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height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Ensiklopedia Bebas" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-id.svg" width="120" height="14" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pencarian" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Cari di Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Pencarian</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Telusuri Wikipedia" aria-label="Telusuri Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Cari di Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Istimewa:Pencarian"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Cari</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Perkakas pribadi"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tampilan" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tampilan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_id.wikipedia.org&uselang=id" class=""><span>Menyumbang</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buat_akun&returnto=Isotop+helium" title="Anda dianjurkan untuk membuat akun dan masuk log; meskipun, hal itu tidak diwajibkan" class=""><span>Buat akun baru</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Masuk_log&returnto=Isotop+helium" title="Anda disarankan untuk masuk log, meskipun hal itu tidak diwajibkan. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Masuk log</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Opsi lainnya" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Perkakas pribadi" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Perkakas pribadi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menu pengguna" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_id.wikipedia.org&uselang=id"><span>Menyumbang</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buat_akun&returnto=Isotop+helium" title="Anda dianjurkan untuk membuat akun dan masuk log; meskipun, hal itu tidak diwajibkan"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Buat akun baru</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Masuk_log&returnto=Isotop+helium" title="Anda disarankan untuk masuk log, meskipun hal itu tidak diwajibkan. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Masuk log</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Halaman penyunting yang telah keluar log <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengantar" aria-label="Pelajari lebih lanjut tentang menyunting"><span>pelajari lebih lanjut</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Kontribusi_saya" title="Daftar suntingan yang dibuat dari alamat IP ini [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Kontribusi</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pembicaraan_saya" title="Pembicaraan tentang suntingan dari alamat IP ini [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Pembicaraan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Situs"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Daftar isi" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Daftar isi</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Awal</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Daftar_isotop" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Daftar_isotop"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Daftar isotop</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Daftar_isotop-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Helium-2_(diproton)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Helium-2_(diproton)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Helium-2 (diproton)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Helium-2_(diproton)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Helium-3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Helium-3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Helium-3</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Helium-3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Helium-4" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Helium-4"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Helium-4</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Helium-4-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Isotop_helium_yang_lebih_berat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Isotop_helium_yang_lebih_berat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Isotop helium yang lebih berat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Isotop_helium_yang_lebih_berat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pranala_luar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pranala_luar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Pranala luar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pranala_luar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referensi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referensi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Referensi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referensi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Daftar isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gulingkan daftar isi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Isotop helium</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 25 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-25" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">25 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="نظائر الهيليوم – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نظائر الهيليوم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Is%C3%B2tops_de_l%27heli" title="Isòtops de l'heli – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Isòtops de l'heli" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izotopy_helia" title="Izotopy helia – Cheska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Izotopy helia" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Cheska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF%C4%95%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Гели изотопĕсем – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Гели изотопĕсем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_helium" title="Isotopes of helium – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Isotopes of helium" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izotopoj_de_heliumo" title="Izotopoj de heliumo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Izotopoj de heliumo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anexo:Is%C3%B3topos_de_helio" title="Anexo:Isótopos de helio – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Anexo:Isótopos de helio" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%BE%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%87%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%85" title="ایزوتوپ‌های هلیوم – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ایزوتوپ‌های هلیوم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_de_l%27h%C3%A9lium" title="Isotopes de l'hélium – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Isotopes de l'hélium" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_h%C3%A9lium_izot%C3%B3pjai" title="A hélium izotópjai – Hungaria" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="A hélium izotópjai" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopi_dell%27elio" title="Isotopi dell'elio – Italia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Isotopi dell'elio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%98%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A6%E3%83%A0%E3%81%AE%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E4%BD%93" title="ヘリウムの同位体 – Jepang" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヘリウムの同位体" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%97%AC%EB%A5%A8_%EB%8F%99%EC%9C%84_%EC%9B%90%EC%86%8C" title="헬륨 동위 원소 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="헬륨 동위 원소" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotop_helium" title="Isotop helium – Melayu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Isotop helium" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Melayu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopen_van_helium" title="Isotopen van helium – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Isotopen van helium" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Is%C3%B3topos_de_h%C3%A9lio" title="Isótopos de hélio – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Isótopos de hélio" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%8B_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Изотопы гелия – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Изотопы гелия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izotopi_helija" title="Izotopi helija – Sloven" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Izotopi helija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloven" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliumisotoper" title="Heliumisotoper – Swedia" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Heliumisotoper" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1" title="ไอโซโทปของฮีเลียม – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ไอโซโทปของฮีเลียม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helyum_izotoplar%C4%B1" title="Helyum izotopları – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Helyum izotopları" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%8E" title="Ізотопи гелію – Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ізотопи гелію" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%93ng_v%E1%BB%8B_c%E1%BB%A7a_heli" title="Đồng vị của heli – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đồng vị của heli" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%A6%E7%9A%84%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%B4%A0" title="氦的同位素 – Tionghoa" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="氦的同位素" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%A6%E5%98%85%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%B4%A0" title="氦嘅同位素 – Kanton" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="氦嘅同位素" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kanton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q466960#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pranala interwiki" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting 