CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr" prefix="og: https://ogp.me/ns#"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="description" content="Discover the procedure that allows the European Commission to determine whether a country outside the EU offers an adequate level of data protection." /> <meta name="keywords" content="data protection" /> <meta http-equiv="content-language" content="en" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://commission.europa.eu/law/law-topic/data-protection/international-dimension-data-protection/adequacy-decisions_en" /> <meta property="og:determiner" content="auto" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="European Commission" /> <meta property="og:type" content="website" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://commission.europa.eu/law/law-topic/data-protection/international-dimension-data-protection/adequacy-decisions_en" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Data protection adequacy for non-EU countries" /> <meta property="og:description" content="Discover the procedure that allows the European Commission to determine whether a country outside the EU offers an adequate level of data protection." /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Data protection adequacy for non-EU countries" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Discover the procedure that allows the European Commission to determine whether a country outside the EU offers an adequate level of data protection." /> <meta name="twitter:url" content="https://commission.europa.eu/law/law-topic/data-protection/international-dimension-data-protection/adequacy-decisions_en" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://commission.europa.eu/profiles/contrib/ewcms/modules/ewcms_seo/assets/images/ec-socialmedia-fallback.png" /> <meta property="og:image:alt" content="European Commission" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://commission.europa.eu/profiles/contrib/ewcms/modules/ewcms_seo/assets/images/ec-socialmedia-fallback.png" /> <meta name="twitter:image:alt" content="European Commission" /> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1" /> <meta name="Generator" content="Drupal 10 (https://www.drupal.org)" /> <meta name="MobileOptimized" content="width" /> <meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="true" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /> <script type="application/json">{"service":"etrans","renderAs":false,"user":"European Commission","exclude":".ecl-site-header__language-item,.ecl-site-header__language-selector,.toolbar","languages":{"source":"en","available":["en"]},"config":{"live":false,"mode":"lc2023","targets":{"receiver":"#webtools-etrans"}}}</script> <script type="application/json">{"service":"preview","position":"before"}</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{ "@context": "https:\/\/schema.org", "@type": "BreadcrumbList", "itemListElement": [ { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 1, "item": { "@id": "https:\/\/commission.europa.eu\/index_en", "name": "Home" } }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 2, "item": { "@id": "https:\/\/commission.europa.eu\/law_en", "name": "Law" } }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 3, "item": { "@id": "https:\/\/commission.europa.eu\/law\/law-topic_en", "name": "Law by topic" } }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 4, "item": { "@id": "https:\/\/commission.europa.eu\/law\/law-topic\/data-protection_en", "name": "Data protection" } }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 5, "item": { "@id": "https:\/\/commission.europa.eu\/law\/law-topic\/data-protection\/international-dimension-data-protection_en", "name": "International dimension of data protection" } }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 6, "item": { "@id": "https:\/\/commission.europa.eu\/law\/law-topic\/data-protection\/international-dimension-data-protection\/adequacy-decisions_en", "name": "Adequacy decisions" } } ] }</script> <link rel="icon" href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/images/favicons/ec/favicon.ico" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://commission.europa.eu/law/law-topic/data-protection/international-dimension-data-protection/adequacy-decisions_en" /> <link rel="icon" href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/images/favicons/ec/favicon.svg" type="image/svg+xml" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/images/favicons/ec/favicon.png" /> <title>Data protection adequacy for non-EU countries</title> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_MYKCuFfQXEIwYwGKSWVgxATmfzc81aTbkjgv8SFEJ68.css?delta=0&language=en&theme=ewcms_theme&include=eJxtjuEKAyEMg19I7h5JetpNWW1Lq2y-_WTcOAb7F5IvIYKxF2y4J2kqjNwj1cPAZsQUfHrHth_gGORLqlXuAZ-p-encKlKO-OpoDBRrEv7JTz1V7gZa5p9wVfoaGKtOlR8eFAw-tO_ZhgJtl7MN1nFQ9YL5-uV9Eq7Xa4vEYpOM_gbUSFj7" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_hOHKEwgrWD1eP_L5uz8bqnmNXn9O1518qsqIjWmUEOI.css?delta=1&language=en&theme=ewcms_theme&include=eJxtjuEKAyEMg19I7h5JetpNWW1Lq2y-_WTcOAb7F5IvIYKxF2y4J2kqjNwj1cPAZsQUfHrHth_gGORLqlXuAZ-p-encKlKO-OpoDBRrEv7JTz1V7gZa5p9wVfoaGKtOlR8eFAw-tO_ZhgJtl7MN1nFQ9YL5-uV9Eq7Xa4vEYpOM_gbUSFj7" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_uzek-CDbSUxoqjCRTMBZH6nKuLcin03G6OSXVlCKTOc.css?delta=2&language=en&theme=ewcms_theme&include=eJxtjuEKAyEMg19I7h5JetpNWW1Lq2y-_WTcOAb7F5IvIYKxF2y4J2kqjNwj1cPAZsQUfHrHth_gGORLqlXuAZ-p-encKlKO-OpoDBRrEv7JTz1V7gZa5p9wVfoaGKtOlR8eFAw-tO_ZhgJtl7MN1nFQ9YL5-uV9Eq7Xa4vEYpOM_gbUSFj7" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_Pxg61KTT-jyz86JYJTHDX9g7WLc4WBQAGkkaCfKwM_Q.css?delta=3&language=en&theme=ewcms_theme&include=eJxtjuEKAyEMg19I7h5JetpNWW1Lq2y-_WTcOAb7F5IvIYKxF2y4J2kqjNwj1cPAZsQUfHrHth_gGORLqlXuAZ-p-encKlKO-OpoDBRrEv7JTz1V7gZa5p9wVfoaGKtOlR8eFAw-tO_ZhgJtl7MN1nFQ9YL5-uV9Eq7Xa4vEYpOM_gbUSFj7" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_b9FJ_v0CYWKDGP5uXcYLv1GutQmplJrV5UzLhHMSyUU.css?delta=4&language=en&theme=ewcms_theme&include=eJxtjuEKAyEMg19I7h5JetpNWW1Lq2y-_WTcOAb7F5IvIYKxF2y4J2kqjNwj1cPAZsQUfHrHth_gGORLqlXuAZ-p-encKlKO-OpoDBRrEv7JTz1V7gZa5p9wVfoaGKtOlR8eFAw-tO_ZhgJtl7MN1nFQ9YL5-uV9Eq7Xa4vEYpOM_gbUSFj7" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_jzhmSalbgAHHtNd0m-pHxl3vRA6VexGOCJp-zH0ZDqY.css?delta=5&language=en&theme=ewcms_theme&include=eJxtjuEKAyEMg19I7h5JetpNWW1Lq2y-_WTcOAb7F5IvIYKxF2y4J2kqjNwj1cPAZsQUfHrHth_gGORLqlXuAZ-p-encKlKO-OpoDBRrEv7JTz1V7gZa5p9wVfoaGKtOlR8eFAw-tO_ZhgJtl7MN1nFQ9YL5-uV9Eq7Xa4vEYpOM_gbUSFj7" /> </head> <body class="language-en ecl-typography path-node page-node-type-landing-page"> <a href="#main-content" class="ecl-link ecl-link--primary ecl-skip-link" id="skip-id" >Skip to main content</a> <div id="cck_here"></div> <script type="application/json">{"utility":"globan","theme":"light","logo":true,"link":true,"mode":false}</script> <div class="dialog-off-canvas-main-canvas" data-off-canvas-main-canvas> <header class="ecl-site-header ecl-site-header-with-logo-l ecl-site-header--has-menu" data-ecl-auto-init="SiteHeader" > <div class="ecl-site-header__inner"> <div class="ecl-site-header__background"> <div class="ecl-site-header__header"> <div class="ecl-site-header__container ecl-container"> <div class="ecl-site-header__top" data-ecl-site-header-top> <a class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-site-header__logo-link" href="https://commission.europa.eu/index_en" aria-label="Home - European Commission" data-aria-label-en="Home - European Commission" > <picture class="ecl-picture ecl-site-header__picture" title="European Commission" ><source srcset="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/logo/positive/logo-ec--en.svg" media="(min-width: 996px)" ><img class="ecl-site-header__logo-image ecl-site-header__logo-image--l" src="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/logo/logo-ec--mute.svg" alt="European Commission logo" ></picture> </a> <div class="ecl-site-header__action"> <div class="ecl-site-header__language"><a class="ecl-button ecl-button--tertiary ecl-site-header__language-selector" href="https://commission.europa.eu/law/law-topic/data-protection/international-dimension-data-protection/adequacy-decisions_en" data-ecl-language-selector role="button" aria-label="Change language, current language is English - en" aria-controls="language-list-overlay" ><span class="ecl-site-header__language-icon"><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--s ecl-site-header__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="false" role="img"><title >en</title><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#global"></use></svg></span>en</a><div class="ecl-site-header__language-container" id="language-list-overlay" hidden data-ecl-language-list-overlay aria-labelledby="ecl-site-header__language-title" role="dialog"><div class="ecl-site-header__language-header"><div class="ecl-site-header__language-title" id="ecl-site-header__language-title" >Select your language</div><button class="ecl-button ecl-button--tertiary ecl-site-header__language-close ecl-button--icon-only" type="submit" data-ecl-language-list-close ><span class="ecl-button__container"><span class="ecl-button__label" data-ecl-label="true">Close</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--m ecl-button__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" data-ecl-icon><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#close"></use></svg></span></button></div><div class="ecl-site-header__language-content" data-ecl-language-list-content ><div class="ecl-site-header__language-category" data-ecl-language-list-eu><ul class="ecl-site-header__language-list"><li class="ecl-site-header__language-item"><a href="https://commission.europa.eu/law/law-topic/data-protection/international-dimension-data-protection/adequacy-decisions_bg" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--no-visited ecl-site-header__language-link" hreflang="bg" ><span class="ecl-site-header__language-link-code">bg</span><span class="ecl-site-header__language-link-label" lang="bg">български</span></a></li><li class="ecl-site-header__language-item"><a href="https://commission.europa.eu/law/law-topic/data-protection/international-dimension-data-protection/adequacy-decisions_es" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--no-visited ecl-site-header__language-link" hreflang="es" ><span class="ecl-site-header__language-link-code">es</span><span class="ecl-site-header__language-link-label" lang="es">español</span></a></li><li class="ecl-site-header__language-item"><a href="https://commission.europa.eu/law/law-topic/data-protection/international-dimension-data-protection/adequacy-decisions_cs" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--no-visited ecl-site-header__language-link" hreflang="cs" ><span class="ecl-site-header__language-link-code">cs</span><span class="ecl-site-header__language-link-label" lang="cs">čeština</span></a></li><li class="ecl-site-header__language-item"><a href="https://commission.europa.eu/law/law-topic/data-protection/international-dimension-data-protection/adequacy-decisions_da" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--no-visited ecl-site-header__language-link" hreflang="da" ><span class="ecl-site-header__language-link-code">da</span><span class="ecl-site-header__language-link-label" lang="da">dansk</span></a></li><li class="ecl-site-header__language-item"><a href="https://commission.europa.eu/law/law-topic/data-protection/international-dimension-data-protection/adequacy-decisions_de" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--no-visited ecl-site-header__language-link" hreflang="de" ><span class="ecl-site-header__language-link-code">de</span><span class="ecl-site-header__language-link-label" lang="de">Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="ecl-site-header__language-item"><a href="https://commission.europa.eu/law/law-topic/data-protection/international-dimension-data-protection/adequacy-decisions_et" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--no-visited ecl-site-header__language-link" hreflang="et" ><span class="ecl-site-header__language-link-code">et</span><span class="ecl-site-header__language-link-label" lang="et">eesti</span></a></li><li class="ecl-site-header__language-item"><a href="https://commission.europa.eu/law/law-topic/data-protection/international-dimension-data-protection/adequacy-decisions_el" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--no-visited ecl-site-header__language-link" hreflang="el" ><span class="ecl-site-header__language-link-code">el</span><span class="ecl-site-header__language-link-label" lang="el">ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="ecl-site-header__language-item"><a href="https://commission.europa.eu/law/law-topic/data-protection/international-dimension-data-protection/adequacy-decisions_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--no-visited ecl-site-header__language-link ecl-site-header__language-link--active" hreflang="en" ><span class="ecl-site-header__language-link-code">en</span><span class="ecl-site-header__language-link-label" lang="en">English</span></a></li><li class="ecl-site-header__language-item"><a href="https://commission.europa.eu/law/law-topic/data-protection/international-dimension-data-protection/adequacy-decisions_fr" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--no-visited ecl-site-header__language-link" hreflang="fr" ><span class="ecl-site-header__language-link-code">fr</span><span class="ecl-site-header__language-link-label" lang="fr">français</span></a></li><li class="ecl-site-header__language-item"><a href="https://commission.europa.eu/law/law-topic/data-protection/international-dimension-data-protection/adequacy-decisions_ga" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--no-visited ecl-site-header__language-link" hreflang="ga" ><span class="ecl-site-header__language-link-code">ga</span><span class="ecl-site-header__language-link-label" lang="ga">Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="ecl-site-header__language-item"><a href="https://commission.europa.eu/law/law-topic/data-protection/international-dimension-data-protection/adequacy-decisions_hr" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--no-visited ecl-site-header__language-link" hreflang="hr" ><span class="ecl-site-header__language-link-code">hr</span><span class="ecl-site-header__language-link-label" lang="hr">hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="ecl-site-header__language-item"><a href="https://commission.europa.eu/law/law-topic/data-protection/international-dimension-data-protection/adequacy-decisions_it" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--no-visited ecl-site-header__language-link" hreflang="it" ><span class="ecl-site-header__language-link-code">it</span><span class="ecl-site-header__language-link-label" lang="it">italiano</span></a></li><li class="ecl-site-header__language-item"><a href="https://commission.europa.eu/law/law-topic/data-protection/international-dimension-data-protection/adequacy-decisions_lv" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--no-visited ecl-site-header__language-link" hreflang="lv" ><span class="ecl-site-header__language-link-code">lv</span><span class="ecl-site-header__language-link-label" lang="lv">latviešu</span></a></li><li class="ecl-site-header__language-item"><a href="https://commission.europa.eu/law/law-topic/data-protection/international-dimension-data-protection/adequacy-decisions_lt" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--no-visited