CINXE.COM
(IUCr) C.G. Barkla
<!DOCTYPE html> <!-- Template Name: Escarine-Edu Author: <a href="http://www.os-templates.com/">OS Templates</a> Author URI: http://www.os-templates.com/ Licence: Free to use under our free template licence terms Licence URI: http://www.os-templates.com/template-terms --> <!-- modified with permission by IUCr --> <html> <head> <script src="https://journals.iucr.org/javascript/analytics.js"></script> <title>(IUCr) C.G. Barkla</title> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, user-scalable=no"> <meta name="DC.title" content="C.G. Barkla"> <link href="https://www.iucr.org/__data/assets/css_file/0020/129404/fontawesome-4.4.0.min.css?v=0.1.10" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="all"> <link href="https://www.iucr.org/__data/assets/css_file/0006/129399/college-font.css?v=0.1.4" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="all"> <link href="https://www.iucr.org/__data/assets/css_file/0018/129402/framework.css?v=0.1.4" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="all"> <link href="https://www.iucr.org/__data/assets/css_file/0008/129392/layout.css?v=0.1.22" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="all"> <link href="https://www.iucr.org/__data/assets/css_file/0011/129764/iucr.css?v=0.1.206" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="all"> <link href="https://www.iucr.org/__data/assets/css_file/0006/138426/newsletter.css?v=0.1.26" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="all"> <link href="https://www.iucr.org/__data/assets/css_file/0003/147585/slimbox2.css?v=0.0.2" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="all" /> <script src="https://www.iucr.org/__data/assets/js_file/0003/129414/jquery.min.js?v=0.1.1"></script> <script src="https://www.iucr.org/__data/assets/js_file/0006/129417/jquery-ui.min.js?v=0.1.1"></script> <script>function onLoad(){}; /* placeholder - may be replaced by special_scripts */</script> <!-- for timelines --> <script> var Timeline_ajax_url="https://www.iucr.org/__data/iucr/js/timeline_2.3.0/src/ajax/api/simile-ajax-api.js"; var Timeline_urlPrefix='https://www.iucr.org/__data/iucr/js/timeline_2.3.0/src/webapp/api/'; </script> <script src="//www.iucr.org/__data/iucr/js/timeline_2.3.0/src/webapp/api/timeline-api.js" type="text/javascript"> </script> <!-- end of setup for timelines --> </head> <body id="top" onload="onLoad();window.focus();tabberAutomatic();"> <!-- ######################################################################################## --> <!-- ##################### TOP BAR WITH SIGN-IN AND SOCIAL MEDIA ############################ --> <!-- ######################################################################################## --> <div class="wrapper row0"> <div id="topbar" class="clear"> <!-- ######################################################################################## --> <div class="fl_left"> <ul class="nospace inline pushright"> <li> </li> <li><a href="/welcome.html"><img src=https://www.iucr.org/__data/assets/image/0008/130301/IUCr-logo-White.png style="width:23px;" /></a></li> <li><a href="//journals.iucr.org/"><img src=https://www.iucr.org/__data/assets/image/0012/130305/iucr_journals_white.png style="width:22px;" /></a></li> <li><i class="fa fa-user"></i> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/login">Login</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="fl_right"> <ul class="faico clear"> <!-- <li><a href="/cgi-bin/iucrsearch"><img src="https://www.iucr.org/__data/assets/image/0017/150218/search-icon.png"></a></li> --> <li><form method="GET" action="https://www.iucr.org/cgi-bin/iucrsearch" enctype="application/x-www-form-urlencoded" class="form"><input maxlength="200" value="" name="query" class="inlinesearch" type="text" size="16"><input value="Search" name="submit" style="display:none;" type="submit"><br> </form><img src="https://www.iucr.org/__data/assets/image/0017/150218/search-icon.png" style="width:20px;"></li> <li><a class="faicon-facebook" href="https://www.facebook.com/iucr.org"><i class="fa fa-facebook"></i></a></li> <li><a class="faicon-twitter" href="https://twitter.com/IUCr"><i class="fa fa-twitter"></i></a></li> <li><a class="faicon-linkedin" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/5334871?trk=tyah&trkInfo=clickedVertical%3Acompany%2CclickedEntityId%3A5334871%2Cidx%3A3-1-3%2CtarId%3A1486115202109%2Ctas%3Ainternational%20union%20of%20crystall"><i class="fa fa-linkedin"></i></a></li> <li><a class="faicon-rss" href="https://www.iucr.org/news/rss-feeds"><i class="fa fa-rss"></i></a></li> </ul> </div> <!-- ######################################################################################## --> </div> </div> <!-- ####################################################################################### --> <!-- ##################################### MAIN SITE MENU ################################## --> <!-- ####################################################################################### --> <div class="wrapper row3"> <header id="header" class="hoc clear"> <!-- ######################################################################################## --> <nav id="mainav" class="fl_right"> <ul class="clear"> <li><a class="drop" href="https://www.iucr.org/iucr">The IUCr</a> <ul> <li> <a class="drop" href="https://www.iucr.org/iucr/governance">governance</a> <ul> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/iucr/governance/ga">general assembly</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/iucr/governance/ec">executive committee</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/iucr/governance/finance.html">finance committee</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/iucr/governance/advisory-committees">advisory committees</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/iucr/governance/secretariat">secretariat</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/iucr/governance/statutes-and-by-laws">statutes and by-laws</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/iucr/governance/mediaenquiries">Media Enquiries</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a class="drop" href="https://www.iucr.org/iucr/ab.html">membership</a> <ul> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/iucr/ab.html/adhering-bodies">adhering bodies</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/iucr/ab.html/regional-associates">regional associates</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/iucr/ab.html/scientific-associates">scientific associates</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/iucr/ab.html/other-bodies">other bodies</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a class="drop" href="https://www.iucr.org/iucr/commissions">commissions</a> <ul> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/iucr/commissions/principles">principles</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/iucr/commissions/aperiodic-crystals">aperiodic crystals</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/iucr/commissions/biological-macromolecules">biological macromolecules</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/iucr/commissions/crystal-growth">crystal growth and characterization of materials</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/iucr/commissions/crystallographic-computing">crystallographic computing</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/iucr/commissions/nomenclature">crystallographic nomenclature</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/iucr/commissions/teaching">crystallographic teaching</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/iucr/commissions/art-and-cultural-heritage">crystallography in art and cultural heritage</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/iucr/commissions/crystallography-of-materials">crystallography of materials</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/iucr/commissions/diffraction-microstructure-imaging">diffraction microstructure imaging</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/iucr/commissions/electron-crystallography">electron crystallography</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/iucr/commissions/high-pressure">high pressure</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/iucr/commissions/inorganic-and-mineral-structures">inorganic and mineral structures</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/iucr/commissions/international-tables">international tables</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/iucr/commissions/journals">journals</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/iucr/commissions/magnetic-structures">magnetic structures</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/iucr/commissions/mathematical-and-theoretical-crystallography">mathematical