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vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Perkakas</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Opsi lainnya" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tindakan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected 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href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pranala_balik/Isotop_helium" title="Daftar semua halaman wiki yang memiliki pranala ke halaman ini [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pranala balik</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Perubahan_terkait/Isotop_helium" rel="nofollow" title="Perubahan terbaru halaman-halaman yang memiliki pranala ke halaman ini [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Perubahan terkait</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_istimewa" title="Daftar semua halaman istimewa [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Halaman istimewa</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isotop_helium&oldid=22756076" title="Pranala permanen untuk revisi halaman ini"><span>Pranala permanen</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isotop_helium&action=info" title="Informasi lanjut tentang halaman ini"><span>Informasi halaman</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" 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buku</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:DownloadAsPdf&page=Isotop_helium&action=show-download-screen"><span>Unduh versi PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isotop_helium&printable=yes" title="Versi cetak halaman ini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versi cetak</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dalam proyek lain </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Isotopes_of_helium" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q466960" title="Pranala untuk menghubungkan butir pada ruang penyimpanan data [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Butir di Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Peralatan halaman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tampilan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="id" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r22657712">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Isotop utama helium</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table class="wikitable" cellpadding="0" style="text-align:center;width:100%; border-collapse:collapse; margin:0; padding:0;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Isotop" title="Isotop">Isotop</a> </th> <th colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Peluruhan_radioaktif" title="Peluruhan radioaktif">Peluruhan</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Kelimpahan_alami" class="mw-redirect" title="Kelimpahan alami">kelimpahan</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Waktu_paruh" title="Waktu paruh">waktu paruh</a> <span style="font-weight:normal;">(<i>t</i><sub>1/2</sub>)</span> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Peluruhan_radioaktif#Jenis_peluruhan" title="Peluruhan radioaktif">mode</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Produk_peluruhan" title="Produk peluruhan">produk</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Helium-3" title="Helium-3"><sup>3</sup>He</a> </th> <td style=""><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6994200000000000000♠"></span>0,0002(2)%</span> </td> <td colspan="4" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Isotop_stabil" class="mw-redirect" title="Isotop stabil">stabil</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Helium-4" title="Helium-4"><sup>4</sup>He</a> </th> <td style=""><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6999999998000000000♠"></span>99,9998(2)%</span> </td> <td colspan="4" style="text-align:left;">stabil </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Berat_atom_standar" class="mw-redirect" title="Berat atom standar">Berat atom standar</a> <span style="font-weight:normal;"><i>A</i><sub>r</sub>°(He)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23782729">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7000400260200000000♠"></span>4,002602</span><span style="margin-left:0.3em;margin-right:0.15em;">±</span>0,000002</li><li><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7000400260000000000♠"></span>4,0026<span style="margin-left:0.3em;margin-right:0.15em;">±</span>0,0001</span> (diringkas)<sup id="cite_ref-CIAAW2016_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIAAW2016-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint" style="background: #e8e8e8;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18590415">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Kotak_info_isotop_helium" title="Templat:Kotak info isotop helium"><span title="Lihat templat ini">lihat</span></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembicaraan_Templat:Kotak_info_isotop_helium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Kotak info isotop helium (halaman belum tersedia)"><span title="Diskusikan templat ini">bicara</span></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Kotak_info_isotop_helium&action=edit"><span title="Sunting templat ini">sunting</span></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Meskipun <b><a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium">helium</a></b> (<b><sub>2</sub>He</b>) (<a href="/wiki/Berat_atom_standar" class="mw-redirect" title="Berat atom standar">berat atom standar</a>: <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7000400260200000000♠"></span>4,002602</span>(2)) memiliki sembilan <a href="/wiki/Isotop" title="Isotop">isotop</a>, hanya <a href="/wiki/Helium-3" title="Helium-3">helium-3</a> (<sup>3</sup>He) dan <a href="/wiki/Helium-4" title="Helium-4">helium-4</a> (<sup>4</sup>He) yang <a href="/wiki/Rasio_isotop_stabil" title="Rasio isotop stabil">stabil</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Semua <a href="/wiki/Radionuklida" title="Radionuklida">radioisotop</a> helium berumur pendek, yang berumur paling lama adalah <sup>6</sup>He dengan <a href="/wiki/Waktu_paruh" title="Waktu paruh">waktu paruh</a> <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7002806920000000000♠"></span>806,92(24)</span> <a href="/wiki/Mili-" title="Mili-">milidetik</a>. Yang paling tidak stabil adalah <sup>10</sup>He, dengan waktu paruh <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7002260000000000000♠"></span>260(40)</span> <a href="/wiki/Yokto-" title="Yokto-">yoktodetik</a> (<span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6978260000000000000♠"></span>2,6(4)<span style="margin-left:0.25em;margin-right:0.15em;">×</span>10<sup>−22</sup></span> detik), meskipun ada kemungkinan bahwa <sup>2</sup>He mungkin memiliki waktu paruh yang lebih pendek. </p><p>Di atmosfer bumi, perbandingan <sup>3</sup>He terhadap <sup>4</sup>He adalah <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6994134299999999999♠"></span>1,343(13)<span style="margin-left:0.25em;margin-right:0.15em;">×</span>10<sup>−6</sup></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Namun, kelimpahan isotop helium sangat bervariasi tergantung pada asalnya. Di <a href="/wiki/Awan_Antarbintang_Lokal" title="Awan Antarbintang Lokal">Awan Antarbintang Lokal</a>, proporsi <sup>3</sup>He terhadap <sup>4</sup>He adalah <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6996162000000000000♠"></span>1,62(29)<span style="margin-left:0.25em;margin-right:0.15em;">×</span>10<sup>−4</sup></span>,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> yang <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7002121000000000000♠"></span>121(22)</span> kali lebih tinggi daripada helium di atmosfer. Batuan dari kerak bumi memiliki rasio isotop yang bervariasi hingga faktor sepuluh; hal ini digunakan dalam <a href="/wiki/Geologi" title="Geologi">geologi</a> untuk menyelidiki asal usul batuan dan komposisi <a href="/wiki/Mantel_(geologi)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mantel (geologi)">mantel</a> Bumi.<sup id="cite_ref-heliumfundamentals_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-heliumfundamentals-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Proses pembentukan yang berbeda dari dua isotop stabil helium menghasilkan kelimpahan isotop yang berbeda. </p><p>Campuran yang sama dari cairan <sup>3</sup>He dan <sup>4</sup>He di bawah <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6999800000000000000♠"></span>0,8 K</span> terpisah menjadi dua fase yang <a href="/wiki/Ketercampuran" title="Ketercampuran">tidak dapat bercampur</a> karena perbedaannya (mereka mengikuti <a href="/w/index.php?title=Statistik_Partikel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Statistik Partikel (halaman belum tersedia)">statistik kuantum</a> yang berbeda: atom <sup>4</sup>He adalah <a href="/wiki/Boson" title="Boson">boson</a> sedangkan atom <sup>3</sup>He adalah <a href="/wiki/Fermion" title="Fermion">fermion</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lemari_es_pengenceran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lemari es pengenceran (halaman belum tersedia)">Lemari es pengenceran</a> memanfaatkan ketidakbercampuran kedua isotop ini untuk mencapai suhu beberapa milikelvin. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Daftar_isotop">Daftar isotop</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isotop_helium&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bagian: Daftar isotop" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isotop_helium&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Daftar isotop"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size: 85%; white-space: nowrap"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align: top"> <th rowspan="2">Nuklida<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Nomor_atom" title="Nomor atom"><i>Z</i></a> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Jumlah_neutron" title="Jumlah neutron"><i>N</i></a> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Massa_atom" title="Massa atom">Massa isotop</a> <span style="font-weight:normal;">(<a href="/wiki/Dalton_(satuan)" title="Dalton (satuan)">Da</a>)</span><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Waktu_paruh" title="Waktu paruh">Waktu paruh</a><br /><br />[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Resonansi_(fisika_partikel)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Resonansi (fisika partikel) (halaman belum tersedia)">lebar resonansi</a>] </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Peluruhan_radioaktif#Mode_peluruhan" title="Peluruhan radioaktif">Mode<br />peluruhan</a><br /><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Produk_peluruhan" title="Produk peluruhan">Isotop<br />anak</a><br /><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Spin" title="Spin">Spin</a> dan<br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paritas_(fisika)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paritas (fisika) (halaman belum tersedia)">paritas</a><br /><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TNN_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TNN-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Kelimpahan_alami_unsur" title="Kelimpahan alami unsur">Kelimpahan alami</a> <small><span style="font-weight:normal;">(fraksi mol)</span></small> </th></tr> <tr> <th>Proporsi normal </th> <th>Rentang variasi </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="#Helium-2_(diproton)"><span class="unicode;" style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:0.8em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:85%; text-align:right;">2</span>He</span></a><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:right">2 </td> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:right">0 </td> <td rowspan="2"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7000201589400000000♠"></span>2,015894</span>(2) </td> <td rowspan="2">≪ <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6991100000000000000♠"></span>10<sup>−9</sup></span> dtk<sup id="cite_ref-Schewe_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schewe-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emisi_positron" title="Emisi positron">p</a> (> <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6999999900000000000♠"></span>99,99%</span>) </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Atom_hidrogen" title="Atom hidrogen"><span class="unicode;" style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:0.8em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:85%; text-align:right;">1</span>H</span></a></b> </td> <td rowspan="2">0+# </td> <td rowspan="2"> </td> <td rowspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Emisi_positron" title="Emisi positron">β<sup>+</sup></a> (< <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6996100000000000000♠"></span>0,01%</span>) </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Deuterium" title="Deuterium"><span class="unicode;" style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:0.8em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:85%; text-align:right;">2</span>H</span></a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Helium-3" title="Helium-3"><span class="unicode;" style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:0.8em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:85%; text-align:right;">3</span>He</span></a><sup id="cite_ref-PN_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PN-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:right">2 </td> <td style="text-align:right">1 </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7000301602932196700♠"></span>3,016029</span>321967(60) </td> <td colspan="3" align="center"><b>Stabil</b><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>1/2+ </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6994200000000000000♠"></span>0,000002</span>(2)<sup id="cite_ref-Atomic_Weight_of_Helium_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Atomic_Weight_of_Helium-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>[<span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6990459999999999999♠"></span>4,6<span style="margin-left:0.25em;margin-right:0.15em;">×</span>10<sup>−10</sup></span>, <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6995410000000000000♠"></span>0,000041</span>]<sup id="cite_ref-Isotopic_Compositions_of_Elements_2013_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Isotopic_Compositions_of_Elements_2013-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Helium-4" title="Helium-4"><span class="unicode;" style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:0.8em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:85%; text-align:right;">4</span>He</span></a><sup id="cite_ref-PN_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PN-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:right">2 </td> <td style="text-align:right">2 </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7000400260325413000♠"></span>4,002603</span>254130(158) </td> <td colspan="3" align="center"><b>Stabil</b> </td> <td>0+ </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6999999998000000000♠"></span>0,999998</span>(2)<sup id="cite_ref-Atomic_Weight_of_Helium_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Atomic_Weight_of_Helium-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>[<span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6999999959000000000♠"></span>0,999959</span>, <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7000100000000000000♠"></span>1,000000</span>]<sup id="cite_ref-Isotopic_Compositions_of_Elements_2013_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Isotopic_Compositions_of_Elements_2013-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="unicode;" style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:0.8em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:85%; text-align:right;">5</span>He</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right">2 </td> <td style="text-align:right">3 </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7000501205700000000♠"></span>5,012057</span>(21) </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7002602000000000000♠"></span>602(22)</span> <a href="/wiki/Yokto-" title="Yokto-">ydtk</a><br />[<span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6987121444977714600♠"></span>758(28) keV</span>] </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emisi_neutron" title="Emisi neutron">n</a> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Helium-4" title="Helium-4"><span class="unicode;" style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:0.8em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:85%; text-align:right;">4</span>He</span></a></b> </td> <td>3/2− </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><span class="unicode;" style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:0.8em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:85%; text-align:right;">6</span>He</span><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:right">2 </td> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:right">4 </td> <td rowspan="2"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7000601888589000000♠"></span>6,018885</span>89(6) </td> <td rowspan="2"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7002806920000000000♠"></span>806,92(24)</span> <a href="/wiki/Mili-" title="Mili-">mdtk</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Peluruhan_beta" title="Peluruhan beta">β<sup>−</sup></a> (<span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7001999997220000000♠"></span>99,999722</span>(18)%) </td> <td><b><span class="unicode;" style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:0.8em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:85%; text-align:right;">6</span>Li</span></b> </td> <td rowspan="2">0+ </td> <td rowspan="2"> </td> <td rowspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>β<sup>−</sup>d (<span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6996277999999999999♠"></span>0,000278</span>(18)%) </td> <td><b><span class="unicode;" style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:0.8em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:85%; text-align:right;">4</span>He</span></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="unicode;" style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:0.8em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:85%; text-align:right;">7</span>He</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right">2 </td> <td style="text-align:right">5 </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7000702799100000000♠"></span>7,027991</span>(8) </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7000250999999999999♠"></span>2,51(7)</span> <a href="/wiki/Zepto-" title="Zepto-">zdtk</a><br />[<span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6986291596120634000♠"></span>182(5) keV</span>] </td> <td>n </td> <td><span class="unicode;" style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:0.8em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:85%; text-align:right;">6</span>He</span> </td> <td>(3/2)− </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3"><span class="unicode;" style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:0.8em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:85%; text-align:right;">8</span>He</span><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td rowspan="3" style="text-align:right">2 </td> <td rowspan="3" style="text-align:right">6 </td> <td rowspan="3"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7000803393439000000♠"></span>8,033934</span>39(10) </td> <td rowspan="3"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7002119500000000000♠"></span>119,5</span> (1,5) mdtk </td> <td>β<sup>−</sup> (<span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7001831000000000000♠"></span>83,1</span>(1,0)%) </td> <td><span class="unicode;" style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:0.8em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:85%; text-align:right;">8</span>Li</span> </td> <td rowspan="3">0+ </td> <td rowspan="3"> </td> <td rowspan="3"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>β<sup>−</sup>n (<span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6999160000000000000♠"></span>16(1)%</span>) </td> <td><b><span class="unicode;" style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:0.8em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:85%; text-align:right;">7</span>Li</span></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>β<sup>−</sup>t (<span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6997900000000000000♠"></span>0,9(1)%</span>) </td> <td><span