ecl-site-header__language-link" hreflang="lt" ><span class="ecl-site-header__language-link-code">lt</span><span class="ecl-site-header__language-link-label" lang="lt">lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="ecl-site-header__language-item"><a href="https://commission.europa.eu/law/law-topic/data-protection/international-dimension-data-protection/adequacy-decisions_hu" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--no-visited ecl-site-header__language-link" hreflang="hu" ><span class="ecl-site-header__language-link-code">hu</span><span class="ecl-site-header__language-link-label" lang="hu">magyar</span></a></li><li class="ecl-site-header__language-item"><a href="https://commission.europa.eu/law/law-topic/data-protection/international-dimension-data-protection/adequacy-decisions_mt" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--no-visited ecl-site-header__language-link" hreflang="mt" ><span class="ecl-site-header__language-link-code">mt</span><span class="ecl-site-header__language-link-label" lang="mt">Malti</span></a></li><li class="ecl-site-header__language-item"><a href="https://commission.europa.eu/law/law-topic/data-protection/international-dimension-data-protection/adequacy-decisions_nl" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--no-visited ecl-site-header__language-link" hreflang="nl" ><span class="ecl-site-header__language-link-code">nl</span><span class="ecl-site-header__language-link-label" lang="nl">Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="ecl-site-header__language-item"><a href="https://commission.europa.eu/law/law-topic/data-protection/international-dimension-data-protection/adequacy-decisions_pl" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--no-visited ecl-site-header__language-link" hreflang="pl" ><span class="ecl-site-header__language-link-code">pl</span><span class="ecl-site-header__language-link-label" lang="pl">polski</span></a></li><li class="ecl-site-header__language-item"><a href="https://commission.europa.eu/law/law-topic/data-protection/international-dimension-data-protection/adequacy-decisions_pt" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--no-visited ecl-site-header__language-link" hreflang="pt" ><span class="ecl-site-header__language-link-code">pt</span><span class="ecl-site-header__language-link-label" lang="pt">português</span></a></li><li class="ecl-site-header__language-item"><a href="https://commission.europa.eu/law/law-topic/data-protection/international-dimension-data-protection/adequacy-decisions_ro" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--no-visited ecl-site-header__language-link" hreflang="ro" ><span class="ecl-site-header__language-link-code">ro</span><span class="ecl-site-header__language-link-label" lang="ro">română</span></a></li><li class="ecl-site-header__language-item"><a href="https://commission.europa.eu/law/law-topic/data-protection/international-dimension-data-protection/adequacy-decisions_sk" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--no-visited ecl-site-header__language-link" hreflang="sk" ><span class="ecl-site-header__language-link-code">sk</span><span class="ecl-site-header__language-link-label" lang="sk">slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="ecl-site-header__language-item"><a href="https://commission.europa.eu/law/law-topic/data-protection/international-dimension-data-protection/adequacy-decisions_sl" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--no-visited ecl-site-header__language-link" hreflang="sl" ><span class="ecl-site-header__language-link-code">sl</span><span class="ecl-site-header__language-link-label" lang="sl">slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="ecl-site-header__language-item"><a href="https://commission.europa.eu/law/law-topic/data-protection/international-dimension-data-protection/adequacy-decisions_fi" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--no-visited ecl-site-header__language-link" hreflang="fi" ><span class="ecl-site-header__language-link-code">fi</span><span class="ecl-site-header__language-link-label" lang="fi">suomi</span></a></li><li class="ecl-site-header__language-item"><a href="https://commission.europa.eu/law/law-topic/data-protection/international-dimension-data-protection/adequacy-decisions_sv" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--no-visited ecl-site-header__language-link" hreflang="sv" ><span class="ecl-site-header__language-link-code">sv</span><span class="ecl-site-header__language-link-label" lang="sv">svenska</span></a></li></ul></div></div></div></div> <div class="ecl-site-header__search-container" role="search"> <a class="ecl-button ecl-button--tertiary ecl-site-header__search-toggle" href="" data-ecl-search-toggle="true" aria-controls="oe-search-search-form" aria-expanded="false" ><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--s ecl-site-header__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" role="img"><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#search"></use></svg>Search </a> <form class="ecl-search-form ecl-site-header__search" role="search" action="/law/law-topic/data-protection/international-dimension-data-protection/adequacy-decisions_en" method="post" id="oe-search-search-form" accept-charset="UTF-8" data-ecl-search-form ><div class="ecl-form-group"><label for="edit-keys" id="edit-keys-label" class="ecl-form-label ecl-search-form__label" >Search</label><input id="edit-keys" class="ecl-text-input ecl-text-input--m ecl-search-form__text-input form-search ecl-search-form__text-input" name="keys" type="search" ></div><button class="ecl-button ecl-button--ghost ecl-search-form__button ecl-search-form__button" type="submit" ><span class="ecl-button__container"><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xs ecl-button__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" data-ecl-icon><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#search"></use></svg><span class="ecl-button__label" data-ecl-label="true">Search</span></span></button><input data-drupal-selector="form-w-ea7mjm0a-jdrdizpidkga4mqy-i7abp-8g3bahkku" type="hidden" name="form_build_id" value="form-W-ea7mjm0a-jDrdIZPidKga4MQy-i7Abp-8G3bAHkKU" /><input data-drupal-selector="edit-oe-search-search-form" type="hidden" name="form_id" value="oe_search_search_form" /></form> <script type="application/json">{"service":"search","results":"in","form":".ecl-search-form","lang":"en","key":"europa_default"}</script> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="block-ewcms-theme-megamenu"> <nav class="ecl-mega-menu" data-ecl-mega-menu data-ecl-auto-init="MegaMenu"data-ecl-mega-menu-label-open="Menu"data-ecl-mega-menu-label-close="Close"aria-expanded="false" role="navigation" id=ecl-mega-menu-638311726 aria-label="Site navigation"><div class="ecl-mega-menu__overlay"></div><div class="ecl-container ecl-mega-menu__container"><button class="ecl-button ecl-button--tertiary ecl-mega-menu__open ecl-button--icon-only" type="button" data-ecl-mega-menu-open aria-expanded="false" ><span class="ecl-button__container"><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--m ecl-button__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" data-ecl-icon><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#hamburger"></use></svg><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--m ecl-button__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" data-ecl-icon><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#close"></use></svg><span class="ecl-button__label" data-ecl-label="true">Menu</span></span></button><section class="ecl-mega-menu__inner" data-ecl-mega-menu-inner><header class="ecl-mega-menu__inner-header"><button class="ecl-button ecl-button--tertiary ecl-mega-menu__back" type="submit" data-ecl-mega-menu-back ><span class="ecl-button__container"><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xs ecl-icon--rotate-270 ecl-button__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" data-ecl-icon><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg><span class="ecl-button__label" data-ecl-label="true">Back</span></span></button></header><ul class="ecl-mega-menu__list"><li class="ecl-mega-menu__item" data-ecl-mega-menu-item id="ecl-mega-menu-item-ecl-mega-menu-638311726-0"><a href="/index_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__link" data-ecl-mega-menu-link id="ecl-mega-menu-item-ecl-mega-menu-638311726-0-link" >Home</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__item ecl-mega-menu__item--has-children" data-ecl-mega-menu-item data-ecl-has-children aria-haspopup id="ecl-mega-menu-item-ecl-mega-menu-638311726-1"><button class="ecl-button ecl-button--primary ecl-mega-menu__link" type="button" data-ecl-mega-menu-link id="ecl-mega-menu-item-ecl-mega-menu-638311726-1-link" aria-expanded="false" ><span class="ecl-button__container"><span class="ecl-button__label" data-ecl-label="true">About us</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--2xs ecl-icon--rotate-90 ecl-button__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" data-ecl-icon><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--s ecl-icon--flip-horizontal ecl-button__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" data-ecl-icon><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#arrow-left"></use></svg></span></button><div class="ecl-mega-menu__wrapper"><div class="ecl-container"><div class="ecl-mega-menu__info ecl-mega-menu__info--has-link" data-ecl-mega-menu-mega ><span class="ecl-mega-menu__info-title" id="ecl-mega-menu-item-ecl-mega-menu-638311726-1-info-title" >About us</span><div class="ecl-mega-menu__info-scrollable"><div class="ecl-mega-menu__info-content">Learn more about the role of the European Commission, its leadership and corporate policies</div><a href="/about_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--icon ecl-mega-menu__info-link ecl-mega-menu__info-link" aria-describedby="ecl-mega-menu-item-ecl-mega-menu-638311726-1-info-title" ><span class="ecl-link__label">Discover more</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xs ecl-icon--flip-horizontal ecl-link__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" ><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#arrow-left"></use></svg></a></div></div><div class="ecl-mega-menu__mega" data-ecl-mega-menu-mega ><ul class="ecl-mega-menu__sublist"><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><button class="ecl-button ecl-button--primary ecl-mega-menu__sublink" type="button" data-untranslated-label="Organisation" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink aria-expanded="false" id="ecl-mega-menu-sublink-1646110138" ><span class="ecl-button__container"><span class="ecl-button__label" data-ecl-label="true">Organisation</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--2xs ecl-icon--rotate-90 ecl-button__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" data-ecl-icon><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></span></button><div class="ecl-mega-menu__mega ecl-mega-menu__mega--level-2" data-ecl-mega-menu-mega ><ul class="ecl-mega-menu__sublist"><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="https://commission.europa.eu/about-european-commission/organisation-european-commission/president_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="The President" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >The President</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="https://commission.europa.eu/about-european-commission/organisation-european-commission/college-commissioners_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="College of Commissioners" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >College of Commissioners</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/about/departments-and-executive-agencies_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Departments and executive agencies" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Departments and executive agencies</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/about/organisation/commission-staff_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink ecl-mega-menu__sublink--last" data-untranslated-label="Staff" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Staff</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__spacer" data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem ecl-mega-menu__see-all" data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/about/organisation_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--icon" aria-describedby="ecl-mega-menu-sublink-1646110138" ><span class="ecl-link__label">See all</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xs ecl-icon--rotate-180 ecl-link__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" ><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#arrow-left"></use></svg></a></li></ul></li></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><button class="ecl-button ecl-button--primary ecl-mega-menu__sublink" type="button" data-untranslated-label="Role" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink aria-expanded="false" id="ecl-mega-menu-sublink-354788114" ><span class="ecl-button__container"><span class="ecl-button__label" data-ecl-label="true">Role</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--2xs ecl-icon--rotate-90 ecl-button__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" data-ecl-icon><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></span></button><div class="ecl-mega-menu__mega ecl-mega-menu__mega--level-2" data-ecl-mega-menu-mega ><ul class="ecl-mega-menu__sublist"><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="https://commission.europa.eu/strategy-and-policy_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="In strategy and policy" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >In strategy and policy</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/about/role/law_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="In law" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >In law</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/about/role/budget-and-funding_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="In budget and funding" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >In budget and funding</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/about/role/international-relations_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink ecl-mega-menu__sublink--last" data-untranslated-label="In international relations" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >In international relations</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__spacer" data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem ecl-mega-menu__see-all" data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/about/role_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--icon" aria-describedby="ecl-mega-menu-sublink-354788114" ><span class="ecl-link__label">See all</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xs ecl-icon--rotate-180 ecl-link__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" ><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#arrow-left"></use></svg></a></li></ul></li></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><button class="ecl-button ecl-button--primary ecl-mega-menu__sublink" type="button" data-untranslated-label="Service standards and principles" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink aria-expanded="false" id="ecl-mega-menu-sublink-6762496" ><span