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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cityscape"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Cityscape </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cityscape-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Downtown" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Downtown"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.1 Downtown </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Downtown-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Climate </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Natural_disasters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Natural_disasters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Natural disasters </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Natural_disasters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2011_drought" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2011_drought"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3.1 2011 drought </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2011_drought-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2018_flooding_and_water_crisis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2018_flooding_and_water_crisis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3.2 2018 flooding and water crisis </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2018_flooding_and_water_crisis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2021_winter_storm" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2021_winter_storm"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3.3 2021 winter storm </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2021_winter_storm-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2023_winter_storm" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2023_winter_storm"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3.4 2023 winter storm </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2023_winter_storm-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Parks </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lady_Bird_Lake" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lady_Bird_Lake"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 Lady Bird Lake </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lady_Bird_Lake-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Barton_Creek_Greenbelt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Barton_Creek_Greenbelt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.6 Barton Creek Greenbelt </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Barton_Creek_Greenbelt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Swimming_holes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Swimming_holes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.7 Swimming holes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Swimming_holes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Other_parks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_parks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.7.1 Other parks </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_parks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Demographics </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Demographics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Race_and_ethnicity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Race_and_ethnicity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Race and ethnicity </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Race_and_ethnicity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sexual_orientation_and_gender_identity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sexual_orientation_and_gender_identity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Sexual orientation and gender identity </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sexual_orientation_and_gender_identity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Religion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Homelessness" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Homelessness"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Homelessness </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Homelessness-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Economy </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Economy subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Top_employers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Top_employers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Top employers </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Top_employers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Technology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Technology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Technology </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Technology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Transportation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Highways" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Highways"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3.1 Highways </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Highways-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tollways" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tollways"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3.2 Tollways </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tollways-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Airports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Airports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3.3 Airports </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Airports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Intercity_transit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Intercity_transit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3.4 Intercity transit </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Intercity_transit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3.5 Public transportation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ride_sharing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ride_sharing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3.6 Ride sharing </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ride_sharing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cycling_and_walking" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cycling_and_walking"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3.7 Cycling and walking </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cycling_and_walking-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parking_lots" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parking_lots"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3.8 Parking lots </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parking_lots-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Culture </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Culture subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Old_Austin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Old_Austin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Old Austin </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Old_Austin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Annual_cultural_events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Annual_cultural_events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Annual cultural events </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Annual_cultural_events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cuisine_and_breweries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cuisine_and_breweries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Cuisine and breweries </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cuisine_and_breweries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 Music </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Film" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Film"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.5 Film </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Film-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Theater" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Theater"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.6 Theater </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Theater-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Libraries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Libraries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.7 Libraries </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Libraries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Museums_and_other_points_of_interest" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Museums_and_other_points_of_interest"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.8 Museums and other points of interest </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Museums_and_other_points_of_interest-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.9 Sports </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Government </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Government-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Government subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-City_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#City_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 City government </div> </a> <ul id="toc-City_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Crime" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crime"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Crime </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Crime-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notable_incidents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_incidents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2.1 Notable incidents </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_incidents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_levels_of_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_levels_of_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Other levels of government </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_levels_of_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.4 Politics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Issues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Issues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.4.1 Issues </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Issues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Environmental_movement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Environmental_movement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.4.2 Environmental movement </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Environmental_movement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Education </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Education-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Education subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Higher_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Higher_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Higher education </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Higher_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_primary_and_secondary_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_primary_and_secondary_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Public primary and secondary education </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_primary_and_secondary_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Private_and_alternative_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Private_and_alternative_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 Private and alternative education </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Private_and_alternative_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Media </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Notable people </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 International relations </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-International_relations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle International relations subsection </button> <ul id="toc-International_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.1 Sister cities </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Friendship_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Friendship_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.2 Friendship cities </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Friendship_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Austin, Texas</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 145 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-145" aria-hidden="true" > 145 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austin,_Texas" title="Austin, Texas – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Austin, Texas" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A6%E1%88%B5%E1%89%B2%E1%8A%95%E1%8D%A3_%E1%89%B4%E1%8A%AD%E1%88%B3%E1%88%B5" title="ኦስቲን፣ ቴክሳስ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ኦስቲን፣ ቴክሳስ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austin" title="Austin – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Austin" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Anarâškielâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%92ast%C5%ABnburh" title="Ēastūnburh – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Ēastūnburh" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86_(%D8%AA%D9%83%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B3)" title="أوستن (تكساس) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أوستن (تكساس)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austin" title="Austin – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Austin" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austin" title="Austin – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Austin" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austin" title="Austin – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Austin" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostin_(Texas)" title="Ostin (Texas) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ostin (Texas)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%8C_%D8%AA%DA%AF%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="آستین، تگزاس – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آستین، تگزاس" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austin_(Texas)" title="Austin (Texas) – Bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Austin (Texas)" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="Bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bamanankan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8" title="অস্টিন – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="অস্টিন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austin" title="Austin – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Austin" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BD" title="Остын – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Остын" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BD_(%D0%A2%D1%8D%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%81)" title="Остын (Тэхас) – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Остын (Тэхас)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austin,_Texas" title="Austin, Texas – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Austin, Texas" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bislama</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Остин – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Остин" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austin" title="Austin – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Austin" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austin_(Teksas)" title="Austin (Teksas) – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Austin (Teksas)" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austin_(Texas)" title="Austin (Texas) – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Austin (Texas)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austin" title="Austin – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Austin" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_(%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%81)" title="Остин (Техас) – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Остин (Техас)" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austin,_Texas" title="Austin, Texas – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Austin, Texas" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austin" title="Austin – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Austin" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austin,_Texas" title="Austin, Texas – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Austin, Texas" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiTumbuka</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austin_(Texas)" title="Austin (Texas) – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Austin (Texas)" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austin" title="Austin – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Austin" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austin_(Texas)" title="Austin (Texas) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Austin (Texas)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austin" title="Austin – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Austin" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austin" title="Austin – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Austin" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%8C%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BD_(%CE%A4%CE%AD%CE%BE%CE%B1%CF%82)" title="Όστιν (Τέξας) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Όστιν (Τέξας)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austin" title="Austin – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Austin" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Emiliàn e rumagnòl</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austin" title="Austin – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Austin" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C5%ADstino" title="Aŭstino – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Aŭstino" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austin_(Texas)" title="Austin (Texas) – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Austin (Texas)" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target">Estremeñu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austin" title="Austin – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Austin" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86_(%D8%AA%DA%AF%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B3)" title="آستین (تگزاس) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آستین (تگزاس)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austin" title="Austin – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Austin" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austin_(Texas)" title="Austin (Texas) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Austin (Texas)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austin_(Teksas)" title="Austin (Teksas) – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Austin (Teksas)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austin,_Texas" title="Austin, Texas – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Austin, Texas" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austin" title="Austin – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Austin" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austin,_Texas" title="Austin, Texas – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Austin, Texas" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E6%96%AF%E6%B1%80" title="奧斯汀 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="奧斯汀" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target">贛語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%86_(%D8%AA%DA%AF%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B3)" title="آستين (تگزاس) – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="آستين (تگزاس)" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">گیلکی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8D%83%F0%90%8D%84%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%BD" title="𐌰𐌿𐍃𐍄𐌹𐌽 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌰𐌿𐍃𐍄𐌹𐌽" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target">𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austin" title="Austin – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Austin" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%98%A4%EC%8A%A4%ED%8B%B4_(%ED%85%8D%EC%82%AC%EC%8A%A4%EC%A3%BC)" title="오스틴 (텍사스주) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="오스틴 (텍사스주)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austin" title="Austin – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Austin" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%95%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%B6_(%D5%8F%D5%A5%D5%AD%D5%A1%D5%BD)" title="Օստին (Տեխաս) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Օստին (Տեխաս)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%91%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8,_%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8" title="ऑस्टिन, टेक्सास – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ऑस्टिन, टेक्सास" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austin_(Teksas)" title="Austin (Teksas) – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Austin (Teksas)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austin,_Texas" title="Austin, Texas – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Austin, Texas" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austin,_Texas" title="Austin, Texas – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Austin, Texas" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austin,_Texas" title="Austin, Texas – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Austin, Texas" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austin_(Texas)" title="Austin (Texas) – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Austin (Texas)" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austin_(Texas)" title="Austin (Texas) – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Austin (Texas)" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_(%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%81)" title="Остин (Техас) – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Остин (Техас)" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austin_(Texas)" title="Austin (Texas) – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Austin (Texas)" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austin" title="Austin – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Austin" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%99%D7%9F" title="אוסטין – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אוסטין" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austin,_Texas" title="Austin, Texas – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Austin, Texas" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ოსტინი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ოსტინი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Остин – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Остин" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austin,_Teksas" title="Austin, Teksas – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Austin, Teksas" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austin,_Texas" title="Austin, Texas – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Austin, Texas" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austin,_Texas" title="Austin, Texas – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Austin, Texas" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austin,_Teksas" title="Austin, Teksas – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Austin, Teksas" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_(%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%81)" title="Остин (Техас) – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Остин (Техас)" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кырык мары</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austin" title="Austin – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Austin" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austinopolis" title="Austinopolis – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Austinopolis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostina" title="Ostina – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ostina" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostinas" title="Ostinas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Ostinas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austin_(Texas)" title="Austin (Texas) – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Austin (Texas)" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austin_(Texas)" title="Austin (Texas) – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Austin (Texas)" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austin_(Texas)" title="Austin (Texas) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Austin (Texas)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_(%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%81)" title="Остин (Тексас) – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Остин (Тексас)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austin,_Texas" title="Austin, Texas – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Austin, Texas" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%93%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BB_(%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D)" title="ഓസ്റ്റിൻ (ടെക്സസ്) – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഓസ്റ്റിൻ (ടെക്സസ്)" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%91%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8_(%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8)" title="ऑस्टिन (टेक्सास) – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="ऑस्टिन (टेक्सास)" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ოსტინი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ოსტინი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86_(%D8%AA%D9%83%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B3)" title="اوستن (تكساس) – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اوستن (تكساس)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austin,_Texas" title="Austin, Texas – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Austin, Texas" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austin_(Texas)" title="Austin (Texas) – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Austin (Texas)" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Mirandés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_(%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%81)" title="Остин (Техас) – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Остин (Техас)" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austin_(Texas)" title="Austin (Texas) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Austin (Texas)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8,_%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8" title="अस्तिन, तेक्सास – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="अस्तिन, तेक्सास" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B9%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%83%B3_(%E3%83%86%E3%82%AD%E3%82%B5%E3%82%B9%E5%B7%9E)" title="オースティン (テキサス州) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="オースティン (テキサス州)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austin_(Texas)" title="Austin (Texas) – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Austin (Texas)" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Napulitano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_(%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%81)" title="Остин (Техас) – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Остин (Техас)" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austin" title="Austin – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Austin" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austin" title="Austin – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Austin" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austin" title="Austin – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Austin" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostin" title="Ostin – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Ostin" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A8,_%E0%A8%9F%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B8" title="ਆਸਟਿਨ, ਟੈਕਸਸ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਆਸਟਿਨ, ਟੈਕਸਸ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8" title="अस्टिन – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="अस्टिन" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target">पालि</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B3%D9%B9%D9%86" title="آسٹن – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="آسٹن" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austin" title="Austin – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Austin" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austin_(Texas)" title="Austin (Texas) – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Austin (Texas)" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austin" title="Austin – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Austin" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austin" title="Austin – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Austin" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austin,_Texas" title="Austin, Texas – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Austin, Texas" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austin" title="Austin – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Austin" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_(%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%81)" title="Остин (Техас) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Остин (Техас)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Остин – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Остин" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D" title="आस्टिन् – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="आस्टिन्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austin" title="Austin – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Austin" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austin,_Texas" title="Austin, Texas – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Austin, Texas" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austin" title="Austin – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Austin" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seeltersk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austin" title="Austin – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Austin" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austin_(Texas)" title="Austin (Texas) – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Austin (Texas)" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austin,_Texas" title="Austin, Texas – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Austin, Texas" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austin_(Texas)" title="Austin (Texas) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Austin (Texas)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austin,_Teksas" title="Austin, Teksas – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Austin, Teksas" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austin" title="Austin – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Austin" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austin" title="Austin – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Austin" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%8C_%D8%AA%DB%8E%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="ئۆستن، تێکساس – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئۆستن، تێکساس" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Остин – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Остин" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austin,_Texas" title="Austin, Texas – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Austin, Texas" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austin" title="Austin – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Austin" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austin" title="Austin – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Austin" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austin,_Texas" title="Austin, Texas – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Austin, Texas" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="ஆஸ்டின் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஆஸ்டின்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austin" title="Austin – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Austin" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Остин – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Остин" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" title="ออสติน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ออสติน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A0%E1%8F%8D%E1%8F%98%E1%8F%82" title="ᎠᏍᏘᏂ – Cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎠᏍᏘᏂ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᏣᎳᎩ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austin_(Texas)" title="Austin (Texas) – Cheyenne" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Austin (Texas)" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="Cheyenne" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tsetsêhestâhese</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austin" title="Austin – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Austin" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BD_(%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%81)" title="Остін (Техас) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Остін (Техас)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B3%D9%B9%D9%86%D8%8C_%D9%B9%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="آسٹن، ٹیکساس – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="آسٹن، ٹیکساس" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austin" title="Austin – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="Austin" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostin" title="Ostin – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Ostin" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostin_(Tehas)" title="Ostin (Tehas) – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Ostin (Tehas)" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" 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class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E6%96%AF%E6%B1%80" title="奥斯汀 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="奥斯汀" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%99%D7%9F" title="אסטין – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="אסטין" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austin" title="Austin – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Austin" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9F%AF%E5%A3%AB%E7%94%B8" title="柯士甸 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="柯士甸" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostins" title="Ostins – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Ostins" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E6%96%AF%E6%B1%80" title="奧斯汀 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="奧斯汀" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austin" title="Austin – Komering" lang="kge" 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Austin,_Texas&params=30_16_02_N_97_44_35_W_region:US-TX_type:city">30°16′02″N 97°44′35″W / 30.26722°N 97.74306°W / 30.26722; -97.74306</a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Austin,_TX&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Austin, TX">Austin, TX</a>)</div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Capital city of Texas</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Austin, United States" redirects here. For other places, see <a href="/wiki/Austin_(disambiguation)#United_States" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Austin (disambiguation)">Austin (disambiguation) § United States</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Austin Texas" redirects here. For The Johnny Winter album, see <a href="/wiki/The_Progressive_Blues_Experiment" title="The Progressive Blues Experiment">The Progressive Blues Experiment</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Austin_County,_Texas" title="Austin County, Texas">Austin County, Texas</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">State capital in Texas, United States</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Austin</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/List_of_capitals_in_the_United_States" title="List of capitals in the United States">State capital</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:272px;max-width:272px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:270px;max-width:270px"><div style="border:1;;height:150px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:View_of_Downtown_Austin_from_Pfluger_Pedestrian_Bridge_October_2022.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/View_of_Downtown_Austin_from_Pfluger_Pedestrian_Bridge_October_2022.jpg/268px-View_of_Downtown_Austin_from_Pfluger_Pedestrian_Bridge_October_2022.jpg" decoding="async" width="268" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/View_of_Downtown_Austin_from_Pfluger_Pedestrian_Bridge_October_2022.jpg/402px-View_of_Downtown_Austin_from_Pfluger_Pedestrian_Bridge_October_2022.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/View_of_Downtown_Austin_from_Pfluger_Pedestrian_Bridge_October_2022.jpg/536px-View_of_Downtown_Austin_from_Pfluger_Pedestrian_Bridge_October_2022.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3744" data-file-height="2106" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Downtown_Austin" title="Downtown Austin">Downtown Austin</a> skyline</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:134px;max-width:134px"><div style="border:1;;height:94px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:TexasStateCapitol-2010-02.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/TexasStateCapitol-2010-02.JPG/132px-TexasStateCapitol-2010-02.JPG" decoding="async" width="132" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/TexasStateCapitol-2010-02.JPG/198px-TexasStateCapitol-2010-02.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/TexasStateCapitol-2010-02.JPG/264px-TexasStateCapitol-2010-02.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2515" data-file-height="1796" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Texas_State_Capitol" title="Texas State Capitol">Texas State Capitol</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:134px;max-width:134px"><div style="border:1;;height:94px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:CongressAveBridge-Apr2010.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/CongressAveBridge-Apr2010.JPG/132px-CongressAveBridge-Apr2010.JPG" decoding="async" width="132" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/CongressAveBridge-Apr2010.JPG/198px-CongressAveBridge-Apr2010.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/CongressAveBridge-Apr2010.JPG/264px-CongressAveBridge-Apr2010.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2615" data-file-height="1867" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Ann_W._Richards_Congress_Avenue_Bridge" title="Ann W. Richards Congress Avenue Bridge">Congress Avenue Bridge</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:176px;max-width:176px"><div style="border:1;;height:67px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Darrell_K._Royal_Memorial_Stadium_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Darrell_K._Royal_Memorial_Stadium_-_panoramio.jpg/174px-Darrell_K._Royal_Memorial_Stadium_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="174" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Darrell_K._Royal_Memorial_Stadium_-_panoramio.jpg/261px-Darrell_K._Royal_Memorial_Stadium_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Darrell_K._Royal_Memorial_Stadium_-_panoramio.jpg/348px-Darrell_K._Royal_Memorial_Stadium_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4912" data-file-height="1920" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Darrell_K_Royal%E2%80%93Texas_Memorial_Stadium" title="Darrell K Royal–Texas Memorial Stadium">Darrell K Royal–Texas Memorial Stadium</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:92px;max-width:92px"><div style="border:1;;height:67px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Main_Building_at_The_University_of_Texas_at_Austin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Main_Building_at_The_University_of_Texas_at_Austin.jpg/90px-Main_Building_at_The_University_of_Texas_at_Austin.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Main_Building_at_The_University_of_Texas_at_Austin.jpg/135px-Main_Building_at_The_University_of_Texas_at_Austin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Main_Building_at_The_University_of_Texas_at_Austin.jpg/180px-Main_Building_at_The_University_of_Texas_at_Austin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Main_Building_(University_of_Texas_at_Austin)" title="Main Building (University of Texas at Austin)">Main Building</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Texas_at_Austin" title="University of Texas at Austin">University of Texas at Austin</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:146px;max-width:146px"><div style="border:1;;height:95px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Paramount_Theater_-_Austin,_Texas_-_DSC08308.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Paramount_Theater_-_Austin%2C_Texas_-_DSC08308.jpg/144px-Paramount_Theater_-_Austin%2C_Texas_-_DSC08308.jpg" decoding="async" width="144" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Paramount_Theater_-_Austin%2C_Texas_-_DSC08308.jpg/216px-Paramount_Theater_-_Austin%2C_Texas_-_DSC08308.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Paramount_Theater_-_Austin%2C_Texas_-_DSC08308.jpg/288px-Paramount_Theater_-_Austin%2C_Texas_-_DSC08308.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Paramount_Theatre_(Austin,_Texas)" title="Paramount Theatre (Austin, Texas)">Paramount Theatre</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:122px;max-width:122px"><div style="border:1;;height:95px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:AMOA-Laguna_Gloria.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/AMOA-Laguna_Gloria.jpg/120px-AMOA-Laguna_Gloria.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/AMOA-Laguna_Gloria.jpg/180px-AMOA-Laguna_Gloria.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/AMOA-Laguna_Gloria.jpg/240px-AMOA-Laguna_Gloria.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2368" data-file-height="1891" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Laguna_Gloria" title="Laguna Gloria">Laguna Gloria</a></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Austin,_Texas.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Austin"><img alt="Flag of Austin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Austin%2C_Texas.svg/135px-Flag_of_Austin%2C_Texas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="135" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Austin%2C_Texas.svg/203px-Flag_of_Austin%2C_Texas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Austin%2C_Texas.svg/270px-Flag_of_Austin%2C_Texas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1647" data-file-height="1100" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Austin,_Texas" title="Flag of Austin, Texas">Flag</a></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_Austin,_TX.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Official seal of Austin"><img alt="Official seal of Austin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a0/Seal_of_Austin%2C_TX.svg/100px-Seal_of_Austin%2C_TX.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a0/Seal_of_Austin%2C_TX.svg/150px-Seal_of_Austin%2C_TX.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a0/Seal_of_Austin%2C_TX.svg/200px-Seal_of_Austin%2C_TX.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="316" data-file-height="316" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Seal</div></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Austin,_Texas.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Official logo of Austin"><img alt="Official logo of Austin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Coat_of_arms_of_Austin%2C_Texas.svg/65px-Coat_of_arms_of_Austin%2C_Texas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="65" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Coat_of_arms_of_Austin%2C_Texas.svg/98px-Coat_of_arms_of_Austin%2C_Texas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Coat_of_arms_of_Austin%2C_Texas.svg/130px-Coat_of_arms_of_Austin%2C_Texas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="453" data-file-height="701" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._county_and_city_insignia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of U.S. county and city insignia">Coat of arms</a></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Nicknames: <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname">Live Music Capital of the World, <a href="/wiki/Silicon_Hills" title="Silicon Hills">Silicon Hills</a>, ATX, City of the Violet Crown</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Motto: <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname"><a href="/wiki/Keep_Austin_Weird" title="Keep Austin Weird">Keep Austin Weird</a> (unofficial)</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1222442370">.mw-parser-output .mapframe-multi-container>label:first-of-type{clear:both}.mw-parser-output .mapframe-multi-container a.mw-kartographer-container.floatright,.mw-parser-output .mapframe-multi-container a.mw-kartographer-container.floatleft,.mw-parser-output .mapframe-multi-container div.mw-kartographer-container.tright,.mw-parser-output .mapframe-multi-container div.mw-kartographer-container.tleft{padding:0 0 0 0;margin:0 0 0 0}</style><div class="switcher-container mapframe-multi-container center"><div><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 280px; height: 280px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="280" data-height="280" data-zoom="9" data-lat="30.3" data-lon="-97.7333" data-overlays="["_1a12d05b38aabda03ed21c13a12e3f8bb8d66ced"]" href="/wiki/Special:Map/9/30.3/-97.7333/en"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,9,30.3,-97.7333,280x280.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Austin%2C_Texas&groups=_1a12d05b38aabda03ed21c13a12e3f8bb8d66ced" width="280" height="280" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,9,30.3,-97.7333,280x280@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Austin%2C_Texas&groups=_1a12d05b38aabda03ed21c13a12e3f8bb8d66ced 2x" alt="Map" /></a>Show Austin</div><div><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 280px; height: 280px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="280" data-height="280" data-zoom="8" data-lat="30.33" data-lon="-97.78" data-overlays="["_c5d9e1653a051fcba7a39e03d92f0c312c503e43"]" href="/wiki/Special:Map/8/30.33/-97.78/en"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,8,30.33,-97.78,280x280.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Austin%2C_Texas&groups=_c5d9e1653a051fcba7a39e03d92f0c312c503e43" width="280" height="280" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,8,30.33,-97.78,280x280@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Austin%2C_Texas&groups=_c5d9e1653a051fcba7a39e03d92f0c312c503e43 2x" alt="Map" /></a>Show Travis County</div><div><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 280px; height: 280px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="280" data-height="280" data-zoom="4" data-lat="31" data-lon="-100" data-overlays="["_ae1cd84202817ab9543f0c897d87c737167d15d8"]" href="/wiki/Special:Map/4/31/-100/en"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,4,31,-100,280x280.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Austin%2C_Texas&groups=_ae1cd84202817ab9543f0c897d87c737167d15d8" width="280" height="280" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,4,31,-100,280x280@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Austin%2C_Texas&groups=_ae1cd84202817ab9543f0c897d87c737167d15d8 2x" alt="Map" /></a>Show Texas</div><div><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 280px; height: 280px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="280" data-height="280" data-zoom="3" data-lat="39.5" data-lon="-98.35" data-overlays="["_d1a326c158e0837ed88ca2bd52519528ca2b8f28"]" href="/wiki/Special:Map/3/39.5/-98.35/en"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,3,39.5,-98.35,280x280.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Austin%2C_Texas&groups=_d1a326c158e0837ed88ca2bd52519528ca2b8f28" width="280" height="280" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,3,39.5,-98.35,280x280@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Austin%2C_Texas&groups=_d1a326c158e0837ed88ca2bd52519528ca2b8f28 2x" alt="Map" /></a>Show the United States</div></div><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Location within <a href="/wiki/Travis_County,_Texas" title="Travis County, Texas">Travis County, Texas</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><a href="/wiki/File:Relief_map_of_Texas.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Austin is located in Texas"><img alt="Austin is located in Texas" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Relief_map_of_Texas.png/250px-Relief_map_of_Texas.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="247" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Relief_map_of_Texas.png/375px-Relief_map_of_Texas.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Relief_map_of_Texas.png/500px-Relief_map_of_Texas.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="989" /></a><div class="od notheme" style="top:57.812%;left:66.839%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><img alt="Austin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Austin</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location in Texas</div>Show map of Texas</div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><a href="/wiki/File:Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Austin is located in the United States"><img alt="Austin is located in the United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png/250px-Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png/375px-Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png/500px-Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="731" /></a><div class="od notheme" style="top:78.735%;left:46.732%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><img alt="Austin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Austin</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location in the United States</div>Show map of the United States</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Austin,_Texas&params=30_16_02_N_97_44_35_W_region:US-TX_type:city">30°16′02″N 97°44′35″W / 30.26722°N 97.74306°W / 30.26722; -97.74306</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> United States</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">State</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Texas.svg/23px-Flag_of_Texas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Texas.svg/35px-Flag_of_Texas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Texas.svg/45px-Flag_of_Texas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_Texas" title="List of counties in Texas">Counties</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Travis_County,_Texas" title="Travis County, Texas">Travis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hays_County,_Texas" title="Hays County, Texas">Hays</a>, <a href="/wiki/Williamson_County,_Texas" title="Williamson County, Texas">Williamson</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Settled</th><td class="infobox-data">1835; 189 years ago (1835)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Incorporated</th><td class="infobox-data">December 27, 1839; 184 years ago (1839-12-27)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Namesake" title="Namesake">Named for</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Stephen_F._Austin" title="Stephen F. Austin">Stephen F. Austin</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Council-manager_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Council-manager government">Council–manager</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Austin,_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="List of mayors of Austin, Texas">Mayor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kirk_Watson" title="Kirk Watson">Kirk Watson</a> (<a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">D</a>)<a href="#cite_note-pledged-1">[a]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Austin_City_Council" title="Austin City Council">City Council</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Members</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Natasha Harper-Madison (D)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Vanessa Fuentes (D)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Jose Velasquez (D)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Jose "Chito" Vela (D)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Ryan Alter (D)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Mackenzie Kelly (R)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Leslie Pool (D)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Paige Ellis (D)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Zohaib "Zo" Qadri (D)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Alison Alter (D)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/City_manager" title="City manager">City manager</a></th><td class="infobox-data">T.C. Broadnax<a href="#cite_note-CityGovernment-2">[1]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><a href="#cite_note-2019_Gazetteer-3">[2]</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_capitals_in_the_United_States" title="List of capitals in the United States">State capital</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">326.51 sq mi (845.66 km2)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Land</th><td class="infobox-data">319.94 sq mi (828.64 km2)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Water</th><td class="infobox-data">6.57 sq mi (17.02 km2)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Metro<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">4,285.70 sq mi (11,099.91 km2)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><a href="#cite_note-gnis-4">[3]</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">607 ft (185 m)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (2022)<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/popest/2020s-total-cities-and-towns.html">U.S. Census Estimates</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_capitals_in_the_United_States" title="List of capitals in the United States">State capital</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">974,447 <img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_North_American_cities_by_population" title="List of North American cities by population">32nd</a> in North America <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_cities_by_population" title="List of United States cities by population">11th</a> in the United States <a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Texas" title="List of municipalities in Texas">4th</a> in Texas</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">3,006.36/sq mi (1,160.76/km2)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">Urban</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,809,888 (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_urban_areas" title="List of United States urban areas">US: 29th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Urban density</th><td class="infobox-data">2,921.0/sq mi (1,127.8/km2)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">Metro</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"><a href="#cite_note-2020Pop-5">[4]</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">2,473,275 (<a href="/wiki/List_of_metropolitan_statistical_areas" class="mw-redirect" title="List of metropolitan statistical areas">US: 26th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Austinite</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">GDP<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><a href="#cite_note-6">[5]</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">Metro</a></th><td class="infobox-data">$222.054 billion (2022)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%926" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC−6">UTC−6</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_Time_Zone" title="Central Time Zone">CST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%925" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC−5">UTC−5</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_Time_Zone" title="Central Time Zone">CDT</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ZIP_Code" title="ZIP Code">ZIP Codes</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">73301, 73344, 78681, 78701–78705, 78708–78739, 78741–78742, 78744–78768, 78772–78774, 78778–78779, 78783, 78799</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/North_American_Numbering_Plan" title="North American Numbering Plan">Area codes</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Area_codes_512_and_737" title="Area codes 512 and 737">512 & 737</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Federal_Information_Processing_Standard" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Information Processing Standard">FIPS code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">48-05000<a href="#cite_note-Census_2010-7">[6]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_Names_Information_System" title="Geographic Names Information System">GNIS</a> feature ID</th><td class="infobox-data">2409761<a href="#cite_note-gnis-4">[3]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.austintexas.gov/">www.austintexas.gov</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16559#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></td></tr></tbody></table> Austin (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈɔːstɪn/</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/0\/03\/En-us-Austin.oga\/En-us-Austin.oga.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"En-us-Austin.oga"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/03/En-us-Austin.oga/En-us-Austin.oga.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:En-us-Austin.oga" title="File:En-us-Austin.oga">ⓘ</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">AW-stin</a>)<a href="#cite_note-8">[7]</a> is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_capitals_in_the_United_States" title="List of capitals in the United States">capital</a> of the <a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">U.S. state</a> of <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a> and the <a href="/wiki/County_seat" title="County seat">seat</a> and most populous city of <a href="/wiki/Travis_County,_Texas" title="Travis County, Texas">Travis County</a>, with portions extending into <a href="/wiki/Hays_County,_Texas" title="Hays County, Texas">Hays</a> and <a href="/wiki/Williamson_County,_Texas" title="Williamson County, Texas">Williamson</a> counties. Incorporated on December 27, 1839,<a href="#cite_note-9">[8]</a> it is the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_statistical_area" title="Metropolitan statistical area">26th-largest metropolitan area</a> in the United States, the <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_cities_by_population" title="List of United States cities by population">11th-most populous city</a> in the United States,<a href="#cite_note-Statesman_Prop_A_2020-10">[9]</a> the <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Texas_by_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Texas by population">fourth-most populous city</a> in the state after <a href="/wiki/Houston" title="Houston">Houston</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Antonio" title="San Antonio">San Antonio</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dallas" title="Dallas">Dallas</a>, and the second-most populous state capital city after <a href="/wiki/Phoenix,_Arizona" title="Phoenix, Arizona">Phoenix</a>, the capital of <a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Top50-11">[10]</a> It has been one of the fastest growing large cities in the United States since 2010.