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(PDF) Maternal and Postnatal High Linoleic Acid Diet Impacts Lipid Metabolism in Adult Rat Offspring in a Sex-Specific Manner | Nirajan Shrestha, PhD - Academia.edu
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We aimed to investigate the effect of maternal and postnatal high LA (HLA) diet on plasma FA composition, plasma and hepatic lipids and genes" /> <title>(PDF) Maternal and Postnatal High Linoleic Acid Diet Impacts Lipid Metabolism in Adult Rat Offspring in a Sex-Specific Manner | Nirajan Shrestha, PhD - Academia.edu</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/46852846/Maternal_and_Postnatal_High_Linoleic_Acid_Diet_Impacts_Lipid_Metabolism_in_Adult_Rat_Offspring_in_a_Sex_Specific_Manner" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "single_work", 'action': "show", 'controller_action': 'single_work#show', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script> var $controller_name = 'single_work'; var $action_name = "show"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = '9387f500ddcbb8d05c67bef28a2fe0334f1aafb8'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.require = { config: function() { return function() {} } } </script> <script> window.Aedu = window.Aedu || {}; window.Aedu.hit_data = null; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1732980050000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1732980050000; </script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","abstract":"Linoleic acid (LA), an n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), is essential for fetal growth and development. We aimed to investigate the effect of maternal and postnatal high LA (HLA) diet on plasma FA composition, plasma and hepatic lipids and genes involved in lipid metabolism in the liver of adult offspring. Female rats were fed with low LA (LLA; 1.44% LA) or HLA (6.21% LA) diets for 10 weeks before pregnancy, and during gestation/lactation. Offspring were weaned at postnatal day 25 (PN25), fed either LLA or HLA diets and sacrificed at PN180. Postnatal HLA diet decreased circulating total n-3 PUFA and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), while increased total n-6 PUFA, LA and arachidonic acid (AA) in both male and female offspring. Maternal HLA diet increased circulating leptin in female offspring, but not in males. Maternal HLA diet decreased circulating adiponectin in males. Postnatal HLA diet significantly decreased aspartate transaminase (AST) in females and downregulated total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides in the plasma of males. Maternal HLA diet downregulated the hepatic mRNA expression of Hmgcr in both male and female offspring and decreased the hepatic mRNA expression of Cpt1a and Acox1 in females. Both maternal and postnatal HLA diet decreased hepatic mRNA expression of Cyp27a1 in females. Postnatal diet significantly altered circulating fatty acid concentrations, with sex-specific differences in genes that control lipid metabolism in the adult offspring following exposure to high LA diet in utero.","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Nirajan Shrestha, PhD"}],"contributor":[],"dateCreated":"2021-04-14","dateModified":"2021-04-14","datePublished":"2021-01-01","headline":"Maternal and Postnatal High Linoleic Acid Diet Impacts Lipid Metabolism in Adult Rat Offspring in a Sex-Specific Manner","inLanguage":"en","keywords":["Lipids","Liver","Fetal Programming","Maternal Diet","Linoleic Acid","omega 6"],"locationCreated":null,"publication":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences","publisher":{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Organization","name":null},"image":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"url":"https://www.academia.edu/46852846/Maternal_and_Postnatal_High_Linoleic_Acid_Diet_Impacts_Lipid_Metabolism_in_Adult_Rat_Offspring_in_a_Sex_Specific_Manner","sourceOrganization":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"EducationalOrganization","name":"massgeneral"}]}</script><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_page/loswp-102fa537001ba4d8dcd921ad9bd56c474abc201906ea4843e7e7efe9dfbf561d.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/body-8d679e925718b5e8e4b18e9a4fab37f7eaa99e43386459376559080ac8f2856a.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/button-3cea6e0ad4715ed965c49bfb15dedfc632787b32ff6d8c3a474182b231146ab7.