class="ecl-button__container"><span class="ecl-button__label" data-ecl-label="true">Service standards and principles</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--2xs ecl-icon--rotate-90 ecl-button__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" data-ecl-icon><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></span></button><div class="ecl-mega-menu__mega ecl-mega-menu__mega--level-2" data-ecl-mega-menu-mega ><ul class="ecl-mega-menu__sublist"><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/about/service-standards-and-principles/transparency_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Transparency" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Transparency</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/about/service-standards-and-principles/ethics-and-good-administration_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Ethics and Good Administration" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Ethics and Good Administration</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/about/service-standards-and-principles/modernising-european-commission_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Modernising the European Commission" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Modernising the European Commission</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/about/service-standards-and-principles/commissions-use-languages_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink ecl-mega-menu__sublink--last" data-untranslated-label="The Commission’s use of languages" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >The Commission’s use of languages</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__spacer" data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem ecl-mega-menu__see-all" data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/about/service-standards-and-principles_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--icon" aria-describedby="ecl-mega-menu-sublink-6762496" ><span class="ecl-link__label">See all</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xs ecl-icon--rotate-180 ecl-link__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" ><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#arrow-left"></use></svg></a></li></ul></li></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/about/contact_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink ecl-mega-menu__sublink--last" data-untranslated-label="Contact" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Contact</a></li></ul></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__item ecl-mega-menu__item--has-children" data-ecl-mega-menu-item data-ecl-has-children aria-haspopup id="ecl-mega-menu-item-ecl-mega-menu-638311726-2"><button class="ecl-button ecl-button--primary ecl-mega-menu__link" type="button" data-ecl-mega-menu-link id="ecl-mega-menu-item-ecl-mega-menu-638311726-2-link" aria-expanded="false" ><span class="ecl-button__container"><span class="ecl-button__label" data-ecl-label="true">Our priorities</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--2xs ecl-icon--rotate-90 ecl-button__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" data-ecl-icon><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--s ecl-icon--flip-horizontal ecl-button__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" data-ecl-icon><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#arrow-left"></use></svg></span></button><div class="ecl-mega-menu__wrapper"><div class="ecl-container"><div class="ecl-mega-menu__info ecl-mega-menu__info--has-link" data-ecl-mega-menu-mega ><span class="ecl-mega-menu__info-title" id="ecl-mega-menu-item-ecl-mega-menu-638311726-2-info-title" >Our priorities</span><div class="ecl-mega-menu__info-scrollable"><div class="ecl-mega-menu__info-content">Learn how the EU is building a sustainable, digital, and inclusive future through its seven key priorities.</div><a href="/priorities-2024-2029_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--icon ecl-mega-menu__info-link ecl-mega-menu__info-link" aria-describedby="ecl-mega-menu-item-ecl-mega-menu-638311726-2-info-title" ><span class="ecl-link__label">Discover more</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xs ecl-icon--flip-horizontal ecl-link__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" ><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#arrow-left"></use></svg></a></div></div><div class="ecl-mega-menu__mega" data-ecl-mega-menu-mega ><ul class="ecl-mega-menu__sublist"><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/priorities-2024-2029/competitiveness_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Competitiveness" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Competitiveness</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/priorities-2024-2029/security-and-defence_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Security and defence" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Security and defence</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/priorities-2024-2029/european-social-fairness_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="European social fairness" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >European social fairness</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/priorities-2024-2029/quality-life_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Quality of life" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Quality of life</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/priorities-2024-2029/democracy-and-our-values_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Democracy and our values" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Democracy and our values</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/priorities-2024-2029/global-europe_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="A global Europe" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >A global Europe</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/priorities-2024-2029/eu-budget-and-reform_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink ecl-mega-menu__sublink--last" data-untranslated-label="EU budget and reform" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >EU budget and reform</a></li></ul></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__item ecl-mega-menu__item--has-children" data-ecl-mega-menu-item data-ecl-has-children aria-haspopup id="ecl-mega-menu-item-ecl-mega-menu-638311726-3"><button class="ecl-button ecl-button--primary ecl-mega-menu__link" type="button" data-ecl-mega-menu-link id="ecl-mega-menu-item-ecl-mega-menu-638311726-3-link" aria-expanded="false" ><span class="ecl-button__container"><span class="ecl-button__label" data-ecl-label="true">News and media</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--2xs ecl-icon--rotate-90 ecl-button__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" data-ecl-icon><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--s ecl-icon--flip-horizontal ecl-button__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" data-ecl-icon><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#arrow-left"></use></svg></span></button><div class="ecl-mega-menu__wrapper"><div class="ecl-container"><div class="ecl-mega-menu__info ecl-mega-menu__info--has-link" data-ecl-mega-menu-mega ><span class="ecl-mega-menu__info-title" id="ecl-mega-menu-item-ecl-mega-menu-638311726-3-info-title" >News and media</span><div class="ecl-mega-menu__info-scrollable"><div class="ecl-mega-menu__info-content">Stay up to date with the European Commission's news. Discover the latest updates, stories, multimedia and other valuable material</div><a href="/news-and-media_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--icon ecl-mega-menu__info-link ecl-mega-menu__info-link" aria-describedby="ecl-mega-menu-item-ecl-mega-menu-638311726-3-info-title" ><span class="ecl-link__label">Discover more</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xs ecl-icon--flip-horizontal ecl-link__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" ><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#arrow-left"></use></svg></a></div></div><div class="ecl-mega-menu__mega" data-ecl-mega-menu-mega ><ul class="ecl-mega-menu__sublist"><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/news-and-media/news_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="News" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >News</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/home/en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Press corner" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Press corner</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/news-and-media/visual-stories_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Visual stories" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Visual stories</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="https://audiovisual.ec.europa.eu/en/" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Audiovisual portal" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Audiovisual portal</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><button class="ecl-button ecl-button--primary ecl-mega-menu__sublink ecl-mega-menu__sublink--last" type="button" data-untranslated-label="Resources" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink aria-expanded="false" id="ecl-mega-menu-sublink-1552882660" ><span class="ecl-button__container"><span class="ecl-button__label" data-ecl-label="true">Resources</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--2xs ecl-icon--rotate-90 ecl-button__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" data-ecl-icon><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></span></button><div class="ecl-mega-menu__mega ecl-mega-menu__mega--level-2" data-ecl-mega-menu-mega ><ul class="ecl-mega-menu__sublist"><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="https://op.europa.eu/en/" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Publications" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Publications</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/news-and-media/resources/statistics_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Statistics" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Statistics</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="https://learning-corner.learning.europa.eu/index_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Learning corner" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Learning corner</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="https://europa.eu/eurobarometer/screen/home" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Eurobarometer" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Eurobarometer</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/homepage.html" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink ecl-mega-menu__sublink--last" data-untranslated-label="EU law" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >EU law</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__spacer" data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem ecl-mega-menu__see-all" data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/news-and-media/resources_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--icon" aria-describedby="ecl-mega-menu-sublink-1552882660" ><span class="ecl-link__label">See all</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xs ecl-icon--rotate-180 ecl-link__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" ><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#arrow-left"></use></svg></a></li></ul></li></li></ul></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__item ecl-mega-menu__item--has-children" data-ecl-mega-menu-item data-ecl-has-children aria-haspopup id="ecl-mega-menu-item-ecl-mega-menu-638311726-4"><button class="ecl-button ecl-button--primary ecl-mega-menu__link" type="button" data-ecl-mega-menu-link id="ecl-mega-menu-item-ecl-mega-menu-638311726-4-link" aria-expanded="false" ><span class="ecl-button__container"><span class="ecl-button__label" data-ecl-label="true">Topics</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--2xs ecl-icon--rotate-90 ecl-button__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" data-ecl-icon><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--s ecl-icon--flip-horizontal ecl-button__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" data-ecl-icon><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#arrow-left"></use></svg></span></button><div class="ecl-mega-menu__wrapper"><div class="ecl-container"><div class="ecl-mega-menu__info ecl-mega-menu__info--has-link" data-ecl-mega-menu-mega ><span class="ecl-mega-menu__info-title" id="ecl-mega-menu-item-ecl-mega-menu-638311726-4-info-title" >Topics from A to Z</span><div class="ecl-mega-menu__info-scrollable"><div class="ecl-mega-menu__info-content">Discover EU policies designed to bring benefits to citizens, businesses and other stakeholders in the EU</div><a href="/topics_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--icon ecl-mega-menu__info-link ecl-mega-menu__info-link" aria-describedby="ecl-mega-menu-item-ecl-mega-menu-638311726-4-info-title" ><span class="ecl-link__label">Discover more</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xs ecl-icon--flip-horizontal ecl-link__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" ><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#arrow-left"></use></svg></a></div></div><div class="ecl-mega-menu__mega" data-ecl-mega-menu-mega ><ul class="ecl-mega-menu__sublist"><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><button class="ecl-button ecl-button--primary ecl-mega-menu__sublink" type="button" data-untranslated-label="Aid, Development cooperation, Fundamental rights" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink aria-expanded="false" id="ecl-mega-menu-sublink-1013870250" ><span class="ecl-button__container"><span class="ecl-button__label" data-ecl-label="true">Aid, Development cooperation, Fundamental rights</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--2xs ecl-icon--rotate-90 ecl-button__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" data-ecl-icon><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></span></button><div class="ecl-mega-menu__mega ecl-mega-menu__mega--level-2" data-ecl-mega-menu-mega ><ul class="ecl-mega-menu__sublist"><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/aid-development-cooperation-fundamental-rights/human-rights-non-eu-countries_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Human rights in non-EU countries" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Human rights in non-EU countries</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/aid-development-cooperation-fundamental-rights/your-fundamental-rights-eu_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Your fundamental rights in the EU" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Your fundamental rights in the EU</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/aid-development-cooperation-fundamental-rights/recipients-and-results-eu-aid_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Recipients and results of EU aid" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Recipients and results of EU aid</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/aid-development-cooperation-fundamental-rights/how-we-provide-aid_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="How