and theoretical crystallography</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/iucr/commissions/neutron-scattering">neutron scattering</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/iucr/commissions/nmr-crystallography">nmr crystallography</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/iucr/commissions/powder-diffraction">powder diffraction</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/iucr/commissions/quantum-crystallography">quantum crystallography</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/iucr/commissions/small-angle-scattering">small-angle scattering</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/iucr/commissions/structural-chemistry">structural chemistry</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/iucr/commissions/synchrotron-radiation">synchrotron and xfel radiation</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/iucr/commissions/xafs">xafs</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a class="drop" href="https://www.iucr.org/iucr/principles-and-policies">policies</a> </li> <li> <a class="drop" href="https://www.iucr.org/iucr/ewald-prize">ewald prize</a> </li> <li> <a class="drop" href="https://www.iucr.org/iucr/bragg-prize">bragg prize</a> </li> <li> <a class="drop" href="https://www.iucr.org/iucr/struchkov-prize">struchkov prize</a> </li> <li> <a class="drop" href="https://www.iucr.org/iucr/cong">congress</a> <ul> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/iucr/cong/2029-iucr-xxviii">2029 iucr xxviiI</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/iucr/cong/2026-iucr-xxvii">2026 iucr xxvii</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/iucr/cong/2023-iucr-xxvi">2023 iucr xxvi</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/iucr/cong/iucr-xxv">2021 iucr xxv</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/iucr/cong/iucr-xxiv">2017 iucr xxiv</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/iucr/cong/iucr-xxiii">2014 iucr xxiii</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/iucr/cong/iucr-xxii">2011 iucr xxii</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/iucr/cong/iucr-xxi">2008 iucr xxi</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/iucr/cong/iucr-xx">2005 iucr xx</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/iucr/cong/iucr-xix">2002 iucr xix</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/iucr/cong/iucr-xviii">1999 iucr xviii</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/iucr/cong/iucr-xvii">1996 iucr xvii</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/iucr/cong/iucr-xvi">1993 iucr xvi</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/iucr/cong/iucr-xv">1990 iucr xv</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/iucr/cong/iucr-xiv">1987 iucr xiv</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/iucr/cong/iucr-xiii">1984 iucr xiii</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/iucr/cong/iucr-xii">1981 iucr xii</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/iucr/cong/iucr-xi">1978 iucr xi</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/iucr/cong/iucr-x">1975 iucr x</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/iucr/cong/iucr-ix">1972 iucr ix</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/iucr/cong/iucr-viii">1969 iucr viii</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/iucr/cong/iucr-vii">1966 iucr vii</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/iucr/cong/iucr-vi">1963 iucr vi</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/iucr/cong/iucr-v">1960 iucr v</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/iucr/cong/iucr-iv">1957 iucr iv</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/iucr/cong/iucr-iii">1954 iucr iii</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/iucr/cong/iucr-ii">1951 iucr ii</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/iucr/cong/iucr-i">1948 iucr i</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a class="drop" href="https://www.iucr.org/iucr/sponsorship">support</a> <ul> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/iucr/sponsorship/vp.html">visiting professorships</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/iucr/sponsorship/meetings.html">meetings</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/iucr/sponsorship/crystallography-in-africa">africa</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/iucr/sponsorship/iucr-outreach-fund">outreach and education</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a class="drop" href="https://www.iucr.org/iucr/history">history</a> <ul> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/iucr/history/aspects">aspects</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/iucr/history/early-history">early history</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/iucr/history/journals-history">journals history</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/iucr/history/extension">extension</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/iucr/history/previous">previous executive committees</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/iucr/history/photos">photos of crystallographers</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/iucr/history/xray-diffraction">50 years of x-ray diffraction</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li><a class="drop" href="https://www.iucr.org/news">news</a> <ul> <li> <a class="drop" href="https://www.iucr.org/news/whats-new">what's new</a> <ul> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/news/whats-new/whats-new-by-date">what's new by date</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/news/whats-new/announcements2">announcements</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/news/whats-new/employment">jobs</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/news/whats-new/journal-issues">journal issues</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/news/whats-new/meetings">meetings</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/news/whats-new/software">software</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a class="drop" href="https://www.iucr.org/news/newsletter">newsletter</a> <ul> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/news/newsletter/index">index</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/news/newsletter/archive">archive</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/news/newsletter/editorial-board">editorial board</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/news/newsletter/volume-32">volume 32</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/news/newsletter/volume-31">volume 31</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/news/newsletter/volume-30">volume 30</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/news/newsletter/volume-29">volume 29</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/news/newsletter/volume-28">volume 28</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/news/newsletter/volume-27">volume 27</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/news/newsletter/volume-26">volume 26</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/news/newsletter/volume-25">volume 25</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/news/newsletter/volume-24">volume 24</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/news/newsletter/volume-23">volume 23</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/news/newsletter/volume-22">volume 22</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/news/newsletter/volume-21">volume 21</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/news/newsletter/volume-20">volume 20</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/news/newsletter/volume-19">volume 19</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/news/newsletter/volume-18">volume 18</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/news/newsletter/volume-17">volume 17</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/news/newsletter/volume-16">volume 16</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/news/newsletter/volume-15">volume 15</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/news/newsletter/volume-14">volume 14</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/news/newsletter/volume-13">volume 13</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/news/newsletter/volume-12">volume 12</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/news/newsletter/volume-11">volume 11</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/news/newsletter/volume-10">volume 10</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/news/newsletter/volume-9">volume 