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" 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We aimed to investigate the effect of maternal and postnatal high LA (HLA) diet on plasma FA composition, plasma and hepatic lipids and genes involved in lipid metabolism in the liver of adult offspring. Female rats were fed with low LA (LLA; 1.44% LA) or HLA (6.21% LA) diets for 10 weeks before pregnancy, and during gestation/lactation. Offspring were weaned at postnatal day 25 (PN25), fed either LLA or HLA diets and sacrificed at PN180. Postnatal HLA diet decreased circulating total n-3 PUFA and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), while increased total n-6 PUFA, LA and arachidonic acid (AA) in both male and female offspring. Maternal HLA diet increased circulating leptin in female offspring, but not in males. Maternal HLA diet decreased circulating adiponectin in males. Postnatal HLA diet significantly decreased aspartate transaminase (AST) in females and downregulated total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides in the plasma of males. Maternal HLA diet downregulated the hepatic mRNA expression of Hmgcr in both male and female offspring and decreased the hepatic mRNA expression of Cpt1a and Acox1 in females. Both maternal and postnatal HLA diet decreased hepatic mRNA expression of Cyp27a1 in females. Postnatal diet significantly altered circulating fatty acid concentrations, with sex-specific differences in genes that control lipid metabolism in the adult offspring following exposure to high LA diet in utero.","publication_date":"2021,,","publication_name":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Maternal and Postnatal High Linoleic Acid Diet Impacts Lipid Metabolism in Adult Rat Offspring in a Sex-Specific Manner","broadcastable":false,"draft":false,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [24453968]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "full_page_mobile_sutd_modal"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":66263813,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Maternal and Postnatal High Linoleic Acid Diet Impacts Lipid Metabolism in Adult Rat Offspring in a Sex-Specific Manner”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/66263813/mini_magick20210414-29406-dtiszj.png?1618393644" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_splash/adobe.icon-574afd46eb6b03a77a153a647fb47e30546f9215c0ee6a25df597a779717f9ef.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Maternal and Postnatal High Linoleic Acid Diet Impacts Lipid Metabolism in Adult Rat Offspring in a Sex-Specific Manner</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="24453968" href="https://massgeneral.academia.edu/NirajanShrestha"><img alt="Profile image of Nirajan Shrestha, PhD" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/24453968/7003801/35955321/s65_nirajan.shrestha.jpeg" />Nirajan Shrestha, PhD</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2021, International Journal of Molecular Sciences</p><a class="js-loswp-work-card-doi-link ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" href="https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22062946" rel="nofollow">https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22062946</a><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">23 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 46852846; const worksViewsPath = "/v0/works/views?subdomain_param=api&work_ids%5B%5D=46852846"; const getWorkViews = async (workId) => { const response = await fetch(worksViewsPath); if (!response.ok) { throw new Error('Failed to load work views'); } const data = await response.json(); return data.views[workId]; }; // Get the view count for the work - we send this immediately rather than waiting for // the DOM to load, so it can be available as soon as possible (but without holding up // the backend or other resource requests, because it's a bit expensive and not critical). const viewCount = await getWorkViews(workId); const updateViewCount = (viewCount) => { const viewCountNumber = Number(viewCount); if (!viewCountNumber) { throw new Error('Failed to parse view count'); } const commaizedViewCount = viewCountNumber.toLocaleString(); const viewCountBody = document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count'); if (viewCountBody) { viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } else { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">Linoleic acid (LA), an n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), is essential for fetal growth and development. We aimed to investigate the effect of maternal and postnatal high LA (HLA) diet on plasma FA composition, plasma and hepatic lipids and genes involved in lipid metabolism in the liver of adult offspring. Female rats were fed with low LA (LLA; 1.44% LA) or HLA (6.21% LA) diets for 10 weeks before pregnancy, and during gestation/lactation. Offspring were weaned at postnatal day 25 (PN25), fed either LLA or HLA diets and sacrificed at PN180. Postnatal HLA diet decreased circulating total n-3 PUFA and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), while increased