<a href="#cite_note-12">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-14">[13]</a> <a href="/wiki/Downtown_Austin" title="Downtown Austin">Downtown Austin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Downtown_San_Antonio" title="Downtown San Antonio">Downtown San Antonio</a> are approximately 80 miles (129 km) apart, and both fall along the <a href="/wiki/Interstate_35" title="Interstate 35">Interstate 35</a> corridor. This combined metropolitan region of <a href="/wiki/San_Antonio%E2%80%93Austin_metroplex" title="San Antonio–Austin metroplex">San Antonio–Austin</a> has approximately 5 million people.<a href="#cite_note-sa-atxmetro-15">[14]</a> Austin is the southernmost state capital in the <a href="/wiki/Contiguous_United_States" title="Contiguous United States">contiguous United States</a> and is considered a <a href="/wiki/Globalization_and_World_Cities_Research_Network#Gamma_+" title="Globalization and World Cities Research Network">Gamma + level</a> <a href="/wiki/Global_city" title="Global city">global city</a> as categorized by the <a href="/wiki/Globalization_and_World_Cities_Research_Network" title="Globalization and World Cities Research Network">Globalization and World Cities Research Network</a>.<a href="#cite_note-16">[15]</a> As of 2024, Austin had an estimated population of 984,567,<a href="#cite_note-17">[16]</a> up from 961,855 at the <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020 census</a>.<a href="#cite_note-18">[17]</a> The city is the cultural and economic center of the <a href="/wiki/Greater_Austin" title="Greater Austin">Austin–Round Rock</a> metropolitan statistical area, which had an estimated population of 2,473,275 as of July 1, 2023. Located in <a href="/wiki/Central_Texas" title="Central Texas">Central Texas</a> within the greater <a href="/wiki/Texas_Hill_Country" title="Texas Hill Country">Texas Hill Country</a>, it is home to numerous lakes, rivers, and waterways, including <a href="/wiki/Lady_Bird_Lake" title="Lady Bird Lake">Lady Bird Lake</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lake_Travis" title="Lake Travis">Lake Travis</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Colorado_River_(Texas)" title="Colorado River (Texas)">Colorado River</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barton_Springs_Pool" title="Barton Springs Pool">Barton Springs</a>, <a href="/wiki/McKinney_Falls_State_Park" title="McKinney Falls State Park">McKinney Falls</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lake_Walter_E._Long" title="Lake Walter E. Long">Lake Walter E. Long</a>. <a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Austin,_Texas" title="List of people from Austin, Texas">Residents of Austin</a> are known as Austinites.<a href="#cite_note-Long_2010-19">[18]</a> They include a diverse mix of government employees, college students, musicians, high-tech workers, and <a href="/wiki/Blue-collar_worker" title="Blue-collar worker">blue-collar workers</a>. The city's official slogan promotes Austin as "The Live Music Capital of the World", a reference to the city's many musicians and live music venues, as well as the long-running <a href="/wiki/PBS" title="PBS">PBS</a> TV concert series <a href="/wiki/Austin_City_Limits" title="Austin City Limits">Austin City Limits</a>.<a href="#cite_note-motto-20">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-atx_motto-21">[20]</a> Austin is the site of <a href="/wiki/South_by_Southwest" title="South by Southwest">South by Southwest</a> (SXSW), an annual conglomeration of parallel <a href="/wiki/Film_festival" title="Film festival">film</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interactive_media" title="Interactive media">interactive media</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Music_festival" title="Music festival">music festivals</a>. The city also adopted "<a href="/wiki/Silicon_Hills" title="Silicon Hills">Silicon Hills</a>" as a nickname in the 1990s due to a rapid influx of technology and development companies. In recent years, some Austinites have adopted the unofficial slogan "<a href="/wiki/Keep_Austin_Weird" title="Keep Austin Weird">Keep Austin Weird</a>",<a href="#cite_note-22">[21]</a> which refers to the desire to protect small, unique, and local businesses from being overrun by large corporations.<a href="#cite_note-weird-23">[22]</a> Since the late 19th century, Austin has also been known as the "<a href="/wiki/City_of_the_Violet_Crown" title="City of the Violet Crown">City of the Violet Crown</a>", because of the colorful glow of light across the hills just after sunset.<a href="#cite_note-24">[23]</a> Emerging from a strong economic focus on government and education, since the 1990s, Austin has become a center for technology and business.<a href="#cite_note-25">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-austin_history-26">[25]</a> The technology roots in Austin can be traced back to the 1960s, when defense electronics contractor <a href="/wiki/Tracor" title="Tracor">Tracor</a> (now <a href="/wiki/BAE_Systems" title="BAE Systems">BAE Systems</a>) began operations in the city in 1962. IBM followed in 1967, opening a facility to produce its Selectric typewriters. Texas Instruments was set up in Austin two years later, and Motorola (now NXP Semiconductors) started semiconductor chip manufacturing in 1974. A number of <a href="/wiki/Fortune_500" title="Fortune 500">Fortune 500</a> companies have headquarters or regional offices in Austin, including <a href="/wiki/3M" title="3M">3M</a>, <a href="/wiki/Advanced_Micro_Devices" class="mw-redirect" title="Advanced Micro Devices">Advanced Micro Devices (AMD)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Agilent_Technologies" title="Agilent Technologies">Agilent Technologies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amazon.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazon.com">Amazon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dell" title="Dell">Dell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meta_Platforms" title="Meta Platforms">Facebook (Meta)</a>, <a href="/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors">General Motors</a>, <a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a>, <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a>, <a href="/wiki/Intel" title="Intel">Intel</a>, <a href="/wiki/NXP_Semiconductors" title="NXP Semiconductors">NXP Semiconductors</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oracle_Corporation" title="Oracle Corporation">Oracle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tesla,_Inc." title="Tesla, Inc.">Tesla</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Texas_Instruments" title="Texas Instruments">Texas Instruments</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] With regard to education, Austin is the home of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Texas_at_Austin" title="University of Texas at Austin">University of Texas at Austin</a>, one of the largest universities in the U.S., with over 50,000 students.<a href="#cite_note-27">[26]</a> In 2021, Austin became home to the <a href="/wiki/Austin_FC" title="Austin FC">Austin FC</a>, the first (and currently only) <a href="/wiki/Major_professional_sports_leagues_in_the_United_States_and_Canada" title="Major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada">major professional sports team</a> in the city. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Austin,_Texas&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Austin,_Texas" title="History of Austin, Texas">History of Austin, Texas</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a chronological guide, see <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Austin,_Texas" title="Timeline of Austin, Texas">Timeline of Austin, Texas</a>.</div> Austin, Travis County and Williamson County have been the site of human habitation since at least 9200 BC. The area's earliest known inhabitants lived during the late <a href="/wiki/Pleistocene" title="Pleistocene">Pleistocene</a> (Ice Age) and are linked to the <a href="/wiki/Clovis_culture" title="Clovis culture">Clovis culture</a> around 9200 BC (over 11,200 years ago), based on evidence found throughout the area and documented at the much-studied <a href="/wiki/Gault_(archaeological_site)" title="Gault (archaeological site)">Gault Site</a>, midway between <a href="/wiki/Georgetown,_Texas" title="Georgetown, Texas">Georgetown</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fort_Cavazos" title="Fort Cavazos">Fort Cavazos</a>.<a href="#cite_note-28">[27]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">failed verification</a>] When settlers arrived from Europe, the <a href="/wiki/Tonkawa" title="Tonkawa">Tonkawa</a> tribe inhabited the area. The <a href="/wiki/Comanche" title="Comanche">Comanches</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lipan_Apache_people" title="Lipan Apache people">Lipan Apaches</a> were also known to travel through the area.<a href="#cite_note-29">[28]</a> Spanish colonists, including the <a href="/wiki/Isidro_de_Espinosa" title="Isidro de Espinosa">Espinosa</a>-<a href="/wiki/Antonio_de_Olivares" title="Antonio de Olivares">Olivares</a>-<a href="/wiki/Pedro_de_Aguirre" title="Pedro de Aguirre">Aguirre</a> expedition, traveled through the area, though few permanent settlements were created for some time.<a href="#cite_note-HOT:_Hays_Co-30">[29]</a> In 1730, three <a href="/wiki/Catholic_missions" title="Catholic missions">Catholic missions</a> from <a href="/wiki/East_Texas" title="East Texas">East Texas</a> were combined and reestablished as one mission on the south side of the Colorado River, in what is now <a href="/wiki/Zilker_Park" title="Zilker Park">Zilker Park</a>, in Austin. The mission was in this area for only about seven months, then was moved to <a href="/wiki/San_Antonio_de_B%C3%A9xar" class="mw-redirect" title="San Antonio de Béxar">San Antonio de Béxar</a> and split into three missions.<a href="#cite_note-31">[30]</a> During the 1830s, pioneers began to settle the area in central Austin along the <a href="/wiki/Colorado_River_(Texas)" title="Colorado River (Texas)">Colorado River</a>. Spanish forts were established in what are now <a href="/wiki/Bastrop,_Texas" title="Bastrop, Texas">Bastrop</a> and <a href="/wiki/San_Marcos,_Texas" title="San Marcos, Texas">San Marcos</a>.<a href="#cite_note-HOT:_Hays_Co-30">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-HOT:_Bastrop-32">[31]</a> Following <a href="/wiki/History_of_Mexico#Independence_era_(1808–1829)" title="History of Mexico">Mexico's independence</a>, new settlements were established in <a href="/wiki/Central_Texas" title="Central Texas">Central Texas</a>.<a href="#cite_note-HOT:_Bastrop-32">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-33">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-HOT:Travis_Co-34">[33]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Texas_capitol_goddess_1888.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Texas_capitol_goddess_1888.jpg/220px-Texas_capitol_goddess_1888.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Texas_capitol_goddess_1888.jpg/330px-Texas_capitol_goddess_1888.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Texas_capitol_goddess_1888.jpg/440px-Texas_capitol_goddess_1888.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1139" /></a><figcaption>Statue of the Goddess of Liberty on the <a href="/wiki/Texas_State_Capitol" title="Texas State Capitol">Texas State Capitol</a> grounds, prior to installation atop the rotunda</figcaption></figure> In 1835–1836, Texans fought and won <a href="/wiki/Texas_Revolution" title="Texas Revolution">independence from Mexico</a>. Texas thus became an independent country with its own president, congress, and monetary system. In 1839, the Texas Congress formed a commission to seek a site for the new capital of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Texas" title="Republic of Texas">Republic of Texas</a> to replace <a href="/wiki/Houston" title="Houston">Houston</a>.<a href="#cite_note-HOT:_Austin-35">[34]</a> When he was Vice President of Texas, <a href="/wiki/Mirabeau_B._Lamar" title="Mirabeau B. Lamar">Mirabeau B. Lamar</a> had visited the area during a <a href="/wiki/American_bison" title="American bison">buffalo</a>-hunting expedition between 1837 and 1838. He advised the commissioners to consider the area on the north bank of the <a href="/wiki/Colorado_River_(Texas)" title="Colorado River (Texas)">Colorado River</a> (near the present-day <a href="/wiki/Congress_Avenue_Bridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Congress Avenue Bridge">Congress Avenue Bridge</a>), noting the area's hills, waterways, and pleasant surroundings.<a href="#cite_note-Patoski_2010-36">[35]</a> It was seen as a convenient crossroads for trade routes between <a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe,_New_Mexico" title="Santa Fe, New Mexico">Santa Fe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Galveston_Bay" title="Galveston Bay">Galveston Bay</a>, as well as routes between northern Mexico and the <a href="/wiki/Red_River_of_the_South" title="Red River of the South">Red River</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Erlichman_2006-37">[36]</a> In 1839, the site was chosen, and briefly incorporated under the name "Waterloo".<a href="#cite_note-38">[37]</a> Shortly afterward, the name was changed to Austin in honor of <a href="/wiki/Stephen_F._Austin" title="Stephen F. Austin">Stephen F. Austin</a>, the "Father of Texas" and the republic's first secretary of state. The city grew throughout the 19th century and became a center for government and education with the construction of the <a href="/wiki/Texas_State_Capitol" title="Texas State Capitol">Texas State Capitol</a> and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Texas_at_Austin" title="University of Texas at Austin">University of Texas at Austin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-39">[38]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Austin_old_capital.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Austin_old_capital.png/220px-Austin_old_capital.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Austin_old_capital.png/330px-Austin_old_capital.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Austin_old_capital.png/440px-Austin_old_capital.png 2x" data-file-width="647" data-file-height="469" /></a><figcaption>Second capitol building in Austin</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Waller" title="Edwin Waller">Edwin Waller</a> was picked by Lamar to survey the village and draft a plan laying out the new capital.<a href="#cite_note-HOT:_Austin-35">[34]</a> The original site was narrowed to 640 acres (260 ha) that fronted the Colorado River between two creeks, <a href="/wiki/Shoal_Creek,_Austin,_Texas" title="Shoal Creek, Austin, Texas">Shoal Creek</a> and <a href="/wiki/Waller_Creek" title="Waller Creek">Waller Creek</a>, which was later named in his honor. Waller and a team of surveyors developed Austin's first <a href="/wiki/City_plan" class="mw-redirect" title="City plan">city plan</a>, commonly known as the <a href="/wiki/Waller_Plan" title="Waller Plan">Waller Plan</a>, dividing the site into a 14-block grid plan bisected by a broad north–south thoroughfare, Congress Avenue, running up from the river to Capital Square, where the new Texas State Capitol was to be constructed. A temporary one-story capitol was erected on the corner of Colorado and 8th Streets. On August 1, 1839, the first auction of 217 out of 306 lots total was held.<a href="#cite_note-HOT:_Austin-35">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-Erlichman_2006-37">[36]</a> The Waller Plan designed and surveyed now forms the basis of downtown Austin. In 1840, a series of conflicts between the <a href="/wiki/Texas_Ranger_Division" title="Texas Ranger Division">Texas Rangers</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Comanche" title="Comanche">Comanches</a>, known as the <a href="/wiki/Council_House_Fight" title="Council House Fight">Council House Fight</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Plum_Creek" title="Battle of Plum Creek">Battle of Plum Creek</a>, pushed the Comanches westward, mostly ending conflicts in Central Texas.<a href="#cite_note-40">[39]</a> Settlement in the area began to expand quickly. Travis County was established in 1840, and the surrounding counties were mostly established within the next two decades.<a href="#cite_note-HOT:Travis_Co-34">[33]</a> Initially, the new capital thrived but Lamar's political enemy, <a href="/wiki/Sam_Houston" title="Sam Houston">Sam Houston</a>, used two Mexican army incursions to <a href="/wiki/San_Antonio" title="San Antonio">San Antonio</a> as an excuse to move the government. Sam Houston fought bitterly against Lamar's decision to establish the capital in such a remote wilderness. The men and women who traveled mainly from Houston to conduct government business were intensely disappointed as well. By 1840, the population had risen to 856, nearly half of whom fled Austin when Congress recessed.<a href="#cite_note-41">[40]</a> The resident <a href="/wiki/African_American" class="mw-redirect" title="African American">African American</a> population listed in January of this same year was 176.<a href="#cite_note-42">[41]</a> The fear of Austin's proximity to the Indians and Mexico, which still considered Texas a part of their land, created an immense motive for Sam Houston, the first and third President of the Republic of Texas, to relocate the capital once again in 1841. Upon threats of Mexican troops in Texas, Houston raided the Land Office to transfer all official documents to Houston for safe keeping in what was later known as the <a href="/wiki/Archive_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Archive War">Archive War</a>, but the people of Austin would not allow this unaccompanied decision to be executed. The documents stayed, but the capital would temporarily move from Austin to Houston to <a href="/wiki/Washington-on-the-Brazos,_Texas" title="Washington-on-the-Brazos, Texas">Washington-on-the-Brazos</a>. Without the governmental body, Austin's population declined to a low of only a few hundred people throughout the early 1840s. The voting by the fourth President of the Republic, <a href="/wiki/Anson_Jones" title="Anson Jones">Anson Jones</a>, and Congress, who reconvened in Austin in 1845, settled the issue to keep Austin the seat of government, as well as annex the Republic of Texas into the United States. In 1860, 38% of Travis County residents were <a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_United_States" title="Slavery in the United States">slaves</a>.<a href="#cite_note-43">[42]</a> In 1861, with the outbreak of the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>, voters in Austin and other Central Texas communities voted against secession.<a href="#cite_note-HOT:_Bastrop-32">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-HOT:_Austin-35">[34]</a> However, as the war progressed and fears of attack by <a href="/wiki/Union_(American_Civil_War)" title="Union (American Civil War)">Union</a> forces increased, Austin contributed hundreds of men to the <a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America" title="Confederate States of America">Confederate</a> forces. The African American population of Austin swelled dramatically after the enforcement of the <a href="/wiki/Emancipation_Proclamation" title="Emancipation Proclamation">Emancipation Proclamation</a> in Texas by <a href="/wiki/Union_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Union Army">Union</a> General <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Granger" title="Gordon Granger">Gordon Granger</a> at Galveston, in an event commemorated as <a href="/wiki/Juneteenth" title="Juneteenth">Juneteenth</a>. Black communities such as <a href="/wiki/Wheatville,_Austin" title="Wheatville, Austin">Wheatville</a>, Pleasant Hill, and Clarksville were established, with Clarksville being the oldest surviving freedomtown ‒ the original post-Civil War settlements founded by former African-American slaves ‒ west of the <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_River" title="Mississippi River">Mississippi River</a>.<a href="#cite_note-HOT:_Austin-35">[34]</a> In 1870, blacks made up 36.5% of Austin's population.<a href="#cite_note-census-44">[43]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Old_map-Austin-1873-sm.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Old_map-Austin-1873-sm.jpg/220px-Old_map-Austin-1873-sm.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Old_map-Austin-1873-sm.jpg/330px-Old_map-Austin-1873-sm.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Old_map-Austin-1873-sm.jpg/440px-Old_map-Austin-1873-sm.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4309" data-file-height="3202" /></a><figcaption>An 1873 illustration of <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Waller" title="Edwin Waller">Edwin Waller</a>'s layout for Austin</figcaption></figure> The postwar period saw dramatic population and economic growth. The opening of the <a href="/wiki/Houston_and_Texas_Central_Railway" title="Houston and Texas Central Railway">Houston and Texas Central Railway</a> (H&TC) in 1871<a href="#cite_note-45">[44]</a> turned Austin into the major trading center for the region, with the ability to transport both cotton and cattle. The <a href="/wiki/Missouri%E2%80%93Kansas%E2%80%93Texas_Railroad" title="Missouri–Kansas–Texas Railroad">Missouri, Kansas & Texas</a> (MKT) line followed close behind.<a href="#cite_note-46">[45]</a> Austin was also the terminus of the southernmost leg of the <a href="/wiki/Chisholm_Trail" title="Chisholm Trail">Chisholm Trail</a>, and "drovers" pushed cattle north to the railroad.<a href="#cite_note-47">[46]</a> Cotton was one of the few crops produced locally for export, and a <a href="/wiki/Cotton_gin" title="Cotton gin">cotton gin</a> engine was located downtown near the trains for "ginning" cotton of its seeds and turning the product into bales for shipment.<a href="#cite_note-48">[47]</a> However, as other new railroads were built through the region in the 1870s, Austin began to lose its primacy in trade to the surrounding communities.<a href="#cite_note-HOT:_Austin-35">[34]</a> In addition, the areas east of Austin took over cattle and cotton production from Austin, especially in towns like <a href="/wiki/Hutto,_Texas" title="Hutto, Texas">Hutto</a> and <a href="/wiki/Taylor,_Texas" title="Taylor, Texas">Taylor</a> that sit over the <a href="/wiki/Texas_blackland_prairies" class="mw-redirect" title="Texas blackland prairies">blackland prairie</a>, with its deep, rich soils for producing cotton and hay.<a href="#cite_note-49">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-50">[49]</a> In September 1881, Austin public schools held their first classes. The same year, Tillotson Collegiate and Normal Institute (now part of <a href="/wiki/Huston%E2%80%93Tillotson_University" title="Huston–Tillotson University">Huston–Tillotson University</a>) opened its doors. The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Texas_at_Austin" title="University of Texas at Austin">University of Texas</a> held its first classes in 1883, although classes had been held in the original wooden state capitol for four years before.<a href="#cite_note-51">[50]</a> During the 1880s, Austin gained new prominence as the <a href="/wiki/Texas_State_Capitol" title="Texas State Capitol">state capitol building</a> was completed in 1888 and claimed as the seventh largest building in the world.<a href="#cite_note-HOT:_Austin-35">[34]</a> In the late 19th century, Austin expanded its city limits to more than three times its former area, and the first granite dam was built on the Colorado River to power a new street car line and the new "<a href="/wiki/Moonlight_tower" title="Moonlight tower">moon towers</a>".<a href="#cite_note-HOT:_Austin-35">[34]</a> The first dam washed away in a flood on April 7, 1900.<a href="#cite_note-52">[51]</a> In the late 1920s and 1930s, Austin implemented the <a href="/wiki/1928_Austin_city_plan" title="1928 Austin city plan">1928 Austin city plan</a> through a series of civic development and beautification projects that created much of the city's infrastructure and many of its parks. In addition, the state legislature established the <a href="/wiki/Lower_Colorado_River_Authority" title="Lower Colorado River Authority">Lower Colorado River Authority</a> (LCRA) that, along with the city of Austin, created the system of dams along the Colorado River to form the <a href="/wiki/Texas_Highland_Lakes" title="Texas Highland Lakes">Highland Lakes</a>. These projects were enabled in large part because the <a href="/wiki/Public_Works_Administration" title="Public Works Administration">Public Works Administration</a> provided Austin with greater funding for municipal construction projects than other Texas cities.<a href="#cite_note-HOT:_Austin-35">[34]</a> During the early 20th century, a three-way system of social segregation emerged in Austin, with Anglos, African Americans and Mexicans being separated by custom or law in most aspects of life, including housing, health care, and education. Deed restrictions also played an important role in <a href="/wiki/Residential_segregation_in_the_United_States" title="Residential segregation in the United States">residential segregation</a>. After 1935 most housing deeds prohibited African Americans (and sometimes other nonwhite groups) from using land.<a href="#cite_note-53">[52]</a> Combined with the system of segregated public services, racial segregation increased in Austin during the first half of the twentieth century, with African Americans and Mexicans experiencing high levels of discrimination and social marginalization.<a href="#cite_note-54">[53]</a> In 1940, the destroyed granite dam on the Colorado River was finally replaced by a hollow concrete dam<a href="#cite_note-55">[54]</a> that formed Lake McDonald (now called <a href="/wiki/Lake_Austin" title="Lake Austin">Lake Austin</a>) and which has withstood all floods since. In addition, the much larger Mansfield Dam was built by the LCRA upstream of Austin to form Lake Travis, a flood-control reservoir.<a href="#cite_note-56">[55]</a> In the early 20th century, the <a href="/wiki/Texas_Oil_Boom" class="mw-redirect" title="Texas Oil Boom">Texas Oil Boom</a> took hold, creating tremendous economic opportunities in Southeast Texas and North Texas. The growth generated by this boom largely passed by Austin at first, with the city slipping from fourth largest to tenth largest in Texas between 1880 and 1920.<a href="#cite_note-HOT:_Austin-35">[34]</a> After a severe lull in economic growth from the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression_in_the_United_States" title="Great Depression in the United States">Great Depression</a>, Austin resumed its steady development. Following the mid-20th century, Austin became established as one of Texas' major metropolitan centers. In 1970, the U.S. Census Bureau reported Austin's population as 14.5% Hispanic, 11.9% black, and 73.4% non-Hispanic white.<a href="#cite_note-census-44">[43]</a> In the late 20th century, Austin emerged as an important high tech center for <a href="/wiki/Semiconductor" title="Semiconductor">semiconductors</a> and software. The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Texas_at_Austin" title="University of Texas at Austin">University of Texas at Austin</a> emerged as a major university.<a href="#cite_note-57">[56]</a> The 1970s saw Austin's emergence in the national music scene, with local artists such as <a href="/wiki/Willie_Nelson" title="Willie Nelson">Willie Nelson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asleep_at_the_Wheel" title="Asleep at the Wheel">Asleep at the Wheel</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Stevie_Ray_Vaughan" title="Stevie Ray Vaughan">Stevie Ray Vaughan</a> and iconic music venues such as the <a href="/wiki/Armadillo_World_Headquarters" title="Armadillo World Headquarters">Armadillo World Headquarters</a>. Over time, the long-running television program Austin City Limits, its namesake Austin City Limits Festival, and the <a href="/wiki/South_by_Southwest" title="South by Southwest">South by Southwest</a> music festival solidified the city's place in the music industry.<a href="#cite_note-austin_history-26">[25]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Austin,_Texas&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Geography">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Austin_by_Sentinel-2,_2020-03-25.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Austin_by_Sentinel-2%2C_2020-03-25.jpg/220px-Austin_by_Sentinel-2%2C_2020-03-25.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Austin_by_Sentinel-2%2C_2020-03-25.jpg/330px-Austin_by_Sentinel-2%2C_2020-03-25.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Austin_by_Sentinel-2%2C_2020-03-25.jpg/440px-Austin_by_Sentinel-2%2C_2020-03-25.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5214" data-file-height="5214" /></a><figcaption>Austin as seen from space, 2020</figcaption></figure> Austin, the southernmost state capital of the contiguous 48 states, is located in <a href="/wiki/Central_Texas" title="Central Texas">Central Texas</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Colorado_River_(Texas)" title="Colorado River (Texas)">Colorado River</a>. Austin is 146 miles (230 km) northwest of <a href="/wiki/Houston" title="Houston">Houston</a>,<a href="#cite_note-58">[57]</a> 182 miles (290 km) south of <a href="/wiki/Dallas" title="Dallas">Dallas</a><a href="#cite_note-59">[58]</a> and 74 miles (120 km) northeast of <a href="/wiki/San_Antonio" title="San Antonio">San Antonio</a>.<a href="#cite_note-60">[59]</a> Austin occupies a total area of 305.1 square miles (790.1 km2). Approximately 7.2 square miles (18.6 km2) of this area is water.<a href="#cite_note-Census_2010-7">[6]</a> Austin is situated at the foot of the <a href="/wiki/Balcones_Escarpment" class="mw-redirect" title="Balcones Escarpment">Balcones Escarpment</a>, on the <a href="/wiki/Colorado_River_(Texas)" title="Colorado River (Texas)">Colorado River</a>, with three artificial lakes within the city limits: <a href="/wiki/Lady_Bird_Lake" title="Lady Bird Lake">Lady Bird Lake</a> (formerly known as Town Lake), <a href="/wiki/Lake_Austin" title="Lake Austin">Lake Austin</a> (both created by dams along the Colorado River), and <a href="/wiki/Lake_Walter_E._Long" title="Lake Walter E. Long">Lake Walter E. Long</a> that is partly used for cooling water for the Decker Power Plant. <a href="/wiki/Mansfield_Dam" title="Mansfield Dam">Mansfield Dam</a> and the foot of <a href="/wiki/Lake_Travis" title="Lake Travis">Lake Travis</a> are located within the city's limits.<a href="#cite_note-HOT:_Austin-35">[34]</a> Lady Bird Lake, Lake Austin, and Lake Travis are each on the Colorado River.<a href="#cite_note-HOT:_Austin-35">[34]</a> The elevation of Austin varies from 425 feet (130 m) to approximately 1,000 feet (305 m) above sea level.<a href="#cite_note-Abbott_2003-61">[60]</a> Due to the fact it straddles the <a href="/wiki/Balcones_Fault" title="Balcones Fault">Balcones Fault</a>, much of the eastern part of the city is flat, with heavy clay and loam soils, whereas the western part and western suburbs consist of rolling hills on the edge of the <a href="/wiki/Texas_Hill_Country" title="Texas Hill Country">Texas Hill Country</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Baird_2009-62">[61]</a> Because the hills to the west are primarily <a href="/wiki/Limestone" title="Limestone">limestone</a> rock with a thin covering of topsoil, portions of the city are frequently subjected to <a href="/wiki/Flash_flood" title="Flash flood">flash floods</a> from the runoff caused by thunderstorms.<a href="#cite_note-63">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-64">[63]</a> To help control this runoff and to generate hydroelectric power, the <a href="/wiki/Lower_Colorado_River_Authority" title="Lower Colorado River Authority">Lower Colorado River Authority</a> operates a series of dams that form the <a href="/wiki/Texas_Highland_Lakes" title="Texas Highland Lakes">Texas Highland Lakes</a>. The lakes also provide venues for boating, swimming, and other forms of recreation within several parks on the lake shores.<a href="#cite_note-65">[64]</a> Austin is located at the intersection of four major ecological regions, and is consequently a temperate-to-hot green oasis with a highly variable climate having some characteristics of the desert, the tropics, and a wetter climate.<a href="#cite_note-66">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-67">[66]</a> The area is very diverse ecologically and biologically, and is home to a variety of animals and plants.<a href="#cite_note-Vines_1984-68">[67]</a> Notably, the area is home to many types of wildflowers that blossom throughout the year but especially in the spring. This includes the popular <a href="/wiki/Bluebonnet_(plant)" title="Bluebonnet (plant)">bluebonnets</a>, some planted by <a href="/wiki/Lady_Bird_Johnson" title="Lady Bird Johnson">"Lady Bird" Johnson</a>, wife of former President <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a>.<a href="#cite_note-69">[68]</a> The soils of Austin range from shallow, gravelly clay loams over limestone in the western outskirts to deep, fine sandy loams, silty clay loams, silty clays or clays in the city's eastern part. Some of the clays have pronounced shrink-swell properties and are difficult to work under most moisture conditions. Many of Austin's soils, especially the clay-rich types, are slightly to moderately alkaline and have free <a href="/wiki/Calcium_carbonate" title="Calcium carbonate">calcium carbonate</a>.<a href="#cite_note-70">[69]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cityscape">Cityscape</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Austin,_Texas&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Cityscape">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Austin_neighborhoods" title="List of Austin neighborhoods">List of Austin neighborhoods</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Austin,_Texas" title="List of tallest buildings in Austin, Texas">List of tallest buildings in Austin, Texas</a></div> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:center;max-width:808px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><a href="/wiki/File:Downtown_Austin,_Texas_from_the_Colorado_River,_October_2022.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Downtown Austin, Texas from across the Colorado River, October 2022"><img alt="Downtown Austin, Texas from across the Colorado River, October 2022" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Downtown_Austin%2C_Texas_from_the_Colorado_River%2C_October_2022.jpg/800px-Downtown_Austin%2C_Texas_from_the_Colorado_River%2C_October_2022.jpg" decoding="async" width="800" height="320" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Downtown_Austin%2C_Texas_from_the_Colorado_River%2C_October_2022.jpg/1200px-Downtown_Austin%2C_Texas_from_the_Colorado_River%2C_October_2022.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Downtown_Austin%2C_Texas_from_the_Colorado_River%2C_October_2022.jpg/1600px-Downtown_Austin%2C_Texas_from_the_Colorado_River%2C_October_2022.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5922" data-file-height="2369" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Downtown_Austin,_Texas_from_the_Colorado_River,_October_2022.jpg" title="File:Downtown Austin, Texas from the Colorado River, October 2022.jpg"> </a></div><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Downtown Austin, Texas from across the Colorado River, October 2022</div></div></div></div> Austin's skyline historically was modest, dominated by the Texas State Capitol and the University of Texas <a href="/wiki/Main_Building_(University_of_Texas_at_Austin)" title="Main Building (University of Texas at Austin)">Main Building</a>. However, since the 2000s, many new high-rise towers have been constructed.<a href="#cite_note-71">[70]</a> Austin is currently undergoing a skyscraper boom, which includes recent construction on new office, hotel and residential buildings. Downtown's buildings are somewhat spread out, partly due to a set of <a href="/wiki/Zoning" title="Zoning">zoning</a> restrictions that preserve the view of the <a href="/wiki/Texas_State_Capitol" title="Texas State Capitol">Texas State Capitol</a> from various locations around Austin, known as the <a href="/wiki/Texas_Capitol_View_Corridors" title="Texas Capitol View Corridors">Capitol View Corridors</a>.<a href="#cite_note-72">[71]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:9162018.Moon.Light.towers.NRSID76002071_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/9162018.Moon.Light.towers.NRSID76002071_02.jpg/170px-9162018.Moon.Light.towers.NRSID76002071_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="284" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/9162018.Moon.Light.towers.NRSID76002071_02.jpg/255px-9162018.Moon.Light.towers.NRSID76002071_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/9162018.Moon.Light.towers.NRSID76002071_02.jpg/340px-9162018.Moon.Light.towers.NRSID76002071_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2010" data-file-height="3352" /></a><figcaption>One of the 15 remaining <a href="/wiki/Moonlight_towers_(Austin,_Texas)" title="Moonlight towers (Austin, Texas)">moonlight towers</a> in Austin</figcaption></figure> At night, parts of Austin are lit by "artificial moonlight" from <a href="/wiki/Moonlight_tower" title="Moonlight tower">moonlight towers</a> built to illuminate the central part of the city.<a href="#cite_note-73">[72]</a> The 165-foot (50 m) moonlight towers were built in the late 19th century and are now recognized as historic landmarks. Only 15 of the 31 original innovative towers remain standing in Austin, but none remain in any of the other cities where they were installed. The towers are featured in the 1993 film <a href="/wiki/Dazed_and_Confused_(film)" title="Dazed and Confused (film)">Dazed and Confused</a>. In December 2023, amid rising home prices, the Austin City Council loosened the city's zoning rules to permit by-right development of triplexes on each lot and loosened restrictions on tiny homes.<a href="#cite_note-74">[73]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Downtown">Downtown</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Austin,_Texas&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Downtown">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Downtown_Austin" title="Downtown Austin">Downtown Austin</a></div>The central business district of Austin is home to the tallest condo towers in the state, with <a href="/wiki/The_Independent_(Austin,_Texas)" title="The Independent (Austin, Texas)">The Independent</a> (58 stories and 690 ft (210 m) tall) and <a href="/wiki/The_Austonian" title="The Austonian">The Austonian</a> (topping out at 56 floors and 685 ft (209 m) tall). The Independent became the tallest all-residential building in the U.S. west of <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a> when topped out in 2018. In 2005, then-Mayor Will Wynn set out a goal of having 25,000 people living downtown by 2015.<a href="#cite_note-75">[74]</a> Although downtown's growth did not meet this goal, downtown's residential population did surge from an estimated 5,000 in 2005 to 12,000 in 2015.<a href="#cite_note-76">[75]</a> The skyline has drastically changed in recent years, and the residential real estate market has remained relatively strong. As of December 2016<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Austin,_Texas&action=edit">[update]</a>, there were 31 high rise projects either under construction, approved or planned to be completed in Austin's downtown core between 2017 and 2020. Sixteen of those were set to rise above 400 ft (120 m) tall, including four above 600', and eight above 500'. An additional 15 towers were slated to stand between 300' and 399' tall. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Austin,_Texas&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Climate">edit</a>]</div> <table class="infobox" style="width: 19.5em; float: right; clear: both; text-align: center; border: solid 1px silver" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr><th>Austin </th></tr> <tr><th style="font-size: 90%">Climate chart (<a href="/wiki/Template:Climate_chart/How_to_read_a_climate_chart" title="Template:Climate chart/How to read a climate chart">explanation</a>)</th></tr> <tr><td><table class="infobox" style="width: 100%; margin: 0; float: right; clear: both; text-align: center; border: none; font-size: 90%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">J</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">F</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">M</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">A</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">M</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">J</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">J</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">A</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">S</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">O</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">N</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">D</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.1176em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">2.2</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:9.04em;height:2.2222222222222em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.262222222222em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">61</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:7.54em; left:0;width:1.5em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">41</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.02616em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">2</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:9.4177777777778em;height:2.2555555555556em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.673333333333em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">65</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:7.9177777777778em; left:0;width:1.5em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">45</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.40208em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">2.8</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:10.14em;height:2.3111111111111em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:12.451111111111em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">72</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:8.64em; left:0;width:1.5em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">51</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.06172em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">2.1</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:10.951111111111em;height:2.3444444444444em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:13.295555555556em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">80</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.4511111111111em; left:0;width:1.5em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">59</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:2.24028em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">4.4</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:11.851111111111em;height:2.1888888888889em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:14.04em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">86</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.351111111111em; left:0;width:1.5em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">67</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:2.19964em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">4.3</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:12.473333333333em;height:2.1888888888889em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:14.662222222222em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">92</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.973333333333em; left:0;width:1.5em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">72</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.95504em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">1.9</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:12.706666666667em;height:2.3333333333333em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:15.04em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">95</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.206666666667em; left:0;width:1.5em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">74</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.1938em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">2.4</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:12.728888888889em;height:2.4777777777778em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:15.206666666667em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">97</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.228888888889em; left:0;width:1.5em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">75</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.51892em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">3</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:12.162222222222em;height:2.3333333333333em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:14.495555555556em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">91</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.662222222222em; left:0;width:1.5em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">70</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.97104em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">3.9</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:11.184444444444em;height:2.3333333333333em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:13.517777777778em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">82</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.6844444444444em; left:0;width:1.5em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">61</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.50368em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">3</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:10.073333333333em;height:2.2888888888889em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:12.362222222222em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">71</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:8.5733333333333em; left:0;width:1.5em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">51</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.2192em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">2.4</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:9.1511111111111em;height:2.2222222222222em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.373333333333em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">62</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:7.6511111111111em; left:0;width:1.5em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">42</div> </div></td> </tr> <tr><td colspan="12" style="padding: 2px; text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em">█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °F</td></tr> <tr><td colspan="12" style="padding: 2px; text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em">█ Precipitation totals in inches</td></tr> </tbody></table></td></tr> <tr><td> <table class="infobox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width: 100%; margin: 0; float: right; clear: both; text-align: center; border: none; font-size: 90%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr><th colspan="12">Metric conversion</th></tr> <tr> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">J</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">F</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">M</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">A</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">M</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">J</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">J</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">A</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">S</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">O</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">N</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">D</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.1176em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">56</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:9.04em;height:2.2222222222222em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.262222222222em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">16</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:7.54em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">5</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.02616em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">51</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:9.4177777777778em;height:2.2555555555556em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.673333333333em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">18</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:7.9177777777778em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">7</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.40208em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">70</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:10.14em;height:2.3111111111111em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:12.451111111111em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">22</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:8.64em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">11</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.06172em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">53</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:10.951111111111em;height:2.3444444444444em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:13.295555555556em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">27</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.4511111111111em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">15</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:2.24028em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">112</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:11.851111111111em;height:2.1888888888889em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:14.04em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">30</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.351111111111em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">19</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:2.19964em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">110</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:12.473333333333em;height:2.1888888888889em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:14.662222222222em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">33</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.973333333333em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">22</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.95504em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">48</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:12.706666666667em;height:2.3333333333333em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:15.04em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">35</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.206666666667em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">24</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.1938em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">60</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:12.728888888889em;height:2.4777777777778em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:15.206666666667em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">36</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.228888888889em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">24</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.51892em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">76</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:12.162222222222em;height:2.3333333333333em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:14.495555555556em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">33</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.662222222222em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">21</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.97104em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">99</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:11.184444444444em;height:2.3333333333333em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:13.517777777778em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">28</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.6844444444444em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">16</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.50368em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">75</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:10.073333333333em;height:2.2888888888889em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:12.362222222222em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">22</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:8.5733333333333em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">10</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.2192em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">61</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:9.1511111111111em;height:2.2222222222222em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.373333333333em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">17</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:7.6511111111111em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">6</div> </div></td> </tr> <tr><td colspan="12" style="padding: 2px; text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em">█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °C</td></tr> <tr><td colspan="12" style="padding: 2px; text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em">█ Precipitation totals in mm</td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> Austin is located within the middle of a unique, narrow transitional zone between the dry deserts of the American Southwest and the lush, green, more humid regions of the American Southeast. Its climate, topography, and vegetation share characteristics of both. Officially, Austin has a <a href="/wiki/Humid_subtropical_climate" title="Humid subtropical climate">humid subtropical climate</a> (Cfa) under the <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a>. This climate is typified by long, very hot summers, short, mild winters, and warm to hot spring and fall seasons in-between. Austin averages 34.32 inches (872 mm) of annual rainfall distributed mostly evenly throughout the year, though spring and fall are the wettest seasons. Sunshine is common during all seasons, with 2,650 hours, or 60.3% of the possible total, of bright sunshine per year.<a href="#cite_note-77">[76]</a> Summers in Austin are very hot, with average July and August highs frequently reaching the high-90s (34–36 °C) or above. Highs reach 90 °F (32 °C) on 123 days per year, of which 29 days reach 100 °F (38 °C); all years in the 1991-2020 period recorded at least 1 day of the latter.<a href="#cite_note-NWSC-NOAA-78">[77]</a> The average daytime high is 70 °F (21 °C) or warmer between March 1 and November 21, rising to 80 °F (27 °C) or warmer between April 14 and October 24, and reaching 90 °F (32 °C) or warmer between May 30 and September 18.<a href="#cite_note-NWSC-NOAA-78">[77]</a> The highest ever recorded temperature was 112 °F (44 °C) occurring on September 5, 2000, and August 28, 2011.<a href="#cite_note-79">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-80">[79]</a> An uncommon characteristic of Austin's climate is its highly variable humidity, which fluctuates frequently depending on the shifting patterns of air flow and wind direction. It is common for a lengthy series of warm, dry, low-humidity days to be occasionally interrupted by very warm and humid days, and vice versa. Humidity rises with winds from the east or southeast, when the air drifts inland from the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Mexico" title="Gulf of Mexico">Gulf of Mexico</a>, but decreases significantly with winds from the west or southwest, bringing air flowing from <a href="/wiki/Chihuahuan_Desert" title="Chihuahuan Desert">Chihuahuan Desert</a> areas of <a href="/wiki/West_Texas" title="West Texas">West Texas</a> or northern Mexico.<a href="#cite_note-NWSC-NOAA-78">[77]</a> Winters in Austin are mild, although occasional short-lived bursts of cold weather known as "<a href="/wiki/Texas_Norther" class="mw-redirect" title="Texas Norther">Blue Northers</a>" can occur. January is the coolest month with an average daytime high of 62.5 °F (17 °C). The overnight low drops to or below freezing 12 times per year,<a href="#cite_note-NWSC-NOAA-78">[77]</a> and sinks below 45 °F (7 °C) during 76 evenings per year, mostly between mid-December and mid-February. The average first and last dates for a freeze are December 1 and February 15, giving Austin an average growing season of 288 days, and the coldest temperature of the year is normally about 24.2 °F (−4 °C) under the 1991-2020 climate normals, putting Austin in USDA zone 9a.<a href="#cite_note-NWSC-NOAA-78">[77]</a> Conversely, winter months also produce warm days on a regular basis. On average, 10 days in January reach or exceed 70 °F (21 °C) and 1 day reaches 80 °F (27 °C); during the 1991-2020 period, all Januarys had at least 1 day with a high of 70 °F (21 °C) or more, and most (60%) had at least 1 day with a high of 80 °F (27 °C) or more.<a href="#cite_note-NWSC-NOAA-78">[77]</a> The lowest ever recorded temperature in the city was −2 °F (−19 °C) on January 31, 1949. Roughly every two years Austin experiences an <a href="/wiki/Ice_storm" title="Ice storm">ice storm</a> that freezes roads over and cripples travel in the city for 24 to 48 hours.<a href="#cite_note-81">[80]</a> When Austin received 0.04 inches (1 mm) of ice on January 24, 2014, there were 278 vehicular collisions.<a href="#cite_note-82">[81]</a> Similarly, snowfall is rare in Austin.<a href="#cite_note-83">[82]</a> A snow event of 0.9 inches (2 cm) on February 4, 2011, caused more than 300 car crashes.<a href="#cite_note-84">[83]</a> The most recent major snow event occurred February 14–15, 2021, when 6.4 inches (16 cm) of snow fell at Austin's <a href="/wiki/Camp_Mabry" title="Camp Mabry">Camp Mabry</a>, the largest two-day snowfall since records began being kept in 1948.<a href="#cite_note-85">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-86">[85]</a> Typical of <a href="/wiki/Central_Texas" title="Central Texas">Central Texas</a>, severe weather in Austin is a threat that can strike during any season. However, it is most common during the spring. According to most classifications, Austin lies within the extreme southern periphery of <a href="/wiki/Tornado_Alley" title="Tornado Alley">Tornado Alley</a>, although many sources place Austin outside of Tornado Alley altogether.<a href="#cite_note-Data_Foundry:_Austin_Risk_Assessment-87">[86]</a> Consequently, tornadoes strike Austin less frequently than areas farther to the north.<a href="#cite_note-Data_Foundry:_Austin_Risk_Assessment-87">[86]</a> However, severe weather and/or <a href="/wiki/Supercell" title="Supercell">supercell thunderstorms</a> can occur multiple times per year, bringing damaging winds, lightning, heavy rain, and occasional flash flooding to the city.