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</li> <li id="toc-Bush_administration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bush_administration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Bush administration </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bush_administration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Texas_Solicitor_General" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Texas_Solicitor_General"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Texas Solicitor General </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Texas_Solicitor_General-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Return_to_private_practice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Return_to_private_practice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 Return to private practice </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Return_to_private_practice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-U.S._Senate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#U.S._Senate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 U.S. Senate </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-U.S._Senate-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle U.S. Senate subsection </button> <ul id="toc-U.S._Senate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Elections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Elections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Elections </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Elections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2012" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2012"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1.1 2012 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2012-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2018" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2018"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1.2 2018 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2018-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2024" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2024"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1.3 2024 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2024-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legislation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legislation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Legislation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legislation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government_shutdown_of_2013" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government_shutdown_of_2013"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Government shutdown of 2013 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Government_shutdown_of_2013-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-S._2195" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#S._2195"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 S. 2195 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-S._2195-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Committee_assignments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Committee_assignments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 Committee assignments </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Committee_assignments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Current" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Current"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5.1 Current </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Current-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Previous" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Previous"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5.2 Previous </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Previous-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Comments_on_President_Obama" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Comments_on_President_Obama"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.6 Comments on President Obama </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Comments_on_President_Obama-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relationship_with_Donald_Trump" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relationship_with_Donald_Trump"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.7 Relationship with Donald Trump </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relationship_with_Donald_Trump-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Friction_with_fellow_Republican_members_of_Congress" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Friction_with_fellow_Republican_members_of_Congress"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.8 Friction with fellow Republican members of Congress </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Friction_with_fellow_Republican_members_of_Congress-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-U.S._Supreme_Court" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#U.S._Supreme_Court"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.9 U.S. Supreme Court </div> </a> <ul id="toc-U.S._Supreme_Court-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2020_presidential_election" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2020_presidential_election"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.10 2020 presidential election </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2020_presidential_election-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Electoral_College_vote_count_and_storming_of_the_United_States_Capitol" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electoral_College_vote_count_and_storming_of_the_United_States_Capitol"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.11 Electoral College vote count and storming of the United States Capitol </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Electoral_College_vote_count_and_storming_of_the_United_States_Capitol-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cancún_controversy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cancún_controversy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.12 Cancún controversy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cancún_controversy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2016_presidential_campaign" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2016_presidential_campaign"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 2016 presidential campaign </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-2016_presidential_campaign-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle 2016 presidential campaign subsection </button> <ul id="toc-2016_presidential_campaign-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Primary_wins" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Primary_wins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Primary wins </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Primary_wins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citizenship" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citizenship"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Citizenship </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citizenship-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-After_candidacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#After_candidacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 After candidacy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-After_candidacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_positions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_positions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Political positions </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Political_positions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Political positions subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Political_positions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Communism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Communism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Communism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Communism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Crime,_guns,_and_drug_policy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crime,_guns,_and_drug_policy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Crime, guns, and drug policy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Crime,_guns,_and_drug_policy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Economy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 Education </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Energy_and_environment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Energy_and_environment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.5 Energy and environment </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Energy_and_environment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Federal_Reserve" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Federal_Reserve"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.6 Federal Reserve </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Federal_Reserve-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign_affairs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_affairs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.7 Foreign affairs </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_affairs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hate_crimes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hate_crimes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.8 Hate crimes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hate_crimes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Health_care" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health_care"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.9 Health care </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Health_care-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hurricane_aid" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hurricane_aid"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.10 Hurricane aid </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hurricane_aid-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Immigration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Immigration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.11 Immigration </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Immigration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Judiciary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Judiciary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.12 Judiciary </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Judiciary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.13 Military </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Net_neutrality" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Net_neutrality"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.14 Net neutrality </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Net_neutrality-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Outsourcing_of_jobs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Outsourcing_of_jobs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.15 Outsourcing of jobs </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Outsourcing_of_jobs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Social_issues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Social_issues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.16 Social issues </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Social_issues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Podcast" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Podcast"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Podcast </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Podcast-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Books" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Books"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Books </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Books-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Personal life </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Electoral_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electoral_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Electoral history </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Electoral_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Ted Cruz</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 56 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-56" aria-hidden="true" > 56 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ted_Cruz" title="Ted Cruz – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Ted Cruz" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2" title="تيد كروز – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تيد كروز" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ted_Kruz" title="Ted Kruz – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ted Kruz" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%AF_%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2" title="تد کروز – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="تد کروز" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ted_Cruz" title="Ted Cruz – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Ted Cruz" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8D%D0%B4_%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B7" title="Тэд Круз – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Тэд Круз" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%B4_%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81" title="Тед Крус – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Тед Крус" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ted_Cruz" title="Ted Cruz – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ted Cruz" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ted_Cruz" title="Ted Cruz – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ted Cruz" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ted_Cruz" title="Ted Cruz – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ted Cruz" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ted_Cruz" title="Ted Cruz – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ted Cruz" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ted_Cruz" title="Ted Cruz – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ted Cruz" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%B5%CE%BD%CF%84_%CE%9A%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B6" title="Τεντ Κρουζ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τεντ Κρουζ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ted_Cruz" title="Ted Cruz – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ted Cruz" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ted_Cruz" title="Ted Cruz – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ted Cruz" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%AF_%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2" title="تد کروز – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تد کروز" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ted_Cruz" title="Ted Cruz – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ted Cruz" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ted_Cruz" title="Ted Cruz – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Ted Cruz" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ted_Cruz" title="Ted Cruz – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Ted Cruz" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%85%8C%EB%93%9C_%ED%81%AC%EB%A3%A8%EC%A6%88" title="테드 크루즈 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="테드 크루즈" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B9%D5%A5%D5%A4_%D5%94%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A6" title="Թեդ Քրուզ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Թեդ Քրուզ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ted_Cruz" title="Ted Cruz – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Ted Cruz" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ted_Cruz" title="Ted Cruz – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ted Cruz" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ted_Cruz" title="Ted Cruz – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ted Cruz" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%93_%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%96" title="טד קרוז – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="טד קרוז" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%93_%E1%83%99%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%96%E1%83%98" title="ტედ კრუზი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ტედ კრუზი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teds_Kruss" title="Teds Kruss – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Teds Kruss" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ted_Cruz" title="Ted Cruz – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Ted Cruz" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ted_Cruz" title="Ted Cruz – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Ted Cruz" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ted_Cruz" title="Ted Cruz – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ted Cruz" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9D" title="टेड क्रुझ – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="टेड क्रुझ" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2" title="تيد كروز – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="تيد كروز" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ted_Cruz" title="Ted Cruz – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Ted Cruz" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ted_Cruz" title="Ted Cruz – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ted Cruz" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%86%E3%83%83%E3%83%89%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BA" title="テッド・クルーズ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="テッド・クルーズ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ted_Cruz" title="Ted Cruz – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ted Cruz" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ted_Cruz" title="Ted Cruz – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Ted Cruz" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target">Novial</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ted_Cruz" title="Ted Cruz – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ted Cruz" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ted_Cruz" title="Ted Cruz – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ted Cruz" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ted_Cruz" title="Ted Cruz – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ted Cruz" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B7,_%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%B4" title="Круз, Тед – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Круз, Тед" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ted_Cruz" title="Ted Cruz – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Ted Cruz" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ted_Cruz" title="Ted Cruz – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Ted Cruz" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ted_Cruz" title="Ted Cruz – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Ted Cruz" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ted_Cruz" title="Ted Cruz – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ted Cruz" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%8E%D8%AF_%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2" title="تێد کروز – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="تێد کروز" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%B4_%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B7" title="Тед Круз – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Тед Круз" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ted_Cruz" title="Ted Cruz – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ted Cruz" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ted_Cruz" title="Ted Cruz – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ted Cruz" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ted_Cruz" title="Ted Cruz – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ted Cruz" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ted_Cruz" title="Ted Cruz – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ted Cruz" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%B4_%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B7" title="Тед Круз – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Тед Круз" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ted_Cruz" title="Ted Cruz – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ted Cruz" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%A2%D7%93_%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%96" title="טעד קרוז – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="טעד קרוז" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teds_Kr%C5%ABzos" title="Teds Krūzos – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Teds Krūzos" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" 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.hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Senator Cruz" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Senator_Cruz_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Senator Cruz (disambiguation)">Senator Cruz (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Ted Cruz</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Ted_Cruz_official_116th_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Ted_Cruz_official_116th_portrait.jpg/220px-Ted_Cruz_official_116th_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="279" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Ted_Cruz_official_116th_portrait.jpg/330px-Ted_Cruz_official_116th_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Ted_Cruz_official_116th_portrait.jpg/440px-Ted_Cruz_official_116th_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2700" data-file-height="3420" /></a><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Official portrait, 2019</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senator</a> from <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><div class="skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="width:100%; margin:0; color: black; background-color: lavender"><a href="/wiki/Incumbent" title="Incumbent">Incumbent</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">Assumed office January 3, 2013<div style="line-height:normal; padding-top:0.2em; padding-bottom:0.1em">Serving with <a href="/wiki/John_Cornyn" title="John Cornyn">John Cornyn</a></div></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kay_Bailey_Hutchison" title="Kay Bailey Hutchison">Kay Bailey Hutchison</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Ranking Member of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Commerce,_Science_and_Transportation" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation">Senate Commerce Committee</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><div class="skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="width:100%; margin:0; color: black; background-color: lavender"><a href="/wiki/Incumbent" title="Incumbent">Incumbent</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">Assumed office January 3, 2023</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Roger_Wicker" title="Roger Wicker">Roger Wicker</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">3rd <a href="/wiki/Solicitor_General_of_Texas" title="Solicitor General of Texas">Solicitor General of Texas</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office January 9, 2003 – May 12, 2008</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Appointed by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Greg_Abbott" title="Greg Abbott">Greg Abbott</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data">Julie Parsley</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/James_C._Ho" title="James C. Ho">James C. Ho</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Rafael Edward Cruz</div> (1970-12-22) December 22, 1970 (age 53) <a href="/wiki/Calgary" title="Calgary">Calgary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alberta" title="Alberta">Alberta</a>, Canada</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Citizenship</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>United States</li><li>Canada (1970–2014)<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Heidi_Cruz" title="Heidi Cruz">Heidi Nelson</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 2001)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">2</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parent(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rafael_Cruz" title="Rafael Cruz">Rafael Cruz</a> Eleanor Elizabeth Darragh</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">BA</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a> (<a href="/wiki/Juris_Doctor" title="Juris Doctor">JD</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Politician</li><li>attorney</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Tedcruzsig.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ted Cruz's signature"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Tedcruzsig.svg/128px-Tedcruzsig.svg.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Tedcruzsig.svg/192px-Tedcruzsig.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Tedcruzsig.svg/256px-Tedcruzsig.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="167" data-file-height="65" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cruz.senate.gov">Senate office</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096940132">.mw-parser-output .listen .side-box-text{line-height:1.1em}.mw-parser-output .listen-plain{border:none;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded{width:100%;margin:0;border-width:1px 0 0 0;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-header{padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded .listen-header{padding:2px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen-file-header{padding:4px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen .description{padding-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen .mw-tmh-player{max-width:100%}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .listen{clear:both}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .listen:not(.listen-noimage){width:320px}.mw-parser-output .listen-left{overflow:visible;float:left}.mw-parser-output .listen-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-left listen noprint listen-embedded listen-noimage listen-center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Ted_Cruz_commemorates_Juneteenth.ogg" title="File:Ted Cruz commemorates Juneteenth.ogg">Ted Cruz's voice</a></div> <div><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="215" style="width:215px;" data-durationhint="240" data-mwtitle="Ted_Cruz_commemorates_Juneteenth.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/79/Ted_Cruz_commemorates_Juneteenth.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/79/Ted_Cruz_commemorates_Juneteenth.ogg/Ted_Cruz_commemorates_Juneteenth.