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accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Эҙләү</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Википедия эсендә эҙләү" aria-label="Википедия эсендә эҙләү" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Википедия эсендә эҙләү [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Махсус:Эҙләү"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Эҙләргә</button> </form> </div> 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class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Уҡыу көйләүҙәре</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=ba" class=""><span>Иғәнә</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%98%D2%AB%D3%99%D0%BF_%D1%8F%D2%99%D1%8B%D1%83%D1%8B_%D1%8F%D2%BB%D0%B0%D1%83&returnto=%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Мотлаҡ булмаһа ла, иҫәп яҙмаһы төҙөргә һәм системала танылырға тәҡдим итәбеҙ" class=""><span>Теркәлеү</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D1%83&returnto=%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Бында теркәлеү үтергә була, әммә мотлаҡ түгел [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Танылыу</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Күберәк мөмкинлектәр" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Шәхси ҡоралдар" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Шәхси ҡоралдар</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Ҡатнашыусы менюһы" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=ba"><span>Иғәнә</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%98%D2%AB%D3%99%D0%BF_%D1%8F%D2%99%D1%8B%D1%83%D1%8B_%D1%8F%D2%BB%D0%B0%D1%83&returnto=%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Мотлаҡ булмаһа ла, иҫәп яҙмаһы төҙөргә һәм системала танылырға тәҡдим итәбеҙ"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Теркәлеү</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D1%83&returnto=%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Бында теркәлеү үтергә була, әммә мотлаҡ түгел [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Танылыу</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Танылмаған мөхәррирҙәр өсөн бит <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A0%D3%99%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5%D2%99" aria-label="Мөхәррирләү тураһында ентеклерәк"><span>Күберәк белергә</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D3%A8%D0%BB%D3%A9%D1%88%D3%A9%D0%BC" title="Был IP-адрестан яһалған төҙәтеүҙәр [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Өлөш</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D3%98%D2%A3%D0%B3%D3%99%D0%BC%D3%99_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="IP-адресығыҙ өсөн фекер алышыу бите [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Фекер алышыу</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><div id="mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace"></div><script>(function(){var node=document.getElementById("mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace");if(node){node.outerHTML="\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-close\"\u003E[\u003Ca tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"\u003Eйәшерергә\u003C/a\u003E]\u003C/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-body\"\u003E\u003C!-- CentralNotice --\u003E\u003Cdiv id=\"localNotice\" 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<button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">ҡабырға панеленә күсерергә</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">йәшерергә</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Башы</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Тарихы" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Тарихы"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Тарихы</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Тарихы-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Һылтанмалар" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Һылтанмалар"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Һылтанмалар</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Һылтанмалар-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Әҙәбиәт" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Әҙәбиәт"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Әҙәбиәт</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Әҙәбиәт-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Сығанаҡтар" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Сығанаҡтар"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Сығанаҡтар</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Сығанаҡтар-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Йөкмәткеһе" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Йөкмәткене күрһәтергә/йәшерергә" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Йөкмәткене күрһәтергә/йәшерергә</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Геометрия</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Икенсе телдәге мәҡәләгә күсегеҙ. 179 телдә уҡырға була" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-179" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">179 тел</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meetkunde" title="Meetkunde — африкаанс" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Meetkunde" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="африкаанс" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometrie" title="Geometrie — швейцарский немецкий" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Geometrie" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="швейцарский немецкий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8C%82%E1%8B%8E%E1%88%9C%E1%89%B5%E1%88%AA" title="ጂዎሜትሪ — амхарский" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ጂዎሜትሪ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="амхарский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheometr%C3%ADa" title="Cheometría — арагонский" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Cheometría" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="арагонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF" title="ज्यामिति — ангика" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="ज्यामिति" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="ангика" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B6%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="هندسة رياضية — арабский" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هندسة رياضية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="арабский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B3%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="تسطار — Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="تسطار" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF" title="জ্যামিতি — ассамский" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="জ্যামিতি" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="ассамский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xeometr%C3%ADa" title="Xeometría — астурийский" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Xeometría" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="астурийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C9%99nd%C9%99s%C9%99" title="Həndəsə — азербайджанский" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Həndəsə" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="азербайджанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B3%D9%87" title="هندسه — South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="هندسه" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geuometr%C4%97j%C4%97" title="Geuometrėjė — Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Geuometrėjė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heometriya" title="Heometriya — Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Heometriya" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Геаметрыя — белорусский" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Геаметрыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="белорусский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8D%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Геамэтрыя — белорусский (тарашкевица)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Геамэтрыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="белорусский (тарашкевица)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Геометрия — болгарский" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Геометрия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="болгарский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" title="ज्यॉमेट्री — Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="ज्यॉमेट्री" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiometri" title="Jiometri — бислама" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Jiometri" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="бислама" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF" title="জ্যামিতি — бенгальский" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জ্যামিতি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="бенгальский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%91%E0%BD%96%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%A9%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%82%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%94%E0%BC%8D" title="དབྱིབས་རྩིས་རིག་པ། — тибетский" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="དབྱིབས་རྩིས་རིག་པ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="тибетский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mentoniezh" title="Mentoniezh — бретонский" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Mentoniezh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="бретонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometrija" title="Geometrija — боснийский" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Geometrija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="боснийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Геометри — бурятский" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Геометри" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="бурятский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometria" title="Geometria — каталанский" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Geometria" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="каталанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8F%97%E1%8F%8E%E1%8F%8D%E1%8F%97_%E1%8F%93%E1%8F%8D%E1%8F%93%E1%8F%85%E1%8F%85" title="ᏗᏎᏍᏗ ᏓᏍᏓᏅᏅ — чероки" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᏗᏎᏍᏗ ᏓᏍᏓᏅᏅ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="чероки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%95" title="ئەندازە — центральнокурдский" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئەندازە" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="центральнокурдский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geumitria" title="Geumitria — корсиканский" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Geumitria" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="корсиканский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="яҡшы мәҡәлә"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometrie" title="Geometrie — чешский" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Geometrie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="чешский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Геометри — чувашский" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Геометри" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="чувашский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometreg" title="Geometreg — валлийский" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Geometreg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="валлийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometri" title="Geometri — датский" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Geometri" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="датский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometrie" title="Geometrie — немецкий" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Geometrie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="немецкий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometri" title="Geometri — Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Geometri" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%B5%CF%89%CE%BC%CE%B5%CF%84%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Γεωμετρία — греческий" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γεωμετρία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="греческий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometr%C3%AE" title="Geometrî — Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Geometrî" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometry" title="Geometry — английский" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Geometry" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="английский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometrio" title="Geometrio — эсперанто" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Geometrio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="эсперанто" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometr%C3%ADa" title="Geometría — испанский" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Geometría" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="испанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geomeetria" title="Geomeetria — эстонский" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Geomeetria" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="эстонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometria" title="Geometria — баскский" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Geometria" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="баскский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometria" title="Geometria — Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Geometria" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B3%D9%87" title="هندسه — персидский" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هندسه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="персидский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometria" title="Geometria — финский" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Geometria" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="финский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geomeetri%C3%A4" title="Geomeetriä — выруский" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Geomeetriä" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="выруский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometry" title="Geometry — фиджи" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Geometry" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="фиджи" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometri" title="Geometri — фарерский" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Geometri" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="фарерский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9om%C3%A9trie" title="Géométrie — французский" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Géométrie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="французский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometrii" title="Geometrii — северный фризский" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Geometrii" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="северный фризский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geoim%C3%A9adracht" title="Geoiméadracht — ирландский" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Geoiméadracht" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ирландский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B9%BE%E4%BD%95%E5%AD%B8" title="幾何學 — гань" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="幾何學" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="гань" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A9om%C3%A9tri" title="Jéométri — Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Jéométri" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geoimeatras" title="Geoimeatras — гэльский" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Geoimeatras" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="гэльский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xeometr%C3%ADa" title="Xeometría — галисийский" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Xeometría" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="галисийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ysajarekokuaa" title="Ysajarekokuaa — гуарани" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Ysajarekokuaa" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="гуарани" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AD%E0%AB%82%E0%AA%AE%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%A4%E0%AA%BF" title="ભૂમિતિ — гуджарати" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ભૂમિતિ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="гуджарати" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Towse-oaylleeaght" title="Towse-oaylleeaght — мэнский" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Towse-oaylleeaght" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="мэнский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%AD-h%C3%B2-ho%CC%8Dk" title="Kí-hò-ho̍k — хакка" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Kí-hò-ho̍k" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="хакка" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94" title="גאומטריה — иврит" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גאומטריה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="иврит" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF" title="ज्यामिति — хинди" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ज्यामिति" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="хинди" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometry" title="Geometry — Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Geometry" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometrija" title="Geometrija — хорватский" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Geometrija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="хорватский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewometri" title="Jewometri — гаитянский" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Jewometri" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="гаитянский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometria" title="Geometria — венгерский" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Geometria" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="венгерский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B5%D6%80%D5%AF%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B9%D5%A1%D6%83%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Երկրաչափություն — армянский" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Երկրաչափություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="армянский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="һайланған мәҡәлә"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometria" title="Geometria — интерлингва" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Geometria" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="интерлингва" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometri" title="Geometri — индонезийский" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Geometri" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="индонезийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometrie" title="Geometrie — интерлингве" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Geometrie" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="интерлингве" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heometria" title="Heometria — илоко" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Heometria" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="илоко" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometrio" title="Geometrio — идо" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Geometrio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="идо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%BAmfr%C3%A6%C3%B0i" title="Rúmfræði — исландский" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Rúmfræði" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="исландский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometria" title="Geometria — итальянский" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Geometria" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="итальянский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B9%BE%E4%BD%95%E5%AD%A6" title="幾何学 — японский" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="幾何学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="японский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaamichri" title="Jaamichri — Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Jaamichri" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9om%C3%A8tri" title="Géomètri — яванский" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Géomètri" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="яванский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="გეომეტრია — грузинский" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="გეომეტრია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="грузинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometriya" title="Geometriya — каракалпакский" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Geometriya" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="каракалпакский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzeggit" title="Tanzeggit — кабильский" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tanzeggit" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="кабильский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Геометрие — кабардинский" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Геометрие" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="кабардинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sii%C5%8B_l%C9%A9z%CA%8A%CA%8A" title="Siiŋ lɩzʊʊ — Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Siiŋ lɩzʊʊ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C5%A9thun%C5%A9r%C5%A9rio_(geometry)" title="Mũthunũrũrio (geometry) — кикуйю" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Mũthunũrũrio (geometry)" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="кикуйю" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Геометрия — казахский" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Геометрия" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="казахский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A" title="ធរណីមាត្រ — кхмерский" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ធរណីមាត្រ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="кхмерский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%96%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%A3%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A4" title="ರೇಖಾಗಣಿತ — каннада" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ರೇಖಾಗಣಿತ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="каннада" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%ED%95%98%ED%95%99" title="기하학 — корейский" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="기하학" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="корейский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometr%C3%AE" title="Geometrî — курдский" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Geometrî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="курдский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mynsonieth" title="Mynsonieth — корнский" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Mynsonieth" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="корнский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Геометрия — киргизский" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Геометрия" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="киргизский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometria" title="Geometria — латинский" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Geometria" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="латинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometrie" title="Geometrie — люксембургский" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Geometrie" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="люксембургский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeometria" title="Jeometria — Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Jeometria" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essomampimo_(Geometry)" title="Essomampimo (Geometry) — ганда" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Essomampimo (Geometry)" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="ганда" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maetk%C3%B3nde" title="Maetkónde — лимбургский" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Maetkónde" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="лимбургский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometria" title="Geometria — Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Geometria" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometr%C3%ACa" title="Geometrìa — Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Geometrìa" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zom%C9%9Bt%C9%9Bl%C3%AD" title="Zomɛtɛlí — лингала" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Zomɛtɛlí" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="лингала" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%82%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%84%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%94" title="ເລຂາຄະນິດ — лаосский" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ເລຂາຄະນິດ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="лаосский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometrija" title="Geometrija — литовский" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Geometrija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="литовский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%A2eometrija" title="Ģeometrija — латышский" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ģeometrija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="латышский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Геометриясь — мокшанский" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Геометриясь" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="мокшанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Je%C3%B4metria" title="Jeômetria — малагасийский" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Jeômetria" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="малагасийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Геометрий — луговомарийский" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Геометрий" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="луговомарийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilmu_ukua" title="Ilmu ukua — минангкабау" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Ilmu ukua" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="минангкабау" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Геометрија — македонский" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Геометрија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="македонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF" title="ജ്യാമിതി — малаялам" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ജ്യാമിതി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="малаялам" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80" title="Геометр — монгольский" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Геометр" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="монгольский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mnw mw-list-item"><a href="https://mnw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%82%E1%80%B1%E1%80%9E%E1%80%BC%E1%80%99%E1%80%B1%E1%80%90%E1%80%BC%E1%80%B3" title="ဂေသြမေတြဳ — Mon" lang="mnw" hreflang="mnw" data-title="ဂေသြမေတြဳ" data-language-autonym="ဘာသာမန်" data-language-local-name="Mon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ဘာသာမန်</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80" title="भूमिती — маратхи" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="भूमिती" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="маратхи" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometri" title="Geometri — малайский" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Geometri" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="малайский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%A0eometrija" title="Ġeometrija — мальтийский" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Ġeometrija" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="мальтийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometrie" title="Geometrie — мирандский" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Geometrie" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="мирандский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%82%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AE%E1%80%A9%E1%80%99%E1%80%B1%E1%80%90%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AE" title="ဂျီဩမေတြီ — бирманский" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဂျီဩမေတြီ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="бирманский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Геометрия — эрзянский" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Геометрия" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="эрзянский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometrie" title="Geometrie — нижненемецкий" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Geometrie" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="нижненемецкий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF" title="ज्यामिति — непальский" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="ज्यामिति" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="непальский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4" title="रेखागणित — неварский" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="रेखागणित" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="неварский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nia mw-list-item"><a href="https://nia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometris" title="Geometris — ниас" lang="nia" hreflang="nia" data-title="Geometris" data-language-autonym="Li Niha" data-language-local-name="ниас" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Li Niha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meetkunde" title="Meetkunde — нидерландский" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Meetkunde" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="нидерландский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometri" title="Geometri — нюнорск" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Geometri" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="нюнорск" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometri" title="Geometri — норвежский букмол" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Geometri" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="норвежский букмол" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometria" title="Geometria — Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Geometria" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometria" title="Geometria — окситанский" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Geometria" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="окситанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ji%27oomeetirii" title="Ji'oomeetirii — оромо" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Ji'oomeetirii" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="оромо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%9C%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%9F%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%AE%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%A4%E0%AC%BF" title="ଜ୍ୟାମିତି — ория" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଜ୍ୟାମିତି" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="ория" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%A3%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A4" title="ਰੇਖਾ ਗਣਿਤ — панджаби" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਰੇਖਾ ਗਣਿਤ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="панджаби" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometria" title="Geometria — польский" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Geometria" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="польский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometr%C3%ACa" title="Geometrìa — Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Geometrìa" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%B9%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="جیومیٹری — Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="جیومیٹری" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%90%DA%86%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%87%D9%86%D9%87" title="مېچپوهنه — пушту" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="مېچپوهنه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="пушту" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometria" title="Geometria — португальский" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Geometria" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="португальский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacha_tupuy" title="Pacha tupuy — кечуа" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Pacha tupuy" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="кечуа" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometrie" title="Geometrie — румынский" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Geometrie" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="румынский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Геометрия — русский" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Геометрия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="русский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%90%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Ґеометрія — русинский" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Ґеометрія" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="русинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Геометрия — саха" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Геометрия" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="саха" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giometr%C3%ACa" title="Giometrìa — сицилийский" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Giometrìa" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="сицилийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometry" title="Geometry — шотландский" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Geometry" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="шотландский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%BD%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="جاميٽري — синдхи" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="جاميٽري" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="синдхи" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometrija" title="Geometrija — сербскохорватский" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Geometrija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="сербскохорватский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/As%C9%A3kl" title="Asɣkl — ташельхит" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Asɣkl" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="ташельхит" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA" title="ජ්‍යාමිතිය — сингальский" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ජ්‍යාමිතිය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="сингальский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometry" title="Geometry — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Geometry" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometria" title="Geometria — словацкий" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Geometria" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="словацкий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometrija" title="Geometrija — словенский" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Geometrija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="словенский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometria" title="Geometria — инари-саамский" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Geometria" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="инари-саамский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pimachisi" title="Pimachisi — шона" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Pimachisi" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="шона" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjeometria" title="Gjeometria — албанский" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjeometria" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="албанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Геометрија — сербский" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Геометрија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="сербский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometrie" title="Geometrie — Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Geometrie" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89lmu_ukur" title="Élmu ukur — сунданский" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Élmu ukur" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="сунданский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometri" title="Geometri — шведский" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Geometri" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="шведский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiometri" title="Jiometri — суахили" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Jiometri" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="суахили" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometryjo" title="Geometryjo — силезский" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Geometryjo" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="силезский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="வடிவவியல் — тамильский" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வடிவவியல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="тамильский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%96%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%A3%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%82" title="రేఖాగణితం — телугу" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="రేఖాగణితం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="телугу" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Ҳандаса — таджикский" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ҳандаса" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="таджикский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95" title="เรขาคณิต — тайский" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เรขาคณิต" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="тайский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometri%C3%BDa" title="Geometriýa — туркменский" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Geometriýa" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="туркменский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heometriya" title="Heometriya — тагалог" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Heometriya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="тагалог" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometri" title="Geometri — турецкий" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Geometri" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="турецкий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tinhlayo-vupimi" title="Tinhlayo-vupimi — тсонга" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Tinhlayo-vupimi" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="тсонга" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Геометрия — татарский" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Геометрия" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="татарский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Геометрия — тувинский" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Геометрия" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="тувинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Геометрія — украинский" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Геометрія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B3%DB%81" title="ہندسہ — урду" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ہندسہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="урду" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometriya" title="Geometriya — узбекский" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Geometriya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="узбекский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeometria" title="Zeometria — Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Zeometria" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometrii" title="Geometrii — вепсский" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Geometrii" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="вепсский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%ACnh_h%E1%BB%8Dc" title="Hình học — вьетнамский" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hình học" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="вьетнамский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heyometriya" title="Heyometriya — варай" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Heyometriya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="варай" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%87%A0%E4%BD%95%E5%AD%A6" title="几何学 — у" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="几何学" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="у" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="გეომეტრია — мегрельский" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="გეომეტრია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="мегрельский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%A2%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A2" title="געאמעטריע — идиш" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="געאמעטריע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="идиш" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gijhozyoz" title="Gijhozyoz — чжуань" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Gijhozyoz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="чжуань" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%9C%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8F%E2%B5%A3%E2%B4%B3%E2%B4%B3%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%9C" title="ⵜⴰⵏⵣⴳⴳⵉⵜ — тамазигхтский" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵜⴰⵏⵣⴳⴳⵉⵜ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="тамазигхтский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%87%A0%E4%BD%95%E5%AD%A6" title="几何学 — китайский" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="几何学" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="китайский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B9%BE%E4%BD%95" title="幾何 — Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="幾何" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%AD-h%C3%B4-ha%CC%8Dk" title="Kí-hô-ha̍k — миньнань" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kí-hô-ha̍k" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="миньнань" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B9%BE%E4%BD%95%E5%AD%B8" title="幾何學 — кантонский" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="幾何學" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="кантонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umchazabukhulu" title="Umchazabukhulu — зулу" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Umchazabukhulu" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="зулу" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q8087#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Башҡа телдәргә һылтанмаларҙы төҙәтеү" class="wbc-editpage">Һылтанмаларҙы төҙәтергә</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div 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id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ba" dir="ltr"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Woman_teaching_geometry.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Woman_teaching_geometry.jpg/200px-Woman_teaching_geometry.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Woman_teaching_geometry.jpg/300px-Woman_teaching_geometry.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Woman_teaching_geometry.jpg/400px-Woman_teaching_geometry.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1039" data-file-height="1148" /></a><figcaption>Балаларҙы геометрияға өйрәтеүсе ҡатын. <a href="/wiki/XIV_%D0%B1%D1%8B%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%82" title="XIV быуат">XIV быуат</a> иллюстрацияһы.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Геоме́трия</b> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D2%93%D0%BE_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Боронғо грек теле (был бит юҡ)">бор. грек.</a> <i><span lang="grc">γῆ</span></i> — <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D1%80" title="Ер">ер</a> һәм <span lang="grc"><span style="font-family: palatino linotype, new athena unicode, athena, gentium, code2000, serif; font-size: 105%;">μετρέω</span></span> үлсәйем) — <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Математик">математика</a> фәненең бер бүлеге, формаларҙы һәм ғөмөмиләштереүҙәрҙе өйрәнә. Геометрия математиканың башҡа бүлектәре менән тығыҙ бәйләнгән, шуға күрә уның сиктәре теүәл билдәләнмәгән. </p><p>Геометрия — иң элекке фәндәрҙең береһе, килеп сыгышы бик борондан килә, беҙҙең эраға тиклем үк барып етә. Геометрия һүҙе <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Грек теле">грек теленән</a> тәржемә иткәндә «ер үлсәү» («гео»-ер, ә «метрео»-<a href="/wiki/%D2%AE%D0%BB%D1%81%D3%99%D2%AF" title="Үлсәү">үлсәү</a>) тигәнде аңлата. Бындай исемдең килеп сығышы ошолай аңлатыла: беренсе геометрия үҫеше төрлө үлсәү эштәре менән башлана, ер үлсәүҙәр, юлдар һалыу һәм төҙәлөш ваҡытында үлсәүһеҙ эшләүе бик ҡыйын, ә был фән менән был мәсьәләләр тиҙ сиселгән. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Тарихы"><span id=".D0.A2.D0.B0.D1.80.D0.B8.D1.85.D1.8B"></span>Тарихы</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Тарихы бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&section=1" title="Тарихы бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Геометрияға ҡағылышлы белемдәр бик боронғо замандан уҡ (<a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8B%D1%80" title="Мысыр">Мысыр</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Вавилон">Вавилон</a>) <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D1%80_(%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ер (планета)">Ер</a> майҙанын, есемдәрҙең күләмен үлсәү, төҙөү, һуғарыу һ.б. эштәр, астрономик күҙәтеүҙәр ихтыяжы һөҙөмтәһендә тупланып килгән. Боронғо грек ғалимы <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Евклид">Евклидтың</a> «Башланғыстар» («Начала») исемле хеҙмәтендә (Б. Э. Т. 3 быуат) беренсе мәртәбә аксиомалар — геометрияның төп закондары тәғбирләнгән, улар ярҙамында иң ябай фигураларҙың төрлө үҙлектәре иҫбатлап сығарылған. <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4" title="Архимед">Архимед</a> (майҙан һәм күләмдәрҙе тулыландырып иҫәпләү ысулы, Б. Э. Т. 3 быуат), Аполлоний (конус киҫемдәре тураһындағы тәғлимәт, Б. Э. Т. 3 быуат), Птолемей (сферик геометрия, Б. Э. Т. 2 быуат) асыштары ла — геометрия өлкәһендәге мөһим ҡаҙаныштар. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Conic_Sections.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Conic_Sections.svg/langba-200px-Conic_Sections.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Conic_Sections.svg/langba-300px-Conic_Sections.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Conic_Sections.svg/langba-400px-Conic_Sections.