<a href="#cite_note-88">[87]</a> The deadliest storm to ever strike city limits was the <a href="/wiki/1922_Austin_twin_tornadoes" title="1922 Austin twin tornadoes">twin tornadoes storm</a> of May 4, 1922, while the deadliest <a href="/wiki/Tornado_outbreak" title="Tornado outbreak">tornado outbreak</a> to ever strike the metro area was the <a href="/wiki/1997_Central_Texas_tornado_outbreak" title="1997 Central Texas tornado outbreak">Central Texas tornado outbreak</a> of May 27, 1997. <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for <a href="/wiki/Camp_Mabry" title="Camp Mabry">Camp Mabry</a>, Austin, Texas (1991–2020 normals,<a href="#cite_note-89">[b]</a> extremes 1897–present)<a href="#cite_note-90">[c]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FF4100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">90 (32) </td> <td style="background: #FF1F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">99 (37) </td> <td style="background: #FF1F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">98 (37) </td> <td style="background: #FF1F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">99 (37) </td> <td style="background: #FF0A00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">104 (40) </td> <td style="background: #EA0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">109 (43) </td> <td style="background: #EA0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">109 (43) </td> <td style="background: #DC0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">112 (44) </td> <td style="background: #DC0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">112 (44) </td> <td style="background: #FF1800; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">101 (38) </td> <td style="background: #FF3A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">91 (33) </td> <td style="background: #FF4100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">90 (32) </td> <td style="background: #DC0000; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">112 (44) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean maximum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FF6600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">80.1 (26.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF5600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">84.2 (29.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF4900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">87.7 (30.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF3900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">91.8 (33.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF2A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">95.5 (35.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF1B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">99.5 (37.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF1000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">102.3 (39.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF0B00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">103.9 (39.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF1A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">99.9 (37.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF3100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">93.7 (34.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF5200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">85.3 (29.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF6400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">80.5 (26.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF0500; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">105.3 (40.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FFA954; color:#000000;" class="notheme">62.5 (16.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF9934; color:#000000;" class="notheme">66.5 (19.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF8001; color:#000000;" class="notheme">73.3 (22.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF6500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">80.3 (26.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF4B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">86.9 (30.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF3300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">93.2 (34.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF2600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">96.6 (35.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF2100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">97.8 (36.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF3A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">91.4 (33.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF5C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">82.5 (28.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF870F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">71.5 (21.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFA449; color:#000000;" class="notheme">63.9 (17.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF6400; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">80.5 (26.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FFD0A2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">52.2 (11.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFC184; color:#000000;" class="notheme">56.1 (13.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFA851; color:#000000;" class="notheme">62.8 (17.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF8D1C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">69.6 (20.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">76.8 (24.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF5A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">83.0 (28.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF4F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">85.8 (29.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF4D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">86.5 (30.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF6300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">80.8 (27.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF860D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">71.6 (22.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFAF5F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">61.0 (16.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFCB97; color:#000000;" class="notheme">53.6 (12.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF8C1A; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">70.0 (21.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FFF8F2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">41.8 (5.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFE8D2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">45.8 (7.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFD0A2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">52.2 (11.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFB76F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">58.9 (14.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF9932; color:#000000;" class="notheme">66.8 (19.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF8104; color:#000000;" class="notheme">72.9 (22.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF7900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">75.0 (23.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">75.1 (23.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF8B18; color:#000000;" class="notheme">70.1 (21.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFAF60; color:#000000;" class="notheme">60.8 (16.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFD7AF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">50.5 (10.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFF2E6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">43.4 (6.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFB56B; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">59.4 (15.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean minimum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #D8D8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.1 (−2.7) </td> <td style="background: #E1E1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.3 (−0.9) </td> <td style="background: #EFEFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.8 (1.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFF4EA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">42.8 (6.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFCC99; color:#000000;" class="notheme">53.4 (11.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF9F40; color:#000000;" class="notheme">65.0 (18.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF8B18; color:#000000;" class="notheme">70.1 (21.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF8F1F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">69.3 (20.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFB872; color:#000000;" class="notheme">58.5 (14.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFF1E3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">43.7 (6.5) </td> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.8 (1.0) </td> <td style="background: #DCDCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.6 (−1.9) </td> <td style="background: #CFCFFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">24.2 (−4.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #8080FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2 (−19) </td> <td style="background: #8585FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1 (−18) </td> <td style="background: #BBBBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18 (−8) </td> <td style="background: #E1E1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30 (−1) </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">40 (4) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">51 (11) </td> <td style="background: #FFBD7C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">57 (14) </td> <td style="background: #FFBD7C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">58 (14) </td> <td style="background: #FFFBF8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">41 (5) </td> <td style="background: #E1E1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30 (−1) </td> <td style="background: #C0C0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20 (−7) </td> <td style="background: #9090FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4 (−16) </td> <td style="background: #8080FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−2 (−19) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> inches (mm) </th> <td style="background: #9BFF9B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.64 (67) </td> <td style="background: #B0FFB0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.89 (48) </td> <td style="background: #92FF92; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.88 (73) </td> <td style="background: #A1FFA1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.42 (61) </td> <td style="background: #40FF40; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.04 (128) </td> <td style="background: #6FFF6F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.68 (93) </td> <td style="background: #B4FFB4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.96 (50) </td> <td style="background: #96FF96; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.74 (70) </td> <td style="background: #77FF77; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.45 (88) </td> <td style="background: #6BFF6B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.91 (99) </td> <td style="background: #8DFF8D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.92 (74) </td> <td style="background: #98FF98; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.72 (69) </td> <td style="background: #8AFF8A; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">36.25 (921) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowfall inches (cm) </th> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.2 (0.51) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FEFEFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">0.2 (0.51) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) </th> <td style="background: #A1A1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.6 </td> <td style="background: #9696FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.7 </td> <td style="background: #9191FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.9 </td> <td style="background: #A4A4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.1 </td> <td style="background: #9191FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.9 </td> <td style="background: #A0A0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.4 </td> <td style="background: #C2C2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.9 </td> <td style="background: #C3C3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.8 </td> <td style="background: #A4A4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.1 </td> <td style="background: #A8A8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.0 </td> <td style="background: #A7A7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.9 </td> <td style="background: #A2A2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.5 </td> <td style="background: #A5A5FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">85.8 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) </th> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.2 </td> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.3 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1 </td> <td style="background: #FEFEFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">0.6 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000FC; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">67.2 </td> <td style="background: #0202FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">66.0 </td> <td style="background: #0909FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">64.2 </td> <td style="background: #0101FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">66.4 </td> <td style="background: #0000EC; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">71.4 </td> <td style="background: #0000F4; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">69.5 </td> <td style="background: #0606FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">65.1 </td> <td style="background: #0A0AFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">63.8 </td> <td style="background: #0000F8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">68.4 </td> <td style="background: #0000FD; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">67.1 </td> <td style="background: #0000F7; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">68.7 </td> <td style="background: #0000FB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">67.6 </td> <td style="background: #0000FD; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">67.1 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Dew_point" title="Dew point">dew point</a> °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #F3F3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.1 (2.3) </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">39.6 (4.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFE7D0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">46.2 (7.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFC58C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">55.0 (12.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFA64D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">63.3 (17.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF9327; color:#000000;" class="notheme">68.2 (20.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF9022; color:#000000;" class="notheme">68.9 (20.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF9226; color:#000000;" class="notheme">68.4 (20.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF9D3C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">65.5 (18.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFC081; color:#000000;" class="notheme">56.5 (13.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFE2C5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">47.7 (8.7) </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">39.4 (4.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFC790; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">54.6 (12.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #CACA00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">163.8 </td> <td style="background: #D4D400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">169.3 </td> <td style="background: #D9D900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">205.9 </td> <td style="background: #DADA00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">205.8 </td> <td style="background: #DDDD00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">227.1 </td> <td style="background: #EDED08; color:#000000;" class="notheme">285.5 </td> <td style="background: #F2F214; color:#000000;" class="notheme">317.2 </td> <td style="background: #EEEE0A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">297.9 </td> <td style="background: #E1E100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">233.8 </td> <td style="background: #DBDB00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">215.6 </td> <td style="background: #CECE00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">168.3 </td> <td style="background: #C5C504; color:#000000;" class="notheme">153.5 </td> <td style="background: #DDDD00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2,643.7 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Percent <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">possible sunshine</a> </th> <td style="background: #FFFF37; color:#000000;" class="notheme">51 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF43; color:#000000;" class="notheme">54 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF47; color:#000000;" class="notheme">55 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF3F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">53 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF43; color:#000000;" class="notheme">54 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF7C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">68 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF94; color:#000000;" class="notheme">74 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF90; color:#000000;" class="notheme">73 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF68; color:#000000;" class="notheme">63 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF5F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">61 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF3F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">53 </td> <td style="background: #FBFB2A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF5B; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">60 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Ultraviolet_index" title="Ultraviolet index">ultraviolet index</a> </th> <td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4 </td> <td style="background: #F18B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6 </td> <td style="background: #E53210; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">8 </td> <td style="background: #E53210; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">9 </td> <td style="background: #E53210; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">10 </td> <td style="background: #A45693; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">11 </td> <td style="background: #A45693; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">11 </td> <td style="background: #E53210; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">10 </td> <td style="background: #E53210; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">9 </td> <td style="background: #F18B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7 </td> <td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5 </td> <td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4 </td> <td style="background: #E53210; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">8 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: NOAA (relative humidity and sun 1961–1990),<a href="#cite_note-NOAA-91">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-NOAA_txt-92">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-noaasun-93">[90]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: Weather Atlas <a href="#cite_note-Weather_Atlas-94">[91]</a> (UV index) </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Natural_disasters">Natural disasters</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Austin,_Texas&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Natural disasters">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2011_drought">2011 drought</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Austin,_Texas&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 2011 drought">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2011_Southern_US_drought" class="mw-redirect" title="2011 Southern US drought">2011 Southern US drought</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2011_Texas_Drought.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/2011_Texas_Drought.jpg/220px-2011_Texas_Drought.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/2011_Texas_Drought.jpg/330px-2011_Texas_Drought.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/2011_Texas_Drought.jpg/440px-2011_Texas_Drought.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5180" data-file-height="3451" /></a><figcaption>The 2011 Texas drought dried up many of central Texas' waterways. This boat was left to sit in the middle of what is normally a branch of <a href="/wiki/Lake_Travis" title="Lake Travis">Lake Travis</a>, part of the <a href="/wiki/Colorado_River_(Texas)" title="Colorado River (Texas)">Colorado River</a>.</figcaption></figure> From October 2010 through September 2011, both major reporting stations in Austin, Camp Mabry and Bergstrom Int'l, had the least rainfall of a <a href="/wiki/Water_year" title="Water year">water year</a> on record, receiving less than a third of normal precipitation.<a href="#cite_note-NWSC-NOAA-78">[77]</a> This was a result of <a href="/wiki/La_Ni%C3%B1a" class="mw-redirect" title="La Niña">La Niña</a> conditions in the eastern Pacific Ocean where water was significantly cooler than normal. David Brown, a regional official with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, explained that "these kinds of droughts will have effects that are even more extreme in the future, given a warming and drying regional climate."<a href="#cite_note-95">[92]</a> The drought, coupled with exceedingly high temperatures throughout the summer of 2011, caused many wildfires throughout Texas, including notably the <a href="/wiki/Bastrop_County_Complex_Fire" title="Bastrop County Complex Fire">Bastrop County Complex Fire</a> in neighboring Bastrop, Texas. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2018_flooding_and_water_crisis">2018 flooding and water crisis</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Austin,_Texas&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 2018 flooding and water crisis">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Llano_River#2018_Flood" title="Llano River">Llano River § 2018 Flood</a></div> In the fall of 2018, Austin and surrounding areas received heavy rainfall and <a href="/wiki/Flash_flood" title="Flash flood">flash flooding</a> following <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Sergio_(2018)" title="Hurricane Sergio (2018)">Hurricane Sergio</a>.<a href="#cite_note-rainfall-96">[93]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Lower_Colorado_River_Authority" title="Lower Colorado River Authority">Lower Colorado River Authority</a> opened four <a href="/wiki/Floodgates" class="mw-redirect" title="Floodgates">floodgates</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Mansfield_Dam" title="Mansfield Dam">Mansfield Dam</a> after Lake Travis was recorded at 146% full at 704.3 feet (214.7 m).<a href="#cite_note-97">[94]</a> From October 22 to October 29, 2018, the City of Austin issued a mandatory citywide <a href="/wiki/Boil-water_advisory" title="Boil-water advisory">boil-water advisory</a> after the <a href="/wiki/Texas_Highland_Lakes" title="Texas Highland Lakes">Highland Lakes</a>, home to the city's main water supply, became overwhelmed by unprecedented amounts of silt, dirt, and debris that had washed in from the <a href="/wiki/Llano_River" title="Llano River">Llano River</a>.<a href="#cite_note-98">[95]</a> Austin Water, the city's water utility, has the capacity to process up to 300 million gallons of water per day; however, the elevated level of <a href="/wiki/Turbidity" title="Turbidity">turbidity</a> reduced output to only 105 million gallons per day. Since Austin residents consumed an average of 120 million gallons of water per day, the infrastructure was not able to keep up with demand.<a href="#cite_note-rainfall-96">[93]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2021_winter_storm">2021 winter storm</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Austin,_Texas&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: 2021 winter storm">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/February_13%E2%80%9317,_2021_North_American_winter_storm#Central_and_Southern_Plains" title="February 13–17, 2021 North American winter storm">February 13–17, 2021 North American winter storm § Central and Southern Plains</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/2021_Texas_power_crisis" title="2021 Texas power crisis">2021 Texas power crisis</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Austin,_Texas_covered_in_snow_ESA23166430.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Austin%2C_Texas_covered_in_snow_ESA23166430.jpeg/220px-Austin%2C_Texas_covered_in_snow_ESA23166430.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Austin%2C_Texas_covered_in_snow_ESA23166430.jpeg/330px-Austin%2C_Texas_covered_in_snow_ESA23166430.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Austin%2C_Texas_covered_in_snow_ESA23166430.jpeg/440px-Austin%2C_Texas_covered_in_snow_ESA23166430.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="2473" data-file-height="2473" /></a><figcaption>Austin covered in snow on February 15, 2021. Photo from <a href="/wiki/ESA" class="mw-redirect" title="ESA">ESA</a>.</figcaption></figure> In February 2021, <a href="/wiki/Winter_Storm_Uri" class="mw-redirect" title="Winter Storm Uri">Winter Storm Uri</a> dropped prolific amounts of snow across Texas and Oklahoma, including Austin. The Austin area received a total of 6.4 inches (160 mm) of snowfall between February 14 and 15, with snow cover persisting until February 20.<a href="#cite_note-99">[96]</a> This marked the longest time the area had had more than 1 inch (25 mm) of snow, with the previous longest time being three days in <a href="/wiki/1985_North_American_cold_wave" title="1985 North American cold wave">January 1985</a>.<a href="#cite_note-100">[97]</a> Lack of <a href="/wiki/Winterization" title="Winterization">winterization</a> in <a href="/wiki/Gas-fired_power_plant" title="Gas-fired power plant">natural gas power plants</a>, which supply a large amount of power to the <a href="/wiki/Texas_Interconnection" title="Texas Interconnection">Texas grid</a>, and increased energy demand caused <a href="/wiki/ERCOT" class="mw-redirect" title="ERCOT">ERCOT</a> and <a href="/wiki/Austin_Energy" title="Austin Energy">Austin Energy</a> to enact <a href="/wiki/Rolling_blackouts" class="mw-redirect" title="Rolling blackouts">rolling blackouts</a> in order to avoid total grid collapse between February 15 and February 18.<a href="#cite_note-101">[98]</a> Initial rolling blackouts were to last for a maximum of 40 minutes, however lack of energy production caused many blackouts to last for much longer, at the peak of the blackouts an estimated 40% of Austin Energy homes were without power.<a href="#cite_note-102">[99]</a> Starting on February 15, Austin Water received reports of pipe breaks, hourly water demand increased from 150 million gallons per day (MGD) on February 15 to a peak hourly demand of 260 MGD on February 16. On the morning of February 17 demand increased to 330 MGD, the resulting drop of water pressure caused the Austin area to enter into a <a href="/wiki/Boil-water_advisory" title="Boil-water advisory">boil-water advisory</a> which would last until water pressure was restored on February 23.<a href="#cite_note-103">[100]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2023_winter_storm">2023 winter storm</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Austin,_Texas&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: 2023 winter storm">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/January_%E2%80%93_February,_2023_ice_storm" class="mw-redirect" title="January – February, 2023 ice storm">January – February, 2023 ice storm</a></div> Beginning January 30, 2023 the City of Austin experienced a winter freeze which left 170,000 Austin Energy customers without electricity or heat for several days. The slow pace of repairs and lack of public information from City officials frustrated many residents.<a href="#cite_note-104">[101]</a> A week after the freeze and when Austin City Council members were proposing to evaluate his employment, City Manager Spencer Cronk finally apologized.<a href="#cite_note-105">[102]</a> On Thursday February 16, 2023, Cronk was fired by the Austin City Council for the city's response to the winter storm.<a href="#cite_note-106">[103]</a> Former City Manager Jesus Garcia was named Interim City Manager.<a href="#cite_note-107">[104]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parks">Parks</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Austin,_Texas&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Parks">edit</a>]</div> The Austin Parks and Recreation Department received the Excellence in Aquatics award in 1999 and the Gold Medal Awards in 2004 from the <a href="/wiki/National_Recreation_and_Park_Association" title="National Recreation and Park Association">National Recreation and Park Association</a>.<a href="#cite_note-108">[105]</a><a href="#cite_note-109">[106]</a> To strengthen the region's parks system, which spans more than 29,000 acres (11,736 ha), The Austin Parks Foundation (APF) was established in 1992 to develop and improve parks in and around Austin. APF works to fill the city's park funding gap by leveraging volunteers, philanthropists, park advocates, and strategic collaborations to develop, maintain and enhance Austin's parks, trails and green spaces. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lady_Bird_Lake">Lady Bird Lake</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Austin,_Texas&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Lady Bird Lake">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ButlerTrailAustin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/ButlerTrailAustin.jpg/220px-ButlerTrailAustin.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/ButlerTrailAustin.jpg/330px-ButlerTrailAustin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/ButlerTrailAustin.jpg/440px-ButlerTrailAustin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="719" /></a><figcaption>Ann and Roy Butler Hike-and-Bike Trail along <a href="/wiki/Lady_Bird_Lake" title="Lady Bird Lake">Lady Bird Lake</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BartonCreek-2010-c.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/BartonCreek-2010-c.JPG/220px-BartonCreek-2010-c.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/BartonCreek-2010-c.JPG/330px-BartonCreek-2010-c.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/BartonCreek-2010-c.JPG/440px-BartonCreek-2010-c.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2877" data-file-height="1918" /></a><figcaption>Sculpture Falls along the <a href="/wiki/Barton_Creek_Greenbelt" title="Barton Creek Greenbelt">Barton Creek Greenbelt</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DeepEddyPoolBySteveHopson.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/DeepEddyPoolBySteveHopson.jpg/220px-DeepEddyPoolBySteveHopson.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/DeepEddyPoolBySteveHopson.jpg/330px-DeepEddyPoolBySteveHopson.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/DeepEddyPoolBySteveHopson.jpg/440px-DeepEddyPoolBySteveHopson.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1936" data-file-height="1296" /></a><figcaption>Austin's <a href="/wiki/Deep_Eddy_Pool" title="Deep Eddy Pool">Deep Eddy Pool</a> is the oldest human-made pool in Texas.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hamilton_Pool_March_2016_3.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Hamilton_Pool_March_2016_3.JPG/220px-Hamilton_Pool_March_2016_3.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="69" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Hamilton_Pool_March_2016_3.JPG/330px-Hamilton_Pool_March_2016_3.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Hamilton_Pool_March_2016_3.JPG/440px-Hamilton_Pool_March_2016_3.JPG 2x" data-file-width="7986" data-file-height="2502" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Pool_Preserve" title="Hamilton Pool Preserve">Hamilton Pool Preserve</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Covert_Park_at_Mount_Bonnell_20160905130602.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Covert_Park_at_Mount_Bonnell_20160905130602.jpg/220px-Covert_Park_at_Mount_Bonnell_20160905130602.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Covert_Park_at_Mount_Bonnell_20160905130602.jpg/330px-Covert_Park_at_Mount_Bonnell_20160905130602.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Covert_Park_at_Mount_Bonnell_20160905130602.jpg/440px-Covert_Park_at_Mount_Bonnell_20160905130602.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>View of the Colorado River from Covert Park at <a href="/wiki/Mount_Bonnell" title="Mount Bonnell">Mount Bonnell</a></figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Lady_Bird_Lake" title="Lady Bird Lake">Lady Bird Lake</a> (formerly Town Lake)<a href="#cite_note-110">[107]</a> is a river-like reservoir on the Colorado River. The lake is a popular recreational area for <a href="/wiki/Paddleboarding" title="Paddleboarding">paddleboards</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kayak" title="Kayak">kayaks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canoe" title="Canoe">canoes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dragon_boat" title="Dragon boat">dragon boats</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Rowing_(sport)" title="Rowing (sport)">rowing shells</a>. Austin's warm climate and the river's calm waters, nearly 6 miles (9.7 km) length and straight courses are especially popular with <a href="/wiki/Sport_rowing" class="mw-redirect" title="Sport rowing">crew</a> teams and clubs. Other recreational attractions along the shores of the lake include swimming in <a href="/wiki/Deep_Eddy_Pool" title="Deep Eddy Pool">Deep Eddy Pool</a>, the oldest swimming pool in Texas, and Red Bud Isle, a small island formed by the 1900 <a href="/wiki/Austin_Dam_failure_(Texas)" title="Austin Dam failure (Texas)">collapse of the McDonald Dam</a> that serves as a recreation area with a dog park and access to the lake for canoeing and fishing.<a href="#cite_note-111">[108]</a> The 10.1 miles (16.3 km) Ann and Roy Butler Hike and Bike Trail forms a complete circuit around the lake. A local nonprofit, The Trail Foundation, is the Trail's private steward and has built amenities and infrastructure including trailheads, lakefront gathering areas, restrooms, exercise equipment, as well as doing Trailwide <a href="/wiki/Ecological_restoration" title="Ecological restoration">ecological restoration</a> work on an ongoing basis. The Butler Trail loop was completed in 2014 with the public-private partnership 1-mile Boardwalk project.<a href="#cite_note-112">[109]</a> Along the shores of Lady Bird Lake is the 350 acres (140 hectares) <a href="/wiki/Zilker_Park" title="Zilker Park">Zilker Park</a>, which contains large open lawns, sports fields, cross country courses, historical markers, concession stands, and picnic areas.<a href="#cite_note-113">[110]</a> Zilker Park is also home to numerous attractions, including the <a href="/wiki/Zilker_Botanical_Garden" title="Zilker Botanical Garden">Zilker Botanical Garden</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Umlauf_Sculpture_Garden" class="mw-redirect" title="Umlauf Sculpture Garden">Umlauf Sculpture Garden</a>, Zilker Hillside Theater, the Austin Nature & Science Center, and the Zilker Zephyr, a 12 in (305 mm) gauge <a href="/wiki/Ridable_miniature_railway" title="Ridable miniature railway">miniature railway</a> carries passengers on a tour around the park.<a href="#cite_note-114">[111]</a><a href="#cite_note-115">[112]</a> <a href="/wiki/Auditorium_Shores" title="Auditorium Shores">Auditorium Shores</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Urban_park" title="Urban park">urban park</a> along the lake, is home to the <a href="/wiki/Palmer_Auditorium" class="mw-redirect" title="Palmer Auditorium">Palmer Auditorium</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Long_Center_for_the_Performing_Arts" title="Long Center for the Performing Arts">Long Center for the Performing Arts</a>, and an <a href="/wiki/Dog_park" title="Dog park">off-leash dog park</a> on the water.<a href="#cite_note-116">[113]</a> Both Zilker Park and Auditorium Shores have a direct view of the Downtown skyline.<a href="#cite_note-117">[114]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Barton_Creek_Greenbelt">Barton Creek Greenbelt</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Austin,_Texas&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Barton Creek Greenbelt">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/Barton_Creek_Greenbelt" title="Barton Creek Greenbelt">Barton Creek Greenbelt</a> is a 7.25-mile (11.67 km) public <a href="/wiki/Green_belt" title="Green belt">green belt</a> managed by the City of Austin's Park and Recreation Department. The Greenbelt, which begins at <a href="/wiki/Zilker_Park" title="Zilker Park">Zilker Park</a> and stretches South/Southwest to the Woods of Westlake <a href="/wiki/Subdivision_(land)" title="Subdivision (land)">subdivision</a>, is characterized by large <a href="/wiki/Limestone" title="Limestone">limestone</a> cliffs, dense foliage, and shallow bodies of water. Popular activities include <a href="/wiki/Rock_climbing" title="Rock climbing">rock climbing</a>, mountain biking, and hiking. Some well known naturally forming swimming holes along Austin's greenbelt include Twin Falls, Sculpture Falls, Gus Fruh Pool, and Campbell's Hole. During years of heavy rainfall, the water level of the creek rises high enough to allow <a href="/wiki/Human_swimming" class="mw-redirect" title="Human swimming">swimming</a>, <a href="/wiki/High_diving" title="High diving">cliff diving</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kayaking" title="Kayaking">kayaking</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paddleboarding" title="Paddleboarding">paddle boarding</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tubing_(recreation)" title="Tubing (recreation)">tubing</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Swimming_holes">Swimming holes</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Austin,_Texas&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Swimming holes">edit</a>]</div> Austin is home to more than 50 public pools and <a href="/wiki/Swimming_hole" title="Swimming hole">swimming holes</a>. These include <a href="/wiki/Deep_Eddy_Pool" title="Deep Eddy Pool">Deep Eddy Pool</a>, Texas' oldest human-made swimming pool, and <a href="/wiki/Barton_Springs_Pool" title="Barton Springs Pool">Barton Springs Pool</a>, the nation's largest natural swimming pool in an urban area.<a href="#cite_note-118">[115]</a><a href="#cite_note-119">[116]</a> Barton Springs Pool is spring-fed while Deep Eddy is well-fed. Both range in temperature from about 68.0 °F (20.0 °C) during the winter to about 71.6 °F (22.0 °C) during the summer.<a href="#cite_note-120">[117]</a><a href="#cite_note-121">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-122">[119]</a> <a href="/wiki/Hippie_Hollow_Park" title="Hippie Hollow Park">Hippie Hollow Park</a>, a county park situated along Lake Travis, is the only officially sanctioned <a href="/wiki/Nude_beach" title="Nude beach">clothing-optional public park</a> in Texas. <a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Pool_Preserve" title="Hamilton Pool Preserve">Hamilton Pool Preserve</a> is a natural pool that was created when the dome of an underground river collapsed due to massive erosion thousands of years ago. The pool, located about 23 miles (37 km) west of Austin, is a popular summer swimming spot for visitors and residents. Hamilton Pool Preserve consists of 232 acres (0.94 km2) of protected natural habitat featuring a jade green pool into which a 50-foot (15 m) waterfall flows.<a href="#cite_note-123">[120]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Other_parks">Other parks</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Austin,_Texas&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Other parks">edit</a>]</div> In May 2021, voters in the City of Austin reinstated a public camping ban.<a href="#cite_note-124">[121]</a> That includes downtown green spaces as well as trails and greenbelts such as along Barton Creek.<a href="#cite_note-126">[d]</a> <a href="/wiki/McKinney_Falls_State_Park" title="McKinney Falls State Park">McKinney Falls State Park</a> is a <a href="/wiki/State_park" title="State park">state park</a> administered by the <a href="/wiki/Texas_Parks_and_Wildlife_Department" title="Texas Parks and Wildlife Department">Texas Parks and Wildlife Department</a>, located at the confluence of <a href="/wiki/Onion_Creek_(Texas)" title="Onion Creek (Texas)">Onion Creek</a> and Williamson Creek. The park includes several designated hiking trails and <a href="/wiki/Campground" class="mw-redirect" title="Campground">campsites</a> with water and electric. The namesake features of the park are the scenic upper and lower falls along Onion Creek. The <a href="/wiki/Emma_Long_Metropolitan_Park" title="Emma Long Metropolitan Park">Emma Long Metropolitan Park</a> is a municipal park along the shores of <a href="/wiki/Lake_Austin" title="Lake Austin">Lake Austin</a>, originally constructed by the <a href="/wiki/Civilian_Conservation_Corps" title="Civilian Conservation Corps">Civilian Conservation Corps</a>. The 284 acres (115 ha) <a href="/wiki/Lady_Bird_Johnson_Wildflower_Center" title="Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center">Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Botanical_garden" title="Botanical garden">botanical garden</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arboretum" title="Arboretum">arboretum</a> that features more than 800 species of native Texas plants in both garden and natural settings; the Wildflower Center is located 10 miles (16 km) southwest of Downtown in <a href="/wiki/Circle_C_Ranch" title="Circle C Ranch">Circle C Ranch</a>.<a href="#cite_note-127">[123]</a> Roy G. Guerrero Park is located along the Colorado River in <a href="/wiki/East_Riverside-Oltorf,_Austin,_Texas" title="East Riverside-Oltorf, Austin, Texas">East Riverside</a> and contains miles of wooded trails, a sandy beach along the river, and a <a href="/wiki/Disc_golf" title="Disc golf">disc golf</a> course. Covert Park, located on the top of <a href="/wiki/Mount_Bonnell" title="Mount Bonnell">Mount Bonnell</a>, is a popular tourist destination overlooking Lake Austin and the Colorado River. The mount provides a vista for viewing the city of Austin, Lake Austin, and the surrounding hills.<a href="#cite_note-128">[124]</a> It was designated a <a href="/wiki/Recorded_Texas_Historic_Landmark" title="Recorded Texas Historic Landmark">Recorded Texas Historic Landmark</a> in 1969, bearing Marker number 6473,<a href="#cite_note-129">[125]</a> and was listed on the <a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="National Register of Historic Places">National Register of Historic Places</a> in 2015. The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_Ren%C3%A9_Barrera_Indiangrass_Wildlife_Sanctuary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis René Barrera Indiangrass Wildlife Sanctuary (page does not exist)">Louis René Barrera Indiangrass Wildlife Sanctuary</a>, located on the north shore of <a href="/wiki/Lake_Walter_E._Long" title="Lake Walter E. Long">Lake Walter E. Long</a>, is a park managed by the Austin Parks and Recreation Department with the goal of restoring the <a href="/wiki/Blackland_Prairie" class="mw-redirect" title="Blackland Prairie">Blackland Prairie</a>. While not open to the public, it is accessible through guided tours. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Austin,_Texas&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Demographics">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/History_of_African_Americans_in_Austin" title="History of African Americans in Austin">History of African Americans in Austin</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224496135">.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop{border-spacing:1px;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:0.3em;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop caption{background-color:lavender;color:black;padding-right:0.2em;padding-left:0.2em;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-bottom:none}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop th[scope=col]{border-bottom:1px solid black}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(2){text-align:right;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td.us-census-pop-estimate{padding-left:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(3){padding-left:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(4){padding-left:0.5em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-footnote{border-top:1px solid black;font-size:85%;text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-right{float:right;clear:right;margin:0 0 1em 1em}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-none{float:none;margin:0 1em 1em 0}}</style> <table class="us-census-pop us-census-pop-right"> <caption>Historical population</caption> <tbody><tr><th scope="col">Census</th><th scope="col"><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr></th><th scope="col"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1152813436">.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;white-space:nowrap}</style>Note</th><th scope="col"><abbr title="Percent change">%±</abbr></th></tr> <tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1850_United_States_census" title="1850 United States census">1850</a></th><td>629</td><td></td><td>—</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1860_United_States_census" title="1860 United States census">1860</a></th><td>3,494</td><td></td><td>455.5%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1870_United_States_census" title="1870 United States census">1870</a></th><td>4,428</td><td></td><td>26.7%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1880_United_States_census" title="1880 United States census">1880</a></th><td>11,013</td><td></td><td>148.7%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1890_United_States_census" title="1890 United States census">1890</a></th><td>14,575</td><td></td><td>32.3%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1900_United_States_census" title="1900 United States census">1900</a></th><td>22,258</td><td></td><td>52.7%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1910_United_States_census" title="1910 United States census">1910</a></th><td>29,860</td><td></td><td>34.2%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1920_United_States_census" title="1920 United States census">1920</a></th><td>34,876</td><td></td><td>16.8%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1930_United_States_census" title="1930 United States census">1930</a></th><td>53,120</td><td></td><td>52.3%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1940_United_States_census" title="1940 United States census">1940</a></th><td>87,930</td><td></td><td>65.5%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1950_United_States_census" title="1950 United States census">1950</a></th><td>132,459</td><td></td><td>50.6%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_census" title="1960 United States census">1960</a></th><td>186,545</td><td></td><td>40.8%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1970_United_States_census" title="1970 United States census">1970</a></th><td>253,539</td><td></td><td>35.9%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_census" title="1980 United States census">1980</a></th><td>345,890</td><td></td><td>36.4%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1990_United_States_census" title="1990 United States census">1990</a></th><td>465,622</td><td></td><td>34.6%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_census" title="2000 United States census">2000</a></th><td>656,562</td><td></td><td>41.0%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_census" title="2010 United States census">2010</a></th><td>790,390</td><td></td><td>20.4%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020</a></th><td>961,855</td><td></td><td>21.7%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">2023 (est.)</th><td class="us-census-pop-estimate">979,882</td><td><a href="#cite_note-130">[126]</a></td><td>1.9%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" class="us-census-pop-footnote">U.S. Decennial Census<a href="#cite_note-DecennialCensus-131">[127]</a> 2010–2020<a href="#cite_note-QuickFacts-132">[128]</a></td></tr> </tbody></table> In 2020, there were 961,855 people, up from the <a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="2000 United States Census">2000 United States census</a> tabulation where there were 656,562 people, 265,649 households, and 141,590 families residing in the city.<a href="#cite_note-133">[129]</a> In 2000, the population density was 2,610 inhabitants per square mile (1,010/km2). There were 276,842 dwelling units at an average density of 1,101 per square mile (425/km2). There were 265,648 households, out of which 26.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 38.1% were married couples living together, 10.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 46.7% were non-families. 32.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.40 and the average family size was 3.14. In the city the population was spread out, with 22.5% of the population under the age of 18, 16.6% from 18 to 24, 37.1% from 25 to 44, 17.1% from 45 to 64, and 6.7% were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 30 years. For every 100 females, there were 105.8 males. The median income for a household in the city was <a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">US$</a>42,689, and the median income for a family was $54,091. Males had a median income of $35,545 compared to $30,046 for females. The per capita income for the city was $24,163. About 9.1% of families and 14.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16.5% of those under age 18 and 8.7% of those age 65 or over. The median house price was $185,906 in 2009, and it has increased every year since 2004.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">needs update</a>]<a href="#cite_note-134">[130]</a> The median value of a house which the owner occupies was $318,400 in 2019—higher than the average American home value of $240,500.<a href="#cite_note-135">[131]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Race_and_ethnicity">Race and ethnicity</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Austin,_Texas&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Race and ethnicity">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable sortable collapsible" style="font-size: 90%;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Racial composition </th> <th>2022<a href="#cite_note-136">[132]</a></th> <th>2020<a href="#cite_note-census1-137">[133]</a></th> <th>2010<a href="#cite_note-138">[134]</a></th> <th>2000<a href="#cite_note-139">[135]</a></th> <th>1990<a href="#cite_note-census1-137">[133]</a></th> <th>1970<a href="#cite_note-census1-137">[133]</a></th> <th>1950<a href="#cite_note-census1-137">[133]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/White_American" class="mw-redirect" title="White American">White (Non-Hispanic)</a> </td> <td>47.7%</td> <td>47.1%</td> <td>48.7%</td> <td>56.4%</td> <td>61.7%</td> <td>73.4%</td> <td>86.6% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic or Latino</a> </td> <td>32.5%</td> <td>32.5%</td> <td>35.1%</td> <td>28.2%</td> <td>23.0%</td> <td>14.5%</td> <td>n/a </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Asian_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian American">Asian</a> </td> <td>8.4%</td> <td>8.9%</td> <td>6.2%</td> <td>4.5%</td> <td>3.0%</td> <td>0.2%</td> <td>0.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Black_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Black American">Black or African American</a> </td> <td>7.9%</td> <td>6.9%</td> <td>7.7%</td> <td>9.3%</td> <td>12.4%</td> <td>11.8%</td> <td>13.3% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Multiracial_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Multiracial American">Mixed</a> </td> <td>4.5%</td> <td>3.9%</td> <td>1.7%</td> <td>2.9% </td></tr></tbody></table> According to the <a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_census" title="2010 United States census">2010 United States census</a>,<a href="#cite_note-140">[136]</a> the racial composition of Austin was 68.3% <a href="/wiki/White_American" class="mw-redirect" title="White American">White</a> (48.7% <a href="/wiki/Non-Hispanic_whites" title="Non-Hispanic whites">non-Hispanic whites</a>), 35.1% <a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic or Latino</a> (29.1% <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Americans" title="Mexican Americans">Mexican</a>, 0.5% <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Ricans" title="Puerto Ricans">Puerto Rican</a>, 0.4% <a href="/wiki/Cuban_Americans" title="Cuban Americans">Cuban</a>, 5.1% Other), 8.1% <a href="/wiki/African_American" class="mw-redirect" title="African American">African American</a>, 6.3% <a href="/wiki/Asian_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian American">Asian</a> (1.9% <a href="/wiki/Indian_Americans" title="Indian Americans">Indian</a>, 1.5% <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Americans" title="Chinese Americans">Chinese</a>, 1.0% <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_Americans" title="Vietnamese Americans">Vietnamese</a>, 0.7% <a href="/wiki/Korean_Americans" title="Korean Americans">Korean</a>, 0.3% <a href="/wiki/Filipino_Americans" title="Filipino Americans">Filipino</a>, 0.2% <a href="/wiki/Japanese_Americans" title="Japanese Americans">Japanese</a>, 0.8% Other), 0.9% <a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">American Indian</a>, 0.1% <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islander_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific Islander American">Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander</a>, and 3.4% <a href="/wiki/Multiracial_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Multiracial American">two or more races</a>. According to the <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020 United States census</a>,<a href="#cite_note-141">[137]</a> the racial composition of Austin was 72.6% <a href="/wiki/White_American" class="mw-redirect" title="White American">White</a> (48.3% <a href="/wiki/Non-Hispanic_whites" title="Non-Hispanic whites">non-Hispanic whites</a>), 33.9% <a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic or Latino</a>, 7.8% <a href="/wiki/African_American" class="mw-redirect" title="African American">African American</a>, 7.6% <a href="/wiki/Asian_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian American">Asian</a>, 0.7% <a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">American Indian</a>, 0.1% <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islander_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific Islander American">Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander</a>, and 3.4% <a href="/wiki/Multiracial_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Multiracial American">two or more races</a>. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Race_and_ethnicity_2010-_Austin_(5560474714).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Race_and_ethnicity_2010-_Austin_%285560474714%29.png/220px-Race_and_ethnicity_2010-_Austin_%285560474714%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Race_and_ethnicity_2010-_Austin_%285560474714%29.png/330px-Race_and_ethnicity_2010-_Austin_%285560474714%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Race_and_ethnicity_2010-_Austin_%285560474714%29.png/440px-Race_and_ethnicity_2010-_Austin_%285560474714%29.png 2x" data-file-width="3009" data-file-height="3009" /></a><figcaption>Map of racial distribution in Austin, 2010 U.S. census. Each dot is 25 people: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style>⬤ White <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">⬤ Black <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">⬤ Asian <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">⬤ Hispanic <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">⬤ Other</figcaption></figure> A 2014 <a href="/wiki/University_of_Texas_at_Austin" title="University of Texas at Austin">University of Texas</a> study stated that Austin was the only U.S. city with a fast growth rate between 2000 and 2010 with a net loss in African Americans. As of 2014<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Austin,_Texas&action=edit">[update]</a>, Austin's African American and non-Hispanic white percentage shares of the total population was declining despite the actual numbers of both ethnic groups increasing, as the rapid growth of the Latino or Hispanic and Asian populations has outpaced all other ethnic groups in the city. Austin's non-Hispanic white population first dropped below 50% in 2005.<a href="#cite_note-142">[138]</a><a href="#cite_note-143">[139]</a><a href="#cite_note-144">[140]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sexual_orientation_and_gender_identity">Sexual orientation and gender identity</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Austin,_Texas&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Sexual orientation and gender identity">edit</a>]</div> According to a survey completed in 2014 by <a href="/wiki/Gallup_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallup (company)">Gallup</a>, it is estimated that 5.3% of residents in the <a href="/wiki/Greater_Austin" title="Greater Austin">Austin metropolitan area</a> identify as <a href="/wiki/LGBT" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT">lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender</a>.<a href="#cite_note-145">[141]</a> The Austin metropolitan area had the third-highest rate in the nation.<a href="#cite_note-146">[142]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Austin,_Texas&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Religion">edit</a>]</div> According to <a href="/wiki/Sperling%27s_BestPlaces" class="mw-redirect" title="Sperling's BestPlaces">Sperling's BestPlaces</a>, 52.4% of Austin's population are religious.<a href="#cite_note-TXReligion-147">[143]</a> The majority of Austinites identified themselves as <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christians</a>, about 25.2% of whom claimed affiliation with the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a>.<a href="#cite_note-TXReligion-147">[143]</a> The city's Catholic population is served by the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Austin" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Austin">Roman Catholic Diocese of Austin</a>, headquartered at the <a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_Saint_Mary_(Austin,_Texas)" title="Cathedral of Saint Mary (Austin, Texas)">Cathedral of Saint Mary</a>. Nationwide, 23% of Americans identified as Catholic in 2016.<a href="#cite_note-148">[144]</a> Other significant Christian groups in Austin include <a href="/wiki/Baptists" title="Baptists">Baptists</a> (8.7%), followed by <a href="/wiki/Methodism" title="Methodism">Methodists</a> (4.3%), <a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints">Latter-day Saints</a> (1.5%), <a href="/wiki/Anglicanism" title="Anglicanism">Episcopalians or Anglicans</a> (1.0%), <a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutherans</a> (0.8%), <a href="/wiki/Presbyterianism" title="Presbyterianism">Presbyterians</a> (0.6%), <a href="/wiki/Pentecostalism" title="Pentecostalism">Pentecostals</a> (0.3%), and other Christians such as the <a href="/wiki/Christian_Church_(Disciples_of_Christ)" title="Christian Church (Disciples of Christ)">Disciples of Christ</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox Church</a> (7.1%).<a href="#cite_note-TXReligion-147">[143]</a> The second largest religion Austinites identify with is <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> (1.7%); roughly 0.8% of Americans nationwide claimed affiliation with the Islamic faith.