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></div> <div class="description">Ted Cruz commemorates <a href="/wiki/Juneteenth" title="Juneteenth">Juneteenth</a> Recorded June 18, 2021</div></div></div></div> 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.sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="border: 4px double #B0161E; border-spacing:0.2em 0;color: var(--color-base, #000);"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">This article is part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Conservatism in the United States">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#B0161E; padding-top:0.25em; font-size:160%; font-weight:normal; color:white; line-height:1em"><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Conservatism in the United States">Conservatism in the United States</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg/90px-Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg/135px-Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg/180px-Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="451" data-file-height="476" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Schools</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Compassionate_conservatism" title="Compassionate conservatism">Compassionate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiscal_conservatism" title="Fiscal conservatism">Fiscal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fusionism" title="Fusionism">Fusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_conservatism#Relation_to_American_conservatism" title="Liberal conservatism">Liberal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_conservatism" title="Libertarian conservatism">Libertarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moderate_conservatism" title="Moderate conservatism">Moderate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movement_conservatism" title="Movement conservatism">Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoconservatism" title="Neoconservatism">Neo-</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleoconservatism" title="Paleoconservatism">Paleo-</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postliberalism" title="Postliberalism">Postliberal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right-wing_populism#United_States" title="Right-wing populism">Populist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_conservatism" title="Progressive conservatism">Progressive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Social conservatism in the United States">Social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straussianism" class="mw-redirect" title="Straussianism">Straussian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditionalist_conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Traditionalist conservatism in the United States">Traditionalist</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Principles</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_exceptionalism" title="American exceptionalism">American exceptionalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_nationalism" title="American nationalism">American nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-communism" title="Anti-communism">Anti-communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_nationalism#United_States" title="Christian nationalism">Christian nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_civil_religion" title="American civil religion">Civil religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_liberalism" title="Classical liberalism">Classical liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communitarianism" title="Communitarianism">Communitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutionalism_in_the_United_States" title="Constitutionalism in the United States">Constitutionalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_life" title="Culture of life">Culture of life</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_anti-abortion_movement" title="United States anti-abortion movement">Pro-life</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Familialism#United_States" title="Familialism">Familialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_values" title="Family values">Family values</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federalism_in_the_United_States" title="Federalism in the United States">Federalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/States%27_rights" title="States' rights">States' rights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_essentialism" title="Gender essentialism">Gender essentialism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Complementarianism" title="Complementarianism">Complementarianism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Christian_ethics" title="Judeo-Christian ethics">Judeo-Christian values</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Individualism" title="Individualism">Individualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_and_order_(politics)" title="Law and order (politics)">Law and order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limited_government" title="Limited government">Limited government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meritocracy" title="Meritocracy">Meritocracy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Natural_aristocracy" title="Natural aristocracy">Natural aristocracy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_militarism" title="United States militarism">Militarism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peace_through_strength" title="Peace through strength">Peace through strength</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moral_absolutism" title="Moral absolutism">Moral absolutism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_law" title="Natural law">Natural law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordered_liberty" title="Ordered liberty">Ordered liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Americanism_(ideology)" title="Americanism (ideology)">Patriotism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_property" title="Right to property">Property rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republicanism_in_the_United_States" title="Republicanism in the United States">Republicanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_keep_and_bear_arms_in_the_United_States" title="Right to keep and bear arms in the United States">Right to bear arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rule_of_law" title="Rule of law">Rule of law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supply-side_economics" title="Supply-side economics">Supply-side economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tradition" title="Tradition">Tradition</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">History</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Loyalist_(American_Revolution)" title="Loyalist (American Revolution)">Loyalists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solid_South" title="Solid South">Solid South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_humanism_(literature)" title="New humanism (literature)">New Humanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Agrarians" title="Southern Agrarians">Southern Agrarians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Right_(United_States)" title="Old Right (United States)">Old Right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Manifesto" title="Conservative Manifesto">Conservative Manifesto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_coalition" title="Conservative coalition">Conservative coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/America_First_Committee" title="America First Committee">America First Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McCarthyism" title="McCarthyism">McCarthyism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Goldwater_1964_presidential_campaign" title="Barry Goldwater 1964 presidential campaign">Goldwater campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Right#United_States" title="New Right">New Right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reagan_era" title="Reagan era">Reagan era</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reagan_Doctrine" title="Reagan Doctrine">Reagan Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reaganomics" title="Reaganomics">Reaganomics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoconservatism_and_paleoconservatism" title="Neoconservatism and paleoconservatism">Neo- vs. paleoconservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redeemers" title="Redeemers">Redeemers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Revolution" title="Republican Revolution">Republican Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_Party_movement" title="Tea Party movement">Tea Party movement</a></li> <li>Trump era <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="First presidency of Donald Trump">First term</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="Second presidency of Donald Trump">Second term</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Intellectuals</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Adams" title="Henry Adams">Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Anton" title="Michael Anton">Anton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irving_Babbitt" title="Irving Babbitt">Babbitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Bacevich" title="Andrew Bacevich">Bacevich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Bell" title="Daniel Bell">Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saul_Bellow" title="Saul Bellow">Bellow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_L._Berger" title="Peter L. Berger">Berger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allan_Bloom" title="Allan Bloom">Bloom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_J._Boorstin" title="Daniel J. Boorstin">Boorstin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_F._Buckley_Jr." title="William F. Buckley Jr.">Buckley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Burnham" title="James Burnham">Burnham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_C._Calhoun" title="John C. Calhoun">Calhoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Carl" title="Jeremy Carl">Carl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whittaker_Chambers" title="Whittaker Chambers">Chambers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Conquest" title="Robert Conquest">Conquest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Deneen" title="Patrick Deneen">Deneen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Eastman" title="Max Eastman">Eastman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._S._Eliot" title="T. S. Eliot">Eliot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Francis_(writer)" title="Sam Francis (writer)">Francis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Genovese" title="Eugene Genovese">Genovese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Gottfried" title="Paul Gottfried">Gottfried</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Davis_Hanson" title="Victor Davis Hanson">Hanson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoram_Hazony" title="Yoram Hazony">Hazony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gertrude_Himmelfarb" title="Gertrude Himmelfarb">Himmelfarb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans-Hermann_Hoppe" title="Hans-Hermann Hoppe">Hoppe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zora_Neale_Hurston" title="Zora Neale Hurston">Hurston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_V._Jaffa" title="Harry V. Jaffa">Jaffa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willmoore_Kendall" title="Willmoore Kendall">Kendall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Kimball" title="Roger Kimball">Kimball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_Kirk" title="Russell Kirk">Kirk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeane_Kirkpatrick" title="Jeane Kirkpatrick">Kirkpatrick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Kreeft" title="Peter Kreeft">Kreeft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irving_Kristol" title="Irving Kristol">Kristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erik_von_Kuehnelt-Leddihn" title="Erik von Kuehnelt-Leddihn">Kuehnelt-Leddihn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyle_H._Lanier" title="Lyle H. Lanier">Lanier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Lasch" title="Christopher Lasch">Lasch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Lind" title="Michael Lind">Lind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._P._Lovecraft" title="H. P. Lovecraft">Lovecraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenn_Loury" title="Glenn Loury">Loury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lukacs" title="John Lukacs">Lukacs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvey_Mansfield" title="Harvey Mansfield">Mansfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._L._Mencken" title="H. L. Mencken">Mencken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Meyer_(political_philosopher)" title="Frank Meyer (political philosopher)">Meyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Molnar" title="Thomas Molnar">Molnar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Murray_(political_scientist)" title="Charles Murray (political scientist)">Murray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Nisbet" title="Robert Nisbet">Nisbet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Crowe_Ransom" title="John Crowe Ransom">Ransom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Rieff" title="Philip Rieff">Rieff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Santayana" title="George Santayana">Santayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Schaeffer" title="Francis Schaeffer">Schaeffer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Sowell" title="Thomas Sowell">Sowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Strauss" title="Leo Strauss">Strauss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Viereck" title="Peter Viereck">Viereck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Voegelin" title="Eric Voegelin">Voegelin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Booker_T._Washington" title="Booker T. Washington">Washington (Booker)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_M._Weaver" title="Richard M. Weaver">Weaver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Weyl" title="Nathaniel Weyl">Weyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Wolfe" title="Tom Wolfe">Wolfe</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Politicians</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Adams" title="John Adams">Adams (John)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Quincy_Adams" title="John Quincy Adams">Adams (John Quincy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bolton" title="John Bolton">Bolton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Buchanan" title="James Buchanan">Buchanan (James)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Buchanan" title="Pat Buchanan">Buchanan (Pat)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">Bush (George H. W.)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">Bush (George W.)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_C._Calhoun" title="John C. Calhoun">Calhoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Cheney" title="Dick Cheney">Cheney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Clay" title="Henry Clay">Clay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grover_Cleveland" title="Grover Cleveland">Cleveland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge">Coolidge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Cotton" title="Tom Cotton">Cotton</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cruz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_DeSantis" title="Ron DeSantis">DeSantis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Everett_Dirksen" title="Everett Dirksen">Dirksen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newt_Gingrich" title="Newt Gingrich">Gingrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Goldwater" title="Barry Goldwater">Goldwater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton" title="Alexander Hamilton">Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_G._Harding" title="Warren G. Harding">Harding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josh_Hawley" title="Josh Hawley">Hawley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Helms" title="Jesse Helms">Helms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Hoover" title="Herbert Hoover">Hoover (Herbert)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Huckabee" title="Mike Huckabee">Huckabee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Jordan" title="Jim Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Cabot_Lodge" title="Henry Cabot Lodge">Lodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clare_Boothe_Luce" title="Clare Boothe Luce">Luce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_McCain" title="John McCain">McCain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_McCarthy" title="Joseph McCarthy">McCarthy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitch_McConnell" title="Mitch McConnell">McConnell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_McKinley" title="William McKinley">McKinley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Nixon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Palin" title="Sarah Palin">Palin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rand_Paul" title="Rand Paul">Paul (Rand)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Paul" title="Ron Paul">Paul (Ron)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Pence" title="Mike Pence">Pence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Pierce" title="Franklin Pierce">Pierce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Randolph_of_Roanoke" title="John Randolph of Roanoke">Randolph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Reagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitt_Romney" title="Mitt Romney">Romney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marco_Rubio" title="Marco Rubio">Rubio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Rumsfeld" title="Donald Rumsfeld">Rumsfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Ryan" title="Paul Ryan">Ryan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Huckabee_Sanders" title="Sarah Huckabee Sanders">Sanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rick_Santorum" title="Rick Santorum">Santorum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sherman" title="John Sherman">Sherman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Taft" title="Robert A. Taft">Taft (Robert)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Taft" title="William Howard Taft">Taft (William)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Taylor_of_Caroline" title="John Taylor of Caroline">Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strom_Thurmond" title="Strom Thurmond">Thurmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Trump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JD_Vance" title="JD Vance">Vance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Wallace" title="George Wallace">Wallace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">Washington (George)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Wolfowitz" title="Paul Wolfowitz">Wolfowitz</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Jurists</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Alito" title="Samuel Alito">Alito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amy_Coney_Barrett" title="Amy Coney Barrett">Barrett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bork" title="Robert Bork">Bork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_E._Burger" title="Warren E. Burger">Burger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Colson" title="Charles Colson">Colson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_T._Frelinghuysen" title="Frederick T. Frelinghuysen">Frelinghuysen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_P._George" title="Robert P. George">George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Goldsmith" title="Jack Goldsmith">Goldsmith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Gorsuch" title="Neil Gorsuch">Gorsuch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lino_Graglia" title="Lino Graglia">Graglia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Marshall_Harlan_II" title="John Marshall Harlan II">Harlan II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brett_Kavanaugh" title="Brett Kavanaugh">Kavanaugh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Kennedy" title="Anthony Kennedy">Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Michael_Luttig" title="J. Michael Luttig">Luttig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Meese" title="Edwin Meese">Meese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandra_Day_O%27Connor" title="Sandra Day O'Connor">O'Connor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alton_B._Parker" title="Alton B. Parker">Parker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Rehnquist" title="William Rehnquist">Rehnquist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Roberts" title="John Roberts">Roberts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Terry_Sanford" title="Edward Terry Sanford">Sanford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonin_Scalia" title="Antonin Scalia">Scalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Sessions" title="Jeff Sessions">Sessions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Sutherland" title="George Sutherland">Sutherland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Taft" title="William Howard Taft">Taft (William)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_B._Taney" title="Roger B. Taney">Taney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarence_Thomas" title="Clarence Thomas">Thomas (Clarence)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrian_Vermeule" title="Adrian Vermeule">Vermeule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Evans_Whittaker" title="Charles Evans Whittaker">Whittaker</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Commentators</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sohrab_Ahmari" title="Sohrab Ahmari">Ahmari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenn_Beck" title="Glenn Beck">Beck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Bongino" title="Dan Bongino">Bongino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Breitbart" title="Andrew Breitbart">Breitbart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Buchanan" title="Pat Buchanan">Buchanan (Pat)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_F._Buckley_Jr." title="William F. Buckley Jr.">Buckley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Caldwell_(journalist)" title="Christopher Caldwell (journalist)">Caldwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tucker_Carlson" title="Tucker Carlson">Carlson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oren_Cass" title="Oren Cass">Cass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Chodorov" title="Frank Chodorov">Chodorov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ann_Coulter" title="Ann Coulter">Coulter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinesh_D%27Souza" title="Dinesh D'Souza">D'Souza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Derbyshire" title="John Derbyshire">Derbyshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_DiLorenzo" title="Thomas DiLorenzo">DiLorenzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ross_Douthat" title="Ross Douthat">Douthat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rod_Dreher" title="Rod Dreher">Dreher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Elder" title="Larry Elder">Elder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Fleming_(political_writer)" title="Thomas Fleming (political writer)">Fleming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonah_Goldberg" title="Jonah Goldberg">Goldberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Grant_(radio_host)" title="Bob Grant (radio host)">Grant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alyssa_Farah_Griffin" title="Alyssa Farah Griffin">Griffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_van_den_Haag" title="Ernest van den Haag">Van den Haag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sean_Hannity" title="Sean Hannity">Hannity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Hart" title="Jeffrey Hart">Hart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pete_Hegseth" title="Pete Hegseth">Hegseth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Will_Herberg" title="Will Herberg">Herberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Hoover" title="Margaret Hoover">Hoover (Margaret)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laura_Ingraham" title="Laura Ingraham">Ingraham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Jones" title="Alex Jones">Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megyn_Kelly" title="Megyn Kelly">Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Kirk" title="Charlie Kirk">Kirk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Knowles_(political_commentator)" title="Michael Knowles (political commentator)">Knowles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Krauthammer" title="Charles Krauthammer">Krauthammer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomi_Lahren" title="Tomi Lahren">Lahren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Levin" title="Mark Levin">Levin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rush_Limbaugh" title="Rush Limbaugh">Limbaugh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heather_Mac_Donald" title="Heather Mac Donald">Mac Donald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Metaxas" title="Eric Metaxas">Metaxas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_John_Neuhaus" title="Richard John Neuhaus">Neuhaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andy_Ngo" title="Andy Ngo">Ngo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_North" title="Oliver North">North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Novak" title="Robert Novak">Novak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_O%27Reilly_(political_commentator)" title="Bill O'Reilly (political commentator)">O'Reilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candace_Owens" title="Candace Owens">Owens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Podhoretz" title="Norman Podhoretz">Podhoretz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Pool" title="Tim Pool">Pool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Portnoy" title="David Portnoy">Portnoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Prager" title="Dennis Prager">Prager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Robertson" title="Pat Robertson">Robertson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Shapiro" title="Ben Shapiro">Shapiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amity_Shlaes" title="Amity Shlaes">Shlaes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Sullivan" title="Andrew Sullivan">Sullivan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matt_Walsh_(political_commentator)" title="Matt Walsh (political commentator)">Walsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Watters" title="Jesse Watters">Watters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Whittle" title="Bill Whittle">Whittle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Will" title="George Will">Will</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucian_Wintrich" title="Lucian Wintrich">Wintrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Woods" title="Tom Woods">Woods</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Activists</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Abramoff" title="Jack Abramoff">Abramoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Agostinelli" title="Robert Agostinelli">Agostinelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Ahmanson_Jr." title="Howard Ahmanson Jr.">Ahmanson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Andreessen" class="mw-redirect" title="Mark Andreessen">Andreessen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Atwater" title="Lee Atwater">Atwater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Bannon" title="Steve Bannon">Bannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaitlin_Bennett" title="Kaitlin Bennett">Bennett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuri_Bezmenov" title="Yuri Bezmenov">Bezmenov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L._Brent_Bozell_Jr." title="L. Brent Bozell Jr.">Bozell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Cohn" title="Roy Cohn">Cohn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Coors" title="Joseph Coors">Coors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Dans" title="Paul Dans">Dans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Dobson" title="James Dobson">Dobson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terry_Dolan_(activist)" title="Terry Dolan (activist)">Dolan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matt_Drudge" title="Matt Drudge">Drudge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Falwell" title="Jerry Falwell">Falwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Feulner" title="Edwin Feulner">Feulner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brigitte_Gabriel" title="Brigitte Gabriel">Gabriel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Horowitz" title="David Horowitz">Horowitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Krikorian_(activist)" title="Mark Krikorian (activist)">Krikorian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Kirk" title="Charlie Kirk">Kirk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Kristol" title="Bill Kristol">Kristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beverly_LaHaye" title="Beverly LaHaye">LaHaye (Beverly)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_LaHaye" title="Tim LaHaye">LaHaye (Tim)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Lindbergh" title="Charles Lindbergh">Lindbergh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Leo" title="Leonard Leo">Leo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_McEntee_(political_aide)" title="John McEntee (political aide)">McEntee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebekah_Mercer" title="Rebekah Mercer">Mercer (Rebekah)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Mercer" title="Robert Mercer">Mercer (Robert)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Miller_(political_advisor)" title="Stephen Miller (political advisor)">Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rupert_Murdoch" title="Rupert Murdoch">Murdoch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk">Musk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_O%27Keefe" title="James O'Keefe">O'Keefe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeonmi_Park" title="Yeonmi Park">Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Phillips_(activist)" title="Howard Phillips (activist)">Phillips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Prager" title="Dennis Prager">Prager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Reed" title="Ralph Reed">Reed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Regnery" title="Henry Regnery">Regnery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Roberts_(political_strategist)" title="Kevin Roberts (political strategist)">Roberts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Rove" title="Karl Rove">Rove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Rufo" title="Christopher Rufo">Rufo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_A._Rusher" title="William A. Rusher">Rusher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Mellon_Scaife" title="Richard Mellon Scaife">Scaife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Schlafly" title="Andrew Schlafly">Schlafly (Andrew)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phyllis_Schlafly" title="Phyllis Schlafly">Schlafly (Phyllis)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Stone" title="Roger Stone">Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robby_Starbuck" title="Robby Starbuck">Starbuck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Thiel" title="Peter Thiel">Thiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Viguerie" title="Richard Viguerie">Viguerie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginni_Thomas" title="Ginni Thomas">Thomas (Virginia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Booker_T._Washington" title="Booker T. Washington">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Weyrich" title="Paul Weyrich">Weyrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Wood" title="Robert E. Wood">Wood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Yenor" title="Scott Yenor">Yenor</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Literature</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Federalist_Papers" title="The Federalist Papers">The Federalist Papers</a> (1788)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democracy_in_America" title="Democracy in America">Democracy in America</a> (1835–1840)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democracy_and_Leadership" title="Democracy and Leadership">Democracy and Leadership</a> (1924)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notes_on_Democracy" title="Notes on Democracy">Notes on Democracy</a> (1926)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Agrarians#I'll_Take_My_Stand" title="Southern Agrarians">I'll Take My Stand</a> (1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Enemy,_the_State" title="Our Enemy, the State">Our Enemy, the State</a> (1935)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Managerial_Revolution" title="The Managerial Revolution">The Managerial Revolution</a> (1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ideas_Have_Consequences" title="Ideas Have Consequences">Ideas Have Consequences</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_and_Man_at_Yale" title="God and Man at Yale">God and Man at Yale</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Conservative_Mind" title="The Conservative Mind">The Conservative Mind</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Conscience_of_a_Conservative" title="The Conscience of a Conservative">The Conscience of a Conservative</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Choice_Not_an_Echo" title="A Choice Not an Echo">A Choice Not an Echo</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Losing_Ground:_American_Social_Policy,_1950%E2%80%931980" class="mw-redirect" title="Losing Ground: American Social Policy, 1950–1980">Losing Ground</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Conflict_of_Visions" title="A Conflict of Visions">A Conflict of Visions</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Closing_of_the_American_Mind" title="The Closing of the American Mind">The Closing of the American Mind</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bell_Curve:_Intelligence_and_Class_Structure_in_American_Life" class="mw-redirect" title="The Bell Curve: Intelligence and Class Structure in American Life">The Bell Curve</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Revolt_of_the_Elites" title="The Revolt of the Elites">The Revolt of the Elites</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Death_of_the_West" title="The Death of the West">The Death of the West</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Blank_Slate" title="The Blank Slate">The Blank Slate</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Rednecks_and_White_Liberals" title="Black Rednecks and White Liberals">Black Rednecks and White Liberals</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillbilly_Elegy" title="Hillbilly Elegy">Hillbilly Elegy</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Benedict_Option" title="The Benedict Option">The Benedict Option</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Why_Liberalism_Failed" title="Why Liberalism Failed">Why Liberalism Failed</a> (2018)</li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Concerns</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_the_United_States" title="Abortion in the United States">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cancel_culture#American_public_opinion" title="Cancel culture">Cancel Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_war#United_States" title="Culture war">Culture war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_multiculturalism#United_States" title="Criticism of multiculturalism">Multiculturalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disparate_impact#Controversy" title="Disparate impact">"Disparate impact" controversy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020s_controversies_around_critical_race_theory" title="2020s controversies around critical race theory">CRT controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diversity,_equity,_and_inclusion#Criticism_and_controversy" title="Diversity, equity, and inclusion">DEI controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Griggs_v._Duke_Power_Co." title="Griggs v. Duke Power Co.">Griggs v. Duke Power Co.