total n-6 PUFA, LA and arachidonic acid (AA) in both male and female offspring. Maternal HLA diet increased circulating leptin in female offspring, but not in males. Maternal HLA diet decreased circulating adiponectin in males. Postnatal HLA diet significantly decreased aspartate transaminase (AST) in females and downregulated total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides in the plasma of males. Maternal HLA diet downregulated the hepatic mRNA expression of Hmgcr in both male and female offspring and decreased the hepatic mRNA expression of Cpt1a and Acox1 in females. Both maternal and postnatal HLA diet decreased hepatic mRNA expression of Cyp27a1 in females. Postnatal diet significantly altered circulating fatty acid concentrations, with sex-specific differences in genes that control lipid metabolism in the adult offspring following exposure to high LA diet in utero.</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":66263813,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/46852846/Maternal_and_Postnatal_High_Linoleic_Acid_Diet_Impacts_Lipid_Metabolism_in_Adult_Rat_Offspring_in_a_Sex_Specific_Manner"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":66263813,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/46852846/Maternal_and_Postnatal_High_Linoleic_Acid_Diet_Impacts_Lipid_Metabolism_in_Adult_Rat_Offspring_in_a_Sex_Specific_Manner"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div></div><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-doc_id="66263813" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/46852846/Maternal_and_Postnatal_High_Linoleic_Acid_Diet_Impacts_Lipid_Metabolism_in_Adult_Rat_Offspring_in_a_Sex_Specific_Manner" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="ds-top-related-works--grid-container"><div class="ds-related-content--container ds-top-related-works--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="95558240" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/95558240/Maternal_diet_high_in_linoleic_acid_alters_offspring_fatty_acids_and_cardiovascular_function_in_a_rat_model">Maternal diet high in linoleic acid alters offspring fatty acids and cardiovascular function in a rat model</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="47729370" href="https://independent.academia.edu/THelman">Tessa Helman</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">British Journal of Nutrition, 2021</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Linoleic acid (LA), an essential n-6 fatty acid (FA), is critical for fetal development. We investigated the effects of maternal high LA (HLA) diet on offspring cardiac development and its relationship to circulating FA and cardiovascular function in adolescent offspring, and the ability of the postnatal diet to reverse any adverse effects. Female Wistar Kyoto rats were fed low LA (LLA; 1·44 % energy from LA) or high LA (HLA; 6·21 % energy from LA) diets for 10 weeks before pregnancy and during gestation/lactation. Offspring, weaned at postnatal day 25, were fed LLA or HLA diets and euthanised at postnatal day 40 (n 6–8). Maternal HLA diet decreased circulating total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol in females and decreased total plasma n-3 FA in males, while maternal and postnatal HLA diets decreased total plasma n-3 FA in females. α-Linolenic acid (ALA) and EPA were decreased by postnatal but not maternal HLA diets in both sexes. Maternal and postnatal HLA diets increased total pla...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Maternal diet high in linoleic acid alters offspring fatty acids and cardiovascular function in a rat model","attachmentId":97706445,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/95558240/Maternal_diet_high_in_linoleic_acid_alters_offspring_fatty_acids_and_cardiovascular_function_in_a_rat_model","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/95558240/Maternal_diet_high_in_linoleic_acid_alters_offspring_fatty_acids_and_cardiovascular_function_in_a_rat_model"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="124872677" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/124872677/Maternal_Diet_High_in_Linoleic_Acid_Alters_Offspring_Lipids_and_Hepatic_Regulators_of_Lipid_Metabolism_in_an_Adolescent_Rat_Model">Maternal Diet High in Linoleic Acid Alters Offspring Lipids and Hepatic Regulators of Lipid Metabolism in an Adolescent Rat Model</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="153030815" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SleepSimone">Simone Sleep</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2024</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Maternal Diet High in Linoleic Acid Alters Offspring Lipids and Hepatic Regulators of Lipid Metabolism in an Adolescent Rat