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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Braille system for Standard Chinese</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid 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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Two-cell+Chinese+Braille%22">"Two-cell Chinese Braille"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Two-cell+Chinese+Braille%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Two-cell+Chinese+Braille%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Two-cell+Chinese+Braille%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Two-cell+Chinese+Braille%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Two-cell+Chinese+Braille%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2017</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="padding:0.25em; background:violet;">Two-cell Chinese Braille<br /><div style="font-weight:normal"></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Script type</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Semisyllabary" class="mw-redirect" title="Semisyllabary">Semisyllabary</a> </div> with characteristics of an <a href="/wiki/Abugida" title="Abugida">abugida</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Mandarin" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard Mandarin">Standard Mandarin</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd">Related scripts</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Parent systems</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="padding-top:0.15em;"><a href="/wiki/Braille" title="Braille">Braille</a><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Braille" title="Japanese Braille">Japanese Braille</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li>Two-cell Chinese Braille</li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="color: #202122;background-color:#b0c4de">Two-cell Chinese Braille</th></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant" style="font-size: 1rem;">漢語雙拼盲文</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans" style="font-size: 1rem;">汉语双拼盲文</span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Hànyǔ shuāngpīn mángwén</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Two-cell Chinese Braille</b> was designed in the 1970s and is used in parallel with <a href="/wiki/Mainland_Chinese_Braille" title="Mainland Chinese Braille">traditional Chinese Braille</a> in China. </p><p>Each syllable is rendered with two braille characters. The first combines the <a href="/wiki/Syllable_initial" class="mw-redirect" title="Syllable initial">initial</a> and <a href="/wiki/Syllable_medial" class="mw-redirect" title="Syllable medial">medial</a>; the second the <a href="/wiki/Syllable_rime" class="mw-redirect" title="Syllable rime">rime</a> and <a href="/wiki/Four_tones" class="mw-redirect" title="Four tones">tone</a>. The base letters represent the initial and rime; these are modified with diacritics for the medial and tone. Thus each of the braille cells has aspects of an <a href="/wiki/Abugida" title="Abugida">abugida</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Braille_charts">Braille charts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Two-cell_Chinese_Braille&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Braille charts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Onsets">Onsets</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Two-cell_Chinese_Braille&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Onsets"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first cell indicates the initial, generally in dots 1 to 4, and the medial in dots 5 and 6. This design exploits restrictions on co-occurrence of initials and medials to fit all the allowable combinations in a single cell. </p><p>The medial <i>-i-</i> is represented by dot 5 (<span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠐ (braille pattern dots-5) U+2810" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠐</span>), the medial <i>-u-</i> by dot 6 (<span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠠ (braille pattern dots-6) U+2820" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠠</span>), and the medial <i>-ü-</i> by both dots 5 and 6 (<span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠰ (braille pattern dots-56) U+2830" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠰</span>). The <i>z c s</i> series is derived from <i>zh ch sh</i> as if they contained a <i>-i-</i> medial; these two series are not distinguished in many Mandarin dialects. As in <a href="/wiki/Mainland_Chinese_Braille" title="Mainland Chinese Braille">traditional Chinese Braille</a>, <i>k g h</i> and <i>q j x</i> are unified, as they never contrast. </p><p>A null/zero initial (a vowel-initial syllable) is indicated with the <a href="/wiki/Null_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Null consonant">null consonant</a> <span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠾ (braille pattern dots-23456) U+283E" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠾</span>. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr align="center"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_%C3%99.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠾ (braille pattern dots-23456) U+283E"><img alt="⠾ (braille pattern dots-23456)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Braille_%C3%99.svg/40px-Braille_%C3%99.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Braille_%C3%99.svg/60px-Braille_%C3%99.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Braille_%C3%99.svg/80px-Braille_%C3%99.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> <br /> – </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_I9.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠊ (braille pattern dots-24) U+280A"><img alt="⠊ (braille pattern dots-24)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Braille_I9.svg/40px-Braille_I9.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Braille_I9.svg/60px-Braille_I9.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Braille_I9.svg/80px-Braille_I9.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> <br /> b- </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_QuoteOpen.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠦ (braille pattern dots-236) U+2826"><img alt="⠦ (braille pattern dots-236)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Braille_QuoteOpen.svg/40px-Braille_QuoteOpen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Braille_QuoteOpen.svg/60px-Braille_QuoteOpen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Braille_QuoteOpen.svg/80px-Braille_QuoteOpen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> <br /> p- </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_%C3%96.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠪ (braille pattern dots-246) U+282A"><img alt="⠪ (braille pattern dots-246)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Braille_%C3%96.svg/40px-Braille_%C3%96.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Braille_%C3%96.svg/60px-Braille_%C3%96.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Braille_%C3%96.svg/80px-Braille_%C3%96.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> <br /> m- </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_ExclamationPoint.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠖ (braille pattern dots-235) U+2816"><img alt="⠖ (braille pattern dots-235)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Braille_ExclamationPoint.svg/40px-Braille_ExclamationPoint.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Braille_ExclamationPoint.svg/60px-Braille_ExclamationPoint.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Braille_ExclamationPoint.svg/80px-Braille_ExclamationPoint.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> <br /> f- </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_ST.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠌ (braille pattern dots-34) U+280C"><img alt="⠌ (braille pattern dots-34)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Braille_ST.svg/40px-Braille_ST.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Braille_ST.svg/60px-Braille_ST.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Braille_ST.svg/80px-Braille_ST.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> <br /> d- </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_S.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠎ (braille pattern dots-234) U+280E"><img alt="⠎ (braille pattern dots-234)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Braille_S.svg/40px-Braille_S.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Braille_S.svg/60px-Braille_S.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Braille_S.svg/80px-Braille_S.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> <br /> t- </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_P.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠏ (braille pattern dots-1234) U+280F"><img alt="⠏ (braille pattern dots-1234)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Braille_P.svg/40px-Braille_P.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Braille_P.svg/60px-Braille_P.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Braille_P.svg/80px-Braille_P.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> <br /> n- </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_L.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠇ (braille pattern dots-123) U+2807"><img alt="⠇ (braille pattern dots-123)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Braille_L.svg/40px-Braille_L.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Braille_L.svg/60px-Braille_L.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Braille_L.svg/80px-Braille_L.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> <br /> l- </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_A1.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠁ (braille pattern dots-1) U+2801"><img alt="⠁ (braille pattern dots-1)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Braille_A1.svg/40px-Braille_A1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Braille_A1.svg/60px-Braille_A1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Braille_A1.svg/80px-Braille_A1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> <br /> g- </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_K.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠅ (braille pattern dots-13) U+2805"><img alt="⠅ (braille pattern dots-13)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Braille_K.svg/40px-Braille_K.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Braille_K.svg/60px-Braille_K.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Braille_K.svg/80px-Braille_K.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> <br /> k- </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_B2.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠃ (braille pattern dots-12) U+2803"><img alt="⠃ (braille pattern dots-12)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Braille_B2.svg/40px-Braille_B2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Braille_B2.svg/60px-Braille_B2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Braille_B2.svg/80px-Braille_B2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> <br /> h- </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_C3.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠉ (braille pattern dots-14) U+2809"><img alt="⠉ (braille pattern dots-14)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Braille_C3.svg/40px-Braille_C3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Braille_C3.svg/60px-Braille_C3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Braille_C3.svg/80px-Braille_C3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> <br /> zh- </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_M.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠍ (braille pattern dots-134) U+280D"><img alt="⠍ (braille pattern dots-134)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Braille_M.svg/40px-Braille_M.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Braille_M.svg/60px-Braille_M.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Braille_M.svg/80px-Braille_M.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> <br /> ch- </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_F6.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠋ (braille pattern dots-124) U+280B"><img alt="⠋ (braille pattern dots-124)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Braille_F6.svg/40px-Braille_F6.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Braille_F6.svg/60px-Braille_F6.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Braille_F6.svg/80px-Braille_F6.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> <br /> sh- </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_Asterisk.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠔ (braille pattern dots-35) U+2814"><img alt="⠔ (braille pattern dots-35)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Braille_Asterisk.svg/40px-Braille_Asterisk.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Braille_Asterisk.svg/60px-Braille_Asterisk.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Braille_Asterisk.svg/80px-Braille_Asterisk.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> <br /> r- </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_Colon.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠒ (braille pattern dots-25) U+2812"><img alt="⠒ (braille pattern dots-25)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Braille_Colon.svg/40px-Braille_Colon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Braille_Colon.svg/60px-Braille_Colon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Braille_Colon.svg/80px-Braille_Colon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> <br /> y- </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_J0.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠚ (braille pattern dots-245) U+281A"><img alt="⠚ (braille pattern dots-245)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Braille_J0.svg/40px-Braille_J0.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Braille_J0.svg/60px-Braille_J0.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Braille_J0.svg/80px-Braille_J0.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> <br /> bi- </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_Bracket.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠶ (braille pattern dots-2356) U+2836"><img alt="⠶ (braille pattern dots-2356)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Braille_Bracket.svg/40px-Braille_Bracket.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Braille_Bracket.svg/60px-Braille_Bracket.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Braille_Bracket.svg/80px-Braille_Bracket.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> <br /> pi- </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_W.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠺ (braille pattern dots-2456) U+283A"><img alt="⠺ (braille pattern dots-2456)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Braille_W.svg/40px-Braille_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Braille_W.svg/60px-Braille_W.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Braille_W.svg/80px-Braille_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> <br /> mi- </td> <td> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_%C3%84.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠜ (braille pattern dots-345) U+281C"><img alt="⠜ (braille pattern dots-345)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Braille_%C3%84.svg/40px-Braille_%C3%84.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Braille_%C3%84.svg/60px-Braille_%C3%84.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Braille_%C3%84.svg/80px-Braille_%C3%84.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> <br /> di- </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_T.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠞ (braille pattern dots-2345) U+281E"><img alt="⠞ (braille pattern dots-2345)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Braille_T.svg/40px-Braille_T.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Braille_T.svg/60px-Braille_T.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Braille_T.svg/80px-Braille_T.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> <br /> ti- </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_Q.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠟ (braille pattern dots-12345) U+281F"><img alt="⠟ (braille pattern dots-12345)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Braille_Q.svg/40px-Braille_Q.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Braille_Q.svg/60px-Braille_Q.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Braille_Q.svg/80px-Braille_Q.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> <br /> ni- </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_R.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠗ (braille pattern dots-1235) U+2817"><img alt="⠗ (braille pattern dots-1235)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Braille_R.svg/40px-Braille_R.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Braille_R.svg/60px-Braille_R.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Braille_R.svg/80px-Braille_R.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> <br /> li- </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_E5.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠑ (braille pattern dots-15) U+2811"><img alt="⠑ (braille pattern dots-15)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Braille_E5.svg/40px-Braille_E5.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Braille_E5.svg/60px-Braille_E5.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Braille_E5.svg/80px-Braille_E5.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> <br /> ji- </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_O.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠕ (braille pattern dots-135) U+2815"><img alt="⠕ (braille pattern dots-135)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Braille_O.svg/40px-Braille_O.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Braille_O.svg/60px-Braille_O.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Braille_O.svg/80px-Braille_O.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> <br /> qi- </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_H8.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠓ (braille pattern dots-125) U+2813"><img alt="⠓ (braille pattern dots-125)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Braille_H8.svg/40px-Braille_H8.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Braille_H8.svg/60px-Braille_H8.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Braille_H8.svg/80px-Braille_H8.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> <br /> xi- </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_D4.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠙ (braille pattern dots-145) U+2819"><img alt="⠙ (braille pattern dots-145)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Braille_D4.svg/40px-Braille_D4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Braille_D4.svg/60px-Braille_D4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Braille_D4.svg/80px-Braille_D4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> <br /> z- </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_N.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠝ (braille pattern dots-1345) U+281D"><img alt="⠝ (braille pattern dots-1345)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Braille_N.svg/40px-Braille_N.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Braille_N.svg/60px-Braille_N.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Braille_N.svg/80px-Braille_N.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> <br /> c- </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_G7.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠛ (braille pattern dots-1245) U+281B"><img alt="⠛ (braille pattern dots-1245)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Braille_G7.svg/40px-Braille_G7.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Braille_G7.svg/60px-Braille_G7.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Braille_G7.svg/80px-Braille_G7.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> <br /> s- </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_QuestionMark.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠢ (braille pattern dots-26) U+2822"><img alt="⠢ (braille pattern dots-26)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Braille_QuestionMark.svg/40px-Braille_QuestionMark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Braille_QuestionMark.svg/60px-Braille_QuestionMark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Braille_QuestionMark.svg/80px-Braille_QuestionMark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> <br /> w- </td> <td colspan="4"> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_%C3%92.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠬ (braille pattern dots-346) U+282C"><img alt="⠬ (braille pattern dots-346)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Braille_%C3%92.svg/40px-Braille_%C3%92.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Braille_%C3%92.svg/60px-Braille_%C3%92.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Braille_%C3%92.svg/80px-Braille_%C3%92.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> <br /> du- </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_%C3%88.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠮ (braille pattern dots-2346) U+282E"><img alt="⠮ (braille pattern dots-2346)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Braille_%C3%88.svg/40px-Braille_%C3%88.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Braille_%C3%88.svg/60px-Braille_%C3%88.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Braille_%C3%88.svg/80px-Braille_%C3%88.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> <br /> tu- </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_AND.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠯ (braille pattern dots-12346) U+282F"><img alt="⠯ (braille pattern dots-12346)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Braille_AND.svg/40px-Braille_AND.