</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_bubble_in_the_United_States" title="Higher education bubble in the United States">Higher ed. bubble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Go_woke,_go_broke" title="Go woke, go broke">Go woke, go broke</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Environmental,_social,_and_governance#Criticism" title="Environmental, social, and governance">ESG</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Corporate_sociopolitical_activism#Counter-movement" title="Corporate sociopolitical activism">Woke capitalism</a>"</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeschooling#United_States" title="Homeschooling">Homeschooling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_reduction_in_the_United_States" title="Immigration reduction in the United States">Immigration reduction</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_immigration_to_the_United_States" title="Illegal immigration to the United States">Illegal immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_immigration_to_the_United_States_and_crime" title="Illegal immigration to the United States and crime">Immigration and crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93United_States_border_crisis" title="Mexico–United States border crisis">Border crisis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelligence_and_public_policy" title="Intelligence and public policy">Intelligence and public policy</a></li> <li>Constitutional interpretations <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Originalism" title="Originalism">Originalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textualism" title="Textualism">Textualism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Managerial_state" title="Managerial state">Managerial state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mudsill_theory" title="Mudsill theory">Mudsill theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_keep_and_bear_arms_in_the_United_States" title="Right to keep and bear arms in the United States">Second Amendment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sub-replacement_fertility#United_States" title="Sub-replacement fertility">Sub-replacement fertility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unitary_executive_theory" title="Unitary executive theory">Unitary executive</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Parties</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist">Active <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Party_(1969)" title="American Party (1969)">American Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Independent_Party" title="American Independent Party">American Independent Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_New_York_State" title="Conservative Party of New York State">Conservative Party of New York State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_Party_(United_States)" title="Constitution Party (United States)">Constitution Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a></li></ul> Defunct <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Masonic_Party" title="Anti-Masonic Party">Anti-Masonic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Union_Party_(United_States)" title="Constitutional Union Party (United States)">Constitutional Union Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a> (historically, factions) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boll_weevil_(politics)" title="Boll weevil (politics)">Boll weevils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Democrat" title="Conservative Democrat">Conservative Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dixiecrat" title="Dixiecrat">Dixiecrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reagan_Democrats" class="mw-redirect" title="Reagan Democrats">Reagan Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Democrat" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Democrat">Southern Democrats</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorr_Rebellion" title="Dorr Rebellion">Rhode Island Suffrage Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federalist_Party" title="Federalist Party">Federalist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Republican_Party" title="National Republican Party">National Republican Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Native American Party">Native American Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whig_Party_(United_States)" title="Whig Party (United States)">Whig Party</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Think tanks</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acton_Institute" title="Acton Institute">Acton Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexis_de_Tocqueville_Institution" title="Alexis de Tocqueville Institution">AdTI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Enterprise_Institute" title="American Enterprise Institute">AEI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_Security_Policy" title="Center for Security Policy">CSP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_the_National_Interest" title="Center for the National Interest">Center for the National Interest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claremont_Institute" title="Claremont Institute">Claremont Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Competitive_Enterprise_Institute" title="Competitive Enterprise Institute">CEI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Horowitz_Freedom_Center" title="David Horowitz Freedom Center">CSPC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethics_and_Public_Policy_Center" title="Ethics and Public Policy Center">EPPC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_Research_Institute" title="Family Research Institute">FRI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gatestone_Institute" title="Gatestone Institute">Gatestone Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heartland_Institute" title="Heartland Institute">Heartland Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Heritage_Foundation" title="The Heritage Foundation">The Heritage Foundation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heritage_Action" title="Heritage Action">Heritage Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandate_for_Leadership" title="Mandate for Leadership">Mandate for Leadership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_2025" title="Project 2025">Project 2025</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoover_Institution" title="Hoover Institution">Hoover Institution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hudson_Institute" title="Hudson Institute">Hudson Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intercollegiate_Studies_Institute" title="Intercollegiate Studies Institute">ISI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Madison_Program_in_American_Ideals_and_Institutions" title="James Madison Program in American Ideals and Institutions">James Madison Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leadership_Institute" title="Leadership Institute">Leadership Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Institute_for_Policy_Research" title="Manhattan Institute for Policy Research">Manhattan Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mises_Institute" title="Mises Institute">Mises Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Research_Institute" title="Pacific Research Institute">PRI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_for_the_New_American_Century" title="Project for the New American Century">Project for the New American Century</a> (Defunct)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ripon_Society" title="Ripon Society">Ripon Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R_Street_Institute" title="R Street Institute">R Street Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockford_Institute" title="Rockford Institute">Rockford Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Policy_Network" title="State Policy Network">SPN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutherland_Institute" title="Sutherland Institute">Sutherland Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tax_Foundation" title="Tax Foundation">Tax Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witherspoon_Institute" title="Witherspoon Institute">Witherspoon Institute</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Media</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> Newspapers <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Tribune" title="Chicago Tribune">Chicago Tribune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dallas_Morning_News" class="mw-redirect" title="Dallas Morning News">Dallas Morning News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Epoch_Times" title="The Epoch Times">The Epoch Times</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire_Union_Leader" title="New Hampshire Union Leader">New Hampshire Union Leader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Jewish_Voice" title="The Jewish Voice">The Jewish Voice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Observer" title="The New York Observer">The New York Observer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Post" title="New York Post">New York Post</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Remnant_(newspaper)" title="The Remnant (newspaper)">The Remnant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a> <a href="/wiki/Editorial_board_at_The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="Editorial board at The Wall Street Journal">(editorial board)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Times" title="The Washington Times">The Washington Times</a></li></ul> Journals <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Affairs" title="American Affairs">American Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_American_Conservative" title="The American Conservative">The American Conservative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_American_Spectator" title="The American Spectator">The American Spectator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Thinker" title="American Thinker">American Thinker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_Journal" title="City Journal">City Journal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claremont_Review_of_Books" title="Claremont Review of Books">Claremont Review of Books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commentary_(magazine)" title="Commentary (magazine)">Commentary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compact_(American_magazine)" title="Compact (American magazine)">Compact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chronicles_(magazine)" title="Chronicles (magazine)">Chronicles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Dispatch" title="The Dispatch">The Dispatch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Things" title="First Things">First Things</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Imaginative_Conservative" title="The Imaginative Conservative">The Imaginative Conservative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_World_Review" title="Jewish World Review">Jewish World Review</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Age_(periodical)" title="Modern Age (periodical)">Modern Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Affairs" title="National Affairs">National Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_National_Interest" title="The National Interest">The National Interest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Review" title="National Review">National Review</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_New_American" title="The New American">The New American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_New_Atlantis_(journal)" title="The New Atlantis (journal)">The New Atlantis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_New_Criterion" title="The New Criterion">The New Criterion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Policy_Review" title="Policy Review">Policy Review</a> (defunct)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Discourse" class="mw-redirect" title="Public Discourse">Public Discourse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Partisan" title="Southern Partisan">Southern Partisan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spectator_USA" class="mw-redirect" title="Spectator USA">Spectator USA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tablet_(magazine)" title="Tablet (magazine)">Tablet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taki%27s_Magazine" title="Taki's Magazine">Taki's Magazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telos_(journal)" title="Telos (journal)">Telos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Examiner" title="Washington Examiner">Washington Examiner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Weekly_Standard" title="The Weekly Standard">The Weekly Standard</a> (defunct)</li></ul> TV channels <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Broadcasting_Network" title="Christian Broadcasting Network">CBN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_Business" title="Fox Business">Fox Business</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_News" title="Fox News">Fox News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newsmax_TV" title="Newsmax TV">Newsmax TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_America_News_Network" title="One America News Network">One America News Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VOZ_(media_company)" title="VOZ (media company)">VOZ</a></li></ul> Websites <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Babylon_Bee" title="The Babylon Bee">Babylon Bee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breitbart_News" title="Breitbart News">Breitbart News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bulwark_(website)" title="The Bulwark (website)">The Bulwark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campus_Reform" title="Campus Reform">Campus Reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Center_Square" title="The Center Square">The Center Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Review" title="Conservative Review">Conservative Review</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Caller" title="The Daily Caller">Daily Caller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Signal" title="The Daily Signal">Daily Signal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Wire" title="The Daily Wire">Daily Wire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discover_the_Networks" title="Discover the Networks">Discover the Networks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Federalist_(website)" title="The Federalist (website)">The Federalist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FrontPage_Magazine" title="FrontPage Magazine">FrontPage Magazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Front_Porch_Republic" title="Front Porch Republic">Front Porch Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Gateway_Pundit" title="The Gateway Pundit">Gateway Pundit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot_Air" title="Hot Air">Hot Air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_Events" title="Human Events">Human Events</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Journal_Review" title="Independent Journal Review">Independent Journal Review</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/InfoWars" title="InfoWars">InfoWars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jihad_Watch" title="Jihad Watch">Jihad Watch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LifeZette" title="LifeZette">LifeZette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NewsBusters" class="mw-redirect" title="NewsBusters">NewsBusters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PJ_Media" title="PJ Media">PJ Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rare_(website)" title="Rare (website)">Rare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RedState" title="RedState">RedState</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Dispatch" title="The Dispatch">The Dispatch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Townhall" title="Townhall">Townhall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twitchy" title="Twitchy">Twitchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Examiner" title="Washington Examiner">Washington Examiner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Free_Beacon" title="The Washington Free Beacon">The Washington Free Beacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Western_Journal" title="The Western Journal">The Western Journal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WorldNetDaily" title="WorldNetDaily">WorldNetDaily</a></li></ul> Other <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blaze_Media" title="Blaze Media">Blaze Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encounter_Books" title="Encounter Books">Encounter Books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evie_Magazine" title="Evie Magazine">Evie Magazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_First_TV" title="The First TV">The First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imprimis" title="Imprimis">Imprimis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Political_Cesspool" title="The Political Cesspool">The Political Cesspool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passage_Publishing" title="Passage Publishing">Passage Publishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PragerU" title="PragerU">PragerU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RealClearPolitics" title="RealClearPolitics">RealClearPolitics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Scare_(podcast)" title="Red Scare (podcast)">Red Scare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regnery_Publishing" title="Regnery Publishing">Regnery Publishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_Side_Broadcasting_Network" title="Right Side Broadcasting Network">RSBN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Rubin_Report" title="The Rubin Report">The Rubin Report</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinclair_Broadcast_Group" title="Sinclair Broadcast Group">Sinclair Broadcast Group</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Other organizations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> Economics <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Americans_for_Tax_Reform" title="Americans for Tax Reform">ATR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Club_for_Growth" title="Club for Growth">Club for Growth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FreedomWorks" title="FreedomWorks">FreedomWorks</a> (defunct)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Federation_of_Independent_Business" title="National Federation of Independent Business">NFIB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Taxpayers_Union" title="National Taxpayers Union">NTU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_Party_Patriots" title="Tea Party Patriots">Tea Party Patriots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Chamber_of_Commerce" title="United States Chamber of Commerce">USCC</a></li></ul> Gun rights <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gun_Owners_of_America" title="Gun Owners of America">GOA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Association_for_Gun_Rights" title="National Association for Gun Rights">NAGR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Rifle_Association" title="National Rifle Association">NRA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Amendment_Caucus" title="Second Amendment Caucus">Second Amendment Caucus</a></li></ul> Identity politics <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ACT_for_America" title="ACT for America">ACT!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concerned_Women_for_America" title="Concerned Women for America">CWA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Conservative_Citizens" title="Council of Conservative Citizens">Council of Conservative Citizens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gays_Against_Groomers" title="Gays Against Groomers">GAG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Women%27s_Forum" title="Independent Women's Forum">IWF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Log_Cabin_Republicans" title="Log Cabin Republicans">LCR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moms_for_Liberty" title="Moms for Liberty">Moms for Liberty</a></li></ul> Nativist <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_Immigration_Studies" title="Center for Immigration Studies">CIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_for_American_Immigration_Reform" title="Federation for American Immigration Reform">FAIR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NumbersUSA" title="NumbersUSA">NumbersUSA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oath_Keepers" title="Oath Keepers">Oath Keepers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Percenters" title="Three Percenters">Three Percenters</a></li></ul> Religion <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_Defending_Freedom" title="Alliance Defending Freedom">ADF</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_court_cases_involving_Alliance_Defending_Freedom" title="List of court cases involving Alliance Defending Freedom">Court cases</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Center_for_Law_%26_Justice" title="American Center for Law & Justice">ACLJ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Family_Association" title="American Family Association">AFA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Society_for_the_Defense_of_Tradition,_Family_and_Property" title="American Society for the Defense of Tradition, Family and Property">The American TFP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalcedon_Foundation" title="Chalcedon Foundation">Chalcedon Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Coalition_of_America" title="Christian Coalition of America">CCA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Voice_(United_States)" title="Christian Voice (United States)">Christian Voice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eagle_Forum" title="Eagle Forum">Eagle Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_Research_Council" title="Family Research Council">FCR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Fellowship_(Christian_organization)" title="The Fellowship (Christian organization)">The Fellowship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faith_and_Freedom_Coalition" title="Faith and Freedom Coalition">FFC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Focus_on_the_Family" title="Focus on the Family">Focus on the Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foundation_for_Moral_Law" title="Foundation for Moral Law">Foundation for Moral Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Counsel" title="Liberty Counsel">Liberty Counsel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moral_Majority" title="Moral Majority">Moral Majority</a> (defunct)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Organization_for_Marriage" title="National Organization for Marriage">NOM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Right_to_Life_Committee" title="National Right to Life Committee">NRLC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parents_Television_and_Media_Council" title="Parents Television and Media Council">PTMC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony_Pro-Life_America" title="Susan B. Anthony Pro-Life America">Susan B. Anthony Pro-Life America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_More_Law_Center" title="Thomas More Law Center">Thomas More Law Center</a></li></ul> Watchdog groups <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accuracy_in_Media" title="Accuracy in Media">AIM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Econ_Journal_Watch" title="Econ Journal Watch">Econ Journal Watch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_News_Foundation" title="Franklin News Foundation">Franklin News Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judicial_Watch" title="Judicial Watch">JW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_Research_Center" title="Media Research Center">MRC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O%27Keefe_Media_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="O'Keefe Media Group">O'Keefe Media Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Veritas" title="Project Veritas">Project Veritas</a> (defunct)</li></ul> Youth/student groups <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Journalism_Center" title="National Journalism Center">NJC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turning_Point_USA" title="Turning Point USA">TPUSA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Americans_for_Freedom" title="Young Americans for Freedom">Young Americans for Freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_America%27s_Foundation" title="Young America's Foundation">Young America's Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Americans_for_Liberty" title="Young Americans for Liberty">YAL</a></li></ul> Miscellaneous <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_85_Fund" title="The 85 Fund">The 85 Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton_Institute_for_the_Study_of_Western_Civilization" title="Alexander Hamilton Institute for the Study of Western Civilization">AHI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Conservative_Union" title="American Conservative Union">ACU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bradley_Foundation" title="Bradley Foundation">Bradley Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Conservative_Caucus" title="The Conservative Caucus">TCC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_for_National_Policy" title="Council for National Policy">CNP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Political_Action_Conference" title="Conservative Political Action Conference">CPAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Caucus" title="Freedom Caucus">Freedom Caucus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillsdale_College" title="Hillsdale College">Hillsdale College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idaho_Freedom_Foundation" title="Idaho Freedom Foundation">IFF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Birch_Society" title="John Birch Society">JBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_M._Olin_Foundation" title="John M. Olin Foundation">John M. Olin Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Fund" title="Liberty Fund">Liberty Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_University" title="Liberty University">LU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Association_of_Scholars" title="National Association of Scholars">NAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Society" title="Philadelphia Society">Philadelphia Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regent_University" title="Regent University">Regent University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Study_Committee" title="Republican Study Committee">RSC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_Kirk_Center_for_Cultural_Renewal" title="Russell Kirk Center for Cultural Renewal">Russell Kirk Center for Cultural Renewal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Public_Policy_Foundation" title="Texas Public Policy Foundation">TPPF</a></li></ul> Other <ul><li><a href="/wiki/America_First_Legal" title="America First Legal">AFL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlas_Network" title="Atlas Network">Atlas Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collegiate_Network" title="Collegiate Network">CN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ConservAmerica" title="ConservAmerica">ConservAmerica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donors_Trust" title="Donors Trust">Donors Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federalist_Society" title="Federalist Society">FedSoc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gab_(social_network)" title="Gab (social network)">Gab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gettr" title="Gettr">Gettr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Justice_Institute" title="Pacific Justice Institute">PJI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parler" title="Parler">Parler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Main_Street_Partnership" title="Republican Main Street Partnership">Republican Main Street Partnership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Right_Stuff_(app)" title="The Right Stuff (app)">The Right Stuff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_for_American_Civic_Renewal" title="Society for American Civic Renewal">SACR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Republicans" title="Young Republicans">YRNF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziklag_(organization)" title="Ziklag (organization)">Ziklag</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; 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border-top:1px solid #AAA; border-bottom:1px solid #AAA"> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/15px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/22px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/30px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="268" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Conservatism" title="Portal:Conservatism">Conservatism portal</a></li> <li><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/16px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/24px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Conservatism_US" title="Template:Conservatism US"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Conservatism_US" title="Template talk:Conservatism US"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Conservatism_US" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Conservatism US"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> Rafael Edward Cruz (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/kruːz/</a>; born December 22, 1970) is an American politician and attorney serving as the <a href="/wiki/Seniority_in_the_United_States_Senate" title="Seniority in the United States Senate">junior</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States senator</a> from <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a> since 2013. A member of the <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a>, Cruz was the <a href="/wiki/Solicitor_general_of_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="Solicitor general of Texas">solicitor general of Texas</a> from 2003 to 2008. After graduating from <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a> and <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Law_School" title="Harvard Law School">Harvard Law School</a>, Cruz pursued a career in politics, eventually serving as a policy advisor in the <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> administration. In 2003, <a href="/wiki/Attorney_general_of_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="Attorney general of Texas">Texas Attorney General</a> <a href="/wiki/Greg_Abbott" title="Greg Abbott">Greg Abbott</a> appointed Cruz to serve as <a href="/wiki/Solicitor_General_of_Texas" title="Solicitor General of Texas">Solicitor General</a>, a position he held through 2008. Cruz was elected to the U.S. Senate in <a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_Senate_election_in_Texas" title="2012 United States Senate election in Texas">2012</a>, becoming the first Hispanic-American to serve as a U.S. senator from Texas.