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labelling</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: data labelling"> <meta name="keywords" content="data labelling"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="data labelling"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 25148</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: data labelling</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">25148</span> Gendered Labelling and Its Effects on Vhavenda Women</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Matodzi%20Rapalalani">Matodzi Rapalalani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In context with Spencer's (2018) classic labelling theory, labels influence the perceptions of both the individual and other members of society. That is, once labelled, the individual act in ways that confirm the stereotypes attached to the label. This study, therefore, investigates the understanding of gendered labelling and its effects on Vhavenda women. Gender socialization and patriarchy have been viewed as the core causes of the problem. The literature presented the development of gendered labelling, forms of it, and other aspects. A qualitative method of data collection was used in this study, and semi-structural interviews were conducted. A total of 6 participants were used as it is easy to deal with a small sample. Thematic analysis was used as the data was interpreted and analyzed. Ethical issues such as confidentiality, informed consent, and voluntary participation were considered. Through the analysis and data interpretation, causes such as lack of Christian values, insecurities, and lust were mentioned as well as some of the effects such as frustrations, increased divorce, and low self-esteem. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gender" title="gender">gender</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=naming" title=" naming"> naming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Venda" title=" Venda"> Venda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=women" title=" women"> women</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=African%20culture" title=" African culture"> African culture</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158901/gendered-labelling-and-its-effects-on-vhavenda-women" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158901.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">91</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">25147</span> Radio Labeling and Characterization of Cysteine and Its Derivatives with Tc99m and Their Bio-Distribution</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rabia%20Ashfaq">Rabia Ashfaq</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saeed%20Iqbal"> Saeed Iqbal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Atiq%20ur%20Rehman"> Atiq ur Rehman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Irfanullah%20Khan"> Irfanullah Khan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An extensive series of radiopharmaceuticals have been explored in order to discover a better brain tumour diagnostic agent. Tc99m labelling with cysteine and its derivatives in liposomes shows effective tagging of about 70% to 80 %. Due to microscopic size it successfully crossed the brain barrier in 2 minutes which gradually decreases in 5 to 15 minutes. HMPAO labelled with Tc99m is another important radiopharmaceutical used to study brain perfusion but it comes with a flaw that it’s only functional during epilepsy. 1, 1 ECD is purely used in Tc99m ECD formulation; because it not only tends to cross the blood brain barrier but it can be metabolized which can be easily entrapped in human brain. Radio labelling of Cysteine with Tc99m at room temperature was performed which yielded no good results. Hence cysteine derivatives with salicylaldehyde were prepared that produced about 75 % yield for ligand. In order to perform it’s radio labelling a suitable solvent DMSO was selected and physical parameters were performed. Elemental analyser produced remarkably similar results for ligand as reported in literature. IR spectra of Ligand in DMSO concluded in the absence of SH stretch and presence of N-H vibration. Thermal analysis of the ligand further suggested its decomposition pattern with no distinct curve for a melting point. Radio labelling of ligand was performed which produced excellent results giving up to 88% labelling at pH 5.0. Clinical trials using Rabbit were performed after validating the products reproducibility. The radiopharmaceutical prepared was injected into the rabbit. Dynamic as well as static study was performed under the SPECT. It showed considerable uptake in the kidneys and liver considering it suitable for the Hypatobilliary study. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=marcapto%20compounds" title="marcapto compounds">marcapto compounds</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=99mTc%20-%20radiolabeling" title=" 99mTc - radiolabeling"> 99mTc - radiolabeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=salicylaldicysteine" title=" salicylaldicysteine"> salicylaldicysteine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thiozolidine" title=" thiozolidine"> thiozolidine</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44640/radio-labeling-and-characterization-of-cysteine-and-its-derivatives-with-tc99m-and-their-bio-distribution" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44640.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">344</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">25146</span> Evaluation of Stable Isotope in Life History and Mating Behaviour of Mediterranean Fruit Fly Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephidae) in Laboratory Conditions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hasan%20AL-Khshemawee">Hasan AL-Khshemawee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manjree%20Agarwal"> Manjree Agarwal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xin%20Du"> Xin Du</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yonglin%20Ren"> Yonglin Ren</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The possibility use of stable isotopes to study Medfly mating and life history were investigated in these experiments. 13C6 glucose was incorporated in the diet of the Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephidae). Treatments included labelling and unlabelled of either the media or adult sugar water. The measured started from egg hatching till the adults have died. After mating, the adults were analysed for 13C6 glucose ratio using Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry LC-MS in two periods of time immediately and after three days of mating. Results showed that stable isotopes were used successfully for labelling Medfly in laboratory conditions, and there were significant differences between labelled and unlabelled treatment in eggs hatching, larval development, pupae emergence, survival of adults and mating behaviour. Labelling during larval development and combined labelling of larvae and adults resulted in detectable values. The label glucose in larvae stage did not effect on mating behaviour, however, the label glucose in adults’ stage was affected by mating behaviour. We recommended that it is possible to label adults of Mediterranean fruit fly C. capitata and detected the label after mating. This method offers good tools to study mating behaviour in Medfly and other types of insects and could be providing useful tools in genetic studies, sterile insect technique (SIT) or agricultural pest management. Also, we recommended using this technique in the field. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stable%20isotope" title="stable isotope">stable isotope</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sterile%20insect%20technique%20%28SIT%29" title=" sterile insect technique (SIT)"> sterile insect technique (SIT)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medfly" title=" medfly"> medfly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mating%20behaviour" title=" mating behaviour"> mating behaviour</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71742/evaluation-of-stable-isotope-in-life-history-and-mating-behaviour-of-mediterranean-fruit-fly-ceratitis-capitata-diptera-tephidae-in-laboratory-conditions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71742.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">256</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">25145</span> Quantification of Dispersion Effects in Arterial Spin Labelling Perfusion MRI</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rutej%20R.%20Mehta">Rutej R. Mehta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michael%20A.%20Chappell"> Michael A. Chappell</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Arterial spin labelling (ASL) is an increasingly popular perfusion MRI technique, in which arterial blood water is magnetically labelled in the neck before flowing into the brain, providing a non-invasive measure of cerebral blood flow (CBF). The accuracy of ASL CBF measurements, however, is hampered by dispersion effects; the distortion of the ASL labelled bolus during its transit through the vasculature. In spite of this, the current recommended implementation of ASL – the white paper (Alsop et al., MRM, 73.1 (2015): 102-116) – does not account for dispersion, which leads to the introduction of errors in CBF. Given that the transport time from the labelling region to the tissue – the arterial transit time (ATT) – depends on the region of the brain and the condition of the patient, it is likely that these errors will also vary with the ATT. In this study, various dispersion models are assessed in comparison with the white paper (WP) formula for CBF quantification, enabling the errors introduced by the WP to be quantified. Additionally, this study examines the relationship between the errors associated with the WP and the ATT – and how this is influenced by dispersion. Methods: Data were simulated using the standard model for pseudo-continuous ASL, along with various dispersion models, and then quantified using the formula in the WP. The ATT was varied from 0.5s-1.3s, and the errors associated with noise artefacts were computed in order to define the concept of significant error. The instantaneous slope of the error was also computed as an indicator of the sensitivity of the error with fluctuations in ATT. Finally, a regression analysis was performed to obtain the mean error against ATT. Results: An error of 20.9% was found to be comparable to that introduced by typical measurement noise. The WP formula was shown to introduce errors exceeding 20.9% for ATTs beyond 1.25s even when dispersion effects were ignored. Using a Gaussian dispersion model, a mean error of 16% was introduced by using the WP, and a dispersion threshold of σ=0.6 was determined, beyond which the error was found to increase considerably with ATT. The mean error ranged from 44.5% to 73.5% when other physiologically plausible dispersion models were implemented, and the instantaneous slope varied from 35 to 75 as dispersion levels were varied. Conclusion: It has been shown that the WP quantification formula holds only within an ATT window of 0.5 to 1.25s, and that this window gets narrower as dispersion occurs. Provided that the dispersion levels fall below the threshold evaluated in this study, however, the WP can measure CBF with reasonable accuracy if dispersion is correctly modelled by the Gaussian model. However, substantial errors were observed with other common models for dispersion with dispersion levels similar to those that have been observed in literature. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=arterial%20spin%20labelling" title="arterial spin labelling">arterial spin labelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dispersion" title=" dispersion"> dispersion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MRI" title=" MRI"> MRI</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perfusion" title=" perfusion"> perfusion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29742/quantification-of-dispersion-effects-in-arterial-spin-labelling-perfusion-mri" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29742.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">370</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">25144</span> Towards Law Data Labelling Using Topic Modelling</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daniel%20Pinheiro%20Da%20Silva%20Junior">Daniel Pinheiro Da Silva Junior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aline%20Paes"> Aline Paes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daniel%20De%20Oliveira"> Daniel De Oliveira</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christiano%20Lacerda%20Ghuerren"> Christiano Lacerda Ghuerren</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marcio%20Duran"> Marcio Duran</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Courts of Accounts are institutions responsible for overseeing and point out irregularities of Public Administration expenses. They have a high demand for processes to be analyzed, whose decisions must be grounded on severity laws. Despite the existing large amount of processes, there are several cases reporting similar subjects. Thus, previous decisions on already analyzed processes can be a precedent for current processes that refer to similar topics. Identifying similar topics is an open, yet essential task for identifying similarities between several processes. Since the actual amount of topics is considerably large, it is tedious and error-prone to identify topics using a pure manual approach. This paper presents a tool based on Machine Learning and Natural Language Processing to assists in building a labeled dataset. The tool relies on Topic Modelling with Latent Dirichlet Allocation to find the topics underlying a document followed by Jensen Shannon distance metric to generate a probability of similarity between documents pairs. Furthermore, in a case study with a corpus of decisions of the Rio de Janeiro State Court of Accounts, it was noted that data pre-processing plays an essential role in modeling relevant topics. Also, the combination of topic modeling and a calculated distance metric over document represented among generated topics has been proved useful in helping to construct a labeled base of similar and non-similar document pairs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=courts%20of%20accounts" title="courts of accounts">courts of accounts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20labelling" title=" data labelling"> data labelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=document%20similarity" title=" document similarity"> document similarity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=topic%20modeling" title=" topic modeling"> topic modeling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/121281/towards-law-data-labelling-using-topic-modelling" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/121281.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">179</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">25143</span> Using Satellite Images Datasets for Road Intersection Detection in Route Planning</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatma%20El-Zahraa%20El-Taher">Fatma El-Zahraa El-Taher</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayman%20Taha"> Ayman Taha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jane%20Courtney"> Jane Courtney</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Susan%20Mckeever"> Susan Mckeever</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Understanding road networks plays an important role in navigation applications such as self-driving vehicles and route planning for individual journeys. Intersections of roads are essential components of road networks. Understanding the features of an intersection, from a simple T-junction to larger multi-road junctions, is critical to decisions such as crossing roads or selecting the safest routes. The identification and profiling of intersections from satellite images is a challenging task. While deep learning approaches offer the state-of-the-art in image classification and detection, the availability of training datasets is a bottleneck in this approach. In this paper, a labelled satellite image dataset for the intersection recognition problem is presented. It consists of 14,692 satellite images of Washington DC, USA. To support other users of the dataset, an automated download and labelling script is provided for dataset replication. The challenges of construction and fine-grained feature labelling of a satellite image dataset is examined, including the issue of how to address features that are spread across multiple images. Finally, the accuracy of the detection of intersections in satellite images is evaluated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=satellite%20images" title="satellite images">satellite images</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=remote%20sensing%20images" title=" remote sensing images"> remote sensing images</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20acquisition" title=" data acquisition"> data acquisition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autonomous%20vehicles" title=" autonomous vehicles"> autonomous vehicles</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145141/using-satellite-images-datasets-for-road-intersection-detection-in-route-planning" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145141.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">144</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">25142</span> Ex-Offenders’ Labelling, Stigmatisation and Unsuccessful Re-Integration as Factors Leading into Recidivism: A South African Context</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tshimangadzo%20Oscar%20Magadze">Tshimangadzo Oscar Magadze</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> For successful re-integration, the individual offender must adapt and transform, which requires that the offender should adopt and internalise socially approved norms, attitudes, values, and beliefs. However, the offender’s labelling and community stigmatisation decide the destination of the offender. Community involvement in ex-offenders’ re-integration is an important issue in efforts to reduce recidivism and to control overcrowding in our correctional facilities. Crime is a social problem that requires society to come together to fight against it. This study was conducted in the Limpopo Province in Vhembe District Municipality within four local municipalities, namely Musina, Makhado, Mutale, and Thulamela. A total number of 30 participants were interviewed, and all were members of the Community Corrections Forums. This was necessitated by the fact that Musina is a very small area, which compelled the Department of Correctional Services to combine the two (Musina and Makhado) into one social re-integration entity. This is a qualitative research study where participants were selected through the use of purposive sampling. Participants were selected based on the value they would add to this study in order to achieve the objectives. The data collection method of this study was the focus group, which comprised of three groups of 10 participants each. Thulamela and Mutale local municipalities formed a group with (10) participants each, whereas Musina (2) and Makhado (8) formed another. Results indicate that the current situation is not conducive for re-integration to be successful. Participants raised many factors that need serious redress, namely offenders’ discrimination, lack of forgiveness by members of the community, which is fuelled by lack of community awareness due to the failure of the Department of Correctional Services in educating communities on ex-offenders’ re-integration. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ex-offender" title="ex-offender">ex-offender</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=labeling" title=" labeling"> labeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=re-integration" title=" re-integration"> re-integration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stigmatization" title=" stigmatization"> stigmatization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129297/ex-offenders-labelling-stigmatisation-and-unsuccessful-re-integration-as-factors-leading-into-recidivism-a-south-african-context" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129297.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">147</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">25141</span> Study of the Composition of Lipids in Different Kinds of Packaged Food Products</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zineb%20Taidirt">Zineb Taidirt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fathia%20Sebahi"> Fathia Sebahi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Karim%20Guarchani"> Mohamed Karim Guarchani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anissa%20Berkane"> Anissa Berkane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noureddine%20Smail"> Noureddine Smail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ouahiba%20Hadjoudj"> Ouahiba Hadjoudj</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cardiovascular diseases are one of the most important causes of death in Algeria. Several risk factors are responsible for this, including the consumption of foods containing saturated fat and trans fatty acids TFAs. This brief presents the results of a descriptive study of the lipid composition of 251 food products marketed in Algeria. The objective of the study is to describe the nature and composition of lipids and to verify the compliance of saturated and trans fatty acids intakes with the regulations. The study is based on data from the nutrition labelling of marketed food products. The results showed that the lipids in foodstuffs are diverse in nature and of varying amounts, but their nature is not specified on all products. In addition, the required content of saturated fatty acids is mentioned only in 29.48% of the products; 21.62% of them do not comply with the standard. Hydrogenation of fats, which produced Trans fatty acids, is common: 19.92% of products contain hydrogenated fats, and 74.89% may contain them according to the aspect of the lipid (solid fat). However, the trans fatty acid content is only mentioned in 5.18% of the products. The latter is above the limits set by Algerian regulations in 50% of the butter samples studied. The composition of lipids in mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids essential for the body is insufficient: only 13.94% of the products inform their contents on their labels. It is necessary to adopt mandatory restriction of trans fatty acids, to ban the use of partially-hydrogenated oils, and to require required mandatory labeling of the TFAs and the other fatty acids on packaged foods, and to conduct more studies in order to appreciate the intake of TFAs and saturated fat and appreciate their effects on the Algerian population and to get more informed about the composition of the lipid in packaged foods. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cardiovascular%20diseases" title="cardiovascular diseases">cardiovascular diseases</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lipids" title=" lipids"> lipids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nutrition%20labelling" title=" nutrition labelling"> nutrition labelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lipids" title=" lipids"> lipids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trans%20fatty%20acids" title=" trans fatty acids"> trans fatty acids</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130716/study-of-the-composition-of-lipids-in-different-kinds-of-packaged-food-products" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130716.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">127</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">25140</span> Consumer Knowledge of Food Quality Assurance and Use of Food Labels in Trinidad, West Indies </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daryl%20Clement%20Knutt">Daryl Clement Knutt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Neela%20Badrie"> Neela Badrie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marsha%20Singh"> Marsha Singh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Quality assurance and product labelling are vital in the food and drink industry, as a tactical tool in a competitive environment. The food label is a principal marketing tool which also serves as a regulatory mechanism in the safeguarding of consumer well –being. The objective of this study was to evaluate the level of consumers’ use and understanding of food labeling information and knowledge pertaining to food quality assurance systems. The study population consisted of Trinidadian adults, who were over the age of 18 (n=384). Data collection was conducted via a self-administered questionnaire, which contained 31 questions, comprising of four sections: I. socio demographic information; II. food quality and quality assurance; III. use of Labeling information; and IV. laws and regulations. Sampling was conducted at six supermarkets, in five major regions of the country over a period of three weeks in 2014. The demographic profile of the shoppers revealed that majority was female (63.6%). The gender factor and those who were concerned about the nutrient content of their food, were predictive indicators of those who read food labels. Most (93.1%) read food labels before purchase, 15.4% ‘always’; 32.5% ‘most times’ and 45.2% ‘sometimes’. Some (42%) were often satisfied with the information presented on food labels, whilst 35.7% of consumers were unsatisfied. When the respondents were questioned on their familiarity with terms ‘food quality’ and ‘food quality assurance’, 21.3% of consumers replied positively - ‘I have heard the terms and know a lot’ whilst 37% were only ‘somewhat familiar’. Consumers were mainly knowledgeable of the International Standard of Organization (ISO) (51.5%) and Good Agricultural Practices GAP (38%) as quality tools. Participants ranked ‘nutritional information’ as the number one labeling element that should be better presented, followed by ‘allergy notes’ and ‘best before date’. Females were more inclined to read labels being the household shoppers. The shoppers would like better presentation of the food labelling information so as to guide their decision to purchase a product. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=food%20labels" title="food labels">food labels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=food%20quality" title=" food quality"> food quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nutrition" title=" nutrition"> nutrition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=marketing" title=" marketing"> marketing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Trinidad" title=" Trinidad"> Trinidad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tobago" title=" Tobago "> Tobago </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25136/consumer-knowledge-of-food-quality-assurance-and-use-of-food-labels-in-trinidad-west-indies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25136.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">490</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">25139</span> Multiscale Connected Component Labelling and Applications to Scientific Microscopy Image Processing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yayun%20Hsu">Yayun Hsu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Henry%20Horng-Shing%20Lu"> Henry Horng-Shing Lu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, a new method is proposed to extending the method of connected component labeling from processing binary images to multi-scale modeling of images. By using the adaptive threshold of multi-scale attributes, this approach minimizes the possibility of missing those important components with weak intensities. In addition, the computational cost of this approach remains similar to that of the typical approach of component labeling. Then, this methodology is applied to grain boundary detection and Drosophila Brain-bow neuron segmentation. These demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach in the analysis of challenging microscopy images for scientific discovery. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microscopic%20image%20processing" title="microscopic image processing">microscopic image processing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scientific%20data%20mining" title=" scientific data mining"> scientific data mining</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-scale%20modeling" title=" multi-scale modeling"> multi-scale modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20mining" title=" data mining"> data mining</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2589/multiscale-connected-component-labelling-and-applications-to-scientific-microscopy-image-processing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2589.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">434</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">25138</span> To Examine Perceptions and Associations of Shock Food Labelling and to Assess the Impact on Consumer Behaviour: A Quasi-Experimental Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amy%20Heaps">Amy Heaps</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amy%20Burns"> Amy Burns</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Una%20McMahon-Beattie"> Una McMahon-Beattie</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Shock and fear tactics have been used to encourage consumer behaviour change within the UK regarding lifestyle choices such as smoking and alcohol abuse, yet such measures have not been applied to food labels to encourage healthier purchasing decisions. Obesity levels are continuing to rise within the UK, despite efforts made by government and charitable bodies to encourage consumer behavioural changes, which will have a positive influence on their fat, salt, and sugar intake. We know that taking extreme measures to shock consumers into behavioural changes has worked previously; for example, the anti-smoking television adverts and new standardised cigarette and tobacco packaging have reduced the numbers of the UK adult population who smoke or encouraged those who are currently trying to quit. The USA has also introduced new front-of-pack labelling, which is clear, easy to read, and includes concise health warnings on products high in fat, salt, or sugar. This model has been successful, with consumers reducing purchases of products with these warning labels present. Therefore, investigating if shock labels would have an impact on UK consumer behaviour and purchasing decisions would help to fill the gap within this research field. This study aims to develop an understanding of consumer’s initial responses to shock advertising with an interest in the perceived impact of long-term effect shock advertising on consumer food purchasing decisions, behaviour, and attitudes and will achieve this through a mixed methodological approach taken with a sample size of 25 participants ages ranging from 22 and 60. Within this research, shock mock labels were developed, including a graphic image, health warning, and get-help information. These labels were made for products (available within the UK) with large market shares which were high in either fat, salt, or sugar. The use of online focus groups and mouse-tracking experiments results helped to develop an understanding of consumer’s initial responses to shock advertising with interest in the perceived impact of long-term effect shock advertising on consumer food purchasing decisions, behaviour, and attitudes. Preliminary results have shown that consumers believe that the use of graphic images, combined with a health warning, would encourage consumer behaviour change and influence their purchasing decisions regarding those products which are high in fat, salt and sugar. Preliminary main findings show that graphic mock shock labels may have an impact on consumer behaviour and purchasing decisions, which will, in turn, encourage healthier lifestyles. Focus group results show that 72% of participants indicated that these shock labels would have an impact on their purchasing decisions. During the mouse tracking trials, this increased to 80% of participants, showing that more exposure to shock labels may have a bigger impact on potential consumer behaviour and purchasing decision change. In conclusion, preliminary results indicate that graphic shock labels will impact consumer purchasing decisions. Findings allow for a deeper understanding of initial emotional responses to these graphic labels. However, more research is needed to test the longevity of these labels on consumer purchasing decisions, but this research exercise is demonstrably the foundation for future detailed work. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=consumer%20behavior" title="consumer behavior">consumer behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decision%20making" title=" decision making"> decision making</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=labelling%20legislation" title=" labelling legislation"> labelling legislation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=purchasing%20decisions" title=" purchasing decisions"> purchasing decisions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shock%20advertising" title=" shock advertising"> shock advertising</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shock%20labelling" title=" shock labelling"> shock labelling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144989/to-examine-perceptions-and-associations-of-shock-food-labelling-and-to-assess-the-impact-on-consumer-behaviour-a-quasi-experimental-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144989.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">67</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">25137</span> Features for Measuring Credibility on Facebook Information </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kanda%20Runapongsa%20Saikaew">Kanda Runapongsa Saikaew</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chaluemwut%20Noyunsan"> Chaluemwut Noyunsan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nowadays social media information, such as news, links, images, or VDOs, is shared extensively. However, the effectiveness of disseminating information through social media lacks in quality: less fact checking, more biases, and several rumors. Many researchers have investigated about credibility on Twitter, but there is no the research report about credibility information on Facebook. This paper proposes features for measuring credibility on Facebook information. We developed the system for credibility on Facebook. First, we have developed FB credibility evaluator for measuring credibility of each post by manual human’s labelling. We then collected the training data for creating a model using Support Vector Machine (SVM). Secondly, we developed a chrome extension of FB credibility for Facebook users to evaluate the credibility of each post. Based on the usage analysis of our FB credibility chrome extension, about 81% of users’ responses agree with suggested credibility automatically computed by the proposed system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=facebook" title="facebook">facebook</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20media" title=" social media"> social media</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=credibility%20measurement" title=" credibility measurement"> credibility measurement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internet" title=" internet"> internet</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19369/features-for-measuring-credibility-on-facebook-information" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19369.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">356</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">25136</span> Evaluating the Characteristics of Paediatric Accidental Poisonings</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Grace%20Fangmin%20Tan">Grace Fangmin Tan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elaine%20Yiling%20Tay"> Elaine Yiling Tay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elizabeth%20Huiwen%20Tham"> Elizabeth Huiwen Tham</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrea%20Wei%20Ching%20Yeo"> Andrea Wei Ching Yeo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: While accidental poisonings in children may seem unavoidable, knowledge of circumstances surrounding such incidents and identification of risk factors is important in the development of secondary prevention strategies. Some risk factors include age of the child, lack of adequate supervision and improper storage of substances. The aim of this study is to assess risk factors and circumstances influencing outcomes in these children. Methodology: A retrospective medical record review of all accidental poisoning cases presenting to the Children’s Emergency at National University Hospital (NUH), Singapore between January 2014 and December 2015 was conducted. Information on demographics, poisoning circumstances and clinical outcomes were collected. Results: Ninety-nine of a total of 186 poisoning cases were accidental ingestions, with a mean age of 4.7 (range 0.4 to 18.3 years). The gender distribution is rather equal with 52(52.5%) females and 47(47.5%) males. Seventy-nine (79.8%) were self-administered by the child and in 20 cases (20.2%), the substance was administered erroneously by caregivers 12/20 (60.0%) of whom were given the wrong drug dose while 8/20 (40.0%) were given the wrong substance. Self-administration was associated with presentation to the ED within 12 hours (p=0.027, OR 6.65, 95% CI 1.24-35.72). Notably, 94.9% of the cases involved substances kept within reach of the child. Sixty-nine (82.1%) had the substance kept in the original container, 3(3.6%) in food containers, 8(9.5%) in other containers and 4(4.8%) without a container. Of the 50 cases with information on labelling, 40/50(80.0%) were accurately labelled, 2/50 (4.0%) wrongly labelled, and 8/50 (16.0%) were unlabelled. Implicated substances included personal care products (11.1%), household cleaning products (3.0%), and different classes of drugs such as paracetamol (22.2%), antihistamines (17.2%) and sympathomimetics (8.1%). Children < 3 years of age were 4.8 times more likely to be poisoned by household substances than children >3 years of age (p=0.009, 95% CI 1.48-15.77). Prehospital interventions were more likely to have been done in poisoning with household substances (p=0.005, OR 6.12 95% CI 1.73-21.68). Fifty-nine (59.6%) were asymptomatic, 34 (34.3%) had a Poisoning Severity Score (PSS) grade of 1 (minor) and 6 (6.1%) grade 2 (moderate). Older children were 9.3 times more likely to be symptomatic (p<0.001, 95% CI 3.15-27.25). Thirty (32%) required admission. Conclusion: A significant proportion of accidental poisoning cases were due to medication administration errors by caregivers, which should be preventable. Risk factors for accidental poisoning included lack of adequate caregiver supervision, improper labelling and young age of the child. There is an urgent need to improve caregiver counselling during medication dispensing as well as to educate caregivers on basic child safety measures in the home to prevent future accidental poisonings. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accidental" title="accidental">accidental</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=caregiver" title=" caregiver"> caregiver</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=paediatrics" title=" paediatrics"> paediatrics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=poisoning" title=" poisoning"> poisoning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75557/evaluating-the-characteristics-of-paediatric-accidental-poisonings" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75557.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">211</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">25135</span> VideoAssist: A Labelling Assistant to Increase Efficiency in Annotating Video-Based Fire Dataset Using a Foundation Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Keyur%20Joshi">Keyur Joshi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Philip%20Dietrich"> Philip Dietrich</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tjark%20Windisch"> Tjark Windisch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Markus%20K%C3%B6nig"> Markus König</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the field of surveillance-based fire detection, the volume of incoming data is increasing rapidly. However, the labeling of a large industrial dataset is costly due to the high annotation costs associated with current state-of-the-art methods, which often require bounding boxes or segmentation masks for model training. This paper introduces VideoAssist, a video annotation solution that utilizes a video-based foundation model to annotate entire videos with minimal effort, requiring the labeling of bounding boxes for only a few keyframes. To the best of our knowledge, VideoAssist is the first method to significantly reduce the effort required for labeling fire detection videos. The approach offers bounding box and segmentation annotations for the video dataset with minimal manual effort. Results demonstrate that the performance of labels annotated by VideoAssist is comparable to those annotated by humans, indicating the potential applicability of this approach in fire detection scenarios. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fire%20detection" title="fire detection">fire detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=label%20annotation" title=" label annotation"> label annotation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foundation%20models" title=" foundation models"> foundation models</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=object%20detection" title=" object detection"> object detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=segmentation" title=" segmentation"> segmentation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194622/videoassist-a-labelling-assistant-to-increase-efficiency-in-annotating-video-based-fire-dataset-using-a-foundation-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194622.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">6</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">25134</span> A Study on the Different Components of a Typical Back-Scattered Chipless RFID Tag Reflection </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatemeh%20Babaeian">Fatemeh Babaeian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nemai%20Chandra%20Karmakar"> Nemai Chandra Karmakar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Chipless RFID system is a wireless system for tracking and identification which use passive tags for encoding data. The advantage of using chipless RFID tag is having a planar tag which is printable on different low-cost materials like paper and plastic. The printed tag can be attached to different items in the labelling level. Since the price of chipless RFID tag can be as low as a fraction of a cent, this technology has the potential to compete with the conventional optical barcode labels. However, due to the passive structure of the tag, data processing of the reflection signal is a crucial challenge. The captured reflected signal from a tag attached to an item consists of different components which are the reflection from the reader antenna, the reflection from the item, the tag structural mode RCS component and the antenna mode RCS of the tag. All these components are summed up in both time and frequency domains. The effect of reflection from the item and the structural mode RCS component can distort/saturate the frequency domain signal and cause difficulties in extracting the desired component which is the antenna mode RCS. Therefore, it is required to study the reflection of the tag in both time and frequency domains to have a better understanding of the nature of the captured chipless RFID signal. The other benefits of this study can be to find an optimised encoding technique in tag design level and to find the best processing algorithm the chipless RFID signal in decoding level. In this paper, the reflection from a typical backscattered chipless RFID tag with six resonances is analysed, and different components of the signal are separated in both time and frequency domains. Moreover, the time domain signal corresponding to each resonator of the tag is studied. The data for this processing was captured from simulation in CST Microwave Studio 2017. The outcome of this study is understanding different components of a measured signal in a chipless RFID system and a discovering a research gap which is a need to find an optimum detection algorithm for tag ID extraction. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antenna%20mode%20RCS" title="antenna mode RCS">antenna mode RCS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chipless%20RFID%20tag" title=" chipless RFID tag"> chipless RFID tag</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resonance" title=" resonance"> resonance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structural%20mode%20RCS" title=" structural mode RCS"> structural mode RCS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103734/a-study-on-the-different-components-of-a-typical-back-scattered-chipless-rfid-tag-reflection" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103734.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">200</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">25133</span> Gc-ms Data Integrated Chemometrics for the Authentication of Vegetable Oil Brands in Minna, Niger State, Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rasaq%20Bolakale%20Salau">Rasaq Bolakale Salau</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maimuna%20Muhammad%20Abubakar"> Maimuna Muhammad Abubakar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jonathan%20Yisa"> Jonathan Yisa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Tauheed%20Bisiriyu"> Muhammad Tauheed Bisiriyu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jimoh%20Oladejo%20Tijani"> Jimoh Oladejo Tijani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexander%20Ifeanyi%20Ajai"> Alexander Ifeanyi Ajai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Vegetables oils are widely consumed in Nigeria. This has led to competitive manufacture of various oil brands. This leads increasing tendencies for fraud, labelling misinformation and other unwholesome practices. A total of thirty samples including raw and corresponding branded samples of vegetable oils were collected. The Oils were extracted from raw ground nut, soya bean and oil palm fruits. The GC-MS data was subjected to chemometric techniques of PCA and HCA. The SOLO 8.7 version of the standalone chemometrics software developed by Eigenvector research incorporated and powered by PLS Toolbox was used. The GCMS fingerprint gave basis for discrimination as it reveals four predominant but unevenly distributed fatty acids: Hexadecanoic acid methyl ester (10.27- 45.21% PA), 9,12-octadecadienoic acid methyl ester (10.9 - 45.94% PA), 9-octadecenoic acid methyl ester (18.75 - 45.65%PA), and Eicosanoic acid methyl ester (1.19% - 6.29%PA). In PCA modelling, two PCs are retained at cumulative variance captured at 73.15%. The score plots indicated that palm oil brands are most aligned with raw palm oil. PCA loading plot reveals the signature retention times between 4.0 and 6.0 needed for quality assurance and authentication of the oils samples. They are of aromatic hydrocarbons, alcohols and aldehydes functional groups. HCA dendrogram which was modeled using Euclidian distance through Wards method, indicated co-equivalent samples. HCA revealed the pair of raw palm oil brand and palm oil brand in the closest neighbourhood (± 1.62 % A difference) based on variance weighted distance. It showed Palm olein brand to be most authentic. In conclusion, based on the GCMS data with chemometrics, the authenticity of the branded samples is ranked as: Palm oil > Soya oil > groundnut oil. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vegetable%20oil" title="vegetable oil">vegetable oil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=authenticity" title=" authenticity"> authenticity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemometrics" title=" chemometrics"> chemometrics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PCA" title=" PCA"> PCA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HCA" title=" HCA"> HCA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GC-MS" title=" GC-MS"> GC-MS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190371/gc-ms-data-integrated-chemometrics-for-the-authentication-of-vegetable-oil-brands-in-minna-niger-state-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190371.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">30</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">25132</span> A New Approach to Increase Consumer Understanding of Meal’s Quality – Food Focus Instead of Nutrient Focus</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elsa%20Lamy">Elsa Lamy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mar%C3%ADlia%20Prada"> Marília Prada</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ada%20Rocha"> Ada Rocha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cl%C3%A1udia%20Viegas"> Cláudia Viegas</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The traditional and widely used nutrition-focused approach to communicate with consumers is reductionist and makes it difficult for consumers to assess their food intake. Without sufficient nutrition knowledge and understanding, it would be difficult to choose a healthful diet based only on nutritional recommendations. This study aimed to evaluate the understanding of how food/nutritional information is presented in menus to Portuguese consumers, comparing the nutrient-focused approach (currently used Nutrition Declaration) and the new food-focused approach (the infographic). For data collection, a questionnaire was distributed online using social media channels. A main effect of format on ratings of meal balance and completeness (Fbalance(1,79) = 18.26, p < .001, ηp2 = .188; Fcompleteness(1,67) = 27.18, p < .001, ηp2 = .289). Overall, dishes paired with the nutritional information were rated as more balanced (Mbalance= 3.70, SE = .11; Mcompleteness = 4.00, SE = .14) than meals with the infographic representation (Mbalance = 3.14, SE = .11; Mcompleteness = 3.29, SE = .13). We also observed a main effect of the meal, F(3,237) = 48.90, p < .001, ηp2 = .382, such that M1 and M2 were perceived as less balanced than the M3 and M4, all p < .001. The use of a food-focused approach (infographic) helped participants identify the lack of balance in the less healthful meals (dishes M1 and M2), allowing for a better understanding of meals' compliance with recommendations contributing to better food choices and a healthier lifestyle. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=food%20labelling" title="food labelling">food labelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=food%20and%20nutritional%20recommendations" title=" food and nutritional recommendations"> food and nutritional recommendations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infographics" title=" infographics"> infographics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=portions%20based%20information" title=" portions based information"> portions based information</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164297/a-new-approach-to-increase-consumer-understanding-of-meals-quality-food-focus-instead-of-nutrient-focus" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164297.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">79</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">25131</span> Synthesis of CeF3:Sm3+ Nanophosphor for Biological Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mayuri%20Gandhi">Mayuri Gandhi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nayan%20Agrawal"> Nayan Agrawal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Harshita%20Bhatia"> Harshita Bhatia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the present work, cerium fluoride (CeF3) was selected as the host material because of its high density, fast response and high radiation resistance, efficient absorption and energy transfer by host (to activator). For the synthesis of CeF3 nanoparticles doped with Sm3+ ion, co-precipitation route was employed. Thus for optimum results, concentration dependent studies of the fluorescence of Sm3+ was carried out. The photoluminescence gave emissions in both visible as well as the NIR region and therefore it can have its application in solar cells, where it can absorb a large spectrum of energy. CeF3:Sm3+ nanoparticles were carefully incorporated in a suitable polymer matrix in order to demonstrate a variety of applications to improve the performance of the polymer materials and use it to develop high grade optoelectronic devices such as LEDs, security labelling, lasers, displays, biological imaging, etc. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioimaging" title="bioimaging">bioimaging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cerium%20fluoride" title=" cerium fluoride"> cerium fluoride</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NIR%20emission" title=" NIR emission"> NIR emission</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=samarium" title=" samarium "> samarium </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14470/synthesis-of-cef3sm3-nanophosphor-for-biological-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14470.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">417</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">25130</span> A Case Study of Clinicians’ Perceptions of Enterprise Content Management at Tygerberg Hospital</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Temitope%20O.