Model","attachmentId":119018258,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/124872677/Maternal_Diet_High_in_Linoleic_Acid_Alters_Offspring_Lipids_and_Hepatic_Regulators_of_Lipid_Metabolism_in_an_Adolescent_Rat_Model","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/124872677/Maternal_Diet_High_in_Linoleic_Acid_Alters_Offspring_Lipids_and_Hepatic_Regulators_of_Lipid_Metabolism_in_an_Adolescent_Rat_Model"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="48691569" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/48691569/Maternal_Conjugated_Linoleic_Acid_Consumption_Prevented_Triacylglycerol_Alterations_Induced_by_a_High_Fat_Diet_in_Male_Adult_Rat_Offspring">Maternal Conjugated Linoleic Acid Consumption Prevented Triacylglycerol Alterations Induced by a High-Fat Diet in Male Adult Rat Offspring</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="36447613" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ClaudioBernal2">Claudio Bernal</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">British Journal of Nutrition</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Maternal nutritional programming by a high-fat (HF) diet is related to hepatic lipid accumulation and steatosis in offspring. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) might ameliorate impaired hepatic lipid homeostasis; therefore, the aim was to investigate the potential preventive effect of maternal CLA consumption on triacylglycerol (TAG) metabolism alterations induced by HF diets in adult male rat offspring receiving or not receiving CLA. Female Wistar rats were fed a control (C) diet, HF diet or HF diet supplemented with CLA (HF+CLA) for 4 weeks before mating and throughout pregnancy and lactation. After weaning, for 9 weeks, male offspring of C or HF rats continued with the same diets as their mothers (C/C or HF/HF groups, respectively), and male offspring of HF+CLA rats were fed HF or HF+CLA diets (HF+CLA/HF or HF+CLA/HF+CLA groups, respectively). Nutritional parameters, serum and liver TAG levels, the TAG secretion rate, and the activities as well as gene expression of key hepatic enzy...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Maternal Conjugated Linoleic Acid Consumption Prevented Triacylglycerol Alterations Induced by a High-Fat Diet in Male Adult Rat Offspring","attachmentId":67173397,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/48691569/Maternal_Conjugated_Linoleic_Acid_Consumption_Prevented_Triacylglycerol_Alterations_Induced_by_a_High_Fat_Diet_in_Male_Adult_Rat_Offspring","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/48691569/Maternal_Conjugated_Linoleic_Acid_Consumption_Prevented_Triacylglycerol_Alterations_Induced_by_a_High_Fat_Diet_in_Male_Adult_Rat_Offspring"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="48561241" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/48561241/Maternal_Linoleic_Acid_Overconsumption_Alters_Offspring_Gut_and_Adipose_Tissue_Homeostasis_in_Young_but_Not_Older_Adult_Rats">Maternal Linoleic Acid Overconsumption Alters Offspring Gut and Adipose Tissue Homeostasis in Young but Not Older Adult Rats</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="33755754" href="https://uclouvain.academia.edu/NathalieMDelzenne">Nathalie M. Delzenne</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Nutrients</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Maternal n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) consumption during gestation and lactation can predispose offspring to the development of metabolic diseases such as obesity later in life. However, the mechanisms underlying the potential programming effect of n-6 PUFA upon offspring physiology are not yet all established. Herein, we investigated the effects of maternal and weaning linoleic acid (LA)-rich diet interactions on gut intestinal and adipose tissue physiology in young (3-month-old) and older (6-month-old) adult offspring. Pregnant rats were fed a control diet (2% LA) or an LA-rich diet (12% LA) during gestation and lactation. At weaning, offspring were either maintained on the maternal diet or fed the other diet for 3 or 6 months. At 3 months of age, the maternal LA-diet favored low-grade inflammation and greater adiposity, while at 6 months of age, offspring intestinal barrier function, adipose tissue physiology and hepatic conjugated linoleic acids were strongly influence...