class="unicode;" style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:0.8em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:85%; text-align:right;">5</span>He</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="unicode;" style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:0.8em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:85%; text-align:right;">9</span>He</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right">2 </td> <td style="text-align:right">7 </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7000904395000000000♠"></span>9,043950</span>(50) </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7000250000000000000♠"></span>2,5</span>(2,3) zdtk </td> <td>n </td> <td><span class="unicode;" style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:0.8em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:85%; text-align:right;">8</span>He</span> </td> <td>1/2(+) </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="unicode;" style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:0.8em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:85%; text-align:right;">10</span>He</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right">2 </td> <td style="text-align:right">8 </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7001100528200000000♠"></span>10,05282</span>(10) </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7002260000000000000♠"></span>260(40)</span> ydtk<br />[<span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6987281983061712000♠"></span>1,76(27) MeV</span>] </td> <td>2n </td> <td><span class="unicode;" style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:0.8em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:85%; text-align:right;">8</span>He</span> </td> <td>0+ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="20" style="text-align:right; line-height:85%;"><span style="font-weight:normal;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>Header & footer tabel ini:</i></span>  <span class="noprint plainlinks nourlexpansion" style="white-space: nowrap; font-size:xx-small;"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Isotopes_table" title="Templat:Isotopes table">view</a></span> </span> </th></tr></tbody></table> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">( ) –  Ketidakpastian (1<i>σ</i>) diberikan dalam bentuk ringkas dalam tanda kurung setelah digit terakhir yang sesuai.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> Mode peluruhan: <table style="margin-left:1.5em;"> <tbody><tr style="line-height: 1.1em;"> <td>n:</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emisi_neutron" title="Emisi neutron">Emisi neutron</a> </td></tr> <tr style="line-height: 1.1em;"> <td>p:</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emisi_proton" title="Emisi proton">Emisi proton</a> </td></tr></tbody></table></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><b>Simbol tebal</b> sebagai anak –  <a href="/wiki/Produk_peluruhan" title="Produk peluruhan">Produk anak</a> stabil.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">( ) nilai spin –  Menunjukkan spin dengan argumen penempatan yang lemah.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TNN-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TNN_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"># –  Nilai yang ditandai # tidak murni berasal dari data eksperimen, tetapi setidaknya sebagian dari tren nuklida tetangga (<i>trends of neighboring nuclides</i>, TNN).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Senyawa_intermediat" title="Senyawa intermediat">Perantara</a> dalam reaksi <a href="/wiki/Reaksi_rantai_proton-proton" title="Reaksi rantai proton-proton">rantai proton–proton</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PN-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PN_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PN_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Diproduksi selama <a href="/wiki/Nukleosintesis_Ledakan_Dahsyat" title="Nukleosintesis Ledakan Dahsyat">nukleosintesis Ledakan Dahsyat</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ia adalah satu dari dua nuklida stabil dengan lebih banyak <a href="/wiki/Proton" title="Proton">proton</a> daripada <a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">neutron</a>. Yang lain adalah <b><a href="/wiki/Atom_hidrogen" title="Atom hidrogen"><sup>1</sup>H</a></b>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Memiliki 2 neutron <a href="/w/index.php?title=Inti_halo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Inti halo (halaman belum tersedia)">halo</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Memiliki 4 neutron halo</span> </li> </ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Helium-2_(diproton)"><span id="Helium-2_.28diproton.29"></span>Helium-2 (diproton)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isotop_helium&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bagian: Helium-2 (diproton)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isotop_helium&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Helium-2 (diproton)"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Helium-2 atau <sup>2</sup>He adalah isotop helium yang sangat <a href="/wiki/Radionuklida" title="Radionuklida">tidak stabil</a>. <a href="/wiki/Inti_atom" title="Inti atom">Intinya</a>, <b>diproton</b>, terdiri dari dua <a href="/wiki/Proton" title="Proton">proton</a> tanpa <a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">neutron</a>. Menurut perhitungan teoritis, ia akan jauh lebih stabil (walaupun masih mengalami <a href="/wiki/Emisi_positron" title="Emisi positron">peluruhan β<sup>+</sup></a> menjadi <a href="/wiki/Deuterium" title="Deuterium">deuterium</a>) jika <a href="/wiki/Gaya_nuklir_kuat" title="Gaya nuklir kuat">interaksi kuatnya</a> 2% lebih besar.<sup id="cite_ref-Bradford_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bradford-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ketidakstabilannya adalah karena interaksi spin-spin dalam gaya nuklir, dan <a href="/wiki/Asas_larangan_Pauli" title="Asas larangan Pauli">asas larangan Pauli</a>, yang memaksa dua proton tersebut untuk memiliki spin anti-sejajar dan memberikan diproton <a href="/wiki/Energi_pengikatan_inti" title="Energi pengikatan inti">energi pengikatan</a> negatif.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mungkin ada pengamatan mengenai <sup>2</sup>He. Pada tahun 2000, fisikawan pertama kali mengamati jenis peluruhan radioaktif baru di mana sebuah inti <a href="/wiki/Emisi_proton" title="Emisi proton">memancarkan dua proton</a> sekaligus—mungkin inti <sup>2</sup>He.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sebuah tim yang dipimpin oleh Alfredo Galindo-Uribarri dari <a href="/wiki/Laboratorium_Nasional_Oak_Ridge" title="Laboratorium Nasional Oak Ridge">Laboratorium Nasional Oak Ridge</a> mengumumkan bahwa penemuan itu akan membantu para ilmuwan memahami gaya nuklir kuat dan memberikan wawasan baru tentang <a href="/wiki/Nukleosintesis_bintang" title="Nukleosintesis bintang">penciptaan unsur-unsur di dalam bintang</a>. Galindo-Uribarri dan rekan kerjanya memilih <a href="/wiki/Isotop_neon" title="Isotop neon">isotop neon</a> dengan struktur energi yang mencegahnya memancarkan proton satu per satu. Ini berarti bahwa kedua proton dikeluarkan secara bersamaan. Tim tersebut menembakkan seberkas ion <a href="/wiki/Fluorin" title="Fluorin">fluorin</a> ke target yang kaya proton untuk menghasilkan <a href="/wiki/Neon-18" class="mw-redirect" title="Neon-18"><sup>18</sup>Ne</a>, yang kemudian meluruh menjadi <a href="/wiki/Oksigen" title="Oksigen">oksigen</a> dan dua proton. Setiap proton yang dikeluarkan dari target itu sendiri diidentifikasi oleh energi karakteristiknya. Ada dua cara di mana emisi dua proton dapat dilanjutkan. Inti <a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon">neon</a> mungkin mengeluarkan "diproton"—sepasang proton yang dibundel bersama sebagai inti <sup>2</sup>He—yang kemudian meluruh menjadi proton terpisah. Atau, proton dapat dipancarkan secara terpisah tetapi secara bersamaan—yang disebut "peluruhan demokrasi". Eksperimen ini tidak cukup sensitif untuk menentukan yang mana dari dua proses ini yang terjadi. </p><p>Lebih banyak bukti dari <sup>2</sup>He ditemukan pada tahun 2008 di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Istituto_Nazionale_di_Fisica_Nucleare&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (halaman belum tersedia)">Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare</a>, di Italia.<sup id="cite_ref-Schewe_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schewe-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Seberkas ion <a href="/wiki/Neon-20" class="mw-redirect" title="Neon-20"><sup>20</sup>Ne</a> diarahkan pada target foil <a href="/wiki/Berilium" title="Berilium">berilium</a>. Tabrakan ini mengubah beberapa inti neon yang lebih berat dalam sinar menjadi inti <sup>18</sup>Ne. Inti ini kemudian bertabrakan dengan foil <a href="/wiki/Timbal" title="Timbal">timbal</a>. Tabrakan kedua memiliki efek menarik inti <sup>18</sup>Ne ke dalam kondisi yang sangat tidak stabil. Seperti pada percobaan sebelumnya di Oak Ridge, inti <sup>18</sup>Ne meluruh menjadi inti <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oksigen-16&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oksigen-16 (halaman belum tersedia)"><sup>16</sup>O</a>, ditambah dua proton yang terdeteksi keluar dari arah yang sama. Eksperimen baru menunjukkan bahwa dua proton awalnya dikeluarkan bersama-sama, berkorelasi dalam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Simbol_istilah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Simbol istilah (halaman belum tersedia)">konfigurasi <sup>1</sup>S</a> <i>quasibound</i>, sebelum meluruh menjadi proton terpisah kurang dari satu nanodetik kemudian. </p><p>Bukti lebih lanjut datang dari <a href="/wiki/Riken" title="Riken">RIKEN</a> di <a href="/wiki/Jepang" title="Jepang">Jepang</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span title="Kalimat yang diikuti tag ini membutuhkan rujukan. since Juli 2022" style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kutip_sumber_tulisan" title="Wikipedia:Kutip sumber tulisan">butuh rujukan</a></i>]</span></sup> dan <a href="/wiki/Joint_Institute_for_Nuclear_Research" title="Joint Institute for Nuclear Research">Joint Institute for Nuclear Research</a> di <a href="/wiki/Dubna" title="Dubna">Dubna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia">Rusia</a>,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span title="Kalimat yang diikuti tag ini membutuhkan rujukan. since Juli 2022" style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kutip_sumber_tulisan" title="Wikipedia:Kutip sumber tulisan">butuh rujukan</a></i>]</span></sup> di mana berkas inti <sup>6</sup>He diarahkan pada target hidrogen kriogenik untuk menghasilkan <sup>5</sup>He. Ditemukan bahwa inti <sup>6</sup>He dapat menyumbangkan keempat neutronnya kepada hidrogen.