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class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Snooker</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Snooker-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Speciality" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Speciality"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Speciality</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Speciality-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shaft" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shaft"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Shaft</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Shaft-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Shaft subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Shaft-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tip" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tip"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Tip</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tip-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ferrule" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ferrule"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Ferrule</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ferrule-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Joint" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Joint"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Joint</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Joint-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Butt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Butt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Butt</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Butt-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Butt subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Butt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bumper" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bumper"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Bumper</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bumper-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Materials_and_design" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Materials_and_design"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Materials and design</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Materials_and_design-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Materials and design subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Materials_and_design-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notable_makers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_makers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Notable makers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_makers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button 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Available in 25 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-25" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">25 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Билярдна щека – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Билярдна щека" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilijarski_%C5%A1tap" title="Bilijarski štap – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Bilijarski štap" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Кий – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Кий" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billardk%C3%B8" title="Billardkø – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Billardkø" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queue_(Billard)" title="Queue (Billard) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Queue (Billard)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taco_(billar)" title="Taco (billar) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Taco (billar)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D9%88%D8%A8_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF" title="چوب بیلیارد – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="چوب بیلیارد" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queue_(billard)" title="Queue (billard) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Queue (billard)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taco_de_billar" title="Taco de billar – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Taco de billar" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%81%90%EB%8C%80" title="큐대 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="큐대" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stecca_da_biliardo" title="Stecca da biliardo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Stecca da biliardo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kija" title="Kija – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A1k%C3%B3_(sporteszk%C3%B6z)" title="Dákó (sporteszköz) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Dákó (sporteszköz)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keu_(biljart)" title="Keu (biljart) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Keu (biljart)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AD%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC_(%E3%83%93%E3%83%AA%E3%83%A4%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89)" title="キュー (ビリヤード) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="キュー (ビリヤード)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taco_de_bilhar" title="Taco de bilhar – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Taco de bilhar" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B9_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%B4)" title="Кий (бильярд) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кий (бильярд)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cue_stick" title="Cue stick – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Cue stick" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A1go" title="Tágo – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Tágo" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6%C3%B6" title="Köö – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Köö" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biljardk%C3%B6" title="Biljardkö – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Biljardkö" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7" title="ไม้คิว – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ไม้คิว" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Кий – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кий" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AA%AF%E6%B3%A2%E6%A3%8D" title="檯波棍 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="檯波棍" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%92%9E%E7%90%83%E6%A1%BF" title="撞球桿 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="撞球桿" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">A typically wooden shaft used for playing cue sports</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:EVD-billar-378.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/EVD-billar-378.jpg/240px-EVD-billar-378.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/EVD-billar-378.jpg/360px-EVD-billar-378.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/EVD-billar-378.jpg/480px-EVD-billar-378.jpg 2x" data-file-width="852" data-file-height="553" /></a><figcaption>A player using a cue stick to push a <a href="/wiki/Billiard_ball" title="Billiard ball">billiard ball</a> forward to move an <a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#object_ball" title="Glossary of cue sports terms">object ball</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cue_parts.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Cue_parts.jpg/160px-Cue_parts.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="502" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Cue_parts.jpg/240px-Cue_parts.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Cue_parts.jpg/320px-Cue_parts.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="1507" /></a><figcaption>A pool cue and its major parts.<sup id="cite_ref-Shamos_1999_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shamos_1999-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 71–72">: 71–72 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>cue stick</b> (or simply <b>cue</b>, more specifically <b>billiards cue</b>, <b>pool cue</b>, or <b>snooker cue</b>) is an item of <a href="/wiki/Sport" title="Sport">sporting</a> equipment essential to the games of <a href="/wiki/Pocket_billiards" class="mw-redirect" title="Pocket billiards">pool</a>, <a href="/wiki/Snooker" title="Snooker">snooker</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carom_billiards" title="Carom billiards">carom billiards</a>. It is used to strike a <a href="/wiki/Billiard_ball" title="Billiard ball">ball</a>, usually the <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#cue_ball" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § Cue ball" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">cue ball</span></a></dfn>. Cues are tapered sticks, typically about 57–59 inches (about 1.5 m) long and usually between 16 and 21 ounces (450–600 g), with professionals gravitating toward a 19-ounce (540 g) average. Cues for carom tend toward the shorter range, though cue length is primarily a factor of player height and arm length. Most cues are made of <a href="/wiki/Wood" title="Wood">wood</a>, but occasionally the wood is covered or bonded with other materials including graphite, <a href="/wiki/Carbon_fiber_reinforced_plastic" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbon fiber reinforced plastic">carbon fiber</a> or <a href="/wiki/Fiberglass" title="Fiberglass">fiberglass</a>. An obsolete term for a cue, used from the 16th to early 19th centuries, is <b>billiard stick</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-Everton_1986_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Everton_1986-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-OED_1989_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OED_1989-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cue_stick&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cue_and_mace.