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Braille_AND.svg/60px-Braille_AND.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Braille_AND.svg/80px-Braille_AND.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> <br /> nu- </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_V.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠧ (braille pattern dots-1236) U+2827"><img alt="⠧ (braille pattern dots-1236)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Braille_V.svg/40px-Braille_V.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Braille_V.svg/60px-Braille_V.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Braille_V.svg/80px-Braille_V.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> <br /> lu- </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_%C3%85.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠡ (braille pattern dots-16) U+2821"><img alt="⠡ (braille pattern dots-16)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Braille_%C3%85.svg/40px-Braille_%C3%85.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Braille_%C3%85.svg/60px-Braille_%C3%85.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Braille_%C3%85.svg/80px-Braille_%C3%85.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> <br /> gu- </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_U.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠥ (braille pattern dots-136) U+2825"><img alt="⠥ (braille pattern dots-136)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Braille_U.svg/40px-Braille_U.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Braille_U.svg/60px-Braille_U.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Braille_U.svg/80px-Braille_U.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> <br /> ku- </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_%C3%8A.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠣ (braille pattern dots-126) U+2823"><img alt="⠣ (braille pattern dots-126)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Braille_%C3%8A.svg/40px-Braille_%C3%8A.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Braille_%C3%8A.svg/60px-Braille_%C3%8A.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Braille_%C3%8A.svg/80px-Braille_%C3%8A.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> <br /> hu- </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_SH.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠩ (braille pattern dots-146) U+2829"><img alt="⠩ (braille pattern dots-146)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Braille_SH.svg/40px-Braille_SH.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Braille_SH.svg/60px-Braille_SH.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Braille_SH.svg/80px-Braille_SH.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> <br /> zhu- </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_X.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠭ (braille pattern dots-1346) U+282D"><img alt="⠭ (braille pattern dots-1346)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Braille_X.svg/40px-Braille_X.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Braille_X.svg/60px-Braille_X.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Braille_X.svg/80px-Braille_X.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> <br /> chu- </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_%C3%8B.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠫ (braille pattern dots-1246) U+282B"><img alt="⠫ (braille pattern dots-1246)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Braille_%C3%8B.svg/40px-Braille_%C3%8B.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Braille_%C3%8B.svg/60px-Braille_%C3%8B.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Braille_%C3%8B.svg/80px-Braille_%C3%8B.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> <br /> shu- </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_QuoteClose.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠴ (braille pattern dots-356) U+2834"><img alt="⠴ (braille pattern dots-356)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Braille_QuoteClose.svg/40px-Braille_QuoteClose.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Braille_QuoteClose.svg/60px-Braille_QuoteClose.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Braille_QuoteClose.svg/80px-Braille_QuoteClose.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> <br /> ru- </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_Period.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠲ (braille pattern dots-256) U+2832"><img alt="⠲ (braille pattern dots-256)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Braille_Period.svg/40px-Braille_Period.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Braille_Period.svg/60px-Braille_Period.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Braille_Period.svg/80px-Braille_Period.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> <br /> yu- </td> <td colspan="6"> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_%C3%89.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠿ (braille pattern dots-123456) U+283F"><img alt="⠿ (braille pattern dots-123456)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Braille_%C3%89.svg/40px-Braille_%C3%89.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Braille_%C3%89.svg/60px-Braille_%C3%89.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Braille_%C3%89.svg/80px-Braille_%C3%89.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> <br /> nü- </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_%C3%80.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠷ (braille pattern dots-12356) U+2837"><img alt="⠷ (braille pattern dots-12356)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Braille_%C3%80.svg/40px-Braille_%C3%80.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Braille_%C3%80.svg/60px-Braille_%C3%80.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Braille_%C3%80.svg/80px-Braille_%C3%80.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> <br /> lü- </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_%C3%9B.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠱ (braille pattern dots-156) U+2831"><img alt="⠱ (braille pattern dots-156)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Braille_%C3%9B.svg/40px-Braille_%C3%9B.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Braille_%C3%9B.svg/60px-Braille_%C3%9B.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Braille_%C3%9B.svg/80px-Braille_%C3%9B.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> <br /> ju- </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_Z.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠵ (braille pattern dots-1356) U+2835"><img alt="⠵ (braille pattern dots-1356)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Braille_Z.svg/40px-Braille_Z.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Braille_Z.svg/60px-Braille_Z.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Braille_Z.svg/80px-Braille_Z.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> <br /> qu- </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_%C3%9C.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠳ (braille pattern dots-1256) U+2833"><img alt="⠳ (braille pattern dots-1256)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Braille_%C3%9C.svg/40px-Braille_%C3%9C.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Braille_%C3%9C.svg/60px-Braille_%C3%9C.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Braille_%C3%9C.svg/80px-Braille_%C3%9C.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> <br /> xu- </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_%C3%94.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠹ (braille pattern dots-1456) U+2839"><img alt="⠹ (braille pattern dots-1456)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Braille_%C3%94.svg/40px-Braille_%C3%94.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Braille_%C3%94.svg/60px-Braille_%C3%94.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Braille_%C3%94.svg/80px-Braille_%C3%94.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> <br /> zu- </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_Y.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠽ (braille pattern dots-13456) U+283D"><img alt="⠽ (braille pattern dots-13456)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Braille_Y.svg/40px-Braille_Y.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Braille_Y.svg/60px-Braille_Y.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Braille_Y.svg/80px-Braille_Y.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> <br /> cu- </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_%C3%8F.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠻ (braille pattern dots-12456) U+283B"><img alt="⠻ (braille pattern dots-12456)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Braille_%C3%8F.svg/40px-Braille_%C3%8F.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Braille_%C3%8F.svg/60px-Braille_%C3%8F.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Braille_%C3%8F.svg/80px-Braille_%C3%8F.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> <br /> su- </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>At least one letter in each place of articulation comes from international use (<span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠖ (braille pattern dots-235) U+2816" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠖</span> <i>f</i>, <span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠞ (braille pattern dots-2345) U+281E" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠞</span> <i>ti</i>, <span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠇ (braille pattern dots-123) U+2807" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠇</span> <i>l</i>, <span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠅ (braille pattern dots-13) U+2805" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠅</span> <i>k</i>, <span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠓ (braille pattern dots-125) U+2813" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠓</span> <i>xi</i>, <span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠉ (braille pattern dots-14) U+2809" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠉</span> <i>zh</i>), with at least some of the others derived from these (cf. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1077953707">.mw-parser-output .brai_cell+.brai_cell{margin-left:2px}</style><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠅ (braille pattern dots-13) U+2805" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠅</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠃ (braille pattern dots-12) U+2803" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠃</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠁ (braille pattern dots-1) U+2801" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠁</span> <i>k h g</i> and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1077953707"><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠍ (braille pattern dots-134) U+280D" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠍</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠋ (braille pattern dots-124) U+280B" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠋</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠉ (braille pattern dots-14) U+2809" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠉</span> <i>ch sh zh</i>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rimes">Rimes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Two-cell_Chinese_Braille&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Rimes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The second cell represents the rime, generally in the top half of the cell, and the tone, generally in dots 3 and 6. </p><p>Tone 1 (<i>mā</i>) is indicated by dot 3 (<span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠄ (braille pattern dots-3) U+2804" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠄</span>), tone 2 (<i>má</i>) by dot 6 (<span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠠ (braille pattern dots-6) U+2820" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠠</span>), and tone 3 (<i>mǎ</i>) by dots 3 and 6 (<span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠤ (braille pattern dots-36) U+2824" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠤</span>). (In rime <i>-ei</i>, which already contains a dot 3, the dot 3 for tones 1 and 3 is replaced by dot 5 (<span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠐ (braille pattern dots-5) U+2810" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠐</span> or <span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠰ (braille pattern dots-56) U+2830" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠰</span>).) Tone 4 (<i>mà</i>) and neutral/toneless syllables use the basic rime. </p><p>A null/zero rime (a syllable ending with medial <i>i u ü</i>) is written with <span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠃ (braille pattern dots-12) U+2803" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠃</span>. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr align="center"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_B2.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠃ (braille pattern dots-12) U+2803"><img alt="⠃ (braille pattern dots-12)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Braille_B2.svg/40px-Braille_B2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Braille_B2.svg/60px-Braille_B2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Braille_B2.svg/80px-Braille_B2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> <br /> -ì, -ù, -ǜ </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_J0.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠚ (braille pattern dots-245) U+281A"><img alt="⠚ (braille pattern dots-245)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Braille_J0.svg/40px-Braille_J0.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Braille_J0.svg/60px-Braille_J0.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Braille_J0.svg/80px-Braille_J0.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> <br /> -à </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_I9.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠊ (braille pattern dots-24) U+280A"><img alt="⠊ (braille pattern dots-24)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Braille_I9.svg/40px-Braille_I9.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Braille_I9.svg/60px-Braille_I9.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Braille_I9.svg/80px-Braille_I9.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> <br /> -è, -ò </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_G7.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠛ (braille pattern dots-1245) U+281B"><img alt="⠛ (braille pattern dots-1245)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Braille_G7.svg/40px-Braille_G7.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Braille_G7.svg/60px-Braille_G7.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Braille_G7.svg/80px-Braille_G7.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> <br /> -ài </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_ST.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠌ (braille pattern dots-34) U+280C"><img alt="⠌ (braille pattern dots-34)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Braille_ST.svg/40px-Braille_ST.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Braille_ST.svg/60px-Braille_ST.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Braille_ST.svg/80px-Braille_ST.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> <br /> -èi </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_H8.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠓ (braille pattern dots-125) U+2813"><img alt="⠓ (braille pattern dots-125)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Braille_H8.svg/40px-Braille_H8.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Braille_H8.svg/60px-Braille_H8.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Braille_H8.svg/80px-Braille_H8.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> <br /> -ào </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_C3.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠉ (braille pattern dots-14) U+2809"><img alt="⠉ (braille pattern dots-14)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Braille_C3.svg/40px-Braille_C3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Braille_C3.svg/60px-Braille_C3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Braille_C3.svg/80px-Braille_C3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> <br /> -òu </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_F6.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠋ (braille pattern dots-124) U+280B"><img alt="⠋ (braille pattern dots-124)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Braille_F6.svg/40px-Braille_F6.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Braille_F6.svg/60px-Braille_F6.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Braille_F6.svg/80px-Braille_F6.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> <br /> -àn </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_A1.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠁ (braille pattern dots-1) U+2801"><img alt="⠁ (braille pattern dots-1)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Braille_A1.svg/40px-Braille_A1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Braille_A1.svg/60px-Braille_A1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Braille_A1.svg/80px-Braille_A1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> <br /> -èn </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_D4.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠙ (braille pattern dots-145) U+2819"><img alt="⠙ (braille pattern dots-145)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Braille_D4.svg/40px-Braille_D4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Braille_D4.svg/60px-Braille_D4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Braille_D4.svg/80px-Braille_D4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> <br /> -àng </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_E5.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠑ (braille pattern dots-15) U+2811"><img alt="⠑ (braille pattern dots-15)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Braille_E5.svg/40px-Braille_E5.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Braille_E5.svg/60px-Braille_E5.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Braille_E5.svg/80px-Braille_E5.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> <br /> -èng </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_Asterisk.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠔ (braille pattern dots-35) U+2814"><img alt="⠔ (braille pattern dots-35)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Braille_Asterisk.svg/40px-Braille_Asterisk.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Braille_Asterisk.svg/60px-Braille_Asterisk.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Braille_Asterisk.svg/80px-Braille_Asterisk.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_J0.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠚ (braille pattern dots-245) U+281A"><img alt="⠚ (braille pattern dots-245)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Braille_J0.svg/40px-Braille_J0.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Braille_J0.svg/60px-Braille_J0.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Braille_J0.svg/80px-Braille_J0.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> <br /> èr </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_L.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠇ (braille pattern dots-123) U+2807"><img alt="⠇ (braille pattern dots-123)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Braille_L.svg/40px-Braille_L.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Braille_L.svg/60px-Braille_L.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Braille_L.svg/80px-Braille_L.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> <br /> -ī, -ū, -ǖ </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_T.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠞ (braille pattern dots-2345) U+281E"><img alt="⠞ (braille pattern dots-2345)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Braille_T.svg/40px-Braille_T.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Braille_T.svg/60px-Braille_T.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Braille_T.svg/80px-Braille_T.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> <br /> -ā </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_S.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠎ (braille pattern dots-234) U+280E"><img alt="⠎ (braille pattern dots-234)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Braille_S.svg/40px-Braille_S.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Braille_S.svg/60px-Braille_S.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Braille_S.svg/80px-Braille_S.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> <br /> -ē, -ō </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_Q.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠟ (braille pattern dots-12345) U+281F"><img alt="⠟ (braille pattern dots-12345)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Braille_Q.svg/40px-Braille_Q.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Braille_Q.svg/60px-Braille_Q.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Braille_Q.svg/80px-Braille_Q.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> <br /> -āi </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_%C3%84.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠜ (braille pattern dots-345) U+281C"><img alt="⠜ (braille pattern dots-345)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Braille_%C3%84.svg/40px-Braille_%C3%84.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Braille_%C3%84.svg/60px-Braille_%C3%84.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Braille_%C3%84.svg/80px-Braille_%C3%84.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> <br /> -ēi </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_R.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠗ (braille pattern dots-1235) U+2817"><img alt="⠗ (braille pattern dots-1235)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Braille_R.svg/40px-Braille_R.