we provide aid" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >How we provide aid</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/aid-development-cooperation-fundamental-rights/ensuring-aid-effectiveness_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink ecl-mega-menu__sublink--last" data-untranslated-label="Ensuring aid effectiveness" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Ensuring aid effectiveness</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__spacer" data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem ecl-mega-menu__see-all" data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/aid-development-cooperation-fundamental-rights_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--icon" aria-describedby="ecl-mega-menu-sublink-1013870250" ><span class="ecl-link__label">See all</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xs ecl-icon--rotate-180 ecl-link__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" ><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#arrow-left"></use></svg></a></li></ul></li></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><button class="ecl-button ecl-button--primary ecl-mega-menu__sublink" type="button" data-untranslated-label="Business, Economy, Euro" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink aria-expanded="false" id="ecl-mega-menu-sublink-1965357192" ><span class="ecl-button__container"><span class="ecl-button__label" data-ecl-label="true">Business, Economy, Euro</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--2xs ecl-icon--rotate-90 ecl-button__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" data-ecl-icon><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></span></button><div class="ecl-mega-menu__mega ecl-mega-menu__mega--level-2" data-ecl-mega-menu-mega ><ul class="ecl-mega-menu__sublist"><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/business-economy-euro/doing-business-eu_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Doing business in the EU" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Doing business in the EU</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/business-economy-euro/financial-services_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Financial services" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Financial services</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/business-economy-euro/economic-recovery_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Economic recovery" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Economic recovery</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/business-economy-euro/economic-forecasts-and-surveillance_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Economic forecasts and surveillance" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Economic forecasts and surveillance</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/business-economy-euro/european-semester_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="The European Semester" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >The European Semester</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="https://economy-finance.ec.europa.eu/economic-and-monetary-union_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Economic and Monetary Union" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Economic and Monetary Union</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="https://economy-finance.ec.europa.eu/euro/what-euro-area_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="The euro area" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >The euro area</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="https://european-union.europa.eu/institutions-law-budget/euro/benefits_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink ecl-mega-menu__sublink--last" data-untranslated-label="The benefits of the euro" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >The benefits of the euro</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__spacer" data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem ecl-mega-menu__see-all" data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/business-economy-euro_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--icon" aria-describedby="ecl-mega-menu-sublink-1965357192" ><span class="ecl-link__label">See all</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xs ecl-icon--rotate-180 ecl-link__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" ><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#arrow-left"></use></svg></a></li></ul></li></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><button class="ecl-button ecl-button--primary ecl-mega-menu__sublink" type="button" data-untranslated-label="Education" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink aria-expanded="false" id="ecl-mega-menu-sublink-1752666184" ><span class="ecl-button__container"><span class="ecl-button__label" data-ecl-label="true">Education</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--2xs ecl-icon--rotate-90 ecl-button__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" data-ecl-icon><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></span></button><div class="ecl-mega-menu__mega ecl-mega-menu__mega--level-2" data-ecl-mega-menu-mega ><ul class="ecl-mega-menu__sublist"><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/education/skills-and-qualifications_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Skills and qualifications" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Skills and qualifications</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/education/study-or-teach-abroad_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Study or teach abroad" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Study or teach abroad</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/education/teaching-methods-and-materials_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Teaching methods and materials" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Teaching methods and materials</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/education/policy-educational-issues_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Policy on educational issues" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Policy on educational issues</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/education/set-projects-education-and-training_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink ecl-mega-menu__sublink--last" data-untranslated-label="Set up projects for education and training" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Set up projects for education and training</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__spacer" data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem ecl-mega-menu__see-all" data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/education_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--icon" aria-describedby="ecl-mega-menu-sublink-1752666184" ><span class="ecl-link__label">See all</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xs ecl-icon--rotate-180 ecl-link__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" ><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#arrow-left"></use></svg></a></li></ul></li></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><button class="ecl-button ecl-button--primary ecl-mega-menu__sublink" type="button" data-untranslated-label="Energy, Climate change, Environment" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink aria-expanded="false" id="ecl-mega-menu-sublink-235805594" ><span class="ecl-button__container"><span class="ecl-button__label" data-ecl-label="true">Energy, Climate change, Environment</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--2xs ecl-icon--rotate-90 ecl-button__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" data-ecl-icon><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></span></button><div class="ecl-mega-menu__mega ecl-mega-menu__mega--level-2" data-ecl-mega-menu-mega ><ul class="ecl-mega-menu__sublist"><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/energy-climate-change-environment/overall-targets-and-reporting_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Overall targets and reporting" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Overall targets and reporting</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/energy-climate-change-environment/implementation-eu-countries_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Implementation in EU countries" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Implementation in EU countries</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/energy-climate-change-environment/international-cooperation_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="International cooperation" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >International cooperation</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/energy-climate-change-environment/standards-tools-and-labels_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink ecl-mega-menu__sublink--last" data-untranslated-label="Standards, tools and labels" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Standards, tools and labels</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__spacer" data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem ecl-mega-menu__see-all" data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/energy-climate-change-environment_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--icon" aria-describedby="ecl-mega-menu-sublink-235805594" ><span class="ecl-link__label">See all</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xs ecl-icon--rotate-180 ecl-link__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" ><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#arrow-left"></use></svg></a></li></ul></li></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><button class="ecl-button ecl-button--primary ecl-mega-menu__sublink" type="button" data-untranslated-label="EU regional and urban development" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink aria-expanded="false" id="ecl-mega-menu-sublink-1014891547" ><span class="ecl-button__container"><span class="ecl-button__label" data-ecl-label="true">EU regional and urban development</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--2xs ecl-icon--rotate-90 ecl-button__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" data-ecl-icon><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></span></button><div class="ecl-mega-menu__mega ecl-mega-menu__mega--level-2" data-ecl-mega-menu-mega ><ul class="ecl-mega-menu__sublist"><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/eu-regional-and-urban-development/financial-support-projects_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Financial support for projects" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Financial support for projects</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/eu-regional-and-urban-development/projects-and-results_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Projects and results" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Projects and results</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/eu-regional-and-urban-development/countries-regions-cities_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Countries, regions, cities" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Countries, regions, cities</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/eu-regional-and-urban-development/cooperation-between-border-regions_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink ecl-mega-menu__sublink--last" data-untranslated-label="Cooperation between border regions" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Cooperation between border regions</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__spacer" data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem ecl-mega-menu__see-all" data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/eu-regional-and-urban-development_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--icon" aria-describedby="ecl-mega-menu-sublink-1014891547" ><span class="ecl-link__label">See all</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xs ecl-icon--rotate-180 ecl-link__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" ><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#arrow-left"></use></svg></a></li></ul></li></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><button class="ecl-button ecl-button--primary ecl-mega-menu__sublink" type="button" data-untranslated-label="Food, Farming, Fisheries" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink aria-expanded="false" id="ecl-mega-menu-sublink-1212774509" ><span class="ecl-button__container"><span class="ecl-button__label" data-ecl-label="true">Food, Farming, Fisheries</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--2xs ecl-icon--rotate-90 ecl-button__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" data-ecl-icon><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></span></button><div class="ecl-mega-menu__mega ecl-mega-menu__mega--level-2" data-ecl-mega-menu-mega ><ul class="ecl-mega-menu__sublist"><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/food-farming-fisheries/food-safety-and-quality_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Food safety and quality" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Food safety and quality</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/food-farming-fisheries/farming_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Farming" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Farming</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/food-farming-fisheries/oceans-and-fisheries_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Oceans and fisheries" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Oceans and fisheries</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/food-farming-fisheries/forestry_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Forestry" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Forestry</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/food-farming-fisheries/sustainable-agriculture_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Sustainable agriculture" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Sustainable agriculture</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/food-farming-fisheries/agricultural-trade_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Agricultural trade" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Agricultural trade</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/food-farming-fisheries/plants-and-plant-products_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Plants and plant products" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Plants and plant products</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/food-farming-fisheries/animals-and-animal-products_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink ecl-mega-menu__sublink--last" data-untranslated-label="Animals and animal products" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Animals and animal products</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__spacer" data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem ecl-mega-menu__see-all" data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/food-farming-fisheries_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--icon" aria-describedby="ecl-mega-menu-sublink-1212774509" ><span