9</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/news/newsletter/volume-8">volume 8</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/news/newsletter/volume-7">volume 7</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/news/newsletter/volume-6">volume 6</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/news/newsletter/volume-5">volume 5</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/news/newsletter/volume-4">volume 4</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/news/newsletter/volume-3">volume 3</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/news/newsletter/volume-2">volume 2</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/news/newsletter/volume-1">volume 1</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/news/newsletter/advertise">advertise</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/news/newsletter/submit">submit</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a class="drop" href="https://www.iucr.org/news/announcements">announcements</a> </li> <li> <a class="drop" href="https://www.iucr.org/news/jobs">jobs</a> </li> <li> <a class="drop" href="https://www.iucr.org/news/meetings">meetings</a> </li> <li> <a class="drop" href="https://www.iucr.org/news/meeting-reports">meeting reports</a> <ul> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/news/meeting-reports/21st-iucr-congress">21st iucr congress</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/news/meeting-reports/iucr-newsletter">iucr newsletter</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/news/meeting-reports/meeting-reports">data-related meetings</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/news/meeting-reports/sponsored-meetings">sponsored meetings</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/news/meeting-reports/by-country">by country</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a class="drop" href="https://www.iucr.org/news/rss-feeds">rss feeds</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li><a class="drop" href="https://www.iucr.org/publications">publications</a> <ul> <li> <a class="drop" href="https://www.iucr.org/publications/journals">IUCr Journals</a> <ul> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/publications/journals/acta-a">Acta A</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/publications/journals/acta-b">Acta B</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/publications/journals/acta-c">Acta C</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/publications/journals/acta-d">Acta D</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/publications/journals/acta-e">Acta E</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/publications/journals/acta-f">Acta F</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/publications/journals/iucrj">IUCrJ</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/publications/journals/jac">JAC</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/publications/journals/jsr">JSR</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/publications/journals/iucrdata">IUCrData</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a class="drop" href="https://www.iucr.org/publications/international-tables-for-crystallography-online">International Tables (online)</a> </li> <li> <a class="drop" href="https://www.iucr.org/publications/international-tables-print">International Tables (print)</a> </li> <li> <a class="drop" href="https://www.iucr.org/publications/newsletter">Newsletter</a> </li> <li> <a class="drop" href="https://www.iucr.org/publications/iucr">IUCr Books</a> </li> <li> <a class="drop" href="https://www.iucr.org/publications/iucr-oup">IUCr/OUP Book Series</a> </li> <li> <a class="drop" href="https://www.iucr.org/publications/other">Other Book Series</a> </li> <li> <a class="drop" href="https://www.iucr.org/publications/teaching-pamphlets">Teaching Pamphlets</a> </li> <li> <a class="drop" href="https://www.iucr.org/publications/springerbriefs-in-crystallography">SpringerBriefs in Crystallography</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li><a class="current" href="https://www.iucr.org/people">people</a> <ul> <li> <a class="drop" href="https://www.iucr.org/people/wdc">world directory</a> <ul> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/wdc/help">help</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/wdc/ealert">ealerts</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/wdc/special-offers">special offers</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/wdc/about">about</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a class="drop" href="https://www.iucr.org/people/employment">jobs</a> </li> <li> <a class="drop" href="https://www.iucr.org/people/ewald-prize">ewald prize</a> </li> <li> <a class="drop" href="https://www.iucr.org/people/bragg-prize">bragg prize</a> </li> <li> <a class="current" href="https://www.iucr.org/people/nobel-prize">nobel prize</a> <ul> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/nobel-prize/all">all</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/nobel-prize/agre">agre</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/nobel-prize/anfinsen">anfinsen</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/nobel-prize/baker">baker</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/nobel-prize/barkla">barkla</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/nobel-prize/boyer">boyer</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/nobel-prize/w.h.bragg">w.h.bragg</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/nobel-prize/w.l.bragg">w.l.bragg</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/nobel-prize/brockhouse">brockhouse</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/nobel-prize/debroglie">de broglie</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/nobel-prize/charpak">charpak</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/nobel-prize/compton">compton</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/nobel-prize/crick">crick</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/nobel-prize/rfcurljr">curl</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/nobel-prize/davisson">davisson</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/nobel-prize/debye">debye</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/nobel-prize/deisenhofer">deisenhofer</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/nobel-prize/doudna">doudna</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/nobel-prize/geim">geim</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/nobel-prize/degennes">de gennes</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/nobel-prize/feringa">feringa</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/nobel-prize/hauptman">hauptman</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/nobel-prize/hodgkin">hodgkin</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/nobel-prize/huber2">huber</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/nobel-prize/julius">julius</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/nobel-prize/karle">karle</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/nobel-prize/karplus">karplus</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/nobel-prize/kendrew">kendrew</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/nobel-prize/klug">klug</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/nobel-prize/kobilka">kobilka</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/nobel-prize/kornberg">kornberg</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/nobel-prize/kroto">kroto</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/nobel-prize/laue">laue</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/nobel-prize/lefkowitz">lefkowitz</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/nobel-prize/m.-levitt">levitt</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/nobel-prize/lipscomb">lipscomb</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/nobel-prize/mackinnon">mackinnon</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/nobel-prize/michel">michel</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/nobel-prize/novoselov">novoselov</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/nobel-prize/patapoutian">patapoutian</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/nobel-prize/pauling">pauling</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/nobel-prize/perutz">perutz</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/nobel-prize/ramakrishnan">ramakrishnan</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/nobel-prize/roentgen">roentgen</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/nobel-prize/j.-p.