<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> In the Senate, he has taken consistently conservative positions on economic and social policy. He played a leading role in the <a href="/wiki/2013_United_States_federal_government_shutdown" title="2013 United States federal government shutdown">2013 United States federal government shutdown</a>, seeking to force Congress and President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> to defund the <a href="/wiki/Affordable_Care_Act" title="Affordable Care Act">Affordable Care Act</a>. Cruz was reelected in a close race in <a href="/wiki/2018_United_States_Senate_election_in_Texas" title="2018 United States Senate election in Texas">2018</a> against <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> nominee <a href="/wiki/Beto_O%27Rourke" title="Beto O'Rourke">Beto O'Rourke</a> and decisively won a third term in <a href="/wiki/2024_United_States_Senate_election_in_Texas" title="2024 United States Senate election in Texas">2024</a> against Congressman <a href="/wiki/Colin_Allred" title="Colin Allred">Colin Allred</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Ted_Cruz_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Ted Cruz 2016 presidential campaign">2016</a>, Cruz sought the Republican presidential nomination, emerging as a serious competitor to front-runner <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> in a primary marked by intense, often personal, exchanges. Cruz initially withheld his endorsement after Trump secured the nomination, but became a strong supporter during <a href="/wiki/First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="First presidency of Donald Trump">Trump's first term</a>. In 2021, Cruz objected to the <a href="/wiki/2021_United_States_Electoral_College_vote_count" title="2021 United States Electoral College vote count">certification of Joe Biden’s victory</a> in the <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="2020 United States presidential election">2020 presidential election</a>. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_family">Early life and family</h2></div> Rafael Edward Cruz was born on December 22, 1970,<a href="#cite_note-CongressionalBio-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-AustinAmStCruz-4">[4]</a> at <a href="/wiki/Foothills_Medical_Centre" title="Foothills Medical Centre">Foothills Medical Centre</a><a href="#cite_note-Macleans-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> in <a href="/wiki/Calgary" title="Calgary">Calgary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alberta" title="Alberta">Alberta</a>, Canada, to Eleanor Elizabeth (<a href="/wiki/Birth_name#Maiden_and_married_names" title="Birth name">née</a> Darragh) Wilson and <a href="/wiki/Rafael_Cruz" title="Rafael Cruz">Rafael Cruz</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Texplainer08132012-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-Time4Truth-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-CostaNatlRev08282013-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-GilmanDallasNews08182013-10">[10]</a> Cruz's mother was born in <a href="/wiki/Wilmington,_Delaware" title="Wilmington, Delaware">Wilmington, Delaware</a>. She is of three-quarters <a href="/wiki/Irish_people" title="Irish people">Irish</a> and one-quarter <a href="/wiki/Italians" title="Italians">Italian</a> descent, and earned an <a href="/wiki/Undergraduate_degree" title="Undergraduate degree">undergraduate degree</a> in mathematics from <a href="/wiki/Rice_University" title="Rice University">Rice University</a> in the 1950s.<a href="#cite_note-NYTimesEckholm08012012-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> Cruz's father, Rafael, was born and raised in Cuba, the son of a <a href="/wiki/Canary_Islander" class="mw-redirect" title="Canary Islander">Canary Islander</a> who immigrated to <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a> as a child.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> As a teenager in the 1950s, Rafael Cruz was beaten by agents of <a href="/wiki/Fulgencio_Batista" title="Fulgencio Batista">Fulgencio Batista</a> for opposing the Batista regime.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> He left Cuba in 1957 to attend the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Texas_at_Austin" title="University of Texas at Austin">University of Texas at Austin</a> and obtained <a href="/wiki/Political_asylum" class="mw-redirect" title="Political asylum">political asylum</a> in the United States after his four-year <a href="/wiki/Student_visa" class="mw-redirect" title="Student visa">student visa</a> expired.<a href="#cite_note-Welna20June-15">[15]</a> He earned Canadian citizenship in 1973<a href="#cite_note-Macleans-5">[5]</a> and became a <a href="/wiki/Naturalization" title="Naturalization">naturalized</a> United States citizen in 2005.<a href="#cite_note-CostaNatlRev08282013-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-OlsenHousChron10132012-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> At the time of his birth, Ted Cruz's parents had lived in Calgary for three years and were working in the oil business as owners of a <a href="/wiki/Reflection_seismology" title="Reflection seismology">seismic-data processing</a> firm for oil <a href="/wiki/Well_drilling" title="Well drilling">drilling</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CostaNatlRev08282013-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOXNewsLatino04082013-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYTimes11182011-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-newvos1-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-GarrettDallasNews04282013-21">[21]</a> Cruz has said that he is the son of "two mathematicians/computer programmers".<a href="#cite_note-Mervis-22">[22]</a> In 1974, Cruz's father left the family and moved to Texas.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> Later that year, Cruz's parents reconciled and relocated the family to <a href="/wiki/Houston" title="Houston">Houston</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Macleans-5">[5]</a> They divorced in 1997.<a href="#cite_note-Recio1Apr-24">[24]</a> Cruz has two older half-sisters, Miriam Ceferina Cruz and Roxana Lourdes Cruz, from his father's first marriage. Miriam died in 2011 from a drug overdose.<a href="#cite_note-Recio1Apr-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-TimeTruthCruz-26">[26]</a> Cruz began going by Ted at age 13.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education">Education</h3></div> For junior high school, Cruz went to <a href="/wiki/Awty_International_School" title="Awty International School">Awty International School</a> in <a href="/wiki/Houston" title="Houston">Houston</a>.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> Cruz attended two private high schools: <a href="/wiki/Faith_West_Academy" title="Faith West Academy">Faith West Academy</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Katy,_Texas" title="Katy, Texas">Katy, Texas</a>;<a href="#cite_note-eriksen-29">[29]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Second_Baptist_School" title="Second Baptist School">Second Baptist High School</a> in <a href="/wiki/Houston" title="Houston">Houston</a>, from which he graduated as <a href="/wiki/Valedictorian" title="Valedictorian">valedictorian</a> in 1988.<a href="#cite_note-OlsenHousChron10132012-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> During high school, Cruz participated in a Houston-based group known at the time as the Free Market Education Foundation, a program that taught high school students the philosophies of economists such as <a href="/wiki/Milton_Friedman" title="Milton Friedman">Milton Friedman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Bastiat" title="Frédéric Bastiat">Frédéric Bastiat</a>.<a href="#cite_note-GarrettDallasNews04282013-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-Lizza-32">[32]</a> After high school, Cruz studied <a href="/wiki/Public_policy" title="Public policy">public policy</a> at <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a>.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-CongressionalBio-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-PrincetonUCruzAlum-34">[34]</a> While at Princeton, he competed for the <a href="/wiki/American_Whig-Cliosophic_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="American Whig-Cliosophic Society">American Whig-Cliosophic Society</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Princeton_Debate_Panel" class="mw-redirect" title="Princeton Debate Panel">Debate Panel</a> and won the top speaker award at both the 1992 U.S. National Debating Championship and the 1992 <a href="/wiki/North_American_Debating_Championship" title="North American Debating Championship">North American Debating Championship</a>.<a href="#cite_note-debate.princeton.edu-35">[35]</a> In 1992, he was named U.S. National Speaker of the Year and, with his debate partner David Panton, Team of the Year by the <a href="/wiki/American_Parliamentary_Debate_Association" title="American Parliamentary Debate Association">American Parliamentary Debate Association</a>.<a href="#cite_note-debate.princeton.edu-35">[35]</a> Cruz and Panton later represented Harvard Law School at the 1995 World Debating Championship, losing in the semifinals to a team from Australia.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-PrinceDebateNamed-38">[38]</a> Princeton's debate team named their annual novice championship after Cruz.<a href="#cite_note-PrinceDebateNamed-38">[38]</a> At Princeton, Cruz was a member of <a href="/wiki/Colonial_Club" title="Colonial Club">Colonial Club</a>.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> His 115-page senior thesis at Princeton investigated the separation of powers; its title, Clipping the Wings of Angels: The History and Theory Behind the Ninth and Tenth Amendments of the United States Constitution, was inspired by a passage attributed to <a href="/wiki/James_Madison" title="James Madison">James Madison</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Federalist_No._51" title="Federalist No. 51">51st essay</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Federalist_Papers" class="mw-redirect" title="Federalist Papers">Federalist Papers</a>: "If angels were to govern men, neither external nor internal controls on government would be necessary." Cruz argued that the drafters of the Constitution intended to protect their constituents' rights, and that the last two items in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Bill_of_Rights" title="United States Bill of Rights">Bill of Rights</a> offer an explicit stop against an all-powerful state.<a href="#cite_note-NYTimesEckholm08012012-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-MotherJones02021992-40">[40]</a> Cruz graduated from Princeton in 1992 with a <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">Bachelor of Arts</a> <a href="/wiki/Latin_honors#United_States" title="Latin honors">cum laude</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Swartz-41">[41]</a> Cruz then attended <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Law_School" title="Harvard Law School">Harvard Law School</a>,<a href="#cite_note-CongressionalBio-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-BegalaBeast08012012-42">[42]</a> where he was a <a href="/wiki/John_M._Olin_Foundation" title="John M. Olin Foundation">John M. Olin Fellow in Law and Economics</a>.<a href="#cite_note-MorganLew03292011-43">[43]</a> He was a primary editor of the <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Law_Review" title="Harvard Law Review">Harvard Law Review</a>, an executive editor of the <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Journal_of_Law_and_Public_Policy" class="mw-redirect" title="Harvard Journal of Law and Public Policy">Harvard Journal of Law and Public Policy</a>, and a founding editor of the Harvard Latino Law Review.<a href="#cite_note-PrincetonUCruzAlum-34">[34]</a> Referring to Cruz's time as a student at Harvard Law, professor <a href="/wiki/Alan_Dershowitz" title="Alan Dershowitz">Alan Dershowitz</a> said that Cruz was "off-the-charts brilliant."<a href="#cite_note-WashPostWeinerDershowitz-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> Cruz graduated from Harvard Law in 1995 with a <a href="/wiki/Juris_Doctor" title="Juris Doctor">Juris Doctor</a> degree magna cum laude.<a href="#cite_note-Swartz-41">[41]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legal_career">Legal career</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Clerkships">Clerkships</h3></div> After law school, Cruz served as a <a href="/wiki/Law_clerk" title="Law clerk">law clerk</a> for Judge <a href="/wiki/J._Michael_Luttig" title="J. Michael Luttig">J. Michael Luttig</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Fourth_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit">U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit</a> from 1995 to 1996,<a href="#cite_note-MorganLew03292011-43">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-RussLaw360MorganLew-48">[48]</a> and then for <a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_the_United_States" title="Chief Justice of the United States">Chief Justice</a> <a href="/wiki/William_Rehnquist" title="William Rehnquist">William Rehnquist</a> of the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Supreme Court">U.S. Supreme Court</a> from 1996 to 1997.<a href="#cite_note-CongressionalBio-3">[3]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Private_practice">Private practice</h3></div> After his Supreme Court clerkship, Cruz worked in private practice as an associate at the law firm Cooper, Carvin & Rosenthal (now <a href="/wiki/Charles_J._Cooper" title="Charles J. Cooper">Cooper & Kirk, PLLC</a>) from 1997 to 1998.<a href="#cite_note-TXTribProfile-49">[49]</a> At the firm, Cruz worked on matters relating to the <a href="/wiki/National_Rifle_Association" title="National Rifle Association">National Rifle Association</a> and helped prepare testimony for the <a href="/wiki/Impeachment_of_Bill_Clinton" title="Impeachment of Bill Clinton">impeachment proceedings</a> against President <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a>.<a href="#cite_note-JToobin-50">[50]</a> In 1998, Cruz was briefly one of the attorneys who represented Representative <a href="/wiki/John_Boehner" title="John Boehner">John Boehner</a> during his litigation against Representative <a href="/wiki/Jim_McDermott" title="Jim McDermott">Jim McDermott</a> over the alleged leak of an illegal recording of a phone conversation whose participants included Boehner.<a href="#cite_note-WestneatSeaTimes05191998-51">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bush_administration">Bush administration</h3></div> Cruz joined the <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush_presidential_campaign,_2000" class="mw-redirect" title="George W. Bush presidential campaign, 2000">George W. Bush presidential campaign</a> in 1999 as a domestic policy adviser, advising then-Governor Bush on a wide range of policy and legal matters, including civil justice, criminal justice, constitutional law, immigration, and government reform.<a href="#cite_note-TXTribProfile-49">[49]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/Florida_election_recount" class="mw-redirect" title="Florida election recount">2000 Florida presidential recounts</a>, he assisted in assembling the Bush legal team, devising strategy, and drafting <a href="/wiki/Pleading" title="Pleading">pleadings</a> for filing with the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Florida" title="Supreme Court of Florida">Supreme Court of Florida</a> and U.S. Supreme Court in the case <a href="/wiki/Bush_v._Gore" title="Bush v. Gore">Bush v. Gore</a>.<a href="#cite_note-MorganLew03292011-43">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-DayBeastReinventCruz-53">[53]</a> Cruz recruited future <a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_the_United_States" title="Chief Justice of the United States">Chief Justice</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Roberts" title="John Roberts">John Roberts</a> and noted attorney Mike Carvin to Bush's legal team.<a href="#cite_note-JToobin-50">[50]</a> After Bush took office, Cruz served as an <a href="/wiki/Associate_Deputy_Attorney_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Associate Deputy Attorney General">associate deputy attorney general</a> in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice" title="United States Department of Justice">United States Department of Justice</a><a href="#cite_note-CongressionalBio-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-DayBeastReinventCruz-53">[53]</a> and as the director of policy planning at the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Trade_Commission" title="Federal Trade Commission">Federal Trade Commission</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CongressionalBio-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-WashPostWeinerDershowitz-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-DayBeastReinventCruz-53">[53]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Texas_Solicitor_General">Texas Solicitor General</h3></div> In 2003, Texas Attorney General <a href="/wiki/Greg_Abbott" title="Greg Abbott">Greg Abbott</a> appointed Cruz to be the <a href="/wiki/Solicitor#United_States" title="Solicitor">solicitor general</a> of Texas.<a href="#cite_note-RussLaw360MorganLew-48">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-TXAGAbbott04092008-54">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-Lizza-32">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-MorganLew03292011-43">[43]</a> The office was established in 1999 to handle appeals involving the Texas state government, but Abbott hired Cruz with the idea that Cruz would take a "leadership role in the United States in articulating a vision of <a href="/wiki/Strict_constructionism" title="Strict constructionism">strict constructionism</a>". As Texas solicitor general, Cruz argued before the U.S. Supreme Court nine times, winning five cases and losing four.<a href="#cite_note-JToobin-50">[50]</a> He authored 70 U.S. Supreme Court briefs and presented 34 appellate oral arguments.<a href="#cite_note-WashPostWeinerDershowitz-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-RussLaw360MorganLew-48">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-HarvLawBulWilsonFall2012-55">[55]</a> His nine appearances before the Supreme Court are the most by any practicing lawyer in Texas or current member of Congress.<a href="#cite_note-BathejaTXTrib07232012-56">[56]</a> Cruz has said, "We ended up year after year arguing some of the biggest cases in the country. There was a degree of serendipity in that, but there was also a concerted effort to seek out and lead conservative fights."<a href="#cite_note-BathejaTXTrib07232012-56">[56]</a> In 2003, while Cruz was Texas Solicitor General, the Texas Attorney General's office declined to defend Texas's <a href="/wiki/Sodomy_law" title="Sodomy law">sodomy law</a> in <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_v._Texas" title="Lawrence v. Texas">Lawrence v. Texas</a>, in which the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that state laws banning homosexual sex were unconstitutional.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> In the landmark case <a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia_v._Heller" title="District of Columbia v. Heller">District of Columbia v. Heller</a>, Cruz drafted the <a href="/wiki/Amicus_curiae" title="Amicus curiae">amicus</a> brief signed by the attorneys general of 31 states arguing that the <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a> handgun ban should be struck down as infringing upon the <a href="/wiki/Second_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Second Amendment to the United States Constitution">Second Amendment</a> <a href="/wiki/Right_to_keep_and_bear_arms" title="Right to keep and bear arms">right to keep and bear arms</a>.<a href="#cite_note-HarvLawBulWilsonFall2012-55">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-BlockNPR03142008-58">[58]</a> He also presented oral argument for the amici states in the companion case to Heller before the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_District_of_Columbia_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit">United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit</a>.<a href="#cite_note-HarvLawBulWilsonFall2012-55">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-WSJ03142007-59">[59]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ted_Cruz_by_Gage_Skidmore_4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Ted_Cruz_by_Gage_Skidmore_4.jpg/300px-Ted_Cruz_by_Gage_Skidmore_4.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Ted_Cruz_by_Gage_Skidmore_4.jpg/450px-Ted_Cruz_by_Gage_Skidmore_4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Ted_Cruz_by_Gage_Skidmore_4.jpg/600px-Ted_Cruz_by_Gage_Skidmore_4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4752" data-file-height="3168" /></a><figcaption>Cruz at the <a href="/wiki/Values_Voter_Summit" title="Values Voter Summit">Values Voter Summit</a> in October 2011</figcaption></figure> Cruz successfully defended the constitutionality of the <a href="/wiki/Ten_Commandments" title="Ten Commandments">Ten Commandments</a> monument on the <a href="/wiki/Texas_State_Capitol" title="Texas State Capitol">Texas State Capitol</a> grounds before the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Fifth_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit">Fifth Circuit</a> and the U.S. Supreme Court, winning 5–4 in <a href="/wiki/Van_Orden_v._Perry" title="Van Orden v. Perry">Van Orden v. Perry</a>.<a href="#cite_note-WashPostWeinerDershowitz-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-MorganLew03292011-43">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-HarvLawBulWilsonFall2012-55">[55]</a> In 2004, Cruz was involved in the high-profile case surrounding a challenge to the constitutionality of public schools' requiring students to recite the <a href="/wiki/Pledge_of_Allegiance_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pledge of Allegiance (United States)">Pledge of Allegiance</a> (including the words "under God", legally a part of the Pledge since 1954), <a href="/wiki/Elk_Grove_Unified_School_District_v._Newdow" title="Elk Grove Unified School District v. Newdow">Elk Grove Unified School District v. Newdow</a>.<a href="#cite_note-WashPostWeinerDershowitz-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-MorganLew03292011-43">[43]</a> He wrote a <a href="/wiki/Brief_(law)" title="Brief (law)">brief</a> on behalf of all 50 states that argued that the plaintiff, a non-custodial parent, did not have standing to file suit on his daughter's behalf.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> The Supreme Court upheld the position of Cruz's brief.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> Cruz served as lead counsel for the state and successfully defended the multiple litigation challenges to the 2003 Texas congressional redistricting plan in state and federal district courts and before the U.S. Supreme Court, which was decided 5–4 in his favor in <a href="/wiki/League_of_United_Latin_American_Citizens_v._Perry" title="League of United Latin American Citizens v. Perry">League of United Latin American Citizens v. Perry</a>.<a href="#cite_note-MorganLew03292011-43">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-ReinertHousChron06282006-62">[62]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Medell%C3%ADn_v._Texas" title="Medellín v. Texas">Medellín v. Texas</a>, Cruz successfully defended Texas against an attempt to reopen the cases of 51 Mexican nationals, all of whom were convicted of murder in the United States and on death row.<a href="#cite_note-WashPostWeinerDershowitz-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-MorganLew03292011-43">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-RussLaw360MorganLew-48">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-HarvLawBulWilsonFall2012-55">[55]</a> With the support of the George W. Bush administration, the petitioners argued that the United States had violated the <a href="/wiki/Vienna_Convention_on_Consular_Relations" title="Vienna Convention on Consular Relations">Vienna Convention on Consular Relations</a> by failing to notify the convicted nationals of their opportunity to receive legal aid from the Mexican consulate.<a href="#cite_note-JToobin-50">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-Medellín_case-63">[63]</a> They based their case on a decision of the <a href="/wiki/International_Court_of_Justice" title="International Court of Justice">International Court of Justice</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Avena_case" title="Avena case">Avena case</a>, which ruled that by failing to allow access to the Mexican consulate, the United States had breached its obligations under the convention.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> Texas won the case in a 6–3 decision, the Supreme Court holding that ICJ decisions were not binding in domestic law and that the President had no power to enforce them.<a href="#cite_note-JToobin-50">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-Medellín_case-63">[63]</a> Michael Wayne Haley was arrested for stealing a calculator from Walmart in 1997.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> Because of Haley's previous criminal convictions, he was sentenced to <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style>16+1⁄2 years in prison under the Texas habitual offender law. After Haley had exhausted his appeals, it became known that Haley's robbery offense occurred three days before one of his other convictions was finalized; this raised a question about the applicability of the habitual offender statute in his case. As Solicitor General, Cruz declined to vacate Haley's sentence, saying, "I think justice is being done because he had a full and fair trial and an opportunity to raise his errors."<a href="#cite_note-CunninghamDretkeCase2005-66">[66]</a> The Supreme Court later remanded the case to lower courts based on Haley's <a href="/wiki/Ineffective_assistance_of_counsel" title="Ineffective assistance of counsel">ineffective assistance of counsel</a> claim. During oral argument, Cruz conceded that Haley had a very strong argument for ineffective assistance of counsel since Haley's attorney failed to recognize the sentencing error and that he would not move to have Haley re-incarcerated during the appeal process.<a href="#cite_note-CunninghamDretkeCase2005-66">[66]</a> After remand, Haley was re-sentenced to "time served".<a href="#cite_note-NRO_dretke_v_haley-67">[67]</a> In 2008 <a href="/wiki/The_American_Lawyer" title="The American Lawyer">American Lawyer</a> magazine named Cruz one of the 50 Best Litigators under 45 in America,<a href="#cite_note-TXAGAbbott04092008-54">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-AmLawMed01012007-68">[68]</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_National_Law_Journal" title="The National Law Journal">The National Law Journal</a> named him one of the 50 Most Influential Minority Lawyers in America.<a href="#cite_note-AmLawMed05262008-69">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-AmbrogiAmLawMed05282008-70">[70]</a> In 2010 Texas Lawyer named him one of the 25 Greatest Texas Lawyers of the Past Quarter Century.<a href="#cite_note-AmLawMed06282010-71">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-TexasLawyer-72">[72]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Return_to_private_practice">Return to private practice</h3></div> After leaving the Solicitor General position in 2008, Cruz joined the Houston office of the <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>-based law firm <a href="/wiki/Morgan,_Lewis_%26_Bockius" title="Morgan, Lewis & Bockius">Morgan, Lewis & Bockius</a>, often representing corporate clients.<a href="#cite_note-NYTimesEckholm08012012-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-MorganLew03292011-43">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-PassarellaLaw05062008-73">[73]</a> At Morgan Lewis, he led the firm's U.S. Supreme Court and national appellate litigation practice.<a href="#cite_note-PassarellaLaw05062008-73">[73]</a> In 2010, he abandoned a bid for state attorney general when incumbent Attorney General Greg Abbott, who hired Cruz as solicitor general, decided to run for reelection.