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Cue_and_mace.jpg/427px-Cue_and_mace.jpg" decoding="async" width="427" height="280" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Cue_and_mace.jpg/641px-Cue_and_mace.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1f/Cue_and_mace.jpg 2x" data-file-width="794" data-file-height="521" /></a><figcaption>Man playing billiards with cue and woman with mace, from an illustration in <a href="/wiki/Michael_Phelan_(billiards)" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael Phelan (billiards)">Michael Phelan</a>'s 1859 book, <i>The Game of Billiards</i></figcaption></figure> <p>The forerunner of the cue was the <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#mace" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § Mace" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">mace</span></a></dfn>, an implement similar to a light-weight <a href="/wiki/Golf_club_(equipment)" class="mw-redirect" title="Golf club (equipment)">golf club</a>, with a foot that was generally used to shove rather than strike the cue ball.<sup id="cite_ref-Everton_1986_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Everton_1986-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the ball was <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#frozen" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § Frozen" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">frozen</span></a></dfn> against a <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#cushion" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § Cushion" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">rail cushion</span></a></dfn>, use of the mace was difficult (the foot would not fit under the edge of the cushion to strike the ball squarely), and by 1670 experienced players often used the tail or butt end of the mace instead.<sup id="cite_ref-Everton_1986_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Everton_1986-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term "cue" comes from <i>queue</i>, the <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a> word for "tail", in reference to this practice,<sup id="cite_ref-Everton_1986_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Everton_1986-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a style of shooting that eventually led to the development of separate, footless cue sticks by about 1800, used initially as adjuncts to the mace,<sup id="cite_ref-Everton_1986_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Everton_1986-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which remained in use until well into the 19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-Phelan_1859_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Phelan_1859-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In public <a href="/wiki/Billiard_hall" title="Billiard hall">billiard rooms</a> only skilled players were allowed to use the cue, because the fragile cloth could be torn by novices.<sup id="cite_ref-Everton_1986_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Everton_1986-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The introduction of the cue, and the new game possibilities it engendered, led to the development of cushions with more rebound, initially stuffed with linen or cotton flocking, but eventually replaced by rubber.<sup id="cite_ref-Everton_1986_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Everton_1986-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The idea of the cue initially was to try to strike the cue-ball as centrally as possible to avoid a <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#miscue" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § Miscue" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">miscue</span></a></dfn>.<sup id="cite_ref-Everton_1986_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Everton_1986-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The concept of <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#spin" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § Spin" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">spin</span></a></dfn> on the cue ball was discovered before cue-tips had been invented; e.g. striking the bottom of the cue ball to make it go backwards upon contact with an <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#object_ball" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § Object ball" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">object ball</span></a></dfn>.<sup id="cite_ref-Everton_1986_3-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Everton_1986-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Mingaud" title="François Mingaud">François Mingaud</a> was studying the game of billiards while being held in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> as a political prisoner, and experimented with a leather cue tip. In 1807, he was released and demonstrated his invention.<sup id="cite_ref-Everton_1986_3-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Everton_1986-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mingaud is also credited with the discovery that by raising the cue vertically, to the position adopted by the mace, he could perform what is now known as a <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#massé" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § Massé" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">massé</span></a></dfn> shot.<sup id="cite_ref-Everton_1986_3-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Everton_1986-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In pre-tip days, it was common for players to twist the ends of their cue into a <a href="/wiki/Plaster" title="Plaster">plaster</a> wall or ceiling so that a chalk-like deposit would form on the end to reduce the chance of a miscue, thus giving rise to the modern <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#chalk" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § chalk" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">billiard chalk</span></a></dfn>.<sup id="cite_ref-Everton_1986_3-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Everton_1986-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first systematic marketing of chalk was by John Carr, a marker in John Bartley's billiard rooms in <a href="/wiki/Bath,_Somerset" title="Bath, Somerset">Bath</a>. Between Carr and Bartley, it was discovered how "<dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#side" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § Side" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">side</span></a></dfn>" (<dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#sidespin" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § Sidespin" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">sidespin</span></a></dfn>) could be used to the advantage of players, and Carr began selling chalk in small boxes. He called it "twisting powder", and the magical impression this gave the public enabled him to sell it for a higher price than if they realized it was simply chalk in a small box.<sup id="cite_ref-Everton_1986_3-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Everton_1986-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "<dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#english" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § English" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">English</span></a></dfn>", an American term for sidespin, derives from the British discovery of sidespin's effects, as "massé" comes from the French word for "mace".<sup id="cite_ref-Everton_1986_3-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Everton_1986-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types">Types</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cue_stick&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pool and snooker cues average around 57–59 inches (140–150 cm) in length and are of three major types. The simplest type is a one-piece cue; these are generally stocked in pool halls for communal use. They have a uniform taper, meaning they decrease in diameter evenly from the end or butt to the tip. A second type is the two-piece cue, divided in the middle for ease of transport, usually in a cue case or pouch. A third variety is another two-piece cue, but with a joint located three-quarters down the cue (usually 12 or 16 inches away from the butt), known as a "three-quarter two-piece", used by snooker players. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pool">Pool</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cue_stick&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Pool"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A typical two piece cue for pocket billiards is usually made mostly of hard or <a href="/wiki/Rock_maple" class="mw-redirect" title="Rock maple">rock maple</a>, with a <a href="/wiki/Fiberglass" title="Fiberglass">fiberglass</a> or <a href="/wiki/Phenolic_resin" class="mw-redirect" title="Phenolic resin">phenolic resin</a> <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#ferrule" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § ferrule" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">ferrule</span></a></dfn>, usually 0.75 to 1 inch (19 to 25 mm) long, and steel <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#joint" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § Joint" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">joint</span></a></dfn> <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#collar" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § Collar" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">collars</span></a></dfn> and <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#pin" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § Pin" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">pin</span></a></dfn>. Pool cues average around 59 inches (150 cm) long, are commonly available in 17–21 ounces (0.48–0.60 kg) weights, with 19 ounces (0.54 kg) being the most common, and usually have a <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#cue_tip" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § Cue tip" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">tip</span></a></dfn> diameter in the range of 12 to 14 mm.<sup id="cite_ref-Kilby_2009_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kilby_2009-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A conical <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#taper" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § Taper" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">taper</span></a></dfn>, with the <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#shaft" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § Shaft" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">shaft</span></a></dfn> gradually shrinking in diameter from joint to ferrule, is favored by some, but the "pro" taper is increasingly popular, straight for most of the length of the shaft from ferrule back, flaring to joint diameter only in the last <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">4</span></span> to <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">3</span></span> of the shaft. While there are many custom cuemakers, a very large number of quality pool cues are manufactured in bulk. In recent years, modern materials such as fiberglass, <a href="/wiki/Carbon_fiber" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbon fiber">carbon fiber</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aluminum" class="mw-redirect" title="Aluminum">aluminum</a>, etc., have been used more and more for shafts and butts. A trend toward experimentation has also developed with <a href="/wiki/Rubber" class="mw-redirect" title="Rubber">rubber</a>, <a href="/wiki/Memory_foam" title="Memory foam">memory foam</a> and other soft <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#wrap" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § Wrap" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">wraps</span></a></dfn>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Carom">Carom</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cue_stick&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Carom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Carom_billiards#Cues" title="Carom billiards">Carom billiards § Cues</a></div> <p>Carom billiards cues tend to be shorter and lighter than pool cues, with a shorter ferrule, a thicker <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#butt" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § Butt" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">butt</span></a></dfn> and joint, a wooden joint pin (ideally) and collarless wood-to-wood joint, a conical taper, and a smaller tip diameter. Typical dimensions are 54–56 inches (140–140 cm) long, 16.5–18.5 ounces (0.47–0.52 kg) in weight, with an 11–12 mm diameter tip.<sup id="cite_ref-Kilby_2009_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kilby_2009-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The specialization makes the cue stiffer, for handling the heavier billiard balls and acting to reduce <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#deflection" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § Deflection" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">deflection</span></a></dfn>.<sup id="cite_ref-Shamos_1999_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shamos_1999-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 79, 241">: 79, 241 </span></sup> The wood used in carom cues can vary widely, and most quality carom cues are handmade. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Snooker">Snooker</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cue_stick&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Snooker"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Snooker_cue_and_extensions.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Snooker_cue_and_extensions.png/220px-Snooker_cue_and_extensions.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Snooker_cue_and_extensions.png/330px-Snooker_cue_and_extensions.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Snooker_cue_and_extensions.png/440px-Snooker_cue_and_extensions.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>Snooker cue with two detachable extensions</figcaption></figure> <p>At 57–58 inches (140–150 cm), a cue designed for snooker is usually shorter than the typical 59 inch pool cue and has detachable butt <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#extension" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § Extension" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">extensions</span></a></dfn> for making the cue 6 inches (15 cm) longer or more.<sup id="cite_ref-snooker_market_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-snooker_market-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many snooker cues are jointed, usually with brass fittings, two-thirds or even three-quarters of the way back toward the butt <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#bumper" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § Bumper" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">bumper</span></a></dfn>, providing an unusually long shaft, rather than at the half-way point, where pool and carom cues are jointed. This necessitates an extra long cue case. Some models are jointed in two places, with the long shaft having a smooth and subtle wood-to-wood joint. Snooker cue tips are usually 8.5–10.5 mm in diameter to provide more accuracy and finesse with snooker balls, which are smaller than pool and carom varieties. Snooker butts are usually flat on one side so that the cue may be laid flat on the table <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#bed" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § Bed" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">bed</span></a></dfn> and slid along the <a href="/wiki/Baize" title="Baize">baize</a> under a <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#cushion" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § Cushion" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">cushion</span></a></dfn> to strike the cushion-ward side of the <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#cue_ball" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § Cue ball" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">cue ball</span></a></dfn> when it is <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#frozen" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § Frozen" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">frozen</span></a></dfn> to the cushion (such a shot is not legal in pool or carom games under most rulesets). This tactile flat part of the butt also helps the player develop a very specific way of holding the cue, consistent on every shot for a very uniform <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#stroke" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § Stroke" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">stroke</span></a></dfn> (snooker, in the case of many if not most shots, requires much more precision than pool). Snooker cue weights vary between 16 and 18 oz. While a lighter cue is usually for beginners to develop correct technique when starting out, some professional snooker players use lighter cues (15–16<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> oz.), <a href="/wiki/Joe_Davis" title="Joe Davis">Joe Davis</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Spencer_(snooker_player)" title="John Spencer (snooker player)">John Spencer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Terry_Griffiths" title="Terry Griffiths">Terry Griffiths</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mark_Williams_(snooker_player)" title="Mark Williams (snooker player)">Mark Williams</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paul_Hunter" title="Paul Hunter">Paul Hunter</a>, to name a few. The balance point of a cue is usually 16 to 18 inches from the butt end. </p><p><b>Minimum length for a snooker cue</b> </p><p>The official rules of both snooker and billiards state that "A cue shall be not less than 3 ft (914 mm) in length and shall show no change from the traditional tapered shape and form, with a tip, used to strike the cue-ball, secured to the thinner end."