-sauvage">sauvage</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/nobel-prize/shechtman">shechtman</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/nobel-prize/shull">shull</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/nobel-prize/skou">skou</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/nobel-prize/smalley">smalley</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/nobel-prize/steitz">steitz</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/nobel-prize/stoddart">stoddart</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/nobel-prize/sumner">sumner</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/nobel-prize/thomson">thomson</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/nobel-prize/walker">walker</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/nobel-prize/a.-warshel">warshel</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/nobel-prize/watson">watson</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/nobel-prize/wilkins">wilkins</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/nobel-prize/yonath">yonath</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a class="drop" href="https://www.iucr.org/people/crystallographers">crystallographers</a> </li> <li> <a class="drop" href="https://www.iucr.org/people/photos">photos</a> </li> <li> <a class="drop" href="https://www.iucr.org/people/associates">associates</a> <ul> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/associates/faqs">faqs</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/associates/joining-fees">fees</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/associates/corporate">corporate</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li><a class="drop" href="https://www.iucr.org/resources">resources</a> <ul> <li> <a class="drop" href="https://www.iucr.org/resources/world-directory">world directory</a> </li> <li> <a class="drop" href="https://www.iucr.org/resources/other-directories">other directories</a> <ul> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/resources/other-directories/facilities">facilities</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/resources/other-directories/organizations">organizations</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/resources/other-directories/software">software</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/resources/other-directories/suppliers">suppliers</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a class="drop" href="https://www.iucr.org/resources/data">data</a> <ul> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/resources/data/databases">databases</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/resources/data/datasets">data sets</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/resources/data/meeting-reports">data-related meetings</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/resources/data/dddwg">dddwg</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/resources/data/commdat">commdat</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a class="drop" href="https://www.iucr.org/resources/cif">cif</a> <ul> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/resources/cif/spec">specification</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/resources/cif/documentation">documentation</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/resources/cif/software">software</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/resources/cif/comcifs">comcifs</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/resources/cif/ddl">ddl</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/resources/cif/dictionaries">dictionaries</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/resources/cif/checkcif">checkcif</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/resources/cif/cif2">cif2</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a class="drop" href="https://www.iucr.org/resources/lists">lists</a> <ul> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/resources/lists/compcomm">compcomm</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/resources/lists/teaching-commission">teaching-commission</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/resources/lists/epc">epc</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/resources/lists/ecacomsig">ecacomsig</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/resources/lists/cif-developers">cif-developers</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/resources/lists/comcifs">comcifs</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/resources/lists/coredmg">coredmg</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/resources/lists/corecifchem">corecifchem</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/resources/lists/magcif">magcif</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/resources/lists/hpc">high-pressure-crystallography</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/resources/lists/ddlm-group">ddlm-group</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/resources/lists/cif2-encoding">cif2-encoding</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/resources/lists/pddmg">pddmg</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/resources/lists/imgcif-l">imgcif-l</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/resources/lists/sa_scat">sa_scat</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a class="drop" href="https://www.iucr.org/resources/blogs">blogs</a> <ul> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/resources/blogs/crystal-mathematician">Crystal Mathematician</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/resources/blogs/crystallites">Crystallites: news and opinion in crystallography</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a class="drop" href="https://www.iucr.org/resources/forums">forums</a> </li> <li> <a class="drop" href="https://www.iucr.org/resources/commissions">commissions</a> <ul> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/resources/commissions/aperiodic">aperiodic crystals</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/resources/commissions/biological-macromolecules">biological macromolecules</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/resources/commissions/crystal-growth">crystal growth and characterization of materials</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/resources/commissions/computing">crystallographic computing</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/resources/commissions/crystallographic-nomenclature">crystallographic nomenclature</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/resources/commissions/crystallographic-teaching">crystallographic teaching</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/resources/commissions/crysac">crystallography in art and cultural heritage</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/resources/commissions/crystallography-of-materials">crystallography of materials</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/resources/commissions/diffraction-microstructure-imaging">diffraction microstructure imaging</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/resources/commissions/electron-crystallography">electron crystallography</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/resources/commissions/high-pressure">high pressure</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/resources/commissions/inorganic">inorganic and mineral structures</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/resources/commissions/international-tables">international tables</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/resources/commissions/journals">journals</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/resources/commissions/magnetic-structures">magnetic structures</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/resources/commissions/math">mathematical and theoretical crystallography</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/resources/commissions/neutron-scattering">neutron scattering</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/resources/commissions/nmr-crystallography">NMR crystallography</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/resources/commissions/powder-diffraction">powder diffraction</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/resources/commissions/csmd">quantum crystallography</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/resources/commissions/small-angle-scattering">small-angle scattering</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/resources/commissions/structural-chemistry">structural chemistry</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/resources/commissions/synchrotron-radiation">synchrotron radiation</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/resources/commissions/xafs">xafs</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a