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span title="Kalimat yang diikuti tag ini membutuhkan rujukan. since Juli 2022" style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kutip_sumber_tulisan" title="Wikipedia:Kutip sumber tulisan">butuh rujukan</a></i>]</span></sup> Dua proton yang tersisa dapat dikeluarkan secara bersamaan dari target sebagai inti <sup>2</sup>He, yang dengan cepat meluruh menjadi dua proton. Reaksi serupa juga telah diamati dari inti <sup>8</sup>He yang bertabrakan dengan hidrogen.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><sup>2</sup>He adalah perantara dalam langkah pertama <a href="/wiki/Reaksi_rantai_proton-proton" title="Reaksi rantai proton-proton">reaksi berantai proton-proton</a>. Langkah pertama dari reaksi berantai proton-proton adalah proses dua tahap; pertama, dua proton melebur membentuk diproton: </p> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Atom_hidrogen" title="Atom hidrogen"><span class="unicode;" style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:85%; text-align:right;">1<br />1</span>H</span></a> + <span class="unicode;" style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:85%; text-align:right;">1<br />1</span>H</span> + <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6987200272060875000♠"></span>1,25 <a href="/wiki/Electronvolt" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronvolt">MeV</a></span> → <span class="unicode;" style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:85%; text-align:right;">2<br />2</span>He</span>,</dd></dl> <p>diikuti oleh <a href="/wiki/Emisi_positron" title="Emisi positron">peluruhan beta-plus</a> langsung dari diproton menjadi deuterium: </p> <dl><dd><span class="unicode;" style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:85%; text-align:right;">2<br />2</span>He</span> → <a href="/wiki/Deuterium" title="Deuterium"><span class="unicode;" style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:85%; text-align:right;">2<br />1</span>D</span></a> + <span class="texhtml" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Antielektron" class="mw-redirect" title="Antielektron"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><sub></sub>e<sup>+</sup></span></a> + <a href="/wiki/Neutrino_elektron" title="Neutrino elektron"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><sub></sub>ν<sub>e</sub></span></a></span> + <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6987267563473329000♠"></span>1,67 MeV</span>,</dd></dl> <p>dengan rumus keseluruhan </p> <dl><dd><span class="unicode;" style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:85%; text-align:right;">1<br />1</span>H</span> + <span class="unicode;" style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:85%; text-align:right;">1<br />1</span>H</span> → <span class="unicode;" style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:85%; text-align:right;">2<br />1</span>D</span> + <span class="texhtml" style="white-space: nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><sub></sub>e<sup>+</sup></span> + <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><sub></sub>ν<sub>e</sub></span></span> + <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6986672914124540000♠"></span>0,42 MeV</span>.</dd></dl> <p>Efek hipotetis dari pengikatan diproton pada <a href="/wiki/Nukleosintesis_Ledakan_Dahsyat" title="Nukleosintesis Ledakan Dahsyat">nukleosintesis Ledakan Dahsyat</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Nukleosintesis_bintang" title="Nukleosintesis bintang">bintang</a> telah diselidiki.<sup id="cite_ref-Bradford_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bradford-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Beberapa model memperkirakan bahwa variasi gaya kuat yang memungkinkan keberadaan diproton terikat akan memungkinkan konversi semua hidrogen primordial menjadi helium dalam <a href="/wiki/Ledakan_Dahsyat" title="Ledakan Dahsyat">Ledakan Dahsyat</a>, dengan konsekuensi bencana pada perkembangan bintang dan kehidupan. Proposisi ini digunakan sebagai contoh <a href="/wiki/Prinsip_antropik" title="Prinsip antropik">prinsip antropik</a>. Namun, sebuah studi tahun 2009 menunjukkan bahwa kesimpulan seperti itu tidak dapat ditarik, karena diproton yang terbentuk masih akan meluruh menjadi deuterium, yang energi pengikatannya juga akan meningkat. Dalam beberapa skenario, dipostulasikan bahwa hidrogen (dalam bentuk deuterium) masih bisa bertahan dalam jumlah yang relatif besar, membantah argumen bahwa gaya kuat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alam_semesta_yang_disetel_dengan_baik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alam semesta yang disetel dengan baik (halaman belum tersedia)">disetel</a> dalam batas antropik yang tepat.<sup id="cite_ref-weakanthropic_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-weakanthropic-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Helium-3">Helium-3</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isotop_helium&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bagian: Helium-3" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isotop_helium&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Helium-3"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18844875">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Helium-3" title="Helium-3">Helium-3</a></div> <p><sup>3</sup>He adalah <a href="/wiki/Isotop_stabil" class="mw-redirect" title="Isotop stabil">isotop stabil</a> dan merupakan satu dari dua isotop stabil selain <a href="/wiki/Atom_hidrogen" title="Atom hidrogen"><sup>1</sup>H</a> dengan jumlah proton lebih banyak daripada neutron. (Ada banyak isotop tidak stabil seperti itu, yang paling ringan adalah <a href="/wiki/Berilium-7" class="mw-redirect" title="Berilium-7"><sup>7</sup>Be</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Boron-8" class="mw-redirect" title="Boron-8"><sup>8</sup>B</a>.) Hanya ada sejumlah kecil (<span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6994200000000000000♠"></span>0,000002</span>(2))<sup id="cite_ref-Atomic_Weight_of_Helium_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Atomic_Weight_of_Helium-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup>3</sup>He di Bumi, terutama hadir sejak pembentukan Bumi, meskipun beberapa jatuh ke Bumi dan terperangkap dalam debu kosmik.<sup id="cite_ref-heliumfundamentals_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-heliumfundamentals-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jumlah renik juga dihasilkan oleh <a href="/wiki/Peluruhan_beta" title="Peluruhan beta">peluruhan beta</a> <a href="/wiki/Tritium" title="Tritium">tritium</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bagaimanpun, di dalam <a href="/wiki/Bintang" title="Bintang">bintang</a>, <sup>3</sup>He lebih berlimpah, karena ia produk <a href="/wiki/Fusi_nuklir" title="Fusi nuklir">fusi nuklir</a>. Bahan ekstraplanet, seperti <a href="/w/index.php?title=Regolit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Regolit (halaman belum tersedia)">regolit</a> <a href="/wiki/Bulan" title="Bulan">bulan</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Asteroid" title="Asteroid">asteroid</a>, memiliki jumlah renik <sup>3</sup>He dari bombardir <a href="/wiki/Angin_surya" title="Angin surya">angin surya</a>. </p><p>Agar helium-3 membentuk <a href="/wiki/Superfluida" title="Superfluida">superfluida</a>, ia harus didinginkan hingga suhu <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6997250000000000000♠"></span>0,0025 <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">K</a></span>, atau hampir seribu kali lebih rendah daripada helium-4 (<span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7000217000000000000♠"></span>2,17 K</span>). Perbedaan ini dijelaskan oleh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Statistik_partikel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Statistik partikel (halaman belum tersedia)">statistik kuantum</a>, karena atom helium-3 adalah <a href="/wiki/Fermion" title="Fermion">fermion</a>, sedangkan atom helium-4 adalah <a href="/wiki/Boson" title="Boson">boson</a>, yang lebih mudah mengembun menjadi superfluida. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Helium-4">Helium-4</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isotop_helium&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bagian: Helium-4" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isotop_helium&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Helium-4"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Helium-4" title="Helium-4">Helium-4</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r26333525">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .mbox-text-span{margin-left:23px!important}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Tanpa_referensi plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">Bab atau bagian ini <b>tidak memiliki <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kutip_sumber_tulisan" title="Wikipedia:Kutip sumber tulisan">referensi</a> atau <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Sumber_tepercaya" title="Wikipedia:Sumber tepercaya">sumber tepercaya</a></b> sehingga isinya tidak bisa <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pemastian" title="Wikipedia:Pemastian">dipastikan</a>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Tolong bantu <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Isotop_helium&action=edit">perbaiki artikel ini</a></span> dengan menambahkan referensi yang layak. <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Warung_Kopi/Kembangkan#Bab_atau_bagian" title="Wikipedia:Warung Kopi/Kembangkan">Bab atau bagian</a> ini akan dihapus bila tidak tersedia referensi ke <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Sumber_tepercaya" title="Wikipedia:Sumber tepercaya">sumber tepercaya</a> dalam bentuk <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Catatan_kaki" title="Bantuan:Catatan kaki">catatan kaki</a> atau <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pranala_luar" title="Wikipedia:Pranala luar">pranala luar</a>.