<a href="#cite_note-TXReligion-147">[143]</a> The dominant branch of Islam is <a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni Islam</a>. Established in 1977, the largest <a href="/wiki/Mosque" title="Mosque">mosque</a> in Austin is the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Center_of_Greater_Austin" title="Islamic Center of Greater Austin">Islamic Center of Greater Austin</a>. The community is affiliated with the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Society_of_North_America" title="Islamic Society of North America">Islamic Society of North America</a>. <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a> forms less than 0.1% of the religious demographic in Austin. <a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Judaism" title="Orthodox Judaism">Orthodox</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reform_Judaism" title="Reform Judaism">Reform</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Judaism" title="Conservative Judaism">Conservative</a> congregations are present in the community.<a href="#cite_note-TXReligion-147">[143]</a> The same study says that <a href="/wiki/Eastern_religions" title="Eastern religions">eastern faiths</a> including <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a> made up 0.9% of the city's religious population.<a href="#cite_note-TXReligion-147">[143]</a> Several Hindu temples exist in the Austin Metropolitan area with the most notable one being <a href="/wiki/Radha_Madhav_Dham" title="Radha Madhav Dham">Radha Madhav Dham</a>. In addition to those religious groups, Austin is also home to an active secular humanist community, hosting nationwide television shows and charity work.<a href="#cite_note-149">[145]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Homelessness">Homelessness</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Austin,_Texas&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Homelessness">edit</a>]</div> As of 2019, there were 2,255 individuals experiencing homelessness in Travis County. Of those, 1,169 were sheltered and 1,086 were unsheltered.<a href="#cite_note-150">[146]</a> In September 2019, the Austin City Council approved $62.7 million for programs aimed at homelessness, which includes housing displacement prevention, crisis mitigation, and <a href="/wiki/Affordable_housing" title="Affordable housing">affordable housing</a>; the city council also earmarked $500,000 for crisis services and encampment cleanups.<a href="#cite_note-151">[147]</a> In June 2019, following <a href="/wiki/Martin_v._Boise" title="Martin v. Boise">Martin v. Boise</a>, a federal court ruling on homelessness sleeping in public,<a href="#cite_note-152">[148]</a> the Austin City Council lifted a 25-year-old ban on camping, sitting, or lying down in public unless doing so causes an obstruction. The resolution also included the approval of a new housing-focused shelter in South Austin.<a href="#cite_note-153">[149]</a> In early October 2019, Texas Governor <a href="/wiki/Greg_Abbott" title="Greg Abbott">Greg Abbott</a> sent a letter to Mayor Steve Adler threatening to deploy state resources to combat the camping ban repeal.<a href="#cite_note-Bova-154">[150]</a> On October 17, 2019, the City Council revised the camping ordinance, which imposed increased restrictions on sidewalk camping.<a href="#cite_note-Bova-154">[150]</a> In November 2019, the State of Texas opened a temporary homeless encampment on a former vehicle storage yard owned by the <a href="/wiki/Texas_Department_of_Transportation" title="Texas Department of Transportation">Texas Department of Transportation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-155">[151]</a> In May 2021, the camping ban was reinstated after a <a href="/wiki/Referendum" title="Referendum">ballot proposition</a> was approved by 57% of voters. The ban introduces penalties for camping, sitting, or lying down on a public sidewalk or sleeping outdoors in or near Downtown Austin or the area around the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Texas_at_Austin" title="University of Texas at Austin">University of Texas</a> campus. The ordinance also prohibits solicitation at certain locations.<a href="#cite_note-156">[152]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Austin,_Texas&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Economy">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Silicon_Hills" title="Silicon Hills">Silicon Hills</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_based_in_Austin,_Texas" title="List of companies based in Austin, Texas">List of companies based in Austin, Texas</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Biking_in_Congress_Avenue.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Biking_in_Congress_Avenue.JPG/220px-Biking_in_Congress_Avenue.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Biking_in_Congress_Avenue.JPG/330px-Biking_in_Congress_Avenue.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Biking_in_Congress_Avenue.JPG/440px-Biking_in_Congress_Avenue.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>Downtown Austin from Congress Avenue Bridge, with Texas State Capitol in background, 2012</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Greater_Austin" title="Greater Austin">Greater Austin</a> <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_statistical_area" title="Metropolitan statistical area">metropolitan statistical area</a> had a gross domestic product (GDP) of $222 billion in 2022.<a href="#cite_note-157">[153]</a> Austin is considered to be a major center for <a href="/wiki/High_tech" title="High tech">high tech</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CityDataEconomy-158">[154]</a> Thousands of graduates each year from the engineering and computer science programs at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Texas_at_Austin" title="University of Texas at Austin">University of Texas at Austin</a> provide a steady source of employees that help to fuel Austin's technology and defense industry sectors. As a result of the high concentration of high-tech companies in the region, Austin was strongly affected by the <a href="/wiki/Dot-com_bubble" title="Dot-com bubble">dot-com boom</a> in the late 1990s and subsequent bust.<a href="#cite_note-CityDataEconomy-158">[154]</a> Austin's largest employers include the <a href="/wiki/Austin_Independent_School_District" title="Austin Independent School District">Austin Independent School District</a>, the City of Austin, <a href="/wiki/Dell_Technologies" title="Dell Technologies">Dell Technologies</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Federal government of the United States">U.S. Federal Government</a>, <a href="/wiki/NXP_Semiconductors" title="NXP Semiconductors">NXP Semiconductors</a>, <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a>, St. David's Healthcare Partnership, Seton Family of Hospitals, the <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">State of Texas</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Texas_State_University" title="Texas State University">Texas State University</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Texas_at_Austin" title="University of Texas at Austin">University of Texas at Austin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CityDataEconomy-158">[154]</a> Other high-tech companies with operations in Austin include <a href="/wiki/3M" title="3M">3M</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a> (the largest campus outside of Cupertino), <a href="/wiki/Amazon_(company)" title="Amazon (company)">Amazon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Advanced_Micro_Devices" class="mw-redirect" title="Advanced Micro Devices">AMD</a>, Apartment Ratings, <a href="/wiki/Applied_Materials" title="Applied Materials">Applied Materials</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arm_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Arm (company)">Arm</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bigcommerce" class="mw-redirect" title="Bigcommerce">Bigcommerce</a>, <a href="/wiki/BioWare" title="BioWare">BioWare</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blizzard_Entertainment" title="Blizzard Entertainment">Blizzard Entertainment</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buffalo_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Buffalo Technology">Buffalo Technology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cirrus_Logic" title="Cirrus Logic">Cirrus Logic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cisco_Systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Cisco Systems">Cisco Systems</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cloudflare" title="Cloudflare">Cloudflare</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crowdstrike" class="mw-redirect" title="Crowdstrike">Crowdstrike</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dropbox_(service)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dropbox (service)">Dropbox</a>, <a href="/wiki/EBay" title="EBay">eBay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Electronic_Arts" title="Electronic Arts">Electronic Arts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flextronics" class="mw-redirect" title="Flextronics">Flextronics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a>, <a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hewlett-Packard" title="Hewlett-Packard">Hewlett-Packard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hoover%27s" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoover's">Hoover's</a>, <a href="/wiki/HomeAway" title="HomeAway">HomeAway</a>, <a href="/wiki/HostGator" title="HostGator">HostGator</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indeed" title="Indeed">Indeed</a>, <a href="/wiki/Intel_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Intel Corporation">Intel Corporation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meta_Platforms" title="Meta Platforms">Meta</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Instruments" title="National Instruments">National Instruments</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nintendo" title="Nintendo">Nintendo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nvidia" title="Nvidia">Nvidia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oracle_Corporation" title="Oracle Corporation">Oracle</a>, <a href="/wiki/PayPal" title="PayPal">PayPal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polycom" class="mw-redirect" title="Polycom">Polycom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qualcomm,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Qualcomm, Inc.">Qualcomm</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rackspace" class="mw-redirect" title="Rackspace">Rackspace</a>, <a href="/wiki/RetailMeNot,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="RetailMeNot, Inc.">RetailMeNot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rooster_Teeth" title="Rooster Teeth">Rooster Teeth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Samsung" title="Samsung">Samsung Group</a>, <a href="/wiki/Silicon_Labs" title="Silicon Labs">Silicon Labs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spansion" title="Spansion">Spansion</a>, <a href="/wiki/TikTok" title="TikTok">TikTok</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Devices" title="United Devices">United Devices</a>, <a href="/wiki/VMware" title="VMware">VMware</a>, <a href="/wiki/X_Corp." title="X Corp.">X (formerly Twitter)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Xerox" title="Xerox">Xerox</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Zoho_Corporation" title="Zoho Corporation">Zoho Corporation</a>. In 2010, Facebook accepted a grant to build a downtown office that could bring as many as 200 jobs to the city.<a href="#cite_note-159">[155]</a> The proliferation of technology companies has led to the region's nickname, "Silicon Hills", and spurred development that greatly expanded the city. <a href="/wiki/Tesla,_Inc." title="Tesla, Inc.">Tesla, Inc.</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Electric_vehicle" title="Electric vehicle">electric vehicle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Clean_energy" class="mw-redirect" title="Clean energy">clean energy</a> company has its corporate headquarters in Austin inside <a href="/wiki/Gigafactory_Texas" title="Gigafactory Texas">Gigafactory Texas</a>, a large vehicle assembly plant which employs over 20,000 people. The company expects to eventually have a staff of 60,000 in the Austin area as production ramps up.<a href="#cite_note-Hardison_2023-160">[156]</a> Austin is also emerging as a hub for <a href="/wiki/Pharmaceutical_industry" title="Pharmaceutical industry">pharmaceutical</a> and <a href="/wiki/Biotechnology" title="Biotechnology">biotechnology</a> companies; the city is home to about 85 of them.<a href="#cite_note-CityDataEconomy-158">[154]</a> In 2004, the city was ranked by the Milken Institute as the No. 12 biotech and life science center in the United States<a href="#cite_note-161">[157]</a> and in 2018, <a href="/wiki/CBRE_Group" title="CBRE Group">CBRE Group</a> ranked Austin as #3 emerging life sciences cluster.<a href="#cite_note-162">[158]</a> Companies such as <a href="/wiki/Hospira" title="Hospira">Hospira</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pharmaceutical_Product_Development" class="mw-redirect" title="Pharmaceutical Product Development">Pharmaceutical Product Development</a>, and <a href="/wiki/ArthroCare" title="ArthroCare">ArthroCare Corporation</a> are located there. <a href="/wiki/Whole_Foods_Market" title="Whole Foods Market">Whole Foods Market</a>, an international grocery store chain specializing in fresh and packaged food products, was founded and is headquartered in Austin.<a href="#cite_note-163">[159]</a> Other companies based in Austin include <a href="/wiki/NXP_Semiconductors" title="NXP Semiconductors">NXP Semiconductors</a>, <a href="/wiki/GoodPop" title="GoodPop">GoodPop</a>, <a href="/wiki/Temple-Inland" title="Temple-Inland">Temple-Inland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sweet_Leaf_Tea_Company" title="Sweet Leaf Tea Company">Sweet Leaf Tea Company</a>, <a href="/wiki/Keller_Williams_Realty" title="Keller Williams Realty">Keller Williams Realty</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Western_Life" title="National Western Life">National Western Life</a>, <a href="/wiki/GSD%26M" title="GSD&M">GSD&M</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dimensional_Fund_Advisors" title="Dimensional Fund Advisors">Dimensional Fund Advisors</a>, <a href="/wiki/Golfsmith" title="Golfsmith">Golfsmith</a>, <a href="/wiki/Forestar_Group" title="Forestar Group">Forestar Group</a>, <a href="/wiki/EZCorp" title="EZCorp">EZCorp</a>, <a href="/wiki/Outdoor_Voices" title="Outdoor Voices">Outdoor Voices</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tito%27s_Vodka" title="Tito's Vodka">Tito's Vodka</a>, Speak Social, and <a href="/wiki/YETI_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="YETI (company)">YETI</a>. In 2018, Austin metro-area companies saw a total of $1.33 billion invested. In 2018, Austin's venture capital investments accounted for more than 60 percent of Texas' total investments.<a href="#cite_note-164">[160]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Top_employers">Top employers</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Austin,_Texas&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Top employers">edit</a>]</div> According to Austin's <a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_annual_financial_report" class="mw-redirect" title="Comprehensive annual financial report">comprehensive annual financial reports</a>, the top employers by number of employees in the county are the following. "NR" indicates the employer was not ranked among the top ten employers that year. <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Employer </th> <th>Employees (2022)<a href="#cite_note-cafr-2022-165">[161]</a> </th> <th>Employees (2013)<a href="#cite_note-cafr-2022-165">[161]</a> </th> <th>Employees (2004)<a href="#cite_note-cafr-2004-166">[162]</a> </th> <th>Employees (1998)<a href="#cite_note-cafr-1998-167">[163]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Texas" title="Government of Texas">Government of Texas</a> </td> <td align="right">39,306 </td> <td align="right">36,948 </td> <td align="right"><abbr title="not ranked among the top ten employers this year">NR</abbr> </td> <td align="right"><abbr title="not ranked among the top ten employers this year">NR</abbr> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_Texas_at_Austin" title="University of Texas at Austin">University of Texas at Austin</a> </td> <td align="right">29,597 </td> <td align="right">24,183 </td> <td align="right">21,000 </td> <td align="right">20,342 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/H-E-B" title="H-E-B">H-E-B</a> </td> <td align="right">20,749 </td> <td align="right">11,277 </td> <td align="right"><abbr title="not ranked among the top ten employers this year">NR</abbr> </td> <td align="right"><abbr title="not ranked among the top ten employers this year">NR</abbr> </td></tr> <tr> <td>City of Austin </td> <td align="right">15,548 </td> <td align="right">12,372 </td> <td align="right">10,617 </td> <td align="right">10,606 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/U.S._Federal_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Federal Government">Federal government of the United States</a> </td> <td align="right">15,000 </td> <td align="right">10,500 </td> <td align="right">10,200 </td> <td align="right"><abbr title="not ranked among the top ten employers this year">NR</abbr> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dell_Technologies" title="Dell Technologies">Dell Technologies</a> </td> <td align="right">13,000 </td> <td align="right">14,000 </td> <td align="right">16,500 </td> <td align="right">10,700 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Seton_Healthcare_Family" title="Seton Healthcare Family">Ascension Seton</a> </td> <td align="right">12,086 </td> <td align="right">12,609 </td> <td align="right">6,393 </td> <td align="right"><abbr title="not ranked among the top ten employers this year">NR</abbr> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Amazon.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazon.com">Amazon.com</a> </td> <td align="right">11,000 </td> <td align="right"><abbr title="not ranked among the top ten employers this year">NR</abbr> </td> <td align="right"><abbr title="not ranked among the top ten employers this year">NR</abbr> </td> <td align="right"><abbr title="not ranked among the top ten employers this year">NR</abbr> </td></tr> <tr> <td>St. David's Healthcare Partnership </td> <td align="right">10,854 </td> <td align="right">7,950 </td> <td align="right">5,000 </td> <td align="right"><abbr title="not ranked among the top ten employers this year">NR</abbr> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Austin_Independent_School_District" title="Austin Independent School District">Austin Independent School District</a> </td> <td align="right">10,565 </td> <td align="right">11,465 </td> <td align="right">10,714 </td> <td align="right">9,159 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a> </td> <td align="right"><abbr title="not ranked among the top ten employers this year">NR</abbr> </td> <td align="right">6,000 </td> <td align="right">6,200 </td> <td align="right">7,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Freescale_Semiconductor" title="Freescale Semiconductor">Freescale Semiconductor</a> </td> <td align="right"><abbr title="not ranked among the top ten employers this year">NR</abbr> </td> <td align="right"><abbr title="not ranked among the top ten employers this year">NR</abbr> </td> <td align="right">6,500 </td> <td align="right"><abbr title="not ranked among the top ten employers this year">NR</abbr> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Texas_State_University" title="Texas State University">Texas State University</a> </td> <td align="right"><abbr title="not ranked among the top ten employers this year">NR</abbr> </td> <td align="right"><abbr title="not ranked among the top ten employers this year">NR</abbr> </td> <td align="right">5,103 </td> <td align="right"><abbr title="not ranked among the top ten employers this year">NR</abbr> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Motorola" title="Motorola">Motorola</a> </td> <td align="right"><abbr title="not ranked among the top ten employers this year">NR</abbr> </td> <td align="right"><abbr title="not ranked among the top ten employers this year">NR</abbr> </td> <td align="right"><abbr title="not ranked among the top ten employers this year">NR</abbr> </td> <td align="right">10,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Internal_Revenue_Service" title="Internal Revenue Service">Internal Revenue Service</a> </td> <td align="right"><abbr title="not ranked among the top ten employers this year">NR</abbr> </td> <td align="right"><abbr title="not ranked among the top ten employers this year">NR</abbr> </td> <td align="right"><abbr title="not ranked among the top ten employers this year">NR</abbr> </td> <td align="right">5,700 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Texas_Department_of_Health" class="mw-redirect" title="Texas Department of Health">Texas Department of Health</a> </td> <td align="right"><abbr title="not ranked among the top ten employers this year">NR</abbr> </td> <td align="right"><abbr title="not ranked among the top ten employers this year">NR</abbr> </td> <td align="right"><abbr title="not ranked among the top ten employers this year">NR</abbr> </td> <td align="right">5,634 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Micro_Devices" class="mw-redirect" title="Advanced Micro Devices">Advanced Micro Devices</a> </td> <td align="right"><abbr title="not ranked among the top ten employers this year">NR</abbr> </td> <td align="right"><abbr title="not ranked among the top ten employers this year">NR</abbr> </td> <td align="right"><abbr title="not ranked among the top ten employers this year">NR</abbr> </td> <td align="right">4,200 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Texas_Department_of_Public_Safety" title="Texas Department of Public Safety">Texas Department of Public Safety</a> </td> <td align="right"><abbr title="not ranked among the top ten employers this year">NR</abbr> </td> <td align="right"><abbr title="not ranked among the top ten employers this year">NR</abbr> </td> <td align="right"><abbr title="not ranked among the top ten employers this year">NR</abbr> </td> <td align="right">4,000 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Technology">Technology</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Austin,_Texas&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Technology">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WebAI" title="WebAI">WebAI</a>, privacy-focused artificial intelligence (AI) solutions<a href="#cite_note-168">[164]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transportation">Transportation</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Austin,_Texas&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Transportation">edit</a>]</div> In 2009, 72.7% of Austin (city) commuters drove alone, with other <a href="/wiki/Mode_share" class="mw-redirect" title="Mode share">mode shares</a> being: 10.4% carpool, 6% were <a href="/wiki/Remote_work" title="Remote work">remote workers</a>, 5% use transit, 2.3% walk, and 1% bicycle.<a href="#cite_note-169">[165]</a><a href="#cite_note-170">[166]</a> In 2016, the <a href="/wiki/American_Community_Survey" title="American Community Survey">American Community Survey</a> estimated modal shares for Austin (city) commuters of 73.5% for driving alone, 9.6% for carpooling, 3.6% for riding transit, 2% for walking, and 1.5% for cycling.<a href="#cite_note-171">[167]</a> The city of Austin has a lower than average percentage of households without a car. In 2015, 6.9 percent of Austin households lacked a car, and decreased slightly to 6 percent in 2016. The national average was 8.7 percent in 2016. Austin averaged 1.65 cars per household in 2016, compared to a national average of 1.8.<a href="#cite_note-172">[168]</a> In mid-2019, <a href="/wiki/TomTom" title="TomTom">TomTom</a> ranked Austin as having the worst <a href="/wiki/Traffic_congestion" title="Traffic congestion">traffic congestion</a> in Texas, as well as 19th nationally and 179th globally.<a href="#cite_note-173">[169]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Highways">Highways</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Austin,_Texas&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Highways">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pennybacker_bridge_sunset_2006.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Pennybacker_bridge_sunset_2006.jpg/220px-Pennybacker_bridge_sunset_2006.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Pennybacker_bridge_sunset_2006.jpg/330px-Pennybacker_bridge_sunset_2006.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Pennybacker_bridge_sunset_2006.jpg/440px-Pennybacker_bridge_sunset_2006.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1802" data-file-height="1201" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Pennybacker_Bridge" title="Pennybacker Bridge">Pennybacker Bridge</a> is the signature element of <a href="/wiki/Texas_Loop_360" class="mw-redirect" title="Texas Loop 360">Loop 360</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Texas_Hill_Country" title="Texas Hill Country">Texas Hill Country</a>.</figcaption></figure> Central Austin lies between two major north–south freeways: <a href="/wiki/Interstate_35_in_Texas" title="Interstate 35 in Texas">I-35</a> to the east and the <a href="/wiki/Texas_State_Highway_Loop_1" title="Texas State Highway Loop 1">Mopac Expressway (Loop 1)</a> to the west. <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_183_in_Texas" title="U.S. Route 183 in Texas">US 183</a> runs from northwest to southeast, and <a href="/wiki/Texas_State_Highway_71" title="Texas State Highway 71">SH 71</a> crosses the southern part of the city from east to west, completing a rough "box" around central and north-central Austin. Austin is the largest city in the United States to be served by only one Interstate Highway. <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_290" title="U.S. Route 290">US 290</a> enters Austin from the east and merges into I-35. Its highway designation continues south on I-35 and then becomes part of SH 71, continuing to the west. Highway 290 splits from Highway 71 in southwest Austin, in an interchange known as "The Y." SH 71 continues to <a href="/wiki/Brady,_Texas" title="Brady, Texas">Brady, Texas</a>, and Highway 290 continues west to intersect <a href="/wiki/Interstate_10_in_Texas" title="Interstate 10 in Texas">I-10</a> near <a href="/wiki/Junction,_Texas" title="Junction, Texas">Junction</a>. Interstate 35 continues south through <a href="/wiki/San_Antonio" title="San Antonio">San Antonio</a> to <a href="/wiki/Laredo,_Texas" title="Laredo, Texas">Laredo</a> on the Texas-Mexico border. Interstate 35 is the highway link to the Dallas-Fort Worth metroplex in Northern Texas. There are two links to Houston (US 290 and SH 71/I-10). US 183 leads northwest of Austin toward <a href="/wiki/Lampasas,_Texas" title="Lampasas, Texas">Lampasas</a>. In the mid-1980s, construction was completed on <a href="/wiki/Texas_State_Highway_Loop_360" title="Texas State Highway Loop 360">Loop 360</a>, a scenic highway that curves through the hill country from near the 71/Mopac interchange in the south to near the US 183/Mopac interchange in the north. The iconic <a href="/wiki/Pennybacker_Bridge" title="Pennybacker Bridge">Pennybacker Bridge</a>, also known as the "360 Bridge," crosses Lake Austin to connect the northern and southern portions of Loop 360. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Tollways">Tollways</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Austin,_Texas&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Tollways">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Texas45.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Texas45.jpg/220px-Texas45.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Texas45.jpg/330px-Texas45.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Texas45.jpg/440px-Texas45.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="582" /></a><figcaption>Interchange of <a href="/wiki/Interstate_35" title="Interstate 35">Interstate 35</a> and <a href="/wiki/State_Highway_45_(Texas)" class="mw-redirect" title="State Highway 45 (Texas)">State Highway 45</a></figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Texas_State_Highway_130" title="Texas State Highway 130">SH 130</a> is a bypass route designed to relieve <a href="/wiki/Traffic_congestion" title="Traffic congestion">traffic congestion</a>, starting from Interstate 35 just north of Georgetown and running along a parallel route to the east, where it bypasses <a href="/wiki/Round_Rock,_Texas" title="Round Rock, Texas">Round Rock</a>, Austin, <a href="/wiki/San_Marcos,_Texas" title="San Marcos, Texas">San Marcos</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_Braunfels,_Texas" title="New Braunfels, Texas">New Braunfels</a> before ending at <a href="/wiki/Interstate_10_in_Texas" title="Interstate 10 in Texas">I-10</a> east of <a href="/wiki/Seguin,_Texas" title="Seguin, Texas">Seguin</a>, where drivers could drive 30 miles (48 km) west to return to I-35 in <a href="/wiki/San_Antonio" title="San Antonio">San Antonio</a>. The first segment was opened in November 2006, which was located east of <a href="/wiki/Austin%E2%80%93Bergstrom_International_Airport" title="Austin–Bergstrom International Airport">Austin–Bergstrom International Airport</a> at Austin's southeast corner on <a href="/wiki/Texas_State_Highway_71" title="Texas State Highway 71">SH 71</a>. Highway 130 runs concurrently with SH 45 from <a href="/wiki/Pflugerville,_Texas" title="Pflugerville, Texas">Pflugerville</a> on the north until it reaches <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_183_in_Texas" title="U.S. Route 183 in Texas">US 183</a> well south of Austin, at which point <a href="/wiki/Texas_State_Highway_45" title="Texas State Highway 45">SR 45</a> continues west. The entire route of SH 130 is now complete. The final leg opened on November 1, 2012. The highway is noted for having a maximum speed limit of 85 mph (137 km/h) for the entire route. The 41-mile (66 km) section of the toll road between Mustang Ridge and Seguin has a posted speed limit of 85 mph (137 km/h), the highest posted <a href="/wiki/Speed_limits_in_the_United_States" title="Speed limits in the United States">speed limit in the United States</a>. <a href="/wiki/Texas_State_Highway_45" title="Texas State Highway 45">SH 45</a> runs east–west from just south of US 183 in <a href="/wiki/Cedar_Park,_Texas" title="Cedar Park, Texas">Cedar Park</a> to 130 inside <a href="/wiki/Pflugerville,_Texas" title="Pflugerville, Texas">Pflugerville</a> (just east of Round Rock). A tolled extension of State Highway Loop 1 was also created. A new southeast leg of SH 45 has recently been completed, running from US 183 and the south end of Segment 5 of TX-130 south of Austin due west to I-35 at the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Farm_to_Market_Roads_in_Texas#FM_1327" title="List of Farm to Market Roads in Texas">FM 1327</a>/Creedmoor Road exit between the south end of Austin and <a href="/wiki/Buda,_Texas" title="Buda, Texas">Buda</a>. The 183A Toll Road opened in March 2007, providing a tolled alternative to US 183 through the cities of <a href="/wiki/Leander,_Texas" title="Leander, Texas">Leander</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cedar_Park,_Texas" title="Cedar Park, Texas">Cedar Park</a>. Currently under construction is a change to East US 290 from US 183 to the town of Manor. Officially, the tollway will be dubbed Tollway 290 with "Manor Expressway" as nickname. Despite the overwhelming initial opposition to the toll road concept when it was first announced, all three toll roads have exceeded revenue projections.<a href="#cite_note-Wear_2009-174">[170]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Airports">Airports</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Austin,_Texas&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Airports">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AUSCentralConcourse.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/AUSCentralConcourse.JPG/220px-AUSCentralConcourse.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/AUSCentralConcourse.JPG/330px-AUSCentralConcourse.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/AUSCentralConcourse.JPG/440px-AUSCentralConcourse.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2431" data-file-height="1620" /></a><figcaption>The Barbara Jordan Terminal at <a href="/wiki/Austin%E2%80%93Bergstrom_International_Airport" title="Austin–Bergstrom International Airport">Austin–Bergstrom International Airport</a></figcaption></figure> Austin's primary airport is <a href="/wiki/Austin%E2%80%93Bergstrom_International_Airport" title="Austin–Bergstrom International Airport">Austin–Bergstrom International Airport</a> (ABIA) (<a href="/wiki/List_of_airports_by_IATA_code:_A#AU" class="mw-redirect" title="List of airports by IATA code: A">IATA code</a> AUS), located 5 miles (8 km) southeast of the city. The airport is on the site of the former <a href="/wiki/Bergstrom_Air_Force_Base" title="Bergstrom Air Force Base">Bergstrom Air Force Base</a>, which was closed in 1993 as part of the <a href="/wiki/Base_Realignment_and_Closure" title="Base Realignment and Closure">Base Realignment and Closure</a> process. Until 1999, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Mueller_Municipal_Airport" title="Robert Mueller Municipal Airport">Robert Mueller Municipal Airport</a> was Austin's main airport until ABIA took that role and the old airport was shut down.<a href="#cite_note-LA_Times_Closed-175">[171]</a> <a href="/wiki/Austin_Executive_Airport" title="Austin Executive Airport">Austin Executive Airport</a>, along with several smaller airports outside the city center, serves general aviation traffic. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Intercity_transit">Intercity transit</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Austin,_Texas&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Intercity transit">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Texas_Eagle_arriving_in_Austin,_en_route_from_Los_Angeles_to_Chicago.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Texas_Eagle_arriving_in_Austin%2C_en_route_from_Los_Angeles_to_Chicago.jpg/220px-Texas_Eagle_arriving_in_Austin%2C_en_route_from_Los_Angeles_to_Chicago.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Texas_Eagle_arriving_in_Austin%2C_en_route_from_Los_Angeles_to_Chicago.jpg/330px-Texas_Eagle_arriving_in_Austin%2C_en_route_from_Los_Angeles_to_Chicago.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Texas_Eagle_arriving_in_Austin%2C_en_route_from_Los_Angeles_to_Chicago.jpg/440px-Texas_Eagle_arriving_in_Austin%2C_en_route_from_Los_Angeles_to_Chicago.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3601" data-file-height="2653" /></a><figcaption>Amtrak's Texas Eagle stops in Austin twice daily.</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Amtrak" title="Amtrak">Amtrak</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Austin_(Amtrak_station)" class="mw-redirect" title="Austin (Amtrak station)">Austin station</a> is located in west downtown and is served by the <a href="/wiki/Texas_Eagle" title="Texas Eagle">Texas Eagle</a> which runs daily between Chicago and San Antonio, continuing on to Los Angeles several times a week.<a href="#cite_note-Amtrak_Texas_Eagle-176">[172]</a> Railway segments between Austin and San Antonio have been evaluated for a proposed regional passenger rail project called "Lone Star Rail". However, failure to come to an agreement with the track's current owner, <a href="/wiki/Union_Pacific_Railroad" title="Union Pacific Railroad">Union Pacific Railroad</a>, ended the project in 2016.<a href="#cite_note-Maas_2016-177">[173]</a> <a href="/wiki/Greyhound_Lines" title="Greyhound Lines">Greyhound Lines</a> operates the current Austin Bus Station at the Eastside Bus Plaza <a href="#cite_note-178">[174]</a> Grupo Senda's Turimex Internacional service operates bus service from Austin to Nuevo Laredo and on to many destinations in Mexico from their station in East Austin.<a href="#cite_note-Turimex-179">[175]</a> <a href="/wiki/Megabus_(North_America)" title="Megabus (North America)">Megabus</a> offers daily service to San Antonio, Dallas/Fort Worth and Houston.<a href="#cite_note-Megabus_PR-180">[176]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Public_transportation">Public transportation</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Austin,_Texas&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Public transportation">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/CapMetro" title="CapMetro">CapMetro</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Austin_Metrorail.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Austin_Metrorail.jpg/220px-Austin_Metrorail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Austin_Metrorail.jpg/330px-Austin_Metrorail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Austin_Metrorail.jpg/440px-Austin_Metrorail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/CapMetro_Rail" title="CapMetro Rail">CapMetro Rail</a> train at <a href="/wiki/Downtown_station_(CapMetro_Rail)" title="Downtown station (CapMetro Rail)">Downtown station</a></figcaption></figure> The Capital Metropolitan Transportation Authority (<a href="/wiki/CapMetro" title="CapMetro">CapMetro</a>) provides public transportation to the city, primarily with its <a href="/wiki/CapMetro_Bus" title="CapMetro Bus">CapMetro Bus</a> local bus service, the <a href="/wiki/CapMetro_Bus#CapMetro_Express" title="CapMetro Bus">CapMetro Express</a> express bus system, as well as a <a href="/wiki/Bus_rapid_transit" title="Bus rapid transit">bus rapid transit</a> service, <a href="/wiki/CapMetro_Rapid" title="CapMetro Rapid">CapMetro Rapid</a>. CapMetro opened a 32-mile (51 km) <a href="/wiki/Light_rail_in_the_United_States#"Hybrid_rail_systems"" title="Light rail in the United States">hybrid rail</a> system, <a href="/wiki/CapMetro_Rail" title="CapMetro Rail">CapMetro Rail</a>, in 2010.<a href="#cite_note-Cap_Metro_All_Systems_Go_2009-181">[177]</a> The system consists of a single line serving downtown Austin, the neighborhoods of East Austin, <a href="/wiki/North_Central_Austin" title="North Central Austin">North Central Austin</a>, and Northwest Austin plus the suburb of <a href="/wiki/Leander,_Texas" title="Leander, Texas">Leander</a>. Since it began operations in 1985, CapMetro has proposed adding <a href="/wiki/Light_rail" title="Light rail">light rail</a> services to its network. Despite support from the City Council, voters rejected light rail proposals in 2000<a href="#cite_note-Clark-Madison_2000-182">[178]</a> and 2014.<a href="#cite_note-Curington_2014-183">[179]</a> However, in 2020, voters approved CapMetro's US$10 billion transit expansion plan, <a href="/wiki/Project_Connect" title="Project Connect">Project Connect</a>, by a comfortable margin. The plan proposes 2 new light rail lines, an additional bus rapid transit line (which could be converted to light rail in the future), a second commuter rail line, several new MetroRapid lines, more MetroExpress routes, and a number of other infrastructure, technology and service expansion projects.<a href="#cite_note-Cap_Metro_Project_Connect-184">[180]</a> <a href="/wiki/Capital_Area_Rural_Transportation_System" title="Capital Area Rural Transportation System">Capital Area Rural Transportation System</a> connects Austin with outlying suburbs and surrounding rural areas. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ride_sharing">Ride sharing</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Austin,_Texas&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Ride sharing">edit</a>]</div> Austin is served by several <a href="/wiki/Ridesharing_company" title="Ridesharing company">ride-sharing</a> companies including <a href="/wiki/Uber" title="Uber">Uber</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lyft" title="Lyft">Lyft</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Uber_Austin-185">[181]</a><a href="#cite_note-Lyft_Austin-186">[182]</a><a href="#cite_note-RideAustin-187">[183]</a> On May 9, 2016, Uber and Lyft voluntarily ceased operations in Austin in response to a city ordinance that required ride sharing company drivers to get fingerprint checks, have their vehicles labeled, and not pick up or drop off in certain city lanes.<a href="#cite_note-MacMillan_2016-188">[184]</a><a href="#cite_note-Woodyard_2016-189">[185]</a> Uber and Lyft resumed service in the summer of 2017.<a href="#cite_note-Samuels_2017-190">[186]</a> The city was previously served by <a href="/wiki/Fasten_(company)" title="Fasten (company)">Fasten</a> until they ceased all operations in the city in March 2018.<a href="#cite_note-Jechow_2018-191">[187]</a> Austin is also served by Electric Cab of North America's six-passenger <a href="/wiki/Electric_car" title="Electric car">electric cabs</a> that operate on a flexible route from the <a href="/wiki/Kramer_station" title="Kramer station">Kramer MetroRail Station</a> to <a href="/wiki/The_Domain_(Austin,_Texas)" title="The Domain (Austin, Texas)">Domain Northside</a> and from the <a href="/wiki/Downtown_station_(CapMetro_Rail)" title="Downtown station (CapMetro Rail)">Downtown CapMetro Rail station</a> and MetroRapid stops to locations between the <a href="/wiki/Austin_Convention_Center" title="Austin Convention Center">Austin Convention Center</a> and near Sixth and Bowie streets by <a href="/wiki/Whole_Foods" class="mw-redirect" title="Whole Foods">Whole Foods</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Denney_2018-192">[188]</a> <a href="/wiki/Carsharing" title="Carsharing">Carsharing</a> service <a href="/wiki/Zipcar" title="Zipcar">Zipcar</a> operates in Austin and, until 2019, the city was also served by <a href="/wiki/Car2Go" class="mw-redirect" title="Car2Go">Car2Go</a> which kept its North American headquarters in the city even after pulling out.<a href="#cite_note-Turner_2019-193">[189]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Cycling_and_walking">Cycling and walking</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Austin,_Texas&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Cycling and walking">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pfluger_Pedestrian_Bridge.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Pfluger_Pedestrian_Bridge.jpg/280px-Pfluger_Pedestrian_Bridge.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Pfluger_Pedestrian_Bridge.jpg/420px-Pfluger_Pedestrian_Bridge.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Pfluger_Pedestrian_Bridge.jpg/560px-Pfluger_Pedestrian_Bridge.jpg 2x" data-file-width="10026" data-file-height="3078" /></a><figcaption>The Pfluger Pedestrian Bridge over the Colorado River</figcaption></figure> The city's bike advocacy organization is Bike Austin.<a href="#cite_note-194">[190]</a> BikeTexas, a state-level advocacy organization, also has its main office in Austin.<a href="#cite_note-195">[191]</a> <a href="/wiki/Bicycle" title="Bicycle">Bicycles</a> are a popular transportation choice among students, faculty, and staff at the University of Texas. According to a survey done at the University of Texas, 57% of commuters bike to campus.<a href="#cite_note-196">[192]</a> The City of Austin and CapMetro jointly own a <a href="/wiki/Bike-sharing" class="mw-redirect" title="Bike-sharing">bike-sharing</a> service, <a href="/wiki/CapMetro#Other_services" title="CapMetro">CapMetro Bike</a>, which is available in and around downtown. The service is a franchise of <a href="/wiki/BCycle" title="BCycle">BCycle</a>, a national bike sharing network owned by <a href="/wiki/Trek_Bicycle" class="mw-redirect" title="Trek Bicycle">Trek Bicycle</a>, and is operated by local nonprofit organization Bike Share of Austin.<a href="#cite_note-197">[193]</a> Until 2020 the service was known as Austin BCycle.<a href="#cite_note-198">[194]</a> In 2018, <a href="/wiki/LimeBike" class="mw-redirect" title="LimeBike">Lime</a> began offering <a href="/wiki/Dockless_bikes" class="mw-redirect" title="Dockless bikes">dockless bikes</a>, which do not need to be docked at a designated station.<a href="#cite_note-199">[195]</a> In 2018, <a href="/wiki/Scooter-sharing_system" title="Scooter-sharing system">scooter-sharing</a> companies <a href="/wiki/Lime_(transportation_company)" title="Lime (transportation company)">Lime</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bird_Global" title="Bird Global">Bird</a> debuted <a href="/wiki/Scooter-sharing_system" title="Scooter-sharing system">rentable electric scooters</a> in Austin. The city briefly banned the scooters — which began operations before the city could implement a permitting system — until the city completed development of their "dockless mobility" permitting process on May 1, 2018.<a href="#cite_note-200">[196]</a> Dockless electric scooters and bikes are banned from Austin city parks and the <a href="/wiki/Lady_Bird_Lake#Ann_and_Roy_Butler_Hike-and-Bike_Trail_and_Boardwalk" title="Lady Bird Lake">Ann and Roy Butler Trail and Boardwalk</a>.<a href="#cite_note-201">[197]</a> For the 2018 <a href="/wiki/Austin_City_Limits_Music_Festival" title="Austin City Limits Music Festival">Austin City Limits Music Festival</a>, the city of Austin offered a designated parking area for dockless bikes and scooters.<a href="#cite_note-202">[198]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Parking_lots">Parking lots</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Austin,_Texas&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Parking lots">edit</a>]</div> As of 2 November 2023, Austin (Texas) is the biggest city in the US that abolished the requirement for parking minimum - for encouraging walking, biking, public transit, lowering the cost of housing and increase the amount of housing units that can be built in the city territory. <a href="/wiki/Portland,_Oregon" title="Portland, Oregon">Portland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Minneapolis" title="Minneapolis">Minneapolis</a> also took this action.<a href="#cite_note-203">[199]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Austin,_Texas&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Culture">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Museum_weird_2012.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Museum_weird_2012.jpg/220px-Museum_weird_2012.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Museum_weird_2012.jpg/330px-Museum_weird_2012.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Museum_weird_2012.jpg/440px-Museum_weird_2012.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1817" data-file-height="1211" /></a><figcaption>Museum of the Weird on Sixth Street</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mexican_American_Cultural_Center,_Austin,_TX_IMG_6232.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Mexican_American_Cultural_Center%2C_Austin%2C_TX_IMG_6232.JPG/220px-Mexican_American_Cultural_Center%2C_Austin%2C_TX_IMG_6232.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Mexican_American_Cultural_Center%2C_Austin%2C_TX_IMG_6232.JPG/330px-Mexican_American_Cultural_Center%2C_Austin%2C_TX_IMG_6232.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Mexican_American_Cultural_Center%2C_Austin%2C_TX_IMG_6232.JPG/440px-Mexican_American_Cultural_Center%2C_Austin%2C_TX_IMG_6232.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>The Emma S. Barrientos Mexican American Cultural Center, located on Lady Bird Lake at 600 River Street</figcaption></figure> "Keep Austin Weird" has been a local <a href="/wiki/Motto" title="Motto">motto</a> for years, featured on bumper stickers and T-shirts. This motto has not only been used in promoting Austin's eccentricity and diversity, but is also meant to bolster support of local independent businesses.<a href="#cite_note-weird-23">[22]</a> According to the 2010 book <a href="/wiki/Weird_City" title="Weird City">Weird City</a> the phrase was begun by a local Austin Community College librarian, Red Wassenich, and his wife, Karen Pavelka, who were concerned about Austin's "rapid descent into commercialism and overdevelopment."<a href="#cite_note-Long_2010-19">[18]</a> The slogan has been interpreted many ways since its inception, but remains an important symbol for many Austinites who wish to voice concerns over rapid growth and development. Austin has a long history of vocal citizen resistance to development projects perceived to degrade the environment, or to threaten the natural and cultural landscapes.<a href="#cite_note-Swearingen_2010-204">[200]</a> According to the <a href="/wiki/Nielsen_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Nielsen Company">Nielsen Company</a>, adults in Austin read and contribute to blogs more than those in any other U.S. metropolitan area.<a href="#cite_note-Nielsen_Company-205">[201]</a> Austin residents have the highest Internet usage in all of Texas.<a href="#cite_note-Nielsen_Company-205">[201]</a> In 2013, Austin was the most active city on <a href="/wiki/Reddit" title="Reddit">Reddit</a>, having the largest number of views per capita.<a href="#cite_note-Dunbar_2013-206">[202]</a> <a href="/wiki/South_Congress" title="South Congress">South Congress</a> is a shopping district stretching down South Congress Avenue from Downtown. This area is home to coffee shops, eccentric stores, restaurants, food trucks, trailers, and festivals. It prides itself on "Keeping Austin Weird," especially with development in the surrounding area(s). Many Austinites attribute its enduring popularity to the magnificent and unobstructed <a href="/wiki/Texas_Capitol_View_Corridors" title="Texas Capitol View Corridors">view</a> of the Texas State Capitol.<a href="#cite_note-Patoski_2010-36">[35]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Rainey_Street_Historic_District" title="Rainey Street Historic District">Rainey Street Historic District</a> is a neighborhood in Downtown Austin formerly consisting of <a href="/wiki/Bungalow" title="Bungalow">bungalow</a> style homes built in the early 20th century. Since the early 2010s, the former <a href="/wiki/Working_class" title="Working class">working class</a> residential street has turned into a popular nightlife district. Much of the historic homes have been renovated into hotels, condominiums, bars and restaurants, many of which feature large porches and outdoor yards for patrons.<a href="#cite_note-207">[203]</a> The Rainey Street district is also home to the Emma S. Barrientos Mexican American Cultural Center. Austin has been part of the <a href="/wiki/Creative_Cities_Network" title="Creative Cities Network">UNESCO Creative Cities Network</a> under <a href="/wiki/Media_arts" class="mw-redirect" title="Media arts">Media Arts</a> the category.<a href="#cite_note-208">[204]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Old_Austin">Old Austin</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Austin,_Texas&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Old Austin">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Austin_Texas_Rent.webp" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Austin_Texas_Rent.webp/220px-Austin_Texas_Rent.webp.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Austin_Texas_Rent.webp/330px-Austin_Texas_Rent.webp.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Austin_Texas_Rent.webp/440px-Austin_Texas_Rent.webp.png 2x" data-file-width="1436" data-file-height="424" /></a><figcaption>Austin, Texas average monthly rent</figcaption></figure> "Old Austin" is an <a href="/wiki/Adage" class="mw-redirect" title="Adage">adage</a> often used by <a href="/wiki/Nostalgic" class="mw-redirect" title="Nostalgic">nostalgic</a> natives.<a href="#cite_note-209">[205]</a> The term "Old Austin" refers to a time when the city was smaller and more <a href="/wiki/Bohemianism" title="Bohemianism">bohemian</a> with a considerably lower cost of living and better known for its lack of traffic, <a href="/wiki/Hipster_(contemporary_subculture)" title="Hipster (contemporary subculture)">hipsters</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Urban_sprawl" title="Urban sprawl">urban sprawl</a>.<a href="#cite_note-210">[206]</a> It is often employed by longtime residents expressing displeasure at the rapidly changing culture,<a href="#cite_note-211">[207]</a> or when referencing nostalgia of Austin culture.<a href="#cite_note-212">[208]</a> The growth and popularity of Austin<a href="#cite_note-213">[209]</a> can be seen by the expansive development taking place in its downtown landscape.<a href="#cite_note-214">[210]</a> This growth can have a negative impact on longtime small businesses that cannot keep up with the expenses associated with <a href="/wiki/Gentrification" title="Gentrification">gentrification</a> and the rising cost of real estate.<a href="#cite_note-215">[211]</a> A former Austin musician, <a href="/wiki/Dale_Watson_(singer)" title="Dale Watson (singer)">Dale Watson</a>, described his move away from Austin, "I just really feel the city has sold itself. Just because you're going to get $45 million for a company to come to town – if it's not in the best interest of the town, I don't think they should do it. This city was never about money. It was about quality of life."<a href="#cite_note-216">[212]</a> Though much is changing rapidly in Austin, businesses such as Thundercloud Subs are thought by many to maintain classic Austin business cultural sentiments unique to the history of the city; as Diana Burgess stated, "I definitely appreciate that they haven't raised their prices a ton or made things super fancy. I think it speaks to that original Old Austin vibe. A lot of us that grew up here really appreciate that."<a href="#cite_note-217">[213]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Annual_cultural_events">Annual cultural events</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Austin,_Texas&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Annual cultural events">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Category:Festivals_in_Austin,_Texas" title="Category:Festivals in Austin, Texas">Category:Festivals in Austin, Texas</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sixth_Street_(Austin)_at_night.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Sixth_Street_%28Austin%29_at_night.jpg/220px-Sixth_Street_%28Austin%29_at_night.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Sixth_Street_%28Austin%29_at_night.jpg/330px-Sixth_Street_%28Austin%29_at_night.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Sixth_Street_%28Austin%29_at_night.jpg/440px-Sixth_Street_%28Austin%29_at_night.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sixth_Street_(Austin,_Texas)" title="Sixth Street (Austin, Texas)">Sixth Street</a> on a weekend night</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/William_Sidney_Porter_House" title="William Sidney Porter House">O. Henry House</a> Museum hosts the annual <a href="/wiki/O._Henry_Pun-Off" title="O. Henry Pun-Off">O. Henry Pun-Off</a>, a pun contest where the successful contestants exhibit wit akin to that of the author <a href="/wiki/William_Sydney_Porter" class="mw-redirect" title="William Sydney Porter">William Sydney Porter</a>. Other annual events include <a href="/wiki/Eeyore%27s_Birthday_Party" title="Eeyore's Birthday Party">Eeyore's Birthday Party</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spamarama" title="Spamarama">Spamarama</a>, Austin <a href="/wiki/LGBT_pride" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT pride">Pride</a> Festival & Parade in August, the Austin Reggae Festival in April,<a href="#cite_note-218">[214]</a> Kite Festival, Texas Craft Brewers Festival in September,<a href="#cite_note-219">[215]</a> Art City Austin in April,<a href="#cite_note-220">[216]</a> East Austin Studio Tour in November,<a href="#cite_note-221">[217]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carnaval_Brasileiro_in_Austin,_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="Carnaval Brasileiro in Austin, Texas">Carnaval Brasileiro</a> in February. Sixth Street features annual festivals such as the <a href="/wiki/Pecan_Street_Festival" title="Pecan Street Festival">Pecan Street Festival</a> and Halloween night. The three-day <a href="/wiki/Austin_City_Limits_Music_Festival" title="Austin City Limits Music Festival">Austin City Limits Music Festival</a> has been held in <a href="/wiki/Zilker_Park" title="Zilker Park">Zilker Park</a> every year since 2002. Every year around the end of March and the beginning of April, Austin is home to "Texas Relay Weekend." Austin's Zilker Park Tree is a Christmas display made of lights strung from the top of a <a href="/wiki/Moonlight_tower" title="Moonlight tower">Moonlight tower</a> in Zilker Park. The Zilker Tree is lit in December along with the "Trail of Lights," an Austin Christmas tradition. The Trail of Lights was canceled four times, first starting in 2001 and 2002 due to the September 11 Attacks, and again in 2010 and 2011 due to budget shortfalls, but the trail was turned back on for the 2012 holiday season.<a href="#cite_note-222">[218]</a> From 1962 to 1998, the <a href="/wiki/Austin_Aqua_Festival" title="Austin Aqua Festival">Austin Aqua Festival</a>, or "Aqua Fest", took place on the shores of Town Lake (now known as <a href="/wiki/Lady_Bird_Lake" title="Lady Bird Lake">Lady Bird Lake</a>). Originally conceived as a summer tourism draw, the multi-day event evolved from water-themed activities to a broader civic festival due to growth and community interest. Eventually attendance and financial solvency began to dwindle as larger music and summer festivals grew in prominence. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cuisine_and_breweries">Cuisine and breweries</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Austin,_Texas&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Cuisine and breweries">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Two_of_many_food_trucks_and_trailers_that_serve_the_eclectic_South_Austin_neighborhood_of_Austin,_Texas_LCCN2014632540.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Two_of_many_food_trucks_and_trailers_that_serve_the_eclectic_South_Austin_neighborhood_of_Austin%2C_Texas_LCCN2014632540.tif/lossy-page1-220px-Two_of_many_food_trucks_and_trailers_that_serve_the_eclectic_South_Austin_neighborhood_of_Austin%2C_Texas_LCCN2014632540.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Two_of_many_food_trucks_and_trailers_that_serve_the_eclectic_South_Austin_neighborhood_of_Austin%2C_Texas_LCCN2014632540.tif/lossy-page1-330px-Two_of_many_food_trucks_and_trailers_that_serve_the_eclectic_South_Austin_neighborhood_of_Austin%2C_Texas_LCCN2014632540.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Two_of_many_food_trucks_and_trailers_that_serve_the_eclectic_South_Austin_neighborhood_of_Austin%2C_Texas_LCCN2014632540.tif/lossy-page1-440px-Two_of_many_food_trucks_and_trailers_that_serve_the_eclectic_South_Austin_neighborhood_of_Austin%2C_Texas_LCCN2014632540.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7360" data-file-height="4912" /></a><figcaption>A food truck trailer park in South Austin</figcaption></figure> Notable Austin cuisine includes <a href="/wiki/Texas_barbecue" class="mw-redirect" title="Texas barbecue">Texas barbecue</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tex-Mex" title="Tex-Mex">Tex-Mex</a>; <a href="/wiki/Franklin_Barbecue" title="Franklin Barbecue">Franklin Barbecue</a> in Austin's has sold out of <a href="/wiki/Brisket" title="Brisket">brisket</a> every day since its establishment.<a href="#cite_note-223">[219]</a><a href="#cite_note-224">[220]</a> <a href="/wiki/Breakfast_taco" class="mw-redirect" title="Breakfast taco">Breakfast tacos</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chili_con_queso" class="mw-redirect" title="Chili con queso">queso</a> are popular food items in the city; Austin is sometimes called the "home of the breakfast taco."<a href="#cite_note-225">[221]</a> <a href="/wiki/Kolach_(cake)" title="Kolach (cake)">Kolaches</a> are a common pastry in Austin bakeries due to the large <a href="/wiki/Czech_Americans" title="Czech Americans">Czech</a> and <a href="/wiki/German_Americans" title="German Americans">German</a> immigrant population in Texas.<a href="#cite_note-226">[222]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Oasis_Restaurant" title="Oasis Restaurant">Oasis Restaurant</a> is the largest outdoor restaurant in Texas, which promotes itself as the "Sunset Capital of Texas" with its terraced views looking West over <a href="/wiki/Lake_Travis" title="Lake Travis">Lake Travis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-227">[223]</a> <a href="/wiki/Birdie%27s" title="Birdie's">Birdie's</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Counter_service" class="mw-redirect" title="Counter service">counter-service</a> restaurant and wine bar that opened in 2021, was Food & Wine's 2023 Restaurant of the Year.