<a href="#cite_note-OlsenHousChron10132012-16">[16]</a> At Morgan, Lewis & Bockius, Cruz represented <a href="/wiki/Pfizer" title="Pfizer">Pfizer</a> in a lawsuit brought by a group of public hospitals and community health centers, who accused Pfizer of overcharging.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> <a href="/wiki/Linglong_Tire" title="Linglong Tire">Linglong Tire</a> was found guilty of marketing versions of tires that were based on blueprints stolen by a former employee of a Florida businessman and ordered to pay $26 million to the Floridian. Cruz worked on the Chinese company's appellant brief. The appeals court denied the appeal and affirmed the jury's award.<a href="#cite_note-MotherJones-75">[75]</a> Cruz represented drug manufacturer <a href="/wiki/B._Braun" title="B. Braun">B. Braun</a> before the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Sixth_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit">United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit</a> after the company was found guilty of wrongfully discharging a former employee. Cruz asserted that she had failed to prove that B. Braun had directed her to violate the law and that she had not presented sufficient evidence that her refusal to violate the law was why she had been fired. The appeals court rejected Cruz's argument and affirmed the $880,000 award.<a href="#cite_note-MotherJones-75">[75]</a> Cruz represented <a href="/wiki/Toyota" title="Toyota">Toyota</a> in an appeal to the Texas Supreme Court in a <a href="/wiki/Statute_of_limitations" title="Statute of limitations">statute of limitations</a> case, where a judge wanted to investigate Toyota for <a href="/wiki/Contempt" title="Contempt">contempt</a> after a former Toyota in-house lawyer accused Toyota of unlawfully withholding documents in a <a href="/wiki/Product_liability" title="Product liability">product liability</a> case.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> Cruz unsuccessfully argued the judge's jurisdiction expired 30 days after the case was dismissed following an out-of-court settlement, but later won a second appeal using the same argument.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> Cruz defended two record-setting $54-million personal injury awards in <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a> at the appellate level, including one that a lower court had thrown out.<a href="#cite_note-Corn11Feb-78">[78]</a> He represented a mentally disabled man who was allegedly raped by an employee of the facility where he lived, and the family of a 78-year-old resident of an <a href="/wiki/Albuquerque,_New_Mexico" title="Albuquerque, New Mexico">Albuquerque</a> nursing home who died of internal bleeding.<a href="#cite_note-Corn11Feb-78">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-Williamson20Jan-79">[79]</a> The settlements were sealed in both cases.<a href="#cite_note-Corn11Feb-78">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-Williamson20Jan-79">[79]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="U.S._Senate">U.S. Senate</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Elections">Elections</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2012">2012</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_Senate_election_in_Texas" title="2012 United States Senate election in Texas">2012 United States Senate election in Texas</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2012_United_States_Senate_election_in_Texas_results_map_by_county.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/2012_United_States_Senate_election_in_Texas_results_map_by_county.svg/350px-2012_United_States_Senate_election_in_Texas_results_map_by_county.svg.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="332" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/2012_United_States_Senate_election_in_Texas_results_map_by_county.svg/525px-2012_United_States_Senate_election_in_Texas_results_map_by_county.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/2012_United_States_Senate_election_in_Texas_results_map_by_county.svg/700px-2012_United_States_Senate_election_in_Texas_results_map_by_county.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="769" /></a><figcaption>Final results by county in 2012:</figcaption></figure><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend">  Ted Cruz</div></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  >90%</div></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  80–90%</div></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  70–80%</div></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  60–70%</div></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  50–60%</div></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  40–50%</div> </li></ul> </div> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Paul_Sadler" title="Paul Sadler">Paul Sadler</a></div></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  80–90%</div></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  70–80%</div></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  60–70%</div></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  50–60%</div></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  40–50%</div> </li></ul> </div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ted_Cruz,_official_portrait,_113th_Congress.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Ted_Cruz%2C_official_portrait%2C_113th_Congress.jpg/220px-Ted_Cruz%2C_official_portrait%2C_113th_Congress.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Ted_Cruz%2C_official_portrait%2C_113th_Congress.jpg/330px-Ted_Cruz%2C_official_portrait%2C_113th_Congress.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Ted_Cruz%2C_official_portrait%2C_113th_Congress.jpg/440px-Ted_Cruz%2C_official_portrait%2C_113th_Congress.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="3200" /></a><figcaption>Cruz during the <a href="/wiki/113th_United_States_Congress" title="113th United States Congress">113th Congress</a></figcaption></figure> Cruz ran as a <a href="/wiki/Tea_Party_movement" title="Tea Party movement">Tea Party</a> candidate in the 2012 Republican primary,<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-:4-81">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a> called his victory "the biggest upset of 2012 ... a true grassroots victory against very long odds".<a href="#cite_note-WashPostFix11282012-83">[83]</a> On January 19, 2011, after U.S. Senator <a href="/wiki/Kay_Bailey_Hutchison" title="Kay Bailey Hutchison">Kay Bailey Hutchison</a> said she would not seek reelection, Cruz launched his campaign via a blogger conference call.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> In the Republican primary, he ran against sitting Lieutenant Governor <a href="/wiki/David_Dewhurst" title="David Dewhurst">David Dewhurst</a>. Cruz was endorsed first by former Alaska Governor <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Palin" title="Sarah Palin">Sarah Palin</a><a href="#cite_note-LevyYahoo0510212-85">[85]</a> and then by the <a href="/wiki/Club_for_Growth" title="Club for Growth">Club for Growth</a>, a fiscally conservative political action committee;<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> the <a href="/wiki/FreedomWorks" title="FreedomWorks">FreedomWorks</a> for America <a href="/wiki/Super_PAC" title="Super PAC">super PAC</a>;<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> nationally syndicated radio host <a href="/wiki/Mark_Levin" title="Mark Levin">Mark Levin</a>;<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> <a href="/wiki/Tea_Party_Express" title="Tea Party Express">Tea Party Express</a>;<a href="#cite_note-ShapiroWacoTrib01252012-89">[89]</a> <a href="/wiki/Young_Conservatives_of_Texas" title="Young Conservatives of Texas">Young Conservatives of Texas</a>;<a href="#cite_note-ScharrerSAExpNews01052012-90">[90]</a> and U.S. Senators <a href="/wiki/Tom_Coburn" title="Tom Coburn">Tom Coburn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jim_DeMint" title="Jim DeMint">Jim DeMint</a>,<a href="#cite_note-SullivanHotline11282011-91">[91]</a> <a href="/wiki/Mike_Lee" title="Mike Lee">Mike Lee</a>,<a href="#cite_note-CatanesePolitico03072011-92">[92]</a> <a href="/wiki/Rand_Paul" title="Rand Paul">Rand Paul</a><a href="#cite_note-GravoisFWStar07262011-93">[93]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pat_Toomey" title="Pat Toomey">Pat Toomey</a>.<a href="#cite_note-McKinleyHouChron08012011-94">[94]</a> He was also endorsed by former Texas Congressman <a href="/wiki/Ron_Paul" title="Ron Paul">Ron Paul</a>,<a href="#cite_note-WhittingtonYahoo05072012-95">[95]</a> <a href="/wiki/George_P._Bush" title="George P. Bush">George P. Bush</a>,<a href="#cite_note-DayBeastReinventCruz-53">[53]</a> and former U.S. senator from Pennsylvania <a href="/wiki/Rick_Santorum" title="Rick Santorum">Rick Santorum</a>.<a href="#cite_note-WeissertAP05242012-96">[96]</a> Former Attorney General <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Meese" title="Edwin Meese">Ed Meese</a> served as national chairman of Cruz's campaign.<a href="#cite_note-DayBeastReinventCruz-53">[53]</a> Cruz won the runoff for the Republican nomination by a 14-point margin over Dewhurst, support for Dewhurst having plummeted while Cruz's vote total dramatically increased from the first round.<a href="#cite_note-WeissertHuffPost07312012-97">[97]</a> Cruz won despite being outspent by Dewhurst, who held a statewide elected office,<a href="#cite_note-HartfieldABC07312012-98">[98]</a> $19 million to $7 million.<a href="#cite_note-HartfieldABC07312012-98">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> In the November 6 general election, Cruz faced <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> nominee <a href="/wiki/Paul_Sadler" title="Paul Sadler">Paul Sadler</a>, an attorney and a former state representative from <a href="/wiki/Henderson,_Texas" title="Henderson, Texas">Henderson, Texas</a>. Cruz won with 4.5 million votes (56.4%) to Sadler's 3.2 million (40.6%). Two minor candidates garnered the remaining 3% of the vote.<a href="#cite_note-TXSecOfStateHistRes-100">[100]</a> According to a poll by Cruz's pollster Wilson Perkins Allen Opinion Research, Cruz received 40% of the Hispanic vote, outperforming Republican presidential candidate <a href="/wiki/Mitt_Romney" title="Mitt Romney">Mitt Romney</a> among Hispanics in Texas.<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a><a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> After <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a> magazine reported that Cruz might have violated ethics rules by failing to publicly disclose his financial relationship with Caribbean Equity Partners Investment Holdings during the 2012 campaign, he said his failure to disclose the connection was inadvertent.<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> In January 2016, <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> reported that Cruz and his wife had taken out nearly $1 million in low-interest loans from Goldman Sachs (where she worked) and Citibank, and failed to report them on <a href="/wiki/Federal_Election_Commission" title="Federal Election Commission">Federal Election Commission</a> disclosure statements as required by law.<a href="#cite_note-McIntire13Jan-104">[104]</a> Cruz disclosed the loans on his Senate financial disclosure forms in July 2012, but not on the FEC form.<a href="#cite_note-Mullins-105">[105]</a> There is no indication that Cruz's wife had any role in providing any of the loans, or that the banks did anything wrong.<a href="#cite_note-Mullins-105">[105]</a> The loans were largely repaid by later campaign fundraising. A spokesperson for Cruz said his failure to report the loans to the FEC was "inadvertent" and that he would file supplementary paperwork.<a href="#cite_note-McIntire13Jan-104">[104]</a> But Cruz intentionally missed the deadline for repayment in order to challenge the law that only $250,000 in personal loans can be repaid with money raised after an election. In May 2022, the Supreme Court in <a href="/wiki/FEC_v._Ted_Cruz_for_Senate" title="FEC v. Ted Cruz for Senate">FEC v. Ted Cruz for Senate</a> sided with Cruz, allowing him to ask donors to help repay $555,000 he loaned to his campaigns: $545,000 he loaned to his 2012 campaign, plus $10,000 he loaned to his 2018 campaign that was over the <a href="/wiki/Bipartisan_Campaign_Reform_Act" title="Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act">existing limit of $250,000</a>.<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a><a href="#cite_note-wp22-107">[107]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Cornyn,_Ted_Cruz_and_Kay_Bailey_Hutchison.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/John_Cornyn%2C_Ted_Cruz_and_Kay_Bailey_Hutchison.jpg/220px-John_Cornyn%2C_Ted_Cruz_and_Kay_Bailey_Hutchison.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/John_Cornyn%2C_Ted_Cruz_and_Kay_Bailey_Hutchison.jpg/330px-John_Cornyn%2C_Ted_Cruz_and_Kay_Bailey_Hutchison.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3f/John_Cornyn%2C_Ted_Cruz_and_Kay_Bailey_Hutchison.jpg 2x" data-file-width="333" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption>Cruz in 2012 with his predecessor-to-be (Sen. Hutchison at right) and his future fellow senator from Texas (Sen. Cornyn at left)</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2018">2018</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2018_United_States_Senate_election_in_Texas" title="2018 United States Senate election in Texas">2018 United States Senate election in Texas</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2018_United_States_Senate_election_in_Texas_results_map_by_county.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/2018_United_States_Senate_election_in_Texas_results_map_by_county.svg/350px-2018_United_States_Senate_election_in_Texas_results_map_by_county.svg.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="332" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/2018_United_States_Senate_election_in_Texas_results_map_by_county.svg/525px-2018_United_States_Senate_election_in_Texas_results_map_by_county.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/2018_United_States_Senate_election_in_Texas_results_map_by_county.svg/700px-2018_United_States_Senate_election_in_Texas_results_map_by_county.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="769" /></a><figcaption>Final results by county in 2018:</figcaption></figure><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Ted Cruz</div></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  >90%</div></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  80–90%</div></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  70–80%</div></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  60–70%</div></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  50–60%</div></li></ul> </div> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Beto_O%27Rourke" title="Beto O'Rourke">Beto O'Rourke</a></div></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  70–80%</div></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  60–70%</div></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  50–60%</div></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  40–50%</div> </li></ul> </div> Cruz ran for reelection to a second term in 2018.<a href="#cite_note-cruzfiles-108">[108]</a> The primary elections for both parties were held on March 6, 2018,<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> and he easily won the Republican nomination with over 80% of the vote. Cruz faced the Democratic nominee, U.S. Representative <a href="/wiki/Beto_O%27Rourke" title="Beto O'Rourke">Beto O'Rourke</a>, in the general election.<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> The contest was unusually competitive for an election in Texas, with most polls showing Cruz only slightly ahead. The race received significant media attention<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> and became the most expensive U.S. Senate election in history up to that point<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> (until the <a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%9321_United_States_Senate_special_election_in_Georgia" title="2020–21 United States Senate special election in Georgia">2020–21 Georgia special election</a> between incumbent <a href="/wiki/Kelly_Loeffler" title="Kelly Loeffler">Kelly Loeffler</a> and <a href="/wiki/Raphael_Warnock" title="Raphael Warnock">Raphael Warnock</a>). On November 6, 2018, Cruz defeated O'Rourke by a slim margin, 50.9% to 48.3%.<a href="#cite_note-TXSOS11072018-113">[113]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2024">2024</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2024_United_States_Senate_election_in_Texas" title="2024 United States Senate election in Texas">2024 United States Senate election in Texas</a></div> Cruz ran for a third Senate term.<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> On November 5, he defeated Democratic nominee <a href="/wiki/Colin_Allred" title="Colin Allred">Colin Allred</a>, a former <a href="/wiki/National_Football_League" title="National Football League">NFL</a> player and U.S. representative,<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> 53.1% to 44.5%.<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legislation">Legislation</h3></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Overton.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Overton.jpg/250px-Overton.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Overton.jpg/375px-Overton.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Overton.jpg/500px-Overton.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1398" /></a><figcaption>Cruz presents a U.S. flag to World War II veteran <a href="/wiki/Richard_Arvin_Overton" title="Richard Arvin Overton">Richard Arvin Overton</a> during opening ceremony for outpatient clinic in <a href="/wiki/Austin,_Texas" title="Austin, Texas">Austin</a> on August 22, 2013.</figcaption></figure> As of November 2018, Cruz has sponsored 105 bills of his own, including:<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> <ul><li>S.177, a bill to <a href="/wiki/Efforts_to_repeal_the_Patient_Protection_and_Affordable_Care_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Efforts to repeal the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act">repeal the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act</a> and the health-care related provisions of the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010, introduced January 29, 2013</li> <li>S.505, a bill to prohibit the use of <a href="/wiki/Unmanned_combat_aerial_vehicle" title="Unmanned combat aerial vehicle">drones</a> to kill citizens of the United States within the United States, introduced March 7, 2013</li> <li>S.729 and S. 730, bills to investigate and prosecute felons and fugitives who illegally purchase firearms, and to prevent criminals from obtaining firearms through straw purchases and trafficking, introduced March 15, 2013</li> <li>S.1336, a bill to permit States to require proof of citizenship for registering to vote in federal elections, introduced July 17, 2013</li> <li>S.2170, a bill to increase coal, natural gas, and crude oil exports, to approve the construction of the <a href="/wiki/Keystone_XL_Pipeline" class="mw-redirect" title="Keystone XL Pipeline">Keystone XL Pipeline</a>, to expand oil drilling offshore, onshore, in the <a href="/wiki/National_Petroleum_Reserve%E2%80%93Alaska" title="National Petroleum Reserve–Alaska">National Petroleum Reserve–Alaska</a>, and in Indian reservations, to give states the sole power of regulating <a href="/wiki/Hydraulic_fracturing" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydraulic fracturing">hydraulic fracturing</a>, to repeal the <a href="/wiki/Renewable_Fuel_Standard" class="mw-redirect" title="Renewable Fuel Standard">Renewable Fuel Standard</a>, to prohibit the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency" title="United States Environmental Protection Agency">Environmental Protection Agency</a> (EPA) from regulating <a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_gas" title="Greenhouse gas">greenhouse gases</a>, to require the EPA to assess how new regulations will affect employment, and to earmark natural resource revenue to paying off the federal government's debt, introduced March 27, 2014</li> <li>S.2415, a bill to amend the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Election_Campaign_Act" title="Federal Election Campaign Act">Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971</a> to eliminate all limits on direct campaign contributions to candidates for public office, introduced June 3, 2014</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Government_shutdown_of_2013">Government shutdown of 2013</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original text related to this article: <div style="margin-left: 10px;"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Marathon_speech_against_ObamaCare" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Marathon speech against ObamaCare">Ted Cruz's Obamacare filibuster</a></div></div></div> </div> Cruz had a leading role in the <a href="/wiki/2013_United_States_federal_government_shutdown" title="2013 United States federal government shutdown">2013 United States federal government shutdown</a>.<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a><a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a><a href="#cite_note-FahrentholdZezima-121">[121]</a><a href="#cite_note-RajuShutdown-122">[122]</a> Cruz gave a 21-hour Senate speech in an effort to hold up a federal budget bill and thereby defund the <a href="/wiki/Affordable_Care_Act" title="Affordable Care Act">Affordable Care Act</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FahrentholdZezima-121">[121]</a><a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a><a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> Cruz persuaded the House of Representatives and House Speaker <a href="/wiki/John_Boehner" title="John Boehner">John Boehner</a> to include an ACA defunding provision in the bill.<a href="#cite_note-RajuShutdown-122">[122]</a> In the U.S. Senate, former Majority Leader <a href="/wiki/Harry_Reid" title="Harry Reid">Harry Reid</a> blocked the <a href="/wiki/Filibuster" title="Filibuster">filibuster</a> attempt because only 18 Republican senators supported the filibuster.<a href="#cite_note-RajuShutdown-122">[122]</a> During the filibuster he read <a href="/wiki/Green_Eggs_and_Ham" title="Green Eggs and Ham">Green Eggs and Ham</a> by <a href="/wiki/Dr._Seuss" title="Dr. Seuss">Dr. Seuss</a>.<a href="#cite_note-GreenEggs-125">[125]</a> To supporters, the move "signaled the depth of Cruz's commitment to rein in government".<a href="#cite_note-FahrentholdZezima-121">[121]</a> This move was extremely popular among Cruz supporters, with Rick Manning of <a href="/wiki/Americans_for_Limited_Government" title="Americans for Limited Government">Americans for Limited Government</a> naming Cruz "2013 Person of the Year" in an op-ed in <a href="/wiki/The_Hill_(newspaper)" title="The Hill (newspaper)">The Hill</a>, primarily for his filibuster against the Affordable Care Act.<a href="#cite_note-ManningTheHill12272013-126">[126]</a> Cruz was also named "2013 Man of the Year" by conservative publications <a href="/wiki/TheBlaze" class="mw-redirect" title="TheBlaze">TheBlaze</a>,<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_American_Spectator" title="The American Spectator">The American Spectator</a>,<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> "2013 Conservative of the Year" by <a href="/wiki/Townhall" title="Townhall">Townhall</a>,<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a> and "2013 Statesman of the Year" by the Republican Party of <a href="/wiki/Sarasota_County,_Florida" title="Sarasota County, Florida">Sarasota County, Florida</a>.<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a><a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> He was a finalist for <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a> magazine's <a href="/wiki/Time_Person_of_the_Year" title="Time Person of the Year">"Person of the Year"</a> in 2013.<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> To critics, including some Republican colleagues<a href="#cite_note-RajuShutdown-122">[122]</a> such as Senator <a href="/wiki/Lindsey_Graham" title="Lindsey Graham">Lindsey Graham</a>, the move was ineffective.<a href="#cite_note-FahrentholdZezima-121">[121]</a> Cruz has consistently denied any involvement in the 2013 government shutdown, even though he cast several votes to prolong it and was blamed by many within his own party for prompting it.<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a><a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="S._2195">S. 2195</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Public_Law_113-100" title="Public Law 113-100">Public Law 113-100</a></div> On April 1, 2014, Cruz introduced S. 2195, a bill that would allow the <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">president of the United States</a> to deny <a href="/wiki/Visa_(document)" class="mw-redirect" title="Visa (document)">visas</a> to any ambassador to the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> who has been found to have been engaged in <a href="/wiki/Espionage" title="Espionage">espionage</a> or <a href="/wiki/Terrorism" title="Terrorism">terrorist</a> activity against the United States or its allies and may pose a threat to U.S. national security interests.<a href="#cite_note-2195sum-135">[135]</a> The bill was written in response to <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>'s choice of <a href="/wiki/Hamid_Aboutalebi" title="Hamid Aboutalebi">Hamid Aboutalebi</a> as its ambassador to the UN.<a href="#cite_note-Congressapproves-136">[136]</a> Aboutalebi was involved in the <a href="/wiki/Iran_hostage_crisis" title="Iran hostage crisis">Iran hostage crisis</a>, in which of a number of American diplomats from the <a href="/wiki/Embassy_of_the_United_States,_Tehran" title="Embassy of the United States, Tehran">Embassy of the United States, Tehran</a> were held captive in 1979.<a href="#cite_note-Congressapproves-136">[136]</a><a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a><a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a> Under the headline "A bipartisan message to Iran", Cruz thanked President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> for signing S. 2195 into law. The letter, published in the magazine <a href="/wiki/Politico" title="Politico">Politico</a> on April 18, 2014, starts with "Thanks to President Obama for joining a unanimous Congress and signing S. 2195 into law". Cruz also thanked senators from both political parties for "swiftly passing this legislation and sending it to the White House".<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a><a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a><a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Committee_assignments">Committee assignments</h3></div> In his first two years in the Senate, Cruz attended 17 of 50 public Armed Services Committee hearings, 3 of 25 Commerce Committee hearings, and 4 of the 12 Judiciary Committee hearings, and he missed 21 of 135 roll call votes during the first three months of 2015.<a href="#cite_note-POLITICO.tedcruz-142">[142]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Current">Current</h4></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sen_Ted_Cruz_and_Carlos_Vecchio_after_Guaido%27s_visit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Sen_Ted_Cruz_and_Carlos_Vecchio_after_Guaido%27s_visit.jpg/200px-Sen_Ted_Cruz_and_Carlos_Vecchio_after_Guaido%27s_visit.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="244" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Sen_Ted_Cruz_and_Carlos_Vecchio_after_Guaido%27s_visit.jpg/300px-Sen_Ted_Cruz_and_Carlos_Vecchio_after_Guaido%27s_visit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Sen_Ted_Cruz_and_Carlos_Vecchio_after_Guaido%27s_visit.jpg/400px-Sen_Ted_Cruz_and_Carlos_Vecchio_after_Guaido%27s_visit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1682" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>Cruz with <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuelan</a> Chargé d'Affaires <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Vecchio" title="Carlos Vecchio">Carlos Vecchio</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Commerce,_Science,_and_Transportation" title="United States Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation">Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Commerce_Subcommittee_on_Aviation_Safety,_Operations,_and_Innovation" title="United States Senate Commerce Subcommittee on Aviation Safety, Operations, and Innovation">Subcommittee on Aviation Safety, Operations, and Innovation (Ranking)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Commerce_Subcommittee_on_Communications,_Media,_and_Broadband" title="United States Senate Commerce Subcommittee on Communications, Media, and Broadband">Subcommittee on Communications, Media, and Broadband</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Commerce_Subcommittee_on_Oceans,_Fisheries,_Climate_Change_and_Manufacturing" title="United States Senate Commerce Subcommittee on Oceans, Fisheries, Climate Change and Manufacturing">Subcommittee on Oceans, Fisheries, Climate Change, and Manufacturing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Commerce_Subcommittee_on_Space_and_Science" title="United States Senate Commerce Subcommittee on Space and Science">Subcommittee on Space and Science</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Foreign_Relations" title="United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations">Committee on Foreign Relations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Foreign_Relations_Subcommittee_on_East_Asia,_The_Pacific,_and_International_Cybersecurity_Policy" title="United States Senate Foreign Relations Subcommittee on East Asia, The Pacific, and International Cybersecurity Policy">Subcommittee on East Asia, the Pacific, and International Cybersecurity Policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Foreign_Relations_Subcommittee_on_Near_East,_South_Asia,_Central_Asia,_and_Counterterrorism" title="United States Senate Foreign Relations Subcommittee on Near East, South Asia, Central Asia, and Counterterrorism">Subcommittee on Near East, South Asia, Central Asia, and Counterterrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Foreign_Relations_Subcommittee_on_State_Department_and_USAID_Management,_International_Operations,_and_Bilateral_International_Development" title="United States Senate Foreign Relations Subcommittee on State Department and USAID Management, International Operations, and Bilateral International Development">Subcommittee on State Department and USAID Management, International Operations, and Bilateral International Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Foreign_Relations_Subcommittee_on_Western_Hemisphere,_Transnational_Crime,_Civilian_Security,_Democracy,_Human_Rights,_and_Global_Women%27s_Issues" title="United States Senate Foreign Relations Subcommittee on Western Hemisphere, Transnational Crime, Civilian Security, Democracy, Human Rights, and Global Women's Issues">Subcommittee on Western Hemisphere, Transnational Crime, Civilian Security, Democracy, Human Rights, and Global Women's Issues</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Rules_and_Administration" title="United States Senate Committee on Rules and Administration">Committee on Rules and Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_the_Judiciary" title="United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary">Committee on the Judiciary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Judiciary_Subcommittee_on_Criminal_Justice_and_Counterterrorism" title="United States Senate Judiciary Subcommittee on Criminal Justice and Counterterrorism">Subcommittee on Criminal Justice and Counterterrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Judiciary_Subcommittee_on_Federal_Courts,_Oversight,_Agency_Action_and_Federal_Rights" title="United States Senate Judiciary Subcommittee on Federal Courts, Oversight, Agency Action and Federal Rights">Subcommittee on Federal Courts, Oversight, Agency Action, and Federal Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Judiciary_Subcommittee_on_Immigration,_Citizenship_and_Border_Safety" title="United States Senate Judiciary Subcommittee on Immigration, Citizenship and Border Safety">Subcommittee on Immigration, Citizenship, and Border Safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Judiciary_Subcommittee_on_the_Constitution" title="United States Senate Judiciary Subcommittee on the Constitution">Subcommittee on the Constitution (Ranking)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Congressional_Joint_Economic_Committee" title="United States Congressional Joint Economic Committee">Joint Economic Committee</a><a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Previous">Previous</h4></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Armed_Services" title="United States Senate Committee on Armed Services">Committee on Armed Services</a> (2013–2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Special_Committee_on_Aging" title="United States Senate Special Committee on Aging">Special Committee on Aging</a> (2013–2015)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Comments_on_President_Obama">Comments on President Obama</h3></div> In a November 2014 Senate speech, Cruz accused President Obama of being "openly desirous to destroy the Constitution and this Republic".