class="drop" href="https://www.iucr.org/resources/nexus">nexus</a> </li> <li> <a class="drop" href="https://www.iucr.org/resources/symmetry-font">symmetry font</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li><a class="drop" href="https://www.iucr.org/education">education</a> <ul> <li> <a class="drop" href="https://www.iucr.org/education/commission">teaching commission</a> </li> <li> <a class="drop" href="https://www.iucr.org/education/pamphlets">pamphlets</a> <ul> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/education/pamphlets/1">1</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/education/pamphlets/2">2</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/education/pamphlets/3">3</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/education/pamphlets/4">4</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/education/pamphlets/5">5</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/education/pamphlets/6">6</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/education/pamphlets/7">7</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/education/pamphlets/8">8</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/education/pamphlets/9">9</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/education/pamphlets/10">10</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/education/pamphlets/11">11</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/education/pamphlets/12">12</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/education/pamphlets/13">13</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/education/pamphlets/14">14</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/education/pamphlets/15">15</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/education/pamphlets/16">16</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/education/pamphlets/17">17</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/education/pamphlets/18">18</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/education/pamphlets/19">19</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/education/pamphlets/20">20</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/education/pamphlets/21">21</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/education/pamphlets/22">22</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/education/pamphlets/23">23</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a class="drop" href="https://www.iucr.org/education/teaching-resources">teaching resources</a> <ul> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/education/teaching-resources/crystal-growing">crystal growing</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/education/teaching-resources/polyhedral-models">polyhedral models</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/education/teaching-resources/bragg-lecture-2001">bragg lecture 2001</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/education/teaching-resources/symmetry-font">symmetry font</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/education/teaching-resources/bernal-essay">bernal essay</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/education/teaching-resources/lonsdale-lecture-2011">lonsdale lecture 2011</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/education/teaching-resources/erice-2011">erice 2011</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a class="drop" href="https://www.iucr.org/education/online-dictionary">online dictionary</a> </li> <li> <a class="drop" href="https://www.iucr.org/education/resources">web resources</a> <ul> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/education/resources/archived">archived</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a class="drop" href="https://www.iucr.org/education/young-scientists">young scientists</a> <ul> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/education/young-scientists/how-to-publish">how to publish</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a class="drop" href="https://www.iucr.org/education/presentations">presentations</a> <ul> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/education/presentations/crystallography-and-sustainability">crystallography and sustainability</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li><a class="drop" href="https://www.iucr.org/outreach">outreach</a> <ul> <li> <a class="drop" href="https://www.iucr.org/outreach/crystallography-around-the-world">crystallography around the world</a> </li> <li> <a class="drop" href="https://www.iucr.org/outreach/openlabs">openlabs</a> <ul> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/outreach/openlabs/calendar">calendar</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/outreach/openlabs/bruker-openlab-kenya">Bruker OpenLab Kenya</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/outreach/openlabs/laaamp-bruker-openlab-benin-2">LAAAMP Bruker OpenLab Benin 2</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/outreach/openlabs/bruker-openlab-congo-brazzavill">Bruker OpenLab Congo-Brazzaville</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/outreach/openlabs/laaamp-bruker-openlab-benin">LAAAMP Bruker OpenLab Benin</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/outreach/openlabs/bruker-openlab-ghana-2">Bruker OpenLab Ghana</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/outreach/openlabs/malvern-panalytical-openlab-turkey-2">Malvern Panalytical OpenLab Turkey 2</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/outreach/openlabs/openlab-ivory-coast">Bruker OpenLab C么te d'Ivoire</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/outreach/openlabs/openlab-costa-rica">LAAMP OpenLab Costa Rica</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/outreach/openlabs/iucr-iupap-ictp-openlab-senegal">IUCr-IUPAP-ICTP OpenLab Senegal</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/outreach/openlabs/bruker-openlab-cameroon">Bruker OpenLab Cameroon</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/outreach/openlabs/rigaku-openlab-bolivia">Rigaku OpenLab Bolivia</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/outreach/openlabs/bruker-openlab-albania">Bruker OpenLab Albania</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/outreach/openlabs/bruker-openlab-uruguay-2">Bruker OpenLab Uruguay 2</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/outreach/openlabs/rigaku-openlab-cambodia-2">Rigaku OpenLab Cambodia 2</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/outreach/openlabs/bruker-openlab-vietnam-2">Bruker OpenLab Vietnam 2</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/outreach/openlabs/bruker-openlab-senegal">Bruker OpenLab Senegal</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/outreach/openlabs/panalytical-openlab-mexico-2">PANalytical OpenLab Mexico 2</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/outreach/openlabs/ccdc-openlab-kenya">CCDC OpenLab Kenya</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/outreach/openlabs/bruker-openlab-tunisia">Bruker OpenLab Tunisia</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/outreach/openlabs/bruker-openlab-algeria">Bruker OpenLab Algeria</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/outreach/openlabs/panalytical-openlab-turkey">PANalytical OpenLab Turkey</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/outreach/openlabs/bruker-openlab-vietnam">Bruker OpenLab Vietnam</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/outreach/openlabs/agilent-openlab-hong-kong">Agilent OpenLab Hong Kong</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/outreach/openlabs/panalytical-openlab-mexico">PANalytical OpenLab Mexico</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/outreach/openlabs/rigaku-openlab-colombia">Rigaku OpenLab Colombia</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/outreach/openlabs/grenoble-darmstadt">grenoble-darmstadt</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/outreach/openlabs/agilent-openlab-turkey">Agilent OpenLab Turkey</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/outreach/openlabs/bruker-openlab-indonesia">Bruker OpenLab Indonesia</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/outreach/openlabs/bruker-openlab-uruguay">Bruker OpenLab Uruguay</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/outreach/openlabs/rigaku-openlab-cambodia">Rigaku OpenLab Cambodia</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/outreach/openlabs/panalytical-openlab-ghana">PANalytical OpenLab Ghana</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/outreach/openlabs/bruker-openlab-morocco">Bruker OpenLab Morocco</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/outreach/openlabs/agilent-openlab-argentina">Agilent OpenLab Argentina</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/outreach/openlabs/bruker-openlab-pakistan">Bruker OpenLab Pakistan</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a class="drop" href="https://www.iucr.org/outreach/crystal-growing-competition">crystal growing competition</a> <ul> <li> <a href="https://www.iucr.org/outreach/crystal-growing-competition/submit-entry">submit entry</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a class="drop" href="https://www.iucr.org/outreach/africa">initiative in africa</a> </li> <li> <a class="drop" href="https://www.iucr.org/outreach/laamp">LAAAMP</a> </li> <li> <a class="drop" href="https://www.iucr.org/outreach/icsu2015">IUCr-ICSU 2015</a> </li> <li> <a class="drop" href="https://www.iucr.org/outreach/fund">outreach and education fund</a> </li> <li> <a class="drop" href="https://www.iucr.org/outreach/iycr">iycr2014</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </nav> <!