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Braille_R.svg/60px-Braille_R.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Braille_R.svg/80px-Braille_R.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> <br /> -āo </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_M.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠍ (braille pattern dots-134) U+280D"><img alt="⠍ (braille pattern dots-134)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Braille_M.svg/40px-Braille_M.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Braille_M.svg/60px-Braille_M.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Braille_M.svg/80px-Braille_M.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> <br /> -ōu </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_P.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠏ (braille pattern dots-1234) U+280F"><img alt="⠏ (braille pattern dots-1234)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Braille_P.svg/40px-Braille_P.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Braille_P.svg/60px-Braille_P.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Braille_P.svg/80px-Braille_P.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> <br /> -ān </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_K.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠅ (braille pattern dots-13) U+2805"><img alt="⠅ (braille pattern dots-13)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Braille_K.svg/40px-Braille_K.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Braille_K.svg/60px-Braille_K.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Braille_K.svg/80px-Braille_K.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> <br /> -ēn </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_N.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠝ (braille pattern dots-1345) U+281D"><img alt="⠝ (braille pattern dots-1345)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Braille_N.svg/40px-Braille_N.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Braille_N.svg/60px-Braille_N.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Braille_N.svg/80px-Braille_N.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> <br /> -āng </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_O.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠕ (braille pattern dots-135) U+2815"><img alt="⠕ (braille pattern dots-135)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Braille_O.svg/40px-Braille_O.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Braille_O.svg/60px-Braille_O.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Braille_O.svg/80px-Braille_O.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> <br /> -ēng </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_Asterisk.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠔ (braille pattern dots-35) U+2814"><img alt="⠔ (braille pattern dots-35)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Braille_Asterisk.svg/40px-Braille_Asterisk.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Braille_Asterisk.svg/60px-Braille_Asterisk.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Braille_Asterisk.svg/80px-Braille_Asterisk.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_T.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠞ (braille pattern dots-2345) U+281E"><img alt="⠞ (braille pattern dots-2345)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Braille_T.svg/40px-Braille_T.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Braille_T.svg/60px-Braille_T.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Braille_T.svg/80px-Braille_T.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> <br /> ēr </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_%C3%8A.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠣ (braille pattern dots-126) U+2823"><img alt="⠣ (braille pattern dots-126)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Braille_%C3%8A.svg/40px-Braille_%C3%8A.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Braille_%C3%8A.svg/60px-Braille_%C3%8A.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Braille_%C3%8A.svg/80px-Braille_%C3%8A.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> <br /> -í, -ú, -ǘ </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_W.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠺ (braille pattern dots-2456) U+283A"><img alt="⠺ (braille pattern dots-2456)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Braille_W.svg/40px-Braille_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Braille_W.svg/60px-Braille_W.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Braille_W.svg/80px-Braille_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> <br /> -á </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_%C3%96.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠪ (braille pattern dots-246) U+282A"><img alt="⠪ (braille pattern dots-246)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Braille_%C3%96.svg/40px-Braille_%C3%96.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Braille_%C3%96.svg/60px-Braille_%C3%96.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Braille_%C3%96.svg/80px-Braille_%C3%96.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> <br /> -é, -ó </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_%C3%8F.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠻ (braille pattern dots-12456) U+283B"><img alt="⠻ (braille pattern dots-12456)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Braille_%C3%8F.svg/40px-Braille_%C3%8F.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Braille_%C3%8F.svg/60px-Braille_%C3%8F.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Braille_%C3%8F.svg/80px-Braille_%C3%8F.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> <br /> -ái </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_%C3%92.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠬ (braille pattern dots-346) U+282C"><img alt="⠬ (braille pattern dots-346)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Braille_%C3%92.svg/40px-Braille_%C3%92.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Braille_%C3%92.svg/60px-Braille_%C3%92.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Braille_%C3%92.svg/80px-Braille_%C3%92.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> <br /> -éi </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_%C3%9C.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠳ (braille pattern dots-1256) U+2833"><img alt="⠳ (braille pattern dots-1256)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Braille_%C3%9C.svg/40px-Braille_%C3%9C.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Braille_%C3%9C.svg/60px-Braille_%C3%9C.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Braille_%C3%9C.svg/80px-Braille_%C3%9C.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> <br /> -áo </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_SH.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠩ (braille pattern dots-146) U+2829"><img alt="⠩ (braille pattern dots-146)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Braille_SH.svg/40px-Braille_SH.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Braille_SH.svg/60px-Braille_SH.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Braille_SH.svg/80px-Braille_SH.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> <br /> -óu </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_%C3%8B.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠫ (braille pattern dots-1246) U+282B"><img alt="⠫ (braille pattern dots-1246)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Braille_%C3%8B.svg/40px-Braille_%C3%8B.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Braille_%C3%8B.svg/60px-Braille_%C3%8B.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Braille_%C3%8B.svg/80px-Braille_%C3%8B.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> <br /> -án </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_%C3%85.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠡ (braille pattern dots-16) U+2821"><img alt="⠡ (braille pattern dots-16)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Braille_%C3%85.svg/40px-Braille_%C3%85.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Braille_%C3%85.svg/60px-Braille_%C3%85.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Braille_%C3%85.svg/80px-Braille_%C3%85.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> <br /> -én </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_%C3%94.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠹ (braille pattern dots-1456) U+2839"><img alt="⠹ (braille pattern dots-1456)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Braille_%C3%94.svg/40px-Braille_%C3%94.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Braille_%C3%94.svg/60px-Braille_%C3%94.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Braille_%C3%94.svg/80px-Braille_%C3%94.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> <br /> -áng </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_%C3%9B.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠱ (braille pattern dots-156) U+2831"><img alt="⠱ (braille pattern dots-156)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Braille_%C3%9B.svg/40px-Braille_%C3%9B.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Braille_%C3%9B.svg/60px-Braille_%C3%9B.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Braille_%C3%9B.svg/80px-Braille_%C3%9B.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> <br /> -éng </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_Asterisk.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠔ (braille pattern dots-35) U+2814"><img alt="⠔ (braille pattern dots-35)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Braille_Asterisk.svg/40px-Braille_Asterisk.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Braille_Asterisk.svg/60px-Braille_Asterisk.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Braille_Asterisk.svg/80px-Braille_Asterisk.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_W.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠺ (braille pattern dots-2456) U+283A"><img alt="⠺ (braille pattern dots-2456)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Braille_W.svg/40px-Braille_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Braille_W.svg/60px-Braille_W.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Braille_W.svg/80px-Braille_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> <br /> ér </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_V.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠧ (braille pattern dots-1236) U+2827"><img alt="⠧ (braille pattern dots-1236)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Braille_V.svg/40px-Braille_V.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Braille_V.svg/60px-Braille_V.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Braille_V.svg/80px-Braille_V.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> <br /> -ǐ, -ǔ, -ǚ </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_%C3%99.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠾ (braille pattern dots-23456) U+283E"><img alt="⠾ (braille pattern dots-23456)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Braille_%C3%99.svg/40px-Braille_%C3%99.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Braille_%C3%99.svg/60px-Braille_%C3%99.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Braille_%C3%99.svg/80px-Braille_%C3%99.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> <br /> -ǎ </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_%C3%88.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠮ (braille pattern dots-2346) U+282E"><img alt="⠮ (braille pattern dots-2346)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Braille_%C3%88.svg/40px-Braille_%C3%88.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Braille_%C3%88.svg/60px-Braille_%C3%88.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Braille_%C3%88.svg/80px-Braille_%C3%88.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> <br /> -ě, -ǒ </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_%C3%89.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠿ (braille pattern dots-123456) U+283F"><img alt="⠿ (braille pattern dots-123456)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Braille_%C3%89.svg/40px-Braille_%C3%89.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Braille_%C3%89.svg/60px-Braille_%C3%89.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Braille_%C3%89.svg/80px-Braille_%C3%89.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> <br /> -ǎi </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_NumberSign.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠼ (braille pattern dots-3456) U+283C"><img alt="⠼ (braille pattern dots-3456)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Braille_NumberSign.svg/40px-Braille_NumberSign.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Braille_NumberSign.svg/60px-Braille_NumberSign.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Braille_NumberSign.svg/80px-Braille_NumberSign.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> <br /> -ěi </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_%C3%80.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠷ (braille pattern dots-12356) U+2837"><img alt="⠷ (braille pattern dots-12356)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Braille_%C3%80.svg/40px-Braille_%C3%80.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Braille_%C3%80.svg/60px-Braille_%C3%80.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Braille_%C3%80.svg/80px-Braille_%C3%80.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> <br /> -ǎo </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_X.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠭ (braille pattern dots-1346) U+282D"><img alt="⠭ (braille pattern dots-1346)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Braille_X.svg/40px-Braille_X.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Braille_X.svg/60px-Braille_X.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Braille_X.svg/80px-Braille_X.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> <br /> -ǒu </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_AND.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠯ (braille pattern dots-12346) U+282F"><img alt="⠯ (braille pattern dots-12346)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Braille_AND.svg/40px-Braille_AND.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Braille_AND.svg/60px-Braille_AND.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Braille_AND.svg/80px-Braille_AND.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> <br /> -ǎn </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_U.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠥ (braille pattern dots-136) U+2825"><img alt="⠥ (braille pattern dots-136)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Braille_U.svg/40px-Braille_U.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Braille_U.svg/60px-Braille_U.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Braille_U.svg/80px-Braille_U.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> <br /> -ěn </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_Y.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠽ (braille pattern dots-13456) U+283D"><img alt="⠽ (braille pattern dots-13456)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Braille_Y.svg/40px-Braille_Y.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Braille_Y.svg/60px-Braille_Y.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Braille_Y.svg/80px-Braille_Y.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> <br /> -ǎng </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_Z.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠵ (braille pattern dots-1356) U+2835"><img alt="⠵ (braille pattern dots-1356)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Braille_Z.svg/40px-Braille_Z.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Braille_Z.svg/60px-Braille_Z.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Braille_Z.svg/80px-Braille_Z.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> <br /> -ěng </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_Asterisk.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠔ (braille pattern dots-35) U+2814"><img alt="⠔ (braille pattern dots-35)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Braille_Asterisk.svg/40px-Braille_Asterisk.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Braille_Asterisk.svg/60px-Braille_Asterisk.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Braille_Asterisk.svg/80px-Braille_Asterisk.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_%C3%99.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠾ (braille pattern dots-23456) U+283E"><img alt="⠾ (braille pattern dots-23456)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Braille_%C3%99.svg/40px-Braille_%C3%99.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Braille_%C3%99.svg/60px-Braille_%C3%99.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Braille_%C3%99.svg/80px-Braille_%C3%99.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> <br /> ěr </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠃ (braille pattern dots-12) U+2803" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠃</span> is the 'zero' rime transcribed as <i>-i</i> after <i>z c s zh ch sh r</i> in pinyin; here it's also used to carry the tone for syllables where the medial is the rime, such as <i>gu</i> or <i>mi</i>. After <i>b p m f</i>, it is equivalent to pinyin <i>-u</i>.</li> <li><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠊ (braille pattern dots-24) U+280A" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠊</span> is transcribed in pinyin as <i>o</i> after <i>b p m f w</i> and the medial <i>u</i>; otherwise it's <i>e</i>.</li></ul> <p>The rime <i>er</i> is written as if it were *<i>ra</i>; this is possible because *<i>ra</i> is not a possible syllable in Mandarin. At the end of a word, <span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠔ (braille pattern dots-35) U+2814" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠔</span> <i>-r</i> is <i><a href="/wiki/Erhua" title="Erhua">erhua</a></i>, as in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1077953707"><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠣ (braille pattern dots-126) U+2823" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠣</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠞ (braille pattern dots-2345) U+281E" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠞</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠔ (braille pattern dots-35) U+2814" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠔</span> <i>huār</i> (花儿). Within a word, hyphenate <i>erhua</i> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1077953707"><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠔ (braille pattern dots-35) U+2814" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠔</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠤ (braille pattern dots-36) U+2824" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠤</span>) to avoid confusion with an initial <i>r-</i> in the following syllable. </p><p>The exclamation <i>ê</i> is <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1077953707"><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠐ (braille pattern dots-5) U+2810" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠐</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠊ (braille pattern dots-24) U+280A" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠊</span>,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute#Disputed_statement" title="Wikipedia:Accuracy dispute"><span title="The material near this tag is possibly inaccurate or nonfactual. (August 2012)">dubious</span></a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:Two-cell_Chinese_Braille#Dubious" title="Talk:Two-cell Chinese Braille">discuss</a></i>]</sup> <i>yo</i> is <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1077953707"><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠈ (braille pattern dots-4) U+2808" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠈</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠊ (braille pattern dots-24) U+280A" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠊</span>, and <i>o</i> is <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1077953707"><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠠ (braille pattern dots-6) U+2820" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠠</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠊ (braille pattern dots-24) U+280A" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠊</span>, with appropriate modification for tone. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Combining_onset_and_rime">Combining onset and rime</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Two-cell_Chinese_Braille&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Combining onset and rime"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Combinations of onset and rime follow the conventions of <a href="/wiki/Zhuyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhuyin">zhuyin</a>, and are therefore not obvious from pinyin transcription. </p> <ul><li>for pinyin <i>-in</i>, use medial <i>-i-</i> with rime <i>-en</i>; for <i>-ing</i>, use <i>-i-</i> and <i>-eng</i></li> <li>for <i>-un</i> (the equivalent of <i>wen</i>), use <i>-u-</i> and <i>-en</i>; for <i>-ong</i> (the equivalent of <i>weng</i>), use <i>-u-</i> and <i>-eng</i></li> <li>for <i>-iong</i> (the equivalent of <i>yueng</i>, though written <i>yong</i> in pinyin), use <i>-ü-</i> and <i>-eng</i></li></ul> <p>Several syllables are <a href="/wiki/Palindrome" title="Palindrome">palindromes</a>, with the onset and rime written the same: </p> <dl><dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1077953707"><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠾ (braille pattern dots-23456) U+283E" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠾</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠾ (braille pattern dots-23456) U+283E" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠾</span> <i>ǎ</i>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1077953707"><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠊ (braille pattern dots-24) U+280A" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠊</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠊ (braille pattern dots-24) U+280A" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠊</span> <i>bò</i>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1077953707"><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠪ (braille pattern dots-246) U+282A" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠪</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠪ (braille pattern dots-246) U+282A" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠪</span> <i>mó</i>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1077953707"><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠮ (braille pattern dots-2346) U+282E" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠮</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠮ (braille pattern dots-2346) U+282E" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠮</span> <i>tuǒ</i>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1077953707"><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠯ (braille pattern dots-12346) U+282F" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠯</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠯ (braille pattern dots-12346) U+282F" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠯</span> <i>nuǎn</i>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1077953707"><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠗ (braille pattern dots-1235) U+2817" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠗</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠗ (braille pattern dots-1235) U+2817" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠗</span> <i>liāo</i>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1077953707"><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠧ (braille pattern dots-1236) U+2827" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠧</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠧ (braille pattern dots-1236) U+2827" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠧</span> <i>lǔ</i>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1077953707"><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠑ (braille pattern dots-15) U+2811" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠑</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠑ (braille pattern dots-15) U+2811" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠑</span> <i>jìng</i>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1077953707"><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠕ (braille pattern dots-135) U+2815" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠕</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠕ (braille pattern dots-135) U+2815" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠕</span> <i>qīng</i>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1077953707"><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠥ (braille pattern dots-136) U+2825" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠥</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠥ (braille pattern dots-136) U+2825" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠥</span> <i>kǔn</i>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1077953707"><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠓ (braille pattern dots-125) U+2813" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠓</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠓ (braille pattern dots-125) U+2813" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠓</span> <i>xiào</i>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1077953707"><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠣ (braille pattern dots-126) U+2823" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠣</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠣ (braille pattern dots-126) U+2823" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠣</span> <i>hú</i>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1077953707"><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠉ (braille pattern dots-14) U+2809" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠉</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠉ (braille pattern dots-14) U+2809" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠉</span> <i>zhòu</i>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1077953707"><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠙ (braille pattern dots-145) U+2819" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠙</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠙ (braille pattern dots-145) U+2819" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠙</span> <i>zàng</i>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1077953707"><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠍ (braille pattern dots-134) U+280D" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠍</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠍ (braille pattern dots-134) U+280D" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠍</span> <i>chōu</i>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1077953707"><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠝ (braille pattern dots-1345) U+281D" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠝</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠝ (braille pattern dots-1345) U+281D" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠝</span> <i>cāng</i>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1077953707"><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠋ (braille pattern dots-124) U+280B" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠋</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠋ (braille pattern dots-124) U+280B" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠋</span> <i>shàn</i>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1077953707"><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠛ (braille pattern dots-1245) U+281B" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠛</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠛ (braille pattern dots-1245) U+281B" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠛</span> <i>sài</i></dd></dl> <p>A toneless or 4th-tone zero rime is omitted at the end of a polysyllabic word. (Words ending in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1077953707"><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠔ (braille pattern dots-35) U+2814" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠔</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠃ (braille pattern dots-12) U+2803" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠃</span> <i>rì</i> (<span lang="zh-Hans">日</span>) 'day' are an exception, to prevent confusion with the <i>erhua</i> suffix.) When context makes it unambiguous, the zero rime in other tones may also be omitted. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Tone_sandhi" title="Tone sandhi">Sandhi</a> is not rendered; rather, the inherent tone of a morpheme is written. </p><p>The following are rendered as toneless syllables: </p> <ul><li>Interjections and grammatical particles such as <span lang="zh-Hans">啊</span> <i>a</i>, <span lang="zh-Hans">呀</span> <i>ya</i>, <span lang="zh-Hans">哇</span> <i>wa</i>, <span lang="zh-Hans">吧</span> <i>ba</i>, <span lang="zh-Hans">啦</span> <i>la</i>, <span lang="zh-Hans">呢</span> <i>ne</i>, <span lang="zh-Hans">吗</span> <i>ma</i>.</li> <li>The verbal <a href="/wiki/Grammatical_aspect" title="Grammatical aspect">aspectual</a> suffixes <span lang="zh-Hans">了</span> <i>-le</i>, <span lang="zh-Hans">着</span> <i>-zhe</i>, <span lang="zh-Hans">过</span> <i>-guo</i></li> <li>The nominal suffixes <span lang="zh-Hans">子</span> <i>-zi</i> and <span lang="zh-Hans">头</span> <i>-tou</i>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Common_abbreviations">Common abbreviations</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Two-cell_Chinese_Braille&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Common abbreviations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Suffixes</dt></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-3"> <dl><dd><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠂ (braille pattern dots-2) U+2802" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠂</span> <span lang="zh-Hans">们</span> <i>men</i></dd> <dd><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠌ (braille pattern dots-34) U+280C" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠌</span> <span lang="zh-Hans">的</span> <i>de</i></dd></dl> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-3"> <dl><dd><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠁ (braille pattern dots-1) U+2801" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠁</span> <span lang="zh-Hans">个</span> <i>gè</i></dd> <dd><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠇ (braille pattern dots-123) U+2807" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠇</span> <span lang="zh-Hans">了</span> <i>le</i></dd></dl> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-3"> <dl><dd><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠖ (braille pattern dots-235) U+2816" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠖</span> <span lang="zh-Hans">是</span> <i>shì</i></dd></dl> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <dl><dt>Words</dt></dl> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1216972533"><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-3"> <dl><dd><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠵ (braille pattern dots-1356) U+2835" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠵</span> <span lang="zh-Hans">我</span> <i>wǒ</i> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1077953707"><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠵ (braille pattern dots-1356) U+2835" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠵</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠂ (braille pattern dots-2) U+2802" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠂</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠌ (braille pattern dots-34) U+280C" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠌</span> <span lang="zh-Hans">我们的</span> <i>wǒmende</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dd><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠟ (braille pattern dots-12345) U+281F" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠟</span> <span lang="zh-Hans">你</span> <i>nǐ</i></dd> <dd><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠞ (braille pattern dots-2345) U+281E" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠞</span> <span lang="zh-Hans">他</span> <i>tā</i> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1077953707"><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠈ (braille pattern dots-4) U+2808" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠈</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠞ (braille pattern dots-2345) U+281E" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠞</span> <span lang="zh-Hans">她</span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1077953707"><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠐ (braille pattern dots-5) U+2810" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠐</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠞ (braille pattern dots-2345) U+281E" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠞</span> <span lang="zh-Hans">它</span>)</dd> <dd><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠋ (braille pattern dots-124) U+280B" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠋</span> <span lang="zh-Hans">是</span> <i>shì</i></dd> <dd><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠭ (braille pattern dots-1346) U+282D" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠭</span> <span lang="zh-Hans">有</span> <i>yǒu</i></dd> <dd><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠪ (braille pattern dots-246) U+282A" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠪</span> <span lang="zh-Hans">没</span> <i>méi</i> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1077953707"><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠪ (braille pattern dots-246) U+282A" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠪</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠒ (braille pattern dots-25) U+2812" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠒</span> <span lang="zh-Hans">没有</span> <i>méiyǒu</i>)</dd> <dd><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠏ (braille pattern dots-1234) U+280F" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠏</span> <span lang="zh-Hans">能</span> <i>néng</i></dd> <dd><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠙ (braille pattern dots-145) U+2819" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠙</span> <span lang="zh-Hans">在</span> <i>zài</i> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1077953707"><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠈ (braille pattern dots-4) U+2808" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠈</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠙ (braille pattern dots-145) U+2819" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠙</span> <span lang="zh-Hans">再</span> <i>zài</i>)</dd> <dd><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠃ (braille pattern dots-12) U+2803" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠃</span> <span lang="zh-Hans">和</span> <i>hé</i></dd> <dd><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠣ (braille pattern dots-126) U+2823" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠣</span> <span lang="zh-Hans">时</span> <i>shí</i></dd></dl> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-3"> <dl><dd><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠅ (braille pattern dots-13) U+2805" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠅</span> <span lang="zh-Hans">可</span> <i>kě</i> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1077953707"><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠅ (braille pattern dots-13) U+2805" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠅</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠒ (braille pattern dots-25) U+2812" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠒</span> <span lang="zh-Hans">可以</span> <i>kěyǐ</i>)</dd> <dd><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠱ (braille pattern dots-156) U+2831" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠱</span> <span lang="zh-Hans">就</span> <i>jiù</i> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1077953707"><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠱ (braille pattern dots-156) U+2831" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠱</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠖ (braille pattern dots-235) U+2816" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠖</span> <span lang="zh-Hans">就是</span> <i>jiùshi</i>)</dd> <dd><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠻ (braille pattern dots-12456) U+283B" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠻</span> <span lang="zh-Hans">还</span> <i>hái</i> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1077953707"><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠻ (braille pattern dots-12456) U+283B" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠻</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠖ (braille pattern dots-235) U+2816" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠖</span> <span lang="zh-Hans">还是</span> <i>háishi</i>)</dd> <dd><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠓ (braille pattern dots-125) U+2813" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠓</span> <span lang="zh-Hans">要</span> <i>yào</i></dd> <dd><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠮ (braille pattern dots-2346) U+282E" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠮</span> <span lang="zh-Hans">也</span> <i>yě</i></dd> <dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1077953707"><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠱ (braille pattern dots-156) U+2831" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠱</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠉ (braille pattern dots-14) U+2809" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠉</span> <span lang="zh-Hans">同志</span> <i>tóngzhì</i></dd> <dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1077953707"><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠓ (braille pattern dots-125) U+2813" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠓</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠏ (braille pattern dots-1234) U+280F" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠏</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠋ (braille pattern dots-124) U+280B" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠋</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠕ (braille pattern dots-135) U+2815" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠕</span> <span lang="zh-Hans">先生</span> <i>xiānshēng</i></dd> <dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1077953707"><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠖ (braille pattern dots-235) U+2816" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠖</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠇ (braille pattern dots-123) U+2807" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠇</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠌ (braille pattern dots-34) U+280C" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠌</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠡ (braille pattern dots-16) U+2821" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠡</span> <span lang="zh-Hans">夫人</span> <i>fūrén</i></dd> <dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1077953707"><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠓ (braille pattern dots-125) U+2813" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠓</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠷ (braille pattern dots-12356) U+2837" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠷</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠑ (braille pattern dots-15) U+2811" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠑</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠮ (braille pattern dots-2346) U+282E" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠮</span> <span lang="zh-Hans">小姐</span> <i>xiǎojiě</i></dd></dl> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-3"> <dl><dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1077953707"><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠊ (braille pattern dots-24) U+280A" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠊</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠼ (braille pattern dots-3456) U+283C" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠼</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠑ (braille pattern dots-15) U+2811" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠑</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠇ (braille pattern dots-123) U+2807" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠇</span> <span lang="zh-Hans">北京</span> <i>Běijīng</i></dd> <dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1077953707"><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠌ (braille pattern dots-34) U+280C" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠌</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠎ (braille pattern dots-234) U+280E" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠎</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠑ (braille pattern dots-15) U+2811" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠑</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠇ (braille pattern dots-123) U+2807" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠇</span> <span lang="zh-Hans">东京</span> <i>Dōngjīng</i></dd> <dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1077953707"><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠨ (braille pattern dots-46) U+2828" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠨</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠃ (braille pattern dots-12) U+2803" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠃</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠱ (braille pattern dots-156) U+2831" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠱</span> <span lang="zh-Hans">橫</span> <i>Héng</i></dd> <dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1077953707"><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠨ (braille pattern dots-46) U+2828" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠨</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠃ (braille pattern dots-12) U+2803" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠃</span> <span lang="zh-Hans">弘</span> <i>Hóng</i></dd> <dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1077953707"><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠨ (braille pattern dots-46) U+2828" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠨</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠃ (braille pattern dots-12) U+2803" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠃</span> <span lang="zh-Hans">閎</span> <i>Hóng</i></dd> <dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1077953707"><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠨ (braille pattern dots-46) U+2828" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠨</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠃ (braille pattern dots-12) U+2803" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠃</span> <span lang="zh-Hans">宏</span> <i>Hóng</i></dd> <dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1077953707"><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠨ (braille pattern dots-46) U+2828" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠨</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠃ (braille pattern dots-12) U+2803" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠃</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠹ (braille pattern dots-1456) U+2839" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠹</span> <span lang="zh-Hans">黄</span> <i>Huáng</i></dd> <dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1077953707"><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠨ (braille