class="ecl-link__label">See all</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xs ecl-icon--rotate-180 ecl-link__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" ><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#arrow-left"></use></svg></a></li></ul></li></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><button class="ecl-button ecl-button--primary ecl-mega-menu__sublink" type="button" data-untranslated-label="Law" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink aria-expanded="false" id="ecl-mega-menu-sublink-1681777090" ><span class="ecl-button__container"><span class="ecl-button__label" data-ecl-label="true">Law</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--2xs ecl-icon--rotate-90 ecl-button__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" data-ecl-icon><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></span></button><div class="ecl-mega-menu__mega ecl-mega-menu__mega--level-2" data-ecl-mega-menu-mega ><ul class="ecl-mega-menu__sublist"><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/law/law-making-process_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Law-making process" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Law-making process</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/law/track-law-making_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Track law-making" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Track law-making</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/law/search-law_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Search law" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Search law</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/law/law-topic_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Law by topic" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Law by topic</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/law/application-eu-law_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Application of EU law" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Application of EU law</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/law/cross-border-cases_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Cross-border cases" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Cross-border cases</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/law/judicial-training-and-professional-networks_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Judicial training and professional networks" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Judicial training and professional networks</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/law/find-legal-professional_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink ecl-mega-menu__sublink--last" data-untranslated-label="Find a legal professional" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Find a legal professional</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__spacer" data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem ecl-mega-menu__see-all" data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/law_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--icon" aria-describedby="ecl-mega-menu-sublink-1681777090" ><span class="ecl-link__label">See all</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xs ecl-icon--rotate-180 ecl-link__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" ><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#arrow-left"></use></svg></a></li></ul></li></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><button class="ecl-button ecl-button--primary ecl-mega-menu__sublink" type="button" data-untranslated-label="Live, work, travel in the EU" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink aria-expanded="false" id="ecl-mega-menu-sublink-244596252" ><span class="ecl-button__container"><span class="ecl-button__label" data-ecl-label="true">Live, work, travel in the EU</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--2xs ecl-icon--rotate-90 ecl-button__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" data-ecl-icon><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></span></button><div class="ecl-mega-menu__mega ecl-mega-menu__mega--level-2" data-ecl-mega-menu-mega ><ul class="ecl-mega-menu__sublist"><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/live-work-travel-eu/living-another-eu-country_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Living in another EU country" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Living in another EU country</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/live-work-travel-eu/consumer-rights-and-complaints_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Consumer rights and complaints" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Consumer rights and complaints</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/live-work-travel-eu/culture-heritage-sport-eu_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Culture, Heritage, Sport in the EU" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Culture, Heritage, Sport in the EU</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/live-work-travel-eu/working-another-eu-country_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Working in another EU country" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Working in another EU country</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/live-work-travel-eu/employment-opportunities_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Employment opportunities" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Employment opportunities</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/live-work-travel-eu/travelling-eu_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Travelling in the EU" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Travelling in the EU</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/live-work-travel-eu/travelling-non-eu-nationals_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Travelling for non-EU nationals" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Travelling for non-EU nationals</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="https://immigration-portal.ec.europa.eu/index_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink ecl-mega-menu__sublink--last" data-untranslated-label="Emigrating to the EU" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Emigrating to the EU</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__spacer" data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem ecl-mega-menu__see-all" data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/live-work-travel-eu_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--icon" aria-describedby="ecl-mega-menu-sublink-244596252" ><span class="ecl-link__label">See all</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xs ecl-icon--rotate-180 ecl-link__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" ><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#arrow-left"></use></svg></a></li></ul></li></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><button class="ecl-button ecl-button--primary ecl-mega-menu__sublink ecl-mega-menu__sublink--last" type="button" data-untranslated-label="Research and innovation" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink aria-expanded="false" id="ecl-mega-menu-sublink-81117492" ><span class="ecl-button__container"><span class="ecl-button__label" data-ecl-label="true">Research and innovation</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--2xs ecl-icon--rotate-90 ecl-button__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" data-ecl-icon><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></span></button><div class="ecl-mega-menu__mega ecl-mega-menu__mega--level-2" data-ecl-mega-menu-mega ><ul class="ecl-mega-menu__sublist"><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="https://research-and-innovation.ec.europa.eu/research-and-innovation/strategy_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Strategy on research and innovation" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Strategy on research and innovation</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="https://research-and-innovation.ec.europa.eu/research-and-innovation/law-and-regulations_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Law and regulations" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Law and regulations</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="https://research-and-innovation.ec.europa.eu/research-and-innovation/knowledge-publications-tools-and-data_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Knowledge: publications, tools and data" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Knowledge: publications, tools and data</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="https://research-and-innovation.ec.europa.eu/research-and-innovation/funding_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Funding" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Funding</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="https://research-and-innovation.ec.europa.eu/research-and-innovation/projects_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Projects" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Projects</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="https://research-and-innovation.ec.europa.eu/research-and-innovation/partners-networking_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Partners, networking" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Partners, networking</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="https://research-and-innovation.ec.europa.eu/research-and-innovation/research-area_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink ecl-mega-menu__sublink--last" data-untranslated-label="Research by area" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Research by area</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__spacer" data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem ecl-mega-menu__see-all" data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/research-and-innovation_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--icon" aria-describedby="ecl-mega-menu-sublink-81117492" ><span class="ecl-link__label">See all</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xs ecl-icon--rotate-180 ecl-link__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" ><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#arrow-left"></use></svg></a></li></ul></li></li></ul></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__item ecl-mega-menu__item--has-children" data-ecl-mega-menu-item data-ecl-has-children aria-haspopup id="ecl-mega-menu-item-ecl-mega-menu-638311726-5"><button class="ecl-button ecl-button--primary ecl-mega-menu__link" type="button" data-ecl-mega-menu-link id="ecl-mega-menu-item-ecl-mega-menu-638311726-5-link" aria-expanded="false" ><span class="ecl-button__container"><span class="ecl-button__label" data-ecl-label="true">Europe and you</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--2xs ecl-icon--rotate-90 ecl-button__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" data-ecl-icon><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--s ecl-icon--flip-horizontal ecl-button__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" data-ecl-icon><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#arrow-left"></use></svg></span></button><div class="ecl-mega-menu__wrapper"><div class="ecl-container"><div class="ecl-mega-menu__info ecl-mega-menu__info--has-link" data-ecl-mega-menu-mega ><span class="ecl-mega-menu__info-title" id="ecl-mega-menu-item-ecl-mega-menu-638311726-5-info-title" >Get involved</span><div class="ecl-mega-menu__info-scrollable"><div class="ecl-mega-menu__info-content">Share your views on EU laws and policies, debate Europe's future and find funding for your EU projects.</div><a href="/get-involved_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--icon ecl-mega-menu__info-link ecl-mega-menu__info-link" aria-describedby="ecl-mega-menu-item-ecl-mega-menu-638311726-5-info-title" ><span class="ecl-link__label">Discover more</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xs ecl-icon--flip-horizontal ecl-link__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" ><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#arrow-left"></use></svg></a></div></div><div class="ecl-mega-menu__mega" data-ecl-mega-menu-mega ><ul class="ecl-mega-menu__sublist"><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><button class="ecl-button ecl-button--primary ecl-mega-menu__sublink" type="button" data-untranslated-label="Engage in EU policymaking" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink aria-expanded="false" id="ecl-mega-menu-sublink-1017186151" ><span class="ecl-button__container"><span class="ecl-button__label" data-ecl-label="true">Engage in EU policymaking</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--2xs ecl-icon--rotate-90 ecl-button__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" data-ecl-icon><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></span></button><div class="ecl-mega-menu__mega ecl-mega-menu__mega--level-2" data-ecl-mega-menu-mega ><ul class="ecl-mega-menu__sublist"><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/better-regulation/have-your-say_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Have your say" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Have your say</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="https://citizens.ec.europa.eu/index_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="European Citizens’ Panels" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >European Citizens’ Panels</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/get-involved/engage-eu-policymaking/european-citizens-initiative_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="European Citizens' Initiative" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >European Citizens' Initiative</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/get-involved/engage-eu-policymaking/petition-eu_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink ecl-mega-menu__sublink--last" data-untranslated-label="Petition the EU" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Petition the EU</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__spacer" data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem ecl-mega-menu__see-all" data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/get-involved/engage-eu-policymaking_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--icon" aria-describedby="ecl-mega-menu-sublink-1017186151" ><span class="ecl-link__label">See all</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xs ecl-icon--rotate-180 ecl-link__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" ><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#arrow-left"></use></svg></a></li></ul></li></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/get-involved/jobs-european-commission_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Jobs" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Jobs</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/funding-tenders_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Funding and tenders" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Funding and