</span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/Isotop" title="Isotop">Isotop</a> <a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium">helium</a> yang paling umum, <sup>4</sup>He, diproduksi di Bumi oleh <a href="/wiki/Peluruhan_alfa" title="Peluruhan alfa">peluruhan alfa</a> dari unsur radioaktif yang lebih berat; <a href="/wiki/Partikel_alfa" class="mw-redirect" title="Partikel alfa">partikel alfa</a> yang muncul adalah inti <sup>4</sup>He yang terionisasi penuh. <sup>4</sup>He adalah inti yang luar biasa stabil karena <a href="/wiki/Nukleon" title="Nukleon">nukleonnya</a> tersusun menjadi <a href="/wiki/Model_kulit_nuklir" title="Model kulit nuklir">kulit yang lengkap</a>. Ia juga terbentuk dalam jumlah besar selama <a href="/wiki/Nukleosintesis_Ledakan_Dahsyat" title="Nukleosintesis Ledakan Dahsyat">nukleosintesis Ledakan Dahsyat</a>. </p><p>Helium terestrial terdiri hampir secara eksklusif (<span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6999999998000000000♠"></span>0,999998</span>(2))<sup id="cite_ref-Atomic_Weight_of_Helium_18-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Atomic_Weight_of_Helium-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dari isotop ini. <a href="/wiki/Titik_didih" title="Titik didih">Titik didih</a> helium-4 sebesar <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7000420000000000000♠"></span>4,2 <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">K</a></span> adalah yang terendah kedua dari semua zat yang diketahui, kedua setelah helium-3. Ketika didinginkan lebih lanjut hingga <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7000217000000000000♠"></span>2,17 K</span>, ia berubah menjadi keadaan <a href="/wiki/Superfluida" title="Superfluida">superfluida</a> unik dengan <a href="/wiki/Kekentalan" title="Kekentalan">viskositas</a> nol. Ia membeku hanya pada tekanan di atas 25 <a href="/wiki/Atmosfer_(satuan)" title="Atmosfer (satuan)">atmosfer</a>, di mana <a href="/wiki/Titik_lebur" title="Titik lebur">titik leburnya</a> adalah <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6999950000000000000♠"></span>0,95 K</span>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Isotop_helium_yang_lebih_berat">Isotop helium yang lebih berat</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isotop_helium&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Sunting bagian: Isotop helium yang lebih berat" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isotop_helium&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Isotop helium yang lebih berat"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Meskipun semua isotop helium yang lebih berat <a href="/wiki/Peluruhan_radioaktif" title="Peluruhan radioaktif">meluruh</a> dengan <a href="/wiki/Waktu_paruh" title="Waktu paruh">waktu paruh</a> kurang dari satu detik, para peneliti telah menggunakan tumbukan <a href="/wiki/Pemercepat_partikel" title="Pemercepat partikel">akselerator partikel</a> untuk menciptakan <a href="/wiki/Inti_atom" title="Inti atom">inti atom</a> yang tidak biasa untuk unsur-unsur seperti <a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium">helium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Litium" title="Litium">litium</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen">nitrogen</a>. Struktur nuklir yang tidak biasa dari isotop tersebut dapat memberikan wawasan tentang sifat terisolasi dari <a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">neutron</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span title="Kalimat yang diikuti tag ini membutuhkan rujukan. since Juli 2022" style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kutip_sumber_tulisan" title="Wikipedia:Kutip sumber tulisan">butuh rujukan</a></i>]</span></sup> </p><p>Isotop helium yang berumur paling pendek adalah helium-10 dengan waktu paruh <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7002260000000000000♠"></span>260(40)</span> <a href="/wiki/Yokto-" title="Yokto-">yoktodetik</a>. Helium-6 meluruh dengan memancarkan <a href="/wiki/Partikel_beta" class="mw-redirect" title="Partikel beta">partikel beta</a> dan memiliki waktu paruh <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7002806920000000000♠"></span>806,92(24)</span> <a href="/wiki/Mili-" title="Mili-">milidetik</a>. Isotop helium berat yang paling banyak dipelajari adalah helium-8. Isotop ini, serta helium-6, diperkirakan terdiri dari inti helium-4 normal yang dikelilingi oleh "halo" neutron (mengandung dua neutron dalam <sup>6</sup>He dan empat neutron dalam <sup>8</sup>He). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Inti_halo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Inti halo (halaman belum tersedia)">Inti halo</a> telah menjadi area penelitian yang intens. Isotop hingga helium-10, dengan dua proton dan delapan neutron, telah dikonfirmasi. <sup>10</sup>He, meskipun merupakan isotop <a href="/wiki/Bilangan_ajaib_(fisika_nuklir)#Ajaib_ganda" title="Bilangan ajaib (fisika nuklir)">ajaib ganda</a>, memiliki waktu paruh yang sangat pendek; ia tidak terikat partikel dan hampir seketika <a href="/wiki/Garis_tetesan_nuklir" title="Garis tetesan nuklir">meneteskan dua neutron</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hampel1968_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hampel1968-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pranala_luar">Pranala luar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isotop_helium&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Sunting bagian: Pranala luar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isotop_helium&action=edit&section=6" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pranala luar"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191222181359/https://tunl.duke.edu/nucldata/General_Tables/General_Tables.shtml">Tabel Umum</a> — abstrak untuk helium dan inti ringan eksotik lainnya </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referensi">Referensi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isotop_helium&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Sunting bagian: Referensi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isotop_helium&action=edit&section=7" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Referensi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18833634">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-CIAAW2016-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CIAAW2016_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Meija, J.; et al. 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Chem.</a></i> <b>88</b> (3): 265–91. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2Fpac-2015-0305">10.1515/pac-2015-0305</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pure+Appl.+Chem.&rft.atitle=Atomic+weights+of+the+elements+2013+%28IUPAC+Technical+Report%29&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=265-91&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1515%2Fpac-2015-0305&rft.aulast=Meija&rft.aufirst=J.&rft.au=Coplen%2C+T.+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.degruyter.com%2Fdownloadpdf%2Fj%2Fpac.2016.88.issue-3%2Fpac-2015-0305%2Fpac-2015-0305.xml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIsotop+helium" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/helium-3">"helium-3 | chemical isotope | Britannica"</a>. <i>www.britannica.com</i> (dalam bahasa Inggris)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">1 Juli</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.britannica.com&rft.atitle=helium-3+%7C+chemical+isotope+%7C+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fscience%2Fhelium-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIsotop+helium" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Sano, Yuji; Wakita, Hiroshi; Sheng, Xu (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/geochemj1966/22/4/22_4_177/_article">"Atmospheric helium isotope ratio"</a>. <i>Geochemical Journal</i>. <b>22</b> (4): 177–181. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2343%2Fgeochemj.22.177">10.2343/geochemj.22.177</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geochemical+Journal&rft.atitle=Atmospheric+helium+isotope+ratio&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=177-181&rft.date=1988&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2343%2Fgeochemj.22.177&rft.aulast=Sano&rft.aufirst=Yuji&rft.au=Wakita%2C+Hiroshi&rft.au=Sheng%2C+Xu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstage.jst.go.jp%2Farticle%2Fgeochemj1966%2F22%2F4%2F22_4_177%2F_article&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIsotop+helium" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Busemann, H.; Bühler, F.; Grimberg, A.; Heber, V. S.; Agafonov, Y. N.; Baur, H.; Bochsler, P.; Eismont, N. A.; Wieler, R.; Zastenker, G. N. (2006-03-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/499223/meta">"Interstellar Helium Trapped with the COLLISA Experiment on the MiR Space Station—Improved Isotope Analysis by In Vacuo Etching"</a>. <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i> (dalam bahasa Inggris). <b>639</b> (1): 246. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F499223">10.1086/499223</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0004-637X">0004-637X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Astrophysical+Journal&rft.atitle=Interstellar+Helium+Trapped+with+the+COLLISA+Experiment+on+the+MiR+Space+Station%E2%80%94Improved+Isotope+Analysis+by+In+Vacuo+Etching&rft.volume=639&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=246&rft.date=2006-03-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F499223&rft.issn=0004-637X&rft.aulast=Busemann&rft.aufirst=H.&rft.au=B%C3%BChler%2C+F.&rft.au=Grimberg%2C+A.&rft.au=Heber%2C+V.+S.&rft.au=Agafonov%2C+Y.+N.&rft.au=Baur%2C+H.&rft.au=Bochsler%2C+P.&rft.au=Eismont%2C+N.+A.&rft.au=Wieler%2C+R.&rft.au=Zastenker%2C+G.