pattern dots-46) U+2828" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠨</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠑ (braille pattern dots-15) U+2811" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠑</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠪ (braille pattern dots-246) U+282A" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠪</span> <span lang="zh-Hans">杰</span> <i>Jié</i></dd> <dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1077953707"><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠏ (braille pattern dots-1234) U+280F" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠏</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠑ (braille pattern dots-15) U+2811" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠑</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠇ (braille pattern dots-123) U+2807" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠇</span> <span lang="zh-Hans">南京</span> <i>Nánjīng</i></dd> <dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1077953707"><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠋ (braille pattern dots-124) U+280B" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠋</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠙ (braille pattern dots-145) U+2819" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠙</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠃ (braille pattern dots-12) U+2803" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠃</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠿ (braille pattern dots-123456) U+283F" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠿</span> <span lang="zh-Hans">上海</span> <i>Shànghǎi</i></dd> <dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1077953707"><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠨ (braille pattern dots-46) U+2828" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠨</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠡ (braille pattern dots-16) U+2821" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠡</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠹ (braille pattern dots-1456) U+2839" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠹</span> <span lang="zh-Hans">王</span> <i>Wáng</i></dd> <dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1077953707"><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠨ (braille pattern dots-46) U+2828" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠨</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠡ (braille pattern dots-16) U+2821" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠡</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠝ (braille pattern dots-1345) U+281D" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠝</span> <span lang="zh-Hans">汪</span> <i>Wāng</i></dd> <dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1077953707"><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠓ (braille pattern dots-125) U+2813" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠓</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠏ (braille pattern dots-1234) U+280F" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠏</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠁ (braille pattern dots-1) U+2801" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠁</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠽ (braille pattern dots-13456) U+283D" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠽</span> <span lang="zh-Hans">香港</span> <i>Xiānggǎng</i></dd> <dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1077953707"><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠇ (braille pattern dots-123) U+2807" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠇</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠻ (braille pattern dots-12456) U+283B" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠻</span> <span lang="zh-Hans">来</span> <i>lái</i></dd></dl> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Homophones">Homophones</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Two-cell_Chinese_Braille&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Homophones"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some common homophones are distinguished by prefixing with a dot 4 <span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠈ (braille pattern dots-4) U+2808" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠈</span> or 5 <span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠐ (braille pattern dots-5) U+2810" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠐</span>, or by dropping the rime: </p> <ul><li><i>tā</i>: <span lang="zh-Hans">他</span> (he) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1077953707"><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠎ (braille pattern dots-234) U+280E" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠎</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠞ (braille pattern dots-2345) U+281E" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠞</span>, <span lang="zh-Hans">她</span> (she) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1077953707"><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠈ (braille pattern dots-4) U+2808" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠈</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠎ (braille pattern dots-234) U+280E" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠎</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠞ (braille pattern dots-2345) U+281E" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠞</span>, <span lang="zh-Hans">它</span> (it) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1077953707"><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠐ (braille pattern dots-5) U+2810" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠐</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠎ (braille pattern dots-234) U+280E" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠎</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠞ (braille pattern dots-2345) U+281E" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠞</span></li> <li><i>zài</i>: <span lang="zh-Hans">在</span> (at) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1077953707"><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠙ (braille pattern dots-145) U+2819" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠙</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠛ (braille pattern dots-1245) U+281B" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠛</span>, <span lang="zh-Hans">再</span> (again) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1077953707"><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠈ (braille pattern dots-4) U+2808" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠈</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠙ (braille pattern dots-145) U+2819" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠙</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠛ (braille pattern dots-1245) U+281B" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠛</span></li> <li><i>shì</i>: <span lang="zh-Hans">是</span> (to be) <span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠋ (braille pattern dots-124) U+280B" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠋</span>, <span lang="zh-Hans">事</span> (thing) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1077953707"><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠋ (braille pattern dots-124) U+280B" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠋</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠃ (braille pattern dots-12) U+2803" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠃</span> <dl><dd><span lang="zh-Hans">是</span> as a suffix is <span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠖ (braille pattern dots-235) U+2816" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠖</span>, like an initial <i>f-</i></dd></dl></li></ul> <p>The three grammatical uses of non-tonic <i>de</i> are irregular: </p> <ul><li>de: attributive <span lang="zh-Hans">的</span> <span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠌ (braille pattern dots-34) U+280C" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠌</span>, adverbial <span lang="zh-Hans">地</span> <span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠜ (braille pattern dots-345) U+281C" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠜</span>, complement <span lang="zh-Hans">得</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1077953707"><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠌ (braille pattern dots-34) U+280C" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠌</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠔ (braille pattern dots-35) U+2814" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠔</span> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute#Disputed_statement" title="Wikipedia:Accuracy dispute"><span title="The material near this tag is possibly inaccurate or nonfactual. (August 2012)">dubious</span></a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:Two-cell_Chinese_Braille#Dubious" title="Talk:Two-cell Chinese Braille">discuss</a></i>]</sup></li></ul> <p>Often printed Chinese can be contracted, compared to speech, as unambiguous where a phonetic rendition such as braille would be ambiguous; in such cases, the sign <span class="nowrap">⟨<span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠘ (braille pattern dots-45) U+2818" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠘</span>⟩</span> may be used to indicate the omitted syllables. For example, in the clause <span lang="zh-Hans">露从今夜白</span> <i>Lù cóng jīnyè bái</i>, <span lang="zh-Hans">露</span> <i>lù</i> means 'dew' (colloquial <span lang="zh-Hans">露水</span> <i>lùshuǐ</i>). However, there are several other words transcribed <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1077953707"><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠧ (braille pattern dots-1236) U+2827" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠧</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠃ (braille pattern dots-12) U+2803" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠃</span> <i>lù</i> in braille. To clarify, the <span lang="zh-Hans">–水</span> element of the colloquial word can be added with the <span class="nowrap">⟨<span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠘ (braille pattern dots-45) U+2818" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠘</span>⟩</span> prefix: </p> <dl><dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1077953707"><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠧ (braille pattern dots-1236) U+2827" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠧</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠃ (braille pattern dots-12) U+2803" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠃</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠘ (braille pattern dots-45) U+2818" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠘</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠫ (braille pattern dots-1246) U+282B" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠫</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠼ (braille pattern dots-3456) U+283C" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠼</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠀ (braille pattern blank) U+2800" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠀</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠽ (braille pattern dots-13456) U+283D" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠽</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠱ (braille pattern dots-156) U+2831" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠱</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠀ (braille pattern blank) U+2800" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠀</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠑ (braille pattern dots-15) U+2811" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠑</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠅ (braille pattern dots-13) U+2805" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠅</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠒ (braille pattern dots-25) U+2812" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠒</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠊ (braille pattern dots-24) U+280A" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠊</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠀ (braille pattern blank) U+2800" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠀</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠊ (braille pattern dots-24) U+280A" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠊</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠻ (braille pattern dots-12456) U+283B" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠻</span></dd> <dd><i>Lù(shuǐ) cóng jīnyè bái</i></dd> <dd><span lang="zh-Hans">露（水）从今夜白</span></dd></dl> <p>In other cases a synonym may be provided; here the prefix is <span class="nowrap">⟨<span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠸ (braille pattern dots-456) U+2838" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠸</span>⟩</span>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (August 2012)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> For example, in print the meaning of </p> <dl><dd><span lang="zh-Hans">两岸猿声啼</span></dd> <dd><i>Liǎng'àn yuán shēng tí </i></dd> <dd>(from both sides, the voices of monkeys cried out)</dd></dl> <p>is clear, but in a phonetic script <span lang="zh-Hans">猿</span> <i>yuán</i> 'monkey' and <span lang="zh-Hans">啼</span> <i>tí</i> 'cry' can be obscure. The first can be clarified as <span lang="zh-Hans">猿猴</span> <i>yuánhóu</i> 'primate' and the second with the parenthetical <span lang="zh-Hans">叫</span> <i>jiào</i> 'call': </p> <dl><dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1077953707"><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠗ (braille pattern dots-1235) U+2817" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠗</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠽ (braille pattern dots-13456) U+283D" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠽</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠾ (braille pattern dots-23456) U+283E" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠾</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠋ (braille pattern dots-124) U+280B" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠋</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠘ (braille pattern dots-45) U+2818" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠘</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠀ (braille pattern blank) U+2800" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠀</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠲ (braille pattern dots-256) U+2832" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠲</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠫ (braille pattern dots-1246) U+282B" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠫</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠘ (braille pattern dots-45) U+2818" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠘</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠃ (braille pattern dots-12) U+2803" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠃</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠩ (braille pattern dots-146) U+2829" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠩</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠋ (braille pattern dots-124) U+280B" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠋</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠕ (braille pattern dots-135) U+2815" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠕</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠀ (braille pattern blank) U+2800" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠀</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠞ (braille pattern dots-2345) U+281E" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠞</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠣ (braille pattern dots-126) U+2823" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠣</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠸ (braille pattern dots-456) U+2838" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠸</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠑ (braille pattern dots-15) U+2811" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠑</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠓ (braille pattern dots-125) U+2813" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠓</span></dd> <dd>Liǎng'àn yuán(hóu) shēng tí (jiào)</dd> <dd><span lang="zh-Hans">两岸猿（猴）声啼（叫）</span></dd></dl> <p>When longer parenthetical explanations are provided, the sign <span class="nowrap">⟨<span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠸ (braille pattern dots-456) U+2838" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠸</span>⟩</span> is repeated before each word (not each syllable). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Numbers">Numbers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Two-cell_Chinese_Braille&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Numbers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Numbers are the same as in other braille alphabets. Use the number sign <span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠼ (braille pattern dots-3456) U+283C" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠼</span> followed by <span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠁ (braille pattern dots-1) U+2801" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠁</span> 1, <span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠃ (braille pattern dots-12) U+2803" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠃</span> 2, <span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠉ (braille pattern dots-14) U+2809" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠉</span> 3, <span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠙ (braille pattern dots-145) U+2819" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠙</span> 4, <span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠑ (braille pattern dots-15) U+2811" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠑</span> 5, <span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠋ (braille pattern dots-124) U+280B" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠋</span> 6, <span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠛ (braille pattern dots-1245) U+281B" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠛</span> 7, <span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠓ (braille pattern dots-125) U+2813" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠓</span> 8, <span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠊ (braille pattern dots-24) U+280A" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠊</span> 9, <span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠚ (braille pattern dots-245) U+281A" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠚</span> 0. </p><p>Notes are indicated as <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1077953707"><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠔ (braille pattern dots-35) U+2814" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠔</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠼ (braille pattern dots-3456) U+283C" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠼</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠁ (braille pattern dots-1) U+2801" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠁</span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1077953707"><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠔ (braille pattern dots-35) U+2814" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠔</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠼ (braille pattern dots-3456) U+283C" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠼</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠃ (braille pattern dots-12) U+2803" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠃</span>, etc., sections as <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1077953707"><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠬ (braille pattern dots-346) U+282C" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠬</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠼ (braille pattern dots-3456) U+283C" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠼</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠉ (braille pattern dots-14) U+2809" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠉</span> etc. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Formatting">Formatting</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Two-cell_Chinese_Braille&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Formatting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td>emphasis</td> <td><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠠ (braille pattern dots-6) U+2820" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠠</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>proper name</td> <td><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠨ (braille pattern dots-46) U+2828" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠨</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>foreign script</td> <td><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠰ (braille pattern dots-56) U+2830" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠰</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>number</td> <td><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠼ (braille pattern dots-3456) U+283C" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠼</span> </td></tr></tbody></table></dd></dl> <p><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠼ (braille pattern dots-3456) U+283C" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠼</span> is also used for reduplication rather than repeating a syllable or word. When attached to a word, it repeats a syllable; standing alone, it repeats a word: </p> <dl><dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1077953707"><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠳ (braille pattern dots-1256) U+2833" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠳</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠧ (braille pattern dots-1236) U+2827" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠧</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠼ (braille pattern dots-3456) U+283C" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠼</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠬ (braille pattern dots-346) U+282C" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠬</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠎ (braille pattern dots-234) U+280E" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠎</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠼ (braille pattern dots-3456) U+283C" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠼</span></dd> <dd><i>xǔxǔ-duōduō</i></dd> <dd><span lang="zh-Hans">许许多多</span></dd></dl> <dl><dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1077953707"><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠓ (braille pattern dots-125) U+2813" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠓</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠙ (braille pattern dots-145) U+2819" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠙</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠕ (braille pattern dots-135) U+2815" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠕</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠫ (braille pattern dots-1246) U+282B" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠫</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠐ (braille pattern dots-5) U+2810" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠐</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠀ (braille pattern blank) U+2800" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠀</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠼ (braille pattern dots-3456) U+283C" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠼</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠐ (braille pattern dots-5) U+2810" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠐</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠀ (braille pattern blank) U+2800" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠀</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠼ (braille pattern dots-3456) U+283C" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠼</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠰ (braille pattern dots-56) U+2830" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠰</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠂ (braille pattern dots-2) U+2802" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠂</span></dd> <dd><i>Xiàngqián, xiàngqián, xiàngqián!</i></dd> <dd><span lang="zh-Hans">向前，向前，向前！</span></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Punctuation">Punctuation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Two-cell_Chinese_Braille&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Punctuation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Chinese braille punctuation is based on that of <a href="/wiki/French_Braille" title="French Braille">French Braille</a>, but they are generally split between two cells. This gives them the 'full-width' feel of print Chinese, as well as avoiding confusion with letters. </p> <dl><dd><table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td>clausal comma <span class="nowrap">⟨<span lang="zh-Hans">，</span>⟩</span></td> <td><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠐ (braille pattern dots-5) U+2810" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠐</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>phrasal comma <span class="nowrap">⟨<span lang="zh-Hans">、</span>⟩</span></td> <td><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠠ (braille pattern dots-6) U+2820" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠠</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>full stop / period <span class="nowrap">⟨<span lang="zh-Hans">。</span>⟩</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1077953707"><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠐ (braille pattern dots-5) U+2810" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠐</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠆ (braille pattern dots-23) U+2806" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠆</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>question mark <span class="nowrap">⟨<span lang="zh-Hans">？</span>⟩</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1077953707"><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠐ (braille pattern dots-5) U+2810" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠐</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠄ (braille pattern dots-3) U+2804" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠄</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>exclamation mark <span class="nowrap">⟨<span lang="zh-Hans">！</span>⟩</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1077953707"><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠰ (braille pattern dots-56) U+2830" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠰</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠂ (braille pattern dots-2) U+2802" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠂</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>wave dash <span class="nowrap">⟨<span lang="zh-Hans">〜</span>⟩</span></td> <td><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠤ (braille pattern dots-36) U+2824" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠤</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>interpunct <span class="nowrap">⟨<span lang="zh-Hans">·</span>⟩</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1077953707"><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠐ (braille pattern dots-5) U+2810" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠐</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠂ (braille pattern dots-2) U+2802" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠂</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>colon <span class="nowrap">⟨<span lang="zh-Hans">：</span>⟩</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1077953707"><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠠ (braille pattern dots-6) U+2820" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠠</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠄ (braille pattern dots-3) U+2804" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠄</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>semicolon <span class="nowrap">⟨<span lang="zh-Hans">；</span>⟩</span></td> <td><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠰ (braille pattern dots-56) U+2830" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠰</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ellipsis <span class="nowrap">⟨<span lang="zh-Hans">……</span>⟩</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1077953707"><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠐ (braille pattern dots-5) U+2810" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠐</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠐ (braille pattern dots-5) U+2810" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠐</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠐ (braille pattern dots-5) U+2810" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠐</span> </td></tr></tbody></table></dd></dl> <dl><dd><table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th></th> <th>Outer</th> <th>Inner </th></tr> <tr> <td>quotation marks <span lang="zh-Hans">「 ... 」</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1077953707"><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠰ (braille pattern dots-56) U+2830" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠰</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠄ (braille pattern dots-3) U+2804" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠄</span> ... <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1077953707"><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠠ (braille pattern dots-6) U+2820" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠠</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠆ (braille pattern dots-23) U+2806" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠆</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1077953707"><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠰ (braille pattern dots-56) U+2830" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠰</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠢ (braille pattern dots-26) U+2822" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠢</span> ... <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1077953707"><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠔ (braille pattern dots-35) U+2814" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠔</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠆ (braille pattern dots-23) U+2806" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠆</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>title quotes <span lang="zh-Hans">《 ... 》</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1077953707"><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠐ (braille pattern dots-5) U+2810" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠐</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠤ (braille pattern dots-36) U+2824" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠤</span> ... <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1077953707"><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠤ (braille pattern dots-36) U+2824" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠤</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠂ (braille pattern dots-2) U+2802" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠂</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1077953707"><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠐ (braille pattern dots-5) U+2810" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠐</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠄ (braille pattern dots-3) U+2804" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠄</span> ... <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1077953707"><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠠ (braille pattern dots-6) U+2820" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠠</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠂ (braille pattern dots-2) U+2802" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠂</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>parentheses <span lang="zh-Hans">（ ... ）</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1077953707"><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠰ (braille pattern dots-56) U+2830" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠰</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠤ (braille pattern dots-36) U+2824" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠤</span> ... <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1077953707"><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠤ (braille pattern dots-36) U+2824" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠤</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠆ (braille pattern dots-23) U+2806" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠆</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1077953707"><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠰ (braille pattern dots-56) U+2830" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠰</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠦ (braille pattern dots-236) U+2826" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠦</span> ... <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1077953707"><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠴ (braille pattern dots-356) U+2834" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠴</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠆ (braille pattern dots-23) U+2806" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠆</span> </td></tr></tbody></table></dd></dl> <dl><dd><table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td>square brackets <span lang="zh-Hans">〔 ... 〕</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1077953707"><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠰ (braille pattern dots-56) U+2830" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠰</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠆ (braille pattern dots-23) U+2806" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠆</span> ... <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1077953707"><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠰ (braille pattern dots-56) U+2830" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠰</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠆ (braille pattern dots-23) U+2806" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠆</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>dashes <span lang="zh-Hans">—— ... ——</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1077953707"><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠠ (braille pattern dots-6) U+2820" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠠</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠤ (braille pattern dots-36) U+2824" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠤</span> ... <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1077953707"><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠤ (braille pattern dots-36) U+2824" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠤</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠄ (braille pattern dots-3) U+2804" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠄</span> </td></tr></tbody></table></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Two-cell_Chinese_Braille&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">From Japanese Braille came the idea of an abugida-like approach to rendering syllables.<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.bolearn.com/read/68cecf5a7f764e0b139a2a08.html">[1]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFlanguagehat_at_March_3,_2008_11:05_AM2008" class="citation web cs1">languagehat at March 3, 2008 11:05 AM (2008-03-03). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.languagehat.com/archives/003051.php">"Japanese Braille"</a>. languagehat.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-08-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Japanese+Braille&rft.pub=languagehat.com&rft.date=2008-03-03&rft.au=languagehat+at+March+3%2C+2008+11%3A05+AM&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.languagehat.com%2Farchives%2F003051.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwo-cell+Chinese+Braille" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zgmx.org.cn/before/NewsDefault-17625.html"><span lang="zh-Hans">汉语双拼盲文方案</span></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The reverse of <span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠮ (braille pattern dots-2346) U+282E" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠮</span> <i>ǒ</i>, <i>ě</i>, which is used for <i>yě</i>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Braille_⠃⠗⠁⠊⠇⠇⠑" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Braille" title="Template:Braille"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Braille" title="Template talk:Braille"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Braille" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Braille"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Braille_⠃⠗⠁⠊⠇⠇⠑" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Braille" title="Braille">Braille</a><span style="padding-left:0.5em;"> </span>⠃⠗⠁⠊⠇⠇⠑</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Braille cell</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1829_braille" title="1829 braille">1829 braille</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_uniformity_of_braille_alphabets" title="International uniformity of braille alphabets">International uniformity</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_ASCII" title="Braille ASCII">ASCII braille</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_Patterns" title="Braille Patterns">Unicode braille patterns</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Braille scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:French-ordered_braille_alphabets" title="Category:French-ordered braille alphabets">French-ordered</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Braille" title="Albanian Braille">Albanian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Azeri_Braille" class="mw-redirect" title="Azeri Braille">Azerbaijani</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_Braille" title="Cantonese Braille">Cantonese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Catalan_Braille" title="Catalan Braille">Catalan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mainland_Chinese_Braille" title="Mainland Chinese Braille">Chinese (mainland Mandarin)</a> (largely reassigned)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Czech_Braille" title="Czech Braille">Czech</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Braille" title="Dutch Braille">Dutch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/English_Braille" title="English Braille">English</a> (<a href="/wiki/Unified_English_Braille" title="Unified English Braille">Unified English</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Esperanto_Braille" title="Esperanto Braille">Esperanto</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/French_Braille" title="French Braille">French</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_Braille" title="German Braille">German</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ghanaian_braille" title="Ghanaian braille">Ghanaian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Guarani_Braille" title="Guarani Braille">Guarani</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_Braille" title="Hawaiian Braille">Hawaiian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Braille" title="Hungarian Braille">Hungarian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/I%C3%B1upiaq_Braille" title="Iñupiaq Braille">Iñupiaq</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/IPA_Braille" title="IPA Braille">IPA</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Irish_Braille" title="Irish Braille">Irish</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Italian_Braille" title="Italian Braille">Italian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Latvian_Braille" title="Latvian Braille">Latvian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Braille" title="Lithuanian Braille">Lithuanian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luxembourgish_Braille" title="Luxembourgish Braille">Luxembourgish</a> (extended to 8-dot)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Maltese_Braille" title="Maltese Braille">Maltese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_Braille" title="Māori Braille">Māori</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Navajo_Braille" title="Navajo Braille">Navajo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_braille" title="Nigerian braille">Nigerian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Braille" title="Philippine Braille">Philippine</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Polish_Braille" title="Polish Braille">Polish</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Braille" title="Portuguese Braille">Portuguese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Braille" title="Romanian Braille">Romanian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Samoan_Braille" title="Samoan Braille">Samoan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Braille" title="Slovak Braille">Slovak</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_African_braille" title="South African braille">South African</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Braille" title="Spanish Braille">Spanish</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Braille" title="Taiwanese Braille">Taiwanese Mandarin</a> (largely reassigned)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Braille" title="Turkish Braille">Turkish</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_Braille" title="Vietnamese Braille">Vietnamese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Braille" title="Welsh Braille">Welsh</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Braille" title="Yugoslav Braille">Yugoslav</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Zambian_Braille" title="Zambian Braille">Zambian</a></span></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nordic family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Braille" title="Estonian Braille">Estonian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Faroese_Braille" title="Faroese Braille">Faroese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_Braille" title="Icelandic Braille">Icelandic</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Scandinavian_Braille" title="Scandinavian Braille">Scandinavian</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">Danish</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Finnish</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Greenlandic</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Northern_S%C3%A1mi_Braille" title="Northern Sámi Braille">Northern Sámi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Norwegian</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Swedish</span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Russian lineage family<br />i.e. <a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_alphabets" title="Cyrillic alphabets">Cyrillic</a>-mediated scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Braille" title="Belarusian Braille">Belarusian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Braille" title="Bulgarian Braille">Bulgarian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_Braille" title="Kazakh Braille">Kazakh</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_Braille" title="Kyrgyz