CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '913587d37e5cce4e',cH: 'ltlSEtqZrD0Rcf1HgTVh1v4HZau_m.ZxzI5WDjf12SQ-1739792719-1.2.1.1-IjUwfoFNnCsGjQPWPSgnfROHLOmmCXwnFviBeP9wZpYf633V7fep0H4rzcOexFzC',cUPMDTk: "\/10010576\/xml?__cf_chl_tk=IctyXM17Vy5o_xU1kJdFd1m7nLlPnpW7Gsryd7cVCtY-1739792719-1.0.1.1-IhrL.WkoBjwmtn2JZdO4ZyN5xNWLrSekSut6ROXD9is",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739792719',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/10010576\/xml?__cf_chl_f_tk=IctyXM17Vy5o_xU1kJdFd1m7nLlPnpW7Gsryd7cVCtY-1739792719-1.0.1.1-IhrL.WkoBjwmtn2JZdO4ZyN5xNWLrSekSut6ROXD9is",md: "OyMHX7UAO4UPwe3MJNhqxfzkh_18tZ4VncEBV07hvtE-1739792719-1.2.1.1-L8hpqIq8KJsU_Gl7o65rHd6ua8DZyy.V18O3KOy3WkEnwXplxQVrO9i5mcuZrVCLHzdfeSbQvaS.B6L4qw_58fDJ9CT.q9aEn63SFbPpHEbuwuWXeamPPrA4OhqpIsxLrnrEckN4TMgEUnggm5raziAd0YnsmhHgJPgZfDNzz0XA2kDnJRFqWQocVtSajrbNehK9YPNjrq7tfrNZFhmEJhKEGUnuje4Wqb1uCGOisqdYQGjadjCU2A5ZRZgEvoh9e.zCnvZFgAWY4GggiEu1yDClmC17LKnB1_smab94dQBhzcOB85hXjtwngc.R7CkRt0ejy88lRarTTVKik1_XjRM4buzXwW84sClz9GxZUHMtLTwnzzY7rFbeylB1jShPD1lAkmNakTRM.UYfMG9.LxY6N7Tmi.kDVWa0lGAgS8SWyvFicPyF399y8jZjBdu4KQPEfylxQCUNXxFAIhGmSKa3OcSBjJ1RUE3zVPUTxgeKgwp1dcUkDBv38.njMXxmI9nb7TpljqIWqnGZH.OAOTgHP2qyjFTdlYs.joiTKaS2qFdic0cMOOt0HzcH1HM0q515.8CUDX.Cj6qWqMJ54BGhI3SHE1qWrCtdZi4yXQxEPX2zLmrijRaj5GlQTDoIHOJsZc2.cqnYL9KS9zQhjz_uOYGjs0Zx18708On37V4aJRfAh1jJ75AfwGCUp3kHdOaEhX3x3n_bYRHUMndcqWmtR4q.iuAFn1zcrTHggKCzpq4NNFXOV2p2svA5LAuTQOYlkZ3Fx2YGz.5l7Wb5lfBe_jZyoxq7JrsnGCwswOYY6uOJW2UARb9SeW7OhVbpyyph2IPAQzCsAcHmQcEiWyV9fxykDm7QQu3OJEVxkAFvvytTIYyB1eCKtUoaR3rVLf3TUw4TQV1KXCOsUJ4UwN.8Kc4J6RqfcRHLPK8PKwmGIgWjAUe.eqAizeer4Lz_HTVAUCM8WLizzkn2hY3z7wKfZjRwCQaHxKRuQHsvs2csbnmsQ0js9Bp2YH.TrgfNMpJ6akfUcfDty9nPaJs1p1Vu3RAXtq37IOD2Dns98PFxcmmxVOxnh97wNXPIQEpxPahAKcO9rZ0rD0Ex2DX9kbpLcnEZiFbG9w383xE4HJvbnu2VpCu6sI9D7aunAW484uotwWXDTlsExfmS.Sh30re6F76zJXNciIe4WgGzRlUm6FKrM7j5nHQP4E0MyW_Z495tPQAc0PzY6KBUxhU2fMinzfzbFMS8XH_.oXZKxDF9WrJYdSbtsytXghSS02amzy8dgQoi49k9clPdLnDvxIsBK9SvyaCq.fS0TN8189W3A0TyZv09ynnI4mFuH.PQ_mwzXeFa7yomk1M9Om7FVN6UgxEEQxihfDRVkZ65CrGSnYmTd6ztVru3larftKdvZCECwFIubERx2CEX0IJUtQXZTMfdEEOSTJlnlEpsu7_7gTs08U2K9_LBxylcbqPhePXzzqinQnL2PgvBr6a.Z3F4mytgnp9CHBPoY4W7zNwz8.QoQCl5GwaGnYA8bK5FjbgzG.AtSVcEHda5qORQJ5Ae134GfAETbQ7WbEBskW_dT19_Y7VjARxtJNieJmCd.sbssC8xs2ReoR7djFy2Jy2cgaqdcDKmovVPMn2RdDo8B9AcdYzlF4VsOe3F7vmax0j0OK3DufxJxXitbg4hMyQqEno2AdFQRRcfhsY_f5X_2s5eZf3OgU6lG9Y2EaPyJrX9DbKwcgESMYT1wkKjGNdckUUK9pHfuHvS31Z.rCH3EgbYGwg1nzHb_izf0HgKIzzIZdQvsFf4LAsF.sW1CdoWOC5eMdrERkTaXJGtXSQGK7SAT5X5Y5oI6uBvS9Zth76or84cHzj_CbnscW_ncKoKJjMdw2To4xDQ7FL0LMk",mdrd: "_NPn78P5ZvC8YMC1B2I7nBfzp7wZ5rO3JTA3RCNXF1E-1739792719-1.2.1.1-RBitIbBrr3nSPr0mlmOlcdpRR_K0OGBA4lvg7C_wRqt47dBeH8t_gWMYJpHBhmYuplhGChpOm8BXUdHPyD_dlW_zeAL0yAkstONe95gLmXegqsN5POxXiBcWmmFq7JHwgq.elwxFcY8iMI_u.gc7Gml0CRFvTum1Sf2nhXWH9QKnbskW3bterRGwkgtJIiPy4ijZLRqa574DbohhvkSjIKiLZygOwWrwLmrTWg9w7qr4AF1DzPh07i28bCXot1ZhNm5sgrPe4uXKmGEKMOuJyLYC.vRGpO5JdEXqp.OCNRWvpG7SV_S.XWeqKnXmx8f2tMNvNsTMITJn6cniO0z4Bb71FK6zVD_T3SOAjk57.j4f8C2sLmC5hd1EzEryWEzeuVLo55yYaiCHXG3RZi1NsX1IvYOm6JgA3wvzoJNeof.CZWsh80z6Dk.yrmN4jORBfWRmAl8C3Fo.cqdeMIAhSp8F0IZdA4c5tDU3RYysRM.kJWxmSYYoXzZMnly6O1tnD13nQhQrEo4ayCR2Ot73vzT6_IXonljmhlTqzg3K.A_OrFnhEkZHmzVqWb7E_t4wMLG3YX1xAd0j1lF0t7iXz.5MHYZ7qqrpd5kQOsJNODa3kdPry18b7dKw496Iswn.tAb1fV_X.QvLEqX0SFSEP7OV9n5Ipq.J.mmpS5ONBIyDTRIGHmMIWdQo42xbKrnn7.sLEllS3j1pXTBzI5HY_tO1fprXcAOT4aVLlDrWQvtbvwxfX1uHkDQNCR9MmkZAIY7C6dPFJdRLuZ7jVWmBDqxYPVYI5BHvmkGhB.RYKbSudEJOQrbeqr88gTvJXpD_wqVdsNAa8P2.kHlEnbuBJX95hxVS3RvJtDvCPmNFhDVWqsuN2zrGvOT4zccGx5AprGXD7kb4kYQLk73TPHcjqItbs82Bve7QxR_LXVzGV0aC_pzDbNh7QAVD1UCXjIaiySQ8T3qhj5RmspcGSrBJi10V6bj5ynp5dVLMLWQ_nRsifh7ibjv3IO9IaCQUS9.Bk_L5PzgNEngSvOnYhNIdczUDd3MmocZW4hMz2RxFc_O0OErARSvQe3MZXi6B.s.u0GREC9y59Jo3RVDdPNcBJr4Z1U5V8AshIafpaLem9Y2FfBf3B69c7TesCy6cbJxB4VCOg4sW6xd2kSU_e1t97cwAindKS6_K5puFjKWwWQjqy2cXzJI2KzW.kn.65RARQ4fqg794Adm1BDnorQjZkVryX9ObsHWahB6GC.X1IT9ct6aDDIG7xB_Wlqt9wGhHIrPmzWqTVoEKT0NX8i0JWkudif..XXT6cz5ngBzRVZo9WuZxYbzsaHujfqzIhCHMReC24Q.oVFmPj4U75JhECGF2hSFBhNs5lXyIU97IhLwHvy82Wi1Wc4z4qEfbsaAnGBFVJmuWm2965L4E9ohwPwmLe.9D1SzvsQW4DAiob5txTP4VY8DqLU1sJKUXPomPObCwJV7Bqg6NB_1iWAtkdzvbi8x5gF8eCZmKZUv6kMCDzGfHh_rbD77Ku.LJVuqEP06ExmOoHwIrriDNC8fhIdw76xGE6vPLtHroqGz7H5iYmT3GuWFyQqm6YFeTy.cNLicGxmePAEsabMqTQUQdgQ9kcUMGHVZosTA3PXrQ4S_HN1GEsqr03Lzu1D0bwp49WcxORGZd4MMBtbwILPth1ScmqSJgCBJgC6mLqZQ4Xwmef4ZL8GE7SpfzMqxbYFZMJ3BsHDX9ULEKd9SmnvJYYW_MiAQklN98aJJ1ObtwB2tiTXwmQBb.DjArfHV9EAxt1oBUG_jVBqSVH7Ds05iyA1oe..Z.1_lSBLv3RvOF9mLwHcVplo83.HihQkfVpmxi5xZRywSHRY42KgD1YVo56FbGRMQ73qQ5LN33FKXwmOCUDJXlumQx1K.OR2OODLwmQuWcYdhqY_SljsesXBN4irPJFFUyaui3Oi9mTwNZ0N_2l2x4qpxKRiihDshTRjE_"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=913587d37e5cce4e';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/10010576\/xml?__cf_chl_rt_tk=IctyXM17Vy5o_xU1kJdFd1m7nLlPnpW7Gsryd7cVCtY-1739792719-1.0.1.1-IhrL.WkoBjwmtn2JZdO4ZyN5xNWLrSekSut6ROXD9is" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>