+N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fiopscience.iop.org%2Farticle%2F10.1086%2F499223%2Fmeta&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIsotop+helium" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-heliumfundamentals-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-heliumfundamentals_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-heliumfundamentals_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mantleplumes.org/HeliumFundamentals.html">"Helium Fundamentals"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Helium+Fundamentals&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mantleplumes.org%2FHeliumFundamentals.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIsotop+helium" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <cite class="citation book"><i>The Encyclopedia of the Chemical Elements</i>. hlm. 264.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+the+Chemical+Elements&rft.pages=264&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIsotop+helium" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Waktu paruh, mode peluruhan, spin nuklir, dan komposisi isotop bersumber dari:<br /><cite class="citation journal">Kondev, F.G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W.J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www-nds.iaea.org/amdc/ame2020/NUBASE2020.pdf">"The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i>Chinese Physics C</i>. <b>45</b> (3): 030001. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1088%2F1674-1137%2Fabddae">10.1088/1674-1137/abddae</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chinese+Physics+C&rft.atitle=The+NUBASE2020+evaluation+of+nuclear+properties&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=030001&rft.date=2021&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1088%2F1674-1137%2Fabddae&rft.aulast=Kondev&rft.aufirst=F.G.&rft.au=Wang%2C+M.&rft.au=Huang%2C+W.J.&rft.au=Naimi%2C+S.&rft.au=Audi%2C+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww-nds.iaea.org%2Famdc%2Fame2020%2FNUBASE2020.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIsotop+helium" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Wang, Meng; Huang, W.J.; Kondev, F.G.; Audi, G.; Naimi, S. (2021). "The AME 2020 atomic mass evaluation (II). Tables, graphs and references*". <i>Chinese Physics C</i>. <b>45</b> (3): 030003. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1088%2F1674-1137%2Fabddaf">10.1088/1674-1137/abddaf</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chinese+Physics+C&rft.atitle=The+AME+2020+atomic+mass+evaluation+%28II%29.+Tables%2C+graphs+and+references%2A&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=030003&rft.date=2021&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1088%2F1674-1137%2Fabddaf&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=Meng&rft.au=Huang%2C+W.J.&rft.au=Kondev%2C+F.G.&rft.au=Audi%2C+G.&rft.au=Naimi%2C+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIsotop+helium" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schewe-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Schewe_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schewe_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Schewe, Phil (29 Mei 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081014143925/http://www.aip.org/pnu/2008/split/865-2.html">"New Form of Artificial Radioactivity"</a>. <i>Physics News Update</i> (865 #2). Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aip.org/pnu/2008/split/865-2.html">versi asli</a> tanggal 14 Oktober 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physics+News+Update&rft.atitle=New+Form+of+Artificial+Radioactivity&rft.issue=865+%232&rft.date=2008-05-29&rft.aulast=Schewe&rft.aufirst=Phil&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aip.org%2Fpnu%2F2008%2Fsplit%2F865-2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIsotop+helium" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Atomic_Weight_of_Helium-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Atomic_Weight_of_Helium_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Atomic_Weight_of_Helium_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Atomic_Weight_of_Helium_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Atomic_Weight_of_Helium_18-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ciaaw.org/helium.htm">"Atomic Weight of Helium"</a>. <i>CIAAW</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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.hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Isotop_unsur_kimia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#d8d8d8;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18590415"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Indeks_isotop" title="Templat:Indeks isotop"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembicaraan_Templat:Indeks_isotop&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Indeks isotop (halaman belum tersedia)"><abbr title="Diskusikan templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Indeks_isotop&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Isotop_unsur_kimia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Isotop" title="Isotop">Isotop</a> <a href="/wiki/Unsur_kimia" title="Unsur kimia">unsur kimia</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;line-height:110%;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <table style="width:100%;" cellpadding="2px"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:5.555em; background:#e7ff8f">1<br /><a href="/wiki/Isotop_hidrogen" title="Isotop hidrogen">H</a> </td> <td style="width:5.555em"> </td> <td style="width:5.555em"> </td> <td style="width:2em"> </td> <td style="width:5.555em"> </td> <td style="width:5.555em"> </td> <td style="width:5.555em"> </td> <td style="width:5.555em"> </td> <td style="width:5.555em"> </td> <td style="width:5.555em"> </td> <td style="width:5.555em"> </td> <td style="width:5.555em"> </td> <td style="width:5.555em"> </td> <td style="width:5.555em"> </td> <td style="width:5.555em"> </td> <td style="width:5.555em"> </td> <td style="width:5.555em"> </td> <td style="width:5.555em"> </td> <td style="width:5.555em; background:#c0ffff">2<br /><a class="mw-selflink selflink">He</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#ff6666">3<br /><a href="/wiki/Isotop_litium" title="Isotop litium">Li</a> </td> <td style="background:#ffdead">4<br /><a href="/wiki/Isotop_berilium" title="Isotop berilium">Be</a> </td> <td colspan="11"> </td> <td style="background:#cccc99">5<br /><a href="/wiki/Isotop_boron" title="Isotop boron">B</a> </td> <td style="background:#a1ffc3">6<br /><a href="/wiki/Isotop_karbon" title="Isotop karbon">C</a> </td> <td style="background:#e7ff8f">7<br /><a href="/wiki/Isotop_nitrogen" title="Isotop nitrogen">N</a> </td> <td style="background:#e7ff8f">8<br /><a href="/wiki/Isotop_oksigen" title="Isotop oksigen">O</a> </td> <td style="background:#e7ff8f">9<br /><a href="/wiki/Isotop_fluorin" title="Isotop fluorin">F</a> </td> <td style="background:#c0ffff">10<br /><a href="/wiki/Isotop_neon" title="Isotop neon">Ne</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#ff6666">11<br /><a href="/wiki/Isotop_natrium" title="Isotop natrium">Na</a> </td> <td style="background:#ffdead">12<br /><a href="/wiki/Isotop_magnesium" title="Isotop magnesium">Mg</a> </td> <td colspan="11"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc">13<br /><a href="/wiki/Isotop_aluminium" title="Isotop aluminium">Al</a> </td> <td style="background:#cccc99">14<br /><a href="/wiki/Isotop_silikon" title="Isotop silikon">Si</a> </td> <td style="background:#a1ffc3">15<br /><a href="/wiki/Isotop_fosforus" title="Isotop fosforus">P</a> </td> <td style="background:#a1ffc3">16<br /><a href="/wiki/Isotop_belerang" title="Isotop belerang">S</a> </td> <td style="background:#e7ff8f">17<br /><a href="/wiki/Isotop_klorin" title="Isotop klorin">Cl</a> </td> <td style="background:#c0ffff">18<br /><a href="/wiki/Isotop_argon" title="Isotop argon">Ar</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#ff6666">19<br /><a href="/wiki/Isotop_kalium" title="Isotop kalium">K</a> </td> <td style="background:#ffdead">20<br /><a href="/wiki/Isotop_kalsium" title="Isotop kalsium">Ca</a> </td> <td style="background:#ffc0c0">21<br /><a href="/wiki/Isotop_skandium" title="Isotop skandium">Sc</a> </td> <td> </td> <td style="background:#ffc0c0">22<br /><a href="/wiki/Isotop_titanium" title="Isotop titanium">Ti</a> </td> <td style="background:#ffc0c0">23<br /><a href="/wiki/Isotop_vanadium" title="Isotop vanadium">V</a> </td> <td style="background:#ffc0c0">24<br /><a href="/wiki/Isotop_kromium" title="Isotop kromium">Cr</a> </td> <td style="background:#ffc0c0">25<br /><a href="/wiki/Isotop_mangan" title="Isotop mangan">Mn</a> </td> <td style="background:#ffc0c0">26<br /><a href="/wiki/Isotop_besi" title="Isotop besi">Fe</a> </td> <td style="background:#ffc0c0">27<br /><a href="/wiki/Isotop_kobalt" title="Isotop kobalt">Co</a> </td> <td style="background:#ffc0c0">28<br /><a href="/wiki/Isotop_nikel" title="Isotop nikel">Ni</a> </td> <td style="background:#ffc0c0">29<br /><a href="/wiki/Isotop_tembaga" title="Isotop tembaga">Cu</a> </td> <td style="background:#ffc0c0">30<br /><a href="/wiki/Isotop_seng" title="Isotop seng">Zn</a> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc">31<br /><a href="/wiki/Isotop_galium" title="Isotop galium">Ga</a> </td> <td style="background:#cccc99">32<br /><a href="/wiki/Isotop_germanium" title="Isotop germanium">Ge</a> </td> <td style="background:#cccc99">33<br /><a href="/wiki/Isotop_arsen" title="Isotop arsen">As</a> </td> <td style="background:#a1ffc3">34<br /><a href="/wiki/Isotop_selenium" title="Isotop selenium">Se</a> </td> <td style="background:#e7ff8f">35<br /><a href="/wiki/Isotop_bromin" title="Isotop bromin">Br</a> </td> <td style="background:#c0ffff">36<br /><a href="/wiki/Isotop_kripton" title="Isotop kripton">Kr</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#ff6666">37<br /><a href="/wiki/Isotop_rubidium" title="Isotop rubidium">Rb</a> </td> <td style="background:#ffdead">38<br /><a href="/wiki/Isotop_stronsium" title="Isotop stronsium">Sr</a> </td> <td style="background:#ffc0c0">39<br /><a href="/wiki/Isotop_itrium" title="Isotop itrium">Y</a> </td> <td> </td> <td style="background:#ffc0c0">40<br /><a href="/wiki/Isotop_zirkonium" title="Isotop zirkonium">Zr</a> </td> <td style="background:#ffc0c0">41<br /><a href="/wiki/Isotop_niobium" title="Isotop niobium">Nb</a> </td> <td style="background:#ffc0c0">42<br /><a href="/wiki/Isotop_molibdenum" title="Isotop molibdenum">Mo</a> </td> <td