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id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Obsah</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">presunúť do postranného panelu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">skryť</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Začiatok</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Syn_/_anti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Syn_/_anti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Syn / anti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Syn_/_anti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Erytro_/_treo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Erytro_/_treo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Erytro / treo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Erytro_/_treo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Väčší_počet_stereocentier" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Väčší_počet_stereocentier"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Väčší počet stereocentier</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Väčší_počet_stereocentier-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Použitie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Použitie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Použitie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Použitie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referencie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referencie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Referencie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referencie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pozri_aj" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pozri_aj"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Pozri aj</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pozri_aj-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zdroj" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zdroj"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Zdroj</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zdroj-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Obsah" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Prepnúť obsah" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Prepnúť obsah</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Diastereomér</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Prejsť na článok v inom jazyku. Je dostupný v 30 jazykoch" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-30" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">30 jazykov</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%84_%D8%BA%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D8%B6%D9%88%D8%A6%D9%8A" title="مقابل غير ضوئي – arabčina" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مقابل غير ضوئي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dijastereoizomer" title="Dijastereoizomer – bosniačtina" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Dijastereoizomer" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniačtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diastere%C3%B2mer" title="Diastereòmer – katalánčina" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Diastereòmer" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalánčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diastereomer" title="Diastereomer – čeština" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Diastereomer" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="čeština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diastereomer" title="Diastereomer – nemčina" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Diastereomer" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="nemčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diastereomer" title="Diastereomer – angličtina" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Diastereomer" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angličtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diastereois%C3%B3mero" title="Diastereoisómero – španielčina" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Diastereoisómero" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španielčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diastereomeer" title="Diastereomeer – estónčina" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Diastereomeer" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estónčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diastereoisomero" title="Diastereoisomero – baskičtina" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Diastereoisomero" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskičtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%85%D8%B1" title="دیاستریومر – perzština" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دیاستریومر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perzština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diastereomeeri" title="Diastereomeeri – fínčina" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Diastereomeeri" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="fínčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diast%C3%A9r%C3%A9oisom%C3%A9rie" title="Diastéréoisomérie – francúzština" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Diastéréoisomérie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francúzština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diastereois%C3%B3mero" title="Diastereoisómero – galícijčina" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Diastereoisómero" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galícijčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%99%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%A8" title="דיאסטריאומר – hebrejčina" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דיאסטריאומר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrejčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dijastereoizomer" title="Dijastereoizomer – chorvátčina" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Dijastereoizomer" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="chorvátčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diastereoisomero" title="Diastereoisomero – taliančina" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Diastereoisomero" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="taliančina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%82%A2%E3%82%B9%E3%83%86%E3%83%AC%E3%82%AA%E3%83%9E%E3%83%BC" title="ジアステレオマー – japončina" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジアステレオマー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japončina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B6%80%EB%B6%84%EC%9E%85%EC%B2%B4_%EC%9D%B4%EC%84%B1%EC%A7%88%EC%B2%B4" title="부분입체 이성질체 – kórejčina" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="부분입체 이성질체" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="kórejčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diastereomer" title="Diastereomer – malajčina" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Diastereomer" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diastereomeer" title="Diastereomeer – holandčina" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Diastereomeer" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="holandčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diastereoizomery" title="Diastereoizomery – poľština" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Diastereoizomery" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poľština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diastereois%C3%B4mero" title="Diastereoisômero – portugalčina" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Diastereoisômero" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diastereoizomer" title="Diastereoizomer – rumunčina" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Diastereoizomer" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumunčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Диастереомеры – ruština" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Диастереомеры" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dijastereoizomer" title="Dijastereoizomer – srbochorvátčina" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Dijastereoizomer" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="srbochorvátčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diastereomer" title="Diastereomer – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Diastereomer" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Дијастереоизомер – srbčina" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Дијастереоизомер" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="srbčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diastereomer" title="Diastereomer – švédčina" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Diastereomer" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="švédčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%96%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Діастереомери – ukrajinčina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Діастереомери" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrajinčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E5%AF%B9%E6%98%A0%E5%BC%82%E6%9E%84" title="非对映异构 – čínština" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="非对映异构" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="čínština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q268477#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Upraviť medzijazykové odkazy" class="wbc-editpage">Upraviť odkazy</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Menné priestory"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Diastereom%C3%A9r" title="Zobraziť obsah stránky [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Stránka</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diskusia:Diastereom%C3%A9r&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Diskusia o obsahu stránky (stránka neexistuje) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskusia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Změnit variantu jazyka" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button 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lang="sk" dir="ltr"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Valganciclovir_Diastereomers_Structural_Formulae.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Valganciclovir_Diastereomers_Structural_Formulae.png/450px-Valganciclovir_Diastereomers_Structural_Formulae.png" decoding="async" width="450" height="332" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Valganciclovir_Diastereomers_Structural_Formulae.png/675px-Valganciclovir_Diastereomers_Structural_Formulae.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Valganciclovir_Diastereomers_Structural_Formulae.png/900px-Valganciclovir_Diastereomers_Structural_Formulae.png 2x" data-file-width="2108" data-file-height="1557" /></a><figcaption>Príklad dvoch štruktúr, ktoré sú vzájomne diastereomérmi.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Diastereoméry</b>, občas nazývané <b>diastereoizoméry</b>, sú druh <a href="/wiki/Stereoizom%C3%A9r" class="mw-redirect" title="Stereoizomér">stereoizomérov</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zvyčajne sú definované ako neidentické stereoizoméry, ktoré nie sú vzájomnými zrkadlovými obrazmi. Ak má zlúčenina stereoizoméry, ktoré majú rôzne konfigurácie na jednom alebo viacerých (ale nie všetkých) ekvivalentných <a href="/wiki/Stereog%C3%A9nne_centrum" title="Stereogénne centrum">stereogénnych centrách</a>, ale nie sú to zrkadlové obrazy, sú to práve diastereoméry.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ak sa dva diastereoméry líšia v práve jednom stereocentre, sú to <a href="/wiki/Epim%C3%A9r" title="Epimér">epiméry</a>. Každé stereocentrum môže mať dve konfigurácie, takže zvyčajne sa s každým stereocentrom zväčšuje počet stereoizomérov na dvojnásobok. </p><p>Diastereoméry sa líšia od <a href="/wiki/Enantiom%C3%A9r" title="Enantiomér">enantiomérov</a> v tom, že enantioméry sú páry stereoizomérov, v ktorých sa líšia všetky stereogénne centrá, takže sú vzájomnými zrkadlovými obrazmi.