-- ######################################################################################## --> </header> </div> <!-- ######################################################################################## --> <!-- ########################### WELCOME BANNER WITH IMAGE ################################## --> <!-- ######################################################################################## --> <!-- ######################################################################################## --> <div class="wrapper bgded overlay" style="background-image:url('/cgi-bin/getiucrphoto.php?ms=associates&no=48');"><div id="pagetitle" class="hoc clear"><div id="logo" class="fl_left"><a href="https://www.iucr.org/people"><img src="https://www.iucr.org/__data/assets/image/0008/130301/IUCr-logo-White.png" alt="[IUCr logo]" title="The Crystallographic Community" style="width:66px;margin-top: -28px;margin-right: 10px;" /></a></div><a href="https://www.iucr.org/people"><h2>The Crystallographic Community</h2></a></div></div><!-- ######################################################################################## --> <!-- ######################################################################################## --> <!-- ############################## LIST OF MINISITES ####################################### --> <!-- ######################################################################################## --> <!-- ######################################################################################## --> <!-- ######################################################################################## --> <!-- ######################################################################################## --> <!-- ##################################### BREADCRUMB ####################################### --> <!-- ######################################################################################## --> <!-- start of breadcrumb --> <div id="breadcrumb"> <a href="https://www.iucr.org">iucr</a> > <a href="https://www.iucr.org/people">people</a> > <a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/nobel-prize">nobel prize</a> > <a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/nobel-prize/barkla">barkla</a> </div> <!-- end of breadcrumb --> <!-- ######################################################################################## --> <!-- #################################### MINISITES MENU #################################### --> <!-- ######################################################################################## --> <!-- ######################################################################################## --> <!-- ###################################################################################### --> <!-- ##################################### MAIN BODY ###################################### --> <!-- ###################################################################################### --> <div class="wrapper row3" id="page_body"> <main class="hoc container clear"> <!-- ############################### MESSAGE OF THE DAY OR OTHER HEADLINE ################# --> <div class="motd"> </div> <!-- ########################################## MAIN PAGE CONTENT ######################### --> <div class="clear"> <!-- Left sidebar hosts a navigation menu --> <!-- iucr indexable content starts here --> <div id="_layout_34Q" class="content three_quarter first"> <div id="content_div_41554"> <h1><strong>Nobel Prize in Physics 1917</strong></h1> <h2>Charles Glover Barkla</h2> <p><em>for his discovery of the characteristic R枚ntgen radiation of the elements</em></p> <p><img src="https://www.iucr.org/__data/assets/image/0004/41566/cgbarkla_red.jpg" alt="[C.G. Barkla]" class="portrait-nobel" /><br /></p> <p><em><strong>Charles Glover Barkla</strong></em><br /> <em>UK citizen. Born 1877 in Widnes, UK, died 1944, Edinburgh, UK</em></p> <p>Charles Glover Barkla was born on June 7, 1877 at Widnes, Lancashire, England, where his father, J. M. Barkla, was Secretary to the Atlas Chemical Company. He was educated at the Liverpool Institute and entered University College, Liverpool, in 1894 to study mathematics and physics, the latter under Oliver Lodge. He graduated with First Class Honours in physics in 1898 and in the following year he obtained his master's degree. Also in 1899, he was awarded a research scholarship by the Royal Commissioners for the Exhibition of 1851 and he proceeded to Trinity College, Cambridge, to work in the Cavendish Laboratory with J. J. Thomson. He migrated to King's College during 1900 and in 1902 returned to Liverpool as Oliver Lodge Fellow. From 1905 to 1909 he was successively demonstrator, assistant lecturer in physics and special lecturer in advanced electricity at the University, and in 1909 he succeeded H. A. Wilson as Wheatstone Professor of Physics in the University of London. In 1913, Barkla accepted the Chair in Natural Philosophy in the University of Edinburgh and he held this position until his death.</p> <p>Barkla, a Fellow of the Royal Society, had several honorary degrees. He was appointed Bakerian Lecturer (Royal Society) in 1916 and he was awarded the Hughes Medal in the following year.<br /></p> <p><span style="font-style: italic;">The information on this page is based on content at <a href="http://nobelprize.org">Nobelprize.org</a> 漏 The Nobel Foundation and <a href="http://www.biophysics.liv.ac.uk/X-rays_Liverpool.html">www.biophysics.liv.ac.uk/X-rays_Liverpool.html</a>.</span></p> <hr /> Search for papers by Barkla, C. G. in <a href="http://scripts.iucr.org/cgi-bin/resolve_search?Action=View&query=Barkla,%20C.G.&source=google_scholar&authorsearch=yes">Google Scholar</a> | <a href="http://scripts.iucr.org/cgi-bin/resolve_search?Action=View&query=Barkla,%20C.G.&source=scirus&authorsearch=yes">Scirus</a><br /> </div> </div> <div id="_layout_34" class="content three_quarter"></div> <div id="_layout_full" class="content"></div> <!-- iucr indexable content ends here --> <!-- Right sidebar can host a calendar navigator, navigation menu and adverts --> <div class="sidebar one_quarter" style="float:right;"></div> <style type="text/css">div#_layout_34{display:none;}/* allows proper flow */</style> <div class="sidebar one_quarter"> <nav class="sdb_holder"> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/nobel-prize/all">Full list of Nobel winners in crystallography</a></li><li><a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/nobel-prize/agre">P. Agre</a></li><li><a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/nobel-prize/anfinsen">C. Anfinsen</a></li><li><a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/nobel-prize/baker">D. Baker</a></li><li><a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/nobel-prize/barkla">C.G. Barkla</a></li><li><a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/nobel-prize/boyer">P.D. Boyer</a></li><li><a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/nobel-prize/w.h.bragg">W.H. Bragg</a></li><li><a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/nobel-prize/w.l.bragg">W.L. Bragg</a></li><li><a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/nobel-prize/brockhouse">B.N. Brockhouse</a></li><li><a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/nobel-prize/debroglie">Prince L.