<a href="#cite_note-:0-228">[224]</a><a href="#cite_note-:6-229">[225]</a><a href="#cite_note-:3-230">[226]</a> P. Terry's, an Austin-based fast food burger chain, has a loyal following among Austinites.<a href="#cite_note-231">[227]</a> Some other Austin-based chain restaurants include <a href="/wiki/Amy%27s_Ice_Creams" title="Amy's Ice Creams">Amy's Ice Creams</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chuy%27s" title="Chuy's">Chuy's</a>, <a href="/wiki/DoubleDave%27s_Pizzaworks" title="DoubleDave's Pizzaworks">DoubleDave's Pizzaworks</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Schlotzky%27s" class="mw-redirect" title="Schlotzky's">Schlotzky's</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Chili%27s_at_45th_and_Lamar" title="Chili's at 45th and Lamar">Chili's at 45th and Lamar</a> has been the subject of internet memes since 2011.<a href="#cite_note-232">[228]</a><a href="#cite_note-statesman-233">[229]</a><a href="#cite_note-234">[230]</a><a href="#cite_note-235">[231]</a> Austin is also home to a large number of <a href="/wiki/Food_trucks" class="mw-redirect" title="Food trucks">food trucks</a>, with 1,256 food trucks operating in 2016.<a href="#cite_note-FoodTrucks-236">[232]</a> The city of Austin has the second-largest number of food trucks per capita in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-FoodTrucks-236">[232]</a> Austin's first <a href="/wiki/Food_hall" title="Food hall">food hall</a>, "Fareground," features a number of Austin-based food vendors and a bar in the ground level and courtyard of <a href="/wiki/One_Congress_Plaza" class="mw-redirect" title="One Congress Plaza">One Congress Plaza</a>.<a href="#cite_note-237">[233]</a> Austin has a large <a href="/wiki/Craft_beer" title="Craft beer">craft beer</a> scene, with over 50 <a href="/wiki/Microbreweries" class="mw-redirect" title="Microbreweries">microbreweries</a> in the metro area.<a href="#cite_note-238">[234]</a> Drinks publication VinePair named Austin as the "top beer destination in the world" in 2019.<a href="#cite_note-239">[235]</a> Notable Austin-area breweries include <a href="/wiki/Jester_King_Brewery" title="Jester King Brewery">Jester King Brewery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Live_Oak_Brewing_Company" title="Live Oak Brewing Company">Live Oak Brewing Company</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Real_Ale_Brewing_Company" title="Real Ale Brewing Company">Real Ale Brewing Company</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music">Music</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Austin,_Texas&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Music">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Austin" class="mw-redirect" title="Music of Austin">Music of Austin</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ACL2009SBH.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/ACL2009SBH.jpg/220px-ACL2009SBH.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/ACL2009SBH.jpg/330px-ACL2009SBH.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/ACL2009SBH.jpg/440px-ACL2009SBH.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="665" /></a><figcaption>2009 <a href="/wiki/Austin_City_Limits_Music_Festival" title="Austin City Limits Music Festival">Austin City Limits Music Festival</a> with view of stages and Downtown Austin</figcaption></figure> As Austin's official slogan is The Live Music Capital of the World, the city has a vibrant live <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Austin" class="mw-redirect" title="Music of Austin">music scene</a> with more music venues per capita than any other U.S. city.<a href="#cite_note-motto-20">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-atx_motto-21">[20]</a> Austin's music revolves around the many <a href="/wiki/Nightclub" title="Nightclub">nightclubs</a> on 6th Street and an annual music/film/<a href="/wiki/Interactive" class="mw-redirect" title="Interactive">interactive</a> festival known as <a href="/wiki/South_by_Southwest" title="South by Southwest">South by Southwest</a> (SXSW). The concentration of restaurants, bars, and music venues in the city's downtown core is a major contributor to Austin's live music scene, as the ZIP Code encompassing the downtown entertainment district hosts the most bar or alcohol-serving establishments in the U.S.<a href="#cite_note-240">[236]</a> The longest-running concert music program on American television, <a href="/wiki/Austin_City_Limits" title="Austin City Limits">Austin City Limits</a>, is recorded at <a href="/wiki/ACL_Live_at_The_Moody_Theater" class="mw-redirect" title="ACL Live at The Moody Theater">ACL Live at The Moody Theater</a>, located in the bottom floor of the 478 feet (146 m) <a href="/wiki/W_Hotels" title="W Hotels">W Hotels</a> in Austin.<a href="#cite_note-241">[237]</a><a href="#cite_note-242">[238]</a> Austin City Limits and <a href="/wiki/C3_Presents" title="C3 Presents">C3 Presents</a> produce the <a href="/wiki/Austin_City_Limits_Music_Festival" title="Austin City Limits Music Festival">Austin City Limits Music Festival</a>, an annual music and art festival held at <a href="/wiki/Zilker_Park" title="Zilker Park">Zilker Park</a> in Austin. Other music events include the Urban Music Festival, <a href="/wiki/Fun_Fun_Fun_Fest" title="Fun Fun Fun Fest">Fun Fun Fun Fest</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wobeon_Music_Festival" title="Wobeon Music Festival">Wobeon Music Festival</a>, Chaos In Tejas, Seismic Music Festival at the Concourse Project, and <a href="/wiki/Old_Settler%27s_Music_Festival" title="Old Settler's Music Festival">Old Settler's Music Festival</a>. <a href="/wiki/Austin_Lyric_Opera" class="mw-redirect" title="Austin Lyric Opera">Austin Lyric Opera</a> performs multiple operas each year (including the 2007 opening of <a href="/wiki/Philip_Glass" title="Philip Glass">Philip Glass</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Waiting_for_the_Barbarians_(opera)" title="Waiting for the Barbarians (opera)">Waiting for the Barbarians</a>, written by University of Texas at Austin alumnus <a href="/wiki/J._M._Coetzee" title="J. M. Coetzee">J. M. Coetzee</a>).<a href="#cite_note-Rossie_2009-243">[239]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Austin_Symphony_Orchestra" title="Austin Symphony Orchestra">Austin Symphony Orchestra</a> performs a range of classical, pop and family performances and is led by music director and conductor <a href="/wiki/Peter_Bay" title="Peter Bay">Peter Bay</a>. The Austin Baroque Orchestra and La Follia Austin Baroque ensembles both give historically informed performances of <a href="/wiki/Baroque_music" title="Baroque music">Baroque music</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Texas_Early_Music_Project" title="Texas Early Music Project">Texas Early Music Project</a> regularly performs music from the <a href="/wiki/Medieval_music" title="Medieval music">Medieval</a> and <a href="/wiki/Renaissance_music" title="Renaissance music">Renaissance</a> eras, as well as the Baroque. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Film">Film</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Austin,_Texas&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Film">edit</a>]</div> Austin hosts several film festivals, including the <a href="/wiki/South_by_Southwest_Film_Conference" class="mw-redirect" title="South by Southwest Film Conference">SXSW (South by Southwest) Film Festival</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Austin_Film_Festival" title="Austin Film Festival">Austin Film Festival</a>, which hosts international films. A <a href="/wiki/Movie_theater" title="Movie theater">movie theater</a> chain by the name of <a href="/wiki/Alamo_Drafthouse_Cinema" title="Alamo Drafthouse Cinema">Alamo Drafthouse Cinema</a> was founded in Austin in 1997; the South Lamar location of which is home to the annual week-long <a href="/wiki/Fantastic_Fest" title="Fantastic Fest">Fantastic Fest</a> film festival.<a href="#cite_note-244">[240]</a> In 2004 the city was first in <a href="/wiki/MovieMaker_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="MovieMaker Magazine">MovieMaker Magazine</a>'s annual top ten cities to live and make movies.<a href="#cite_note-245">[241]</a> Austin has been the location for a number of motion pictures, partly due to the influence of The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Texas_at_Austin_College_of_Communication" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Texas at Austin College of Communication">University of Texas at Austin Department of Radio-Television-Film</a>. Films produced in Austin include <a href="/wiki/The_Texas_Chain_Saw_Massacre" title="The Texas Chain Saw Massacre">The Texas Chain Saw Massacre</a> (1974), <a href="/wiki/Songwriter_(film)" title="Songwriter (film)">Songwriter</a> (1984), <a href="/wiki/Man_of_the_House_(2005_crime_comedy_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Man of the House (2005 crime comedy film)">Man of the House</a>, <a href="/wiki/Secondhand_Lions" title="Secondhand Lions">Secondhand Lions</a>, <a href="/wiki/Texas_Chainsaw_Massacre_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Texas Chainsaw Massacre 2">Texas Chainsaw Massacre 2</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nadine_(1987_film)" title="Nadine (1987 film)">Nadine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Waking_Life" title="Waking Life">Waking Life</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spy_Kids_(film)" title="Spy Kids (film)">Spy Kids</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Faculty" title="The Faculty">The Faculty</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dazed_and_Confused_(film)" title="Dazed and Confused (film)">Dazed and Confused</a>, The Guards Themselves, <a href="/wiki/Wild_Texas_Wind" title="Wild Texas Wind">Wild Texas Wind</a>, <a href="/wiki/Office_Space" title="Office Space">Office Space</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Life_of_David_Gale" title="The Life of David Gale">The Life of David Gale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Miss_Congeniality_(film)" title="Miss Congeniality (film)">Miss Congeniality</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doubting_Thomas" title="Doubting Thomas">Doubting Thomas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slacker_(film)" title="Slacker (film)">Slacker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Idiocracy" title="Idiocracy">Idiocracy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Death_Proof" title="Death Proof">Death Proof</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_New_Guy" title="The New Guy">The New Guy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hope_Floats" title="Hope Floats">Hope Floats</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Alamo_(2004_film)" title="The Alamo (2004 film)">The Alamo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blank_Check_(film)" title="Blank Check (film)">Blank Check</a>, The Wendall Baker Story, <a href="/wiki/School_of_Rock" title="School of Rock">School of Rock</a>, <a href="/wiki/A_Slipping-Down_Life" title="A Slipping-Down Life">A Slipping-Down Life</a>, <a href="/wiki/A_Scanner_Darkly_(film)" title="A Scanner Darkly (film)">A Scanner Darkly</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saturday_Morning_Massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Saturday Morning Massacre">Saturday Morning Massacre</a>, and most recently, the <a href="/wiki/Coen_brothers" title="Coen brothers">Coen brothers</a>' <a href="/wiki/True_Grit_(2010_film)" title="True Grit (2010 film)">True Grit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grindhouse_(film)" title="Grindhouse (film)">Grindhouse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Machete_(2010_film)" title="Machete (2010 film)">Machete</a>, <a href="/wiki/How_to_Eat_Fried_Worms_(film)" title="How to Eat Fried Worms (film)">How to Eat Fried Worms</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bandslam" title="Bandslam">Bandslam</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lazer_Team" title="Lazer Team">Lazer Team</a>. In order to draw future film projects to the area, the <a href="/wiki/Austin_Film_Society" title="Austin Film Society">Austin Film Society</a> has converted several airplane hangars from the former Mueller Airport into filmmaking center <a href="/wiki/Austin_Studios" title="Austin Studios">Austin Studios</a>. Projects that have used facilities at Austin Studios include music videos by <a href="/wiki/The_Flaming_Lips" title="The Flaming Lips">The Flaming Lips</a> and feature films such as <a href="/wiki/25th_Hour" title="25th Hour">25th Hour</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sin_City_(film)" title="Sin City (film)">Sin City</a>. Austin also hosted the <a href="/wiki/MTV" title="MTV">MTV</a> series, <a href="/wiki/The_Real_World:_Austin" title="The Real World: Austin">The Real World: Austin</a> in 2005. <a href="/wiki/Fear_the_Walking_Dead_(season_4)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fear the Walking Dead (season 4)">Season 4</a> of the <a href="/wiki/AMC_(TV_channel)" title="AMC (TV channel)">AMC</a> show <a href="/wiki/Fear_the_Walking_Dead" title="Fear the Walking Dead">Fear the Walking Dead</a> was filmed in various locations around Austin in 2018.<a href="#cite_note-246">[242]</a> The film review websites <a href="/wiki/Spill.com" title="Spill.com">Spill.com</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ain%27t_It_Cool_News" title="Ain't It Cool News">Ain't It Cool News</a> are based in Austin. <a href="/wiki/Rooster_Teeth_Productions" class="mw-redirect" title="Rooster Teeth Productions">Rooster Teeth Productions</a>, creator of popular web series such as <a href="/wiki/Red_vs._Blue" title="Red vs. Blue">Red vs. Blue</a> and <a href="/wiki/RWBY" title="RWBY">RWBY</a>, was also located in Austin. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Theater">Theater</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Austin,_Texas&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Theater">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:State_and_Paramount_Theaters_-_Austin,_Texas_-_DSC08305.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/State_and_Paramount_Theaters_-_Austin%2C_Texas_-_DSC08305.jpg/220px-State_and_Paramount_Theaters_-_Austin%2C_Texas_-_DSC08305.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/State_and_Paramount_Theaters_-_Austin%2C_Texas_-_DSC08305.jpg/330px-State_and_Paramount_Theaters_-_Austin%2C_Texas_-_DSC08305.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/State_and_Paramount_Theaters_-_Austin%2C_Texas_-_DSC08305.jpg/440px-State_and_Paramount_Theaters_-_Austin%2C_Texas_-_DSC08305.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption>The State Theater and <a href="/wiki/Paramount_Theatre_(Austin,_Texas)" title="Paramount Theatre (Austin, Texas)">Paramount Theatre</a> on Congress Avenue in Downtown Austin</figcaption></figure> Austin has a strong theater culture, with dozens of itinerant and resident companies producing a variety of work. The Church of the Friendly Ghost is a volunteer-run arts organization supporting creative expression and counter-culture community. The city also has live performance theater venues such as the <a href="/wiki/Zachary_Scott_Theatre_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Zachary Scott Theatre Center">Zachary Scott Theatre Center</a>, Vortex Repertory Company, Salvage Vanguard Theater, Rude Mechanicals' the Off Center, Austin Playhouse, Scottish Rite Children's Theater, <a href="/wiki/Hyde_Park_Theatre" title="Hyde Park Theatre">Hyde Park Theatre</a>, the Blue Theater, The Hideout Theatre, and <a href="/wiki/Esther%27s_Follies" title="Esther's Follies">Esther's Follies</a>.<a href="#cite_note-247">[243]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Victory_Grill" title="Victory Grill">Victory Grill</a> was a renowned venue on the <a href="/wiki/Chitlin%27_Circuit" title="Chitlin' Circuit">Chitlin' Circuit</a>.<a href="#cite_note-248">[244]</a> Public art and performances in the parks and on bridges are popular. Austin hosts the Fuse Box Festival each April featuring theater artists.<a href="#cite_note-249">[245]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Paramount_Theatre_(Austin,_Texas)" title="Paramount Theatre (Austin, Texas)">Paramount Theatre</a>, opened in downtown Austin in 1915, contributes to Austin's theater and film culture, showing classic films throughout the summer and hosting regional premieres for films such as <a href="/wiki/Miss_Congeniality_(film)" title="Miss Congeniality (film)">Miss Congeniality</a>.<a href="#cite_note-250">[246]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Zilker_Park" title="Zilker Park">Zilker Park</a> Summer Musical is a long-running outdoor musical.<a href="#cite_note-251">[247]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Long_Center_for_the_Performing_Arts" title="Long Center for the Performing Arts">Long Center for the Performing Arts</a> is a 2,300-seat theater built partly with materials reused from the old Lester E. Palmer Auditorium. <a href="/wiki/Ballet_Austin" title="Ballet Austin">Ballet Austin</a> is among the fifteen largest ballet academies in the country.<a href="#cite_note-252">[248]</a> Each year Ballet Austin's 20-member professional company performs ballets from a wide variety of choreographers, including their artistic director, <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Mills" title="Stephen Mills">Stephen Mills</a>. The city is also home to the <a href="/wiki/Ballet_East_Dance_Company" title="Ballet East Dance Company">Ballet East Dance Company</a>, a modern dance ensemble, and the <a href="/wiki/Tapestry_Dance_Company" title="Tapestry Dance Company">Tapestry Dance Company</a> which performs a variety of dance genres. The Austin <a href="/wiki/Improvisational_theatre" title="Improvisational theatre">improvisational theatre</a> scene has several theaters: ColdTowne Theater, The Hideout Theater, The Fallout Theater, and The Institution Theater. Austin also hosts the Out of Bounds Comedy Festival, which draws comedic artists in all disciplines to Austin. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Libraries">Libraries</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Austin,_Texas&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Libraries">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Austin_public_library_opened_October_28_2017.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Austin_public_library_opened_October_28_2017.jpg/220px-Austin_public_library_opened_October_28_2017.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Austin_public_library_opened_October_28_2017.jpg/330px-Austin_public_library_opened_October_28_2017.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Austin_public_library_opened_October_28_2017.jpg/440px-Austin_public_library_opened_October_28_2017.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>View of Austin Central Library from César Chávez Street</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Austin_Public_Library" title="Austin Public Library">Austin Public Library</a> is operated by the City of Austin and consists of the Central Library on <a href="/wiki/Cesar_Chavez_Street_(Austin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cesar Chavez Street (Austin)">César Chávez Street</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Austin_History_Center" title="Austin History Center">Austin History Center</a>, 20 branches and the Recycled Reads bookstore and <a href="/wiki/Upcycling" title="Upcycling">upcycling</a> facility.<a href="#cite_note-253">[249]</a> The APL library system also has mobile libraries – bookmobile buses and a human-powered trike and trailer called "unbound: sin fronteras."<a href="#cite_note-254">[250]</a><a href="#cite_note-255">[251]</a> The Central Library, which is an anchor to the redevelopment of the former <a href="/wiki/Seaholm_Power_Plant" title="Seaholm Power Plant">Seaholm Power Plant</a> site and the <a href="/wiki/Shoal_Creek,_Austin,_Texas" title="Shoal Creek, Austin, Texas">Shoal Creek</a> Walk, opened on October 28, 2017.<a href="#cite_note-256">[252]</a> The six-story Central Library contains a living <a href="/wiki/Rooftop_garden" class="mw-redirect" title="Rooftop garden">rooftop garden</a>, reading porches, an indoor reading room, <a href="/wiki/Bicycle_parking_station" title="Bicycle parking station">bicycle parking station</a>, large indoor and outdoor event spaces, a gift shop, an art gallery, café, and a "technology petting zoo" where visitors can play with next-generation gadgets like <a href="/wiki/3D_printing" title="3D printing">3D printers</a>.<a href="#cite_note-257">[253]</a> In 2018, <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a> magazine named the Austin Central Library on its list of "World's Greatest Places."<a href="#cite_note-258">[254]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Museums_and_other_points_of_interest">Museums and other points of interest</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Austin,_Texas&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Museums and other points of interest">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LBJ_Library_2017.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/LBJ_Library_2017.jpg/220px-LBJ_Library_2017.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/LBJ_Library_2017.jpg/330px-LBJ_Library_2017.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/LBJ_Library_2017.jpg/440px-LBJ_Library_2017.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2122" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_Baines_Johnson_Presidential_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="Lyndon Baines Johnson Presidential Library">Lyndon Baines Johnson Presidential Library</a> on the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Texas">University of Texas</a> campus in Austin</figcaption></figure> Museums in Austin include the <a href="/wiki/Texas_Memorial_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Texas Memorial Museum">Texas Memorial Museum</a>, the <a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Carver_Museum_and_Cultural_Center" title="George Washington Carver Museum and Cultural Center">George Washington Carver Museum and Cultural Center</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thinkery" title="Thinkery">Thinkery</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Blanton_Museum_of_Art" title="Blanton Museum of Art">Blanton Museum of Art</a> (reopened in 2006), the <a href="/wiki/Bob_Bullock_Texas_State_History_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Bob Bullock Texas State History Museum">Bob Bullock Texas State History Museum</a> across the street (which opened in 2000), <a href="/wiki/The_Contemporary_Austin" title="The Contemporary Austin">The Contemporary Austin</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Elisabet_Ney_Museum" title="Elisabet Ney Museum">Elisabet Ney Museum</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Women_and_Their_Work" title="Women and Their Work">Women and Their Work</a> gallery, and the galleries at the <a href="/wiki/Harry_Ransom_Center" title="Harry Ransom Center">Harry Ransom Center</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Texas_State_Capitol" title="Texas State Capitol">Texas State Capitol</a> itself is also a major tourist attraction. The <a href="/wiki/Driskill_Hotel" title="Driskill Hotel">Driskill Hotel</a>, built in 1886, once owned by <a href="/wiki/George_W._Littlefield" title="George W. Littlefield">George W. Littlefield</a>, and located at 6th and Brazos streets, was finished just before the construction of the Capitol building. <a href="/wiki/6th_Street_(Austin)" class="mw-redirect" title="6th Street (Austin)">Sixth Street</a> is a musical hub for the city. The Enchanted Forest, a multi-acre outdoor music, art, and performance art space in South Austin hosts events such as fire-dancing and circus-like-acts.<a href="#cite_note-259">[255]</a> Austin is also home to the <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_Baines_Johnson_Library_and_Museum" title="Lyndon Baines Johnson Library and Museum">Lyndon Baines Johnson Library and Museum</a>, which houses documents and artifacts related to the Johnson administration, including LBJ's limousine and a re-creation of the <a href="/wiki/Oval_Office" title="Oval Office">Oval Office</a>. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TMI_castle_austin_2014.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/TMI_castle_austin_2014.jpg/220px-TMI_castle_austin_2014.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/TMI_castle_austin_2014.jpg/330px-TMI_castle_austin_2014.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/TMI_castle_austin_2014.jpg/440px-TMI_castle_austin_2014.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2348" data-file-height="1565" /></a><figcaption>The HOPE Outdoor Gallery, overlooked by the historic Texas Military Academy building, the oldest standing educational building in Texas; the gallery has since been demolished.</figcaption></figure>Locally produced art is featured at the <a href="/wiki/South_Austin_Museum_of_Popular_Culture" class="mw-redirect" title="South Austin Museum of Popular Culture">South Austin Museum of Popular Culture</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Mexic-Arte_Museum" title="Mexic-Arte Museum">Mexic-Arte Museum</a> is a Mexican and Mexican-American art museum founded in 1983. Austin is also home to the O. Henry House Museum, which served as the residence of <a href="/wiki/O._Henry" title="O. Henry">O. Henry</a> from 1893 to 1895. Farmers' markets are popular attractions, providing a variety of locally grown and often organic foods.<a href="#cite_note-260">[256]</a> Austin also has many odd statues and landmarks, such as the <a href="/wiki/Stevie_Ray_Vaughan_Memorial" title="Stevie Ray Vaughan Memorial">Stevie Ray Vaughan Memorial</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Willie_Nelson_statue" title="Willie Nelson statue">Willie Nelson statue</a>, the Mangia dinosaur, the Loca Maria lady at Taco Xpress, the Hyde Park Gym's giant flexed arm, and <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Johnston" title="Daniel Johnston">Daniel Johnston</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Hi,_How_are_You" class="mw-redirect" title="Hi, How are You">Hi, How are You</a>? Jeremiah the Innocent frog mural.<a href="#cite_note-261">[257]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Ann_W._Richards_Congress_Avenue_Bridge" title="Ann W. Richards Congress Avenue Bridge">Ann W. Richards Congress Avenue Bridge</a> houses the world's largest urban population of <a href="/wiki/Mexican_free-tailed_bat" title="Mexican free-tailed bat">Mexican free-tailed bats</a>. Starting in March,<a href="#cite_note-262">[258]</a><a href="#cite_note-263">[259]</a> up to 1.5 million bats take up residence inside the bridge's expansion and contraction zones as well as in long horizontal grooves running the length of the bridge's underside, an environment ideally suited for raising their young. Every evening around sunset, the bats emerge in search of insects, an exit visible on <a href="/wiki/Weather_radar" title="Weather radar">weather radar</a>. Watching the bat emergence is an event that is popular with locals and tourists, with more than 100,000 viewers per year. The bats migrate to Mexico each winter.<a href="#cite_note-264">[260]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Austin_Zoo" title="Austin Zoo">Austin Zoo</a>, located in <a href="/wiki/Unincorporated_area" title="Unincorporated area">unincorporated</a> western <a href="/wiki/Travis_County,_Texas" title="Travis County, Texas">Travis County</a>, is a <a href="/wiki/Rescue_coordination_centre" title="Rescue coordination centre">rescue zoo</a> that provides sanctuary to displaced animals from a variety of situations, including those involving neglect. The HOPE Outdoor Gallery was a public, three-story outdoor <a href="/wiki/Street_art" title="Street art">street art</a> project located on Baylor Street in the <a href="/wiki/Clarksville,_Austin,_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="Clarksville, Austin, Texas">Clarksville</a> neighborhood.<a href="#cite_note-265">[261]</a> The gallery, which consisted of the foundations of a failed multifamily development,<a href="#cite_note-266">[262]</a> was a constantly-evolving canvas of <a href="/wiki/Graffiti" title="Graffiti">graffiti</a> and <a href="/wiki/Murals" class="mw-redirect" title="Murals">murals</a>. Also known as "Castle Hill" or simply "Graffiti Park", the site on Baylor Street was closed to the public in early January 2019 but remained intact, behind a fence and with an armed guard, in mid-March 2019.<a href="#cite_note-267">[263]</a> The gallery will build a new art park at Carson Creek Ranch in Southeast Austin.<a href="#cite_note-268">[264]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sports">Sports</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Austin,_Texas&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Sports">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sports_in_Austin" class="mw-redirect" title="Sports in Austin">Sports in Austin</a></div> <table class="wikitable" style="float:left; margin:10px;"> <caption>Austin area professional sports teams </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Club </th> <th>Sport </th> <th>Founded </th> <th>League </th> <th>Venue </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Austin_FC" title="Austin FC">Austin FC</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">Soccer</a> </td> <td align="center">2019 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Major_League_Soccer" title="Major League Soccer">Major League Soccer</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Q2_Stadium" title="Q2 Stadium">Q2 Stadium</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Austin_Huns" title="Austin Huns">Austin Huns</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union" title="Rugby union">Rugby</a> </td> <td align="center">1972 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Texas_Rugby_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Texas Rugby Union">Texas Rugby Union</a> </td> <td>Huns Field at Nixon Lane </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Austin_Outlaws" title="Austin Outlaws">Austin Outlaws</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/American_football" title="American football">Football</a> </td> <td align="center">2003 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Football_Alliance" title="Women's Football Alliance">Women's Football Alliance</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/House_Park" title="House Park">House Park</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Austin_Spurs" title="Austin Spurs">Austin Spurs</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Basketball" title="Basketball">Basketball</a> </td> <td align="center">2005 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/NBA_G_League" title="NBA G League">NBA G League</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/H-E-B_Center_at_Cedar_Park" title="H-E-B Center at Cedar Park">H-E-B Center at Cedar Park</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Round_Rock_Express" title="Round Rock Express">Round Rock Express</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Baseball" title="Baseball">Baseball</a> </td> <td align="center">2000 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Coast_League" title="Pacific Coast League">Pacific Coast League</a> (<a href="/wiki/Triple-A_(baseball)" title="Triple-A (baseball)">AAA</a>) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dell_Diamond" title="Dell Diamond">Dell Diamond</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Texas_Stars" title="Texas Stars">Texas Stars</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey" title="Ice hockey">Ice hockey</a> </td> <td align="center">2009 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/American_Hockey_League" title="American Hockey League">American Hockey League</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/H-E-B_Center_at_Cedar_Park" title="H-E-B Center at Cedar Park">H-E-B Center at Cedar Park</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Texas_Smoke" class="mw-redirect" title="Texas Smoke">Texas Smoke</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fastpitch_softball" title="Fastpitch softball">Fastpitch softball</a> </td> <td align="center">2023 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Professional_Fastpitch" title="Women's Professional Fastpitch">Women's Professional Fastpitch</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Concordia_University_Texas" title="Concordia University Texas">Tornado Softball Field</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Austin_Sol" title="Austin Sol">Austin Sol</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ultimate_(sport)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ultimate (sport)">Ultimate</a> </td> <td align="center">2016 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/American_Ultimate_Disc_League" class="mw-redirect" title="American Ultimate Disc League">American Ultimate Disc League</a> </td> <td>Westlake Chaparral Stadium </td></tr></tbody></table> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Darrell_K_Royal-Texas_Memorial_Stadium_in_2010.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Darrell_K_Royal-Texas_Memorial_Stadium_in_2010.jpg/220px-Darrell_K_Royal-Texas_Memorial_Stadium_in_2010.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Darrell_K_Royal-Texas_Memorial_Stadium_in_2010.jpg/330px-Darrell_K_Royal-Texas_Memorial_Stadium_in_2010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Darrell_K_Royal-Texas_Memorial_Stadium_in_2010.jpg/440px-Darrell_K_Royal-Texas_Memorial_Stadium_in_2010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5942" data-file-height="2494" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Darrell_K_Royal%E2%80%93Texas_Memorial_Stadium" title="Darrell K Royal–Texas Memorial Stadium">Darrell K Royal–Texas Memorial Stadium</a>, home of <a href="/wiki/Texas_Longhorns_football" title="Texas Longhorns football">Texas Longhorns football</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cedar_park_center_2014.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Cedar_park_center_2014.jpg/220px-Cedar_park_center_2014.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Cedar_park_center_2014.jpg/330px-Cedar_park_center_2014.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Cedar_park_center_2014.jpg/440px-Cedar_park_center_2014.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2152" data-file-height="1434" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/H-E-B_Center_at_Cedar_Park" title="H-E-B Center at Cedar Park">H-E-B Center</a> stadium located in <a href="/wiki/Cedar_Park,_Texas" title="Cedar Park, Texas">Cedar Park, Texas</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Austin_FC_VS_FC_Dallas_by_cornfield948_(20210830150614).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Austin_FC_VS_FC_Dallas_by_cornfield948_%2820210830150614%29.jpg/220px-Austin_FC_VS_FC_Dallas_by_cornfield948_%2820210830150614%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Austin_FC_VS_FC_Dallas_by_cornfield948_%2820210830150614%29.jpg/330px-Austin_FC_VS_FC_Dallas_by_cornfield948_%2820210830150614%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Austin_FC_VS_FC_Dallas_by_cornfield948_%2820210830150614%29.jpg/440px-Austin_FC_VS_FC_Dallas_by_cornfield948_%2820210830150614%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2016" data-file-height="1512" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Q2_Stadium" title="Q2 Stadium">Q2 Stadium</a> of <a href="/wiki/Austin_FC" title="Austin FC">Austin FC</a></figcaption></figure> Many Austinites support the athletic programs of the University of Texas at Austin known as the <a href="/wiki/Texas_Longhorns" title="Texas Longhorns">Texas Longhorns</a>. During the 2005–2006 academic term, <a href="/wiki/Texas_Longhorns_football" title="Texas Longhorns football">Longhorns football team</a> was named the <a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_I_FBS_National_Football_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="NCAA Division I FBS National Football Championship">NCAA Division I FBS National Football Champion</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Texas_Longhorns_baseball" title="Texas Longhorns baseball">Longhorns baseball team</a> won the <a href="/wiki/2005_College_World_Series" class="mw-redirect" title="2005 College World Series">College World Series</a>.<a href="#cite_note-269">[265]</a><a href="#cite_note-270">[266]</a> The Texas Longhorns play home games in the state's second-largest sports stadium, <a href="/wiki/Darrell_K_Royal%E2%80%93Texas_Memorial_Stadium" title="Darrell K Royal–Texas Memorial Stadium">Darrell K Royal–Texas Memorial Stadium</a>, seating over 101,000 fans.<a href="#cite_note-271">[267]</a> Baseball games are played at <a href="/wiki/UFCU_Disch%E2%80%93Falk_Field" title="UFCU Disch–Falk Field">UFCU Disch–Falk Field</a>. Austin was the most populous city in the United States without a <a href="/wiki/Major_professional_sports_leagues_of_the_United_States_and_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Major professional sports leagues of the United States and Canada">major-league professional sports team</a>, which changed in 2021 with <a href="/wiki/Austin_FC" title="Austin FC">Austin FC</a>'s entry to MLS.<a href="#cite_note-272">[268]</a> Minor-league professional sports came to Austin in 1996, when the <a href="/wiki/Austin_Ice_Bats" title="Austin Ice Bats">Austin Ice Bats</a> began playing at the Travis County Expo Center;<a href="#cite_note-273">[269]</a> they were later replaced by the <a href="/wiki/American_Hockey_League" title="American Hockey League">AHL</a> <a href="/wiki/Texas_Stars" title="Texas Stars">Texas Stars</a>.<a href="#cite_note-274">[270]</a> Austin has hosted a number of other professional teams, including the <a href="/wiki/Austin_Spurs" title="Austin Spurs">Austin Spurs</a> of the <a href="/wiki/NBA_G_League" title="NBA G League">NBA G League</a>,<a href="#cite_note-275">[271]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Austin_Aztex" title="Austin Aztex">Austin Aztex</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_Soccer_League" title="United Soccer League">United Soccer League</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Austin_Outlaws" title="Austin Outlaws">Austin Outlaws</a> in <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Football_Alliance" title="Women's Football Alliance">WFA</a> football, and the <a href="/wiki/Austin_Aces" title="Austin Aces">Austin Aces</a> in <a href="/wiki/World_TeamTennis" title="World TeamTennis">WTT</a> tennis. Natural features like the bicycle-friendly <a href="/wiki/Texas_Hill_Country" title="Texas Hill Country">Texas Hill Country</a> and generally mild <a href="#Climate">climate</a> make Austin the home of several endurance and multi-sport races and communities. The Capitol 10,000 is the largest 10 k race in Texas, and approximately fifth largest in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-276">[272]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Austin_Marathon" title="Austin Marathon">Austin Marathon</a> has been run in the city every year since 1992. Additionally, the city is home to the largest 5 mile race in Texas,<a href="#cite_note-277">[273]</a> named the Turkey Trot as it is run annually on Thanksgiving. Started in 1991 by Thundercloud Subs, a local sandwich chain (who still sponsors the event), the event has grown to host over 20,000 runners. All proceeds are donated to Caritas of Austin, a local charity. The Austin-founded American Swimming Association hosts several swim races around town. Austin is also the hometown of several cycling groups and the disgraced cyclist <a href="/wiki/Lance_Armstrong" title="Lance Armstrong">Lance Armstrong</a>.<a href="#cite_note-278">[274]</a> Combining these three disciplines is a growing crop of triathlons, including the Capital of Texas Triathlon held every <a href="/wiki/Memorial_Day" title="Memorial Day">Memorial Day</a> on and around Lady Bird Lake, <a href="/wiki/Auditorium_Shores" title="Auditorium Shores">Auditorium Shores</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Downtown_Austin" title="Downtown Austin">Downtown Austin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-279">[275]</a> Austin is home to the <a href="/wiki/Circuit_of_the_Americas" title="Circuit of the Americas">Circuit of the Americas</a> (COTA), a grade 1 <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Internationale_de_l%27Automobile" title="Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile">Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile</a> specification 3.427-mile (5.515 km) <a href="/wiki/Motor_racing" class="mw-redirect" title="Motor racing">motor racing</a> facility which hosts the <a href="/wiki/Formula_One" title="Formula One">Formula One</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Grand_Prix" title="United States Grand Prix">United States Grand Prix</a>.<a href="#cite_note-280">[276]</a> The State of Texas has pledged $25 million in public funds annually for 10 years to pay the sanctioning fees for the race.<a href="#cite_note-281">[277]</a><a href="#cite_note-282">[278]</a> Built at an estimated cost of $250 to $300 million, the circuit opened in 2012 and is located just east of the <a href="/wiki/Austin_Bergstrom_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Austin Bergstrom International Airport">Austin Bergstrom International Airport</a>.<a href="#cite_note-283">[279]</a><a href="#cite_note-284">[280]</a> The circuit also hosts the <a href="/wiki/Texas_Grand_Prix" class="mw-redirect" title="Texas Grand Prix">EchoPark Automotive Grand Prix</a> NASCAR race in late March each year. The summer of 2014 marked the inaugural season for <a href="/wiki/World_TeamTennis" title="World TeamTennis">World TeamTennis</a> team <a href="/wiki/Austin_Aces" title="Austin Aces">Austin Aces</a>, formerly <a href="/wiki/Orange_County_Breakers" title="Orange County Breakers">Orange County Breakers</a> of the southern California region. The Austin Aces played their matches at the <a href="/wiki/Cedar_Park_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Cedar Park Center">Cedar Park Center</a> northwest of Austin, and featured former professionals <a href="/wiki/Andy_Roddick" title="Andy Roddick">Andy Roddick</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marion_Bartoli" title="Marion Bartoli">Marion Bartoli</a>, as well as current WTA tour player <a href="/wiki/Vera_Zvonareva" title="Vera Zvonareva">Vera Zvonareva</a>.<a href="#cite_note-285">[281]</a> The team left after the 2015 season. In 2017, <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Precourt" title="Anthony Precourt">Precourt Sports Ventures</a> announced a plan to move the <a href="/wiki/Columbus_Crew_SC" class="mw-redirect" title="Columbus Crew SC">Columbus Crew SC</a> soccer franchise from <a href="/wiki/Columbus,_Ohio" title="Columbus, Ohio">Columbus, Ohio</a> to Austin.<a href="#cite_note-286">[282]</a> Precourt negotiated an agreement with the City of Austin to build a $200 million privately funded stadium on public land at 10414 McKalla Place,<a href="#cite_note-287">[283]</a> following initial interest in Butler Shores Metropolitan Park and Roy G. Guerrero Colorado River Park.<a href="#cite_note-288">[284]</a> As part of an arrangement with the league, operational rights of Columbus Crew SC were sold in late 2018,<a href="#cite_note-289">[285]</a> and Austin FC was announced as Major League Soccer's 27th franchise on January 15, 2019, with the expansion team starting play in 2021.<a href="#cite_note-290">[286]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Austin_Country_Club" title="Austin Country Club">Austin Country Club</a> is a private golf club located along the shores of the Colorado River, right next to the <a href="/wiki/Pennybacker_Bridge" title="Pennybacker Bridge">Pennybacker Bridge</a>. Founded in 1899, the club moved to its third and present site in 1984, which features a challenging layout designed by noted course architect <a href="/wiki/Pete_Dye" title="Pete Dye">Pete Dye</a>.<a href="#cite_note-291">[287]</a><a href="#cite_note-292">[288]</a> Austin is set to host the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Blast_Austin_Major_2025&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Blast Austin Major 2025 (page does not exist)">BLAST.TV Austin Major</a>, the 22nd <a href="/wiki/Counter-Strike_Major_Championships" title="Counter-Strike Major Championships">Counter-Strike Major</a> <a href="/wiki/Esports" title="Esports">esports</a> tournament, from June 9 to 22, 2025.<a href="#cite_note-293">[289]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government">Government</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Austin,_Texas&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Government">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="City_government">City government</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Austin,_Texas&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: City government">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Austin,_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="List of mayors of Austin, Texas">List of mayors of Austin, Texas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Austin_City_Council" title="Austin City Council">Austin City Council</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AustinTXCityHall.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/AustinTXCityHall.JPG/220px-AustinTXCityHall.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/AustinTXCityHall.JPG/330px-AustinTXCityHall.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/AustinTXCityHall.JPG/440px-AustinTXCityHall.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption>Austin City Hall</figcaption></figure> Austin is administered by an 11-member <a href="/wiki/City_council" class="mw-redirect" title="City council">city council</a> (10 council members elected by geographic district plus a mayor elected at large). The council is accompanied by a hired <a href="/wiki/City_manager" title="City manager">city manager</a> under the <a href="/wiki/Council-manager_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Council-manager government">manager-council system of municipal governance</a>. Council and mayoral elections are non-partisan, with a runoff in case there is no majority winner. A referendum approved by voters on November 6, 2012, changed the council composition from six council members plus a mayor elected at large to the current "10+1" district system. Supporters maintained that the at-large system would increase participation for all areas of the city, especially for those which had lacked representation from City Council.<a href="#cite_note-294">[290]</a> November 2014 marked the first election under the new system. The <a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Federal government of the United States">Federal government</a> had forced San Antonio and Dallas to abandon at-large systems before 1987; however, the court could not show a racist pattern in Austin and upheld the city's at-large system during a 1984 lawsuit. In five elections between 1973 and 1994 Austin voters rejected single-member districts.<a href="#cite_note-295">[291]</a> Austin formerly operated its city hall at 128 West 8th Street.<a href="#cite_note-296">[292]</a> Antoine Predock and Cotera Kolar Negrete & Reed Architects designed a new city hall building, which was intended to reflect what <a href="/wiki/The_Dallas_Morning_News" title="The Dallas Morning News">The Dallas Morning News</a> referred to as a "crazy-quilt vitality, that embraces everything from country music to environmental protests and high-tech swagger."<a href="#cite_note-297">[293]</a> The new city hall, built from recycled materials, has solar panels in its garage.<a href="#cite_note-298">[294]</a> The city hall, at 301 West Second Street, opened in November 2004.<a href="#cite_note-299">[295]</a> <a href="/wiki/Kirk_Watson" title="Kirk Watson">Kirk Watson</a> is the current mayor of Austin, assuming the office for a second non-consecutive term on January 6, 2023. In the 2012 elections, City Council elections were moved from May to November and City council members were given staggered term limits <a href="#cite_note-300">[296]</a> In 2022 Proposition D moved the term of the Austin Mayor to coincide with Presidential election years, so <a href="/wiki/Kirk_Watson" title="Kirk Watson">Kirk Watson</a> would only serve two years unlike his predecessor <a href="/wiki/Steve_Adler_(politician)" title="Steve Adler (politician)">Steve Adler</a><a href="#cite_note-301">[297]</a> Law enforcement in Austin is provided by the <a href="/wiki/Austin_Police_Department" title="Austin Police Department">Austin Police Department</a>, except for state government buildings, which are patrolled by the <a href="/wiki/Texas_Department_of_Public_Safety" title="Texas Department of Public Safety">Texas Department of Public Safety</a>. The University of Texas Police operate from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Texas_at_Austin" title="University of Texas at Austin">University of Texas</a>. Fire protection within the city limits is provided by the <a href="/wiki/Austin_Fire_Department" title="Austin Fire Department">Austin Fire Department</a>, while the surrounding county is divided into twelve geographical areas known as emergency services districts, which are covered by separate regional fire departments.<a href="#cite_note-302">[298]</a> Emergency medical services are provided for the whole county by Austin-Travis County Emergency Medical Services.<a href="#cite_note-303">[299]</a><a href="#cite_note-304">[300]</a> Mayor <a href="/wiki/Kirk_Watson" title="Kirk Watson">Kirk Watson</a> (<a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(U.S.)" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Party (U.S.)">D</a>) <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>District</th> <th>Name</th> <th>Party (officially nonpartisan)</th> <th>References </th></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td>1</td> <td>Natasha Harper-Madison</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(U.S.)" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Party (U.S.)">Democratic</a></td> <td><a href="#cite_note-305">[301]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td>2</td> <td>Vanessa Fuentes</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(U.S.)" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Party (U.S.)">Democratic</a></td> <td><a href="#cite_note-306">[302]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td>3</td> <td>Jose Velasquez</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(U.S.)" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Party (U.S.)">Democratic</a></td> <td><a href="#cite_note-307">[303]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td>4</td> <td>Jose "Chito" Vela</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(U.S.)" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Party (U.S.)">Democratic</a></td> <td><a href="#cite_note-308">[304]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td>5</td> <td>Ryan Alter</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(U.S.)" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Party (U.S.)">Democratic</a></td> <td><a href="#cite_note-309">[305]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td>6</td> <td>Mackenzie Kelly</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(U.S.)" class="mw-redirect" title="Republican Party (U.S.)">Republican</a></td> <td><a href="#cite_note-310">[306]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td>7</td> <td>Leslie Pool</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(U.S.)" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Party (U.S.)">Democratic</a></td> <td><a href="#cite_note-311">[307]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td>8</td> <td>Paige Ellis</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(U.S.)" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Party (U.S.)">Democratic</a></td> <td><a href="#cite_note-312">[308]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td>9</td> <td>Zohaib Qadri</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(U.S.)" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Party (U.S.)">Democratic</a></td> <td><a href="#cite_note-313">[309]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td>10</td> <td>Alison Alter</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(U.S.)" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Party (U.S.)">Democratic</a></td> <td><a href="#cite_note-314">[310]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> In 2003, the city adopted a resolution against the <a href="/wiki/USA_PATRIOT_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="USA PATRIOT Act">USA PATRIOT Act</a> that reaffirmed constitutionally guaranteed rights. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Crime">Crime</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Austin,_Texas&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Crime">edit</a>]</div> As of 2019, Austin is one of the safest large cities in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-315">[311]</a> In 2019, the FBI named Austin the 11th safest city on a list of 22 American cities with a population above 400,000.<a href="#cite_note-316">[312]</a> FBI statistics show that overall violent and property crimes dropped in Austin in 2015, but increased in suburban areas of the city.<a href="#cite_note-317">[313]</a> One such southeastern suburb, <a href="/wiki/Del_Valle,_Texas" title="Del Valle, Texas">Del Valle</a>, reported eight homicides within two months in 2016.<a href="#cite_note-318">[314]</a> According to 2016 <a href="/wiki/Austin_Police_Department" title="Austin Police Department">APD</a> crime statistics, the 78723 census tract had the most violent crime, with 6 murders, 25 rapes, and 81 robberies.<a href="#cite_note-319">[315]</a> The city had 39 homicides in 2016, the most since 1997.<a href="#cite_note-320">[316]</a><a href="#cite_note-321">[317]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Notable_incidents">Notable incidents</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Austin,_Texas&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Notable incidents">edit</a>]</div> One of the first American <a href="/wiki/Mass_shootings_in_the_United_States" title="Mass shootings in the United States">mass</a> <a href="/wiki/School_shooting" title="School shooting">school shooting</a> incidents took place in Austin on August 1, 1966, when <a href="/wiki/Charles_Whitman" title="Charles Whitman">Charles Whitman</a> shot 43 people, killing 13 from the top of the University of Texas tower.<a href="#cite_note-texasmonthly.com-322">[318]</a> The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Texas_tower_shooting" title="University of Texas tower shooting">University of Texas tower shooting</a> led to the formation of the <a href="/wiki/SWAT" title="SWAT">SWAT</a> team of the <a href="/wiki/Austin_Police_Department" title="Austin Police Department">Austin Police Department</a>.<a href="#cite_note-texasmonthly.com-322">[318]</a><a href="#cite_note-323">[319]</a><a href="#cite_note-324">[320]</a> In 1991, <a href="/wiki/1991_Austin_yogurt_shop_murders" class="mw-redirect" title="1991 Austin yogurt shop murders">four teenage girls were murdered in a yogurt shop</a> by an unknown assailant(s). A police officer responded to reports of a fire at the <a href="/wiki/I_Can%27t_Believe_It%27s_Yogurt!" title="I Can't Believe It's Yogurt!">I Can't Believe It's Yogurt!</a> store on Anderson Lane and discovered the girls' bodies in a back room. The murders remain unsolved.<a href="#cite_note-325">[321]</a> In 2010, Andrew Joseph Stack III deliberately crashed his <a href="/wiki/Piper_PA-28_Cherokee" title="Piper PA-28 Cherokee">Piper PA-28 Cherokee</a> into Echelon 1, a building in which the <a href="/wiki/Internal_Revenue_Service" title="Internal Revenue Service">Internal Revenue Service</a> was a lessee of, housing 190 employees.<a href="#cite_note-326">[322]</a> The resulting explosion killed one and injured 13 IRS employees, partially damaged the building and cost the IRS a total of $38.6 million.<a href="#cite_note-327">[323]</a> (see <a href="/wiki/2010_Austin_suicide_attack" title="2010 Austin suicide attack">2010 Austin suicide attack</a>) A <a href="/wiki/Austin_serial_bombings" title="Austin serial bombings">series of bombings</a> occurred in Austin in March 2018. Over the course of 20 days, five <a href="/wiki/Letter_bomb" title="Letter bomb">package bombs</a> exploded, killing two people and injuring another five. The suspect, 23-year-old Mark Anthony Conditt of <a href="/wiki/Pflugerville,_Texas" title="Pflugerville, Texas">Pflugerville, Texas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suicide_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="Suicide bombing">blew himself up</a> inside his vehicle after he was pulled over by police on March 21, also injuring a police officer.<a href="#cite_note-time_Aust-328">[324]</a><a href="#cite_note-npr._Mark-329">[325]</a> In 2020, Austin was the victim of a <a href="/wiki/Cyberattack" title="Cyberattack">cyberattack</a> by the Russian group <a href="/wiki/Berserk_Bear" title="Berserk Bear">Berserk Bear</a>, possibly related to the <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_federal_government_data_breach" title="2020 United States federal government data breach">U.S. federal government data breach</a> earlier that year.<a href="#cite_note-intercept-2020-12-17-330">[326]</a><a href="#cite_note-331">[327]</a> On April 18, 2021, a <a href="/wiki/Shooting" title="Shooting">shooting</a> occurred at the Arboretum Oaks Apartments near <a href="/wiki/The_Arboretum_(Austin,_Texas)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Arboretum (Austin, Texas)">The Arboretum</a> <a href="/wiki/Shopping_center" title="Shopping center">shopping center</a>, in which a former <a href="/wiki/Travis_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Travis County">Travis County</a> Sheriff's Office <a href="/wiki/Detective" title="Detective">detective</a> killed his ex-wife, his adoptive daughter, and his daughter's boyfriend.<a href="#cite_note-332">[328]</a><a href="#cite_note-Statesman.shooting-333">[329]</a><a href="#cite_note-334">[330]</a> The suspect, who was previously charged with <a href="/wiki/Child_sexual_assault" class="mw-redirect" title="Child sexual assault">child sexual assault</a>, was arrested in <a href="/wiki/Manor,_Texas" title="Manor, Texas">Manor</a> after a 20-hour manhunt.<a href="#cite_note-CNN.Shooting-335">[331]</a><a href="#cite_note-USATODAY.Shooting-336">[332]</a> A mass shooting took place in the early morning of June 12, 2021, on <a href="/wiki/Sixth_Street_(Austin,_Texas)" title="Sixth Street (Austin, Texas)">Sixth Street</a>, which resulted in 14 people injured and one dead. The man killed was believed to be an innocent bystander who was struck as he was standing outside a bar. A 19-year-old suspect, De'ondre "Dre" White, was formally charged and arrested in <a href="/wiki/Killeen,_Texas" title="Killeen, Texas">Killeen</a> nearly two weeks after the shooting.<a href="#cite_note-337">[333]</a><a href="#cite_note-338">[334]</a><a href="#cite_note-339">[335]</a> In 2024, Zacharia Doar, a 23-year old Palestinian-American man, was attacked and stabbed in the chest on West 26th Street, <a href="/wiki/West_Campus,_Austin,_Texas" title="West Campus, Austin, Texas">West Campus</a>, after returning from a rally in support of Palestinian human rights. The assailant, 36-year old Bert James Baker was arrested at the scene and charged with aggravated assault with a deadly weapon.<a href="#cite_note-340">[336]</a><a href="#cite_note-341">[337]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_levels_of_government">Other levels of government</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Austin,_Texas&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: Other levels of government">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Texas" title="Government of Texas">Government of Texas</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_capitals_in_the_United_States" title="List of capitals in the United States">List of capitals in the United States</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Federal_Courthouse,_Austin,_TX_IMG_6339.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Federal_Courthouse%2C_Austin%2C_TX_IMG_6339.JPG/220px-Federal_Courthouse%2C_Austin%2C_TX_IMG_6339.