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Enantioméry zlúčeniny s viac ako jedným stereocentrom sú diastereoméry ostatných stereoizomérov danej zlúčeniny, ktoré nie sú ich zrkadlovým obrazom (teda platí, že pár enantiomérov je diastereomérom všetkých ostatných stereoizomérov danej zlúčeniny). Diastereoméry majú rôzne fyzikálne vlastnosti a často i rôznu chemickú reaktivitu, naproti tomu majú dva enantioméry rovnaké fyzikálne vlastnosti (okrem optickej aktivity) a zvyčajne rovnakú (respektíve zrkadlovú) chemickú reaktivitu. </p><p>Diastereoméry môžu nastať i pri dvojitej väzbe, ak zmenou relatívnej pozície substituentov (<a href="/wiki/Cis-trans_izom%C3%A9ria" title="Cis-trans izoméria"><i>cis</i> alebo <i>trans</i></a>) vznikajú nezjednotiteľné <a href="/wiki/Izom%C3%A9r" class="mw-redirect" title="Izomér">izoméry</a>. Mnoho <a href="/w/index.php?title=Konforma%C4%8Dn%C3%A1_izom%C3%A9ria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konformačná izoméria (stránka neexistuje)">konformačných izomérov</a> sú takisto diastereoméry. </p><p><b>Diastereoselektivita</b> je preferencia tvorby jedného diastereoméru oproti iným v priebehu chemickej reakcie. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Syn_/_anti"><span id="Syn_.2F_anti"></span>Syn / anti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diastereom%C3%A9r&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Upraviť sekciu: Syn / anti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diastereom%C3%A9r&action=edit&section=1" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Syn / anti"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ak sa jednoduchá väzba medzi dvoma stereogénnymi centrami môže voľne otáčať, nemá zmysel používať deskriptory <i>cis</i> a <i>trans</i>. Dva bežne používané deskriptory, ktoré sa používajú na označenie sp<sup>3</sup>-hybridizované väzby u lineárnych molekúl sú <b>syn</b> a <b>anti</b>. Masamune navrhol tieto <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stereodeskriptor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stereodeskriptor (stránka neexistuje)">deskriptory</a>, ktoré je možné použiť i v prípade, že posudzované skupiny nie sú naviazané na susediace uhlíkové atómy. Takisto je ich možné použiť bez ohľadu na <a href="/wiki/Cahnova-Ingoldova-Prelogova_nomenklat%C3%BAra" class="mw-redirect" title="Cahnova-Ingoldova-Prelogova nomenklatúra">CIP priority</a>. Syn pomenováva skupiny, ktoré sa nachádzajú na tej istej strane, zatiaľ čo anti popisuje skupiny na opačných stranách. Tento koncept platí len na cikcak projekcie. Tieto deskriptory pomenovávajú len relatívnu stereochémiu a nie absolútnu stereochémiu. Všetky izoméry sú zhodné. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Erytro_/_treo"><span id="Erytro_.2F_treo"></span>Erytro / treo</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diastereom%C3%A9r&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Upraviť sekciu: Erytro / treo" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diastereom%C3%A9r&action=edit&section=2" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Erytro / treo"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" align="right"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Diastereoméry, ktoré sú zároveň epiméry </th></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:D-threose.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/D-threose.svg/150px-D-threose.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/D-threose.svg/225px-D-threose.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/D-threose.svg/300px-D-threose.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="297" /></a></span> </td> <td bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:D-erythrose.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/D-erythrose.svg/150px-D-erythrose.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/D-erythrose.svg/225px-D-erythrose.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/D-erythrose.svg/300px-D-erythrose.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="297" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:DThreose_Fischer.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/DThreose_Fischer.svg/166px-DThreose_Fischer.svg.png" decoding="async" width="166" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/DThreose_Fischer.svg/249px-DThreose_Fischer.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/DThreose_Fischer.svg/332px-DThreose_Fischer.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="83" data-file-height="98" /></a></span> </td> <td bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:DErythrose_Fischer.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/DErythrose_Fischer.svg/144px-DErythrose_Fischer.svg.png" decoding="async" width="144" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/DErythrose_Fischer.svg/216px-DErythrose_Fischer.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/DErythrose_Fischer.svg/288px-DErythrose_Fischer.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="72" data-file-height="98" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><small>D</small>-Treóza </td> <td align="center"><small>D</small>-Erytróza </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Staršie predpony, ktoré sa stále bežne používajú na rozlíšenie diastereomérov, sú <b>erytro</b> a <b>treo</b>. Erytro izomér má dva identické substituenty na tej istej strane a treo izomér ich má na opačných stranách.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pri zakreslení s použitím cikcak reťazca má erytro izomér dva identické substituenty na opačných stranách reťazca (anti). Toto pomenovanie pochádza zo <a href="/wiki/Sacharid" title="Sacharid">sacharidov</a>, konkrétne <a href="/wiki/Fischerova_projekcia" title="Fischerova projekcia">Fischerovej projekcie</a> aldotetróz <a href="/wiki/Tre%C3%B3za" title="Treóza">treózy</a> a <a href="/wiki/Erytr%C3%B3za" title="Erytróza">erytrózy</a>. Tieto predpony sa neodporúča využívať mimo sacharidov, pretože ich definície môžu viesť k rozličným interpretáciám.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ďalšou treo zlúčeninou je <a href="/wiki/Treon%C3%ADn" title="Treonín">treonín</a>, jedna z esenciálnych <a href="/wiki/Aminokyselina" title="Aminokyselina">aminokyselín</a>. Jeho erytro diastereomér sa nazýva <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alotreon%C3%ADn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alotreonín (stránka neexistuje)">alotreonín</a>. </p> <table class="wikitable centered" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:L-Threonin_-_L-Threonine.