<a href="#cite_note-JesseWeiner-144">[144]</a> In the same speech, Cruz invoked the speeches of the ancient <a href="/wiki/Roman_Senate" title="Roman Senate">Roman senator</a> <a href="/wiki/Cicero" title="Cicero">Cicero</a> <a href="/wiki/Catiline_Orations" class="mw-redirect" title="Catiline Orations">against Catiline</a> to denounce Obama's planned executive actions on immigration reform.<a href="#cite_note-JesseWeiner-144">[144]</a> Classics Professor Jesse Weiner, writing in <a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic" title="The Atlantic">The Atlantic</a>, said that Cruz's analogy was "deeply disquieting" because "In casting Obama in the role of Catiline, Cruz unsubtly suggests that the sitting president was not lawfully elected and is the perpetrator of a violent insurrection to overthrow the government ... In effect, he accuses the president of high treason. Regardless of one's views on immigration reform and the Obama administration at large, this is dangerous rhetoric."<a href="#cite_note-JesseWeiner-144">[144]</a> Cruz has repeatedly said that the 2015 international nuclear agreement with Iran "will make the Obama administration the world's leading financier of radical Islamic terrorism".<a href="#cite_note-Collins-145">[145]</a> In response, Obama called Cruz's statements an example of "outrageous attacks" from Republican critics that crossed the line of responsible discourse: "We've had a sitting senator, who also happens to be running for President, suggest that I'm the leading state sponsor of terrorism. Maybe this is just an effort to push Mr. Trump out of the headlines, but it's not the kind of leadership that is needed for America right now."<a href="#cite_note-Collins-145">[145]</a> Former Republican presidential nominee <a href="/wiki/Mitt_Romney" title="Mitt Romney">Mitt Romney</a> also criticized Cruz's remarks, writing that although he, too, opposed the Iran agreement, Cruz's statement connecting Obama to terrorism was "way over the line" and "hurts the cause".<a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a><a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a> After the death of <a href="/wiki/Associate_Justice_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States">Associate Justice</a> <a href="/wiki/Antonin_Scalia" title="Antonin Scalia">Antonin Scalia</a>, Cruz said that the winner of the <a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="2016 United States presidential election">2016 U.S. presidential election</a>, rather than Obama, should appoint a new Justice.<a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a> In June 2016, Cruz blamed the Obama administration for the <a href="/wiki/Orlando_nightclub_shooting" class="mw-redirect" title="Orlando nightclub shooting">Orlando nightclub shooting</a>, reasoning that it did not track the perpetrator <a href="/wiki/Omar_Mateen" title="Omar Mateen">Omar Mateen</a> properly while he was on the terrorist watch-list.<a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a> Following the <a href="/wiki/2016_Nice_truck_attack" title="2016 Nice truck attack">terrorist attack</a> on <a href="/wiki/Nice,_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Nice, France">Nice, France</a>, Cruz said in a statement that the country was at risk as a result of the Obama administration having a "willful blindness" to radical Islamists.<a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a> With the death of <a href="/wiki/Fidel_Castro" title="Fidel Castro">Fidel Castro</a> in November, Cruz charged Obama with celebrating and lionizing Castro in public statements he made addressing the death.<a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a> On December 28, after <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of State">Secretary of State</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">John Kerry</a> gave a speech defending the U.S.'s decision to allow a U.N. resolution to pass that condemned Israeli settlements "on land meant to be part of a future Palestinian state", Cruz denounced the speech as "disgraceful", and said that history would remember Obama and Kerry as "relentless enemies of Israel". Cruz also accused the Obama administration of having a "radical anti-Israel agenda".<a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relationship_with_Donald_Trump">Relationship with Donald Trump</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Trump_and_the_First_Lady_in_El_Paso,_Texas_(48485015661).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/President_Trump_and_the_First_Lady_in_El_Paso%2C_Texas_%2848485015661%29.jpg/260px-President_Trump_and_the_First_Lady_in_El_Paso%2C_Texas_%2848485015661%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/President_Trump_and_the_First_Lady_in_El_Paso%2C_Texas_%2848485015661%29.jpg/390px-President_Trump_and_the_First_Lady_in_El_Paso%2C_Texas_%2848485015661%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/President_Trump_and_the_First_Lady_in_El_Paso%2C_Texas_%2848485015661%29.jpg/520px-President_Trump_and_the_First_Lady_in_El_Paso%2C_Texas_%2848485015661%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2800" data-file-height="1867" /></a><figcaption>Cruz and then-President <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> in 2019</figcaption></figure>Cruz was one of <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a>'s most vocal critics during the 2016 presidential campaign, with the two often exchanging heated comments directed at each other, and Cruz's family.<a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a> But he eventually became an important ally of Trump's in the Senate.<a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a><a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a> Cruz said to journalists of Donald Trump: "I wake up every day and laugh at the latest thing Donald has tweeted, because he’s losing it. We need a commander in chief, not a Twitterer in chief. We need someone with judgment and the temperament to keep this country safe."<a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a> In late January 2017, Cruz praised Supreme Court nominee <a href="/wiki/Neil_Gorsuch" title="Neil Gorsuch">Neil Gorsuch</a> as "brilliant and immensely talented" in a written statement.<a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a> On February 23, while speaking at the 2017 <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Political_Action_Conference" title="Conservative Political Action Conference">CPAC</a>, Cruz showed interest in Trump's nomination of a young justice in the mold of Scalia and <a href="/wiki/Clarence_Thomas" title="Clarence Thomas">Clarence Thomas</a>.<a href="#cite_note-158">[158]</a> On March 1, he called Trump's <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_speech_to_joint_session_of_Congress,_February_2017" class="mw-redirect" title="Donald Trump speech to joint session of Congress, February 2017">joint address to Congress</a> the previous day "positive" and "unifying".<a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a> Cruz said that during his visit to the <a href="/wiki/Mar-a-Lago" title="Mar-a-Lago">Mar-a-Lago</a> estate on March 18, he spoke with affiliates of Trump while negotiating the <a href="/wiki/American_Health_Care_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="American Health Care Act">American Health Care Act</a>.<a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a> On April 6, shortly after the <a href="/wiki/2017_Shayrat_missile_strike" title="2017 Shayrat missile strike">Shayrat missile strike</a>, he released a statement displaying his interest in having Trump appeal to Congress to take "military action in <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>" to prevent Islamic terrorists from acquiring weapons stored in Syria.<a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a> In April 2018, in the copy accompanying Trump's entry on the <a href="/wiki/Time_100" title="Time 100">Time 100</a> most influential people of 2017, Cruz wrote, "President Trump is doing what he was elected to do: disrupt the status quo."<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-162">[162]</a> Cruz's authorship was criticized by Charles Pierce of <a href="/wiki/Esquire_(magazine)" title="Esquire (magazine)">Esquire</a>,<a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a> Jay Willis of <a href="/wiki/GQ" title="GQ">GQ</a>,<a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a> and CNN's <a href="/wiki/Chris_Cillizza" title="Chris Cillizza">Chris Cillizza</a>.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-162">[162]</a> Cruz endorsed Trump for the Republican nomination in the 2024 presidential election.<a href="#cite_note-165">[165]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Friction_with_fellow_Republican_members_of_Congress">Friction with fellow Republican members of Congress</h3></div> Cruz has used harsh rhetoric against fellow Republican politicians, and his relationships with various Republican members of Congress have been strained.<a href="#cite_note-RachelWeiner-166">[166]</a><a href="#cite_note-John-167">[167]</a> In 2013, he called Republicans he considered insufficiently resistant to Obama's proposals a "surrender caucus".<a href="#cite_note-RachelWeiner-166">[166]</a> He also called fellow Republicans "squishes" on gun-control issues during a Tea Party rally.<a href="#cite_note-RachelWeiner-166">[166]</a> Cruz's role in the United States federal government shutdown of 2013 in particular attracted criticism from a number of Republican colleagues.<a href="#cite_note-John-167">[167]</a> Republican Senator <a href="/wiki/John_McCain" title="John McCain">John McCain</a> was reported to have particularly disliked Cruz; in a Senate floor speech in 2013, McCain denounced Cruz's <a href="/wiki/Reductio_ad_Hitlerum" title="Reductio ad Hitlerum">reference to Nazis</a> when discussing the <a href="/wiki/Affordable_Care_Act" title="Affordable Care Act">Affordable Care Act</a>.<a href="#cite_note-John-167">[167]</a> In March 2013, McCain also called Cruz and others "wacko birds" whose beliefs are not "reflective of the views of the majority of Republicans".<a href="#cite_note-John-167">[167]</a> During the 2016 Republican presidential primaries, John Boehner described Cruz as "Lucifer in the flesh";<a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a> in an interview, Lindsey Graham said, "If you killed Ted Cruz on the floor of the Senate, and the trial was in the Senate, nobody would convict you."<a href="#cite_note-169">[169]</a> In a heated Senate floor speech in July 2015, Cruz accused Senate Republican Leader <a href="/wiki/Mitch_McConnell" title="Mitch McConnell">Mitch McConnell</a> of telling "a flat-out lie" over his intentions to reauthorize the <a href="/wiki/Export-Import_Bank_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Export-Import Bank of the United States">Export-Import Bank of the United States</a>, which Cruz opposes. "What we just saw today was an absolute demonstration that not only what he told every Republican senator, but what he told the press over and over and over again was a simple lie", Cruz said.<a href="#cite_note-Morgan&Cowan-170">[170]</a> His "incendiary outburst" was "unusual in the cordial atmosphere of the Senate", according to <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Morgan&Cowan-170">[170]</a><a href="#cite_note-Raju-171">[171]</a> In the same speech, Cruz assailed the "Republican majority in both houses of Congresses" for what he called an insufficiently conservative record.<a href="#cite_note-Raju-171">[171]</a> His speech, and especially his accusation against McConnell, was condemned by various senior Republican senators, with McCain saying that the speech was "outside the realm of Senate behavior" and "a very wrong thing to do".<a href="#cite_note-172">[172]</a> <a href="/wiki/Orrin_Hatch" title="Orrin Hatch">Orrin Hatch</a> expressed a similar opinion: "I don't condone the use of that kind of language against another senator unless they can show definitive proof that there was a lie ... And I know the leader didn't lie."<a href="#cite_note-173">[173]</a> Cruz alleged that McConnell scheduled a vote on the Ex-Im Bank as part of a deal to persuade Democrats like <a href="/wiki/Maria_Cantwell" title="Maria Cantwell">Maria Cantwell</a> to stop blocking a trade bill; McConnell denied there was any "deal", and that denial was what Cruz called a "lie". Hatch said McConnell did pledge to help Cantwell get a vote on the Ex-Im Bank.<a href="#cite_note-174">[174]</a> Among Cruz's few close allies in the Senate is <a href="/wiki/Mike_Lee" title="Mike Lee">Mike Lee</a> of Utah.<a href="#cite_note-175">[175]</a><a href="#cite_note-176">[176]</a> Cruz has expressed pride in his reputation for having few allies, saying in June 2015 that he has been vilified for fighting "the Washington cartel".<a href="#cite_note-177">[177]</a> When Boehner resigned from the House in September 2015, Cruz expressed his concern that before resigning Boehner might have "cut a deal with Nancy Pelosi to fund the Obama administration for the rest of its tenure".<a href="#cite_note-178">[178]</a> The next month, the budget agreement passed in the House by a vote of 266 to 187, with unanimous support from Democrats and Boehner, lifting the debt ceiling through March 2017. Cruz called the agreement "complete and utter surrender".<a href="#cite_note-179">[179]</a> Cruz is one of the Senate Republicans in favor of the "nuclear option", "to speed up consideration of President Trump's nominees". Changing the Senate's rules to a simple majority vote would "ensure a quicker pace on Trump's court picks".<a href="#cite_note-180">[180]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="U.S._Supreme_Court">U.S. Supreme Court</h3></div> In September 2020, Trump included Cruz on a <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_Supreme_Court_candidates" title="Donald Trump Supreme Court candidates">shortlist</a>, alongside fellow Senators <a href="/wiki/Tom_Cotton" title="Tom Cotton">Tom Cotton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Josh_Hawley" title="Josh Hawley">Josh Hawley</a>, for possible appointment to the Supreme Court. Cruz declined consideration for the position.<a href="#cite_note-181">[181]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2020_presidential_election">2020 presidential election</h3></div> Cruz backed a failed appeal to the U.S. Supreme Court attempting to <a href="/wiki/Stop_the_Steal" class="mw-redirect" title="Stop the Steal">overturn or nullify</a> the <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election_in_Pennsylvania" title="2020 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania">2020 presidential election in Pennsylvania</a> filed by U.S. Representative <a href="/wiki/Mike_Kelly_(Pennsylvania_politician)" title="Mike Kelly (Pennsylvania politician)">Mike Kelly</a>, which argued that the <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Constitution" title="Pennsylvania Constitution">Pennsylvania Constitution</a> requires in-person voting except in narrow and defined circumstances; the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Pennsylvania" title="Supreme Court of Pennsylvania">Supreme Court of Pennsylvania</a> had already rejected this argument.<a href="#cite_note-182">[182]</a><a href="#cite_note-183">[183]</a><a href="#cite_note-184">[184]</a> The U.S. Supreme Court declined to take up the case or issue an injunction and Pennsylvania's Electoral College votes were cast for Joe Biden.<a href="#cite_note-Gazette-185">[185]</a> Cruz later led an effort by a group of Republican senators to refuse to count Pennsylvania's <a href="/wiki/United_States_Electoral_College" title="United States Electoral College">Electoral College</a> votes,<a href="#cite_note-186">[186]</a><a href="#cite_note-187">[187]</a> citing baseless allegations of fraud.<a href="#cite_note-188">[188]</a> He attacked critics of his attempts to challenge the election results for using "angry language", suggesting that they were increasing tensions amid a volatile situation.<a href="#cite_note-TedCruzSaysCalmDown-189">[189]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Electoral_College_vote_count_and_storming_of_the_United_States_Capitol">Electoral College vote count and storming of the United States Capitol</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/2021_United_States_Electoral_College_vote_count" title="2021 United States Electoral College vote count">2021 United States Electoral College vote count</a> and <a href="/wiki/2021_storming_of_the_United_States_Capitol" class="mw-redirect" title="2021 storming of the United States Capitol">2021 storming of the United States Capitol</a></div> As part of the <a href="/wiki/Attempts_to_overturn_the_2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election">attempts to overturn the 2020 presidential election</a> that Trump lost, Texas attorney general <a href="/wiki/Ken_Paxton" title="Ken Paxton">Ken Paxton</a> filed <a href="/wiki/Texas_v._Pennsylvania" title="Texas v. Pennsylvania">a suit</a> with the U.S. Supreme Court, seeking to have election results in four states nullified. Cruz, who had previously argued nine cases before the Supreme Court, agreed to Trump's request to argue the Paxton suit should it come before the Court, though it did not. Cruz also garnered the support of ten other senators for a plan by his decades-long friend, Trump attorney <a href="/wiki/John_Eastman" title="John Eastman">John Eastman</a>, to delay the January 6 electoral vote certification for ten days to allow Republican legislatures in six key states Biden had won to consider submitting slates of Trump electors, based on false allegations of widespread voting fraud. Cruz said he was he was "leading the charge" to prevent Biden's certification as president.<a href="#cite_note-190">[190]</a><a href="#cite_note-191">[191]</a> On January 6, 2021, during the debate about whether Congress should accept Arizona's electoral votes, Cruz said that 39% of Americans believed the 2020 presidential election was rigged, but that "I am not arguing for setting aside the result of this election".<a href="#cite_note-Bump210106-192">[192]</a> Some observers think Cruz knew claims about fraud in the election were inaccurate and that this speech and his earlier statements were attempts to mislead for political gain.<a href="#cite_note-Bump210106-192">[192]</a> There are also concerns that he misrepresented the percentage of those concerned about rigging, with the correct number being 28%.<a href="#cite_note-193">[193]</a><a href="#cite_note-194">[194]</a> Congress's counting of the Electoral College votes was interrupted by an <a href="/wiki/Insurrection" class="mw-redirect" title="Insurrection">insurrectionist</a> mob that <a href="/wiki/2021_storming_of_the_United_States_Capitol" class="mw-redirect" title="2021 storming of the United States Capitol">stormed the United States Capitol</a> after a rally near the White House. The attack resulted in the deaths of five people, including a police officer.<a href="#cite_note-195">[195]</a> When Congress reconvened that evening to continue the count, Cruz voted to object to Arizona's and Pennsylvania's electoral votes.<a href="#cite_note-196">[196]</a> The Senate rejected these objections by 93–6 and 92–7, respectively.<a href="#cite_note-197">[197]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Texas_Democratic_Party" title="Texas Democratic Party">Texas Democratic Party</a> called on Cruz to resign, saying that his efforts to block Biden's lawful victory empowered the Trump supporters who stormed the Capitol.<a href="#cite_note-198">[198]</a> The Texas Democratic Party also called on the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice" title="United States Department of Justice">U.S. Department of Justice</a> to open an official investigation into Cruz for inciting sedition and treason.<a href="#cite_note-199">[199]</a><a href="#cite_note-200">[200]</a><a href="#cite_note-201">[201]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Houston_Chronicle" title="Houston Chronicle">Houston Chronicle</a> called for Cruz to resign.<a href="#cite_note-202">[202]</a> The <a href="/wiki/San_Antonio_Express-News" title="San Antonio Express-News">San Antonio Express-News</a> called for Cruz to be <a href="/wiki/Expulsion_from_the_United_States_Congress" title="Expulsion from the United States Congress">expelled</a> from the Senate.<a href="#cite_note-203">[203]</a> Thousands of lawyers and law students called for him to be disbarred for inciting the insurrection.<a href="#cite_note-204">[204]</a> President-elect Biden and Republican senator <a href="/wiki/Pat_Toomey" title="Pat Toomey">Pat Toomey</a> both said Cruz was complicit in the "<a href="/wiki/Big_lie" title="Big lie">big lie</a>" of Trump's allegations of <a href="/wiki/Voter_fraud" class="mw-redirect" title="Voter fraud">voter fraud</a>.<a href="#cite_note-205">[205]</a> Republican operative Chad Sweet, the chair of Cruz's 2016 presidential campaign, denounced Cruz for "assault on our democracy."<a href="#cite_note-206">[206]</a> Several corporations halted donations to Cruz and other Republicans who voted to overturn the election based on Trump's false claims.<a href="#cite_note-207">[207]</a><a href="#cite_note-208">[208]</a><a href="#cite_note-theguardian-riot-209">[209]</a> Lauren Blair Bianchi, Cruz's communications director, resigned.<a href="#cite_note-210">[210]</a> On May 28, 2021, Cruz voted against creating <a href="/wiki/January_6_commission" title="January 6 commission">an independent commission to investigate the riot</a>.<a href="#cite_note-211">[211]</a> On the eve of the anniversary of the attack, he was recorded on video calling it a "violent terrorist attack", which drew sharp criticism from Fox News host <a href="/wiki/Tucker_Carlson" title="Tucker Carlson">Tucker Carlson</a> on his program that night. Cruz appeared on Carlson's program the next night to apologize for that comment as "frankly dumb" and "sloppy." The next day CNN reported that Cruz had characterized the attack as terrorism at least 17 times during the preceding year.<a href="#cite_note-212">[212]</a><a href="#cite_note-213">[213]</a><a href="#cite_note-214">[214]</a> Despite his attempts to downplay the incident, Cruz was widely condemned by <a href="/wiki/Pro-Trump" class="mw-redirect" title="Pro-Trump">pro-Trump</a> Republicans—especially <a href="/wiki/Matt_Gaetz" title="Matt Gaetz">Matt Gaetz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marjorie_Taylor_Greene" title="Marjorie Taylor Greene">Marjorie Taylor Greene</a><a href="#cite_note-215">[215]</a>—for his comments. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cancún_controversy">Cancún controversy</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/2021_Texas_power_crisis" title="2021 Texas power crisis">2021 Texas power crisis</a></div> In February 2021, during a <a href="/wiki/February_13%E2%80%9317,_2021_North_American_winter_storm" title="February 13–17, 2021 North American winter storm">historic winter storm</a>, up to 4.3 million Texas residents were left without power and millions of others without drinking water, including Cruz and his family. In the middle of the storm, Cruz and his family were spotted on a plane heading to <a href="/wiki/Canc%C3%BAn,_Mexico" class="mw-redirect" title="Cancún, Mexico">Cancún, Mexico</a>, where they planned to stay at the luxury <a href="/wiki/Ritz_Carlton" class="mw-redirect" title="Ritz Carlton">Ritz Carlton</a> hotel and escape their home, which Heidi Cruz called in a text message "FREEZING".<a href="#cite_note-Goldmacher-216">[216]</a><a href="#cite_note-Barrabi-217">[217]</a><a href="#cite_note-218">[218]</a> Cruz requested that the Houston police escort him and his family through the airport.<a href="#cite_note-219">[219]</a> Cruz left the family poodle, Snowflake, alone inside the house without heat; reporters saw the dog through the window of the front door of the dark and empty house.<a href="#cite_note-220">[220]</a> Later, a self-identified security guard told a reporter he was caring for the dog.<a href="#cite_note-221">[221]</a> Cruz's political allies and rivals condemned him for leaving Texas during a crisis and traveling internationally during the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Goldmacher-216">[216]</a> Cruz initially said he was taking his daughters on a weeklong vacation from school at their request, in an attempt to be a "good dad".<a href="#cite_note-222">[222]</a> Later that day, he returned to Texas, after allowing his family to stay in Mexico, saying that the vacation was a mistake.<a href="#cite_note-223">[223]</a> Protesters calling for his resignation greeted him in front of his house upon his return.<a href="#cite_note-224">[224]</a> After returning from Cancún, Cruz volunteered in <a href="/wiki/Houston" title="Houston">Houston</a> to help with recovery efforts.<a href="#cite_note-225">[225]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="2016_presidential_campaign">2016 presidential campaign</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Ted_Cruz_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Ted Cruz 2016 presidential campaign">Ted Cruz 2016 presidential campaign</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="2016 United States presidential election">2016 United States presidential election</a> and <a href="/wiki/2016_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2016 Republican Party presidential primaries">2016 Republican Party presidential primaries</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ted_Cruz_by_Gage_Skidmore_5.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Ted_Cruz_by_Gage_Skidmore_5.jpg/220px-Ted_Cruz_by_Gage_Skidmore_5.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Ted_Cruz_by_Gage_Skidmore_5.jpg/330px-Ted_Cruz_by_Gage_Skidmore_5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Ted_Cruz_by_Gage_Skidmore_5.jpg/440px-Ted_Cruz_by_Gage_Skidmore_5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5616" data-file-height="3744" /></a><figcaption>Cruz speaking at the 2014 Conservative Political Action Conference (CPAC) in National Harbor, Maryland</figcaption></figure> As early as 2013, Cruz was widely expected to run for the presidency in 2016.<a href="#cite_note-contender-226">[226]</a><a href="#cite_note-227">[227]</a><a href="#cite_note-228">[228]</a> On March 14, 2013, he gave the keynote speech at the annual <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Political_Action_Conference" title="Conservative Political Action Conference">Conservative Political Action Conference</a> (CPAC) in Washington DC.<a href="#cite_note-RomanoPolitico03142013-229">[229]</a> He tied for 7th place in the 2013 CPAC straw poll on March 16, winning 4% of the votes cast.<a href="#cite_note-230">[230]</a> In October 2013, Cruz won the <a href="/wiki/Values_Voter_Summit" title="Values Voter Summit">Values Voter Summit</a> presidential straw poll with 42% of the vote.<a href="#cite_note-231">[231]</a> Cruz finished first in two presidential straw polls conducted in 2014 with 30.33% of the vote at the <a href="/wiki/Republican_Leadership_Conference" title="Republican Leadership Conference">Republican Leadership Conference</a><a href="#cite_note-232">[232]</a> and 43% of the vote at the <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_of_Texas" title="Republican Party of Texas">Republican Party of Texas</a> state convention.<a href="#cite_note-233">[233]</a> Cruz did speaking events in mid-2013 across Iowa, New Hampshire, and South Carolina, all early <a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_primary" title="United States presidential primary">primary states</a>, leading to further speculation that he was laying the groundwork for a <a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="2016 United States presidential election">2016 bid</a>.<a href="#cite_note-KilloughCNN07212013-234">[234]</a> Legal analyst <a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Toobin" title="Jeffrey Toobin">Jeffrey Toobin</a> described Cruz as the first potential presidential candidate to emphasize <a href="/wiki/Originalism" title="Originalism">originalism</a> as a major national issue.<a href="#cite_note-JToobin-50">[50]</a> On April 12, 2014, Cruz spoke at the Freedom Summit, an event organized by <a href="/wiki/Americans_for_Prosperity" title="Americans for Prosperity">Americans for Prosperity</a> and <a href="/wiki/Citizens_United_(organization)" title="Citizens United (organization)">Citizens United</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FreedomSummit-235">[235]</a> The event was attended by several potential presidential candidates.<a href="#cite_note-236">[236]</a> In his speech, Cruz mentioned that Latinos, young people and single mothers are the people most affected by the recession, and that the Republican Party should make outreach efforts to these constituents. He also said that the words "growth and opportunity" should be tattooed on the hands of every Republican politician.