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Maternal Linoleic Acid Overconsumption Alters Offspring Gut and Adipose Tissue Homeostasis in Young but Not Older Adult Rats","attachmentId":67108532,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/48561241/Maternal_Linoleic_Acid_Overconsumption_Alters_Offspring_Gut_and_Adipose_Tissue_Homeostasis_in_Young_but_Not_Older_Adult_Rats","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/48561241/Maternal_Linoleic_Acid_Overconsumption_Alters_Offspring_Gut_and_Adipose_Tissue_Homeostasis_in_Young_but_Not_Older_Adult_Rats"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="110667441" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/110667441/Conjugated_Linoleic_Acid_Supplementation_Improves_Maternal_High_Fat_Diet_Induced_Programming_of_Metabolic_Dysfunction_in_Adult_Male_Rat_Offspring">Conjugated Linoleic Acid Supplementation Improves Maternal High Fat Diet-Induced Programming of Metabolic Dysfunction in Adult Male Rat Offspring</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="29330761" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MarkVickers1">Mark Vickers</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Scientific Reports, 2017</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Conjugated Linoleic Acid Supplementation Improves Maternal High Fat Diet-Induced Programming of Metabolic Dysfunction in Adult Male Rat Offspring","attachmentId":108413695,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/110667441/Conjugated_Linoleic_Acid_Supplementation_Improves_Maternal_High_Fat_Diet_Induced_Programming_of_Metabolic_Dysfunction_in_Adult_Male_Rat_Offspring","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/110667441/Conjugated_Linoleic_Acid_Supplementation_Improves_Maternal_High_Fat_Diet_Induced_Programming_of_Metabolic_Dysfunction_in_Adult_Male_Rat_Offspring"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="25694042" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/25694042/Linoleic_and_a_linolenic_fatty_acid_consumption_over_three_generations_exert_cumulative_regulation_of_hepatic_expression_of_genes_related_to_lipid_metabolism">Linoleic and a-linolenic fatty acid consumption over three generations exert cumulative regulation of hepatic expression of genes related to lipid metabolism</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="49372972" href="https://ttu.academia.edu/FernandaRosa">Fernanda Rosa</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The essential fatty acids, omega-3 and omega-6, consumed during pregnancy can benefit maternal and offspring health. For instance, they could activate a network of genes related to the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor a (Ppara) and sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1 (Srebf1), which play a role in fatty acid oxidation and lipogenesis. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of diets with different omega-3/omega-6 ratio consumed over three generations on blood biochemical parameters and hepatic expression of Ppara-and Srebf1-related genes. During three consecutive generations adult Wistar rats were evaluated in the postpartum period (21 days after parturition). Regardless of prenatal dietary omega-3/omega-6 ratio, an upregulation in liver tissue was observed for Rxra, Lxra and Srebf1 and a downregulation for Fasn in all the evaluated generations. The diet with higher omega-3/omega-6 ratio decreased triacylglycerol serum levels and resulted in a constant non-esterified fatty acid level. Our results indicated that the PUFAs effect on the modulation of genes related to fatty acid oxidation and lipogenesis is cumulative through generations.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Linoleic and a-linolenic fatty acid consumption over three generations exert cumulative regulation of hepatic expression of genes related to lipid metabolism","attachmentId":46036747,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/25694042/Linoleic_and_a_linolenic_fatty_acid_consumption_over_three_generations_exert_cumulative_regulation_of_hepatic_expression_of_genes_related_to_lipid_metabolism","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/25694042/Linoleic_and_a_linolenic_fatty_acid_consumption_over_three_generations_exert_cumulative_regulation_of_hepatic_expression_of_genes_related_to_lipid_metabolism"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="27862241" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/27862241/Linoleic_and_%CE%B1_linolenic_fatty_acid_consumption_over_three_generations_exert_cumulative_regulation_of_hepatic_expression_of_genes_related_to_lipid_metabolism">Linoleic and α-linolenic fatty acid consumption over three generations exert cumulative regulation of hepatic expression of genes related to lipid metabolism</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="52208702" href="https://independent.academia.edu/NelsonDionello">Nelson Dionello</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Genes & Nutrition, 2014</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Linoleic and α-linolenic fatty acid consumption over three generations exert cumulative regulation of hepatic expression of genes related to lipid