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Federal_Courthouse%2C_Austin%2C_TX_IMG_6339.JPG/330px-Federal_Courthouse%2C_Austin%2C_TX_IMG_6339.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Federal_Courthouse%2C_Austin%2C_TX_IMG_6339.JPG/440px-Federal_Courthouse%2C_Austin%2C_TX_IMG_6339.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4554" data-file-height="3384" /></a><figcaption>The 8-story U.S. Courthouse is located at Fourth, Fifth, San Antonio, and Nueces streets (opened December 2012).<a href="#cite_note-Castillo_2012-342">[338]</a></figcaption></figure> Austin is the <a href="/wiki/County_seat" title="County seat">county seat</a> of <a href="/wiki/Travis_County,_Texas" title="Travis County, Texas">Travis County</a> and hosts the <a href="/wiki/Heman_Marion_Sweatt_Travis_County_Courthouse" class="mw-redirect" title="Heman Marion Sweatt Travis County Courthouse">Heman Marion Sweatt Travis County Courthouse</a> downtown, as well as other county government offices. The <a href="/wiki/Texas_Department_of_Transportation" title="Texas Department of Transportation">Texas Department of Transportation</a> operates the Austin District Office in Austin.<a href="#cite_note-343">[339]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Texas_Department_of_Criminal_Justice" title="Texas Department of Criminal Justice">Texas Department of Criminal Justice</a> (TDCJ) operates the Austin I and Austin II district parole offices in Austin.<a href="#cite_note-344">[340]</a> The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Postal_Service" title="United States Postal Service">United States Postal Service</a> operates several post offices in Austin. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Politics">Politics</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Austin,_Texas&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: Politics">edit</a>]</div> Former Governor <a href="/wiki/Rick_Perry" title="Rick Perry">Rick Perry</a> had previously referred to it as a "blueberry in the tomato soup", meaning, Austin had previously been a Democratic city in a Republican state.<a href="#cite_note-345">[341]</a> However, Texas currently has multiple urban cities also voting Democratic and electing Democratic mayors in elections.<a href="#cite_note-346">[342]</a> After the most recent redistricting, Austin is currently divided between the <a href="/wiki/Texas%27s_10th_congressional_district" title="Texas's 10th congressional district">10th</a>, <a href="/wiki/Texas%27s_35th_congressional_district" title="Texas's 35th congressional district">35th</a> and <a href="/wiki/Texas%27s_37th_congressional_district" title="Texas's 37th congressional district">37th Congressional districts</a>.<a href="#cite_note-347">[343]</a> <table class="wikitable" style="float:right;"> <caption>Travis County Presidential elections results </caption> <tbody><tr style="background:lightgrey;"> <th>Year </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; background:#B0CEFF;"><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election_in_Texas" title="2020 United States presidential election in Texas">2020</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#FFB6B6;">26.4% 161,337 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#B0CEFF;">71.4% 435,860 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; background:#B0CEFF;"><a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election_in_Texas" title="2016 United States presidential election in Texas">2016</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#FFB6B6;">27.4% 126,750 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#B0CEFF;">66.3% 306,475 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; background:#B0CEFF;"><a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_presidential_election_in_Texas" title="2012 United States presidential election in Texas">2012</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#FFB6B6;">36.2% 140,152 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#B0CEFF;">60.1% 232,788 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; background:#B0CEFF;"><a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_presidential_election_in_Texas" title="2008 United States presidential election in Texas">2008</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#FFB6B6;">34.3% 136,981 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#B0CEFF;">63.5% 254,017 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; background:#B0CEFF;"><a href="/wiki/2004_United_States_presidential_election_in_Texas" title="2004 United States presidential election in Texas">2004</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#FFB6B6;">42.0% 147,885 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#B0CEFF;">56.0% 197,235 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; background:#FFB6B6;"><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_Texas" title="2000 United States presidential election in Texas">2000</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#FFB6B6;">46.9% 141,235 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#B0CEFF;">41.7% 125,526 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; background:#B0CEFF;"><a href="/wiki/1996_United_States_presidential_election_in_Texas" title="1996 United States presidential election in Texas">1996</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#FFB6B6;">39.9% 98,454 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#B0CEFF;">52.3% 128,970 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; background:#B0CEFF;"><a href="/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election_in_Texas" title="1992 United States presidential election in Texas">1992</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#FFB6B6;">31.9% 88,105 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#B0CEFF;">47.3% 130,546 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; background:#B0CEFF;"><a href="/wiki/1988_United_States_presidential_election_in_Texas" title="1988 United States presidential election in Texas">1988</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#FFB6B6;">44.9% 105,915 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#B0CEFF;">54.1% 127,783 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; background:#FFB6B6;"><a href="/wiki/1984_United_States_presidential_election_in_Texas" title="1984 United States presidential election in Texas">1984</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#FFB6B6;">56.8% 124,944 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#B0CEFF;">42.8% 94,124 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; background:#B0CEFF;"><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_Texas" title="1980 United States presidential election in Texas">1980</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#FFB6B6;">45.7% 73,151 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#B0CEFF;">46.9% 75,028 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; background:#B0CEFF;"><a href="/wiki/1976_United_States_presidential_election_in_Texas" title="1976 United States presidential election in Texas">1976</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#FFB6B6;">46.7% 71,031 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#B0CEFF;">51.6% 78,585 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; background:#FFB6B6;"><a href="/wiki/1972_United_States_presidential_election_in_Texas" title="1972 United States presidential election in Texas">1972</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#FFB6B6;">56.3% 70,561 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#B0CEFF;">43.2% 54,157 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; background:#B0CEFF;"><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_Texas" title="1968 United States presidential election in Texas">1968</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#FFB6B6;">41.6% 34,309 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#B0CEFF;">48.1% 39,667 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; background:#B0CEFF;"><a href="/wiki/1964_United_States_presidential_election_in_Texas" title="1964 United States presidential election in Texas">1964</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#FFB6B6;">31.0% 19,838 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#B0CEFF;">68.9% 44,058 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; background:#B0CEFF;"><a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_presidential_election_in_Texas" title="1960 United States presidential election in Texas">1960</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#FFB6B6;">44.9% 22,107 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#B0CEFF;">54.9% 27,022 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Issues">Issues</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Austin,_Texas&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: Issues">edit</a>]</div> A controversial turning point in the political history of the Austin area was the <a href="/wiki/2003_Texas_redistricting" title="2003 Texas redistricting">2003 Texas redistricting</a>. Before then, Austin had been entirely or almost entirely within the borders of a single congressional district–what was then the 10th District–for over a century. Opponents characterized the resulting district layout as excessively partisan <a href="/wiki/Gerrymandering" title="Gerrymandering">gerrymandering</a>, and the plan was challenged in court by Democratic and minority activists. The <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court of the United States</a> has never struck down a redistricting plan for being excessively partisan. The plan was subsequently upheld by a three-judge federal panel in late 2003, and on June 28, 2006, the matter was largely settled when the Supreme Court, in a 7–2 decision, upheld the entire congressional redistricting plan with the exception of a Hispanic-majority district in southwest Texas. This affected Austin's districting, as U.S. Rep. <a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Doggett" title="Lloyd Doggett">Lloyd Doggett</a>'s district (U.S. Congressional District 25) was found to be insufficiently compact to compensate for the reduced <a href="/wiki/Minority_influence" title="Minority influence">minority influence</a> in the southwest district; it was redrawn so that it took in most of southeastern Travis County and several counties to its south and east.<a href="#cite_note-348">[344]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Environmental_movement">Environmental movement</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Austin,_Texas&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section: Environmental movement">edit</a>]</div> The distinguishing political movement of Austin politics has been that of the <a href="/wiki/Environmental_movement" title="Environmental movement">environmental movement</a>, which spawned the parallel neighborhood movement, then the more recent conservationist movement (as typified by the Hill Country Conservancy),<a href="#cite_note-349">[345]</a> and eventually the current ongoing debate about "sense of place" and preserving the Austin quality of life. Much of the environmental movement has matured into a debate on issues related to saving and creating an Austin "sense of place."<a href="#cite_note-Swearingen_2010-204">[200]</a> In 2012, Austin became just one of a few cities in <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a> to ban the sale and use of plastic bags. However, the ban ended in 2018 due to a court ruling that regarded all bag bans in the state to contravene the Texas Solid Waste Disposal Act.<a href="#cite_note-Hoffberger-350">[346]</a> In 2016, Austin became the first Gold designee of the <a href="/wiki/SolSmart" title="SolSmart">SolSmart</a> program,<a href="#cite_note-351">[347]</a> a national program from the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Energy" title="United States Department of Energy">U.S. Department of Energy</a> that recognizes local governments for enacting solar-friendly measures at the local level.<a href="#cite_note-352">[348]</a><a href="#cite_note-353">[349]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Austin,_Texas&action=edit&section=51" title="Edit section: Education">edit</a>]</div> According to the 2015–2019 Census estimates, 51.7% of Austin residents aged 25 and over have earned at least a <a href="/wiki/Bachelor%27s_degree" title="Bachelor's degree">bachelor's degree</a>, compared with the national figure of 32.1%. 19.4% hold a <a href="/wiki/Graduate_degree" class="mw-redirect" title="Graduate degree">graduate</a> or <a href="/wiki/Professional_degree" title="Professional degree">professional degree</a>, compared with the national figure of 12.4%.<a href="#cite_note-354">[350]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Higher_education">Higher education</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Austin,_Texas&action=edit&section=52" title="Edit section: Higher education">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Texas_University_at_Austin_(8095546843).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Texas_University_at_Austin_%288095546843%29.jpg/220px-Texas_University_at_Austin_%288095546843%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Texas_University_at_Austin_%288095546843%29.jpg/330px-Texas_University_at_Austin_%288095546843%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Texas_University_at_Austin_%288095546843%29.jpg/440px-Texas_University_at_Austin_%288095546843%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/University_of_Texas_at_Austin" title="University of Texas at Austin">The University of Texas at Austin</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Austin_Community_College_campus_in_2013.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Austin_Community_College_campus_in_2013.jpg/220px-Austin_Community_College_campus_in_2013.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Austin_Community_College_campus_in_2013.jpg/330px-Austin_Community_College_campus_in_2013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Austin_Community_College_campus_in_2013.jpg/440px-Austin_Community_College_campus_in_2013.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Austin_Community_College_District" title="Austin Community College District">Austin Community College</a></figcaption></figure> Austin is home to the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Texas_at_Austin" title="University of Texas at Austin">University of Texas at Austin</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Flagship_institution" class="mw-redirect" title="Flagship institution">flagship institution</a> of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Texas_System" title="University of Texas System">University of Texas System</a> with over 40,000 undergraduate students and 11,000 graduate students.<a href="#cite_note-355">[351]</a> Other institutions of higher learning in Austin include <a href="/wiki/St._Edward%27s_University" title="St. Edward's University">St. Edward's University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Huston%E2%80%93Tillotson_University" title="Huston–Tillotson University">Huston–Tillotson University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austin_Community_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Austin Community College">Austin Community College</a>, <a href="/wiki/Concordia_University_Texas" title="Concordia University Texas">Concordia University</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Seminary_of_the_Southwest" title="Seminary of the Southwest">Seminary of the Southwest</a>, <a href="/wiki/Texas_Health_and_Science_University" title="Texas Health and Science University">Texas Health and Science University</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_St._Augustine_for_Health_Sciences" title="University of St. Augustine for Health Sciences">University of St. Augustine for Health Sciences</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austin_Graduate_School_of_Theology" class="mw-redirect" title="Austin Graduate School of Theology">Austin Graduate School of Theology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austin_Presbyterian_Theological_Seminary" title="Austin Presbyterian Theological Seminary">Austin Presbyterian Theological Seminary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Virginia_College" title="Virginia College">Virginia College</a>'s Austin Campus, <a href="/wiki/The_Art_Institute_of_Austin" class="mw-redirect" title="The Art Institute of Austin">The Art Institute of Austin</a>, Southern Careers Institute of Austin, Austin Conservatory and branch campuses of <a href="/wiki/Case_Western_Reserve_University" title="Case Western Reserve University">Case Western Reserve University</a> and <a href="/wiki/Park_University" title="Park University">Park University</a>. The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Texas_System" title="University of Texas System">University of Texas System</a> and <a href="/wiki/Texas_State_University_System" title="Texas State University System">Texas State University System</a> are headquartered in downtown Austin. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_primary_and_secondary_education">Public primary and secondary education</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Austin,_Texas&action=edit&section=53" title="Edit section: Public primary and secondary education">edit</a>]</div> Approximately half of the city by area is served by the <a href="/wiki/Austin_Independent_School_District" title="Austin Independent School District">Austin Independent School District</a>. This district includes notable schools such as the magnet <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Arts_and_Science_Academy_High_School_of_Austin,_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal Arts and Science Academy High School of Austin, Texas">Liberal Arts and Science Academy High School of Austin, Texas</a> (LASA), which, by test scores, has consistently been within the top thirty high schools in the nation, as well as <a href="/wiki/The_Ann_Richards_School_for_Young_Women_Leaders" class="mw-redirect" title="The Ann Richards School for Young Women Leaders">The Ann Richards School for Young Women Leaders</a>. The remaining portion of Austin is served by adjoining school districts, including <a href="/wiki/Round_Rock_Independent_School_District" title="Round Rock Independent School District">Round Rock ISD</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pflugerville_Independent_School_District" title="Pflugerville Independent School District">Pflugerville ISD</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leander_Independent_School_District" title="Leander Independent School District">Leander ISD</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manor_Independent_School_District" title="Manor Independent School District">Manor ISD</a>, <a href="/wiki/Del_Valle_Independent_School_District" title="Del Valle Independent School District">Del Valle ISD</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lake_Travis_Independent_School_District" title="Lake Travis Independent School District">Lake Travis ISD</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hays_Consolidated_Independent_School_District" title="Hays Consolidated Independent School District">Hays ISD</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Eanes_Independent_School_District" title="Eanes Independent School District">Eanes</a> <a href="/wiki/Independent_school_district" title="Independent school district">ISD</a>.<a href="#cite_note-356">[352]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Private_and_alternative_education">Private and alternative education</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Austin,_Texas&action=edit&section=54" title="Edit section: Private and alternative education">edit</a>]</div> The Austin metropolitan area is also served by 27 charter school districts and over 100 private schools.<a href="#cite_note-austin-chamber.org-357">[353]</a> Austin has a large network of private and alternative education institutions for children in PreK–12th grade exists. Austin is also home to several child developmental institutions. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media">Media</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Austin,_Texas&action=edit&section=55" title="Edit section: Media">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_Texas" title="List of newspapers in Texas">List of newspapers in Texas</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_Texas" title="List of radio stations in Texas">List of radio stations in Texas</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_television_stations_in_Texas" title="List of television stations in Texas">List of television stations in Texas</a></div> Austin's main daily newspaper is the <a href="/wiki/Austin_American-Statesman" title="Austin American-Statesman">Austin American-Statesman</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Austin_Chronicle" title="The Austin Chronicle">The Austin Chronicle</a> is Austin's <a href="/wiki/Alternative_weekly" class="mw-redirect" title="Alternative weekly">alternative weekly</a>, while <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Texan" title="The Daily Texan">The Daily Texan</a> is the student newspaper of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Texas_at_Austin" title="University of Texas at Austin">University of Texas at Austin</a>. Austin's business newspaper is the weekly <a href="/wiki/Austin_Business_Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="Austin Business Journal">Austin Business Journal</a>. The Austin Monitor is an online outlet that specializes in insider reporting on City Hall, Travis County Commissioners Court, <a href="/wiki/Austin_Independent_School_District" title="Austin Independent School District">AISD</a>, and other related local civics beats. The Monitor is backed by the nonprofit Capital of Texas Media Foundation. Austin also has numerous smaller special interest or sub-regional newspapers such as the <a href="/wiki/Oak_Hill_Gazette" title="Oak Hill Gazette">Oak Hill Gazette</a>, Westlake Picayune, Hill Country News, Round Rock Leader, NOKOA, and The Villager among others. <a href="/wiki/Texas_Monthly" title="Texas Monthly">Texas Monthly</a>, a major regional magazine, is also headquartered in Austin. The <a href="/wiki/Texas_Observer" class="mw-redirect" title="Texas Observer">Texas Observer</a>, a muckraking biweekly political magazine, has been based in Austin for over five decades. The weekly <a href="/wiki/Community_Impact_Newspaper" title="Community Impact Newspaper">Community Impact Newspaper</a> published by John Garrett, former publisher of the <a href="/wiki/Austin_Business_Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="Austin Business Journal">Austin Business Journal</a> has five regional editions and is delivered to every house and business within certain ZIP codes and all of the news is specific to those ZIP codes.<a href="#cite_note-358">[354]</a> Another statewide publication based in Austin is <a href="/wiki/The_Texas_Tribune" title="The Texas Tribune">The Texas Tribune</a>, an on-line publication focused on Texas politics.<a href="#cite_note-nytimes.com-359">[355]</a> The Tribune is "user-supported" through donations, a business model similar to public radio.<a href="#cite_note-360">[356]</a> The editor is <a href="/wiki/Evan_Smith_(journalist)" title="Evan Smith (journalist)">Evan Smith</a>, former editor of Texas Monthly. Smith co-founded the Texas Tribune, a nonprofit, non-partisan public media organization, with Austin venture capitalist John Thornton and veteran journalist Ross Ramsey.<a href="#cite_note-nytimes.com-359">[355]</a><a href="#cite_note-361">[357]</a> Commercial radio stations include <a href="/wiki/KASE-FM" title="KASE-FM">KASE-FM</a> (<a href="/wiki/Country_music" title="Country music">country</a>), <a href="/wiki/KVET_(AM)" title="KVET (AM)">KVET</a> (sports), <a href="/wiki/KVET-FM" title="KVET-FM">KVET-FM</a> (country), <a href="/wiki/KKMJ-FM" title="KKMJ-FM">KKMJ-FM</a> (<a href="/wiki/Adult_contemporary" class="mw-redirect" title="Adult contemporary">adult contemporary</a>), <a href="/wiki/KLBJ_(AM)" title="KLBJ (AM)">KLBJ</a> (talk), <a href="/wiki/KLBJ-FM" title="KLBJ-FM">KLBJ-FM</a> (<a href="/wiki/Classic_rock" title="Classic rock">classic rock</a>), <a href="/wiki/KJFK_(AM)" title="KJFK (AM)">KJFK</a> (variety hits), <a href="/wiki/KFMK" title="KFMK">KFMK</a> (contemporary Christian), <a href="/wiki/KOKE-FM" title="KOKE-FM">KOKE-FM</a> (<a href="/wiki/Progressive_country" title="Progressive country">progressive country</a>) and <a href="/wiki/KPEZ" title="KPEZ">KPEZ</a> (<a href="/wiki/Rhythmic_contemporary" title="Rhythmic contemporary">rhythmic contemporary</a>). <a href="/wiki/KUT-FM" class="mw-redirect" title="KUT-FM">KUT-FM</a> is the leading <a href="/wiki/Public_broadcasting" title="Public broadcasting">public radio</a> station in Texas and produces the majority of its content locally.<a href="#cite_note-362">[358]</a> <a href="/wiki/KOOP_(FM)" title="KOOP (FM)">KOOP (FM)</a> is a volunteer-run radio station with more than 60 locally produced programs.<a href="#cite_note-363">[359]</a> <a href="/wiki/KVRX" title="KVRX">KVRX</a> is the student-run college radio station of the University of Texas at Austin with a focus on local and non-mainstream music and community programming.<a href="#cite_note-364">[360]</a> Other listener-supported stations include <a href="/wiki/KAZI" title="KAZI">KAZI</a> (<a href="/wiki/Urban_contemporary" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban contemporary">urban contemporary</a>), and <a href="/wiki/KMFA" title="KMFA">KMFA</a> (<a href="/wiki/Classical_music" title="Classical music">classical</a>). Network television stations (affiliations in parentheses) include <a href="/wiki/KTBC_(TV)" title="KTBC (TV)">KTBC</a> (Fox <a href="/wiki/Owned-and-operated_station" title="Owned-and-operated station">O&O</a>), <a href="/wiki/KVUE" title="KVUE">KVUE</a> (ABC), <a href="/wiki/KXAN" class="mw-redirect" title="KXAN">KXAN</a> (NBC), <a href="/wiki/KEYE-TV" title="KEYE-TV">KEYE-TV</a> (CBS), <a href="/wiki/KLRU" title="KLRU">KLRU</a> (PBS), <a href="/wiki/KNVA" title="KNVA">KNVA</a> (The CW), <a href="/wiki/KBVO_(TV)" class="mw-redirect" title="KBVO (TV)">KBVO</a> (MyNetworkTV), and <a href="/wiki/KAKW" class="mw-redirect" title="KAKW">KAKW</a> (Univision <a href="/wiki/Owned-and-operated_station" title="Owned-and-operated station">O&O</a>). KLRU produces several award-winning locally produced programs such as <a href="/wiki/Austin_City_Limits" title="Austin City Limits">Austin City Limits</a>.<a href="#cite_note-365">[361]</a> Despite Austin's explosive growth, it is only a medium-sized market (currently 38th) because the suburban and rural areas are not much larger than the city proper. Additionally, the proximity of San Antonio truncates the potential market area. Alex Jones, journalist, radio show host and filmmaker, produces his talk show <a href="/wiki/The_Alex_Jones_Show" class="mw-redirect" title="The Alex Jones Show">The Alex Jones Show</a> in Austin which broadcasts nationally on more than 60 AM and FM radio stations in the United States, <a href="/wiki/WWCR" title="WWCR">WWCR</a> Radio shortwave and <a href="/wiki/XM_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="XM Radio">XM Radio</a>: Channel 166.<a href="#cite_note-366">[362]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Austin,_Texas&action=edit&section=56" title="Edit section: Notable people">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Austin,_Texas" title="List of people from Austin, Texas">List of people from Austin, Texas</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_University_of_Texas_at_Austin_alumni" title="List of University of Texas at Austin alumni">List of University of Texas at Austin alumni</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="International_relations">International relations</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Austin,_Texas&action=edit&section=57" title="Edit section: International relations">edit</a>]</div> Austin has two types of relationships with other cities, <a href="/wiki/Sister_city" title="Sister city">sister</a> and friendship. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sister_cities">Sister cities</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Austin,_Texas&action=edit&section=58" title="Edit section: Sister cities">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AustinSaltilloSisterAustinTX.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/AustinSaltilloSisterAustinTX.JPG/220px-AustinSaltilloSisterAustinTX.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/AustinSaltilloSisterAustinTX.JPG/330px-AustinSaltilloSisterAustinTX.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/AustinSaltilloSisterAustinTX.JPG/440px-AustinSaltilloSisterAustinTX.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption>Sister city monument in Austin commemorating the relationship with <a href="/wiki/Saltillo" title="Saltillo">Saltillo</a></figcaption></figure> Austin's sister cities are:<a href="#cite_note-367">[363]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia"><img alt="Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Adelaide,_South_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Adelaide, South Australia">Adelaide, South Australia</a>, Australia (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Angers" title="Angers">Angers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pays_de_la_Loire" title="Pays de la Loire">Pays de la Loire</a>, France (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey"><img alt="Turkey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Antalya" title="Antalya">Antalya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antalya_Province" title="Antalya Province">Antalya Province</a>, Turkey (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea"><img alt="South Korea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Gwangmyeong" title="Gwangmyeong">Gwangmyeong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gyeonggi-do" class="mw-redirect" title="Gyeonggi-do">Gyeonggi-do</a>, South Korea (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Hackney" title="London Borough of Hackney">Hackney</a>, <a href="/wiki/London,_England" class="mw-redirect" title="London, England">London, England</a>, United Kingdom (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Koblenz" title="Koblenz">Koblenz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rhineland-Palatinate" title="Rhineland-Palatinate">Rhineland-Palatinate</a>, Germany (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru"><img alt="Peru" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/23px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/35px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/45px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Lima" title="Lima">Lima</a>, Peru (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesotho" title="Lesotho"><img alt="Lesotho" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Flag_of_Lesotho.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lesotho.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Flag_of_Lesotho.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lesotho.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Flag_of_Lesotho.svg/45px-Flag_of_Lesotho.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Maseru" title="Maseru">Maseru</a>, Lesotho (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><img alt="Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/%C5%8Cita_(city)" title="Ōita (city)">Ōita</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C5%8Cita_Prefecture" title="Ōita Prefecture">Ōita</a>, Japan (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Pune" title="Pune">Pune</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a>, India (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico"><img alt="Mexico" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Saltillo" title="Saltillo">Saltillo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coahuila" title="Coahuila">Coahuila</a>, Mexico (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan"><img alt="Taiwan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Taichung" title="Taichung">Taichung</a>, Taiwan (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Xishuangbanna_Dai_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture">Xishuangbanna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan</a>, China (1997)</li></ul> </div> The cities of <a href="/wiki/Belo_Horizonte" title="Belo Horizonte">Belo Horizonte</a>, Brazil and <a href="/wiki/Elche" title="Elche">Elche</a>, Spain were formerly sister cities, but after an Austin City Council vote in 1991, their statuses were deactivated.<a href="#cite_note-368">[364]</a> <a href="/wiki/Orlu,_Imo" title="Orlu, Imo">Orlu</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_East_(Nigeria)" title="South East (Nigeria)">South East</a>, Nigeria became a sister city in 2000, but was downgraded to emeritus status later.<a href="#cite_note-369">[365]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Friendship_cities">Friendship cities</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Austin,_Texas&action=edit&section=59" title="Edit section: Friendship cities">edit</a>]</div> Covenants between two city leaders:<a href="#cite_note-370">[366]</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia"><img alt="Cambodia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="640" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Siem_Reap" title="Siem Reap">Siem Reap</a>, Cambodia (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Villefranche-sur-Mer" title="Villefranche-sur-Mer">Villefranche-sur-Mer</a>, France (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico"><img alt="Mexico" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Tehuac%C3%A1n" title="Tehuacán">Tehuacán</a>, <a href="/wiki/Puebla_(state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Puebla (state)">Puebla</a>, Mexico (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico"><img alt="Mexico" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /></a> <a href="/wiki/San_Luis_Potos%C3%AD" title="San Luis Potosí">San Luis Potosí</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Luis_Potos%C3%AD_(state)" class="mw-redirect" title="San Luis Potosí (state)">San Luis Potosí</a>, Mexico (2024)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand"><img alt="Thailand" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/35px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/45px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Chiang_Mai" title="Chiang Mai">Chiang Mai</a>, Thailand (2023)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Austin,_Texas&action=edit&section=60" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Texas.svg/32px-Flag_of_Texas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Texas.svg/48px-Flag_of_Texas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Texas.svg/64px-Flag_of_Texas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Texas" title="Portal:Texas">Texas portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_based_in_Austin,_Texas" title="List of companies based in Austin, Texas">List of companies based in Austin, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Austin,_Texas" title="List of people from Austin, Texas">List of people from Austin, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Travis_County,_Texas" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Travis County, Texas">National Register of Historic Places listings in Travis County, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Austin,_Texas" title="Music of Austin, Texas">Music in Austin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Austin_neighborhoods" title="List of Austin neighborhoods">Neighborhoods in Austin</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Austin,_Texas&action=edit&section=61" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-pledged-1"><a href="#cite_ref-pledged_1-0">^</a> All elected officials in the city of Austin are officially nonpartisan; party affiliation is for informational purposes only. </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> Mean monthly maxima and minima (i.e. the highest and lowest temperature readings during an entire month or year) calculated based on data at said location from 1991 to 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> Official records for Austin were kept at downtown from September 1897 to July 1942, <a href="/wiki/Mueller_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Mueller Airport">Mueller Airport</a> from August 1942 to June 1999, and at Camp Mabry since July 1999. For more information, see <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://threadex.rcc-acis.org">Threadex</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> Although Council's attempt to address homelessness and the cost of living had prohibited camping in certain areas of the city, very lax enforcement of that policy frustrated the public and led to reinstatement of the widespread ban.<a href="#cite_note-125">[122]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Austin,_Texas&action=edit&section=62" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-CityGovernment-2"><a href="#cite_ref-CityGovernment_2-0">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.austintexas.gov/government">"Government"</a>. austintexas.gov. Retrieved July 27, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=austintexas.gov&rft.atitle=Government&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.austintexas.gov%2Fgovernment&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAustin%2C+Texas" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2019_Gazetteer-3"><a href="#cite_ref-2019_Gazetteer_3-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2019_Gazetteer/2019_gaz_place_48.txt">"2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files"</a>. United States Census Bureau. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_SF1/G001/1600000US4805000">the original</a> on February 13, 2020. Retrieved February 8, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+Factfinder&rft.atitle=Geographic+Identifiers%3A+2010+Census+Summary+File+1+%28G001%29%3A+Austin+city%2C+Texas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffactfinder.census.gov%2Fbkmk%2Ftable%2F1.0%2Fen%2FDEC%2F10_SF1%2FG001%2F1600000US4805000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAustin%2C+Texas" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWells2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_C._Wells" title="John C. Wells">Wells, John C.</a> (2008). Longman Pronunciation Dictionary (3rd ed.). 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City of Austin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221021120816/https://www.austintexas.gov/department/sister-and-friendship-cities-program">Archived</a> from the original on October 21, 2022. Retrieved October 26, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sister+and+Friendship+Cities+Program&rft.pub=City+of+Austin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.austintexas.gov%2Fdepartment%2Fsister-and-friendship-cities-program&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAustin%2C+Texas" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-368"><a href="#cite_ref-368">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ci.austin.tx.us/edims/document.cfm?id=24471">"Austin City Council Minutes"</a>. Austin City Connection. City of Austin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181005165128/http://www.ci.austin.tx.us/edims/document.cfm?id=24471">Archived</a> from the original on October 5, 2018. Retrieved March 21, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Austin+City+Connection&rft.atitle=Austin+City+Council+Minutes&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ci.austin.tx.us%2Fedims%2Fdocument.cfm%3Fid%3D24471&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAustin%2C+Texas" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-369"><a href="#cite_ref-369">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sistercities.org/membership-directory/">"Sister Cities Membership Directory"</a>. Sister Cities International. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240526141207/https://www1.sistercities.org/membership-directory/">Archived</a> from the original on May 26, 2024. Retrieved June 8, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sister+Cities+Membership+Directory&rft.pub=Sister+Cities+International&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsistercities.org%2Fmembership-directory%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAustin%2C+Texas" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-370"><a href="#cite_ref-370">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://austintexas.gov/faq/what-difference-between-sister-city-and-friendship-city">"What Is The Difference Between A Sister City And A Friendship City?"</a>. City of Austin. December 31, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180118181324/https://austintexas.gov/faq/what-difference-between-sister-city-and-friendship-city">Archived</a> from the original on January 18, 2018. Retrieved January 8, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=City+of+Austin&rft.atitle=What+Is+The+Difference+Between+A+Sister+City+And+A+Friendship+City%3F&rft.date=2019-12-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faustintexas.gov%2Ffaq%2Fwhat-difference-between-sister-city-and-friendship-city&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAustin%2C+Texas" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Austin,_Texas&action=edit&section=63" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShank1994" class="citation book cs1">Shank, Barry (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=v79of-KXnfgC">Dissonant Identities: The Rock'n'Roll Scene in Austin, Texas</a>. Hanover, New Hampshire: University Press of New England. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8195-6276-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8195-6276-0"><bdi>978-0-8195-6276-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dissonant+Identities%3A+The+Rock%27n%27Roll+Scene+in+Austin%2C+Texas&rft.place=Hanover%2C+New+Hampshire&rft.pub=University+Press+of+New+England&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-8195-6276-0&rft.aulast=Shank&rft.aufirst=Barry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dv79of-KXnfgC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAustin%2C+Texas" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThompsonHowell2000" class="citation book cs1">Thompson, Karen; Howell, Kathy R. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=raCa0HuWAX0C">Austin, Texas</a>. Charleston, South Carolina: Arcadia Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7385-0832-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7385-0832-0"><bdi>978-0-7385-0832-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Austin%2C+Texas&rft.place=Charleston%2C+South+Carolina&rft.pub=Arcadia+Publishing&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-7385-0832-0&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=Karen&rft.au=Howell%2C+Kathy+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DraCa0HuWAX0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAustin%2C+Texas" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Wright" title="Lawrence Wright">Wright, Lawrence</a>. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2023/02/13/the-astonishing-transformation-of-austin">The Astonishing Transformation of Austin, Texas</a>". The New Yorker, February 6, 2023.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Austin,_Texas&action=edit&section=64" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> Austin, Texas at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Austin" class="extiw" title="wikt:Austin">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Austin,_Texas" class="extiw" title="c:Austin, Texas">Media</a> from Commons</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/Austin,_Texas" class="extiw" title="n:Special:Search/Austin, Texas">News</a> from Wikinews</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Austin,_Texas" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Austin, Texas">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Austin,_Texas" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/Austin, Texas">Texts</a> from Wikisource</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Austin,_Texas" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/Austin, Texas">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/54px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Austin,_Texas" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/Austin, Texas">Resources</a> from Wikiversity</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/41px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/54px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Austin,_Texas" class="extiw" title="voy:Austin, Texas">Travel information</a> from Wikivoyage</li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://austintexas.gov/">AustinTexas.gov</a> - official city website</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://austinchamber.com/">Austin Chamber of Commerce</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://texashistory.unt.edu/browse/contributor/ASPL/">Historic photographs from the Austin History Center</a>, hosted by the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://texashistory.unt.edu/">Portal to Texas History</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/hda03">Austin</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Handbook_of_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="Handbook of Texas">Handbook of Texas</a> Online</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/16px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/24px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/32px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /> Geographic data related to <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/113314">Austin, Texas</a> at <a href="/wiki/OpenStreetMap" title="OpenStreetMap">OpenStreetMap</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Austin,_Texas" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Austin,_Texas" title="Template:Austin, Texas"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Austin,_Texas" title="Template talk:Austin, Texas"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Austin,_Texas" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Austin, Texas"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Austin,_Texas" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Austin, Texas</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Slogan: Live Music Capital of the World</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Attractions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austin_Zoo" title="Austin Zoo">Austin Zoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circuit_of_the_Americas" title="Circuit of the Americas">Circuit of the Americas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darrell_K_Royal%E2%80%93Texas_Memorial_Stadium" title="Darrell K Royal–Texas Memorial Stadium">Darrell K Royal–Texas Memorial Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dell_Diamond" title="Dell Diamond">Dell Diamond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Driskill_Hotel" title="Driskill Hotel">Driskill Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Erwin_Center" title="Frank Erwin Center">Frank Erwin Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NLand" title="NLand">NLand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_State_Capitol" title="Texas State Capitol">State Capitol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Governor%27s_Mansion" title="Texas Governor's Mansion">Texas Governor's Mansion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_Oak_(Austin,_Texas)" title="Treaty Oak (Austin, Texas)">Treaty Oak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UFCU_Disch%E2%80%93Falk_Field" title="UFCU Disch–Falk Field">UFCU Disch-Falk Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Main_Building_(University_of_Texas_at_Austin)" title="Main Building (University of Texas at Austin)">University of Texas Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zach_Theatre" title="Zach Theatre">Zach Theatre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Austin,_Texas" title="History of Austin, Texas">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Waller_Plan" title="Waller Plan">1839 city plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1928_Austin_city_plan" title="1928 Austin city plan">1928 city plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austin_Dam_failure_(Texas)" title="Austin Dam failure (Texas)">Austin Dam failure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Capitol_View_Corridors" title="Texas Capitol View Corridors">Capitol View Corridors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Austin,_Texas" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Austin, Texas">COVID-19 pandemic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Legation" class="mw-redirect" title="French Legation">French Legation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Austin" title="Greater Austin">Greater Austin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_F._Austin" title="Stephen F. Austin">Stephen F. Austin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Archive_War" title="Texas Archive War">Texas Archive War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Austin,_Texas" title="Timeline of Austin, Texas">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_Oak_(Austin,_Texas)" title="Treaty Oak (Austin, Texas)">Treaty Oak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterloo,_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="Waterloo, Texas">Waterloo, Texas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tertiary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austin_Community_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Austin Community College">Austin Community College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concordia_University_Texas" title="Concordia University Texas">Concordia University Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huston%E2%80%93Tillotson_University" title="Huston–Tillotson University">Huston–Tillotson University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Edward%27s_University" title="St. Edward's University">St. Edward's University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Texas_at_Austin" title="University of Texas at Austin">University of Texas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">School districts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austin_Independent_School_District" title="Austin Independent School District">Austin ISD</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Austin_ISD_Schools" title="Template:Austin ISD Schools">template</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Del_Valle_Independent_School_District" title="Del Valle Independent School District">Del Valle ISD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eanes_Independent_School_District" title="Eanes Independent School District">Eanes ISD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hays_Consolidated_Independent_School_District" title="Hays Consolidated Independent School District">Hays CISD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leander_Independent_School_District" title="Leander Independent School District">Leander ISD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Travis_Independent_School_District" title="Lake Travis Independent School District">Lake Travis ISD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manor_Independent_School_District" title="Manor Independent School District">Manor ISD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pflugerville_Independent_School_District" title="Pflugerville Independent School District">Pflugerville ISD</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">State schools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Texas_School_for_the_Blind_and_Visually_Impaired" title="Texas School for the Blind and Visually Impaired">Texas School for the Blind and Visually Impaired</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_School_for_the_Deaf" title="Texas School for the Deaf">Texas School for the Deaf</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Closed" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Closed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Blind,_Deaf,_and_Orphan_School" title="Texas Blind, Deaf, and Orphan School">Texas Blind, Deaf, and Orphan School</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Libraries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austin_Public_Library" title="Austin Public Library">Austin Public Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_de_Zavala_State_Archives_and_Library_Building" title="Lorenzo de Zavala State Archives and Library Building">Lorenzo de Zavala State Archives and Library Building</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Government</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austin_City_Hall_(Austin,_Texas)" title="Austin City Hall (Austin, Texas)">City Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camp_Mabry" title="Camp Mabry">Camp Mabry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austin_City_Council" title="Austin City Council">City Council</a> (<a href="/wiki/Austin_City_Council_District_1" title="Austin City Council District 1">1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austin_City_Council_District_2" title="Austin City Council District 2">2</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austin_City_Council_District_3" title="Austin City Council District 3">3</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austin_City_Council_District_4" title="Austin City Council District 4">4</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austin_City_Council_District_5" title="Austin City Council District 5">5</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austin_City_Council_District_6" title="Austin City Council District 6">6</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austin_City_Council_District_7" title="Austin City Council District 7">7</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austin_City_Council_District_8" title="Austin City Council District 8">8</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austin_City_Council_District_9" title="Austin City Council District 9">9</a>,<a href="/wiki/Austin_City_Council_District_10" title="Austin City Council District 10">10</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austin_Fire_Department" title="Austin Fire Department">Fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austin_Public_Health" title="Austin Public Health">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austin_Police_Department" title="Austin Police Department">Police</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Industry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amy%27s_Ice_Creams" title="Amy's Ice Creams">Amy's Ice Creams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golfsmith" title="Golfsmith">Golfsmith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keller_Williams_Realty" title="Keller Williams Realty">Keller Williams Realty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schlotzsky%27s" title="Schlotzsky's">Schlotzsky's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torchy%27s_Tacos" title="Torchy's Tacos">Torchy's Tacos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whole_Foods_Market" title="Whole Foods Market">Whole Foods Market</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Creative arts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alamo_Drafthouse_Cinema" title="Alamo Drafthouse Cinema">Alamo Drafthouse Cinema</a>/<a href="/wiki/Drafthouse_Films" title="Drafthouse Films">Drafthouse Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austin_Film_Society" title="Austin Film Society">Austin Film Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collings_Guitars" title="Collings Guitars">Collings Guitars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devolver_Digital" title="Devolver Digital">Devolver Digital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunfire_Games" title="Gunfire Games">Gunfire Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inner_Sanctum_Records" title="Inner Sanctum Records">Inner Sanctum Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Powerhouse_Animation_Studios" title="Powerhouse Animation Studios">Powerhouse Animation Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retro_Studios" title="Retro Studios">Retro Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rooster_Teeth" title="Rooster Teeth">Rooster Teeth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troublemaker_Studios" title="Troublemaker Studios">Troublemaker Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterloo_Records" title="Waterloo Records">Waterloo Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Vinyl" title="Western Vinyl">Western Vinyl</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Technology_Development_Facility" title="Advanced Technology Development Facility">Advanced Technology Development Facility (ATDF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cirrus_Logic" title="Cirrus Logic">Cirrus Logic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dell" title="Dell">Dell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freescale_Semiconductor" title="Freescale Semiconductor">Freescale Semiconductor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luminex_Corporation" title="Luminex Corporation">Luminex Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microelectronics_and_Computer_Technology_Corporation" title="Microelectronics and Computer Technology Corporation">MCC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Instruments" title="National Instruments">National Instruments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silicon_Labs" title="Silicon Labs">Silicon Labs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valence_Technology" title="Valence Technology">Valence Technology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Museums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austin_History_Center" title="Austin History Center">Austin History Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austin_Museum_of_Digital_Art" title="Austin Museum of Digital Art">Austin Museum of Digital Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blanton_Museum_of_Art" title="Blanton Museum of Art">Blanton Museum of Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bullock_Texas_State_History_Museum" title="Bullock Texas State History Museum">Bullock Texas State History Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Contemporary_Austin" title="The Contemporary Austin">The Contemporary Austin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laguna_Gloria" title="Laguna Gloria">The Contemporary Austin - Laguna Gloria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jones_Center_on_Congress_Avenue" title="Jones Center on Congress Avenue">The Contemporary Austin – Jones Center on Congress Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolph_Briscoe_Center_for_American_History" title="Dolph Briscoe Center for American History">Dolph Briscoe Center for American History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisabet_Ney_Museum" title="Elisabet Ney Museum">Elisabet Ney Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Legation" class="mw-redirect" title="French Legation">French Legation Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Carver_Museum_and_Cultural_Center" title="George Washington Carver Museum and Cultural Center">George Washington Carver Museum and Cultural Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Ransom_Center" title="Harry Ransom Center">Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southgate-Lewis_House" class="mw-redirect" title="Southgate-Lewis House">Jacob Fontaine Religious Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Bird_Johnson_Wildflower_Center" title="Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center">Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_Baines_Johnson_Library_and_Museum" title="Lyndon Baines Johnson Library and Museum">Lyndon Baines Johnson Library and Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexic-Arte_Museum" title="Mexic-Arte Museum">Mexic-Arte Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neill-Cochran_House" class="mw-redirect" title="Neill-Cochran House">Neill-Cochran House Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O._Henry_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="O. Henry