tenders</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/get-involved/events_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Events" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Events</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><button class="ecl-button ecl-button--primary ecl-mega-menu__sublink" type="button" data-untranslated-label="Visit us" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink aria-expanded="false" id="ecl-mega-menu-sublink-894787903" ><span class="ecl-button__container"><span class="ecl-button__label" data-ecl-label="true">Visit us</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--2xs ecl-icon--rotate-90 ecl-button__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" data-ecl-icon><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></span></button><div class="ecl-mega-menu__mega ecl-mega-menu__mega--level-2" data-ecl-mega-menu-mega ><ul class="ecl-mega-menu__sublist"><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/get-involved/visit-european-commission/visitors-centre_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Visitors' Centre" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Visitors' Centre</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/get-involved/visit-european-commission/experience-europe-exhibition-centre_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink ecl-mega-menu__sublink--last" data-untranslated-label="Experience Europe exhibition centre" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Experience Europe exhibition centre</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__spacer" data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem ecl-mega-menu__see-all" data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/get-involved/visit-european-commission_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--icon" aria-describedby="ecl-mega-menu-sublink-894787903" ><span class="ecl-link__label">See all</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xs ecl-icon--rotate-180 ecl-link__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" ><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#arrow-left"></use></svg></a></li></ul></li></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/get-involved/social-media-connect-european-commission_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink ecl-mega-menu__sublink--last" data-untranslated-label="European Commission on social media" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >European Commission on social media</a></li></ul></li></ul></section></div></nav> </div> </header> <div class="ecl-u-mb-2xl" id="block-ewcms-theme-page-header"> <div class="ecl-page-header" ><div class="ecl-container"><nav class="ecl-breadcrumb ecl-page-header__breadcrumb" aria-label="You are here:" aria-label="" data-ecl-breadcrumb="true" data-ecl-auto-init="Breadcrumb" ><ol class="ecl-breadcrumb__container"><li class="ecl-breadcrumb__segment" data-ecl-breadcrumb-item="static"><a href="/index_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--no-visited ecl-breadcrumb__link" >Home</a><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--fluid ecl-breadcrumb__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation"><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></li><li class="ecl-breadcrumb__segment ecl-breadcrumb__segment--ellipsis" data-ecl-breadcrumb-ellipsis aria-hidden="true" ><button class="ecl-button ecl-button--ghost ecl-breadcrumb__ellipsis" type="button" data-ecl-breadcrumb-ellipsis-button aria-label="" >…</button><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--fluid ecl-breadcrumb__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation"><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></li><li class="ecl-breadcrumb__segment" data-ecl-breadcrumb-item="expandable"><a href="/law_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--no-visited ecl-breadcrumb__link" >Law</a><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--fluid ecl-breadcrumb__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation"><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></li><li class="ecl-breadcrumb__segment" data-ecl-breadcrumb-item="expandable"><a href="/law/law-topic_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--no-visited ecl-breadcrumb__link" >Law by topic</a><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--fluid ecl-breadcrumb__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation"><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></li><li class="ecl-breadcrumb__segment" data-ecl-breadcrumb-item="expandable"><a href="/law/law-topic/data-protection_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--no-visited ecl-breadcrumb__link" >Data protection</a><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--fluid ecl-breadcrumb__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation"><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></li><li class="ecl-breadcrumb__segment" data-ecl-breadcrumb-item="static"><a href="/law/law-topic/data-protection/international-dimension-data-protection_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--no-visited ecl-breadcrumb__link" >International dimension of data protection</a><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--fluid ecl-breadcrumb__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation"><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></li><li class="ecl-breadcrumb__segment ecl-breadcrumb__current-page" data-ecl-breadcrumb-item="static" aria-current="page"><span>Adequacy decisions</span></li></ol></nav><div class="ecl-page-header__info"><h1 class="ecl-page-header__title"><span>Adequacy decisions</span></h1></div><div class="ecl-page-header__description-container"><p class="ecl-page-header__description">How the EU determines if a non-EU country has an adequate level of data protection. </p></div></div></div> </div> <main class="ecl-u-pb-xl" id="main-content" data-inpage-navigation-source-area="h2.ecl-u-type-heading-2, div.ecl-featured-item__heading"> <div class="ecl-container"> <div class="ecl-row"> <div class="ecl-col-s-12 ewcms-top-sidebar"> <div> <div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ecl-row"> <div class="ecl-col-s-12"> <div id="block-ewcms-theme-main-page-content" data-inpage-navigation-source-area="h2, div.ecl-featured-item__heading" class="ecl-u-mb-l"> <article dir="ltr"> <div> <div class="ecl-u-mb-2xl"> <a id="paragraph_9522"></a> <div class="ecl-row inpage-navigation-container"> <div class="ecl-col-l-3"> <nav class="ecl-inpage-navigation oe-theme-ecl-inpage-navigation ecl-u-z-dropdown" data-ecl-auto-init="InpageNavigation" data-ecl-auto-initialized="true" data-ecl-inpage-navigation="true" aria-labelledby="ecl-inpage-navigation-1869890546" ><div class="ecl-inpage-navigation__title" id="ecl-inpage-navigation-1869890546">Page contents</div><div class="ecl-inpage-navigation__body"><div class="ecl-inpage-navigation__trigger-wrapper"><button type="button" class="ecl-inpage-navigation__trigger" id="ecl-inpage-navigation-1869890546-trigger" data-ecl-inpage-navigation-trigger="true" aria-controls="ecl-inpage-navigation-list" aria-expanded="false"><span class="ecl-inpage-navigation__trigger-current" data-ecl-inpage-navigation-trigger-current="true">Page contents</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xs ecl-icon--rotate-180 ecl-inpage-navigation__trigger-icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="false" ><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></button></div><ul class="ecl-inpage-navigation__list" data-ecl-inpage-navigation-list="true" id="ecl-inpage-navigation-1869890546-list"></ul></div></nav> </div> <div class="ecl-col-l-9" data-inpage-navigation-source-area="h2, div.ecl-featured-item__heading"> <div class="ecl-u-mb-2xl"> <a id="paragraph_2277"></a> <div> <div class="ecl"><p>The European Commission has the power to determine, on the basis of article 45 of <a href="http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=uriserv%3AOJ.L_.2016.119.01.0001.01.ENG&toc=OJ%3AL%3A2016%3A119%3ATOC" class="ecl-link">Regulation (EU) 2016/679</a> whether a country outside the EU offers an adequate level of data protection.</p><p>The adoption of an adequacy decision involves:</p><ul type="disc"><li>a proposal from the European Commission;</li><li>an opinion of the European Data Protection Board;</li><li>an approval from representatives of EU countries;</li><li>the adoption of the decision by the European Commission.</li></ul><p>At any time, the European Parliament and the Council may request the European Commission to maintain, amend or withdraw the adequacy decision on the grounds that its act exceeds the implementing powers provided for in the regulation.</p><p>The effect of such a decision is that personal data can flow from the EU (and Norway, Liechtenstein and Iceland) to that third country without any further safeguard being necessary. In others words, transfers to the country in question will be assimilated to intra-EU transmissions of data.</p><p>The European Commission has so far recognised <a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32010D0625" class="ecl-link">Andorra</a>, <a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32003D0490" class="ecl-link">Argentina</a>, <a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/en/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32002D0002" class="ecl-link">Canada</a> (commercial organisations), <a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/en/ALL/?uri=CELEX%3A32010D0146" class="ecl-link">Faroe Islands</a>, <a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32003D0821" class="ecl-link">Guernsey</a>, <a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32011D0061" class="ecl-link">Israel</a>, <a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32004D0411" class="ecl-link">Isle of Man</a>, <a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=uriserv:OJ.L_.2019.076.01.0001.01.ENG&toc=OJ:L:2019:076:TOC" class="ecl-link">Japan</a>, <a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32008D0393" class="ecl-link">Jersey</a>, <a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX%3A32013D0065" class="ecl-link">New Zealand</a>, <a href="/document/download/e9453177-f192-4416-a147-3c57adc468c4_en" class="ecl-link">Republic of Korea</a>, <a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32000D0518" class="ecl-link">Switzerland</a> , the United Kingdom under the <a href="/document/download/dabdaf35-ee58-405e-ac3e-924d04b2cfe4_en" class="ecl-link">GDPR</a> and the <a href="/document/download/67dc46ee-1f1a-4f3b-920f-71af138ffcfc_en" class="ecl-link">LED</a>, the <a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dec_impl/2023/1795/oj" class="ecl-link">United States</a> (commercial organisations participating in the EU-US Data Privacy Framework)  and <a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32012D0484" class="ecl-link">Uruguay</a> as providing adequate protection.</p><p>With the exception of the United Kingdom, these adequacy decisions do not cover data exchanges in the law enforcement sector which are governed by the Law Enforcement Directive (Article 36 of <a href="http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?qid=1515424934250&uri=CELEX:32016L0680" class="ecl-link">Directive (EU) 2016/680</a>).</p><p>The Commission is required to periodically review the adequacy decisions adopted under the GDPR and its predecessor, Directive 95/46/EC, and to report its findings to the European Parliament and the Council. In line with this obligation, the Commission published its <a href="https://commission.europa.eu/document/c2b3071f-b4fb-4bca-8575-d314bb49f195_en" class="ecl-link">Report on the first periodic review of the adequacy decision for Japan</a> on 4 April 2023. On 15 January 2024 the Commission published its <a href="https://commission.europa.eu/document/f62d70a4-39e3-4372-9d49-e59dc0fda3df_en" class="ecl-link">Report on the first review of the functioning of the eleven adequacy decisions adopted pursuant to Directive 95/46/EC</a>. On 9 October 2024, the Commission published its <a href="https://commission.europa.eu/document/25695177-8073-4ce3-bf81-eb816dc6b468_en">Report on the first review of the functioning of the adequacy decision on the EU-US Data Privacy Framework</a>.</p></div> </div> </div> <div class="ecl-u-mb-2xl"> <a id="paragraph_42469"></a> <div> <div class="ecl"> <h2 class="ecl-u-type-heading-2">High-level meeting on International Data Flows</h2> </div> <div class="ecl"><p>On 4 March 2024, the Commission hosted the first ever high-level meeting on safe data flows, gathering responsible Ministers and heads of the data protection authorities of 15 countries and territories for which the EU has adopted an adequacy decision as well as the Chair of the European Data Protection Board. Participants discussed ways to leverage this network of like-minded partners to maximise the benefits of safe and free data flows and explored avenues for closer cooperation on enforcement of data protection rules.</p></div> </div> </div> <div class="ecl-u-mb-2xl"> <a id="paragraph_29818"></a> <div> <div id="block-adequacydecisionslatest" class="ecl-u-mt-l"> <h2 class="ecl-u-type-heading-2">Adequacy decisions latest</h2> <div class="ecl-content-item-block"><div class="ecl-row"><div class="ecl-content-item-block__item contextual-region ecl-u-mb-l ecl-col-12 "><article class="ecl-content-item" ><div class="ecl-content-block ecl-content-item__content-block" data-ecl-auto-init="ContentBlock" data-ecl-content-block ><ul class="ecl-content-block__primary-meta-container"><li class="ecl-content-block__primary-meta-item">21 June 2024</li></ul><div class="ecl-content-block__title" data-ecl-title-link><a href="https://commission.europa.eu/news/joint-press-statement-meeting-between-vice-president-vera-jourova-european-commission-responsible-2024-06-20_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone" >Joint press statement for the meeting between Vice President Vera Jourová of the European Commission (responsible for Values and Transparency) and Chairperson Shizuo Fuji</a></div><div class="ecl-content-block__description">Draft joint press statement for the meeting between Vice President Vera Jourová of the European Commission (responsible for Values and Transparency) and Chairperson Shizuo Fujiwara of the Personal Information Protection Commission of Japan </div></div></article></div><div class="ecl-content-item-block__item contextual-region ecl-u-mb-l ecl-col-12 "><article class="ecl-content-item" ><div class="ecl-content-block ecl-content-item__content-block" data-ecl-auto-init="ContentBlock" data-ecl-content-block ><ul class="ecl-content-block__primary-meta-container"><li class="ecl-content-block__primary-meta-item">4 March 2024</li></ul><div class="ecl-content-block__title" data-ecl-title-link><a href="https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/mex_24_1307#11" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone" >Commission to host first international high-level meeting on safe data flows</a></div><div class="ecl-content-block__description">Today, Commissioner Reynders will chair the first ever high-level meeting on safe data flows. He will be joined by Vice-President Jourová and the Chair of the European Data Protection Board (EDPB). </div></div></article></div><div class="ecl-content-item-block__item contextual-region ecl-u-mb-l ecl-col-12 "><article class="ecl-content-item" ><div class="ecl-content-block ecl-content-item__content-block" data-ecl-auto-init="ContentBlock" data-ecl-content-block ><ul class="ecl-content-block__primary-meta-container"><li class="ecl-content-block__primary-meta-item">15 January 2024</li></ul><div class="ecl-content-block__title" data-ecl-title-link><a href="https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_24_161" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone" >Commission finds that EU personal data flows can continue with 11 third countries and territories.