<a href="#cite_note-FreedomSummit-235">[235]</a> Cruz delivered one of many State of the Union responses in January 2015.<a href="#cite_note-237">[237]</a> On March 23, 2015, Cruz started his 2016 presidential campaign for the Republican primaries and caucuses, in a morning speech delivered at <a href="/wiki/Liberty_University" title="Liberty University">Liberty University</a> in <a href="/wiki/Lynchburg,_Virginia" title="Lynchburg, Virginia">Lynchburg, Virginia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-238">[238]</a> Also, at the same hour, he posted on his Twitter page: "I'm running for President and I hope to earn your support!"<a href="#cite_note-239">[239]</a> He was the first major Republican presidential candidate for the <a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="2016 United States presidential election">2016 campaign</a>.<a href="#cite_note-HousChronSchleifer032120152-240">[240]</a><a href="#cite_note-CorasanitiNYT03232015-241">[241]</a> During the primary campaign, his base of support was mainly among <a href="/wiki/Social_conservative" class="mw-redirect" title="Social conservative">social conservatives</a>, though he had crossover appeal to other factions within his party, including in particular <a href="/wiki/Libertarian_conservatism" title="Libertarian conservatism">libertarian conservatives</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ZitnerWSJ01042016-242">[242]</a><a href="#cite_note-243">[243]</a> <a href="/wiki/HarperCollins" title="HarperCollins">HarperCollins</a> published Cruz's book A Time for Truth: Reigniting the Promise of America on June 30, 2015.<a href="#cite_note-244">[244]</a> The book reached the bestseller list of several organizations in its first week of release.<a href="#cite_note-245">[245]</a><a href="#cite_note-246">[246]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Primary_wins">Primary wins</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:US_Senator_of_Texas_Ted_Cruz_at_FITN_in_Nashua,_NH_07.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/US_Senator_of_Texas_Ted_Cruz_at_FITN_in_Nashua%2C_NH_07.jpg/170px-US_Senator_of_Texas_Ted_Cruz_at_FITN_in_Nashua%2C_NH_07.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/US_Senator_of_Texas_Ted_Cruz_at_FITN_in_Nashua%2C_NH_07.jpg/255px-US_Senator_of_Texas_Ted_Cruz_at_FITN_in_Nashua%2C_NH_07.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/US_Senator_of_Texas_Ted_Cruz_at_FITN_in_Nashua%2C_NH_07.jpg/340px-US_Senator_of_Texas_Ted_Cruz_at_FITN_in_Nashua%2C_NH_07.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3840" data-file-height="5760" /></a><figcaption>Ted Cruz in <a href="/wiki/Nashua,_New_Hampshire" title="Nashua, New Hampshire">Nashua, New Hampshire</a>, on April 17, 2015</figcaption></figure> In the 2016 Republican presidential primaries, Cruz received over 7.8 million votes,<a href="#cite_note-greenpapers_convention-247">[247]</a><a href="#cite_note-248">[248]</a> won 12 states, and earned 559 delegates.<a href="#cite_note-249">[249]</a> He raised nearly $92 million, a record for a Republican primary candidate, much of it from small online donors. The Cruz campaign had more than 325,000 volunteers.<a href="#cite_note-GThrushPolitico07182016-250">[250]</a> On February 1, 2016, Cruz won the <a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election_in_Iowa,_2016" class="mw-redirect" title="United States presidential election in Iowa, 2016">Iowa caucuses</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOXLatino02012016-251">[251]</a> The Iowa win made him the first Hispanic to win either a presidential primary election or caucus.<a href="#cite_note-FOXLatino02012016-251">[251]</a><a href="#cite_note-252">[252]</a><a href="#cite_note-CNN02012016-253">[253]</a> He received 28% of the vote.<a href="#cite_note-CNN02012016-253">[253]</a> On February 10, Cruz placed third in the <a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire_Republican_primary,_2016" class="mw-redirect" title="New Hampshire Republican primary, 2016">New Hampshire primary</a>, with about 12% of the vote.<a href="#cite_note-254">[254]</a> On February 21, he placed third in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election_in_South_Carolina,_2016" class="mw-redirect" title="United States presidential election in South Carolina, 2016">South Carolina Republican primary</a> with about 22.3% of the vote.<a href="#cite_note-255">[255]</a> On March 1, 2016, Super Tuesday, Cruz won Texas by 17%, along with <a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election_in_Alaska,_2016" class="mw-redirect" title="United States presidential election in Alaska, 2016">Alaska</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election_in_Oklahoma,_2016" class="mw-redirect" title="United States presidential election in Oklahoma, 2016">Oklahoma</a>, providing him with four state primary victories total.<a href="#cite_note-256">[256]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election_in_Texas,_2016" class="mw-redirect" title="United States presidential election in Texas, 2016">Texas</a> primary, he received the most votes in all but six of the state's 254 counties.<a href="#cite_note-257">[257]</a> On March 5, Cruz won the <a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election_in_Kansas,_2016" class="mw-redirect" title="United States presidential election in Kansas, 2016">Kansas</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election_in_Maine,_2016" class="mw-redirect" title="United States presidential election in Maine, 2016">Maine</a> caucuses, giving him six statewide wins.<a href="#cite_note-258">[258]</a><a href="#cite_note-259">[259]</a><a href="#cite_note-260">[260]</a> Cruz won his widest margin up to that point in Kansas, where he beat front-runner <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> by 25 points.<a href="#cite_note-261">[261]</a> With his victories over Trump in Texas, Kansas, and Maine, he established himself as the candidate with the best opportunity to defeat Trump, the leading contender for the nomination.<a href="#cite_note-262">[262]</a><a href="#cite_note-263">[263]</a> On March 8, 2016, Cruz won the <a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election_in_Idaho,_2016" class="mw-redirect" title="United States presidential election in Idaho, 2016">Idaho primary</a> with 45% of vote—defeating Trump by 17% and earning his seventh statewide victory.<a href="#cite_note-PSvitekTXTrib03082016Idaho-264">[264]</a> He placed second in <a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election_in_Michigan,_2016" class="mw-redirect" title="United States presidential election in Michigan, 2016">Michigan</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election_in_Mississippi,_2016" class="mw-redirect" title="United States presidential election in Mississippi, 2016">Mississippi</a>, and <a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election_in_Hawaii,_2016" class="mw-redirect" title="United States presidential election in Hawaii, 2016">Hawaii</a>.<a href="#cite_note-PSvitekTXTrib03082016Idaho-264">[264]</a> On March 12, Cruz won the <a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election_in_Wyoming,_2016" class="mw-redirect" title="United States presidential election in Wyoming, 2016">Wyoming county conventions</a> with 67% of the vote and 9 delegates, giving him his eighth statewide win.<a href="#cite_note-265">[265]</a> On March 22, Cruz won the <a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election_in_Utah,_2016" class="mw-redirect" title="United States presidential election in Utah, 2016">Utah Caucus</a> with 69.2% of the vote, versus <a href="/wiki/John_Kasich" title="John Kasich">John Kasich</a> with 16.8% and Trump with 14%.<a href="#cite_note-266">[266]</a> Because he surpassed the 50% winner-take-all threshold, he won all 40 of <a href="/wiki/Utah" title="Utah">Utah</a>'s delegates. This win was his ninth. On April 3, North Dakota elected a slate of delegates dominated by pro-Cruz delegates. Cruz received the support of the majority of the delegates.<a href="#cite_note-267">[267]</a> On April 6, 2016, Cruz won the Wisconsin primary with 48.2% of the vote to Trump's 35.1%. It was Cruz's tenth statewide win. He won 36 of the 42 delegates available in Wisconsin. Trump received the other six. On April 2 and 7–9, Cruz swept the <a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election_in_Colorado,_2016" class="mw-redirect" title="United States presidential election in Colorado, 2016">Colorado congressional district and state conventions</a>, taking all 34 delegates.<a href="#cite_note-268">[268]</a><a href="#cite_note-269">[269]</a><a href="#cite_note-270">[270]</a><a href="#cite_note-271">[271]</a> This gave Cruz his 11th state win. On April 16, Cruz won all 14 of <a href="/wiki/Wyoming" title="Wyoming">Wyoming</a>'s at-large delegates in the state convention. This secured the majority of state delegates, giving Cruz his 12th state win.<a href="#cite_note-272">[272]</a> On April 27, he said that, if he were selected as the party's nominee, he would choose former <a href="/wiki/Chief_Executive_Officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Executive Officer">CEO</a> of <a href="/wiki/Hewlett-Packard" title="Hewlett-Packard">HP</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carly_Fiorina_presidential_campaign,_2016" class="mw-redirect" title="Carly Fiorina presidential campaign, 2016">fellow</a> <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_presidential_primaries,_2016" class="mw-redirect" title="Republican Party presidential primaries, 2016">2016 Republican presidential candidate</a> <a href="/wiki/Carly_Fiorina" title="Carly Fiorina">Carly Fiorina</a> as his vice-presidential running mate.<a href="#cite_note-273">[273]</a> Shortly after losing overwhelmingly to Trump in the Indiana primary on May 3, Cruz suspended his campaign.<a href="#cite_note-274">[274]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citizenship">Citizenship</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Ted_Cruz_2016_presidential_campaign#Eligibility" title="Ted Cruz 2016 presidential campaign">Ted Cruz 2016 presidential campaign § Eligibility</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Natural-born-citizen_clause_(United_States)" title="Natural-born-citizen clause (United States)">Natural-born-citizen clause (United States)</a></div> Cruz has said that when he was a child, his mother told him that she would have to formally request <a href="/wiki/Canadian_nationality_law" title="Canadian nationality law">Canadian citizenship</a> for him, so he and his family had always assumed he was not a Canadian citizen.<a href="#cite_note-DMNGillman06102014-275">[275]</a> In August 2013, after the Dallas Morning News pointed out that he had <a href="/wiki/Dual_citizenship" class="mw-redirect" title="Dual citizenship">dual Canadian-American citizenship</a>,<a href="#cite_note-GillmasDallasMN12282013-276">[276]</a><a href="#cite_note-LeeWaPo-277">[277]</a> he applied to formally renounce his Canadian citizenship and ceased being a citizen of Canada on May 14, 2014.<a href="#cite_note-DMNGillman06102014-275">[275]</a><a href="#cite_note-AaronWashPost08192013-278">[278]</a> Several lawsuits and ballot challenges asserting that Cruz was ineligible to become U.S. president were filed at the time.<a href="#cite_note-279">[279]</a><a href="#cite_note-280">[280]</a><a href="#cite_note-281">[281]</a><a href="#cite_note-282">[282]</a><a href="#cite_note-283">[283]</a><a href="#cite_note-284">[284]</a><a href="#cite_note-285">[285]</a> None were successful, and in February 2016, the Illinois Board of Elections ruled in Cruz's favor, stating, "The candidate is a natural born citizen by virtue of being born in Canada to his mother who was a U.S. citizen at the time of his birth."<a href="#cite_note-286">[286]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="After_candidacy">After candidacy</h3></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ted_Cruz_2016_RNC_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Ted_Cruz_2016_RNC_%282%29.jpg/300px-Ted_Cruz_2016_RNC_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Ted_Cruz_2016_RNC_%282%29.jpg/450px-Ted_Cruz_2016_RNC_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Ted_Cruz_2016_RNC_%282%29.jpg/600px-Ted_Cruz_2016_RNC_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Cruz at the <a href="/wiki/2016_Republican_National_Convention" title="2016 Republican National Convention">2016 Republican National Convention</a>, July 20, 2016</figcaption></figure> Shortly after the campaign's end, Cruz indicated that he would restart the bid if successful in the Nebraska primary,<a href="#cite_note-287">[287]</a> which Trump later won.<a href="#cite_note-288">[288]</a> In the months following, several publications noted that Cruz still had not endorsed Trump,<a href="#cite_note-289">[289]</a><a href="#cite_note-290">[290]</a> Cruz explaining in June that he was "watching and assessing" to determine if he would support him in the forthcoming general election.<a href="#cite_note-291">[291]</a> On July 7, after a meeting with Trump, he confirmed that he would speak at the <a href="/wiki/2016_Republican_National_Convention" title="2016 Republican National Convention">2016 Republican National Convention</a>.<a href="#cite_note-292">[292]</a> In his speech on July 20, the third day of the convention, Cruz congratulated Trump but did not endorse him. He instead told listeners to "vote your conscience, vote for candidates up and down the ticket who you trust to defend our freedom and to be faithful to the Constitution". The speech was met with boos and a negative reception among the crowd.<a href="#cite_note-HealyMartin-293">[293]</a> The following day at the Texas Republican delegation breakfast, Cruz defended his choice to not endorse Trump: "I am not in the habit of supporting people who attack my wife and attack my father. That pledge was not a blanket commitment that if you go and slander and attack Heidi, that I'm going to nonetheless come like a servile puppy dog and say, 'Thank you very much for maligning my wife and maligning my father.'"<a href="#cite_note-294">[294]</a><a href="#cite_note-295">[295]</a> On September 23, 2016, he publicly endorsed Trump for president.<a href="#cite_note-296">[296]</a> On October 10, after the <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_and_Billy_Bush_recording" class="mw-redirect" title="Donald Trump and Billy Bush recording">2005 audio recording</a> of Trump was released and several Republicans retracted their endorsements, Cruz reaffirmed his support, calling Democratic nominee <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a> "manifestly unfit to be president".<a href="#cite_note-297">[297]</a> On November 15, he met with President-elect Trump at <a href="/wiki/Trump_Tower" title="Trump Tower">Trump Tower</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>. It had been reported that Trump was considering Cruz for the position of <a href="/wiki/United_States_Attorney_General" title="United States Attorney General">U.S. Attorney General</a>, but the position went to <a href="/wiki/Alabama" title="Alabama">Alabama</a> Senator <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Sessions" title="Jeff Sessions">Jeff Sessions</a>.<a href="#cite_note-298">[298]</a> On November 28, in light of Trump showing a softer tone on his campaign promises, Cruz warned that justified backlash could ensue if he strayed from them.<a href="#cite_note-299">[299]</a> Cruz was backed by the billionaire Mercer family, including <a href="/wiki/Robert_Mercer_(businessman)" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Mercer (businessman)">Robert</a> and his daughter <a href="/wiki/Rebekah_Mercer_(donor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rebekah Mercer (donor)">Rebekah</a>.<a href="#cite_note-300">[300]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_positions">Political positions</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Ted_Cruz" title="Political positions of Ted Cruz">Political positions of Ted Cruz</a></div>Cruz has been characterized as staunchly conservative, "radical right", a religious conservative, and anti-establishmentarian.<a href="#cite_note-:4-81">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-301">[301]</a><a href="#cite_note-302">[302]</a><a href="#cite_note-303">[303]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Communism">Communism</h3></div> Cruz is a critic of the <a href="/wiki/Cuban_Thaw" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuban Thaw">rapprochement between Cuba and the United States</a>, saying on <a href="/wiki/Fox_News_Channel" class="mw-redirect" title="Fox News Channel">Fox News</a> in December 2014 that the thaw in relations was a "manifestation of the failures of the Obama-Clinton-Kerry foreign policy" that "will be remembered as a tragic mistake".<a href="#cite_note-304">[304]</a> In July 2018, Cruz spoke at the Rally for Religious Freedom in <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a>. He said, "It is a pleasure to be here and stand in solidarity for the men and women across this globe who have been persecuted by communists... We must stand united, in shining light, in highlighting heroism, in highlighting courage, in speaking out for those like my family, like so many millions across the globe who've seen the jackboot of communism firsthand."<a href="#cite_note-305">[305]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Crime,_guns,_and_drug_policy">Crime, guns, and drug policy</h3></div> Cruz has called for an end to "overcriminalization, harsh mandatory minimum sentences, and the demise of jury trials".<a href="#cite_note-306">[306]</a> He supports the <a href="/wiki/Death_penalty" class="mw-redirect" title="Death penalty">death penalty</a>.<a href="#cite_note-307">[307]</a> In his 2012 Senate campaign, Cruz frequently mentioned his role as counsel for the State of Texas in <a href="/wiki/Medell%C3%ADn_v._Texas" title="Medellín v. Texas">Medellín v. Texas</a>, a 2008 case in which the U.S. Supreme Court held that Texas has the right to ignore <a href="/wiki/Avena_case" title="Avena case">an order</a> from the <a href="/wiki/International_Court_of_Justice" title="International Court of Justice">International Court of Justice</a> directing the U.S. to review the convictions and sentences of dozens of Mexican nationals on death row.<a href="#cite_note-Bathe-308">[308]</a> He has called Medellín the most important case of his tenure as Texas solicitor general.<a href="#cite_note-Bathe-308">[308]</a> Cruz is a <a href="/wiki/Right_to_keep_and_bear_arms" title="Right to keep and bear arms">gun rights</a> supporter,<a href="#cite_note-HotAir04292013-309">[309]</a> and opposes expanding <a href="/wiki/Gun_control" title="Gun control">gun control</a> regulations.<a href="#cite_note-310">[310]</a> In an interview with radio host <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Hewitt" title="Hugh Hewitt">Hugh Hewitt</a> discussing the attack that killed three people at a <a href="/wiki/Planned_Parenthood" title="Planned Parenthood">Planned Parenthood</a> clinic in Colorado Springs, Cruz said that "the simple and undeniable fact is the overwhelming majority of violent criminals are Democrats", and claimed that Democrats are "soft on crime" because "convicted felons tend to vote Democratic."<a href="#cite_note-311">[311]</a> In August 2015, in the wake of the ambush death of a Texas police officer who was gunned down while filling up at a gas station, Cruz said that police are "feeling the assault from the President, from the top on down, as we see—whether it's in <a href="/wiki/Shooting_of_Michael_Brown" class="mw-redirect" title="Shooting of Michael Brown">Ferguson</a> or Baltimore, the response from senior officials, the President or the Attorney General, is to vilify law enforcement. That's wrong. It's fundamentally wrong. It's endangering all of our safety and security."<a href="#cite_note-312">[312]</a> Cruz met with gun control advocates <a href="/wiki/Alyssa_Milano" title="Alyssa Milano">Alyssa Milano</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fred_Guttenberg" title="Fred Guttenberg">Fred Guttenberg</a> to discuss <a href="/wiki/Gun_violence_in_the_United_States" title="Gun violence in the United States">gun violence in the United States</a>. Guttenberg said this was "a really important day".<a href="#cite_note-313">[313]</a> In May 2022, after the <a href="/wiki/Robb_Elementary_School_shooting" class="mw-redirect" title="Robb Elementary School shooting">Robb Elementary School shooting</a>, Cruz blamed <a href="/wiki/Mass_shooting" title="Mass shooting">mass shootings</a> on <a href="/wiki/Decline_of_Christianity_in_the_Western_world" title="Decline of Christianity in the Western world">declining church attendance</a>, <a href="/wiki/Violence_and_video_games" title="Violence and video games">violent video games</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prescription_drug" title="Prescription drug">prescription drugs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cyberbullying" title="Cyberbullying">cyberbullying</a>, <a href="/wiki/Social_isolation" title="Social isolation">social isolation</a>, and other societal factors.<a href="#cite_note-314">[314]</a> He voted against the <a href="/wiki/Bipartisan_Safer_Communities_Act" title="Bipartisan Safer Communities Act">Bipartisan Safer Communities Act</a>, a gun reform bill introduced after the Robb Elementary School shooting. The bill enhanced background checks for firearm purchasers under 21, provided funding for school-based mental health services, and partially closed the <a href="/wiki/Gun_show_loophole" title="Gun show loophole">gun show loophole</a> and <a href="/wiki/Boyfriend_loophole" title="Boyfriend loophole">boyfriend loophole</a>.<a href="#cite_note-315">[315]</a><a href="#cite_note-316">[316]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Transition_Authorization_Act_Signing_(NHQ201703210002).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Transition_Authorization_Act_Signing_%28NHQ201703210002%29.jpg/260px-Transition_Authorization_Act_Signing_%28NHQ201703210002%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Transition_Authorization_Act_Signing_%28NHQ201703210002%29.jpg/390px-Transition_Authorization_Act_Signing_%28NHQ201703210002%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Transition_Authorization_Act_Signing_%28NHQ201703210002%29.jpg/520px-Transition_Authorization_Act_Signing_%28NHQ201703210002%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4545" data-file-height="2753" /></a><figcaption>Cruz and President <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a>, after signing the NASA Transition Authorization Act of 2017</figcaption></figure> Cruz opposes <a href="/wiki/Legalization_of_non-medical_cannabis_in_the_United_States" title="Legalization of non-medical cannabis in the United States">legalizing cannabis</a>, but believes it should be decided at the state level.<a href="#cite_note-317">[317]</a> After Colorado legalized cannabis, he said, "If the citizens of Colorado decide they want to go down that road, that's their prerogative. I personally don't agree with it, but that's their right."<a href="#cite_note-318">[318]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Economy">Economy</h3></div> Cruz has been described by the <a href="/wiki/Cato_Institute" title="Cato Institute">Cato Institute</a>'s Center for Trade Policy Studies as a "free trader"<a href="#cite_note-319">[319]</a> and as a "free-trade advocate" by The Wall Street Journal.<a href="#cite_note-Hook-320">[320]</a> In 2013, he proposed the abolition of the <a href="/wiki/Internal_Revenue_Service" title="Internal Revenue Service">IRS</a> and the implementation of a <a href="/wiki/Flat_tax" title="Flat tax">flat tax</a> "where the average American can fill out taxes on a postcard".<a href="#cite_note-321">[321]</a> Cruz is "adamantly opposed to a higher <a href="/wiki/Minimum_wage_in_the_United_States" title="Minimum wage in the United States">minimum wage</a>".<a href="#cite_note-HarrisonTaxes-322">[322]</a> Cruz wants to decrease the size of the government significantly. In addition to eliminating the IRS as described above, he has promised to eliminate four other cabinet-level agencies: the Department of Energy, Department of Education, Department of Commerce, and Department of Housing and Urban Development.<a href="#cite_note-323">[323]</a> Cruz voted against the <a href="/wiki/Inflation_Reduction_Act" title="Inflation Reduction Act">Inflation Reduction Act</a> in 2022.<a href="#cite_note-324">[324]</a> Cruz was among the 31 Senate Republicans who voted against final passage of the <a href="/wiki/Fiscal_Responsibility_Act_of_2023" class="mw-redirect" title="Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023">Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023</a>.<a href="#cite_note-325">[325]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education_2">Education</h3></div> Cruz is a proponent of <a href="/wiki/School_choice" title="School choice">school choice</a><a href="#cite_note-326">[326]</a> and opposes the <a href="/wiki/Common_Core_State_Standards_Initiative" class="mw-redirect" title="Common Core State Standards Initiative">Common Core State Standards Initiative</a>.<a href="#cite_note-327">[327]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Energy_and_environment">Energy and environment</h3></div> Cruz rejects the <a href="/wiki/Scientific_opinion_on_climate_change" class="mw-redirect" title="Scientific opinion on climate change">scientific consensus on climate change</a>.<a href="#cite_note-328">[328]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto-329">[329]</a> In March 2015, he said that some people are "global warming alarmists" and, citing <a href="/wiki/Satellite_temperature_measurements" class="mw-redirect" title="Satellite temperature measurements">satellite temperature measurements</a>, said, contrary to NASA's analysis, that there had been no significant warming in 18 years.<a href="#cite_note-auto-329">[329]</a><a href="#cite_note-MornEdNPR12112015-330">[330]</a><a href="#cite_note-331">[331]</a> Cruz voted against the <a href="/wiki/Water_Resources_Development_Act" title="Water Resources Development Act">Water Resources Development Act</a> of 2013 that would have created the National Endowment for the Oceans and authorized more than $26 billion in projects to be built by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Corps_of_Engineers" title="United States Army Corps of Engineers">Army Corps of Engineers</a>, at least $16 billion of which would have come from federal taxpayers.<a href="#cite_note-332">[332]</a><a href="#cite_note-333">[333]</a> He voted against the bill because it neglected "to reduce a substantial backlog of projects, to the detriment of projects with national implications, such as the <a href="/wiki/Sabine%E2%80%93Neches_Waterway" title="Sabine–Neches Waterway">Sabine–Neches Waterway</a>".<a href="#cite_note-PRCruzWRDA05152013-334">[334]</a> Cruz said the Corps' responsibilities were expanded without providing adequate measures for state participation.<a href="#cite_note-PRCruzWRDA05152013-334">[334]</a> Proponents of the bill argued that it would provide steady funding to support research and restoration projects, funded primarily by dedicating 12.5% of revenues from offshore energy development, including oil, gas, and renewable energy, through offshore lease sales and production based royalty payments, distributed through a competitive grant program.<a href="#cite_note-335">[335]</a> In 2017, Cruz was one of 22 senators to sign a letter<a href="#cite_note-336">[336]</a> addressed to Trump urging him to withdraw from the <a href="/wiki/Paris_Agreement" title="Paris Agreement">Paris Agreement</a>. According to <a href="/wiki/OpenSecrets" title="OpenSecrets">OpenSecrets</a>, Cruz has received more than $2.5 million in campaign contributions from oil, gas and coal interests since 2012.<a href="#cite_note-337">[337]</a> He has a lifetime score of 3% on the National Environmental Scorecard of the <a href="/wiki/League_of_Conservation_Voters" title="League of Conservation Voters">League of Conservation Voters</a>.<a href="#cite_note-338">[338]</a> Cruz is a supporter of <a href="/wiki/TransCanada_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="TransCanada Corporation">TransCanada</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Keystone_Pipeline_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Keystone Pipeline System">Keystone XL Pipeline</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Cornwell-339">[339]</a> and following the Republican senate whip, was a cosponsor of legislation in support of the pipeline.<a href="#cite_note-340">[340]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Federal_Reserve">Federal Reserve</h3></div> In a 2014 opinion editorial in <a href="/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a>, Cruz wrote that auditing the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Reserve System">Federal Reserve System</a> was a top Republican priority in 2015 and that he supported legislation that would allow the <a href="/wiki/Government_Accountability_Office" title="Government Accountability Office">Government Accountability Office</a> to evaluate the Federal Reserve's monetary policy. Federal Reserve chairwoman <a href="/wiki/Janet_Yellen" title="Janet Yellen">Janet Yellen</a>, whose confirmation Cruz tried to prevent, said in her confirmation hearing that she opposed any audit of the Federal Reserve and that "for 50 years Congress has recognized that there should be an exception to GAO ability to audit the Fed to avoid any political interference in monetary policy."<a href="#cite_note-:3-341">[341]</a><a href="#cite_note-342">[342]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign_affairs">Foreign affairs</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Embassy_Dedication_Ceremony_(41431882324).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Embassy_Dedication_Ceremony_%2841431882324%29.jpg/220px-Embassy_Dedication_Ceremony_%2841431882324%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Embassy_Dedication_Ceremony_%2841431882324%29.jpg/330px-Embassy_Dedication_Ceremony_%2841431882324%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Embassy_Dedication_Ceremony_%2841431882324%29.jpg/440px-Embassy_Dedication_Ceremony_%2841431882324%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1100" /></a><figcaption>Cruz attended the opening of the <a href="/wiki/Embassy_of_the_United_States,_Jerusalem" title="Embassy of the United States, Jerusalem">US Embassy to Israel</a> in <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> in May 2018.</figcaption></figure> In 2015, Cruz voted for the <a href="/wiki/USA_Freedom_Act" title="USA Freedom Act">USA Freedom Act</a>, which reauthorized the <a href="/wiki/USA_Patriot_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="USA Patriot Act">USA Patriot Act</a> but reformed some of its provisions.<a href="#cite_note-MorningConsult-343">[343]</a><a href="#cite_note-KilloughNSA-344">[344]</a> Cruz has been an adamant opponent of the <a href="/wiki/Joint_Comprehensive_Plan_of_Action" title="Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action">Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action</a>, a 2015 international nuclear agreement with <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> negotiated by <a href="/wiki/P5%2B1" title="P5+1">the U.S. and other world powers</a>, calling it "catastrophic" and "disastrous".