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption>Конус киҫелеше: <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D2%AF%D2%A3%D3%99%D1%80%D3%99%D0%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Түңәрәк (был бит юҡ)">Түңәрәк</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%81" title="Эллипс">эллипс</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Парабола">парабола</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0_(%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Гипербола (математика)">гипербола</a></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/XVII_%D0%B1%D1%8B%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%82" title="XVII быуат">XVII быуатта</a> Р. Декарт (1637) тарафынан төҙөлгән координаталар ысулы геометрия мәсьәләләрен һандар теленә күсерергә һәм уларҙы алгебраик ысулдар менән сисергә мөмкинлек бирә һәм яңы асыштарҙың — <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B5%D2%99%D0%BB%D3%99%D0%BC%D3%99" title="Дифференциаль тигеҙләмә">дифференциаль</a> һәм <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%8B%D1%83" title="Интеграл табыу">интеграль</a> иҫәпләүҙәрҙең (И. <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Исаак Ньютон">Ньютон</a> һәм Г. В. Лейбниц) нигеҙен тәшкил итә. </p><p><a href="/wiki/XVIII_%D0%B1%D1%8B%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%82" title="XVIII быуат">XVIII быуатта</a> евклидса фазалағы кәкреләрҙе һәм өҫлөктәрҙе өйрәнгәндә анализ ысулдары ҡулланыу барышында (бер туған Я. һәм И. Бернуллилар, Г. Монж, Л. Эйлер һ.б. хеҙмәттәрендә) классик дифференциаль геометрияға нигеҙ һалына. </p><p>XVIII быуатта өҫлөктәр теорияһындағы иң мөһим нәтижәләр немец математигы К. Ф. Гаусс исеме менән бәйле. Ул өҫлөктөң эске геометрияһы тигән, бөгөлгәндә лә үҙгәрмәүсән эске үҙсәнлектәре йыйылмаһы төшөнсәһен керетә (1827). </p><p>Евклидса геометриянан бөтөнләй айырмалы, логик ҡаршылыҡһыҙ булған геометрия төҙөп, Н. И. Лобачевский был фәндең үҫешендә принципиаль яңы аҙым яһай. XIX быуатта Лобачевский геометрияһы барлыҡҡа килеү, шунан һуң башҡа геометриялар төҙөлөү математикала аксиомалар ысулын үҫтереүгә һәм камиллаштырыуға этәргес бирә (Д. Гильберт һ.б.). Немец математигы Ф. Клейндың рәүеш үҙгәртеүҙәр төркөмдәре теорияһы нигеҙендә Евклид булмаған геометриялар классификацияһын төҙөүе 19 быуаттаге ҙур ҡаҙаныштарҙың береһе булып һанала. 1854 йылда немец математигы Б. Риман Евклид булмаған геометриялар ҡыҫаларына һыймаған фазалар төҙөй. Риман күп төрлөлөктәре һәм уларҙы ғөмөмиләштереү буйынса алып барылған тикшеренеүҙәрҙә «ғөмөмиләштерелгән фәзалар» тип аталған төшенсә керетелә, ә уларҙы өйрәнеү 20 быуатта киң ҡолас ала. Мәҫәлән, А. Эйнштейн, дүрт үлсәмле Риманса фаза-ваҡыт төшөнсәһен ҡулланып (1916), сағыштырмалылыҡтың дөйөм теорияһын төҙөй. </p><p>XIX-XX быуаттар сигендә математикала абстракт ҡараштарҙың үҫеше геометрияны күплектәр теорияһы нигеҙенә күсереүгә килтерә. Француз математигы А. Пуанкареның күп төрлөлөктәрҙә интеграль иҫәпләүҙәр, француз математигы М. Фреше менән немец математигы Ф. Хаусдорфның метрик күп төрлөлөктәр теорияһына ҡараған һәм Мәскәү математик мәктәбе вәкилдәренең (П. С. Александров, П. С. Урысон, А. Н. Колмогоров, Л. С. Понтрягин) тикшеренү нәтижәләре геометрияның яңы бүлеге — топология фәне барлыҡҡа килеүгә ярҙам итә, ә ул математиканың башҡа өлкәләре үҫешенә лә ҙур йоғонто яһай. </p><p>XX быуатта дифференциаль геометрияла ике йүнәлеш билдәләнә. Беренсе йүнәлеш, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Математик анализ (был бит юҡ)">математик анализ</a> ысулдарын файҙаланып, бирелгән нөктә тирәһендәге геометрик объекттарҙың локаль үҙлектәрен өйрәнә һәм ул тикшерелә торған объекттарҙы һыҙыҡсалатырға, <a href="/wiki/%D2%BA%D1%8B%D2%99%D1%8B%D2%A1%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Һыҙыҡлы алгебра">һыҙыҡлы алгебра</a> ысулдарын ҡулланырға мөмкинлек бирә. Шул йүнәлештең үҫеүе нәтижәһендә К. Риччи, Т. Леви-Чивита, Э. Картан һ.б. хеҙмәттәрендә тензорлы анализға, бәйләнгәнлек теорияһына һәм ковариант дифференциаллауҙарға нигеҙ һалына. Икенсе йүнәлеш — дифференциаль топология — 1930 йылдар уртаһында Х. Уитни һәм Э. Штифель, Л. С. Понтрягин, Ш. Чжень һ.б. хеҙмәттәрендә нигеҙләнә. Шыма күп төрлөлөктәрҙең топологик инварианттарын, уларҙы сифатлаусы класстарҙың терминдарын өйрәнгәндә ғәйәт ҙур нәтижәләргә ирешелә (В. А. Рохлин, Д. У. Милнор, М. Ф. Атья һ.б.). Ғөмүмән алғанда, геометрия кәкреләр һәм өҫлөктәрҙең төҙөлөшөн Евклид һәм нәевклид фазаларында һәр яҡлап, шул иҫәптән уларҙың шыма түгеллеген һәм үҙенсәлекле нөктәләре булыуын да иҫәпкә алып өйрәнә (Н. В. Ефимов, А. Д. Александров, А. В. Погорелов, Н. Кейпер һ.б.). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Һылтанмалар"><span id=".D2.BA.D1.8B.D0.BB.D1.82.D0.B0.D0.BD.D0.BC.D0.B0.D0.BB.D0.B0.D1.80"></span>Һылтанмалар</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Һылтанмалар бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&section=2" title="Һылтанмалар бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="metadata plainlinks navigation-box ruwikiWikimediaNavigation" style="margin:0 0 1em 1em; clear:right; border:solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1) 1px; background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:inherit; padding:1ex; font-size:90%; float:right;"> <tbody><tr> <th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Geometry" title="commons:Category:Geometry"><img alt="commons:" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> </th> <td><span class="wikicommons-ref"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Geometry?uselang=ru">Геометрия</a></span> Викимилектә </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Әҙәбиәт"><span id=".D3.98.D2.99.D3.99.D0.B1.D0.B8.D3.99.D1.82"></span>Әҙәбиәт</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Әҙәбиәт бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&section=3" title="Әҙәбиәт бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="citation" id="CITEREFКомацу1981"><i>Комацу, Мацуо.</i> Многообразие геометрии. — <span style="border-bottom:1px dotted gray; cursor:default" title="Москва">М</span>. : Знание, 1981.</span></li> <li><span class="citation" id="CITEREFЛевитин2004"><i>Левитин, К. Е.</i> Геометрическая рапсодия. — 3-е изд., перераб. и доп. — <span style="border-bottom:1px dotted gray; cursor:default" title="Москва">М</span>. : ИД «Камерон», 2004. — 216 с. — <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF_%D1%81%D1%8B%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D2%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B/5959400235" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 5-9594-0023-5</a>.</span></li> <li><span class="citation" id="CITEREFШаль1883"><i>Шаль, Мишель.</i> <a href="https://ba.wikisource.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B8_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2" class="extiw" title="s:Исторический обзор происхождения и развития геометрических методов">Исторический обзор происхождения и развития геометрических методов</a> : <span style="white-space: nowrap;">в 2 т.</span>. — <span style="border-bottom:1px dotted gray; cursor:default" title="Москва">М</span>. : М. 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