<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This rule was introduced following an incident on 14 November 1938 when <a href="/wiki/Alec_Brown_(snooker_player)" title="Alec Brown (snooker player)">Alec Brown</a> was playing <a href="/wiki/Tom_Newman_(billiards_player)" title="Tom Newman (billiards player)">Tom Newman</a> at <a href="/wiki/Thurston%27s_Hall" title="Thurston's Hall">Thurston's Hall</a> in the <a href="/wiki/1938/1939_Daily_Mail_Gold_Cup" title="1938/1939 Daily Mail Gold Cup">1938/1939 Daily Mail Gold Cup</a>. In the third frame, Brown potted a red, after which the cue ball was left amidst several reds, with only a narrow way through to the black, the only colour not snookered, and which was near its spot. Playing this with conventional equipment would have been awkward. To the surprise of spectators, Brown produced a small <a href="/wiki/Fountain_pen" title="Fountain pen">fountain pen</a>-sized cue from his vest pocket, chalked it, and played the stroke. Newman protested at this. </p><p>The referee, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Chambers_(referee)" title="Charles Chambers (referee)">Charles Chambers</a>, then inspected the implement, a strip of ebony about five inches long, with one end having a cue tip. Chambers decided to award a foul, and awarded Newman seven points. In response to questions, the referee quoted the rule that said all strokes must be made with the tip of the cue, so he did not regard the "fountain-pen cue" as a valid cue. Eight days later, the Billiards Association and Control Council, which owned the rules, met and decided to introduce a new rule, which has been developed into today's version: "A billiards cue, as recognised by the Billiards and Control Council, shall not be less than three feet in length, and shall show no substantial departure from the traditional and generally accepted shape and form."<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Speciality">Speciality</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cue_stick&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Speciality"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Manufacturers also provide a variety of specialty cues tailored to specific shots. Pool <i>break cues</i> have tips made from very hard leather (sometimes layered) or <a href="/wiki/Phenolic_resin" class="mw-redirect" title="Phenolic resin">phenolic resin</a> to ensure that the full force of the stroke is transferred to the cue ball during the <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#break" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § Break" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">break shot</span></a></dfn>, and to avoid excessive wear-and-tear on the tips and ferrules of players' main shooting cues. Phenolic-tipped break cues often have a merged phenolic ferrule-tip, instead of two separate pieces. </p><p><i>Jump cues</i> are shorter, lighter (12 ounces and less) cues that make performing a legal <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#jump_shot" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § Jump shot" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">jump shot</span></a></dfn> easier, and also often have a very hard tip. Some standard-sized break cues include a two-piece butt allowing a player to remove the lower, heavier half of the butt to produce a jump cue; these are usually referred to as <i>jump–break</i> or <i>break–jump cues</i>. The uncommon <i>massé cue</i> is short and heavy, with a wider tip to aid in making <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#massé" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § Massé" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">massé shots</span></a></dfn>. </p><p>Practitioners of <a href="/wiki/Artistic_billiards" title="Artistic billiards">artistic billiards</a> and <a href="/wiki/Artistic_pool" class="mw-redirect" title="Artistic pool">artistic pool</a> sometimes have twenty or more cues, each specifically tailored to a particular <a href="/wiki/Trick_shot" title="Trick shot">trick shot</a>. Other specialty cues have multiple sections, between which weights can be added. Another specialization is the butt extension, which can be slipped over or screwed into the normal butt, to lengthen the cue and reduce dependency on the <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#mechanical_bridge" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § Mechanical bridge" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">mechanical bridge</span></a></dfn>. </p><p>A high quality two-piece cue with a nearly invisible wood-to-wood <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#joint" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § Joint" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">joint</span></a></dfn>, so that it looks like a cheap one-piece <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#house_cue" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § House cue" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">house cue</span></a></dfn>, is called a <i><dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#sneaky_pete" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § Sneaky pete" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">sneaky pete</span></a></dfn></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Laurance_1999_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Laurance_1999-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Such a cue may be used by a <a href="/wiki/Hustling" title="Hustling">hustler</a> to temporarily fool unsuspecting gamblers into thinking that he or she is a novice. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Shaft">Shaft</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cue_stick&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Shaft"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Shafts are made with various tapers, the two most common being the pro taper and the European taper. The pro taper has the same diameter from the tip to 30–35 cm (12–14 inches) toward the joint, at which point it begins to widen. The European taper widens continually and smoothly from the ferrule toward the joint. Despite their names, the continually sloping European taper is found in most <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North American</a> bar and house cues, and not all professional players prefer a straight pro taper on their custom, two-piece models. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tip">Tip</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cue_stick&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Tip"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DimeAndNickelCueTipRadii.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/DimeAndNickelCueTipRadii.jpg/140px-DimeAndNickelCueTipRadii.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/DimeAndNickelCueTipRadii.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="157" data-file-height="194" /></a><figcaption>Dime- and nickel-radius cue tips (left to right, respectively)</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Billiard_chalk_20050724_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Billiard_chalk_20050724_001.jpg/140px-Billiard_chalk_20050724_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Billiard_chalk_20050724_001.jpg/210px-Billiard_chalk_20050724_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Billiard_chalk_20050724_001.jpg/280px-Billiard_chalk_20050724_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption>Billiard chalk</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Moori.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Moori.jpg/140px-Moori.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Moori.jpg/210px-Moori.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Moori.jpg/280px-Moori.jpg 2x" data-file-width="448" data-file-height="447" /></a><figcaption>Layered (laminated) tip</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Que_Tip_Shaper-front_and_back-Portrait.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Que_Tip_Shaper-front_and_back-Portrait.png/140px-Que_Tip_Shaper-front_and_back-Portrait.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="280" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Que_Tip_Shaper-front_and_back-Portrait.png/210px-Que_Tip_Shaper-front_and_back-Portrait.