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/L-Threonin_-_L-Threonine.svg/180px-L-Threonin_-_L-Threonine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/L-Threonin_-_L-Threonine.svg/270px-L-Threonin_-_L-Threonine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/L-Threonin_-_L-Threonine.svg/360px-L-Threonin_-_L-Threonine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="197" data-file-height="121" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:D-Threonine.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/D-Threonine.svg/180px-D-Threonine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/D-Threonine.svg/270px-D-Threonine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/D-Threonine.svg/360px-D-Threonine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="192" data-file-height="126" /></a></span><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td><small>L</small>-Treonín (2<i>S</i>,3<i>R</i>) a <small>D</small>-Treonín (2<i>R</i>,3<i>S</i>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:L-allo-Threonine.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/L-allo-Threonine.svg/180px-L-allo-Threonine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/L-allo-Threonine.svg/270px-L-allo-Threonine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/L-allo-Threonine.svg/360px-L-allo-Threonine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="191" data-file-height="126" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:D-allo-Threonine.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/D-allo-Threonine.svg/180px-D-allo-Threonine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/D-allo-Threonine.svg/270px-D-allo-Threonine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/D-allo-Threonine.svg/360px-D-allo-Threonine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="192" data-file-height="126" /></a></span><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td><small>L</small>-Alotreonín (2<i>S</i>,3<i>S</i>) a <small>D</small>-Alotreonín (2<i>R</i>,3<i>R</i>) </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Väčší_počet_stereocentier"><span id="V.C3.A4.C4.8D.C5.A1.C3.AD_po.C4.8Det_stereocentier"></span>Väčší počet stereocentier</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diastereom%C3%A9r&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Upraviť sekciu: Väčší počet stereocentier" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diastereom%C3%A9r&action=edit&section=3" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Väčší počet stereocentier"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ak má molekula dve asymetrické centrá, existujú až štyri možné konfigurácie, ktoré nemôžu byť všetky vzájomne nezjednotiteľné zrkadlové obrazy. Počet rôznych izomérov sa <a href="/wiki/Exponenci%C3%A1lna_funkcia" title="Exponenciálna funkcia">exponenciálne</a> zvyšuje s počtom stereocentier v molekule. Všeobecne platí, že počet stereoizomérov v molekule je rovný 2<i><sup>n</sup></i>, kde <i>n</i> = počet <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chiralita&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chiralita (stránka neexistuje)">chirálnych</a> centier v molekule. To však neplatí pre molekuly, ktoré majú <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mezo_zl%C3%BA%C4%8Denina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mezo zlúčenina (stránka neexistuje)">mezo</a> formy - niektoré konfigurácie sú zjednotiteľné a teda ekvivalentné. </p><p>Pre <i>n</i> = 3 existuje celkom 8 stereoizomérov. Medzi nimi existujú štyri páry enantiomérov: </p> <ul><li><i>R,R,R</i> a <i>S,S,S</i></li> <li><i>R,R,S</i> a <i>S,S,R</i></li> <li><i>R,S,S</i> a <i>S,R,R</i></li> <li><i>R,S,R</i> a <i>S,R,S</i></li></ul> <p>Existuje omnoho viac párov diastereomérov, pretože každá konfigurácia je diastereomérov pre každú konfiguráciu okrem jej vlastného enantioméru (teda napríklad <i>R,R,R</i> je diastereomérom pre konfigurácie <i>R,R,S</i>, <i>R,S,R</i> a <i>R,S,S</i>). Pre <i>n</i> = 4 existuje šesťnásť stereoizomérov, medzi ktorými sú štyri páry enantiomérov. Štyri enantiomérické páry <a href="/wiki/Aldopent%C3%B3za" class="mw-redirect" title="Aldopentóza">aldopentóz</a> a osem enantiomerických párov <a href="/wiki/Aldohex%C3%B3za" class="mw-redirect" title="Aldohexóza">aldohexóz</a> (podskupiny päťuhlíkatých a šesťuhlíkatých cukrov) sú príklady zlúčenín, ktoré sa líšia týmto spôsobom. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Použitie"><span id="Pou.C5.BEitie"></span>Použitie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diastereom%C3%A9r&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Upraviť sekciu: Použitie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diastereom%C3%A9r&action=edit&section=4" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Použitie"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dva diastereoméry majú rôzne fyzikálne a chemické vlastnosti, čo sa využíva pri <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chir%C3%A1lna_synt%C3%A9za&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chirálna syntéza (stránka neexistuje)">chirálnej syntéze</a> na separáciu zmesi enantiomérov. V tom spočíva princíp <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chir%C3%A1lne_rozl%C3%AD%C5%A1enie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chirálne rozlíšenie (stránka neexistuje)">chirálneho rozlíšenia</a>. Po príprave diastereomérov sa využíva <a href="/wiki/Chromatografia" title="Chromatografia">chromatografia</a> alebo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rekry%C5%A1taliz%C3%A1cia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rekryštalizácia (stránka neexistuje)">rekryštalizácia</a>. </p><p>Podobný princíp sa využíva u <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stereoch%C3%A9mia_ketoniz%C3%A1cie_enolov_a_enol%C3%A1tov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stereochémia ketonizácie enolov a enolátov (stránka neexistuje)">stereochémie ketonizácie enolov a enolátov</a>, kde vznikajú dva diastereomérne produkty. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referencie">Referencie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diastereom%C3%A9r&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Upraviť sekciu: Referencie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diastereom%C3%A9r&action=edit&section=5" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Referencie"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">IUPAC "Gold Book" <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://goldbook.iupac.org/D01679.html"><i>diastereoisomerism</i></a>  <a href="/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1351%2Fgoldbook.D01679">10.1351/goldbook.D01679</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal">GARRETT, Reginald H.. <i>Biochemistry</i>. Belmont, CA : Thomson Brooks/Cole, 2005. (3rd ed.) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/56058171">Dostupné online.</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0peci%C3%A1lne:Kni%C5%BEn%C3%A9Zdroje/0-534-49033-6" title="Špeciálne:KnižnéZdroje/0-534-49033-6">ISBN <span class="ISBN">0-534-49033-6</span></a></span>. S. 205. </cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/IUPAC" class="mw-redirect" title="IUPAC">IUPAC</a> "Gold Book" <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://goldbook.iupac.org/E02069.html"><i>enantiomer</i></a>  <a href="/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1351%2Fgoldbook.E02069">10.1351/goldbook.E02069</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Modern physical organic chemistry</i> Eric V. Anslyn,Dennis A. Dougherty 2006</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Pure_and_Applied_Chemistry" class="mw-redirect" title="International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry">IUPAC</a>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=IUPAC_books&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IUPAC books (stránka neexistuje)">Compendium of Chemical Terminology</a></i>, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book") (1997). Online corrected version:  (2006–) "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://goldbook.iupac.org/E02212.html">erythro, threo</a>". <a href="/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1351%2Fgoldbook.E02212">10.1351/goldbook.E02212</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pozri_aj">Pozri aj</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diastereom%C3%A9r&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Upraviť sekciu: Pozri aj" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diastereom%C3%A9r&action=edit&section=6" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Pozri aj"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cahnova-Ingoldova-Prelogova_nomenklat%C3%BAra" class="mw-redirect" title="Cahnova-Ingoldova-Prelogova nomenklatúra">Cahnova-Ingoldova-Prelogova nomenklatúra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stereoch%C3%A9mia" title="Stereochémia">Stereochémia</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zdroj">Zdroj</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diastereom%C3%A9r&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Upraviť sekciu: Zdroj" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diastereom%C3%A9r&action=edit&section=7" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Zdroj"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="border: solid #aaa 1px; background: #f9f9f9; padding: 0ex 1ex; font-size: 90%;" class="tright" title="Portál, ktorého súčasťou je táto stránka"> <table style="margin: 0; padding: 0ex"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle;margin: 0;"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Portal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="Portal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/36px-Portal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="36" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/54px-Portal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/72px-Portal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="32" /></a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:left;font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Port%C3%A1l:Ch%C3%A9mia" title="Portál:Chémia">Chemický portál</a> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><span class="plainlinks"><i>Tento článok je čiastočný alebo úplný preklad článku <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diastereomer?oldid=1042481444">Diastereomer</a> na anglickej Wikipédii.</i></span> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Zdroj: „<a dir="ltr" href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Diastereomér&oldid=7364659">https://sk.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Diastereomér&oldid=7364659</a>“</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0peci%C3%A1lne:Kateg%C3%B3rie" title="Špeciálne:Kategórie">Kategórie</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kateg%C3%B3ria:Stereoch%C3%A9mia" title="Kategória:Stereochémia">Stereochémia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kateg%C3%B3ria:Chemick%C3%A9_n%C3%A1zvoslovie" title="Kategória:Chemické názvoslovie">Chemické názvoslovie</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kateg%C3%B3ria:Izom%C3%A9ria" title="Kategória:Izoméria">Izoméria</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Skryté kategórie: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kateg%C3%B3ria:Port%C3%A1l:Ch%C3%A9mia/Zapojen%C3%A9_%C4%8Dl%C3%A1nky" title="Kategória:Portál:Chémia/Zapojené články">Portál:Chémia/Zapojené články</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kateg%C3%B3ria:Wikip%C3%A9dia:%C4%8Cl%C3%A1nky_priamo_volaj%C3%BAce_%C5%A1abl%C3%B3nu_Port%C3%A1l" title="Kategória:Wikipédia:Články priamo volajúce šablónu Portál">Wikipédia:Články priamo volajúce šablónu Portál</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Dátum a čas poslednej úpravy tejto stránky: 4. máj 2022, 20:04.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text je dostupný za podmienok <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License 4.0 Unported</a>; prípadne za ďalších podmienok. 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