-V. P. R. de Broglie</a></li><li><a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/nobel-prize/charpak">G. Charpak</a></li><li><a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/nobel-prize/compton">A.H. Compton</a></li><li><a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/nobel-prize/crick">F. Crick</a></li><li><a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/nobel-prize/rfcurljr">R. F. Curl Jr</a></li><li><a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/nobel-prize/davisson">C. J. Davisson</a></li><li><a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/nobel-prize/debye">P. Debye</a></li><li><a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/nobel-prize/deisenhofer">J. Deisenhofer</a></li><li><a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/nobel-prize/doudna">J.A. Doudna</a></li><li><a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/nobel-prize/geim">A. Geim</a></li><li><a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/nobel-prize/degennes">P.G. de Gennes</a></li><li><a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/nobel-prize/feringa">B.L. Feringa</a></li><li><a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/nobel-prize/hauptman">H.A. Hauptman</a></li><li><a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/nobel-prize/hodgkin">D.C. Hodgkin</a></li><li><a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/nobel-prize/huber2">R. Huber</a></li><li><a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/nobel-prize/julius">D. Julius</a></li><li><a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/nobel-prize/karle">J. Karle</a></li><li><a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/nobel-prize/karplus">M. Karplus</a></li><li><a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/nobel-prize/kendrew">J.C. Kendrew</a></li><li><a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/nobel-prize/klug">A. Klug</a></li><li><a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/nobel-prize/kobilka">B. Kobilka</a></li><li><a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/nobel-prize/kornberg">R.D. Kornberg</a></li><li><a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/nobel-prize/kroto">H.W. Kroto</a></li><li><a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/nobel-prize/laue">M.T.F. von Laue</a></li><li><a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/nobel-prize/lefkowitz">R. Lefkowitz</a></li><li><a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/nobel-prize/m.-levitt">M. Levitt</a></li><li><a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/nobel-prize/lipscomb">W.N. Lipscomb</a></li><li><a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/nobel-prize/mackinnon">R. MacKinnon</a></li><li><a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/nobel-prize/michel">H. Michel</a></li><li><a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/nobel-prize/novoselov">K. Novoselov</a></li><li><a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/nobel-prize/patapoutian">A. Patapoutian</a></li><li><a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/nobel-prize/pauling">L. Pauling</a></li><li><a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/nobel-prize/perutz">M.F. Perutz</a></li><li><a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/nobel-prize/ramakrishnan">V. Ramakrishnan</a></li><li><a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/nobel-prize/roentgen">W. C. R枚ntgen</a></li><li><a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/nobel-prize/j.-p.-sauvage">J.-P. Sauvage</a></li><li><a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/nobel-prize/shechtman">D. Shechtman</a></li><li><a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/nobel-prize/shull">C.G. Shull</a></li><li><a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/nobel-prize/skou">J.C. Skou</a></li><li><a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/nobel-prize/smalley">R.E. Smalley</a></li><li><a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/nobel-prize/steitz">T. A. Steitz</a></li><li><a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/nobel-prize/stoddart">J.F. Stoddart</a></li><li><a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/nobel-prize/sumner">J.B. Sumner</a></li><li><a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/nobel-prize/thomson">G.P. Thomson</a></li><li><a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/nobel-prize/walker">J.E. Walker</a></li><li><a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/nobel-prize/a.-warshel">A. Warshel</a></li><li><a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/nobel-prize/watson">J.D. Watson</a></li><li><a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/nobel-prize/wilkins">M.H.F. Wilkins</a></li><li><a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/nobel-prize/yonath">A. E. Yonath</a></li> </ul> </nav> </div> <div class="sidebar one_quarter" style="float:right;"></div> </div> </main> </div> <!-- ################################### END OF MAIN BODY ################################## --> <!-- ####################################################################################### --> <!-- ############################# ITEMS OF INTEREST (ON HOME PAGE) ######################## --> <!-- ####################################################################################### --> <!-- ####################################################################################### --> <!-- ####################################################################################### --> <!-- ############################### LIST OF SPONSORS ###################################### --> <!-- ####################################################################################### --> <!-- ####################################################################################### --> <!-- ####################################################################################### --> <!-- ############################### SECONDARY BANNER ###################################### --> <!-- ####################################################################################### --> <!-- ####################################################################################### --> <!-- ####################################################################################### --> <!-- ######################## NEWSLETTER ITEMS (ON HOME PAGE) ############################## --> <!-- ####################################################################################### --> <!-- ####################################################################################### --> <!-- ####################################################################################### --> <!-- ################################# SITE MAP/INDEX ###################################### --> <!-- ####################################################################################### --> <div class="wrapper row1"> <div id="quicklinks" class="hoc clear"> <!-- ####################################################################################### --> <div class="accordion"> <!-- ####################################################################################### --> <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="accordiontoggle heading">Quick links</a> <!-- ####################################################################################### --> <div class="linkblock group"> <div class="one_quarter first"> <!-- ################################################################################################ --> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.iucr.org/news/notices/announcements">Announcements</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/associates">Associates Programme</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.iucr.org/resources/blogs">Blogs</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/bragg-prize">Bragg Prize</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.iucr.org/calendar/calendar-of-events">Calendar of Events</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.iucr.org/resources/commissions">Commissions</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.iucr.org/iucr/governance/advisory-committees/committee-on-data">Committee on Data</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.iucr.org/iucr/cong">Congress and General Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.iucr.org/outreach/crystal-growing-competition">Crystal growing competition</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.iucr.org/resources/cif">Crystallographic Information Framework (CIF)</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.iucr.org/world">Crystallography around the world</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.iucr.org/resources/forums">Discussion forums</a></li> </ul> <!-- ################################################################################################ --> </div> <div class="one_quarter"> <!-- ################################################################################################ --> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.iucr.org/resources/lists">Discussion lists</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/ewald-prize">Ewald Prize</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.iucr.org/iucr/governance/ec">Executive Committee</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.iucr.org/iucr/governance/finance.html">Finance Committee</a></li> <!