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f3/Que_Tip_Shaper-front_and_back-Portrait.png 2x" data-file-width="248" data-file-height="496" /></a><figcaption>Cue tip shaper</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Leather" title="Leather">Leather</a> tips of varying curvature and degrees of hardness are glued to (or in some cases screwed into) the ferrule. The <i>de facto</i> standard curvatures for a pool tip are <a href="/wiki/Dime_(United_States_coin)" title="Dime (United States coin)">dime</a>- and <a href="/wiki/Nickel_(United_States_coin)" title="Nickel (United States coin)">nickel</a>-radius, determined by shaping a tip so that when one puts a nickel or dime to it, they have the same curvature. The tip end of the cue varies in diameter but is typically in the 9 to 14 millimeter range with 12 to 13 mm for pool cues. <a href="/wiki/Snooker" title="Snooker">Snooker</a> cue tips vary from 8 to 11 mm with 9 to 10 mm being the most popular size. </p><p>Rounder (i.e., smaller radius) tips impart <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#spin" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § Spin" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">spin</span></a></dfn> to the cue ball more easily since the point of contact between the tip and the ball requires less distance from the center hit to impart the same amount of spin, due to the increased tangential contact. Tips for break and jump cues are usually nickel radius or even flatter, and sometimes made of harder materials such as phenolic resin; the shots are forceful, and usually require less spin. </p><p>A leather tip naturally compresses and hardens with subsequent shots. Without proper care, the surface of the tip can develop an undesired smoothness or glossiness which can significantly reduce the desired friction between the tip and the cue ball. <a href="/wiki/Cue_sports#Chalk" title="Cue sports">Cue chalk</a> is applied to the tip of the cue, ideally after every other shot or so, to help achieve the desired friction and minimize the chance of a <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#miscue" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § Miscue" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">miscue</span></a></dfn>. This is especially important when the cue tip does not hit the cue ball in its center and thereby imparts spin to the cue ball. </p><p>There are different grades of hardness for tips, ranging from very soft to very hard. Softer tips (major brands include Elk Master and Blue Diamond) hold chalk better, but tend to degrade faster from abrasion (from chalk and scuffers), shaping (from cue tip shapers/tackers/picks), and mushrooming (the sides of the tip bulge out from long normal use or from hard hits that compact the tip in all directions). Harder tips (major brands include Blue Diamond Plus, Triangle and Le Professional or "Le Pro") maintain their shape much better, but because of their hardness, chalk tends to not hold as well as it does on softer tips. The hardness of a leather tip is determined from its compression and tanning during the manufacturing process. </p><p>All cue tips once were of a one-piece construction, as are many today (including LePro and Triangle). More recently some tips are made of layers that are laminated together (major brands include Kamui, <a href="/wiki/Moori_Tips" class="mw-redirect" title="Moori Tips">Moori</a> and Talisman). Harder tips and laminated tips hold their shape better than softer tips and one-piece tips. Laminated tips generally cost more than one-piece tips due to their more extensive manufacturing process. A potential problem with layered tips is delamination, where a layer begins to separate from another or the tip completely comes apart. This is not common and usually results from improper installation, misuse of tip tools, or high impact massé shots. One-piece tips are not subject to this problem, but they do tend to mushroom more easily. </p><p>These days there are synthetic, <i><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">faux</i></span></i>-leather or even rubber cue tips available that have similar playing characteristics to animal-hide tips. Often these are less affected by moisture and humidity than leather tips, tend less to bulge and mis-shapen, and are suitable substitutes for the average player.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ferrule">Ferrule</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cue_stick&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Ferrule"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The end of the shaft has a cuff known as the ferrule, which is used to hold the cue tip in place and to bear the brunt of impact with the cue ball so that the less resilient shaft wood does not split. Ferrules are no longer made of ivory, but, rather, are now made of carbon fiber, or a plastic such as <a href="/wiki/Melamine_resin" title="Melamine resin">melamine resin</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Phenolic_resin" class="mw-redirect" title="Phenolic resin">phenolic resin</a>, which are extremely durable, high-impact materials that are resistant to cracking, chipping, and breaking. Brass ferrules are sometimes used, especially for snooker cues. Titanium ferrules (lighter than brass) are fitted by some players to help reduce cue ball deflection when using side-spin. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Joint">Joint</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cue_stick&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Joint"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Cue_stick" title="Special:EditPage/Cue stick">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2017</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><p>The heavy, lower piece of the cue is the cue butt, and the smaller, narrower end is the shaft. The two cue pieces are attached at the joint; normally a screw rising from butt end's joint (male) is threaded into a receptacle on the shaft (female), or vice versa. The joints are made of various materials, most frequently a plastic, <a href="/wiki/Brass" title="Brass">brass</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stainless_steel" title="Stainless steel">stainless steel</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Wood" title="Wood">wood</a> outer layer, but some custom cues are made of bone, antlers, or other more expensive materials that are less common, but serve the same effect. Most snooker cues have brass-to-brass joints. The internal male and female connection points are almost always <a href="/wiki/Brass" title="Brass">brass</a> or steel because they respond less to temperature changes and thus expand and contract less than other materials, preserving the life of the cue. Joints have different sizes as well as different male and female ends on the shaft and butts of the cues. Traditional designs employ a fully threaded connection, while newer versions (marketed under such names as Uni-loc, Accu-loc, Speed-loc, and Tru-loc) employ half-threaded "quick pin release" connections that allow players to assemble and disassemble their cues faster. </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Butt">Butt</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cue_stick&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Butt"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The bulk of the weight of the cue is usually distributed in the cue butt portion. Whether the weight be 16 oz. or 22 oz., the weight change is mainly in the butt (usually in the core, under the wrap). Butts have varying constructions, from three-piece to one-piece, as well as other custom versions that people have developed. These translate into different "feels" because of the distribution of weight as well as the balance point of the cue. Traditionally, players want the balance point of a cue near the top end of the wrap or around 7 inches from where they grip the butt. Some brands and most custom cuemakers offer weights, usually metal discs of 1 to 2 ounces, that can be added at one or more places to adjust the balance and total weight and feel of the cue. </p><p>The cue butt is often inlaid with exotic woods such as <a href="/wiki/Bocote" class="mw-redirect" title="Bocote">bocote</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cocobolo" title="Cocobolo">cocobolo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ebony" title="Ebony">ebony</a> as well as other materials such as <a href="/wiki/Mother_of_pearl" class="mw-redirect" title="Mother of pearl">mother of pearl</a>. Usually parts of the butt are sectioned off with decorative rings. The use of various types of wraps on the cue butt, such as Irish <a href="/wiki/Linen" title="Linen">linen</a> or <a href="/wiki/Leather" title="Leather">leather</a>, provide a player with a better grip as well as absorbing moisture. Low-priced cues usually feature a <a href="/wiki/Nylon" title="Nylon">nylon</a> wrap which is considered not as good a "feel" as Irish Linen. Fiberglass and Graphite cues usually have a "Veltex" grip that is made of fiberglass/<a href="/wiki/Graphite" title="Graphite">graphite</a>, but is smoother and not glossy. Some people also prefer a cue with no wrap, and thus just a glossed finish on wood. Sometimes these no-wrap cues are more decorated because of the increased area for design and imagination. The butts of less expensive cues are usually spliced hardwood and a plastic covering while more high-end cues use solid rosewood or ebony. Snooker cues might be just the wood, waxed or oiled (bees wax, linseed oil). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bumper">Bumper</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cue_stick&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Bumper"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The final part a cue is the bumper, made of rubber (pool) or leather (snooker). Though often considered less important than other parts of a cue, this part is essential for protecting a cue. The bumper protects the cue when it rests on the ground or accidentally hits a wall, table, etc. Without the bumper, such impacts might crack the butt over an extended period of time. The "feel" of the cue <i>(see <a href="#"Feel"">below</a>)</i> is also an issue – without the bumper, the resonance of the cue hitting the cue ball may vibrate differently than in a cue with a properly attached, tight bumper. Though small, the bumper also adds some weight on the end of the cue, preserving a balance that also impacts the feel of a cue. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Materials_and_design">Materials and design</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cue_stick&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Materials and design"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Longoni-cues.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Longoni-cues.jpg/124px-Longoni-cues.jpg" decoding="async" width="124" height="451" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Longoni-cues.jpg/186px-Longoni-cues.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Longoni-cues.jpg/248px-Longoni-cues.jpg 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption> <a href="/wiki/Longoni_(company)" title="Longoni (company)">Longoni</a> cues</figcaption></figure> <p>A cue can be either hand- or machine-spliced. The choice of materials used in the construction of the cue butt and the artistry of the design can lead to cues of great beauty and high price. Good quality pool cues are customarily made from straight-grained hard rock <a href="/wiki/Maple" title="Maple">maple</a> wood, especially the shaft. Snooker cues, by contrast, are almost always made of <a href="/wiki/Ash_tree" class="mw-redirect" title="Ash tree">ash wood</a>, although one might come across one with a maple shaft. Maple is stiffer than ash, and cheaper. Cues are not always for play, some are purely collectible and can reach prices of tens of thousands of dollars for the materials they are made of and their exquisite craftsmanship.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>A good cue needn't be expensive. These "collector" cues have fine workmanship and use top quality materials. They are designed with ornate inlays in varying types of wood, precious metals and stones, all in a multitude of styles and sometimes displaying works of art.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The inlays are stained, translucent, transparent or painted. These cues are also valued because of how well they perform. Competitors of custom cue makers and mass-production manufacturers usually try to make cues look like they are made of expensive materials by using overlays and decals. Although these lower the cost of the cues, they do not degrade the cues' effectiveness in game play. Another mark of quality is the precision with which inlays are set. High quality inlays fit perfectly with no gaps; they are symmetrical on all sides, as well as cut cleanly so that all edges and points are sharp, not rounded. The use of machines has aided much in the production of high quality inlays and other ornaments.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notable_makers">Notable makers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cue_stick&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Notable makers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Notable makers of cues include <a href="/wiki/George_Balabushka" title="George Balabushka">George Balabushka</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Parris" title="John Parris">John Parris</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Longoni_(company)" title="Longoni (company)">Longoni</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cue_stick&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Eight_Ball_Rack_2005_SeanMcClean.jpg/29px-Eight_Ball_Rack_2005_SeanMcClean.jpg" decoding="async" width="29" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Eight_Ball_Rack_2005_SeanMcClean.jpg/43px-Eight_Ball_Rack_2005_SeanMcClean.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Eight_Ball_Rack_2005_SeanMcClean.jpg/58px-Eight_Ball_Rack_2005_SeanMcClean.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="697" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Cue_sports" title="Portal:Cue sports">Cue sports portal</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cue_stick&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Shamos_1999-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Shamos_1999_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shamos_1999_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFShamos1999" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Ian_Shamos" title="Michael Ian Shamos">Shamos, Mike</a> (1999). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/newillustrateden0000sham"><i>The New Illustrated Encyclopedia of Billiards</i></a></span>. New York: Lyons Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781558217973" title="Special:BookSources/9781558217973"><bdi>9781558217973</bdi></a> – via Internet Archive.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+Illustrated+Encyclopedia+of+Billiards&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Lyons+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=9781558217973&rft.aulast=Shamos&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnewillustrateden0000sham&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACue+stick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071211070521/http://www.easypooltutor.com/glossary-cat-1.html">"Cue Maker and Cues Glossary"</a>. <i>EasyPoolTutor</i>. 2003–2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.easypooltutor.com/glossary-cat-1.html">the original</a> on 11 December 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 December</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=EasyPoolTutor&rft.atitle=Cue+Maker+and+Cues+Glossary&rft.date=2003%2F2007&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.easypooltutor.com%2Fglossary-cat-1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACue+stick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Everton_1986-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Everton_1986_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Everton_1986_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Everton_1986_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Everton_1986_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Everton_1986_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Everton_1986_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Everton_1986_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Everton_1986_3-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Everton_1986_3-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Everton_1986_3-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Everton_1986_3-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Everton_1986_3-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Everton_1986_3-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Everton_1986_3-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEverton1986" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Clive_Everton" title="Clive Everton">Everton, Clive</a> (1986). <i>The History of Snooker and Billiards</i> (rev. ver. of <i>The Story of Billiards and Snooker</i>, 1979 ed.). <a href="/wiki/Haywards_Heath" title="Haywards Heath">Haywards Heath</a>, UK: <a href="/wiki/Transworld_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Transworld (company)">Partridge Pr</a>. pp. 8–11. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85225-013-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-85225-013-5"><bdi>1-85225-013-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+Snooker+and+Billiards&rft.place=Haywards+Heath%2C+UK&rft.pages=8-11&rft.edition=rev.+ver.+of+%27%27The+Story+of+Billiards+and+Snooker%27%27%2C+1979&rft.pub=Partridge+Pr&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=1-85225-013-5&rft.aulast=Everton&rft.aufirst=Clive&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACue+stick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OED_1989-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-OED_1989_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a></i> (2nd ed.). <a href="/wiki/Oxford,_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxford, England">Oxford</a>: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford U. Pr</a>. 1989. "billiard stick" entry.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=%22billiard+stick%22+entry&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Oxford+U.+Pr&rft.date=1989&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACue+stick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Phelan_1859-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Phelan_1859_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPhelan1859" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Phelan_(billiards)" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael Phelan (billiards)">Phelan, Michael</a> (1859). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/gamebilliards00phelgoog"><i>The Game of Billiards</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York</a>: D. Appleton & Co. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/gamebilliards00phelgoog/page/n54">44</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Game+of+Billiards&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=44&rft.pub=D.+Appleton+%26+Co&rft.date=1859&rft.aulast=Phelan&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgamebilliards00phelgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACue+stick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kilby_2009-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kilby_2009_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kilby_2009_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKilby2009" class="citation web cs1">Kilby, Ronald (May 23, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080624113211/http://www.caromcues.com/CaromvsPoolCues.htm">"So What's a Carom Cue?"</a>. <i>CaromCues.com</i>. <a href="/wiki/Medford,_OR" class="mw-redirect" title="Medford, OR">Medford, OR</a>: Kilby Cues. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.caromcues.com/CaromvsPoolCues.htm">the original</a> on June 24, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 20,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CaromCues.com&rft.atitle=So+What%27s+a+Carom+Cue%3F&rft.date=2009-05-23&rft.aulast=Kilby&rft.aufirst=Ronald&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.caromcues.com%2FCaromvsPoolCues.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACue+stick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-snooker_market-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-snooker_market_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See online and offline retailers. Virtually all modern snooker cues are 56.5 to 59 inches, with a 57 inch length accounting for about 90% of the market (of major manufacturers, only one defaults to 58 inches). Weights range from 15 to 19 ounces (0.48–54–kg) High-end cues are almost always compatible with one or more butt extension types, and often include one.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191007164853/https://www.wpbsa.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/WPBSA-Rules-of-Snooker-and-Billiards-2019.pdf">"Official Rules of the Games of Snooker and English Billiards"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>wpbsa.com</i>. World Professional Billiards and Snooker Association. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wpbsa.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/WPBSA-Rules-of-Snooker-and-Billiards-2019.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 7 October 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=wpbsa.com&rft.atitle=Official+Rules+of+the+Games+of+Snooker+and+English+Billiards&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wpbsa.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2019%2F09%2FWPBSA-Rules-of-Snooker-and-Billiards-2019.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACue+stick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"News of the month". <i>The Billiard Player</i>. No. December 1938. p.7.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Billiard+Player&rft.atitle=News+of+the+month&rft.issue=December+1938&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACue+stick" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_news" title="Template:Cite news">cite news</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location" title="Category:CS1 maint: location">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClare2008" class="citation book cs1">Clare, Norman (4 March 2008). <i>Billiards and Snooker Bygones</i>. Shire Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780852637302" title="Special:BookSources/9780852637302"><bdi>9780852637302</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Billiards+and+Snooker+Bygones&rft.pub=Shire+Publications&rft.date=2008-03-04&rft.isbn=9780852637302&rft.aulast=Clare&rft.aufirst=Norman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACue+stick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Laurance_1999-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Laurance_1999_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMataya_LauranceThomas_C._Shaw1999" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ewa_Mataya_Laurance" class="mw-redirect" title="Ewa Mataya Laurance">Mataya Laurance, Ewa</a>; Thomas C. Shaw (1999). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/completeidiotsgu00laur/page/79"><i>The Complete Idiot's Guide to Pool & Billiards</i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York</a>: Alpha Books. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/completeidiotsgu00laur/page/79">79</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-02-862645-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-02-862645-1"><bdi>0-02-862645-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Complete+Idiot%27s+Guide+to+Pool+%26+Billiards&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=79&rft.pub=Alpha+Books&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-02-862645-1&rft.aulast=Mataya+Laurance&rft.aufirst=Ewa&rft.au=Thomas+C.+Shaw&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcompleteidiotsgu00laur%2Fpage%2F79&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACue+stick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cuemuseum.com/">"Best Pool Cues and Cuemakers Throughout History – cuezilla.com"</a>. <i>Cuezilla.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cuezilla.com&rft.atitle=Best+Pool+Cues+and+Cuemakers+Throughout+History+%E2%80%93+cuezilla.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cuemuseum.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACue+stick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cue sports"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cue_sports" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cue_sports" title="Cue sports">Cue sports</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pool_(cue_sports)" title="Pool (cue sports)">Pool</a> games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Eight-ball" title="Eight-ball">Eight-ball</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Eight-ball_pool_(British_variation)" title="Eight-ball pool (British variation)">British eight-ball</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nine-ball" title="Nine-ball">Nine-ball</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Straight_pool" title="Straight pool">Straight pool</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ten-ball" title="Ten-ball">Ten-ball</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trick_shot" title="Trick shot"><i>Artistic pool</i> and trick shots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_pool" title="Bank pool">Bank pool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_pocket_billiards" title="Baseball pocket billiards">Baseball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bottle_pool" title="Bottle pool">Bottle pool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowlliards" title="Bowlliards">Bowlliards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_(pool)" title="Chicago (pool)">Chicago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cowboy_pool" title="Cowboy pool">Cowboy pool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cribbage_(pool)" title="Cribbage (pool)">Cribbage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cutthroat_(pool)" title="Cutthroat (pool)">Cutthroat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifteen-ball_pool" title="Fifteen-ball pool">Fifteen-ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golf_(billiards)" title="Golf (billiards)">Golf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honolulu_(pool)" title="Honolulu (pool)">Honolulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelly_pool" title="Kelly pool">Kelly pool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killer_(pool)" title="Killer (pool)">Killer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One-pocket" title="One-pocket">One-pocket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyramid_pool" title="Pyramid pool">Pyramid pool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotation_(pool)" title="Rotation (pool)">Rotation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven-ball" title="Seven-ball">Seven-ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speed_pool" title="Speed pool">Speed pool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three-ball" title="Three-ball">Three-ball</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Cuesports" title="Cuesports"><img alt="A cube of blue chalk with a paper wrapper on all sides but one; a rounded indentation appears at the top where a cue would be chalked" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fc/Chalk_stub.png" decoding="async" width="61" height="72" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="61" data-file-height="72" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Carom_billiards" title="Carom billiards">Carom billiards</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Three-cushion_billiards" title="Three-cushion billiards">Three-cushion</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/One-cushion_billiards" title="One-cushion billiards">One-cushion</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Balkline" title="Balkline">Balkline</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straight_rail" title="Straight