%20Tokosi">Temitope O. Tokosi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Healthcare is a human right. The sensitivity of health issues has necessitated the introduction of Enterprise Content Management (ECM) at district hospitals in the Western Cape Province of South Africa. The objective is understanding clinicians’ perception of ECM at their workplace. It is a descriptive case study design of constructivist paradigm. It employed a phenomenological data analysis method using a pattern matching deductive based analytical procedure. Purposive and s4nowball sampling techniques were applied in selecting participants. Clinicians expressed concerns and frustrations using ECM such as, non-integration with other hospital systems. Inadequate access points to ECM. Incorrect labelling of notes and bar-coding causes more time wasted in finding information. System features and/or functions (such as search and edit) are not possible. Hospital management and clinicians are not constantly interacting and discussing. Information turnaround time is unacceptably lengthy. Resolving these problems would involve a positive working relationship between hospital management and clinicians. In addition, prioritising the problems faced by clinicians in relation to relevance can ensure problem-solving in order to meet clinicians’ expectations and hospitals’ objective. Clinicians’ perception should invoke attention from hospital management with regards technology use. The study’s results can be generalised across clinician groupings exposed to ECM at various district hospitals because of professional and hospital homogeneity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clinician" title="clinician">clinician</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electronic%20content%20management" title=" electronic content management"> electronic content management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hospital" title=" hospital"> hospital</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perception" title=" perception"> perception</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=technology" title=" technology"> technology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70508/a-case-study-of-clinicians-perceptions-of-enterprise-content-management-at-tygerberg-hospital" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70508.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">233</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">25129</span> Nutrient Content and Labelling Status of Pre-Packaged Beverages in Saudi Arabia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ruyuf%20Y.%20Alnafisah">Ruyuf Y. Alnafisah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nouf%20S.%20Alammari"> Nouf S. Alammari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amani%20S.%20Alqahtani"> Amani S. Alqahtani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Beverage choice can have implications for the risk of non-communicable diseases. However, there is a lack of knowledge in assessing the nutritional content of these beverages. This study aims to describe the nutrient content of pre-packaged beverages available in the Saudi market. Design: Data were collected from the Saudi Branded Food Data-base (SBFD). Nutrient content was standardized in terms of units and reference volumes to ensure consistency in analysis. Results: A total of 1490 beverages were analyzed. The highest median levels of the majority of nutrients were found among dairy products; energy (68.4(43-188]kcal/100 ml in a milkshake); protein (8.2(0.5-8.2]g/100 ml in yogurt drinks); total fat (2.1(1.3-3.5]g/100 ml in milk); saturated fat (1.4(0-1.4]g/100 ml in yogurt drinks); cholesterol (30(0-30]mg/100 ml in yogurt drinks); sodium (65(65-65].4mg/100 ml in yogurt drinks); and total sugars (12.9(7.5-27]g/100 ml in milkshake). Carbohydrate level was the highest in nectar (13(11.8-14.2] g/100ml]; fruits drinks (12.9(11.9-13.9] g/100ml), and sparkling juices (12.9(8.8-14] g/100ml). The highest added sugar level was observed among regular soft drinks (12(10.8-14] g/100ml). The average rate of nutrient declaration was 60.95%. Carbo-hydrate had the highest declaration rate among nutrients (99.1%), and yogurt drinks had the highest declaration rate among beverage categories (92.7%). The median content of vitamins A and D in dairy products met the mandatory addition levels. Conclusion: This study provides valuable insights into the nutrient content of pre-packaged beverages in the Saudi market. It serves as a foundation for future research and monitoring. The findings of the study support the idea of taxing sugary beverages and raise concerns about the health effects of high sugar in fruit juices. Despite the inclusion of vitamins D and A in dairy products, the study highlights the need for alternative strategies to address these deficiencies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pre-packaged%20beverages" title="pre-packaged beverages">pre-packaged beverages</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nutrients%20content" title=" nutrients content"> nutrients content</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nutrients%20declaration" title=" nutrients declaration"> nutrients declaration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=daily%20percentage%20value" title=" daily percentage value"> daily percentage value</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mandatory%20addition%20of%20vitamins" title=" mandatory addition of vitamins"> mandatory addition of vitamins</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183571/nutrient-content-and-labelling-status-of-pre-packaged-beverages-in-saudi-arabia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183571.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">58</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">25128</span> Data Transformations in Data Envelopment Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mansour%20Mohammadpour">Mansour Mohammadpour</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Data transformation refers to the modification of any point in a data set by a mathematical function. When applying transformations, the measurement scale of the data is modified. Data transformations are commonly employed to turn data into the appropriate form, which can serve various functions in the quantitative analysis of the data. This study addresses the investigation of the use of data transformations in Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Although data transformations are important options for analysis, they do fundamentally alter the nature of the variable, making the interpretation of the results somewhat more complex. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20transformation" title="data transformation">data transformation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20envelopment%20analysis" title=" data envelopment analysis"> data envelopment analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=undesirable%20data" title=" undesirable data"> undesirable data</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=negative%20data" title=" negative data"> negative data</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192236/data-transformations-in-data-envelopment-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192236.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">20</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">25127</span> Dairy Products on the Algerian Market: Proportion of Imitation and Degree of Processing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bentayeb-Ait%20Lounis%20Sa%C3%AFda">Bentayeb-Ait Lounis Saïda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cheref%20Zahia"> Cheref Zahia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cherifi%20Thizi"> Cherifi Thizi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ri%20Kahina%20Bahmed"> Ri Kahina Bahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kahina%20Hallali%20Yasmine%20Abdellaoui"> Kahina Hallali Yasmine Abdellaoui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kenza%20Adli"> Kenza Adli</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Algeria is the leading consumer of dairy products in North Africa. This is a fact. However, the nutritional quality of the latter remains unknown. The aim of this study is to characterise the dairy products available on the Algerian market in order to assess whether they constitute a healthy and safe choice. To do this, it collected data on the labelling of 390 dairy products, including cheese, yoghurt, UHT milk and milk drinks, infant formula and dairy creams. We assessed their degree of processing according to the NOVA classification, as well as the proportion of imitation products. The study was carried out between March 2020 and August 2023. The results show that 88% are ultra-processed; 84% for 'cheese', 92% for dairy creams, 92% for 'yoghurt', 100% for infant formula, 92% for margarines and 36% for UHT milk/dairy drinks. As for imitation/analogue dairy products, the study revealed the following proportions: 100% for infant formula, 78% for butter/margarine, 18% for UHT milk/milk-based drinks, 54% for cheese, 2% for camembert and 75% for dairy cream. The harmful effects of consuming ultra-processed products on long-term health are increasingly documented in dozens of publications. The findings of this study sound the alarm about the health risks to which Algerian consumers are exposed. Various scientific, economic and industrial bodies need to be involved in order to safeguard consumer health in both the short and long term. Food awareness and education campaigns should be organised. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dairy" title="dairy">dairy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UPF" title=" UPF"> UPF</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NOVA" title=" NOVA"> NOVA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=yoghurt" title=" yoghurt"> yoghurt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cheese" title=" cheese"> cheese</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/187439/dairy-products-on-the-algerian-market-proportion-of-imitation-and-degree-of-processing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/187439.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">35</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">25126</span> The Laser Line Detection for Autonomous Mapping Based on Color Segmentation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pavel%20Chmelar">Pavel Chmelar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Martin%20Dobrovolny"> Martin Dobrovolny</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Laser projection or laser footprint detection is today widely used in many fields of robotics, measurement, or electronics. The system accuracy strictly depends on precise laser footprint detection on target objects. This article deals with the laser line detection based on the RGB segmentation and the component labeling. As a measurement device was used the developed optical rangefinder. The optical rangefinder is equipped with vertical sweeping of the laser beam and high quality camera. This system was developed mainly for automatic exploration and mapping of unknown spaces. In the first section is presented a new detection algorithm. In the second section are presented measurements results. The measurements were performed in variable light conditions in interiors. The last part of the article present achieved results and their differences between day and night measurements. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=color%20segmentation" title="color segmentation">color segmentation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=component%20labelling" title=" component labelling"> component labelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laser%20line%20detection" title=" laser line detection"> laser line detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=automatic%20mapping" title=" automatic mapping"> automatic mapping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distance%20measurement" title=" distance measurement"> distance measurement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vector%20map" title=" vector map"> vector map</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1789/the-laser-line-detection-for-autonomous-mapping-based-on-color-segmentation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1789.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">432</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">25125</span> Between Hope and Despair: Exploring Experiences and Belonging of Return Migrants and Their Children in Albania</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elida%20Cena">Elida Cena</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Return migration is receiving increased attention as the phenomenon challenges assumptions of natural ‘homecomings’. This talk outlines preliminary findings from an ongoing PhD study which explores return migration of Albanian migrants (aged 30-50 years) and their children (aged 7-18 years). Participants (n=51) were purposively recruited from two Albanian cities with divergent social and economic conditions, and the majority had returned from Greece following the recent economic downturn in that country. Qualitative data were collected through in-depth interviews with respondents aged 13 years and above, and were augmented with focus groups and family case studies. Data collection for case studies was aided by photo elicitation, interviews and participatory techniques (drawing) were employed for children aged 7-12 years. Through a multidisciplinary perspective, findings will uncover experiences of migrants and children upon return, the quest to identify with the originating country and create a sense of belongingness. Narrative analysis reveals that the abrupt return was associated with ambivalent feelings and disillusionment about their (re)settlement for both younger and older participants. Faced with unexpected realities and lack of opportunities, particularly for the children of migrants, Albania is viewed as a ‘transit country’, a temporary solution to escape the crisis in the destination country and move to a more developed western country. Adult return migrants articulate lack of employment and insecurity for the future. Apart from school difficulties, children experience isolation and social exclusion, marked by stigmatized labelling from other peers which exacerbates their belonging. Such mobilities have had deeper effects in complicating family relationships as influenced by many disintegration factors. Feelings of alienation and being emigrant for the second time were common in participants' accounts. Findings concerning the difficulties of individuals (re)connecting with their ethnic background and the impact on their identities are discussed in relation to the literature on return migration and identification. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=return%20migration" title="return migration">return migration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=belonging" title=" belonging"> belonging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=identity" title=" identity"> identity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=disintegration" title=" disintegration"> disintegration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=integration" title=" integration"> integration</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67335/between-hope-and-despair-exploring-experiences-and-belonging-of-return-migrants-and-their-children-in-albania" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67335.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">362</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">25124</span> Unpacking the Summarising Event in Trauma Emergencies: The Case of Pre-briefings</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Professor%20Jo%20Angouri">Professor Jo Angouri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Polina%20Mesinioti"> Polina Mesinioti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chris%20Turner"> Chris Turner</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In order for a group of ad-hoc professional to perform as a team, a shared understanding of the problem at hand and an agreed action plan are necessary components. This is particularly significant in complex, time sensitive professional settings such as in trauma emergencies. In this context, team briefings prior to the patient arrival (pre-briefings) constitute a critical event for the performance of the team; they provide the necessary space for co-constructing a shared understanding of the situation through summarising information available to the team: yet the act of summarising is widely assumed in medical practice but not systematically researched. In the vast teamwork literature, terms such as ‘shared mental model’, ‘mental space’ and ‘cognate labelling’ are used extensively, and loosely, to denote the outcome of the summarising process, but how exactly this is done interactionally remains under researched. This paper reports on the forms and functions of pre-briefings in a major trauma centre in the UK. Taking an interactional approach, we draw on 30 simulated and real-life trauma emergencies (15 from each dataset) and zoom in on the use of pre-briefings, which we consider focal points in the management of trauma emergencies. We show how ad hoc teams negotiate sharedness of future orientation through summarising, synthesising information, and establishing common understanding of the situation. We illustrate the role, characteristics, and structure of pre-briefing sequences that have been evaluated as ‘efficient’ in our data and the impact (in)effective pre-briefings have on teamwork. Our work shows that the key roles in the event own the act of summarising and we problematise the implications for leadership in trauma emergencies. We close the paper with a model for pre-briefing and provide recommendations for clinical practice, arguing that effective pre-briefing practice is teachable. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=summarising" title="summarising">summarising</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medical%20emergencies" title=" medical emergencies"> medical emergencies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interaction%20analysis" title=" interaction analysis"> interaction analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shared%2Fmental%20models" title=" shared/mental models"> shared/mental models</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168974/unpacking-the-summarising-event-in-trauma-emergencies-the-case-of-pre-briefings" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168974.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">93</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">25123</span> A Luminescence Study of Bi³⁺ Codoping on Eu³⁺ Doped YPO₄</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Yaiphaba">N. Yaiphaba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elizabeth%20C.%20H."> Elizabeth C. H.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> YPO₄ nanoparticles codoped with Eu³⁺(5 at.%) and Bi³⁺(0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 12, 15, 20 at.%) have been prepared in poly acrylic acid (PAA)-H₂O medium by hydrothermal synthesis by maintaining a temperature of 180oC. The crystalline structure of as-prepared and 500oC annealed samples transforms from tetragonal (JCPDS-11-0254) to hexagonal phase (JCPDS-42-0082) with increasing concentration of Bi³⁺ ions. However, 900oC annealed samples exhibit tetragonal structure. The crystallite size of the particles varies from 19-50 nm. The luminescence intensity increases at lower concentration of Bi³⁺ ions and then decreases with increasing Bi3+ ion concentrations. The luminescence intensity further increases on annealing at 500oC and 900oC. Further, 900oC annealed samples show sharp increase in luminescence intensity. Moreover, the samples follow bi-exponential decay indicating energy transfer from donor to the activator or non-uniform distribution of ions in the samples. The samples on excitation at 318 nm exhibit near white emission while at 394 nm excitation show emission in the red region. The as-prepared samples are redispersible and have potential applications in display devices, metal ion sensing, biological labelling, etc. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=charge%20transfer" title="charge transfer">charge transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sensitizer" title=" sensitizer"> sensitizer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=activator" title=" activator"> activator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=annealing" title=" annealing"> annealing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159353/a-luminescence-study-of-bi3-codoping-on-eu3-doped-ypo4" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159353.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">66</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">25122</span> A Regulator's Assessment of Consumer Risk When Evaluating a User Test for an Umbrella Brand Name in an over the Counter Medicine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Bhatt">A. Bhatt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Bassi"> C. Bassi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Farragher"> H. Farragher</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Musk"> J. Musk</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: All medicines placed on the EU market are legally required to be accompanied by labeling and package leaflet, which provide comprehensive information, enabling its safe and appropriate use. Mock-ups with results of assessments using a target patient group must be submitted for a marketing authorisation application. Consumers need confidence in non-prescription, OTC medicines in order to manage their minor ailments and umbrella brands assist purchasing decisions by assisting easy identification within a particular therapeutic area. A number of regulatory agencies have risk management tools and guidelines to assist in developing umbrella brands for OTC medicines, however assessment and decision making is subjective and inconsistent. This study presents an evaluation in the UK following the US FDA warning concerning methaemoglobinaemia following 21 reported cases (11 children under 2 years) caused by OTC oral analgesics containing benzocaine. METHODS: A standard face to face, 25 structured task based user interview testing methodology using a standard questionnaire and rating scale in consumers aged 15-91 years, was conducted independently between June and October 2015 in their homes. Whether individuals could discriminate between the labelling, safety information and warnings on cartons and PILs between 3 different OTC medicines packs with the same