CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '914a4bf1bb5e9f71',cH: 'Yfgf36pKuRFKwbZx3n.H_uqVnM8jMWEE3XAD3F13y6M-1740010468-1.2.1.1-Ace6OnI1RgfXjL5JSs9uN_XMam4Lu4IgroDB1K_L0T.UnnxI3_JE0kvWcSwtzJhr',cUPMDTk: "\/search?q=cancer%20specificity&__cf_chl_tk=nZeH889QPFKGXOQPfH0Ud5cMCzn8F1.AjJtIoEhKEAc-1740010468-1.0.1.1-kJn_WDpBl4dMCzfn3CFAR7FHMriXyZhZz8ECohex.3Q",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1740010468',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "unsupported-browser",fa: "\/search?q=cancer%20specificity&__cf_chl_f_tk=nZeH889QPFKGXOQPfH0Ud5cMCzn8F1.AjJtIoEhKEAc-1740010468-1.0.1.1-kJn_WDpBl4dMCzfn3CFAR7FHMriXyZhZz8ECohex.3Q",md: "U3VCk253ZUxrxdEQsV7.twotGDTEYKIlSyjq53mfP14-1740010468-1.2.1.1-gCoolsktAeYm7zGIpqUwKDc5ZE67.0Iv_vR3HwTU7KR.hQFG_lasgksK9tWnjMvVy6pk_EMsua7Ol8f40S8IHXIRt1rfymKcRfRG9cwCQ33zv8TQUsCFIDhSNjEPuOiGKMGa1CB03KHH31DCAHUDw6P67CeqmxGCPFoNoyaGFbKq2cdJ_gITvAWFv6fIUWemJ0B3YdEvwplMvVLMl.BKyEFvm6v5XFNRM4WAJZbcaBO1kmltTV4ATL1P8Cu9nrqPh4REfkUlSowfyAzvFfGE6TR.1Ucs3m4eWcjiRTwEJFIKD9cIUkAXGG1Ss5PIeg4zgZxstrnAK2QQzg2Codm3B4WCE4yFeaOi8luTp0NDS2u89JCvHpOjeG8DJenJYFffJ7Zf_FdFPdAlKPq.ym2WO4ikDlTmq_mcA2eAyT0V8dzL0Dn4skRl3t9IU5VZgzOcLyRLT9GbNGej.lkmNX04vo9FyLwJPluHpVs6usOitqzyffF0fwvYMK1aQxKI1JGZUFuqEZXfF05spJHkUg4aTLPX29GjPCZMc1drrilKDdfZCbzPv3Jt1Po5iGFAO33xv.jRPDw_.Sk2257D35R65WtAbdQEECNeVzO21OA48E75UkXTEpq1UmE6.H_P6Ij_kSd6ZxdMZvKp4_3YWtJHsmPp8F.Dvs4KCczs_UslvQaXE_y.OQyURHbH5XlxBXgx6mGZ2IFFZF9wF5PtgJbTNNVEgmhnypSLmZ0gP5NNOYVMoqT.K88TsD6CffB91cbnzjS14fgfbHsJ166VYPOdlASNh.8OoqRvc.MocRbvhAtlRaXbyED5obDEqnlM8_ZDj_.GYMQfSrCiePdW3nepgYOlMseDSJhXELfbAjm7TlUzCszPLC6w9qoQ_XFBKOxNs9abr6ZqaZrewmF1D.4y9J1lPSfrSzDJzt0nH83wknm8bowxNXlgwBdKOtZ40AZMTSl6xbLAiWsI6Ogrwr3zuS_A7luBRZffqvZWVul3ePzVh4_VNTGLZipNFqpOSbxEgIMLGK.CzHg2Xtk0142CGCRhSW62iRrrXfaV6A_ZEdAUT6WYE1TEWow5_cV1nyeSVldQlt103G0yqrt92aEZGVHRiY6lMIRxJX90nn0pxTCW4w83.YplPB4IGi1IEt7DPtysEmpwrHtHD6RQYRLqagz5PiOXvjXvaCFD7b3fiHe9.S65E3HT9Xt_ZjmgRUSWWDte5fr5d8HLakFc1NujL3BwwrHAV6mqVh_WoYZZPE0eiJ5MB1ev1Sl2jqkQVb4zByrcw48t.7v8mOqf_FRCRXN4fsmR5q0A7yNd9lHIFOexbOr.GK.4x3zRirSxU13g3.xJET1vfiRmObMkblHJlvJNzy0MD93pSyO4KaLwKr_izYSdnUVSXlmbzZjflgj.Jv7y8s74ZQs93cs87DNt9WDLiLu2mO3X0L0xhO6rYHg1DshpKOn.BBrOZ.ISmEzNk4SaDO6jJGBQjkDATjhEsGJYioTnKzfBR.Qun6TQZvez5DNOqXLGFKzVzIAHsv0Syiydu2QaxvTMu3Bk9TxXhOA60gQEXKQxcRwYVeHMT6aBw9JVpem3M9qq1iyY1TQ5Z1CZM9S2hh5M4xrEiLE.6g5D5XARQeHF2nDljYCkOLFCudkJAVwyaq4zjZ0zgbuky5.Fz5Hz.spZG_ePl_3jtKszHGugfkEoWm8mM3fSrYFhQoynDBKTKqx9Id2FHcSx75UjB9DN0CmP06X_wLD1F08crTCMxuMlwqXClviOT2hBDxfn0ErM6TOpNtUvRS4fMnKngpOCSUtTbT1PR3f.Zz.TI2g5CQJ9SbS4b3glIgucRpLwSiDs6QXCA5KjXStsT8CMBg3mfrvKXsrxLc5Mb_MAs_qvpLuCEU36Ypzt_LWPNrn.RnIaRySG82aY5certehJParcYf6obNzVehunsQ",mdrd: "UzUqn5crV_xQzyvIzmxoWcCamA29PWLvYlbxDDgIMkY-1740010468-1.2.1.1-uSrhx7yNNiG78JVvuxpEP3bJaw3kyK1j3.fRlVkB2jJypaum7KURVWIa_k72rMzDSi90qo2RL1AMQtVzGbiQsz0f17aSfzARbUy8MjlvwjR7ihtw1wci6YnL2ELLOA0Co3AYWiiOi2D3zwQPRhiTufz6f5CQunSxPLocSfZ8UiksJGeup7.qT77GTq6S1t09l42Eq0LneweNp0IdJvxvjAhyjNCww10W61GE0KSrU45OIrKyhPtVbBjJfQbK1ylD3BmAYtjHUep4KTNVLiR8jxM06HM0SldXG64gVz0ytRzvf08tY_lJsgcOf0iR.lSWl1tHZKzKLEdkcxS_SXJ_vA80_bncRJEGesMohMeitdzqSanqBSMNLuUGx98p5aXVc_GbvG.RhSZ.4Uc5Ym2m2e2ScC_18kWnZM71zr_vwMz8PLfbQ9k5aH_2J2W2ky4ivcY1hcbiN1.yxKdkon5LBwNtXtbd.WOu3YBeZchUQYJxddpkDNvEoU9XsBjRw9UX6baY5olyBsUh2ISfhn5ZIU22gUxDV7m5ys9IFTsSmELfnmHGgLTFbQbbCCQT_VsnxjfmjLeMyjaixllhHo1v2J02ZQS6qBa.T8Nf2Ny0lBafESUj1gwOEP3RzrADUld4c6jzv0sorXmLdBbTfhzXkV88rrY8Mb.Zae5fNTrWVHs3VoSQAQquUTYFgvIL_pP4bTrWVTFHPXM2._HjuOj8Bqco98PGXZqcdtv32Ny7Wv3tXuUbId.JxDihI5TEFmDYLgthesqVYzWmc.UCaaJDpTs6JjJJiPBjYUgkaAOy6P0oLzr7cGIorr7X.2m11_YewV0GYtB_75E1srK_VC9myeu.DZa2lLuGfBLZ0E.cAQ0nrCjhv1hYUJOD._ndh_r2yM8GR.J1h8rC0XYUJeCOoA8F21sBpoOvfTwT3NZbPsX8B04Zulr.7CJVEekb9NlmVEdn9BZPP1T.TjqGzfdDFKFsG7XhDahV9WHeQpzjA4BMNqMyGV1QH9L8dlgv41NByOLTH_JfMLcW_oZxDxt9A89iLWP_Rdku0uRqygL0Pm98__LXMxj0XhcOTaxWUSyhHfT7xp2kBEhOxdKhorJbsVQt63likud4g9Ry1zxq6W5Qu7A_2g9pGRUQovCKNo4RHzgp9vw8p7GKNM0hOpmVBxuRFvncDATFNK7lB59VsiuuMvenp0jBvW95TYY3qVe4.Nwffo8QFCGrMmrWTUUeuEpglkr1PAZGxRaekqAB7sk.N4Hc7nlCdAS6jz0dB2.uo_ETk_n1_zyCsAUYPrk_3_bPvgdnbnnVwh7b4nLYnHOvlzvlJ.UFdrdDQ1_Kv8WlZDrczJ4Eckebk6FOCfvsP5ZsNjniXCMW3u9DOwD2KUqnzhju_z9XATDuIEQ1qNYhydArEPH7GdaQ4BE5GExmwFuALfUdscq2f78p2i_AqrI2NIsZkhhLZo1BYEltQO94uBpVQnx7GxuPXxDWrD9pSgJ0V60oKHVcvbs.yolsjZFXjK0WDVYhyeMQfY3J4whZCio37cj78SpRB7JUPpJfd4RZveYUhwuB.dXZNRlKHxl.1xHTqKgmIJTJ7odh7cy4O5Y7DSndBhbwk3AXlq5xmnIo2ecU1uX.5uCCB1UbiUTE.sVmuYynZXG5RYc9yVPGx9nzAeoUEkhY4MPNOyRfSEyvwlvctjyKAMPMzsHlq9j.1LFBSa02xFfQwvajYqfZZkMSaiIb4talBVwhQ6DbTlhsGvqpb4.JpepuM3ccMoDjaA8OAHXr3vdEqmvk81NPuiCZgFYAoM8CqPGSo3_mD2K.qvZ3DIfGhXaPBA8rxyDMmUvn7YRxI9Ewmhfo0r0qoyeTDIf6L6NFzo_Ha.U9AGtmAboSbnR0HFN.6AZ5tvzn1_Xfq8QMNfyWbay41RYgIfK3XhwWY4b0_zE5.Crnm.45MWWxJ8TIFE8xor.FIthvYezjjoshrs6JqI9oJV6z"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=914a4bf1bb5e9f71';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/search?q=cancer%20specificity&__cf_chl_rt_tk=nZeH889QPFKGXOQPfH0Ud5cMCzn8F1.AjJtIoEhKEAc-1740010468-1.0.1.1-kJn_WDpBl4dMCzfn3CFAR7FHMriXyZhZz8ECohex.3Q" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>