metabolism","attachmentId":48146671,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/27862241/Linoleic_and_%CE%B1_linolenic_fatty_acid_consumption_over_three_generations_exert_cumulative_regulation_of_hepatic_expression_of_genes_related_to_lipid_metabolism","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/27862241/Linoleic_and_%CE%B1_linolenic_fatty_acid_consumption_over_three_generations_exert_cumulative_regulation_of_hepatic_expression_of_genes_related_to_lipid_metabolism"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="62319164" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/62319164/Sex_Specific_Differences_in_Lysine_3_Hydroxybutyric_Acid_and_Acetic_Acid_in_Offspring_Exposed_to_Maternal_and_Postnatal_High_Linoleic_Acid_Diet_Independent_of_Diet">Sex-Specific Differences in Lysine, 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid and Acetic Acid in Offspring Exposed to Maternal and Postnatal High Linoleic Acid Diet, Independent of Diet</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="812141" href="https://griffith.academia.edu/StevenMelvin">Steven Melvin</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">International Journal of Molecular Sciences</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Background: Linoleic acid (LA) is an essential polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) that is required for foetal growth and development. Excess intake of LA can be detrimental for metabolic health due to its pro-inflammatory properties; however, the effect of a diet high in LA on offspring metabolites is unknown. In this study, we aimed to determine the role of maternal or postnatal high linoleic acid (HLA) diet on plasma metabolites in adult offspring. Methods: Female Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats were fed with either low LA (LLA) or HLA diet for 10 weeks prior to conception and during gestation/lactation. Offspring were weaned at postnatal day 25 (PN25), treated with either LLA or HLA diets and sacrificed at PN180. Metabolite analysis was performed in plasma samples using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. Results: Maternal and postnatal HLA diet did not alter plasma metabolites in male and female adult offspring. There was no specific clustering among different treatment groups as demonstrated by...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Sex-Specific Differences in Lysine, 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid and Acetic Acid in Offspring Exposed to Maternal and Postnatal High Linoleic Acid Diet, Independent of Diet","attachmentId":75126037,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/62319164/Sex_Specific_Differences_in_Lysine_3_Hydroxybutyric_Acid_and_Acetic_Acid_in_Offspring_Exposed_to_Maternal_and_Postnatal_High_Linoleic_Acid_Diet_Independent_of_Diet","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/62319164/Sex_Specific_Differences_in_Lysine_3_Hydroxybutyric_Acid_and_Acetic_Acid_in_Offspring_Exposed_to_Maternal_and_Postnatal_High_Linoleic_Acid_Diet_Independent_of_Diet"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="55900171" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/55900171/The_effect_of_maternal_dietary_fat_content_and_n_6_n_3_ratio_on_offspring_growth_and_hepatic_gene_expression_in_the_rat">The effect of maternal dietary fat content and n-6:n-3 ratio on offspring growth and hepatic gene expression in the rat</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="44456313" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MElmes">Matthew Elmes</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">British Journal of Nutrition</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">n-6 Fatty acids have been shown to exert pro-adipogenic effects, whereas n-3 fatty acids work in opposition. Increasing intakes of linoleic acid (LA; n-6) v. α-linolenic acid (ALA; n-3) in Western diets has led to the hypothesis that consumption of this diet during pregnancy may be contributing to adverse offspring health. This study investigated the effects of feeding a maternal dietary LA:ALA ratio similar to that of the Western diet (9:1) compared with a proposed ‘ideal’ ratio (about 1:1·5), at two total fat levels (18 v. 36 % fat, w/w), on growth and lipogenic gene expression in the offspring. Female Wistar rats were assigned to one of the four experimental groups throughout gestation and lactation. Offspring were culled at 1 and 2 weeks of age for sample collection. Offspring of dams consuming a 36 % fat diet were approximately 20 % lighter than those exposed to an 18 % fat diet (P &lt; 0·001). Male, but not female, liver weight at 1 week was approximately 13 % heavier and had ...