Museum">O. Henry Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Austin_Museum_of_Popular_Culture" class="mw-redirect" title="South Austin Museum of Popular Culture">South Austin Museum of Popular Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Memorial_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Texas Memorial Museum">Texas Memorial Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Military_Forces_Museum" title="Texas Military Forces Museum">Texas Military Forces Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Land_Office_Building_(Austin,_Texas)" title="General Land Office Building (Austin, Texas)">Texas State Capitol Visitors Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umlauf_Sculpture_Garden_and_Museum" title="Umlauf Sculpture Garden and Museum">Umlauf Sculpture Garden and Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_and_Their_Work" title="Women and Their Work">Women and Their Work</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Austin,_Texas" title="Music of Austin, Texas">Music</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clifford_Antone" title="Clifford Antone">Antone's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armadillo_World_Headquarters" title="Armadillo World Headquarters">Armadillo World Headquarters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austin_City_Limits" title="Austin City Limits">Austin City Limits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austin_Opera" title="Austin Opera">Austin Opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austin_Symphony_Orchestra" title="Austin Symphony Orchestra">Austin Symphony Orchestra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinematic_Symphony" title="Cinematic Symphony">Cinematic Symphony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emo%27s" title="Emo's">Emo's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germania_Insurance_Amphitheater" title="Germania Insurance Amphitheater">Germania Insurance Amphitheater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_by_Southwest" title="South by Southwest">SXSW</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Austin_neighborhoods" title="List of Austin neighborhoods">Neighborhoods</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allandale,_Austin,_Texas" title="Allandale, Austin, Texas">Allandale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anderson_Mill,_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="Anderson Mill, Texas">Anderson Mill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barton_Hills,_Austin,_Texas" title="Barton Hills, Austin, Texas">Barton Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackland,_Austin,_Texas" title="Blackland, Austin, Texas">Blackland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bouldin_Creek,_Austin,_Texas" title="Bouldin Creek, Austin, Texas">Bouldin Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bremond_Block_Historic_District_(Austin,_Texas)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bremond Block Historic District (Austin, Texas)">Bremond Block Historic District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brentwood,_Austin,_Texas" title="Brentwood, Austin, Texas">Brentwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryker_Woods,_Austin,_Texas" title="Bryker Woods, Austin, Texas">Bryker Woods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canyon_Creek,_Austin,_Texas" title="Canyon Creek, Austin, Texas">Canyon Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinatown,_Austin" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinatown, Austin">Chinatown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circle_C_Ranch" title="Circle C Ranch">Circle C Ranch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarksville_Historic_District_(Austin,_Texas)" title="Clarksville Historic District (Austin, Texas)">Clarksville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_Avenue_Historic_District" title="Congress Avenue Historic District">Congress Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copperfield,_Austin,_Texas" title="Copperfield, Austin, Texas">Copperfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crestview,_Austin,_Texas" title="Crestview, Austin, Texas">Crestview</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawson,_Austin,_Texas" title="Dawson, Austin, Texas">Dawson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dove_Springs,_Austin,_Texas" title="Dove Springs, Austin, Texas">Dove Springs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Downtown_Austin" title="Downtown Austin">Downtown Austin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drag_(Austin,_Texas)" title="Drag (Austin, Texas)">The Drag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Cesar_Chavez,_Austin,_Texas" title="East Cesar Chavez, Austin, Texas">East Cesar Chavez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Riverside-Oltorf,_Austin,_Texas" title="East Riverside-Oltorf, Austin, Texas">East Riverside-Oltorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easton_Park" title="Easton Park">Easton Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Place,_Austin_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="French Place, Austin Texas">French Place</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galindo,_Austin,_Texas" title="Galindo, Austin, Texas">Galindo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granada_Hills,_Austin,_Texas" title="Granada Hills, Austin, Texas">Granada Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hancock,_Austin,_Texas" title="Hancock, Austin, Texas">Hancock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyde_Park_(Austin,_Texas)" title="Hyde Park (Austin, Texas)">Hyde Park Historic District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jollyville,_Texas" title="Jollyville, Texas">Jollyville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montopolis,_Austin,_Texas" title="Montopolis, Austin, Texas">Montopolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moore%27s_Crossing_Historic_District" title="Moore's Crossing Historic District">Moore's Crossing Historic District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mueller_Community" title="Mueller Community">Mueller Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Burnet%E2%80%93Gateway,_Austin,_Texas" title="North Burnet–Gateway, Austin, Texas">North Burnet–Gateway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Shoal_Creek,_Austin,_Texas" title="North Shoal Creek, Austin, Texas">North Shoal Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Hills,_Austin,_Texas" title="Northwest Hills, Austin, Texas">Northwest Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oak_Hill,_Austin,_Texas" title="Oak Hill, Austin, Texas">Oak Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_West_Austin_Historic_District" title="Old West Austin Historic District">Old West Austin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onion_Creek,_Austin,_Texas" title="Onion Creek, Austin, Texas">Onion Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pemberton_Heights,_Austin,_Texas" title="Pemberton Heights, Austin, Texas">Pemberton Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainey_Street_Historic_District" title="Rainey Street Historic District">Rainey Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosedale,_Austin,_Texas" title="Rosedale, Austin, Texas">Rosedale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_John,_Austin,_Texas" title="Saint John, Austin, Texas">Saint John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scenic_Brook,_Austin,_Texas" title="Scenic Brook, Austin, Texas">Scenic Brook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Lawn_Historic_District_(Austin,_Texas)" title="Shadow Lawn Historic District (Austin, Texas)">Shadow Lawn Historic District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixth_Street_(Austin,_Texas)" title="Sixth Street (Austin, Texas)">Sixth Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Congress" title="South Congress">South Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Lamar,_Austin,_Texas" title="South Lamar, Austin, Texas">South Lamar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_River_City,_Austin,_Texas" title="South River City, Austin, Texas">South River City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spyglass-Barton%27s_Bluff,_Austin,_Texas" title="Spyglass-Barton's Bluff, Austin, Texas">Spyglass-Barton's Bluff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Hill_Historic_District" title="Swedish Hill Historic District">Swedish Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarrytown,_Austin,_Texas" title="Tarrytown, Austin, Texas">Tarrytown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travis_Heights,_Austin,_Texas" title="Travis Heights, Austin, Texas">Travis Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waters_Park,_Texas" title="Waters Park, Texas">Waters Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Campus,_Austin,_Texas" title="West Campus, Austin, Texas">West Campus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westgate,_Austin,_Texas" title="Westgate, Austin, Texas">Westgate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Line_Historic_District_(Austin,_Texas)" title="West Line Historic District (Austin, Texas)">West Line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willow-Spence_Streets_Historic_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Willow-Spence Streets Historic District">Willow-Spence Streets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windsor_Hills,_Austin,_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="Windsor Hills, Austin, Texas">Windsor Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windsor_Park,_Austin,_Texas" title="Windsor Park, Austin, Texas">Windsor Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wooten,_Austin,_Texas" title="Wooten, Austin, Texas">Wooten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zilker,_Austin,_Texas" title="Zilker, Austin, Texas">Zilker</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Parks and recreation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auditorium_Shores" title="Auditorium Shores">Auditorium Shores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barton_Creek_Greenbelt" title="Barton Creek Greenbelt">Barton Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barton_Springs" title="Barton Springs">Barton Springs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Walnut_Creek_Nature_Preserve" title="Big Walnut Creek Nature Preserve">Big Walnut Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bull_Creek_District_Park" title="Bull Creek District Park">Bull Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_River_(Texas)" title="Colorado River (Texas)">Colorado River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_Eddy_Pool" title="Deep Eddy Pool">Deep Eddy Pool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Long_Metropolitan_Park" title="Emma Long Metropolitan Park">Emma Long</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippie_Hollow_Park" title="Hippie Hollow Park">Hippie Hollow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Bird_Lake" title="Lady Bird Lake">Lady Bird Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Austin" title="Lake Austin">Lake Austin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Travis" title="Lake Travis">Lake Travis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Walter_E._Long" title="Lake Walter E. Long">Lake Walter E. Long</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McKinney_Falls_State_Park" title="McKinney Falls State Park">McKinney Falls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Bonnell" title="Mount Bonnell">Mount Bonnell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pease_Park" title="Pease Park">Pease Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_Square_(Austin)" title="Republic Square (Austin)">Republic Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosewood_Park_(Austin,_Texas)" title="Rosewood Park (Austin, Texas)">Rosewood Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walnut_Creek_Metropolitan_Park" title="Walnut Creek Metropolitan Park">Walnut Creek Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wild_Basin_Wilderness_Preserve" title="Wild Basin Wilderness Preserve">Wild Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zilker_Park" title="Zilker Park">Zilker Park</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Transportation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Public</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austin%E2%80%93Bergstrom_International_Airport" title="Austin–Bergstrom International Airport">Austin–Bergstrom International Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CapMetro" title="CapMetro">CapMetro</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CapMetro_Bus" title="CapMetro Bus">CapMetro Bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CapMetro_Rail" title="CapMetro Rail">CapMetro Rail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CapMetro_Rapid" title="CapMetro Rapid">CapMetro Rapid</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_Area_Rural_Transportation_System" title="Capital Area Rural Transportation System">Capital Area Rural Transportation System</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Freeways</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Texas_State_Highway_Loop_1" title="Texas State Highway Loop 1">MoPac Expressway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_35_in_Texas#Austin" title="Interstate 35 in Texas">Interstate 35</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_State_Highway_130" title="Texas State Highway 130">Pickle Parkway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_State_Highway_71#Austin" title="Texas State Highway 71">SH 71</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_290#Austin" title="U.S. Route 290">US 290</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_183_in_Texas" title="U.S. Route 183 in Texas">US 183</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Streets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congress_Avenue_Historic_District" title="Congress Avenue Historic District">Congress Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drag_(Austin,_Texas)" title="Drag (Austin, Texas)">Guadalupe Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixth_Street_(Austin,_Texas)" title="Sixth Street (Austin, Texas)">Sixth Street</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bridges</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ann_W._Richards_Congress_Avenue_Bridge" title="Ann W. Richards Congress Avenue Bridge">Ann W. Richards Congress Avenue Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamar_Boulevard_Bridge" title="Lamar Boulevard Bridge">Lamar Boulevard Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Monroe_Forever_Bridge" title="Larry Monroe Forever Bridge">Larry Monroe Forever Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montopolis_Bridge" title="Montopolis Bridge">Montopolis Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennybacker_Bridge" title="Pennybacker Bridge">Pennybacker Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_D._Pfluger_Pedestrian_and_Bicycle_Bridge" title="James D. Pfluger Pedestrian and Bicycle Bridge">Pfluger Pedestrian Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Fifth_Street_Bridge_at_Shoal_Creek" title="West Fifth Street Bridge at Shoal Creek">West Fifth Street Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Sixth_Street_Bridge" title="West Sixth Street Bridge">West Sixth Street Bridge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chili%27s_at_45th_and_Lamar" title="Chili's at 45th and Lamar">Chili's at 45th and Lamar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keep_Austin_Weird" title="Keep Austin Weird">Keep Austin Weird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leslie_Cochran" title="Leslie Cochran">Leslie Cochran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupy_Austin" title="Occupy Austin">Occupy Austin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spamarama" title="Spamarama">Spamarama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weird_City" title="Weird City">Weird City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austin_Aztex_FC" title="Austin Aztex FC">Austin Aztex FC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austin_Bold_FC" title="Austin Bold FC">Austin Bold FC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austin_FC" title="Austin FC">Austin FC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austin_FC_II" title="Austin FC II">Austin FC II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austin_Gilgronis" title="Austin Gilgronis">Austin Gilgronis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austin_Huns" title="Austin Huns">Austin Huns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austin_Lightning" title="Austin Lightning">Austin Lightning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austin_Lone_Stars#Lady_Lone_Stars" title="Austin Lone Stars">Austin Lady Lone Stars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austin_Lone_Stars" title="Austin Lone Stars">Austin Lone Stars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austin_Outlaws" title="Austin Outlaws">Austin Outlaws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austin_Rise_FC" title="Austin Rise FC">Austin Rise FC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austin_Spurs" title="Austin Spurs">Austin Spurs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austin_Thunder" title="Austin Thunder">Austin Thunder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austin_United_FC" title="Austin United FC">Austin United FC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FC_Austin_Elite" title="FC Austin Elite">FC Austin Elite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Round_Rock_Express" title="Round Rock Express">Round Rock Express</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Stars" title="Texas Stars">Texas Stars</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Austin–Round_Rock–San_Marcos" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Greater_Austin" title="Template:Greater Austin"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Greater_Austin" title="Template talk:Greater Austin"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Greater_Austin" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Greater Austin"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Austin–Round_Rock–San_Marcos" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Greater_Austin" title="Greater Austin">Austin–Round Rock–San Marcos</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Central city</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Austin</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Pacebend.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lake Travis"><img alt="Lake Travis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Pacebend.jpg/150px-Pacebend.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Pacebend.jpg/225px-Pacebend.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Pacebend.jpg/300px-Pacebend.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Satellite cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cedar_Park,_Texas" title="Cedar Park, Texas">Cedar Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgetown,_Texas" title="Georgetown, Texas">Georgetown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pflugerville,_Texas" title="Pflugerville, Texas">Pflugerville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Round_Rock,_Texas" title="Round Rock, Texas">Round Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Marcos,_Texas" title="San Marcos, Texas">San Marcos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other communities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bastrop,_Texas" title="Bastrop, Texas">Bastrop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buda,_Texas" title="Buda, Texas">Buda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burnet,_Texas" title="Burnet, Texas">Burnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elgin,_Texas" title="Elgin, Texas">Elgin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hudson_Bend,_Texas" title="Hudson Bend, Texas">Hudson Bend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hutto,_Texas" title="Hutto, Texas">Hutto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jollyville,_Texas" title="Jollyville, Texas">Jollyville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyle,_Texas" title="Kyle, Texas">Kyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lago_Vista,_Texas" title="Lago Vista, Texas">Lago Vista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leander,_Texas" title="Leander, Texas">Leander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakeway,_Texas" title="Lakeway, Texas">Lakeway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockhart,_Texas" title="Lockhart, Texas">Lockhart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lost_Creek,_Texas" title="Lost Creek, Texas">Lost Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luling,_Texas" title="Luling, Texas">Luling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manor,_Texas" title="Manor, Texas">Manor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marble_Falls,_Texas" title="Marble Falls, Texas">Marble Falls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taylor,_Texas" title="Taylor, Texas">Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smithville,_Texas" title="Smithville, Texas">Smithville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wells_Branch,_Texas" title="Wells Branch, Texas">Wells Branch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Lake_Hills,_Texas" title="West Lake Hills, Texas">West Lake Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wimberley,_Texas" title="Wimberley, Texas">Wimberley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windemere,_Texas" title="Windemere, Texas">Windemere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyldwood,_Texas" title="Wyldwood, Texas">Wyldwood</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Counties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">MSA/CSA</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bastrop_County,_Texas" title="Bastrop County, Texas">Bastrop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burnet_County,_Texas" title="Burnet County, Texas">Burnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caldwell_County,_Texas" title="Caldwell County, Texas">Caldwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hays_County,_Texas" title="Hays County, Texas">Hays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travis_County,_Texas" title="Travis County, Texas">Travis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Williamson_County,_Texas" title="Williamson County, Texas">Williamson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Outlying</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blanco_County,_Texas" title="Blanco County, Texas">Blanco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burleson_County,_Texas" title="Burleson County, Texas">Burleson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_County,_Texas" title="Colorado County, Texas">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fayette_County,_Texas" title="Fayette County, Texas">Fayette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gillespie_County,_Texas" title="Gillespie County, Texas">Gillespie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_County,_Texas" title="Lee County, Texas">Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llano_County,_Texas" title="Llano County, Texas">Llano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milam_County,_Texas" title="Milam County, Texas">Milam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_County,_Texas" title="Washington County, Texas">Washington</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Parks and preserves</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balcones_Canyonlands_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Balcones Canyonlands National Wildlife Refuge">Balcones Canyonlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bastrop_State_Park" title="Bastrop State Park">Bastrop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Long_Metropolitan_Park" title="Emma Long Metropolitan Park">Emma Long</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enchanted_Rock" title="Enchanted Rock">Enchanted Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippie_Hollow_Park" title="Hippie Hollow Park">Hippie Hollow</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indiangrass_Wildlife_Sanctuary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indiangrass Wildlife Sanctuary (page does not exist)">Indiangrass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longhorn_Cavern_State_Park" title="Longhorn Cavern State Park">Longhorn Cavern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McKinney_Falls_State_Park" title="McKinney Falls State Park">McKinney Falls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Bonnell" title="Mount Bonnell">Mount Bonnell</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Onion_Creek_Wildlife_Sanctuary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Onion Creek Wildlife Sanctuary (page does not exist)">Onion Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedernales_Falls_State_Park" title="Pedernales Falls State Park">Pedernales Falls</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_J._Stokes_San_Marcos_River_State_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John J. Stokes San Marcos River State Park (page does not exist)">John Stokes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wild_Basin_Wilderness_Preserve" title="Wild Basin Wilderness Preserve">Wild Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zilker_Park" title="Zilker Park">Zilker</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geography</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austin_Chalk" title="Austin Chalk">Austin Chalk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balcones_Fault" title="Balcones Fault">Balcones Fault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwards_Aquifer" title="Edwards Aquifer">Edwards Aquifer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwards_Plateau" title="Edwards Plateau">Edwards Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Highland_Lakes" title="Texas Highland Lakes">Highland Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Hill_Country" title="Texas Hill Country">Hill Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llano_Uplift" title="Llano Uplift">Llano Uplift</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bodies of water</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barton_Creek" title="Barton Creek">Barton Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barton_Springs" title="Barton Springs">Barton Springs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_River_(Texas)" title="Colorado River (Texas)">Colorado River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granger_Lake" title="Granger Lake">Granger Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Bird_Lake" title="Lady Bird Lake">Lady Bird Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Austin" title="Lake Austin">Lake Austin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Georgetown" title="Lake Georgetown">Lake Georgetown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Marble_Falls" title="Lake Marble Falls">Lake Marble Falls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Travis" title="Lake Travis">Lake Travis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Walter_E._Long" title="Lake Walter E. Long">Lake Walter E. Long</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedernales_River" title="Pedernales River">Pedernales River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Gabriel_River_(Texas)" title="San Gabriel River (Texas)">San Gabriel River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Marcos_River" title="San Marcos River">San Marcos River</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Transportation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capital_Area_Rural_Transportation_System" title="Capital Area Rural Transportation System">Capital Area Rural Transportation System</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Public_art_in_Austin,_Texas" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Public_art_in_Austin,_Texas" title="Template:Public art in Austin, Texas"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Public_art_in_Austin,_Texas" title="Template talk:Public art in Austin, Texas"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Public_art_in_Austin,_Texas" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Public art in Austin, Texas"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Public_art_in_Austin,_Texas" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_Austin,_Texas" title="List of public art in Austin, Texas">Public art in Austin, Texas</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Works" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Works</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/And_He_Was_Sad" title="And He Was Sad">And He Was Sad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circle_with_Towers" title="Circle with Towers">Circle with Towers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clock_Knot" title="Clock Knot">Clock Knot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Family_Group_(Umlauf)" title="The Family Group (Umlauf)">The Family Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Monroe_Forever_Bridge" title="Larry Monroe Forever Bridge">Larry Monroe Forever Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Littlefield_Fountain" title="Littlefield Fountain">Littlefield Fountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monochrome_for_Austin" title="Monochrome for Austin">Monochrome for Austin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Seven_Mustangs" title="The Seven Mustangs">The Seven Mustangs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Square_Tilt" title="Square Tilt">Square Tilt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Albert_Sidney_Johnston_(University_of_Texas_at_Austin)" title="Statue of Albert Sidney Johnston (University of Texas at Austin)">Statue of Albert Sidney Johnston (University of Texas at Austin)</a></li> <li>Statue of Barbara Jordan <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Barbara_Jordan_(Austin%E2%80%93Bergstrom_International_Airport)" title="Statue of Barbara Jordan (Austin–Bergstrom International Airport)">Austin–Bergstrom International Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Barbara_Jordan_(University_of_Texas_at_Austin)" title="Statue of Barbara Jordan (University of Texas at Austin)">University of Texas at Austin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Cesar_Chavez" title="Statue of Cesar Chavez">Statue of Cesar Chavez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_George_Washington_(Austin,_Texas)" title="Statue of George Washington (Austin, Texas)">Statue of George Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Jefferson_Davis_(Austin,_Texas)" title="Statue of Jefferson Davis (Austin, Texas)">Statue of Jefferson Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Jim_Hogg" title="Statue of Jim Hogg">Statue of Jim Hogg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_John_Henninger_Reagan" title="Statue of John Henninger Reagan">Statue of John Henninger Reagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Martin_Luther_King_Jr._(Austin,_Texas)" title="Statue of Martin Luther King Jr. (Austin, Texas)">Statue of Martin Luther King Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Robert_E._Lee_(Austin,_Texas)" title="Statue of Robert E. Lee (Austin, Texas)">Statue of Robert E. Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Woodrow_Wilson_(Austin,_Texas)" title="Statue of Woodrow Wilson (Austin, Texas)">Statue of Woodrow Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stevie_Ray_Vaughan_Memorial" title="Stevie Ray Vaughan Memorial">Stevie Ray Vaughan Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Torchbearers" title="The Torchbearers">The Torchbearers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willie_Nelson_statue" title="Willie Nelson statue">Willie Nelson statue</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Texas_State_Capitol" title="Texas State Capitol">Texas State Capitol</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Battle_of_San_Jacinto_(McArdle)" title="The Battle of San Jacinto (McArdle)">The Battle of San Jacinto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_Soldiers_Monument_(Austin,_Texas)" title="Confederate Soldiers Monument (Austin, Texas)">Confederate Soldiers Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawn_at_the_Alamo" title="Dawn at the Alamo">Dawn at the Alamo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disabled_American_Veterans_of_Texas_Monument" title="Disabled American Veterans of Texas Monument">Disabled American Veterans of Texas Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goddess_of_Liberty_(Texas_State_Capitol)" title="Goddess of Liberty (Texas State Capitol)">Goddess of Liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heroes_of_the_Alamo_Monument" title="Heroes of the Alamo Monument">Heroes of the Alamo Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hood%27s_Texas_Brigade_Monument" title="Hood's Texas Brigade Monument">Hood's Texas Brigade Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_War_Veterans_Memorial_(Austin,_Texas)" title="Korean War Veterans Memorial (Austin, Texas)">Korean War Veterans Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pearl_Harbor_Monument" title="Pearl Harbor Monument">Pearl Harbor Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Sam_Houston_(Ney)" title="Statue of Sam Houston (Ney)">Statue of Sam Houston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Stephen_F._Austin" title="Statue of Stephen F. Austin">Statue of Stephen F. Austin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strengthen_the_Arm_of_Liberty_Monument_(Austin,_Texas)" title="Strengthen the Arm of Liberty Monument (Austin, Texas)">Strengthen the Arm of Liberty Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surrender_of_Santa_Anna" title="Surrender of Santa Anna">Surrender of Santa Anna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tejano_Monument" title="Tejano Monument">Tejano Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ten_Commandments_Monument_(Austin,_Texas)" title="Ten Commandments Monument (Austin, Texas)">Ten Commandments Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terry%27s_Texas_Rangers_Monument" title="Terry's Texas Rangers Monument">Terry's Texas Rangers Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_African_American_History_Memorial" title="Texas African American History Memorial">Texas African American History Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Capitol_Vietnam_Veterans_Monument" title="Texas Capitol Vietnam Veterans Monument">Texas Capitol Vietnam Veterans Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Cowboy_Monument" title="Texas Cowboy Monument">Texas Cowboy Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Peace_Officers%27_Memorial" title="Texas Peace Officers' Memorial">Texas Peace Officers' Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Pioneer_Woman_Monument" title="Texas Pioneer Woman Monument">Texas Pioneer Woman Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_World_War_II_Memorial" title="Texas World War II Memorial">Texas World War II Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hiker_(Kitson)" title="The Hiker (Kitson)">The Hiker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribute_to_Texas_Children_Monument" title="Tribute to Texas Children Monument">Tribute to Texas Children Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veterans_of_the_36th_Infantry,_Texas_National_Guard_Monument" title="Veterans of the 36th Infantry, Texas National Guard Monument">Veterans of the 36th Infantry, Texas National Guard Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volunteer_Firemen_Monument" title="Volunteer Firemen Monument">Volunteer Firemen Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_I_Monument_(Austin,_Texas)" title="World War I Monument (Austin, Texas)">World War I Monument</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Texas_State_Cemetery" title="Texas State Cemetery">Texas State Cemetery</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gold_Star_Mothers_Memorial" title="Gold Star Mothers Memorial">Gold Star Mothers Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medal_of_Honor_Monument_(Austin,_Texas)" title="Medal of Honor Monument (Austin, Texas)">Medal of Honor Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nine_Men_of_Praha_Monument" title="Nine Men of Praha Monument">Nine Men of Praha Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purple_Heart_Monument" title="Purple Heart Monument">Purple Heart Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_11,_2001_Monument" title="September 11, 2001 Monument">September 11, 2001 Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Albert_Sidney_Johnston_(Texas_State_Cemetery)" title="Statue of Albert Sidney Johnston (Texas State Cemetery)">Statue of Albert Sidney Johnston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_Memorial_(Austin,_Texas)" title="Vietnam Memorial (Austin, Texas)">Vietnam Memorial</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Related" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Related</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Graffiti_in_Austin,_Texas" title="Graffiti in Austin, Texas">Graffiti in Austin, Texas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Republic_of_Texas" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Republic_of_Texas" title="Template:Republic of Texas"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Republic_of_Texas" title="Template talk:Republic of Texas"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Republic_of_Texas" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Republic of Texas"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Republic_of_Texas" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Texas" title="Republic of Texas">Republic of Texas</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Capitals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harrisburg,_Houston" title="Harrisburg, Houston">Harrisburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington-on-the-Brazos,_Texas" title="Washington-on-the-Brazos, Texas">Washington-on-the-Brazos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galveston,_Texas" title="Galveston, Texas">Galveston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velasco,_Texas" title="Velasco, Texas">Velasco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Columbia,_Texas" title="West Columbia, Texas">Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houston" title="Houston">Houston</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Austin</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_Republic_of_Texas_(1839).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Seal of the Republic of Texas"><img alt="Seal of the Republic of Texas" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Seal_of_the_Republic_of_Texas_%281839%29.svg/100px-Seal_of_the_Republic_of_Texas_%281839%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Seal_of_the_Republic_of_Texas_%281839%29.svg/150px-Seal_of_the_Republic_of_Texas_%281839%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Seal_of_the_Republic_of_Texas_%281839%29.svg/200px-Seal_of_the_Republic_of_Texas_%281839%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="668" data-file-height="668" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Republic_of_Texas" title="President of the Republic of Texas">Presidents</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_G._Burnet" title="David G. Burnet">David G. Burnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Houston" title="Sam Houston">Sam Houston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirabeau_B._Lamar" title="Mirabeau B. Lamar">Mirabeau Lamar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anson_Jones" title="Anson Jones">Anson Jones</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Vice Presidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_de_Zavala" title="Lorenzo de Zavala">Lorenzo de Zavala</a></li> <li>Mirabeau Lamar</li> <li>David G. Burnet</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Burleson" title="Edward Burleson">Edward Burleson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Lewis_Anderson" title="Kenneth Lewis Anderson">Kenneth Lewis Anderson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Documents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Texas Declaration of Independence">Texas Declaration of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Republic_of_Texas" title="Constitution of the Republic of Texas">Constitution of the Republic of Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Archive_War" title="Texas Archive War">Texas Archive War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Colonization</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Castro" title="Henri Castro">Henri Castro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisher%E2%80%93Miller_Land_Grant" title="Fisher–Miller Land Grant">Fisher–Miller Land Grant</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Presidential elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1836_Republic_of_Texas_presidential_election" title="1836 Republic of Texas presidential election">1836</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1838_Republic_of_Texas_presidential_election" title="1838 Republic of Texas presidential election">1838</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1841_Republic_of_Texas_presidential_election" title="1841 Republic of Texas presidential election">1841</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1844_Republic_of_Texas_presidential_election" title="1844 Republic of Texas presidential election">1844</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="State_of_Texas" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Texas" title="Template:Texas"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Texas" title="Template talk:Texas"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Texas" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Texas"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="State_of_Texas" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">State</a> of <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Austin</a> (capital)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Texas-related_articles" title="Index of Texas-related articles">Topics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Texas" title="Outline of Texas">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Texas" title="Architecture of Texas">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Texas" title="Climate of Texas">Climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Texas" title="Climate change in Texas">Climate change</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texan_cuisine" title="Texan cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Texas" title="Geography of Texas">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Texas" title="Government of Texas">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Texas" title="Healthcare in Texas">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Texas" title="History of Texas">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Texas" title="Languages of Texas">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Texas" title="Law of Texas">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_literature" title="Texas literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mass_media_in_Texas" title="Category:Mass media in Texas">Mass media</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_Texas" title="List of newspapers in Texas">Newspapers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_Texas" title="List of radio stations in Texas">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_television_stations_in_Texas" title="List of television stations in Texas">TV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Historic_Landmarks_in_Texas" title="List of National Historic Landmarks in Texas">National Historic Landmarks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Texas" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Texas">National Register of Historic Places Sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Recorded_Texas_Historic_Landmarks" title="List of Recorded Texas Historic Landmarks">Recorded Texas Historic Landmarks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_Texas" title="Sports in Texas">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Texas_state_symbols" title="List of Texas state symbols">Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Texas" title="List of people from Texas">Texans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Texas" title="Time in Texas">Time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tourist_attractions_in_Texas" title="Category:Tourist attractions in Texas">Tourist attractions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_Texas" title="Transportation in Texas">Transportation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Texas" title="Abortion in Texas">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Texas" title="Culture of Texas">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Texas" title="Crime in Texas">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Texas" title="Demographics of Texas">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Texas" title="Economy of Texas">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Texas" title="Education in Texas">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambling_in_Texas" title="Gambling in Texas">Gambling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_laws_in_Texas" title="Gun laws in Texas">Gun laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="Homelessness in Texas">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Texas">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Texas" title="Politics of Texas">Politics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_the_United_States#Texas" title="List of regions of the United States">Regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ark-La-Tex" title="Ark-La-Tex">Ark‑La‑Tex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Bend_(Texas)" title="Big Bend (Texas)">Big Bend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boca_Chica_(Texas)" title="Boca Chica (Texas)">Boca Chica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Blackland_Prairies" title="Texas Blackland Prairies">Blackland Prairies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazos_Valley" title="Brazos Valley">Brazos Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Texas" title="Central Texas">Central Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Coastal_Bend" title="Texas Coastal Bend">Coastal Bend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concho_Valley" title="Concho Valley">Concho Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross_Timbers" title="Cross Timbers">Cross Timbers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Texas" title="East Texas">East Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwards_Plateau" title="Edwards Plateau">Edwards Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Triangle_(Texas)" class="mw-redirect" title="Golden Triangle (Texas)">Golden Triangle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Hill_Country" title="Texas Hill Country">Hill Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llano_Estacado" title="Llano Estacado">Llano Estacado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeast_Texas" title="Northeast Texas">Northeast Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Texas" title="North Texas">North Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osage_Plains" title="Osage Plains">Osage Plains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_panhandle" title="Texas panhandle">Panhandle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permian_Basin_(North_America)" title="Permian Basin (North America)">Permian Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piney_Woods" title="Piney Woods">Piney Woods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Rio_Grande_Valley" title="Lower Rio Grande Valley">Rio Grande Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Texas" title="Southeast Texas">Southeast Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Plains" title="South Plains">South Plains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Texas" title="South Texas">South Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texoma" title="Texoma">Texoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trans-Pecos" title="Trans-Pecos">Trans-Pecos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Texas" title="West Texas">West Texas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Texas_metropolitan_areas" title="List of Texas metropolitan areas">Metropolitan areas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abilene,_Texas" title="Abilene, Texas">Abilene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amarillo,_Texas" title="Amarillo, Texas">Amarillo</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Austin</a>–<a href="/wiki/Round_Rock,_Texas" title="Round Rock, Texas">Round Rock</a> (<a href="/wiki/Greater_Austin" title="Greater Austin">Greater Austin</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaumont,_Texas" title="Beaumont, Texas">Beaumont</a>–<a href="/wiki/Port_Arthur,_Texas" title="Port Arthur, Texas">Port Arthur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brownsville,_Texas" title="Brownsville, Texas">Brownsville</a>–<a href="/wiki/Harlingen,_Texas" title="Harlingen, Texas">Harlingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_Station,_Texas" title="College Station, Texas">College Station</a>–<a href="/wiki/Bryan,_Texas" title="Bryan, Texas">Bryan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corpus_Christi,_Texas" title="Corpus Christi, Texas">Corpus Christi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dallas" title="Dallas">Dallas</a>–<a href="/wiki/Fort_Worth,_Texas" title="Fort Worth, Texas">Fort Worth</a>–<a href="/wiki/Arlington,_Texas" title="Arlington, Texas">Arlington</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dallas%E2%80%93Fort_Worth_metroplex" title="Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex">DFW</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Paso,_Texas" title="El Paso, Texas">El Paso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houston" title="Houston">Houston</a>–<a href="/wiki/The_Woodlands,_Texas" title="The Woodlands, Texas">The Woodlands</a>–<a href="/wiki/Sugar_Land,_Texas" title="Sugar Land, Texas">Sugar Land</a> (<a href="/wiki/Greater_Houston" title="Greater Houston">Greater Houston</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killeen,_Texas" title="Killeen, Texas">Killeen</a>–<a href="/wiki/Temple,_Texas" title="Temple, Texas">Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laredo,_Texas" title="Laredo, Texas">Laredo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longview,_Texas" title="Longview, Texas">Longview</a>/<a href="/wiki/Kilgore,_Texas" title="Kilgore, Texas">Kilgore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lubbock,_Texas" title="Lubbock, Texas">Lubbock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McAllen,_Texas" title="McAllen, Texas">McAllen</a>–<a href="/wiki/Edinburg,_Texas" title="Edinburg, Texas">Edinburg</a>–<a href="/wiki/Mission,_Texas" title="Mission, Texas">Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midland,_Texas" title="Midland, Texas">Midland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odessa,_Texas" title="Odessa, Texas">Odessa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Angelo,_Texas" title="San Angelo, Texas">San Angelo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Antonio" title="San Antonio">San Antonio</a>–<a href="/wiki/New_Braunfels,_Texas" title="New Braunfels, Texas">New Braunfels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherman,_Texas" title="Sherman, Texas">Sherman</a>–<a href="/wiki/Denison,_Texas" title="Denison, Texas">Denison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texarkana,_Texas" title="Texarkana, Texas">Texarkana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyler,_Texas" title="Tyler, Texas">Tyler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria,_Texas" title="Victoria, Texas">Victoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waco,_Texas" title="Waco, Texas">Waco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wagner_Creek_(Texas)" title="Wagner Creek (Texas)">Wagner Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wichita_Falls,_Texas" title="Wichita Falls, Texas">Wichita Falls</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_Texas" title="List of counties in Texas">Counties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">See: <a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_Texas" title="List of counties in Texas">List of counties in Texas</a></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Texas.svg/32px-Flag_of_Texas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Texas.svg/48px-Flag_of_Texas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Texas.svg/64px-Flag_of_Texas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Texas" title="Portal:Texas">Texas portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Other_articles_related_to_Austin" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Other_articles_related_to_Austin" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Other articles related to Austin</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Municipalities_and_communities_of_Travis_County,_Texas,_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Travis_County,_Texas" title="Template:Travis County, Texas"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Travis_County,_Texas" title="Template talk:Travis County, Texas"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Travis_County,_Texas" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Travis County, Texas"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Municipalities_and_communities_of_Travis_County,_Texas,_United_States" class="adr" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Municipalities and communities of <a href="/wiki/Travis_County,_Texas" title="Travis County, Texas">Travis County, Texas</a>, United States</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="color:inherit;"><div><a href="/wiki/County_seat" title="County seat">County seat</a>: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Austin</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/City_(Texas)" class="mw-redirect" title="City (Texas)">Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Austin</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bee_Cave,_Texas" title="Bee Cave, Texas">Bee Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cedar_Park,_Texas" title="Cedar Park, Texas">Cedar Park</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creedmoor,_Texas" title="Creedmoor, Texas">Creedmoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elgin,_Texas" title="Elgin, Texas">Elgin</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonestown,_Texas" title="Jonestown, Texas">Jonestown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lago_Vista,_Texas" title="Lago Vista, Texas">Lago Vista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakeway,_Texas" title="Lakeway, Texas">Lakeway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leander,_Texas" title="Leander, Texas">Leander</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manor,_Texas" title="Manor, Texas">Manor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustang_Ridge,_Texas" title="Mustang Ridge, Texas">Mustang Ridge</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pflugerville,_Texas" title="Pflugerville, Texas">Pflugerville</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rollingwood,_Texas" title="Rollingwood, Texas">Rollingwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Round_Rock,_Texas" title="Round Rock, Texas">Round Rock</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunset_Valley,_Texas" title="Sunset Valley, Texas">Sunset Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Lake_Hills,_Texas" title="West Lake Hills, Texas">West Lake Hills</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Map_of_Texas_highlighting_Travis_County.svg/100px-Map_of_Texas_highlighting_Travis_County.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Map_of_Texas_highlighting_Travis_County.svg/150px-Map_of_Texas_highlighting_Travis_County.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Map_of_Texas_highlighting_Travis_County.svg/200px-Map_of_Texas_highlighting_Travis_County.