Braille">Kyrgyz</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_Braille" title="Mongolian Braille">Mongolian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Russian_Braille" title="Russian Braille">Russian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tatar_Braille" title="Tatar Braille">Tatar</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Braille" title="Ukrainian Braille">Ukrainian</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Egyptian lineage family<br />i.e. <a href="/wiki/Arabic_script" title="Arabic script">Arabic</a>-mediated scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arabic_Braille" title="Arabic Braille">Arabic</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Persian_Braille" title="Persian Braille">Persian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Urdu_Braille" title="Urdu Braille">Urdu</a> (Pakistan)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indian lineage family<br />i.e. <a href="/wiki/Bharati_Braille" title="Bharati Braille">Bharati Braille</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Devanagari_Braille" title="Devanagari Braille">Devanagari (Hindi / Marathi / Nepali)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bengali_Braille" title="Bengali Braille">Bengali (Bangla / Assamese)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_Braille" title="Gujarati Braille">Gujarati</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kannada_Braille" title="Kannada Braille">Kannada</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Malayalam_Braille" title="Malayalam Braille">Malayalam</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Odia_Braille" title="Odia Braille">Odia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Braille" title="Punjabi Braille">Punjabi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sinhala_Braille" title="Sinhala Braille">Sinhala</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Braille" title="Tamil Braille">Tamil</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Telugu_Braille" title="Telugu Braille">Telugu</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Urdu_Braille" title="Urdu Braille">Urdu</a> (India)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ge%27ez_Braille" class="mw-redirect" title="Ge'ez Braille">Amharic</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Braille" title="Armenian Braille">Armenian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Burmese_Braille" title="Burmese Braille">Burmese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dzongkha_Braille" title="Dzongkha Braille">Dzongkha</a> (Bhutanese)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Braille" title="Georgian Braille">Georgian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Greek_Braille" title="Greek Braille">Greek</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Braille" title="Hebrew Braille">Hebrew</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Inuktitut_Braille" title="Inuktitut Braille">Inuktitut</a> (reassigned vowels)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Khmer_Braille" title="Khmer Braille">Khmer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thai_and_Lao_Braille" title="Thai and Lao Braille">Thai and Lao</a> (Japanese vowels)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Braille" title="Tibetan Braille">Tibetan</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reordered</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Algerian_Braille" title="Algerian Braille">Algerian Braille</a> (obsolete)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Frequency-based</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/American_Braille" title="American Braille">American Braille</a> (obsolete)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Independent</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">Chinese semi-syllabaries</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_Braille" title="Cantonese Braille">Cantonese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mainland_Chinese_Braille" title="Mainland Chinese Braille">Mainland Chinese Mandarin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Braille" title="Taiwanese Braille">Taiwanese Mandarin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Two-cell Chinese (Shuangpin)</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Braille" title="Japanese Braille">Japanese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Korean_Braille" title="Korean Braille">Korean</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eight-dot</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luxembourgish_Braille" title="Luxembourgish Braille">Luxembourgish</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_kanji" title="Braille kanji">Kanji</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gardner%E2%80%93Salinas_braille_codes" title="Gardner–Salinas braille codes">Gardner–Salinas braille codes</a> (GS8)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Symbols in braille</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_music" title="Braille music">Braille music</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_currency_tactile_feature" title="Canadian currency tactile feature">Canadian currency marks</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Computer_Braille_Code" title="Computer Braille Code">Computer Braille Code</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gardner%E2%80%93Salinas_braille_codes" title="Gardner–Salinas braille codes">Gardner–Salinas braille codes</a> (science; GS8/GS6)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/IPA_Braille" title="IPA Braille">International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nemeth_Braille" title="Nemeth Braille">Nemeth braille code</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Braille_technology" title="Braille technology">Braille technology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_e-book" title="Braille e-book">Braille e-book</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_embosser" title="Braille embosser">Braille embosser</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_translator" title="Braille translator">Braille translator</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_watch" title="Braille watch">Braille watch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mountbatten_Brailler" title="Mountbatten Brailler">Mountbatten Brailler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Optical_braille_recognition" title="Optical braille recognition">Optical braille recognition</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Perforation" title="Perforation">Perforation</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Perkins_Brailler" title="Perkins Brailler">Perkins Brailler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Refreshable_braille_display" title="Refreshable braille display">Refreshable braille display</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Slate_and_stylus" title="Slate and stylus">Slate and stylus</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braigo" title="Braigo">Braigo</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Louis_Braille" title="Louis Braille">Louis Braille</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Barbier" title="Charles Barbier">Charles Barbier</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%B3%C5%BCa_Czacka" title="Róża Czacka">Róża Czacka</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Valentin_Ha%C3%BCy" title="Valentin Haüy">Valentin Haüy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Harris_Mowbray" title="Harris Mowbray">Harris Mowbray</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thakur_Vishva_Narain_Singh" title="Thakur Vishva Narain Singh">Thakur Vishva Narain Singh</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sabriye_Tenberken" title="Sabriye Tenberken">Sabriye Tenberken</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Bell_Wait" title="William Bell Wait">William Bell Wait</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_Institute_of_America" title="Braille Institute of America">Braille Institute of America</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_Without_Borders" title="Braille Without Borders">Braille Without Borders</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japan_Braille_Library" title="Japan Braille Library">Japan Braille Library</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Braille_Association" title="National Braille Association">National Braille Association</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Category:Blindness_organizations" title="Category:Blindness organizations">Blindness organizations</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Category:Schools_for_the_blind" title="Category:Schools for the blind">Schools for the blind</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/American_Printing_House_for_the_Blind" title="American Printing House for the Blind">American Printing House for the Blind</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other <a href="/wiki/Tactile_alphabet" title="Tactile alphabet">tactile alphabets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Decapoint" title="Decapoint">Decapoint</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Moon_type" title="Moon type">Moon type</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/New_York_Point" title="New York Point">New York Point</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Night_writing" title="Night writing">Night writing</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vibratese" title="Vibratese">Vibratese</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Accessible_publishing" title="Accessible publishing">Accessible publishing</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_literacy" title="Braille literacy">Braille literacy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/RoboBraille" title="RoboBraille">RoboBraille</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Chinese_language" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background: #e0e0b0;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Chinese_language" title="Template:Chinese language"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Chinese_language" title="Template talk:Chinese language"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Chinese_language" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Chinese language"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Chinese_language" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese language</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background: #e0e0b0;"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Sinitic_languages" title="Sinitic languages">Sinitic languages</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #e0e0b0;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Varieties_of_Chinese" title="Varieties of Chinese">Major groups</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mandarin_Chinese" title="Mandarin Chinese">Mandarin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_Mandarin" title="Northeastern Mandarin">Northeastern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Changchun_dialect" title="Changchun dialect">Changchun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harbin_dialect" title="Harbin dialect">Harbin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenyang_Mandarin" title="Shenyang Mandarin">Shenyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taz_dialect" title="Taz dialect">Taz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Beijing_Mandarin_(division_of_Mandarin)" title="Beijing Mandarin (division of Mandarin)">Beijing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beijing_dialect" title="Beijing dialect">Beijing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Mandarin" title="Taiwanese Mandarin">Taiwan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Jilu_Mandarin" title="Jilu Mandarin">Jilu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tianjin_dialect" title="Tianjin dialect">Tianjin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinan_dialect" title="Jinan dialect">Jinan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Jiaoliao_Mandarin" title="Jiaoliao Mandarin">Jiaoliao</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dalian_dialect" title="Dalian dialect">Dalian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingdao_dialect" title="Qingdao dialect">Qingdao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weihai_dialect" title="Weihai dialect">Weihai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Central_Plains_Mandarin" title="Central Plains Mandarin">Central Plains</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dongping_dialect" title="Dongping dialect">Dongping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gangou_language" title="Gangou language">Gangou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guanzhong_dialect" title="Guanzhong dialect">Guanzhong</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xi%27an_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Xi'an dialect">Xi'an</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luoyang_dialect" title="Luoyang dialect">Luoyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuzhou_dialect" title="Xuzhou dialect">Xuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dungan_language" title="Dungan language">Dungan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinjiang_Mandarin" title="Xinjiang Mandarin">Xinjiang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Southwestern_Mandarin" title="Southwestern Mandarin">Southwestern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sichuanese_dialects" title="Sichuanese dialects">Sichuanese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chengdu-Chongqing_dialect" title="Chengdu-Chongqing dialect">Chengdu–Chongqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minjiang_dialect" title="Minjiang dialect">Minjiang</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leshan_dialect" title="Leshan dialect">Leshan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renshou%E2%80%93Fushun_Mandarin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Renshou–Fushun Mandarin (page does not exist)">Renshou–Fushun</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zigong_dialect" title="Zigong dialect">Zigong</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunming_dialect" title="Kunming dialect">Kunming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanping_dialect" title="Nanping dialect">Nanping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuhan_dialect" title="Wuhan dialect">Wuhan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gui%E2%80%93Liu_Mandarin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gui–Liu Mandarin (page does not exist)">Gui–Liu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wuming_Mandarin" title="Wuming Mandarin">Wuming</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Lower_Yangtze_Mandarin" title="Lower Yangtze Mandarin">Jianghuai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_dialect" title="Nanjing dialect">Nanjing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nantong_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Nantong dialect">Nantong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanping_dialect" title="Nanping dialect">Nanping</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Lanyin_Mandarin" title="Lanyin Mandarin">Lanyin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lanzhou_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lanzhou dialect (page does not exist)">Lanzhou dialect</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%B0%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D" class="extiw" title="zh:兰州话">zh</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Urumqi_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Urumqi dialect (page does not exist)">Urumqi dialect</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E9%B2%81%E6%9C%A8%E9%BD%90%E8%AF%9D" class="extiw" title="zh:乌鲁木齐话">zh</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinjiang_Mandarin" title="Xinjiang Mandarin">Xinjiang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Junjiahua" title="Junjiahua">Junjiahua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qinjiang_Mandarin" title="Qinjiang Mandarin">Qinjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gyami_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Gyami language">Gyami</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jin_Chinese" title="Jin Chinese">Jin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zhangjiakou%E2%80%93Hohhot_dialect" title="Zhangjiakou–Hohhot dialect">Zhangjiakou–Hohhot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhi-Yan_dialect" title="Zhi-Yan dialect">Zhi–Yan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wu_Chinese" title="Wu Chinese">Wu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Taihu_Wu" title="Taihu Wu">Taihu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shanghainese" title="Shanghainese">Shanghai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzhou_dialect" title="Suzhou dialect">Suzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuxi_dialect" title="Wuxi dialect">Wuxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changzhou_dialect" title="Changzhou dialect">Changzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hangzhou_dialect" title="Hangzhou dialect">Hangzhou</a> (?)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaoxing_dialect" title="Shaoxing dialect">Shaoxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ningbo_dialect" title="Ningbo dialect">Ningbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinxiang_dialect" title="Jinxiang dialect">Jinxiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiangyin_dialect" title="Jiangyin dialect">Jiangyin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadi_dialect" title="Shadi dialect">Shadi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Taizhou_Wu" title="Taizhou Wu">Taizhou Wu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taizhou_dialect" title="Taizhou dialect">Taizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiantai_dialect" title="Tiantai dialect">Tiantai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Oujiang</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wenzhounese" title="Wenzhounese">Wenzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rui%27an_dialect" title="Rui'an dialect">Rui'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wencheng_dialect" title="Wencheng dialect">Wencheng</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Wuzhou_Wu" title="Wuzhou Wu">Wuzhou</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jinhua_dialect" title="Jinhua dialect">Jinhua</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Chu%E2%80%93Qu_Wu" title="Chu–Qu Wu">Chu–Qu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quzhou_dialect" title="Quzhou dialect">Quzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiangshan_dialect" title="Jiangshan dialect">Jiangshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingtian_dialect" title="Qingtian dialect">Qingtian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Xuanzhou_Wu_dialects" class="mw-redirect" title="Xuanzhou Wu dialects">Xuanzhou</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xuancheng_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Xuancheng dialect">Xuancheng</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Huizhou_Chinese" title="Huizhou Chinese">Hui</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ji-She&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ji-She (page does not exist)">Ji-She</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BB%A9%E6%AD%99%E7%89%87" class="extiw" title="zh:绩歙片">zh</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiu-Yi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xiu-Yi (page does not exist)">Xiu-Yi</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%91%E9%BB%9F%E7%89%87" class="extiw" title="zh:休黟片">zh</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qi-De&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qi-De (page does not exist)">Qi-De</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A5%81%E5%A9%BA%E7%89%87" class="extiw" title="zh:祁婺片">zh</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yanzhou_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yanzhou dialect (page does not exist)">Yanzhou</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%8C%E5%8D%A0%E7%89%87" class="extiw" title="zh:旌占片">zh</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jing-Zhan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jing-Zhan (page does not exist)">Jing-Zhan</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%A5%E5%B7%9E%E7%89%87" class="extiw" title="zh:严州片">zh</a>]</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gan_Chinese" title="Gan Chinese">Gan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chang%E2%80%93Du_Gan" title="Chang–Du Gan">Chang–Du</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nanchang_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanchang dialect">Nanchang</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yi%E2%80%93Liu_Gan" title="Yi–Liu Gan">Yi–Liu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ying%E2%80%93Yi_Gan" title="Ying–Yi Gan">Ying–Yi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Da%E2%80%93Tong_Gan" title="Da–Tong Gan">Da–Tong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Xiang_Chinese" title="Xiang Chinese">Xiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Xiang" title="New Xiang">Changyi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Changsha_dialect" title="Changsha dialect">Changsha</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Xiang" title="Old Xiang">Loushao</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shuangfeng_dialect" title="Shuangfeng dialect">Shuangfeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiangxiang_dialect" title="Xiangxiang dialect">Xiangxiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wugang_dialect" title="Wugang dialect">Wugang</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ji%E2%80%93Xu_Xiang" title="Ji–Xu Xiang">Ji–Xu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yong%E2%80%93Quan_Xiang" title="Yong–Quan