umbrella name was evaluated. Each pack was presented with differing information hierarchy using, different coloured cartons, containing the 3 different active ingredients, benzocaine (oromucosal spray) and two lozenges containing 2, 4, dichlorobenzyl alcohol, amylmetacresol and hexylresorcinol respectively (for the symptomatic relief of sore throat pain). The test was designed to determine whether warnings on the carton and leaflet were prominent, accessible to alert users that one product contained benzocaine, risk of methaemoglobinaemia, and refer to the leaflet for the signs of the condition and what to do should this occur. Results: Two consumers did not locate the warnings on the side of the pack, eventually found them on the back and two suggestions to further improve accessibility of the methaemoglobinaemia warning. Using a gold pack design for the oromucosal spray, all consumers could differentiate between the 3 drugs, minimum age particulars, pharmaceutical form and the risk factor methaemoglobinaemia. The warnings for benzocaine were deemed to be clear or very clear; appearance of the 3 packs were either very well differentiated or quite well differentiated. The PIL test passed on all criteria. All consumers could use the product correctly, identify risk factors ensuring the critical information necessary for the safe use was legible and easily accessible so that confusion and errors were minimised. Conclusion: Patients with known methaemoglobinaemia are likely to be vigilant in checking for benzocaine containing products, despite similar umbrella brand names across a range of active ingredients. Despite these findings, the package design and spray format were not deemed to be sufficient to mitigate potential safety risks associated with differences in target populations and contraindications when submitted to the Regulatory Agency. Although risk management tools are increasingly being used by agencies to assist in providing objective assurance of package safety, further transparency, reduction in subjectivity and proportionate risk should be demonstrated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=labelling" title="labelling">labelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OTC" title=" OTC"> OTC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk" title=" risk"> risk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=user%20testing" title=" user testing"> user testing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47832/a-regulators-assessment-of-consumer-risk-when-evaluating-a-user-test-for-an-umbrella-brand-name-in-an-over-the-counter-medicine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47832.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">309</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">25121</span> Detaching the ‘Criminal Justice Conveyor Belt’: Diversion as a Responsive Mechanism for Children in Kenya</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarah%20Kinyanjui">Sarah Kinyanjui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahnaaz%20Mohamed"> Mahnaaz Mohamed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The child justice system in Kenya is organically departing from a managerial and retributive model to one that espouses restorative justice. Notably, the Children Act 2001, and the most recent, Children Act 2022, signalled an aspiration to facilitate meaningful interventions as opposed to ‘processing’ children through the justice system. In this vein, the Children Act 2022 formally recognises diversion and provides modalities for its implementation. This paper interrogates the diversion promise and reflects on the implementation of diversion as envisaged by the 2022 Act. Using restorative justice, labelling and differential association theories as well as the value of care lenses, the paper discusses diversion as a meaningful response to child offending. It further argues that while diversion presents a strong platform for the realisation of the restorative and rehabilitative ideals, in the absence of a well-planned, coordinated, and resourced framework, diversion may remain a mere alternative ‘conveyor belt’. Strategic multi-agency planning, capacity building and cooperation are highlighted as essential minimums for the realisation of the goals of diversion. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diversion%20for%20child%20offenders" title="diversion for child offenders">diversion for child offenders</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=restorative%20justice" title=" restorative justice"> restorative justice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=responsive%20criminal%20justice%20system" title=" responsive criminal justice system"> responsive criminal justice system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=children%20act%202022%20kenya" title=" children act 2022 kenya"> children act 2022 kenya</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181954/detaching-the-criminal-justice-conveyor-belt-diversion-as-a-responsive-mechanism-for-children-in-kenya" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181954.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">68</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">25120</span> U11 Functionalised Luminescent Gold Nanoclusters for Pancreatic Tumor Cells Labelling</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Regina%20M.%20Chiechio">Regina M. Chiechio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R%C3%A9mi%20Leguev%C3%A9l"> Rémi Leguevél</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Helene%20Solhi"> Helene Solhi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marie%20Madeleine%20Gueguen"> Marie Madeleine Gueguen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stephanie%20Dutertre"> Stephanie Dutertre</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xavier"> Xavier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jean-Pierre%20Bazureau"> Jean-Pierre Bazureau</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olivier%20Mignen"> Olivier Mignen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pascale%20Even-Hernandez"> Pascale Even-Hernandez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paolo%20Musumeci"> Paolo Musumeci</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maria%20Jose%20Lo%20Faro"> Maria Jose Lo Faro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Valerie%20Marchi"> Valerie Marchi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Thanks to their ultra-small size, high electron density, and low toxicity, gold nanoclusters (Au NCs) have unique photoelectrochemical and luminescence properties that make them very interesting for diagnosis bio-imaging and theranostics. These applications require control of their delivery and interaction with cells; for this reason, the surface chemistry of Au NCs is essential to determine their interaction with the targeted biological objects. Here we demonstrate their ability as markers of pancreatic tumor cells. By functionalizing the surface of the NCs with a recognition peptite (U11), the nanostructures are able to preferentially bind to pancreatic cancer cells via a receptor (uPAR) overexpressed by these cells. Furthermore, the NCs can mark even the nucleus without the need of fixing the cells. These nanostructures can therefore be used as a non-toxic, multivalent luminescent platform, capable of selectively recognizing tumor cells for bioimaging, drug delivery, and radiosensitization. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gold%20nanoclusters" title="gold nanoclusters">gold nanoclusters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=luminescence" title=" luminescence"> luminescence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomarkers" title=" biomarkers"> biomarkers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pancreatic%20cancer" title=" pancreatic cancer"> pancreatic cancer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomedical%20applications" title=" biomedical applications"> biomedical applications</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioimaging" title=" bioimaging"> bioimaging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fluorescent%20probes" title=" fluorescent probes"> fluorescent probes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drug%20delivery" title=" drug delivery"> drug delivery</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146031/u11-functionalised-luminescent-gold-nanoclusters-for-pancreatic-tumor-cells-labelling" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146031.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">151</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">25119</span> Evaluation of Labelling Conditions, Quality Control, and Biodistribution Study of 99mTc- D-Aminolevulinic Acid (5-ALA)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kalimullah%20Khan">Kalimullah Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samina%20Roohi"> Samina Roohi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Rafi"> Mohammad Rafi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rizwana%20Zahoor"> Rizwana Zahoor</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Labeling of 5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) with 99 mTc was achieved by using tin chloride dihydrate (Sncl2.2H2O) as reducing agent. Radiochemical purity and labeling efficiency was determined by Whattman paper No.3 and instant thin layer chromatographic strips impregnated with silica gel (ITLC/SG). Labeling efficiency was dependent on many parameters such as amount of ligand, reducing agent, pH, and incubation time. Therefore, optimum conditions for maximum labeling were selected. Stability of 99 mTc- 5-ALA was also checked in fresh human serum. Tissue bio-distribution of 99 mTc-5-ALA was evaluated in Spargue Dawley rats. 5-ALA was 98% labeled with 99 mTc under optimum conditions, i.e. 100µg of 5-ALA, pH: 4, 10µg of Sncl2.2H2O and 30 minutes incubation at room temperature. 99 mTc labelled 5- ALA remained stable for 24 hours in human serum. Bio-distribution study (%ID/gm) in rats revealed that maximum accumulation of 99 mTc-5-ALA was in liver, spleen, stomach and intestine after half hour, 4 hours, and 24 hours. Significant activity in bladder and urine indicated urinary mode of excretion. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=99mTc-ALA" title="99mTc-ALA">99mTc-ALA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aminolevulinic%20acid" title=" aminolevulinic acid"> aminolevulinic acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality%20control" title=" quality control"> quality control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radiopharmaceuticals" title=" radiopharmaceuticals"> radiopharmaceuticals</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5834/evaluation-of-labelling-conditions-quality-control-and-biodistribution-study-of-99mtc-d-aminolevulinic-acid-5-ala" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5834.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 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