</a></div><div class="ecl-content-block__description">Today, the European Commission successfully concluded its review of 11 existing adequacy decisions. These decisions had been adopted under the EU data protection legislation that preceded the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). </div></div></article></div><div class="ecl-content-item-block__item contextual-region ecl-u-mb-l ecl-col-12 last-item-column last-item"><article class="ecl-content-item" ><div class="ecl-content-block ecl-content-item__content-block" data-ecl-auto-init="ContentBlock" data-ecl-content-block ><ul class="ecl-content-block__primary-meta-container"><li class="ecl-content-block__primary-meta-item">11 April 2023</li></ul><div class="ecl-content-block__title" data-ecl-title-link><a href="https://commission.europa.eu/news/joint-press-statement-didier-reynders-european-commissioner-justice-and-ko-haksoo-chair-republic-2023-04-11_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone" >Joint Press Statement by Didier Reynders, European Commissioner for Justice, and Ko Haksoo, Chair of the Republic of Korea's Personal Information Protection Commission</a></div><div class="ecl-content-block__description">Read the full Joint Press Statement. </div></div></article></div></div><div class="ecl-u-border-color-neutral ecl-u-border-width-1 ecl-u-border-top"></div><div class="ecl-row"><div class="ecl-content-item-block__button ecl-col-12"><div class="ecl-u-clearfix ecl-u-pv-m"><a href="https://commission.europa.eu/news_en?f%5B0%5D=departments_departments%3Ahttp%3A//publications.europa.eu/resource/authority/corporate-body/JUST&f%5B1%5D=oe_news_title%3Aadequacy%20decisions" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--icon" ><span class="ecl-link__label">See all</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xs ecl-icon--rotate-180 ecl-link__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" ><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#arrow-left"></use></svg></a></div></div></div></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ecl-u-mb-2xl"> <a id="paragraph_6450"></a> <div> <div class="ecl"> <h2 class="ecl-u-type-heading-2">Documents</h2> </div> <div class="ecl"> <div xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" class="ecl-file" data-ecl-file="" id="ecl-file-1743621009"><div class="ecl-file__container"><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--2xl ecl-file__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#file"></use></svg><div class="ecl-file__info"><ul class="ecl-file__detail-meta"><li class="ecl-file__detail-meta-item">9 OCTOBER 2024</li></ul><div class="ecl-file__title" id="ecl-file-1743621009-title">Report on the first periodic review of the functioning of the adequacy decision on the EU-US Data Privacy Framework</div></div></div><div class="ecl-file__footer"><div class="ecl-file__language" id="ecl-file-1743621009-lang">English</div><div class="ecl-file__meta">(389.92 KB - PDF)</div><div class="ecl-file__action"><a href="/document/download/25695177-8073-4ce3-bf81-eb816dc6b468_en?filename=Report%20on%20the%20first%20periodic%20review%20of%20the%20functioning%20of%20the%20adequacy%20decision%20on%20the%20EU-US%20Data%20Privacy%20Framework.pdf" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--icon ecl-file__download" data-wt-preview="pdf" id="ecl-file-1743621009-link" aria-labelledby="ecl-file-1743621009-link-label ecl-file-1743621009-title ecl-file-1743621009-lang"><span class="ecl-link__label">Download</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--fluid ecl-link__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#download"></use></svg></a></div></div></div> <div xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" class="ecl-file" data-ecl-file="" id="ecl-file-971729067"><div class="ecl-file__container"><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--2xl ecl-file__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#file"></use></svg><div class="ecl-file__info"><ul class="ecl-file__detail-meta"><li class="ecl-file__detail-meta-item">15 JANUARY 2024</li></ul><div class="ecl-file__title" id="ecl-file-971729067-title">Report on the first review of the functioning of the adequacy decisions adopted pursuant to Article 25(6) of Directive 95/46/EC</div></div></div><div class="ecl-file__footer"><div class="ecl-file__language" id="ecl-file-971729067-lang">English</div><div class="ecl-file__meta">(196.58 KB - HTML)</div><div class="ecl-file__action"><a href="/document/download/f62d70a4-39e3-4372-9d49-e59dc0fda3df_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--icon ecl-file__download" id="ecl-file-971729067-link" aria-labelledby="ecl-file-971729067-link-label ecl-file-971729067-title ecl-file-971729067-lang"><span class="ecl-link__label">Download</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--fluid ecl-link__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#download"></use></svg></a></div></div></div> <div xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" class="ecl-file" data-ecl-file="" id="ecl-file-843476852"><div class="ecl-file__container"><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--2xl ecl-file__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#file"></use></svg><div class="ecl-file__info"><ul class="ecl-file__detail-meta"><li class="ecl-file__detail-meta-item">15 JANUARY 2024</li></ul><div class="ecl-file__title" id="ecl-file-843476852-title">Commission Staff Working Document - Country reports on the functioning of the adequacy decisions adopted under Directive 95/46/EC</div></div></div><div class="ecl-file__footer"><div class="ecl-file__language" id="ecl-file-843476852-lang">English</div><div class="ecl-file__meta">(2.78 MB - PDF)</div><div class="ecl-file__action"><a href="/document/download/f8229eb2-1a36-4cf5-a099-1cd001664bff_en?filename=JUST_template_comingsoon_Commission%20Staff%20Working%20Document%20-%20Report%20on%20the%20first%20review%20of%20the%20functioning.pdf" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--icon ecl-file__download" data-wt-preview="pdf" id="ecl-file-843476852-link" aria-labelledby="ecl-file-843476852-link-label ecl-file-843476852-title ecl-file-843476852-lang"><span class="ecl-link__label">Download</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--fluid ecl-link__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#download"></use></svg></a></div></div></div> <div xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" class="ecl-file" data-ecl-file="" id="ecl-file-2041666037"><div class="ecl-file__container"><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--2xl ecl-file__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#file"></use></svg><div class="ecl-file__info"><ul class="ecl-file__detail-meta"><li class="ecl-file__detail-meta-item">10 JULY 2023</li></ul><div class="ecl-file__title" id="ecl-file-2041666037-title">Adequacy decision for the EU-US Data Privacy Framework</div></div></div><div class="ecl-file__footer"><div class="ecl-file__language" id="ecl-file-2041666037-lang">English</div><div class="ecl-file__meta">(1.42 MB - HTML)</div><div class="ecl-file__action"><a href="/document/download/fa09cbad-dd7d-4684-ae60-be03fcb0fddf_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--icon ecl-file__download" id="ecl-file-2041666037-link" aria-labelledby="ecl-file-2041666037-link-label ecl-file-2041666037-title ecl-file-2041666037-lang"><span class="ecl-link__label">Download</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--fluid ecl-link__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#download"></use></svg></a></div></div></div> <div xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" class="ecl-file" data-ecl-file="" id="ecl-file-1403994660"><div class="ecl-file__container"><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--2xl ecl-file__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#file"></use></svg><div class="ecl-file__info"><ul class="ecl-file__detail-meta"><li class="ecl-file__detail-meta-item">4 APRIL 2023</li></ul><div class="ecl-file__title" id="ecl-file-1403994660-title">Report on the first periodic review of the adequacy decision for Japan</div></div></div><div class="ecl-file__footer"><div class="ecl-file__language" id="ecl-file-1403994660-lang">English</div><div class="ecl-file__meta">(162.83 KB - HTML)</div><div class="ecl-file__action"><a href="/document/download/c2b3071f-b4fb-4bca-8575-d314bb49f195_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--icon ecl-file__download" id="ecl-file-1403994660-link" aria-labelledby="ecl-file-1403994660-link-label ecl-file-1403994660-title ecl-file-1403994660-lang"><span class="ecl-link__label">Download</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--fluid ecl-link__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#download"></use></svg></a></div></div></div> <div xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" class="ecl-file" data-ecl-file="" id="ecl-file-1850945665"><div class="ecl-file__container"><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--2xl ecl-file__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#file"></use></svg><div class="ecl-file__info"><ul class="ecl-file__detail-meta"><li class="ecl-file__detail-meta-item">4 APRIL 2023</li></ul><div class="ecl-file__title" id="ecl-file-1850945665-title">Commission Staff Working Document - Report on the first periodic review of the adequacy decision for Japan</div></div></div><div class="ecl-file__footer"><div class="ecl-file__language" id="ecl-file-1850945665-lang">English</div><div class="ecl-file__meta">(314.01 KB - HTML)</div><div class="ecl-file__action"><a href="/document/download/5d22f45a-d1b5-40d9-ad30-64ca13e12ca3_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--icon ecl-file__download" id="ecl-file-1850945665-link" aria-labelledby="ecl-file-1850945665-link-label ecl-file-1850945665-title ecl-file-1850945665-lang"><span class="ecl-link__label">Download</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--fluid ecl-link__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#download"></use></svg></a></div></div></div> <div xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" class="ecl-file" data-ecl-file="" id="ecl-file-2108152307"><div class="ecl-file__container"><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--2xl ecl-file__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#file"></use></svg><div class="ecl-file__info"><ul class="ecl-file__detail-meta"><li class="ecl-file__detail-meta-item">17 DECEMBER 2021</li></ul><div class="ecl-file__title" id="ecl-file-2108152307-title">Decision on the adequate protection of personal data by the Republic of Korea with annexes</div></div></div><div class="ecl-file__footer"><div class="ecl-file__language" id="ecl-file-2108152307-lang">English</div><div class="ecl-file__meta">(1.69 MB - HTML)</div><div class="ecl-file__action"><a href="/document/download/e9453177-f192-4416-a147-3c57adc468c4_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--icon ecl-file__download" id="ecl-file-2108152307-link" aria-labelledby="ecl-file-2108152307-link-label ecl-file-2108152307-title ecl-file-2108152307-lang"><span class="ecl-link__label">Download</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--fluid ecl-link__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#download"></use></svg></a></div></div></div> <div xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" class="ecl-file" data-ecl-file="" id="ecl-file-504549547"><div class="ecl-file__container"><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--2xl ecl-file__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#file"></use></svg><div class="ecl-file__info"><ul class="ecl-file__detail-meta"><li class="ecl-file__detail-meta-item">28 JUNE 2021</li></ul><div class="ecl-file__title" id="ecl-file-504549547-title">Decision on the adequate protection of personal data by the United Kingdom - General Data Protection Regulation</div></div></div><div class="ecl-file__footer"><div class="ecl-file__language" id="ecl-file-504549547-lang">English</div><div class="ecl-file__meta">(900.31 KB - HTML)</div><div class="ecl-file__action"><a href="/document/download/dabdaf35-ee58-405e-ac3e-924d04b2cfe4_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--icon ecl-file__download" id="ecl-file-504549547-link" aria-labelledby="ecl-file-504549547-link-label ecl-file-504549547-title ecl-file-504549547-lang"><span class="ecl-link__label">Download</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--fluid ecl-link__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#download"></use></svg></a></div></div></div> <div xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" class="ecl-file" data-ecl-file="" id="ecl-file-1526291243"><div class="ecl-file__container"><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--2xl ecl-file__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#file"></use></svg><div class="ecl-file__info"><ul class="ecl-file__detail-meta"><li class="ecl-file__detail-meta-item">28 JUNE 2021</li></ul><div class="ecl-file__title" id="ecl-file-1526291243-title">Decision on the adequate protection of personal data by the United Kingdom: Law Enforcement Directive</div></div></div><div class="ecl-file__footer"><div class="ecl-file__language" id="ecl-file-1526291243-lang">English</div><div class="ecl-file__meta">(600.68 KB - HTML)</div><div class="ecl-file__action"><a href="/document/download/67dc46ee-1f1a-4f3b-920f-71af138ffcfc_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--icon ecl-file__download" id="ecl-file-1526291243-link" aria-labelledby="ecl-file-1526291243-link-label ecl-file-1526291243-title ecl-file-1526291243-lang"><span class="ecl-link__label">Download</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--fluid ecl-link__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#download"></use></svg></a></div></div></div> <div xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" class="ecl-file" data-ecl-file="" id="ecl-file-2093767110"><div class="ecl-file__container"><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--2xl ecl-file__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#file"></use></svg><div class="ecl-file__info"><ul class="ecl-file__detail-meta"><li class="ecl-file__detail-meta-item">14 JANUARY 2019</li></ul><div class="ecl-file__title" id="ecl-file-2093767110-title">EU Japan Adequacy Decision - Factsheet</div></div></div><div class="ecl-file__footer"><div class="ecl-file__language" id="ecl-file-2093767110-lang">English</div><div class="ecl-file__meta">(216.41 KB - PDF)</div><div class="ecl-file__action"><a href="/document/download/c2689793-a827-4735-bc8d-15b9fd88e444_en?filename=adequacy-japan-factsheet_en_2019.pdf" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--icon ecl-file__download" data-wt-preview="pdf" id="ecl-file-2093767110-link" aria-labelledby="ecl-file-2093767110-link-label ecl-file-2093767110-title ecl-file-2093767110-lang"><span class="ecl-link__label">Download</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--fluid