style="background:#ffc0c0">43<br /><a href="/wiki/Isotop_teknesium" title="Isotop teknesium">Tc</a> </td> <td style="background:#ffc0c0">44<br /><a href="/wiki/Isotop_rutenium" title="Isotop rutenium">Ru</a> </td> <td style="background:#ffc0c0">45<br /><a href="/wiki/Isotop_rodium" title="Isotop rodium">Rh</a> </td> <td style="background:#ffc0c0">46<br /><a href="/wiki/Isotop_paladium" title="Isotop paladium">Pd</a> </td> <td style="background:#ffc0c0">47<br /><a href="/wiki/Isotop_perak" title="Isotop perak">Ag</a> </td> <td style="background:#ffc0c0">48<br /><a href="/wiki/Isotop_kadmium" title="Isotop kadmium">Cd</a> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc">49<br /><a href="/wiki/Isotop_indium" title="Isotop indium">In</a> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc">50<br /><a href="/wiki/Isotop_timah" title="Isotop timah">Sn</a> </td> <td style="background:#cccc99">51<br /><a href="/wiki/Isotop_antimon" title="Isotop antimon">Sb</a> </td> <td style="background:#cccc99">52<br /><a href="/wiki/Isotop_telurium" title="Isotop telurium">Te</a> </td> <td style="background:#e7ff8f">53<br /><a href="/wiki/Isotop_iodin" title="Isotop iodin">I</a> </td> <td style="background:#c0ffff">54<br /><a href="/wiki/Isotop_xenon" title="Isotop xenon">Xe</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#ff6666">55<br /><a href="/wiki/Isotop_sesium" title="Isotop sesium">Cs</a> </td> <td style="background:#ffdead">56<br /><a href="/wiki/Isotop_barium" title="Isotop barium">Ba</a> </td> <td style="background:#ffbfff">57<br /><a href="/wiki/Isotop_lantanum" title="Isotop lantanum">La</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="1 asterisk" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Asterisks_one.svg/16px-Asterisks_one.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Asterisks_one.svg/24px-Asterisks_one.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Asterisks_one.svg/32px-Asterisks_one.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="106" data-file-height="98" /></span></span> </td> <td style="background:#ffc0c0">72<br /><a href="/wiki/Isotop_hafnium" title="Isotop hafnium">Hf</a> </td> <td style="background:#ffc0c0">73<br /><a href="/wiki/Isotop_tantalum" title="Isotop tantalum">Ta</a> </td> <td style="background:#ffc0c0">74<br /><a href="/wiki/Isotop_wolfram" title="Isotop wolfram">W</a> </td> <td style="background:#ffc0c0">75<br /><a href="/wiki/Isotop_renium" title="Isotop renium">Re</a> </td> <td style="background:#ffc0c0">76<br /><a href="/wiki/Isotop_osmium" title="Isotop osmium">Os</a> </td> <td style="background:#ffc0c0">77<br /><a href="/wiki/Isotop_iridium" title="Isotop iridium">Ir</a> </td> <td style="background:#ffc0c0">78<br /><a href="/wiki/Isotop_platina" title="Isotop platina">Pt</a> </td> <td style="background:#ffc0c0">79<br /><a href="/wiki/Isotop_emas" title="Isotop emas">Au</a> </td> <td style="background:#ffc0c0">80<br /><a href="/wiki/Isotop_raksa" title="Isotop raksa">Hg</a> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc">81<br /><a href="/wiki/Isotop_talium" title="Isotop talium">Tl</a> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc">82<br /><a href="/wiki/Isotop_timbal" title="Isotop timbal">Pb</a> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc">83<br /><a href="/wiki/Isotop_bismut" title="Isotop bismut">Bi</a> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc">84<br /><a href="/wiki/Isotop_polonium" title="Isotop polonium">Po</a> </td> <td style="background:#cccc99">85<br /><a href="/wiki/Isotop_astatin" title="Isotop astatin">At</a> </td> <td style="background:#c0ffff">86<br /><a href="/wiki/Isotop_radon" title="Isotop radon">Rn</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#ff6666">87<br /><a href="/wiki/Isotop_fransium" title="Isotop fransium">Fr</a> </td> <td style="background:#ffdead">88<br /><a href="/wiki/Isotop_radium" title="Isotop radium">Ra</a> </td> <td style="background:#ff99cc">89<br /><a href="/wiki/Isotop_aktinium" title="Isotop aktinium">Ac</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="1 asterisk" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Asterisks_2_%28vertical%29.svg/16px-Asterisks_2_%28vertical%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Asterisks_2_%28vertical%29.svg/24px-Asterisks_2_%28vertical%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Asterisks_2_%28vertical%29.svg/32px-Asterisks_2_%28vertical%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="106" data-file-height="98" /></span></span> </td> <td style="background:#ffc0c0">104<br /><a href="/wiki/Isotop_ruterfordium" title="Isotop ruterfordium">Rf</a> </td> <td style="background:#ffc0c0">105<br /><a href="/wiki/Isotop_dubnium" title="Isotop dubnium">Db</a> </td> <td style="background:#ffc0c0">106<br /><a href="/wiki/Isotop_seaborgium" title="Isotop seaborgium">Sg</a> </td> <td style="background:#ffc0c0">107<br /><a href="/wiki/Isotop_bohrium" title="Isotop bohrium">Bh</a> </td> <td style="background:#ffc0c0">108<br /><a href="/wiki/Isotop_hasium" title="Isotop hasium">Hs</a> </td> <td style="background:#e8e8e8">109<br /><a href="/wiki/Isotop_meitnerium" title="Isotop meitnerium">Mt</a> </td> <td style="background:#e8e8e8">110<br /><a href="/wiki/Isotop_darmstadtium" title="Isotop darmstadtium">Ds</a> </td> <td style="background:#e8e8e8">111<br /><a href="/wiki/Isotop_roentgenium" title="Isotop roentgenium">Rg</a> </td> <td style="background:#ffc0c0">112<br /><a href="/wiki/Isotop_kopernisium" title="Isotop kopernisium">Cn</a> </td> <td style="background:#e8e8e8">113<br /><a href="/wiki/Isotop_nihonium" title="Isotop nihonium">Nh</a> </td> <td style="background:#e8e8e8">114<br /><a href="/wiki/Isotop_flerovium" title="Isotop flerovium">Fl</a> </td> <td style="background:#e8e8e8">115<br /><a href="/wiki/Isotop_moskovium" title="Isotop moskovium">Mc</a> </td> <td style="background:#e8e8e8">116<br /><a href="/wiki/Isotop_livermorium" title="Isotop livermorium">Lv</a> </td> <td style="background:#e8e8e8">117<br /><a href="/wiki/Isotop_tenesin" title="Isotop tenesin">Ts</a> </td> <td style="background:#e8e8e8">118<br /><a href="/wiki/Isotop_oganeson" title="Isotop oganeson">Og</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td style="text-align:right; padding-right:0.5em;; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="1 asterisk" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Asterisks_one.svg/16px-Asterisks_one.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Asterisks_one.svg/24px-Asterisks_one.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Asterisks_one.svg/32px-Asterisks_one.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="106" data-file-height="98" /></span></span> </td> <td style="background:#ffbfff">58<br /><a href="/wiki/Isotop_serium" title="Isotop serium">Ce</a> </td> <td style="background:#ffbfff">59<br /><a href="/wiki/Isotop_praseodimium" title="Isotop praseodimium">Pr</a> </td> <td style="background:#ffbfff">60<br /><a href="/wiki/Isotop_neodimium" title="Isotop neodimium">Nd</a> </td> <td style="background:#ffbfff">61<br /><a href="/wiki/Isotop_prometium" title="Isotop prometium">Pm</a> </td> <td style="background:#ffbfff">62<br /><a href="/wiki/Isotop_samarium" title="Isotop samarium">Sm</a> </td> <td style="background:#ffbfff">63<br /><a href="/wiki/Isotop_europium" title="Isotop europium">Eu</a> </td> <td style="background:#ffbfff">64<br /><a href="/wiki/Isotop_gadolinium" title="Isotop gadolinium">Gd</a> </td> <td style="background:#ffbfff">65<br /><a href="/wiki/Isotop_terbium" title="Isotop terbium">Tb</a> </td> <td style="background:#ffbfff">66<br /><a href="/wiki/Isotop_disprosium" title="Isotop disprosium">Dy</a> </td> <td style="background:#ffbfff">67<br /><a href="/wiki/Isotop_holmium" title="Isotop holmium">Ho</a> </td> <td style="background:#ffbfff">68<br /><a href="/wiki/Isotop_erbium" title="Isotop erbium">Er</a> </td> <td style="background:#ffbfff">69<br /><a href="/wiki/Isotop_tulium" title="Isotop tulium">Tm</a> </td> <td style="background:#ffbfff">70<br /><a href="/wiki/Isotop_iterbium" title="Isotop iterbium">Yb</a> </td> <td style="background:#ffbfff">71<br /><a href="/wiki/Isotop_lutesium" title="Isotop lutesium">Lu</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td style="text-align:right; padding-right:0.5em;; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="1 asterisk" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Asterisks_2_%28vertical%29.svg/16px-Asterisks_2_%28vertical%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Asterisks_2_%28vertical%29.svg/24px-Asterisks_2_%28vertical%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Asterisks_2_%28vertical%29.svg/32px-Asterisks_2_%28vertical%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="106" data-file-height="98" /></span></span> </td> <td style="background:#ff99cc">90<br /><a href="/wiki/Isotop_torium" title="Isotop torium">Th</a> </td> <td style="background:#ff99cc">91<br /><a href="/wiki/Isotop_protaktinium" title="Isotop protaktinium">Pa</a> </td> <td style="background:#ff99cc">92<br /><a href="/wiki/Isotop_uranium" title="Isotop uranium">U</a> </td> <td style="background:#ff99cc">93<br /><a href="/wiki/Isotop_neptunium" title="Isotop neptunium">Np</a> </td> <td style="background:#ff99cc">94<br /><a href="/wiki/Isotop_plutonium" title="Isotop plutonium">Pu</a> </td> <td style="background:#ff99cc">95<br /><a href="/wiki/Isotop_amerisium" title="Isotop amerisium">Am</a> </td> <td style="background:#ff99cc">96<br /><a href="/wiki/Isotop_kurium" title="Isotop kurium">Cm</a> </td> <td style="background:#ff99cc">97<br /><a href="/wiki/Isotop_berkelium" title="Isotop berkelium">Bk</a> </td> <td style="background:#ff99cc">98<br /><a href="/wiki/Isotop_kalifornium" title="Isotop kalifornium">Cf</a> </td> <td style="background:#ff99cc">99<br /><a href="/wiki/Isotop_einsteinium" title="Isotop einsteinium">Es</a> </td> <td style="background:#ff99cc">100<br /><a href="/wiki/Isotop_fermium" title="Isotop fermium">Fm</a> </td> <td style="background:#ff99cc">101<br /><a href="/wiki/Isotop_mendelevium" title="Isotop mendelevium">Md</a> </td> <td style="background:#ff99cc">102<br /><a href="/wiki/Isotop_nobelium" title="Isotop nobelium">No</a> </td> <td style="background:#ff99cc">103<br /><a href="/wiki/Isotop_lawrensium" title="Isotop lawrensium">Lr</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" 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