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The effect of maternal dietary fat content and n-6:n-3 ratio on offspring growth and hepatic gene expression in the rat","attachmentId":71550132,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/55900171/The_effect_of_maternal_dietary_fat_content_and_n_6_n_3_ratio_on_offspring_growth_and_hepatic_gene_expression_in_the_rat","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/55900171/The_effect_of_maternal_dietary_fat_content_and_n_6_n_3_ratio_on_offspring_growth_and_hepatic_gene_expression_in_the_rat"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="110667442" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/110667442/Conjugated_Linoleic_Acid_Supplementation_During_Pregnancy_and_Lactation_Reduces_Maternal_High_Fat_Diet_Induced_Programming_of_Early_Onset_Puberty_and_Hyperlipidemia_in_Female_Rat_Offspring1">Conjugated Linoleic Acid Supplementation During Pregnancy and Lactation Reduces Maternal High-Fat-Diet-Induced Programming of Early-Onset Puberty and Hyperlipidemia in Female Rat Offspring1</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="29330761" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MarkVickers1">Mark Vickers</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Biology of Reproduction, 2015</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Conjugated Linoleic Acid Supplementation During Pregnancy and Lactation Reduces Maternal High-Fat-Diet-Induced Programming of Early-Onset Puberty and Hyperlipidemia in Female Rat Offspring1","attachmentId":108413760,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/110667442/Conjugated_Linoleic_Acid_Supplementation_During_Pregnancy_and_Lactation_Reduces_Maternal_High_Fat_Diet_Induced_Programming_of_Early_Onset_Puberty_and_Hyperlipidemia_in_Female_Rat_Offspring1","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/110667442/Conjugated_Linoleic_Acid_Supplementation_During_Pregnancy_and_Lactation_Reduces_Maternal_High_Fat_Diet_Induced_Programming_of_Early_Onset_Puberty_and_Hyperlipidemia_in_Female_Rat_Offspring1"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":66263813,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":66263813,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_66263813" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sidebar--container js-work-sidebar"><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="11872738" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11872738/Conjugated_Linoleic_Acid_Supplementation_During_Pregnancy_and_Lactation_Reduces_Maternal_High_Fat_Diet_Induced_Programming_of_Early_Onset_Puberty_and_Hyperlipidemia_in_Female_Rat_Offspring">Conjugated Linoleic Acid Supplementation During Pregnancy and Lactation Reduces Maternal High-Fat Diet Induced Programming of Early Onset Puberty and Hyperlipidemia in Female Rat Offspring</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="29330761" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MarkVickers1">Mark Vickers</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Conjugated Linoleic Acid Supplementation During Pregnancy and Lactation Reduces Maternal High-Fat Diet Induced Programming of Early Onset Puberty and Hyperlipidemia in Female Rat Offspring","attachmentId":46470980,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/11872738/Conjugated_Linoleic_Acid_Supplementation_During_Pregnancy_and_Lactation_Reduces_Maternal_High_Fat_Diet_Induced_Programming_of_Early_Onset_Puberty_and_Hyperlipidemia_in_Female_Rat_Offspring","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/11872738/Conjugated_Linoleic_Acid_Supplementation_During_Pregnancy_and_Lactation_Reduces_Maternal_High_Fat_Diet_Induced_Programming_of_Early_Onset_Puberty_and_Hyperlipidemia_in_Female_Rat_Offspring"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="79236230" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/79236230/Reduced_linoleic_acid_intake_in_early_postnatal_life_improves_metabolic_outcomes_in_adult_rodents_following_a_Western_style_diet_challenge">Reduced linoleic acid intake in early postnatal life improves metabolic outcomes in adult rodents following a Western-style diet challenge</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="176555751" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AnnemarieOosting">Annemarie Oosting</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Nutrition research (New York, N.Y.), 2015</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Reduced linoleic acid intake in early postnatal life improves metabolic outcomes in adult rodents following a Western-style diet challenge","attachmentId":86018796,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/79236230/Reduced_linoleic_acid_intake_in_early_postnatal_life_improves_metabolic_outcomes_in_adult_rodents_following_a_Western_style_diet_challenge","alternativeTracking":true}"><span 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