ecl-link__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#download"></use></svg></a></div></div></div> </div> </div> </div> <div> <a id="paragraph_36077"></a> <div class="ecl-content-item-block"><div class="ecl-row"><div class="ecl-content-item-block__title ecl-col-12"><h2 class='ecl-u-type-heading-2'>Related links</h2></div></div><div class="ecl-row"><div class="ecl-content-item-block__item contextual-region ecl-u-mb-l ecl-col-12 ecl-col-l-6 "><article class="ecl-content-item" ><div class="ecl-content-block ecl-content-item__content-block" data-ecl-auto-init="ContentBlock" data-ecl-content-block ><div class="ecl-content-block__title" data-ecl-title-link><a href="https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_21_661" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone" >Data protection: European Commission launches process on personal data flows to UK</a></div><div class="ecl-content-block__description"><div class="ecl"><p>Press release - 19 February 2021</p></div></div></div></article></div><div class="ecl-content-item-block__item contextual-region ecl-u-mb-l ecl-col-12 ecl-col-l-6 "><article class="ecl-content-item" ><div class="ecl-content-block ecl-content-item__content-block" data-ecl-auto-init="ContentBlock" data-ecl-content-block ><div class="ecl-content-block__title" data-ecl-title-link><a href="https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/IP_18_5433" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone" >International data flows: Commission launches the adoption of its adequacy decision on Japan</a></div><div class="ecl-content-block__description"><div class="ecl"><p>Press release - 5 September 2018</p></div></div></div></article></div><div class="ecl-content-item-block__item contextual-region ecl-u-mb-l ecl-col-12 ecl-col-l-6 "><article class="ecl-content-item" ><div class="ecl-content-block ecl-content-item__content-block" data-ecl-auto-init="ContentBlock" data-ecl-content-block ><div class="ecl-content-block__title" data-ecl-title-link><a href="https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/STATEMENT_17_4739" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone" >Press statement by Commissioner Věra Jourová, Mr. Lee Hyo-seong, Chairman of the Korea Communications Commission and Mr. Jeong Hyun-cheol, Vice President of the Korea Internet & Security Agency</a></div><div class="ecl-content-block__description"><div class="ecl"><p>Press Statement - 20 November 2017</p></div></div></div></article></div><div class="ecl-content-item-block__item contextual-region ecl-u-mb-l ecl-col-12 ecl-col-l-6 last-item-column"><article class="ecl-content-item" ><div class="ecl-content-block ecl-content-item__content-block" data-ecl-auto-init="ContentBlock" data-ecl-content-block ><div class="ecl-content-block__title" data-ecl-title-link><a href="https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/STATEMENT_17_1917" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone" >Joint Declaration by Mr. Shinzo Abe, Prime Minister of Japan, and Mr. Jean-Claude Juncker, President of the European Commission</a></div><div class="ecl-content-block__description"><div class="ecl"><p>Joint Declaration - 6 July 2017</p></div></div></div></article></div><div class="ecl-content-item-block__item contextual-region ecl-u-mb-l ecl-col-12 ecl-col-l-6 last-item-column last-item"><article class="ecl-content-item" ><div class="ecl-content-block ecl-content-item__content-block" data-ecl-auto-init="ContentBlock" data-ecl-content-block ><div class="ecl-content-block__title" data-ecl-title-link><a href="https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/STATEMENT_17_1880" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone" >Joint statement by Commissioner Věra Jourová and Haruhi Kumazawa, Commissioner of the Personal Information Protection Commission of Japan on the state of play of the dialogue on data protection</a></div><div class="ecl-content-block__description"><div class="ecl"><p>Joint Statement - 4 July 2017</p></div></div></div></article></div></div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div data-inpage-navigation-source-area="h2"> <div id="block-ewcms-theme-megamenuhideforprintfix"> <div class="ecl-u-mb-2xl"> <a id="paragraph_50262"></a> <div> <div class="ecl"><article> <div><script src="https://europa.eu/webassets/commission.europa.eu/resources/jsassets/megamenu-hide-print.js"></script> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ecl-row"> <div class="ecl-col-s-12"> <div> <div id="block-ewcms-theme-socialshare"> <div class="ecl-social-media-share"> <p class="ecl-social-media-share__description"> Share this page </p> <script type="application/json">{"service":"share","version":"2.0","networks":["twitter","facebook","linkedin","email","more"],"display":"icons","stats":true,"selection":true}</script> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </main> <div id="block-ewcms-theme-pagefeedbackform"> <script type="application/json">{"service":"dff","id":"mKCuJxpV_dff_v2","lang":"en","version":"2.0"}</script> </div> <footer class="ecl-site-footer ecl-site-footer--split-columns" data-logo-area-label-en="Home - European Commission" ><div class="ecl-container ecl-site-footer__container"><div class="ecl-site-footer__row"><div class="ecl-site-footer__column"><div class="ecl-site-footer__section"><a href="https://commission.europa.eu/index_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-site-footer__logo-link" ><picture class="ecl-picture ecl-site-footer__picture" title="European Commission" ><source srcset="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/logo/negative/logo-ec--en.svg" media="(min-width: 996px)" ><img class="ecl-site-footer__logo-image" src="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/logo/negative/logo-ec--en.svg" alt="European Commission logo" ></picture></a><div class="ecl-site-footer__description">This site is managed by:<br />Directorate-General for Communication</div><ul class="ecl-site-footer__list"><li class="ecl-site-footer__list-item"><a href="/accessibility-statement_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--inverted ecl-site-footer__link" data-is-accessibility-link="true" >Accessibility</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="ecl-site-footer__column"><div class="ecl-site-footer__section"><ul class="ecl-site-footer__list ecl-site-footer__list--columns"><li class="ecl-site-footer__list-item"><a href="https://commission.europa.eu/about_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--inverted ecl-site-footer__link" >About us</a></li><li class="ecl-site-footer__list-item"><a href="https://commission.europa.eu/about/contact_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--inverted ecl-site-footer__link" >Contact us</a></li><li class="ecl-site-footer__list-item"><a href="https://commission.europa.eu/priorities-2024-2029_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--inverted ecl-site-footer__link" >Priorities</a></li><li class="ecl-site-footer__list-item"><a href="https://commission.europa.eu/topics_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--inverted ecl-site-footer__link" >Topics</a></li><li class="ecl-site-footer__list-item"><a href="https://commission.europa.eu/funding-tenders_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--inverted ecl-site-footer__link" >Funding and tenders</a></li><li class="ecl-site-footer__list-item"><a href="https://commission.europa.eu/get-involved/jobs-european-commission_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--inverted ecl-site-footer__link" >Jobs</a></li><li class="ecl-site-footer__list-item"><a href="https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/home/en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--inverted ecl-site-footer__link" >Press corner</a></li><li class="ecl-site-footer__list-item"><a href="https://commission.europa.eu/get-involved/events_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--inverted ecl-site-footer__link" >Events</a></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="ecl-site-footer__row"><div class="ecl-site-footer__column"><div class="ecl-site-footer__section ecl-site-footer__section--social"><div class="ecl-site-footer__title">Follow us</div><ul class="ecl-site-footer__list ecl-site-footer__list--inline"><li class="ecl-site-footer__list-item"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/EuropeanCommission" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--inverted ecl-link--icon ecl-site-footer__link ecl-link--icon-only" data-section-label-untranslated="Follow us" data-footer-link-label="Facebook" ><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--m ecl-link__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" ><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons-social-media/sprites/icons-social-media.svg#facebook-negative"></use></svg><span class="ecl-link__label">Facebook</span></a></li><li class="ecl-site-footer__list-item"><a href="https://www.instagram.com/europeancommission/" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--inverted ecl-link--icon ecl-site-footer__link ecl-link--icon-only" data-section-label-untranslated="Follow us" data-footer-link-label="Instagram" ><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--m ecl-link__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" ><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons-social-media/sprites/icons-social-media.svg#instagram-negative"></use></svg><span class="ecl-link__label">Instagram</span></a></li><li class="ecl-site-footer__list-item"><a href="https://x.com/EU_Commission" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--inverted ecl-link--icon ecl-site-footer__link ecl-link--icon-only" data-section-label-untranslated="Follow us" data-footer-link-label="Twitter" ><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--m ecl-link__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" ><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons-social-media/sprites/icons-social-media.svg#twitter-negative"></use></svg><span class="ecl-link__label">Twitter</span></a></li><li class="ecl-site-footer__list-item"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/european-commission" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--inverted ecl-link--icon ecl-site-footer__link ecl-link--icon-only" data-section-label-untranslated="Follow us" data-footer-link-label="LinkedIn" ><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--m ecl-link__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" ><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons-social-media/sprites/icons-social-media.svg#linkedin-negative"></use></svg><span class="ecl-link__label">LinkedIn</span></a></li><li class="ecl-site-footer__list-item"><a href="https://european-union.europa.eu/contact-eu/social-media-channels_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--inverted ecl-link--icon ecl-site-footer__link ecl-link--icon-only" data-section-label-untranslated="Follow us" data-footer-link-label="Other networks" ><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--m ecl-link__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" ><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons-social-media/sprites/icons-social-media.svg#chain-negative"></use></svg><span class="ecl-link__label">Other networks</span></a></li></ul></div><div class="ecl-site-footer__section ecl-site-footer__section--extra-link"><ul class="ecl-site-footer__list ecl-site-footer__list--inline ecl-site-footer__list--separator"><li class="ecl-site-footer__list-item"><a href="https://commission.europa.eu/legal-notice/vulnerability-disclosure-policy_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--inverted ecl-site-footer__link" data-section-label-untranslated="legal_navigation" data-footer-link-label="Report an IT vulnerability" >Report an IT vulnerability</a></li><li class="ecl-site-footer__list-item"><a href="https://commission.europa.eu/languages-our-websites_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--inverted ecl-site-footer__link" data-section-label-untranslated="legal_navigation" data-footer-link-label="Languages on our websites" >Languages on our websites</a></li><li class="ecl-site-footer__list-item"><a href="https://commission.europa.eu/cookies-policy_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--inverted ecl-site-footer__link" data-section-label-untranslated="legal_navigation" data-footer-link-label="Cookies" >Cookies</a></li><li class="ecl-site-footer__list-item"><a href="https://commission.europa.eu/privacy-policy-websites-managed-european-commission_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--inverted ecl-site-footer__link" data-section-label-untranslated="legal_navigation" data-footer-link-label="Privacy policy" >Privacy policy</a></li><li class="ecl-site-footer__list-item"><a href="https://commission.europa.eu/legal-notice_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--inverted ecl-site-footer__link" data-section-label-untranslated="legal_navigation" data-footer-link-label="Legal notice" >Legal notice</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div></footer> </div> <script type="application/json">{"utility":"piwik","siteID":"0ccd2154-5091-4eff-83f3-1b423f81600c","sitePath":["commission.europa.eu"],"instance":"ec","dimensions":[{"id":3,"value":"Landing Page"},{"id":4,"value":"data-protection"},{"id":5,"value":"Directorate-General-for-Justice-and-Consumers"},{"id":6,"value":"Adequacy decisions"},{"id":7,"value":"1356f6f4-d4a9-4c49-9cb7-087a3b6803f5"},{"id":8,"value":"EC - CORE"},{"id":9,"value":"data-processing data-protection information-policy"},{"id":10,"value":"Not Easy-to-read"}]}</script> <script type="application/json">{"utility":"cck"}</script> <script type="application/json" data-drupal-selector="drupal-settings-json">{"path":{"baseUrl":"\/","pathPrefix":"","currentPath":"node\/1304","currentPathIsAdmin":false,"isFront":false,"currentLanguage":"en","urlSuffixes":["bg","es","cs","da","de","et","el","en","fr","ga","hr","it","lv","lt","hu","mt","nl","pl","pt","ro","sk","sl","fi","sv","ar","ca","is","lb","no","tr","ru","uk","zh","sw","he","ja"]},"pluralDelimiter":"\u0003","suppressDeprecationErrors":true,"ajaxTrustedUrl":{"form_action_p_pvdeGsVG5zNF_XLGPTvYSKCf43t8qZYSwcfZl2uzM":true},"user":{"uid":0,"permissionsHash":"cba3110261ccc4cd2f2834d1ff2caeb969cefcaec065dc43ab970f003788644f"}}</script> <script src="/sites/default/files/js/js_3TBNqxq3ntjDpkYYdBo3B6Gwc2EQ4hVETdTf1cefCHs.js?scope=footer&delta=0&language=en&theme=ewcms_theme&include=eJxVjdEOgzAIRX_IzU8iWEkloWAorfPvZzaN8Q04l3ONYKMpzKSOs7cV5X3tr1rQQwxn8sEIYqFCY7KympIGCE-OvgOlm9InyBUFas8DbanUC_xmPNAenOrJSpNgYc0N5YwUTAvr4XPUKhhsCmpHWaenMEFt3ml_XFlXzASKnfP_16lYR_kCSaxdNw"></script> <script src="https://webtools.europa.eu/load.js" defer></script> <script src="/sites/default/files/js/js_LorbNWtDV-2UkGOeXcVA36qg1LHbb9-iRWxj6L_fvz4.js?scope=footer&delta=2&language=en&theme=ewcms_theme&include=eJxVjdEOgzAIRX_IzU8iWEkloWAorfPvZzaN8Q04l3ONYKMpzKSOs7cV5X3tr1rQQwxn8sEIYqFCY7KympIGCE-OvgOlm9InyBUFas8DbanUC_xmPNAenOrJSpNgYc0N5YwUTAvr4XPUKhhsCmpHWaenMEFt3ml_XFlXzASKnfP_16lYR_kCSaxdNw"></script> <script src="https://ec.europa.eu/wel/surveys/wr_survey01/wr_survey.js" defer></script> <script src="/sites/default/files/js/js_MfZr-yqr5j5WOSWcKdPmLm4U4vByBwyDpM8cW6ORoMo.js?scope=footer&delta=4&language=en&theme=ewcms_theme&include=eJxVjdEOgzAIRX_IzU8iWEkloWAorfPvZzaN8Q04l3ONYKMpzKSOs7cV5X3tr1rQQwxn8sEIYqFCY7KympIGCE-OvgOlm9InyBUFas8DbanUC_xmPNAenOrJSpNgYc0N5YwUTAvr4XPUKhhsCmpHWaenMEFt3ml_XFlXzASKnfP_16lYR_kCSaxdNw"></script> </body> </html>