Xiang">Yong–Quan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qiyang_dialect" title="Qiyang dialect">Qiyang</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Min_Chinese" title="Min Chinese">Min</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Min" title="Eastern Min">Eastern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Houguan_language_group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Houguan language group (page does not exist)">Houguan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fuzhou_dialect" title="Fuzhou dialect">Fuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuqing_dialect" title="Fuqing dialect">Fuqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changle_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Changle dialect">Changle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gutian_dialect" title="Gutian dialect">Gutian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matsu_dialect" title="Matsu dialect">Matsu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fu%E2%80%93Ning_language_group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fu–Ning language group (page does not exist)">Fu–Ning</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ningde_dialect" title="Ningde dialect">Ningde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fu%27an_dialect" title="Fu'an dialect">Fu'an</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manjiang_dialect" title="Manjiang dialect">Manjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongshan_Min" title="Zhongshan Min">Zhongshan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Longdu_dialect" title="Longdu dialect">Longdu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanlang_dialect" title="Nanlang dialect">Nanlang</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Min" title="Southern Min">Southern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hokkien" title="Hokkien">Hokkien</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quanzhou_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Quanzhou dialect">Quanzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangzhou_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhangzhou dialect">Zhangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amoy_dialect" title="Amoy dialect">Amoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chawan_dialect" title="Chawan dialect">Chawan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Hokkien" title="Taiwanese Hokkien">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Hokkien" title="Philippine Hokkien">Philippine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medan_Hokkien" title="Medan Hokkien">Pedan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penang_Hokkien" title="Penang Hokkien">Penang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singaporean_Hokkien" title="Singaporean Hokkien">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Peninsular_Malaysian_Hokkien" title="Southern Peninsular Malaysian Hokkien">Malaysian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Teochew_Min" title="Teochew Min">Teochew</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swatow_dialect" title="Swatow dialect">Swatow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haklau_Min" title="Haklau Min">Haklau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Zhongshan_Min" title="Zhongshan Min">Zhongshan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sanxiang_dialect" title="Sanxiang dialect">Sanxiang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zhenan_Min" title="Zhenan Min">Zhenan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longyan_Min" class="mw-redirect" title="Longyan Min">Longyan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Min" title="Northern Min">Northern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jian%27ou_dialect" title="Jian'ou dialect">Jian'ou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jianyang_dialect" title="Jianyang dialect">Jianyang</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Min" title="Central Min">Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pu%E2%80%93Xian_Min" title="Pu–Xian Min">Pu–Xian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shao%E2%80%93Jiang_Min" title="Shao–Jiang Min">Shao–Jiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leizhou_Min" title="Leizhou Min">Leizhou</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zhanjiang_dialect" title="Zhanjiang dialect">Zhanjiang</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hainanese" title="Hainanese">Hainan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wenchang_dialect" title="Wenchang dialect">Wenchang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haikou_dialect" title="Haikou dialect">Haikou</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Banqiao_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Banqiao dialect (page does not exist)">Banqiao</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hakka_Chinese" title="Hakka Chinese">Hakka</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meixian_dialect" title="Meixian dialect">Meixian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuhua_dialect" title="Wuhua dialect">Wuhua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huizhou_dialect" title="Huizhou dialect">Huizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tingzhou_dialect" title="Tingzhou dialect">Tingzhou</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Changting_dialect" title="Changting dialect">Changting</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Hakka" title="Taiwanese Hakka">Taiwanese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sixian_dialect" title="Sixian dialect">Sixian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hailu_dialect" title="Hailu dialect">Hailu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raoping_Hakka" title="Raoping Hakka">Raoping</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yue_Chinese" title="Yue Chinese">Yue</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Yuehai_dialects" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuehai dialects">Yuehai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Guangzhou</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Cantonese" title="Hong Kong Cantonese">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Cantonese" title="Malaysian Cantonese">Malaysia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiguan_dialect" title="Xiguan dialect">Xiguan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiujiang_dialect" title="Jiujiang dialect">Jiujiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiqi_dialect" title="Shiqi dialect">Shiqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weitou_dialect" title="Weitou dialect">Weitou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dapeng_dialect" title="Dapeng dialect">Dapeng</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Siyi_Yue" title="Siyi Yue">Siyi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taishanese" title="Taishanese">Taishan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xinhui_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xinhui dialect (page does not exist)">Xinhui</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gao%E2%80%93Yang_Yue" title="Gao–Yang Yue">Gao–Yang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goulou_Yue" title="Goulou Yue">Goulou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wu%E2%80%93Hua_Yue" title="Wu–Hua Yue">Wu–Hua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yong%E2%80%93Xun_Yue" title="Yong–Xun Yue">Yong–Xun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luo%E2%80%93Guang_Yue" title="Luo–Guang Yue">Luo–Guang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qin%E2%80%93Lian_Yue" title="Qin–Lian Yue">Qin–Lian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pinghua" title="Pinghua">Pinghua</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pinghua#Dialects" title="Pinghua">Northern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tongdao_Pinghua" title="Tongdao Pinghua">Tongdao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Younian_dialect" title="Younian dialect">Younian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinghua#Dialects" title="Pinghua">Southern</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yongjiang_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yongjiang dialect (page does not exist)">Yongjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guandao_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guandao dialect (page does not exist)">Guandao</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rongjiang_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rongjiang dialect (page does not exist)">Rongjiang</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%">Unclassified</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shaozhou_Tuhua" title="Shaozhou Tuhua">Shaozhou Tuhua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiangnan_Tuhua" title="Xiangnan Tuhua">Xiangnan Tuhua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badong_Yao_language" title="Badong Yao language">Badong Yao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danzhou_dialect" title="Danzhou dialect">Danzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mai_Chinese" title="Mai Chinese">Mai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/She_Chinese" title="She Chinese">Shehua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waxiang_Chinese" title="Waxiang Chinese">Waxiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeheni_language" title="Yeheni language">Yeheni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huizhou_dialect" title="Huizhou dialect">Huizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bai_language" title="Bai language">Bai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cai%E2%80%93Long_languages" title="Cai–Long languages">Cai-Long</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caijia_language" title="Caijia language">Caijia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longjia_language" title="Longjia language">Longjia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luren_language" title="Luren language">Luren</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuanqing_people#Language" title="Chuanqing people">Laobeizi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_sinitic_languages-en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Map_of_sinitic_languages-en.svg/350px-Map_of_sinitic_languages-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="785" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Map_of_sinitic_languages-en.svg/525px-Map_of_sinitic_languages-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Map_of_sinitic_languages-en.svg/700px-Map_of_sinitic_languages-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="920" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #e0e0b0;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_national_standards_of_Chinese" title="Comparison of national standards of Chinese">Standard<br />forms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Chinese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sichuanese_Standard_Chinese" title="Sichuanese Standard Chinese">Sichuanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Mandarin" title="Taiwanese Mandarin">Taiwanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Mandarin" class="mw-redirect" title="Philippine Mandarin">Philippine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Mandarin" title="Malaysian Mandarin">Malaysian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singaporean_Mandarin" title="Singaporean Mandarin">Singaporean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Singaporean_Mandarin" title="Standard Singaporean Mandarin">Standard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singdarin" title="Singdarin">Singdarin</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Cantonese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hokkien" title="Hokkien">Hokkien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakka" class="mw-redirect" title="Hakka">Hakka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #e0e0b0;;width:1%">Phonology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Historical_Chinese_phonology" title="Historical Chinese phonology">Historical</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Chinese_phonology" title="Old Chinese phonology">Old</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_National_Pronunciation" title="Old National Pronunciation">Old National</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_phonology" title="Cantonese phonology">Cantonese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hokkien_phonology" title="Hokkien phonology">Hokkien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Wu_phonology" title="Northern Wu phonology">Northern Wu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese_phonology" title="Standard Chinese phonology">Mandarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literary_and_colloquial_readings_of_Chinese_characters" class="mw-redirect" title="Literary and colloquial readings of Chinese characters">Literary and colloquial readings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #e0e0b0;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_grammar" title="Chinese grammar">Grammar</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_numerals" title="Chinese numerals">Numerals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_classifier" title="Chinese classifier">Classifiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_honorifics" title="Chinese honorifics">Honorifics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_grammar" title="Cantonese grammar">Cantonese grammar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_Chinese_grammar" title="Classical Chinese grammar">Classical grammar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #e0e0b0;;width:1%">Idioms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Chengyu" title="Chengyu">Chengyu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Xiehouyu" title="Xiehouyu">Xiehouyu</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #e0e0b0;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_input_methods_for_computers" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese input methods for computers">Input</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biaoxingma_method" title="Biaoxingma method">Biaoxingma</a></li> <li>Boshiamy</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cangjie_input_method" title="Cangjie input method">Cangjie</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Simplified_Cangjie" title="Simplified Cangjie">Simplified</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CKC_Chinese_Input_System" title="CKC Chinese Input System">CKC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayi_method" title="Dayi method">Dayi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinyin_method" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinyin method">Pinyin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Pinyin" title="Google Pinyin">Google</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Pinyin_IME" title="Microsoft Pinyin IME">Microsoft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sogou_Pinyin" title="Sogou Pinyin">Sogou</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stroke_count_method" title="Stroke count method">Stroke count</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wubi_method" title="Wubi method">Wubi (Wang Ma)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhengma_method" title="Zhengma method">ZhengMa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #e0e0b0;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Chinese_language" title="History of the Chinese language">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Chinese" title="Old Chinese">Old Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Han_Chinese" title="Eastern Han Chinese">Eastern Han</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Chinese" title="Middle Chinese">Middle Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Mandarin" title="Old Mandarin">Old Mandarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandarin_(late_imperial_lingua_franca)" title="Mandarin (late imperial lingua franca)">Middle Mandarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Min" title="Proto-Min">Proto-Min</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Hakka" title="Proto-Hakka">Proto-Hakka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ba%E2%80%93Shu_Chinese" title="Ba–Shu Chinese">Ba–Shu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Gan_Chinese" title="History of Gan Chinese">Gan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #e0e0b0;;width:1%">Literary<br /> forms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Official" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Official</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Classical_Chinese" title="Classical Chinese">Classical</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adoption_of_Chinese_literary_culture" title="Adoption of Chinese literary culture">Adoption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanbun" title="Kanbun">in Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literary_Chinese_in_Vietnam" title="Literary Chinese in Vietnam">in Vietnam</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Written_vernacular_Chinese" title="Written vernacular Chinese">Vernacular</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Written_Cantonese" title="Written Cantonese">Written Cantonese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dungan_alphabets" title="Dungan alphabets">Written Dungan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Written_Hokkien" title="Written Hokkien">Written Hokkien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sichuanese_characters" title="Sichuanese characters">Written Sichuanese</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #e0e0b0;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Written_Chinese" title="Written Chinese">Scripts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Logographic" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Logographic" class="mw-redirect" title="Logographic">Logographic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Script_styles" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Script_styles" class="mw-redirect" title="Script styles">Script styles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Oracle_bone_script" title="Oracle bone script">Oracle bone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_bronze_inscriptions" title="Chinese bronze inscriptions">Bronze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seal_script" title="Seal script">Seal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clerical_script" title="Clerical script">Clerical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semi-cursive_script" title="Semi-cursive script">Semi-cursive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cursive_script_(East_Asia)" title="Cursive script (East Asia)">Cursive</a></li> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_characters" title="Chinese characters">Chinese characters</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Simplified_characters" class="mw-redirect" title="Simplified characters">Simplified</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_characters" class="mw-redirect" title="Traditional characters">Traditional</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_punctuation" title="Chinese punctuation">Punctuation</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Braille" title="Braille">Braille</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_Braille" title="Cantonese Braille">Cantonese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainland_Chinese_Braille" title="Mainland Chinese Braille">Mainland Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Braille" title="Taiwanese Braille">Taiwanese</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Two-cell</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Phonetic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cyrillization_of_Chinese" title="Cyrillization of Chinese">Cyrillization</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dungan_language#Writing_system" title="Dungan language">Dungan Cyrillic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Chinese" title="Romanization of Chinese">Romanization</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gwoyeu_Romatzyh" title="Gwoyeu Romatzyh">Gwoyeu Romatzyh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandarin_Phonetic_Symbols_II" title="Mandarin Phonetic Symbols II">MPS II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_postal_romanization" title="Chinese postal romanization">Postal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongyong_Pinyin" title="Tongyong Pinyin">Tongyong Pinyin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EFEO_Chinese_transcription" title="EFEO Chinese transcription">EFEO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lessing-Othmer" title="Lessing-Othmer">Lessing-Othmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Mandarin" title="Yale romanization of Mandarin">Yale</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo">Bopomofo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_Bopomofo" class="mw-redirect" title="Cantonese Bopomofo">Cantonese Bopomofo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Phonetic_Symbols" title="Taiwanese Phonetic Symbols">Taiwanese Phonetic Symbols</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_kana" title="Taiwanese kana">Taiwanese kana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Hangul" title="Taiwanese Hangul">Taiwanese Hangul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiao%27erjing" title="Xiao'erjing">Xiao'erjing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%BCshu" title="Nüshu">Nüshu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background: #e0e0b0;"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_varieties_of_Chinese" title="List of varieties of Chinese">List of varieties of Chinese</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" 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