rail">Straight rail</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Five-pin_billiards" title="Five-pin billiards">Five-pins</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Artistic_billiards" title="Artistic billiards">Artistic billiards</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four-ball_billiards" title="Four-ball billiards">Four-ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goriziana" title="Goriziana">Goriziana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Snooker</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Snooker" title="Snooker">Snooker</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Six-red_snooker" title="Six-red snooker">Six-red snooker</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snooker_plus" class="mw-redirect" title="Snooker plus">Snooker plus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_snooker" title="American snooker">American snooker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinuca_brasileira" title="Sinuca brasileira">Brazilian snooker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snooker_Shoot_Out" title="Snooker Shoot Out">Shoot Out</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cue_sports#List_of_cue_sports" title="Cue sports">Other games</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/English_billiards" title="English billiards">English billiards</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Russian_pyramid" title="Russian pyramid">Russian pyramid</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaisa_(cue_sport)" title="Kaisa (cue sport)">Kaisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_pin_billiards" title="Danish pin billiards">Danish pin billiards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bumper_pool" title="Bumper pool">Bumper pool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagatelle" title="Bagatelle">Bagatelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boccette" title="Boccette">Boccette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bar_billiards" title="Bar billiards">Bar billiards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novuss" title="Novuss">Novuss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ground_billiards" title="Ground billiards">Ground billiards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slosh_(cue_sport)" title="Slosh (cue sport)">Slosh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Resources</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms" title="Glossary of cue sports terms">Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cue_sports_techniques" title="Cue sports techniques">Techniques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billiard_table" title="Billiard table">Billiard table</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billiard_ball" title="Billiard ball">Billiard ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billiard_hall" title="Billiard hall">Billiard hall</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cue stick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rack_(billiards)" title="Rack (billiards)">Rack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_cue_sports" title="Comparison of cue sports">Comparison of cue sports</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major<br />international<br />tournaments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artistic_Billiards_World_Championship" title="Artistic Billiards World Championship">Artistic Billiards World Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UMB_World_Three-cushion_Championship" title="UMB World Three-cushion Championship">UMB World Three-cushion Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Snooker_Championship" title="World Snooker Championship">World Snooker Championship</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Snooker_Championship_winners" title="List of World Snooker Championship winners">champions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six-red_World_Championship" title="Six-red World Championship">Six-red World Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Women%27s_Snooker_Championship" title="World Women's Snooker Championship">World Women's Snooker Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WPA_World_Nine-ball_Championship" title="WPA World Nine-ball Championship">WPA World Nine-ball Championship</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WPA_Women%27s_World_Nine-ball_Championship" title="WPA Women's World Nine-ball Championship">Women's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_WPA_World_Nine-ball_champions" title="List of WPA World Nine-ball champions">champions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WPA_World_Ten-ball_Championship" title="WPA World Ten-ball Championship">WPA World Ten-ball Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Straight_Pool_Championship" title="World Straight Pool Championship">World Straight Pool Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WPA_World_Eight-ball_Championship" title="WPA World Eight-ball Championship">WPA World Eight-ball Championship</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_world_eight-ball_champions" title="List of world eight-ball champions">champions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Cup_of_Pool" title="World Cup of Pool">World Cup of Pool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosconi_Cup" title="Mosconi Cup">Mosconi Cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Pool_Masters" title="World Pool Masters">World Pool Masters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cue_sports_at_the_World_Games" title="Cue sports at the World Games">Cue sports at the World Games</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Euro_Tour" title="Euro Tour">Euro Tour</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Euro_Tour_tournaments" title="List of Euro Tour tournaments">events</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Pool_Championships" title="European Pool Championships">European Pool Championships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._Open_pool_championships" title="List of U.S. Open pool championships">U.S. Open</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Open_Straight_Pool_Championship" title="U.S. Open Straight Pool Championship">Straight Pool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Open_8-Ball_Championships" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Open 8-Ball Championships">8-Ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Open_9-Ball_Championships" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Open 9-Ball Championships">9-Ball</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Governing bodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_Confederation_of_Billiards_Sports" title="World Confederation of Billiards Sports">World Confederation of Billiards Sports</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Union_Mondiale_de_Billard" title="Union Mondiale de Billard">Union Mondiale de Billard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Pool-Billiard_Association" title="World Pool-Billiard Association">World Pool-Billiard Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Billiards_and_Snooker_Federation" title="International Billiards and Snooker Federation">International Billiards and Snooker Federation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Professional_Billiards_and_Snooker_Association" title="World Professional Billiards and Snooker Association">World Professional Billiards and Snooker Association</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Categories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cue_sports" title="Category:Cue sports">Cue sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cue_sports_players" title="Category:Cue sports players">Players</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cue_sports_organizations" title="Category:Cue sports organizations">Organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cue_sports_competitions" title="Category:Cue sports competitions">Competitions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Eight_Ball_Rack_2005_SeanMcClean.jpg/16px-Eight_Ball_Rack_2005_SeanMcClean.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Eight_Ball_Rack_2005_SeanMcClean.jpg/24px-Eight_Ball_Rack_2005_SeanMcClean.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Eight_Ball_Rack_2005_SeanMcClean.jpg/32px-Eight_Ball_Rack_2005_SeanMcClean.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="697" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Cue_sports" title="Portal:Cue sports">Cue sports portal</a></b><br /> The rules of games in <i>italics</i> are standardized by international sanctioning bodies.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q593707#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q593707#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q593707#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/884926/">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh98004431">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13327197p">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13327197p">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007534975605171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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