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1386" data-file-height="1317" /><figcaption>Travis County map</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Village_(Texas)" class="mw-redirect" title="Village (Texas)">Villages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Briarcliff,_Texas" title="Briarcliff, Texas">Briarcliff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Point_Venture,_Texas" title="Point Venture, Texas">Point Venture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Leanna,_Texas" title="San Leanna, Texas">San Leanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hills,_Texas" title="The Hills, Texas">The Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volente,_Texas" title="Volente, Texas">Volente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Webberville,_Texas" title="Webberville, Texas">Webberville</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Census-designated_place" title="Census-designated place">CDPs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barton_Creek,_Texas" title="Barton Creek, Texas">Barton Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garfield,_Texas" title="Garfield, Texas">Garfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hornsby_Bend,_Texas" title="Hornsby Bend, Texas">Hornsby Bend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hudson_Bend,_Texas" title="Hudson Bend, Texas">Hudson Bend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jollyville,_Texas" title="Jollyville, Texas">Jollyville</a>‡ (former)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lost_Creek,_Texas" title="Lost Creek, Texas">Lost Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchaca,_Texas" title="Manchaca, Texas">Manchaca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shady_Hollow,_Texas" title="Shady Hollow, Texas">Shady Hollow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steiner_Ranch,_Texas" title="Steiner Ranch, Texas">Steiner Ranch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanglewood_Forest,_Austin,_Texas" title="Tanglewood Forest, Austin, Texas">Tanglewood Forest</a> (former)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wells_Branch,_Texas" title="Wells Branch, Texas">Wells Branch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windemere,_Texas" title="Windemere, Texas">Windemere</a> (former)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Unincorporated_area#United_States" title="Unincorporated area">Other communities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bluff_Springs,_Texas" title="Bluff Springs, Texas">Bluff Springs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl,_Texas" title="Carl, Texas">Carl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlson,_Texas" title="Carlson, Texas">Carlson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cedar_Valley,_Travis_County,_Texas" title="Cedar Valley, Travis County, Texas">Cedar Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cele,_Texas" title="Cele, Texas">Cele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colton,_Texas" title="Colton, Texas">Colton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Del_Valle,_Texas" title="Del Valle, Texas">Del Valle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dessau,_Texas" title="Dessau, Texas">Dessau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunlap,_Travis_County,_Texas" title="Dunlap, Travis County, Texas">Dunlap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elroy,_Texas" title="Elroy, Texas">Elroy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Littig,_Texas" title="Littig, Texas">Littig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lund,_Texas" title="Lund, Texas">Lund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Ford,_Texas" title="Marshall Ford, Texas">Marshall Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McNeil,_Travis_County,_Texas" title="McNeil, Travis County, Texas">McNeil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moore%27s_Crossing,_Texas" title="Moore's Crossing, Texas">Moore's Crossing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Sweden,_Texas" title="New Sweden, Texas">New Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oak_Hill,_Austin,_Texas" title="Oak Hill, Austin, Texas">Oak Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilot_Knob,_Texas" title="Pilot Knob, Texas">Pilot Knob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Round_Mountain,_Travis_County,_Texas" title="Round Mountain, Travis County, Texas">Round Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spicewood,_Texas" title="Spicewood, Texas">Spicewood</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Points,_Texas" title="Three Points, Texas">Three Points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turnersville,_Travis_County,_Texas" title="Turnersville, Travis County, Texas">Turnersville</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Ghost_town" title="Ghost town">Ghost towns</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daffan,_Texas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daffan, Texas (page does not exist)">Daffan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Decker,_Texas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Decker, Texas (page does not exist)">Decker</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Four_Points,_Austin,_Texas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Four Points, Austin, Texas (page does not exist)">Four Points</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kincheonville,_Austin,_Texas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kincheonville, Austin, Texas (page does not exist)">Kincheonville</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maha,_Texas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maha, Texas (page does not exist)">Maha</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manda,_Texas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manda, Texas (page does not exist)">Manda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Merrilltown,_Austin,_Texas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Merrilltown, Austin, Texas (page does not exist)">Merrilltown</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Montopolis,_Texas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Montopolis, Texas (page does not exist)">Montopolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nameless,_Texas" title="Nameless, Texas">Nameless</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Katy,_Texas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="New Katy, Texas (page does not exist)">New Katy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onion_Creek,_Austin,_Texas" title="Onion Creek, Austin, Texas">Onion Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pleasant_Hill,_Austin,_Texas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pleasant Hill, Austin, Texas (page does not exist)">Pleasant Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waters_Park,_Texas" title="Waters Park, Texas">Waters Park</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;">Footnotes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3" style="color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Texas_(state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Texas (state)">Texas portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Municipalities_and_communities_of_Hays_County,_Texas,_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hays_County,_Texas" title="Template:Hays County, Texas"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hays_County,_Texas" title="Template talk:Hays County, Texas"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hays_County,_Texas" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hays County, Texas"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Municipalities_and_communities_of_Hays_County,_Texas,_United_States" class="adr" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Municipalities and communities of <a href="/wiki/Hays_County,_Texas" title="Hays County, Texas">Hays County, Texas</a>, United States</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="color:inherit;"><div><a href="/wiki/County_seat" title="County seat">County seat</a>: <a href="/wiki/San_Marcos,_Texas" title="San Marcos, Texas">San Marcos</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/City_(Texas)" class="mw-redirect" title="City (Texas)">Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Austin</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buda,_Texas" title="Buda, Texas">Buda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dripping_Springs,_Texas" title="Dripping Springs, Texas">Dripping Springs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hays,_Texas" title="Hays, Texas">Hays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyle,_Texas" title="Kyle, Texas">Kyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_City,_Texas" title="Mountain City, Texas">Mountain City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niederwald,_Texas" title="Niederwald, Texas">Niederwald</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Marcos,_Texas" title="San Marcos, Texas">San Marcos</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uhland,_Texas" title="Uhland, Texas">Uhland</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wimberley,_Texas" title="Wimberley, Texas">Wimberley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodcreek,_Texas" title="Woodcreek, Texas">Woodcreek</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Map_of_Texas_highlighting_Hays_County.svg/100px-Map_of_Texas_highlighting_Hays_County.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Map_of_Texas_highlighting_Hays_County.svg/150px-Map_of_Texas_highlighting_Hays_County.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Map_of_Texas_highlighting_Hays_County.svg/200px-Map_of_Texas_highlighting_Hays_County.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1386" data-file-height="1317" /><figcaption>Hays County map</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Village_(Texas)" class="mw-redirect" title="Village (Texas)">Village</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bear_Creek,_Texas" title="Bear Creek, Texas">Bear Creek</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Census-designated_place" title="Census-designated place">CDPs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belterra,_Texas" title="Belterra, Texas">Belterra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Driftwood,_Texas" title="Driftwood, Texas">Driftwood</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Ghost_town" title="Ghost town">Ghost town</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Goforth,_Texas" title="Goforth, Texas">Goforth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;">Footnotes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3" style="color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Texas_(state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Texas (state)">Texas portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Municipalities_and_communities_of_Williamson_County,_Texas,_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Williamson_County,_Texas" title="Template:Williamson County, Texas"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Williamson_County,_Texas" title="Template talk:Williamson County, Texas"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Williamson_County,_Texas" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Williamson County, Texas"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Municipalities_and_communities_of_Williamson_County,_Texas,_United_States" class="adr" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Municipalities and communities of <a href="/wiki/Williamson_County,_Texas" title="Williamson County, Texas">Williamson County, Texas</a>, United States</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="color:inherit;"><div><a href="/wiki/County_seat" title="County seat">County seat</a>: <a href="/wiki/Georgetown,_Texas" title="Georgetown, Texas">Georgetown</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/City" title="City">Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Austin</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bartlett,_Texas" title="Bartlett, Texas">Bartlett</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cedar_Park,_Texas" title="Cedar Park, Texas">Cedar Park</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coupland,_Texas" title="Coupland, Texas">Coupland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florence,_Texas" title="Florence, Texas">Florence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgetown,_Texas" title="Georgetown, Texas">Georgetown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granger,_Texas" title="Granger, Texas">Granger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hutto,_Texas" title="Hutto, Texas">Hutto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jarrell,_Texas" title="Jarrell, Texas">Jarrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leander,_Texas" title="Leander, Texas">Leander</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Hill,_Texas" title="Liberty Hill, Texas">Liberty Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pflugerville,_Texas" title="Pflugerville, Texas">Pflugerville</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Round_Rock,_Texas" title="Round Rock, Texas">Round Rock</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taylor,_Texas" title="Taylor, Texas">Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thorndale,_Texas" title="Thorndale, Texas">Thorndale</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrall,_Texas" title="Thrall, Texas">Thrall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weir,_Texas" title="Weir, Texas">Weir</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Map_of_Texas_highlighting_Williamson_County.svg/100px-Map_of_Texas_highlighting_Williamson_County.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Map_of_Texas_highlighting_Williamson_County.svg/150px-Map_of_Texas_highlighting_Williamson_County.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Map_of_Texas_highlighting_Williamson_County.svg/200px-Map_of_Texas_highlighting_Williamson_County.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1386" data-file-height="1317" /><figcaption>Williamson County map</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Census-designated_place" title="Census-designated place">CDPs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brushy_Creek,_Williamson_County,_Texas" title="Brushy Creek, Williamson County, Texas">Brushy Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jollyville,_Texas" title="Jollyville, Texas">Jollyville</a>‡ (former)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Rita_Ranch,_Texas" title="Santa Rita Ranch, Texas">Santa Rita Ranch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serenada,_Texas" title="Serenada, Texas">Serenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonterra,_Texas" title="Sonterra, Texas">Sonterra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Unincorporated_area#United_States" title="Unincorporated area">Other communities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hare,_Texas" title="Hare, Texas">Hare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonah,_Texas" title="Jonah, Texas">Jonah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonia,_Williamson_County,_Texas" title="Macedonia, Williamson County, Texas">Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman%27s_Crossing,_Texas" title="Norman's Crossing, Texas">Norman's Crossing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rice%27s_Crossing,_Texas" title="Rice's Crossing, Texas">Rice's Crossing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schwertner,_Texas" title="Schwertner, Texas">Schwertner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walburg,_Texas" title="Walburg, Texas">Walburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterloo,_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="Waterloo, Texas">Waterloo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Ghost_town" title="Ghost town">Ghost town</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palm_Valley,_Williamson_County,_Texas" title="Palm Valley, Williamson County, Texas">Palm Valley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;">Footnotes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3" style="color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Texas_(state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Texas (state)">Texas portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Capitals_of_the_United_States_by_jurisdiction" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks plainlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_state_capitals" title="Template:US state capitals"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:US_state_capitals" title="Template talk:US state capitals"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_state_capitals" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US state capitals"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Capitals_of_the_United_States_by_jurisdiction" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_capitals_in_the_United_States" title="List of capitals in the United States">Capitals of the United States by jurisdiction</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 12em;"> Nation: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">US</a> <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a></li></ul> States: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alabama" title="Alabama">AL</a> <a href="/wiki/Montgomery,_Alabama" title="Montgomery, Alabama">Montgomery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">AK</a> <a href="/wiki/Juneau,_Alaska" title="Juneau, Alaska">Juneau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">AZ</a> <a href="/wiki/Phoenix,_Arizona" title="Phoenix, Arizona">Phoenix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas">AR</a> <a href="/wiki/Little_Rock,_Arkansas" title="Little Rock, Arkansas">Little Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California" title="California">CA</a> <a href="/wiki/Sacramento,_California" title="Sacramento, California">Sacramento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">CO</a> <a href="/wiki/Denver" title="Denver">Denver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">CT</a> <a href="/wiki/Hartford,_Connecticut" title="Hartford, Connecticut">Hartford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delaware" title="Delaware">DE</a> <a href="/wiki/Dover,_Delaware" title="Dover, Delaware">Dover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">FL</a> <a href="/wiki/Tallahassee,_Florida" title="Tallahassee, Florida">Tallahassee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">GA</a> <a href="/wiki/Atlanta" title="Atlanta">Atlanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">HI</a> <a href="/wiki/Honolulu" title="Honolulu">Honolulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idaho" title="Idaho">ID</a> <a href="/wiki/Boise,_Idaho" title="Boise, Idaho">Boise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">IL</a> <a href="/wiki/Springfield,_Illinois" title="Springfield, Illinois">Springfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">IN</a> <a href="/wiki/Indianapolis" title="Indianapolis">Indianapolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iowa" title="Iowa">IA</a> <a href="/wiki/Des_Moines,_Iowa" title="Des Moines, Iowa">Des Moines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas">KS</a> <a href="/wiki/Topeka,_Kansas" title="Topeka, Kansas">Topeka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">KY</a> <a href="/wiki/Frankfort,_Kentucky" title="Frankfort, Kentucky">Frankfort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">LA</a> <a href="/wiki/Baton_Rouge,_Louisiana" title="Baton Rouge, Louisiana">Baton Rouge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maine" title="Maine">ME</a> <a href="/wiki/Augusta,_Maine" title="Augusta, Maine">Augusta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">MD</a> <a href="/wiki/Annapolis,_Maryland" title="Annapolis, Maryland">Annapolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">MA</a> <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">MI</a> <a href="/wiki/Lansing,_Michigan" title="Lansing, Michigan">Lansing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">MN</a> <a href="/wiki/Saint_Paul,_Minnesota" title="Saint Paul, Minnesota">Saint Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">MS</a> <a href="/wiki/Jackson,_Mississippi" title="Jackson, Mississippi">Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">MO</a> <a href="/wiki/Jefferson_City,_Missouri" title="Jefferson City, Missouri">Jefferson City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montana" title="Montana">MT</a> <a href="/wiki/Helena,_Montana" title="Helena, Montana">Helena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebraska" title="Nebraska">NE</a> <a href="/wiki/Lincoln,_Nebraska" title="Lincoln, Nebraska">Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevada" title="Nevada">NV</a> <a href="/wiki/Carson_City,_Nevada" title="Carson City, Nevada">Carson City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire" title="New Hampshire">NH</a> <a href="/wiki/Concord,_New_Hampshire" title="Concord, New Hampshire">Concord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">NJ</a> <a href="/wiki/Trenton,_New_Jersey" title="Trenton, New Jersey">Trenton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">NM</a> <a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe,_New_Mexico" title="Santa Fe, New Mexico">Santa Fe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">NY</a> <a href="/wiki/Albany,_New_York" title="Albany, New York">Albany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">NC</a> <a href="/wiki/Raleigh,_North_Carolina" title="Raleigh, North Carolina">Raleigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Dakota" title="North Dakota">ND</a> <a href="/wiki/Bismarck,_North_Dakota" title="Bismarck, North Dakota">Bismarck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">OH</a> <a href="/wiki/Columbus,_Ohio" title="Columbus, Ohio">Columbus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma">OK</a> <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_City" title="Oklahoma City">Oklahoma City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon">OR</a> <a href="/wiki/Salem,_Oregon" title="Salem, Oregon">Salem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">PA</a> <a href="/wiki/Harrisburg,_Pennsylvania" title="Harrisburg, Pennsylvania">Harrisburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island" title="Rhode Island">RI</a> <a href="/wiki/Providence,_Rhode_Island" title="Providence, Rhode Island">Providence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">SC</a> <a href="/wiki/Columbia,_South_Carolina" title="Columbia, South Carolina">Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Dakota" title="South Dakota">SD</a> <a href="/wiki/Pierre,_South_Dakota" title="Pierre, South Dakota">Pierre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">TN</a> <a href="/wiki/Nashville,_Tennessee" title="Nashville, Tennessee">Nashville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">TX</a> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Austin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utah" title="Utah">UT</a> <a href="/wiki/Salt_Lake_City" title="Salt Lake City">Salt Lake City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont">VT</a> <a href="/wiki/Montpelier,_Vermont" title="Montpelier, Vermont">Montpelier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">VA</a> <a href="/wiki/Richmond,_Virginia" title="Richmond, Virginia">Richmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">WA</a> <a href="/wiki/Olympia,_Washington" title="Olympia, Washington">Olympia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Virginia" title="West Virginia">WV</a> <a href="/wiki/Charleston,_West_Virginia" title="Charleston, West Virginia">Charleston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">WI</a> <a href="/wiki/Madison,_Wisconsin" title="Madison, Wisconsin">Madison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyoming" title="Wyoming">WY</a> <a href="/wiki/Cheyenne,_Wyoming" title="Cheyenne, Wyoming">Cheyenne</a></li></ul> Territories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Samoa" title="American Samoa">AS</a> <a href="/wiki/Pago_Pago" class="mw-redirect" title="Pago Pago">Pago Pago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">GU</a> <a href="/wiki/Hag%C3%A5t%C3%B1a,_Guam" title="Hagåtña, Guam">Hagåtña</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Northern Mariana Islands">MP</a> <a href="/wiki/Saipan" class="mw-redirect" title="Saipan">Saipan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">PR</a> <a href="/wiki/San_Juan,_Puerto_Rico" title="San Juan, Puerto Rico">San Juan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="United States Virgin Islands">VI</a> <a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Amalie,_U.S._Virgin_Islands" title="Charlotte Amalie, U.S. Virgin Islands">Charlotte Amalie</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="County_seats_of_Texas" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Texas_county_seats" title="Template:Texas county seats"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Texas_county_seats" title="Template talk:Texas county seats"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Texas_county_seats" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Texas county seats"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="County_seats_of_Texas" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/County_seat" title="County seat">County seats</a> of <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">A</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abilene,_Texas" title="Abilene, Texas">Abilene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albany,_Texas" title="Albany, Texas">Albany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice,_Texas" title="Alice, Texas">Alice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpine,_Texas" title="Alpine, Texas">Alpine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amarillo,_Texas" title="Amarillo, Texas">Amarillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anahuac,_Texas" title="Anahuac, Texas">Anahuac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anderson,_Texas" title="Anderson, Texas">Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrews,_Texas" title="Andrews, Texas">Andrews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angleton,_Texas" title="Angleton, Texas">Angleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anson,_Texas" title="Anson, Texas">Anson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archer_City,_Texas" title="Archer City, Texas">Archer City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aspermont,_Texas" title="Aspermont, Texas">Aspermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athens,_Texas" title="Athens, Texas">Athens</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Austin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">B</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baird,_Texas" title="Baird, Texas">Baird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballinger,_Texas" title="Ballinger, Texas">Ballinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandera,_Texas" title="Bandera, Texas">Bandera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bastrop,_Texas" title="Bastrop, Texas">Bastrop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_City,_Texas" title="Bay City, Texas">Bay City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaumont,_Texas" title="Beaumont, Texas">Beaumont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beeville,_Texas" title="Beeville, Texas">Beeville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bellville,_Texas" title="Bellville, Texas">Bellville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belton,_Texas" title="Belton, Texas">Belton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin,_Texas" title="Benjamin, Texas">Benjamin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Lake,_Texas" title="Big Lake, Texas">Big Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Spring,_Texas" title="Big Spring, Texas">Big Spring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boerne,_Texas" title="Boerne, Texas">Boerne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonham,_Texas" title="Bonham, Texas">Bonham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston,_Texas" title="Boston, Texas">Boston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brackettville,_Texas" title="Brackettville, Texas">Brackettville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brady,_Texas" title="Brady, Texas">Brady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breckenridge,_Texas" title="Breckenridge, Texas">Breckenridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brenham,_Texas" title="Brenham, Texas">Brenham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brownfield,_Texas" title="Brownfield, Texas">Brownfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brownsville,_Texas" title="Brownsville, Texas">Brownsville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brownwood,_Texas" title="Brownwood, Texas">Brownwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryan,_Texas" title="Bryan, Texas">Bryan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burnet,_Texas" title="Burnet, Texas">Burnet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">C</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caldwell,_Texas" title="Caldwell, Texas">Caldwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameron,_Texas" title="Cameron, Texas">Cameron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian,_Texas" title="Canadian, Texas">Canadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton,_Texas" title="Canton, Texas">Canton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canyon,_Texas" title="Canyon, Texas">Canyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrizo_Springs,_Texas" title="Carrizo Springs, Texas">Carrizo Springs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carthage,_Texas" title="Carthage, Texas">Carthage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center,_Texas" title="Center, Texas">Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centerville,_Texas" title="Centerville, Texas">Centerville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channing,_Texas" title="Channing, Texas">Channing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Childress,_Texas" title="Childress, Texas">Childress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarendon,_Texas" title="Clarendon, Texas">Clarendon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarksville,_Texas" title="Clarksville, Texas">Clarksville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude,_Texas" title="Claude, Texas">Claude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleburne,_Texas" title="Cleburne, Texas">Cleburne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coldspring,_Texas" title="Coldspring, Texas">Coldspring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coleman,_Texas" title="Coleman, Texas">Coleman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_City,_Texas" title="Colorado City, Texas">Colorado City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbus,_Texas" title="Columbus, Texas">Columbus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comanche,_Texas" title="Comanche, Texas">Comanche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conroe,_Texas" title="Conroe, Texas">Conroe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooper,_Texas" title="Cooper, Texas">Cooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corpus_Christi,_Texas" title="Corpus Christi, Texas">Corpus Christi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corsicana,_Texas" title="Corsicana, Texas">Corsicana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cotulla,_Texas" title="Cotulla, Texas">Cotulla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crane,_Texas" title="Crane, Texas">Crane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crockett,_Texas" title="Crockett, Texas">Crockett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crosbyton,_Texas" title="Crosbyton, Texas">Crosbyton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crowell,_Texas" title="Crowell, Texas">Crowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crystal_City,_Texas" title="Crystal City, Texas">Crystal City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuero,_Texas" title="Cuero, Texas">Cuero</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">D</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daingerfield,_Texas" title="Daingerfield, Texas">Daingerfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalhart,_Texas" title="Dalhart, Texas">Dalhart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dallas" title="Dallas">Dallas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decatur,_Texas" title="Decatur, Texas">Decatur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Del_Rio,_Texas" title="Del Rio, Texas">Del Rio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denton,_Texas" title="Denton, Texas">Denton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dickens,_Texas" title="Dickens, Texas">Dickens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimmitt,_Texas" title="Dimmitt, Texas">Dimmitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dumas,_Texas" title="Dumas, Texas">Dumas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">E</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eagle_Pass,_Texas" title="Eagle Pass, Texas">Eagle Pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastland,_Texas" title="Eastland, Texas">Eastland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburg,_Texas" title="Edinburg, Texas">Edinburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edna,_Texas" title="Edna, Texas">Edna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Paso,_Texas" title="El Paso, Texas">El Paso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eldorado,_Texas" title="Eldorado, Texas">Eldorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emory,_Texas" title="Emory, Texas">Emory</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">F</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fairfield,_Texas" title="Fairfield, Texas">Fairfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falfurrias,_Texas" title="Falfurrias, Texas">Falfurrias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farwell,_Texas" title="Farwell, Texas">Farwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floresville,_Texas" title="Floresville, Texas">Floresville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floydada,_Texas" title="Floydada, Texas">Floydada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Davis,_Texas" title="Fort Davis, Texas">Fort Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Stockton,_Texas" title="Fort Stockton, Texas">Fort Stockton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Worth,_Texas" title="Fort Worth, Texas">Fort Worth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin,_Texas" title="Franklin, Texas">Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fredericksburg,_Texas" title="Fredericksburg, Texas">Fredericksburg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">G</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gail,_Texas" title="Gail, Texas">Gail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gainesville,_Texas" title="Gainesville, Texas">Gainesville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galveston,_Texas" title="Galveston, Texas">Galveston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garden_City,_Texas" title="Garden City, Texas">Garden City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gatesville,_Texas" title="Gatesville, Texas">Gatesville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_West,_Texas" title="George West, Texas">George West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgetown,_Texas" title="Georgetown, Texas">Georgetown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giddings,_Texas" title="Giddings, Texas">Giddings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilmer,_Texas" title="Gilmer, Texas">Gilmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glen_Rose,_Texas" title="Glen Rose, Texas">Glen Rose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goldthwaite,_Texas" title="Goldthwaite, Texas">Goldthwaite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goliad,_Texas" title="Goliad, Texas">Goliad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gonzales,_Texas" title="Gonzales, Texas">Gonzales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graham,_Texas" title="Graham, Texas">Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granbury,_Texas" title="Granbury, Texas">Granbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenville,_Texas" title="Greenville, Texas">Greenville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groesbeck,_Texas" title="Groesbeck, Texas">Groesbeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groveton,_Texas" title="Groveton, Texas">Groveton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guthrie,_Texas" title="Guthrie, Texas">Guthrie</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">H</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hallettsville,_Texas" title="Hallettsville, Texas">Hallettsville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton,_Texas" title="Hamilton, Texas">Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haskell,_Texas" title="Haskell, Texas">Haskell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebbronville,_Texas" title="Hebbronville, Texas">Hebbronville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemphill,_Texas" title="Hemphill, Texas">Hemphill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hempstead,_Texas" title="Hempstead, Texas">Hempstead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henderson,_Texas" title="Henderson, Texas">Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henrietta,_Texas" title="Henrietta, Texas">Henrietta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hereford,_Texas" title="Hereford, Texas">Hereford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillsboro,_Texas" title="Hillsboro, Texas">Hillsboro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hondo,_Texas" title="Hondo, Texas">Hondo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houston" title="Houston">Houston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huntsville,_Texas" title="Huntsville, Texas">Huntsville</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">J</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jacksboro,_Texas" title="Jacksboro, Texas">Jacksboro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jasper,_Texas" title="Jasper, Texas">Jasper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayton,_Texas" title="Jayton, Texas">Jayton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jefferson,_Texas" title="Jefferson, Texas">Jefferson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnson_City,_Texas" title="Johnson City, Texas">Johnson City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jourdanton,_Texas" title="Jourdanton, Texas">Jourdanton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junction,_Texas" title="Junction, Texas">Junction</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">K</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karnes_City,_Texas" title="Karnes City, Texas">Karnes City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaufman,_Texas" title="Kaufman, Texas">Kaufman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kermit,_Texas" title="Kermit, Texas">Kermit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerrville,_Texas" title="Kerrville, Texas">Kerrville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingsville,_Texas" title="Kingsville, Texas">Kingsville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kountze,_Texas" title="Kountze, Texas">Kountze</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">L</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/La_Grange,_Texas" title="La Grange, Texas">La Grange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamesa,_Texas" title="Lamesa, Texas">Lamesa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lampasas,_Texas" title="Lampasas, Texas">Lampasas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laredo,_Texas" title="Laredo, Texas">Laredo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leakey,_Texas" title="Leakey, Texas">Leakey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levelland,_Texas" title="Levelland, Texas">Levelland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty,_Texas" title="Liberty, Texas">Liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linden,_Texas" title="Linden, Texas">Linden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lipscomb,_Texas" title="Lipscomb, Texas">Lipscomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Littlefield,_Texas" title="Littlefield, Texas">Littlefield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livingston,_Texas" title="Livingston, Texas">Livingston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llano,_Texas" title="Llano, Texas">Llano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockhart,_Texas" title="Lockhart, Texas">Lockhart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longview,_Texas" title="Longview, Texas">Longview</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lubbock,_Texas" title="Lubbock, Texas">Lubbock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lufkin,_Texas" title="Lufkin, Texas">Lufkin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">M</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Madisonville,_Texas" title="Madisonville, Texas">Madisonville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marfa,_Texas" title="Marfa, Texas">Marfa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marlin,_Texas" title="Marlin, Texas">Marlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshall,_Texas" title="Marshall, Texas">Marshall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mason,_Texas" title="Mason, Texas">Mason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matador,_Texas" title="Matador, Texas">Matador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McKinney,_Texas" title="McKinney, Texas">McKinney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memphis,_Texas" title="Memphis, Texas">Memphis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menard,_Texas" title="Menard, Texas">Menard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mentone,_Texas" title="Mentone, Texas">Mentone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meridian,_Texas" title="Meridian, Texas">Meridian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mertzon,_Texas" title="Mertzon, Texas">Mertzon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miami,_Texas" title="Miami, Texas">Miami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midland,_Texas" title="Midland, Texas">Midland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monahans,_Texas" title="Monahans, Texas">Monahans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montague,_Texas" title="Montague, Texas">Montague</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morton,_Texas" title="Morton, Texas">Morton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Pleasant,_Texas" title="Mount Pleasant, Texas">Mount Pleasant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Vernon,_Texas" title="Mount Vernon, Texas">Mount Vernon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muleshoe,_Texas" title="Muleshoe, Texas">Muleshoe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">N</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nacogdoches,_Texas" title="Nacogdoches, Texas">Nacogdoches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Braunfels,_Texas" title="New Braunfels, Texas">New Braunfels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newton,_Texas" title="Newton, Texas">Newton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">O</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Odessa,_Texas" title="Odessa, Texas">Odessa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange,_Texas" title="Orange, Texas">Orange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ozona,_Texas" title="Ozona, Texas">Ozona</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">P</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paducah,_Texas" title="Paducah, Texas">Paducah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paint_Rock,_Texas" title="Paint Rock, Texas">Paint Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine,_Texas" title="Palestine, Texas">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palo_Pinto,_Texas" title="Palo Pinto, Texas">Palo Pinto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pampa,_Texas" title="Pampa, Texas">Pampa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panhandle,_Texas" title="Panhandle, Texas">Panhandle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris,_Texas" title="Paris, Texas">Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pearsall,_Texas" title="Pearsall, Texas">Pearsall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pecos,_Texas" title="Pecos, Texas">Pecos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perryton,_Texas" title="Perryton, Texas">Perryton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pittsburg,_Texas" title="Pittsburg, Texas">Pittsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plains,_Texas" title="Plains, Texas">Plains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plainview,_Texas" title="Plainview, Texas">Plainview</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Lavaca,_Texas" title="Port Lavaca, Texas">Port Lavaca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post,_Texas" title="Post, Texas">Post</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Q</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quanah,_Texas" title="Quanah, Texas">Quanah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quitman,_Texas" title="Quitman, Texas">Quitman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">R</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rankin,_Texas" title="Rankin, Texas">Rankin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymondville,_Texas" title="Raymondville, Texas">Raymondville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refugio,_Texas" title="Refugio, Texas">Refugio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richmond,_Texas" title="Richmond, Texas">Richmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande_City,_Texas" title="Rio Grande City, Texas">Rio Grande City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Lee,_Texas" title="Robert Lee, Texas">Robert Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roby,_Texas" title="Roby, Texas">Roby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockport,_Texas" title="Rockport, Texas">Rockport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocksprings,_Texas" title="Rocksprings, Texas">Rocksprings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockwall,_Texas" title="Rockwall, Texas">Rockwall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rusk,_Texas" title="Rusk, Texas">Rusk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">S</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/San_Angelo,_Texas" title="San Angelo, Texas">San Angelo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Antonio" title="San Antonio">San Antonio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Augustine,_Texas" title="San Augustine, Texas">San Augustine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Diego,_Texas" title="San Diego, Texas">San Diego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Marcos,_Texas" title="San Marcos, Texas">San Marcos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Saba,_Texas" title="San Saba, Texas">San Saba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanderson,_Texas" title="Sanderson, Texas">Sanderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarita,_Texas" title="Sarita, Texas">Sarita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seguin,_Texas" title="Seguin, Texas">Seguin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seminole,_Texas" title="Seminole, Texas">Seminole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seymour,_Texas" title="Seymour, Texas">Seymour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherman,_Texas" title="Sherman, Texas">Sherman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Blanca,_Texas" title="Sierra Blanca, Texas">Sierra Blanca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silverton,_Texas" title="Silverton, Texas">Silverton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinton,_Texas" title="Sinton, Texas">Sinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snyder,_Texas" title="Snyder, Texas">Snyder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonora,_Texas" title="Sonora, Texas">Sonora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spearman,_Texas" title="Spearman, Texas">Spearman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanton,_Texas" title="Stanton, Texas">Stanton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephenville,_Texas" title="Stephenville, Texas">Stephenville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sterling_City,_Texas" title="Sterling City, Texas">Sterling City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stinnett,_Texas" title="Stinnett, Texas">Stinnett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stratford,_Texas" title="Stratford, Texas">Stratford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulphur_Springs,_Texas" title="Sulphur Springs, Texas">Sulphur Springs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweetwater,_Texas" title="Sweetwater, Texas">Sweetwater</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">T</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tahoka,_Texas" title="Tahoka, Texas">Tahoka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Throckmorton,_Texas" title="Throckmorton, Texas">Throckmorton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tilden,_Texas" title="Tilden, Texas">Tilden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulia,_Texas" title="Tulia, Texas">Tulia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyler,_Texas" title="Tyler, Texas">Tyler</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">U</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uvalde,_Texas" title="Uvalde, Texas">Uvalde</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">V</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Van_Horn,_Texas" title="Van Horn, Texas">Van Horn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vega,_Texas" title="Vega, Texas">Vega</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vernon,_Texas" title="Vernon, Texas">Vernon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria,_Texas" title="Victoria, Texas">Victoria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">W</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Waco,_Texas" title="Waco, Texas">Waco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waxahachie,_Texas" title="Waxahachie, Texas">Waxahachie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weatherford,_Texas" title="Weatherford, Texas">Weatherford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wellington,_Texas" title="Wellington, Texas">Wellington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wharton,_Texas" title="Wharton, Texas">Wharton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheeler,_Texas" title="Wheeler, Texas">Wheeler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wichita_Falls,_Texas" title="Wichita Falls, Texas">Wichita Falls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodville,_Texas" title="Woodville, Texas">Woodville</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Z</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zapata,_Texas" title="Zapata, Texas">Zapata</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="The_100_most_populous_cities_of_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:USPopulousCities" title="Template:USPopulousCities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:USPopulousCities" title="Template talk:USPopulousCities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:USPopulousCities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:USPopulousCities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="The_100_most_populous_cities_of_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">The <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_cities_by_population" title="List of United States cities by population">100 most populous cities</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:5em;">   </td><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;width:25%;"><div> <ol> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York, New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago, Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houston" title="Houston">Houston, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenix,_Arizona" title="Phoenix, Arizona">Phoenix, Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia, Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Antonio" title="San Antonio">San Antonio, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dallas" title="Dallas">Dallas, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego">San Diego, California</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Austin, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacksonville,_Florida" title="Jacksonville, Florida">Jacksonville, Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Jose,_California" title="San Jose, California">San Jose, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Worth,_Texas" title="Fort Worth, Texas">Fort Worth, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbus,_Ohio" title="Columbus, Ohio">Columbus, Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte,_North_Carolina" title="Charlotte, North Carolina">Charlotte, North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indianapolis" title="Indianapolis">Indianapolis, Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seattle" title="Seattle">Seattle, Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denver" title="Denver">Denver, Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_City" title="Oklahoma City">Oklahoma City, Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nashville,_Tennessee" title="Nashville, Tennessee">Nashville, Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Paso,_Texas" title="El Paso, Texas">El Paso, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas" title="Las Vegas">Las Vegas, Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston, Massachusetts</a></li> </ol> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:25%;"><div> <ol start="26"> <li><a href="/wiki/Portland,_Oregon" title="Portland, Oregon">Portland, Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisville,_Kentucky" title="Louisville, Kentucky">Louisville, Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memphis,_Tennessee" title="Memphis, Tennessee">Memphis, Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit">Detroit, Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">Baltimore, Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milwaukee" title="Milwaukee">Milwaukee, Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albuquerque,_New_Mexico" title="Albuquerque, New Mexico">Albuquerque, New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tucson,_Arizona" title="Tucson, Arizona">Tucson, Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fresno,_California" title="Fresno, California">Fresno, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacramento,_California" title="Sacramento, California">Sacramento, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesa,_Arizona" title="Mesa, Arizona">Mesa, Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas_City,_Missouri" title="Kansas City, Missouri">Kansas City, Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlanta" title="Atlanta">Atlanta, Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_Springs,_Colorado" title="Colorado Springs, Colorado">Colorado Springs, Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omaha,_Nebraska" title="Omaha, Nebraska">Omaha, Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raleigh,_North_Carolina" title="Raleigh, North Carolina">Raleigh, North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Beach,_Virginia" title="Virginia Beach, Virginia">Virginia Beach, Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Beach,_California" title="Long Beach, California">Long Beach, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miami" title="Miami">Miami, Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oakland,_California" title="Oakland, California">Oakland, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minneapolis" title="Minneapolis">Minneapolis, Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulsa,_Oklahoma" title="Tulsa, Oklahoma">Tulsa, Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakersfield,_California" title="Bakersfield, California">Bakersfield, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tampa,_Florida" title="Tampa, Florida">Tampa, Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wichita,_Kansas" title="Wichita, Kansas">Wichita, Kansas</a></li> </ol> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:25%;"><div> <ol start="51"> <li><a href="/wiki/Arlington,_Texas" title="Arlington, Texas">Arlington, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurora,_Colorado" title="Aurora, Colorado">Aurora, Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Orleans" title="New Orleans">New Orleans, Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleveland" title="Cleveland">Cleveland, Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anaheim,_California" title="Anaheim, California">Anaheim, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honolulu" title="Honolulu">Honolulu, Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henderson,_Nevada" title="Henderson, Nevada">Henderson, Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stockton,_California" title="Stockton, California">Stockton, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riverside,_California" title="Riverside, California">Riverside, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lexington,_Kentucky" title="Lexington, Kentucky">Lexington, Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corpus_Christi,_Texas" title="Corpus Christi, Texas">Corpus Christi, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orlando,_Florida" title="Orlando, Florida">Orlando, Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irvine,_California" title="Irvine, California">Irvine, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cincinnati" title="Cincinnati">Cincinnati, Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Ana,_California" title="Santa Ana, California">Santa Ana, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newark,_New_Jersey" title="Newark, New Jersey">Newark, New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Paul,_Minnesota" title="Saint Paul, Minnesota">Saint Paul, Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh" title="Pittsburgh">Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greensboro,_North_Carolina" title="Greensboro, North Carolina">Greensboro, North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln,_Nebraska" title="Lincoln, Nebraska">Lincoln, Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durham,_North_Carolina" title="Durham, North Carolina">Durham, North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plano,_Texas" title="Plano, Texas">Plano, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anchorage,_Alaska" title="Anchorage, Alaska">Anchorage, Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_City,_New_Jersey" title="Jersey City, New Jersey">Jersey City, New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Louis" title="St. Louis">St. Louis, Missouri</a></li> </ol> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:25%;"><div> <ol start="76"> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandler,_Arizona" title="Chandler, Arizona">Chandler, Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Las_Vegas,_Nevada" title="North Las Vegas, Nevada">North Las Vegas, Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chula_Vista,_California" title="Chula Vista, California">Chula Vista, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo,_New_York" title="Buffalo, New York">Buffalo, New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert,_Arizona" title="Gilbert, Arizona">Gilbert, Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reno,_Nevada" title="Reno, Nevada">Reno, Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madison,_Wisconsin" title="Madison, Wisconsin">Madison, Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Wayne,_Indiana" title="Fort Wayne, Indiana">Fort Wayne, Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toledo,_Ohio" title="Toledo, Ohio">Toledo, Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lubbock,_Texas" title="Lubbock, Texas">Lubbock, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Petersburg,_Florida" title="St. Petersburg, Florida">St. Petersburg, Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laredo,_Texas" title="Laredo, Texas">Laredo, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irving,_Texas" title="Irving, Texas">Irving, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chesapeake,_Virginia" title="Chesapeake, Virginia">Chesapeake, Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glendale,_Arizona" title="Glendale, Arizona">Glendale, Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winston-Salem,_North_Carolina" title="Winston-Salem, North Carolina">Winston-Salem, North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottsdale,_Arizona" title="Scottsdale, Arizona">Scottsdale, Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garland,_Texas" title="Garland, Texas">Garland, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boise,_Idaho" title="Boise, Idaho">Boise, Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norfolk,_Virginia" title="Norfolk, Virginia">Norfolk, Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_St._Lucie,_Florida" title="Port St. Lucie, Florida">Port St. Lucie, Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spokane,_Washington" title="Spokane, Washington">Spokane, Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richmond,_Virginia" title="Richmond, Virginia">Richmond, Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fremont,_California" title="Fremont, California">Fremont, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huntsville,_Alabama" title="Huntsville, Alabama">Huntsville, Alabama</a></li> </ol> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Cities ranked by <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a> population estimates for July 1, 2022.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16559#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16559#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16559#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/267256486">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1204313/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJcRb4pf9t9BxpfttVcF8C">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4079879-3">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79007290">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb122064757">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb122064757">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an36573601">Australia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=xx0028800&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX5075184">Spain</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAB202014603">Korea</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007552530805171">Israel</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/58d2816b-daf9-4fc5-962c-06967f14a5e5">MusicBrainz area</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/196941326">IdRef</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/069702829">2</a></li></ul></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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