-- <li><a href="./?a=143598">Gender Equity and Diversity Committee</a></li> --> <li><a href="https://www.iucr.org/iucr/governance/advisory-committees/gedc">Gender Equity and Diversity Committee</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.iucr.org/iucr/history">History of the Union</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.iucr.org/books2008/international-tables"><it>International Tables for Crystallography</it></a></li> <li><a href="https://iycr2014.org/about"><it>International Year of Crystallography</it></a></li> <li><a href="https://www.iucr.org/news/notices/employment">Jobs</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.iucr.org/retired/journals">Journals</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.iucr.org/resources/nexus">Lachlan Cranswick Crystallographic NeXus</a></li> </ul> <!-- ################################################################################################ --> </div> <div class="one_quarter"> <!-- ################################################################################################ --> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.iucr.org/outreach/laamp">Lightsources for Africa, the Americas, Asia and Middle East Project (LAAAMP)</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.iucr.org/iucr/ab.html">Membership</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.iucr.org/iucr/sponsorship/meetings.html">Meetings support</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.iucr.org/news/newsletter">Newsletter</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/nobel-prize">Nobel Prizes</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/crystallographers">Obituaries</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.iucr.org/outreach/openlabs">OpenLabs</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.iucr.org/iucr/governance/advisory-committees/book-series">OUP Book Series</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.iucr.org/iucr/sponsorship/iucr-outreach-fund">Outreach and Education Fund</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/photos">Photo galleries</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.iucr.org/publications">Publications</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.iucr.org/news/rss-feeds">RSS feeds</a></li> </ul> <!-- ################################################################################################ --> </div> <div class="one_quarter"> <!-- ################################################################################################ --> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.iucr.org/iucr/2abbeysq.html">Secretariat</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.iucr.org/resources/other-directories/software">Software list</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.iucr.org/iucr/governance/statutes-and-by-laws">Statutes and By-Laws</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.iucr.org/iucr/sponsorship/meetings.html">Support of Meetings</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.iucr.org/resources/symmetry-font">Symmetry font</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.iucr.org/education/pamphlets">Teaching Pamphlets</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.iucr.org/iucr/sponsorship/vp.html">Visiting Professorship scheme</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/wdc"><it>World Directory of Crystallographers</it></a></li> </ul> <!-- ################################################################################################ --> </div> </div> <!-- ####################################################################################### --> <!-- ####################################################################################### --> </div> <!-- ######################################################################################### --> </div> </div> <!-- ####################################################################################### --> <!-- ############################# STANDARD FOOTER ######################################### --> <!-- ####################################################################################### --> <div class="wrapper row4"> <footer id="footer" class="hoc clear"> <div class="group"> <div class="one_third first"> <h6 class="title">International Union of Crystallography</h6> <p class="btmspace-30">Scientific Union Member of the International Science Council (admitted 1947). Member of CODATA, the ISC Committee on Data. Partner with UNESCO, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization in the International Year of Crystallography 2014.</p> <ul class="nospace inline pushright"> <li><a href="https://www.iucr.org/home/contact-us">Contact</a></li> <li><a href="/cgi-bin/iucrsearch">Search</a></li> <li><a href="//journals.iucr.org/services/privacy.html">Privacy</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="one_third"> <h6 class="title">International Science Council Scientific Freedom Policy</h6> <article> <!-- <h2 class="nospace font-x1"><a href="#">ICSU Scientific Freedom Policy Statement</a></h2> <time class="font-xs" datetime="2045-04-06">Friday, 6<sup>th</sup> April 2045</time> --> <p>The IUCr observes the basic policy of non-discrimination and affirms the right and freedom of scientists to associate in international scientific activity without regard to such factors as ethnic origin, religion, citizenship, language, political stance, gender, sex or age, in accordance with the Statutes of the International Council for Science.</p> <p><a href="https://www.iucr.org/iucr/governance/advisory-committees/gedc">IUCr policy on Gender Equity and Diversity</a></p> </article> </div> <div class="one_third"> <h6 class="title">Useful links</h6> <ul class="nospace linklist"> <li><a href="https://www.iucr.org/iucr/sponsorship/iucr-outreach-fund">Donate to the Outreach and Education Fund</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.iucr.org/people/associates">Join the Associates Programme</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.iucr.org/iucr/sponsorship/meetings.html">Request support for meeting</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.iucr.org/iucr/sponsorship/vp.html">Apply for Visiting Professorship</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.iucr.org/calendar/etc/add-meeting">Post details of a meeting</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <!-- ####################################################################################### --> </footer> </div> <!-- ######################################################################################## --> <!-- ############################# COPYRIGHT/CREDITS ######################################## --> <!-- ######################################################################################## --> <div class="wrapper row5"> <div id="copyright" class="hoc clear"> <!-- ######################################################################################## --> <p class="fl_left">Copyright © - All Rights Reserved - <a href="#">International Union of Crystallography</a></p> <!-- <p>Template by <a target="_blank" href="http://www.os-templates.com/" title="Free Website Templates">OS Templates</a></p> --> <!-- ######################################################################################## --> </div> </div> <!-- ######################################################################################## --> <!-- ################################## POST-CONTENT SCRIPTS etc. ########################### --> <!-- ######################################################################################## --> <a id="backtotop" href="#top"><i class="fa fa-chevron-up"></i></a> <!-- JAVASCRIPTS --> <script src="https://www.iucr.org/__data/assets/js_file/0020/129413/jquery.backtotop.js?v=0.1.1"></script> <script src="https://www.iucr.org/__data/assets/js_file/0004/129415/jquery.mobilemenu.js?v=0.1.4"></script> <!-- IE9 Placeholder Support --> <script src="https://www.iucr.org/__data/assets/js_file/0005/129416/jquery.placeholder.min.js?v=0.1.1"></script> <!-- / IE9 Placeholder Support --> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.iucr.org/__data/assets/js_file/0003/129765/tabber.js?v=0.1.1"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.iucr.org/__data/assets/js_file/0010/129763/iucr.js?v=0.1.67"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.iucr.org/__data/assets/js_file/0004/147586/slimbox2.js?v=0.0.2"></script> </body> </html>