<a href="#cite_note-Hattem-345">[345]</a><a href="#cite_note-GrimSchulberg-346">[346]</a> In 2013, Cruz said that the U.S. had no "dog in the fight" during the <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrian Civil War">Syrian Civil War</a> and that its armed forces should not serve as "<a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">al-Qaeda</a>'s air force".<a href="#cite_note-347">[347]</a> In 2014, he criticized the Obama administration: "The president's foreign policy team utterly missed the threat of <a href="/wiki/ISIS" class="mw-redirect" title="ISIS">ISIS</a>, indeed, was working to arm Syrian rebels that were fighting side by side with ISIS", calling ISIS "the face of evil". In a statement opposing U.S. intervention for regime change in Syria, Cruz said, "If President Obama and Hillary Clinton and Sen. Rubio succeed in toppling [Syrian President Bashar] <a href="/wiki/Bashar_al-Assad" title="Bashar al-Assad">Assad</a>, the result will be the radical Islamic terrorists will take over Syria, that Syria will be controlled by ISIS, and that is materially worse for U.S. national security interests."<a href="#cite_note-348">[348]</a> In September 2016, Cruz backed the Obama administration's plan to sell more than $1.15 billion worth of weapons to <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-349">[349]</a> In early January 2017, Cruz, Texas governor <a href="/wiki/Greg_Abbott" title="Greg Abbott">Greg Abbott</a> and some others met with <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="President of the Republic of China">Taiwanese president</a> <a href="/wiki/Tsai_Ing-wen" title="Tsai Ing-wen">Tsai Ing-wen</a>. Cruz criticized the <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">People's Republic of China</a> after it reportedly made a statement asking members of Congress not to meet with Tsai.<a href="#cite_note-350">[350]</a><a href="#cite_note-351">[351]</a><a href="#cite_note-352">[352]</a> On January 5, 2017, Cruz voted in favor of a House resolution condemning <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_2334" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 2334">UN Security Council Resolution 2334</a>, which condemned <a href="/wiki/Israeli_settlement" title="Israeli settlement">Israeli settlement building</a> in the occupied <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_territories" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian territories">Palestinian territories</a> as a violation of international law.<a href="#cite_note-353">[353]</a> In June 2017, Cruz co-sponsored the <a href="/wiki/Israel_Anti-Boycott_Act" title="Israel Anti-Boycott Act">Israel Anti-Boycott Act</a> (s. 720), which would make it a federal crime for Americans to encourage or participate in boycotts against <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Israeli_settlement" title="Israeli settlement">Israeli settlements</a> in the <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a> if protesting actions by the Israeli government.<a href="#cite_note-354">[354]</a><a href="#cite_note-355">[355]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Howdy,_Modi!_(48783742983).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Howdy%2C_Modi%21_%2848783742983%29.jpg/220px-Howdy%2C_Modi%21_%2848783742983%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Howdy%2C_Modi%21_%2848783742983%29.jpg/330px-Howdy%2C_Modi%21_%2848783742983%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Howdy%2C_Modi%21_%2848783742983%29.jpg/440px-Howdy%2C_Modi%21_%2848783742983%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Cruz with President Trump and <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">Indian</a> Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a> in September 2019</figcaption></figure> In August 2018, Cruz and 16 other lawmakers urged the Trump administration to impose sanctions under the Global Magnitsky Act against <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist Party of China">Chinese officials</a> responsible for <a href="/wiki/Xinjiang_re-education_camps" class="mw-redirect" title="Xinjiang re-education camps">human rights abuses</a> against the <a href="/wiki/Uyghurs" title="Uyghurs">Uyghur</a> <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_China" title="Islam in China">Muslim</a> minority in western <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of China">China</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a> region.<a href="#cite_note-356">[356]</a> They wrote, "The detention of as many as a million or more Uyghurs and other predominantly Muslim ethnic minorities in 'political reeducation' centers or camps requires a tough, targeted, and global response."<a href="#cite_note-357">[357]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Foreign_Secretary_David_Cameron_visits_Washington_D.C._(53380559741)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Foreign_Secretary_David_Cameron_visits_Washington_D.C._%2853380559741%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Foreign_Secretary_David_Cameron_visits_Washington_D.C._%2853380559741%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Foreign_Secretary_David_Cameron_visits_Washington_D.C._%2853380559741%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Foreign_Secretary_David_Cameron_visits_Washington_D.C._%2853380559741%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Foreign_Secretary_David_Cameron_visits_Washington_D.C._%2853380559741%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Foreign_Secretary_David_Cameron_visits_Washington_D.C._%2853380559741%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="633" /></a><figcaption>Cruz with British Foreign Secretary <a href="/wiki/David_Cameron" title="David Cameron">David Cameron</a> in December 2023</figcaption></figure> Cruz has called the <a href="/wiki/Nord_Stream_2" title="Nord Stream 2">Nord Stream II</a> natural gas pipeline a threat to the security of Europe and the U.S. In December 2019 he and Senator <a href="/wiki/Ron_Johnson" title="Ron Johnson">Ron Johnson</a> wrote a letter to <a href="/wiki/Edward_Heerema" title="Edward Heerema">Edward Heerema</a>, the owner of the offshore pipe layer <a href="/wiki/Allseas" title="Allseas">Allseas</a>, to warn him of sanctions if Allseas did not suspend its work on the pipeline, which would deliver <a href="/wiki/Russia_in_the_European_energy_sector" title="Russia in the European energy sector">natural gas from Russia to Germany</a>.<a href="#cite_note-358">[358]</a> A few days later Allseas suspended the work.<a href="#cite_note-359">[359]</a> In December 2020, the Russian pipelaying ship <a href="/wiki/Akademik_Cherskiy_(ship)" title="Akademik Cherskiy (ship)">Akademik Cherskiy</a> continued pipelaying.<a href="#cite_note-360">[360]</a> In January, another pipelayer, Fortuna, joined forces with the Akademik Cherskiy to complete the pipeline.<a href="#cite_note-361">[361]</a> On June 4, 2021, Putin announced that the pipelaying for first line of the Nord Stream 2 was fully completed. On June 10, the pipeline's sections were connected.<a href="#cite_note-362">[362]</a> The laying of the second line was completed in September 2021.<a href="#cite_note-363">[363]</a> A co-sponsor of the resolution to commemorate the <a href="/wiki/Armenian_genocide" title="Armenian genocide">Armenian genocide</a>, Cruz said that while <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> is a <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> ally, "We should never be afraid to tell the truth, and alliances grounded in lies are themselves unsustainable."<a href="#cite_note-364">[364]</a> American video game company <a href="/wiki/Activision_Blizzard" title="Activision Blizzard">Activision Blizzard</a> punished a <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a>-based professional gamer for supporting pro-democracy <a href="/wiki/2019%E2%80%9320_Hong_Kong_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="2019–20 Hong Kong protests">Hong Kong protests</a>. Cruz accused Blizzard and <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a> of <a href="/wiki/Overseas_censorship_of_Chinese_issues" class="mw-redirect" title="Overseas censorship of Chinese issues">censorship</a>.<a href="#cite_note-365">[365]</a> He co-signed a letter to Activision Blizzard CEO <a href="/wiki/Bobby_Kotick" title="Bobby Kotick">Bobby Kotick</a> that read, "As China amplifies its campaign of intimidation, you and your company must decide whether to look beyond the bottom line and promote American values—like freedom of speech and thought—or to give in to Beijing's demands in order to preserve market access."<a href="#cite_note-366">[366]</a> Beginning during his time as a Dublin, California, city councilman, <a href="/wiki/Eric_Swalwell" title="Eric Swalwell">Eric Swalwell</a> was targeted by a Chinese woman believed to be a clandestine officer of <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_State_Security_(China)" title="Ministry of State Security (China)">Ministry of State Security</a>. Swalwell's general relationship with a suspected <a href="/wiki/Chinese_intelligence_activity_abroad#United_States" title="Chinese intelligence activity abroad">Chinese agent</a>, Christine Fang, has been characterized as problematic, particularly given his high-profile role as a member of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Permanent_Select_Committee_on_Intelligence" title="United States House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence">House Intelligence Committee</a>.<a href="#cite_note-367">[367]</a> Cruz tweeted, "More than once, I've said 'screw the Chinese communists'. Little did I know how closely Swalwell was listening."<a href="#cite_note-368">[368]</a> In October 2021, Cruz posted a tweet that was critical of Australia's <a href="/wiki/Northern_Territory" title="Northern Territory">Northern Territory</a>'s vaccine mandates.<a href="#cite_note-369">[369]</a> <a href="/wiki/Chief_Minister_of_the_Northern_Territory" title="Chief Minister of the Northern Territory">Chief Minister of the Northern Territory</a> <a href="/wiki/Michael_Gunner" title="Michael Gunner">Michael Gunner</a>'s response to the tweet went <a href="/wiki/Viral_phenomenon" title="Viral phenomenon">viral</a> quickly, garnering near universal support from Australians.<a href="#cite_note-370">[370]</a><a href="#cite_note-371">[371]</a><a href="#cite_note-372">[372]</a><a href="#cite_note-373">[373]</a> In 2022, Cruz sharply criticized the Chinese government for its detention of Houston resident <a href="/wiki/Mark_Swidan" title="Mark Swidan">Mark Swidan</a>, who has been held for over ten years. The United Nations and U.S. government consider Swidan wrongfully detained.<a href="#cite_note-374">[374]</a> In March 2023, Cruz voted against repealing the Authorization for Use of Military Force (AUMF) in Iraq.<a href="#cite_note-375">[375]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hate_crimes">Hate crimes</h3></div> Cruz was one of six Republican senators to vote against expanding the COVID-19 Hate Crimes Act, which would allow the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice" title="United States Department of Justice">U.S. Justice Department</a> to review hate crimes related to <a href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a> and establish an online database.<a href="#cite_note-376">[376]</a><a href="#cite_note-377">[377]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Health_care">Health care</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:200304-H-NI589-122_(49622195247).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/200304-H-NI589-122_%2849622195247%29.jpg/220px-200304-H-NI589-122_%2849622195247%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/200304-H-NI589-122_%2849622195247%29.jpg/330px-200304-H-NI589-122_%2849622195247%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/200304-H-NI589-122_%2849622195247%29.jpg/440px-200304-H-NI589-122_%2849622195247%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4270" data-file-height="2689" /></a><figcaption>Cruz questions US Customs and Border Protection leaders on <a href="/wiki/Coronavirus_disease_2019" class="mw-redirect" title="Coronavirus disease 2019">COVID-19</a> preparedness in March 2020.</figcaption></figure> Cruz was a vocal critic of the <a href="/wiki/Patient_Protection_and_Affordable_Care_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act">Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act</a> passed under President Obama in 2010. During the first year of Trump's presidency, Cruz sponsored legislation to repeal the <a href="/wiki/Health_Care_and_Education_Reconciliation_Act_of_2010" title="Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010">Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010</a>, and was part of the group of 13 senators that drafted the unsuccessful <a href="/wiki/2017_Patient_Protection_and_Affordable_Care_Act_replacement_proposals#Senate_legislation" class="mw-redirect" title="2017 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act replacement proposals">2017 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act replacement proposals</a> of the <a href="/wiki/American_Health_Care_Act_of_2017" title="American Health Care Act of 2017">AHCA</a>.<a href="#cite_note-378">[378]</a><a href="#cite_note-379">[379]</a><a href="#cite_note-380">[380]</a><a href="#cite_note-381">[381]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hurricane_aid">Hurricane aid</h3></div> In 2013, Cruz voted against a bill to provide a package of federal aid to the Northern East Coast for recovery from <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Sandy" title="Hurricane Sandy">Hurricane Sandy</a><a href="#cite_note-382">[382]</a> because, he said, the bill was "filled with unrelated pork" and "two-thirds of that bill had nothing to do with Sandy". <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a> disputed this, writing that "the bill was largely aimed at dealing with Sandy, along with relatively minor items to address other or future disasters."<a href="#cite_note-383">[383]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> wrote that "of 23 examples of extraneous spending that a spokesman for Mr. Cruz provided, all but one—$195 million in discretionary funds for the secretary of health and human services—were Sandy-related or sought to mitigate future storms, as the law required."<a href="#cite_note-384">[384]</a> In 2015, in the wake of <a href="/wiki/2015_Texas%E2%80%93Oklahoma_flood_and_tornado_outbreak" title="2015 Texas–Oklahoma flood and tornado outbreak">severe flooding in Texas</a>, Cruz supported federal aid funding; and in 2017, called for federal intervention as <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Harvey" title="Hurricane Harvey">Hurricane Harvey</a> approached the coast of Texas.<a href="#cite_note-385">[385]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Immigration">Immigration</h3></div> Cruz took a "hard-line stance" on immigration issues during the <a href="/wiki/2014_American_immigration_crisis" title="2014 American immigration crisis">2014 border crisis</a><a href="#cite_note-Sarlin-386">[386]</a> and opposes comprehensive immigration reform.<a href="#cite_note-JToobin-50">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-Sarlin-386">[386]</a> He advocates an increase from 65,000 to 325,000 annually in skilled foreign workers entering the United States using H-1B visas.<a href="#cite_note-Increase_H1B_Visas-387">[387]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/The_McClatchy_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="The McClatchy Company">McClatchy</a>, Cruz staked out "hard-right immigration stances" during his 2016 presidential campaign.<a href="#cite_note-388">[388]</a> Cruz opposes paths to citizenship for undocumented immigrants brought to the United States as children (<a href="/wiki/DREAMers" class="mw-redirect" title="DREAMers">DREAMers</a>).<a href="#cite_note-389">[389]</a> In February 2018, he was the sole senator to oppose a Republican motion to begin debate on legislation intended to resolve the question of what to do with DREAMers.<a href="#cite_note-390">[390]</a> He has called for the repeal of the clause of the <a href="/wiki/Fourteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">14th amendment</a> that grants citizenship to those born in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-391">[391]</a> He defends the Trump administration's policy of separating migrant children from their parents,<a href="#cite_note-:0-392">[392]</a><a href="#cite_note-:1-393">[393]</a> blaming the migrant parents for crossing the U.S. border to seek asylum and claiming that the Obama administration maintained a similar policy.<a href="#cite_note-:0-392">[392]</a><a href="#cite_note-:1-393">[393]</a> In December 2020, Cruz blocked the Hong Kong People's Freedom and Choice Act, which would give Hong Kongers refugee status, citing the threat of spying by China. He said the law was an attempt by Democrats "to advance their long-standing goals on changing immigration laws".<a href="#cite_note-394">[394]</a> During a May 2021 <a href="/wiki/Senate_Rules_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Senate Rules Committee">Senate Rules Committee</a> hearing, Cruz falsely asserted that House Democrats had "designed" the <a href="/wiki/For_The_People_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="For The People Act">For The People Act</a> such that it "directs" people "to break the law and register millions of people to vote who are not eligible to vote because they are not United States citizens" and "automatically registers to vote anyone who interacts with the government" regardless of their immigration status. The bill repeatedly states only U.S. citizens would be permitted to register.<a href="#cite_note-395">[395]</a> In September 2024, Cruz tweeted an <a href="/wiki/Image_macro" title="Image macro">image macro</a> of two cats hugging with captions that reiterated <a href="/wiki/False_or_misleading_statements_by_Donald_Trump" title="False or misleading statements by Donald Trump">a false claim by Donald Trump</a> that <a href="/wiki/Haitian_diaspora" title="Haitian diaspora">Haitian immigrants</a> steal and eat American citizens' pets.<a href="#cite_note-396">[396]</a><a href="#cite_note-397">[397]</a> Twitter users condemned Cruz for perpetuating a racist hoax, with some citing his <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Cancún_controversy">Cancún controversy</a> to doubt the authenticity of his concern for the safety of Americans' pets.<a href="#cite_note-398">[398]</a><a href="#cite_note-399">[399]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Judiciary">Judiciary</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Brett_Kavanaugh_and_Ted_Cruz.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Brett_Kavanaugh_and_Ted_Cruz.jpg/310px-Brett_Kavanaugh_and_Ted_Cruz.jpg" decoding="async" width="310" height="207" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Brett_Kavanaugh_and_Ted_Cruz.jpg/465px-Brett_Kavanaugh_and_Ted_Cruz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Brett_Kavanaugh_and_Ted_Cruz.jpg/620px-Brett_Kavanaugh_and_Ted_Cruz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1878" data-file-height="1251" /></a><figcaption>Ted Cruz and Judge <a href="/wiki/Brett_Kavanaugh" title="Brett Kavanaugh">Brett Kavanaugh</a> in July 2018</figcaption></figure> In March 2016, about seven months before the forthcoming presidential election, Cruz argued the Senate should not consider Obama's nominee to the Supreme Court on the grounds that "this should be a decision for the people. Let the election decide. If the Democrats want to replace this nominee, they need to win the election". In September 2020, less than two months before the next presidential election, Cruz supported an immediate vote on Trump's nominee to fill the Supreme Court vacancy caused by Justice <a href="/wiki/Ruth_Bader_Ginsburg" title="Ruth Bader Ginsburg">Ruth Bader Ginsburg</a>'s death.<a href="#cite_note-400">[400]</a> During Donald Trump's presidency, Cruz and fellow Texas Senator <a href="/wiki/John_Cornyn" title="John Cornyn">John Cornyn</a> contributed to the appointment of multiple conservative judges to federal courts with jurisdiction over Texas.<a href="#cite_note-401">[401]</a><a href="#cite_note-402">[402]</a><a href="#cite_note-403">[403]</a><a href="#cite_note-404">[404]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Military">Military</h3></div> Cruz has criticized the U.S. military for becoming "emasculated" by its recruiting efforts, comparing those efforts unfavorably to the Russian military's.<a href="#cite_note-Shep-405">[405]</a><a href="#cite_note-406">[406]</a> He accused Democratic politicians of trying to transform "the greatest military on earth" into "pansies".<a href="#cite_note-Shep-405">[405]</a> He has claimed the military is debilitated and its "ability to project power and obtain air superiority is tragically anemic".<a href="#cite_note-407">[407]</a> Blaming "bloated bureaucracy and social experiments", Cruz has proposed reducing the size of the active duty military while increasing spending.<a href="#cite_note-408">[408]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Net_neutrality">Net neutrality</h3></div> Cruz opposes <a href="/wiki/Net_neutrality" title="Net neutrality">net neutrality</a>—which prevents Internet service providers from deliberately blocking or slowing particular websites—arguing that the Internet economy has flourished in the United States simply because it has remained largely free from government regulation.<a href="#cite_note-DotSankin05162014-409">[409]</a> He has argued that net neutrality is the "Obamacare for the internet".<a href="#cite_note-410">[410]</a><a href="#cite_note-:2-411">[411]</a> Cruz said that the Obama-era implementation of the principle of net neutrality had the "end result" of "less broadband, less innovation, and less freedom for the American consumer".<a href="#cite_note-:2-411">[411]</a> In December 2017, after the Republican-controlled <a href="/wiki/Federal_Communications_Commission" title="Federal Communications Commission">Federal Communications Commission</a> repealed net neutrality, he mocked supporters of net neutrality as "snowflakes" who were misled by "online propaganda".<a href="#cite_note-412">[412]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Outsourcing_of_jobs">Outsourcing of jobs</h3></div> During his 2016 presidential campaign, Cruz strongly denounced outsourcing American jobs to other countries, alleging that any politician who allowed it to happen was betraying their constituents. He pinned some of his blame on then-President Obama, saying that Obama had overseen outsourcing for the previous seven years. Cruz's denunciation of Obama was criticized by <a href="/wiki/PolitiFact" title="PolitiFact">PolitiFact</a>, which found that the modern pattern of American outsourcing, while prevalent during the Obama years, had started earlier.<a href="#cite_note-413">[413]</a> During the campaign, one of Cruz's promises was to return manufacturing jobs to the U.S. His choice of running mate, Carly Fiorina, was met with pushback due to her record of outsourcing, but he defended her.<a href="#cite_note-414">[414]</a> In 2022, Cruz voted against <a href="/wiki/Bernie_Sanders" title="Bernie Sanders">Bernie Sanders</a>'s proposed measure for the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Innovation_and_Competition_Act" title="United States Innovation and Competition Act">United States Innovation and Competition Act</a>, which promised to fund <a href="/wiki/Semiconductor" title="Semiconductor">semiconductor</a> manufacturers amid a shortage of their products during the COVID-19 pandemic. The measure would block semiconductor manufacturers funded by the bill from outsourcing their jobs and forbid them to dissuade their employees from forming unions.<a href="#cite_note-415">[415]</a><a href="#cite_note-416">[416]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Social_issues">Social issues</h3></div> Cruz is strongly <a href="/wiki/Anti-abortion" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-abortion">anti-abortion</a>, but "would allow the procedure...when a pregnancy endangers the mother's life".<a href="#cite_note-417">[417]</a><a href="#cite_note-fikac-418">[418]</a> He is in favor of cutting federal funding to <a href="/wiki/Planned_Parenthood" title="Planned Parenthood">Planned Parenthood</a>.<a href="#cite_note-419">[419]</a> Cruz opposes both <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_United_States" title="Same-sex marriage in the United States">same-sex marriage</a> and <a href="/wiki/Civil_union" title="Civil union">civil unions</a>.<a href="#cite_note-420">[420]</a> In 2013, he said he wanted marriage to be legally defined as only "between one man and one woman",<a href="#cite_note-421">[421]</a> but also said that the legality of same-sex marriage should be <a href="/wiki/States%27_rights" title="States' rights">left to each state to decide</a>.<a href="#cite_note-TonightShowLeno-422">[422]</a> In 2015, after the Supreme Court decision in <a href="/wiki/Obergefell_v._Hodges" title="Obergefell v. Hodges">Obergefell</a> ruled same-sex marriage bans unconstitutional, he called the decision "the very definition of tyranny",<a href="#cite_note-423">[423]</a> accused the court of <a href="/wiki/Judicial_activism" title="Judicial activism">judicial activism</a>, and said it was "among the darkest hours of our nation."<a href="#cite_note-424">[424]</a> In 2017, the same day that an audio clip resurfaced of Alabama Judge <a href="/wiki/Roy_Moore" title="Roy Moore">Roy Moore</a> calling Obergefell "worse" than the <a href="/wiki/Dred_Scott_v._Sandford" title="Dred Scott v. Sandford">1857 ruling</a> that upheld slavery, Cruz endorsed Moore for U.S. Senate.<a href="#cite_note-425">[425]</a> He reaffirmed his position in 2022 after comments by Justice <a href="/wiki/Clarence_Thomas" title="Clarence Thomas">Clarence Thomas</a>.<a href="#cite_note-426">[426]</a> While speaking to students at a summit for <a href="/wiki/Turning_Point_USA" title="Turning Point USA">Turning Point USA</a>, an American nonprofit organization that advocates for conservative politics on high school, college and university campuses, Cruz joked that his favored <a href="/wiki/Personal_pronoun" title="Personal pronoun">personal pronoun</a> is "kiss my ass".<a href="#cite_note-kma-427">[427]</a> In 2022, Cruz voted against the <a href="/wiki/Respect_for_Marriage_Act" title="Respect for Marriage Act">Respect for Marriage Act</a>.<a href="#cite_note-428">[428]</a> In July 2022, Cruz issued a press release saying that he supported the repeal of the 1973 Texas anti-<a href="/wiki/Sodomy" title="Sodomy">sodomy</a> law, writing, "consenting adults should be able to do what they wish in their private sexual activity, and the government has no business in their bedrooms."<a href="#cite_note-DMN070272022-429">[429]</a><a href="#cite_note-HousChron12262022-430">[430]</a> Cruz compared the vandalism and <a href="/wiki/List_of_monuments_and_memorials_removed_during_the_George_Floyd_protests" title="List of monuments and memorials removed during the George Floyd protests">destruction of monuments and memorials</a> in the United States to the 2001 destruction of the giant <a href="/wiki/Buddhas_of_Bamiyan" title="Buddhas of Bamiyan">Buddhas of Bamiyan</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Taliban" title="Taliban">Taliban</a>.<a href="#cite_note-431">[431]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Podcast">Podcast</h2></div> Cruz and <a href="/wiki/Michael_J._Knowles" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael J. Knowles">Michael J. Knowles</a> started a podcast, Verdict with Ted Cruz, on January 21, 2020. The first episodes were summaries of the impeachment hearings of Donald Trump. After the hearings ended the podcast expanded its content to include other topics and interviews, including with Washington politicians such as U.S. Senators <a href="/wiki/Tim_Scott" title="Tim Scott">Tim Scott</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lindsey_Graham" title="Lindsey Graham">Lindsey Graham</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mike_Lee" title="Mike Lee">Mike Lee</a>, Trump administration officials including White House Chief of Staff <a href="/wiki/Mark_Meadows_(North_Carolina_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mark Meadows (North Carolina politician)">Mark Meadows</a>, then-U.S. Attorney General <a href="/wiki/Bill_Barr" class="mw-redirect" title="Bill Barr">Bill Barr</a>, U.S. Secretary of Education <a href="/wiki/Betsy_DeVos" title="Betsy DeVos">Betsy DeVos</a>, and actors <a href="/wiki/Jon_Voight" title="Jon Voight">Jon Voight</a> and <a href="/wiki/Isaiah_Washington" title="Isaiah Washington">Isaiah Washington</a>.<a href="#cite_note-432">[432]</a> In October 2022, Verdict with Ted Cruz picked up corporate partner <a href="/wiki/IHeartRadio" title="IHeartRadio">iHeartRadio</a>. The podcast also expanded to three times a week and <a href="/wiki/Ben_Ferguson" title="Ben Ferguson">Ben Ferguson</a> replaced Knowles as co-host.<a href="#cite_note-433">[433]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Books">Books</h2></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCruz2015" class="citation book cs1">Cruz, Ted (2015). A Time for Truth: Reigniting the Promise of America. Broadside Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-236561-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-236561-3"><bdi>978-0-06-236561-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Time+for+Truth%3A+Reigniting+the+Promise+of+America&rft.pub=Broadside+Books&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-06-236561-3&rft.aulast=Cruz&rft.aufirst=Ted&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATed+Cruz" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCruz2020" class="citation book cs1">Cruz, Ted (2020). One Vote Away: How a Single Supreme Court Seat Can Change History. Regnery. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-68451-134-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-68451-134-1"><bdi>978-1-68451-134-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=One+Vote+Away%3A+How+a+Single+Supreme+Court+Seat+Can+Change+History&rft.pub=Regnery&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-1-68451-134-1&rft.aulast=Cruz&rft.aufirst=Ted&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATed+Cruz" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCruz2022" class="citation book cs1">Cruz, Ted (2022). Justice Corrupted: How the Left Weaponized Our Legal System. Regnery. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-68451-361-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-68451-361-1"><bdi>978-1-68451-361-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Justice+Corrupted%3A+How+the+Left+Weaponized+Our+Legal+System&rft.pub=Regnery&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=978-1-68451-361-1&rft.aulast=Cruz&rft.aufirst=Ted&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATed+Cruz" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCruz2023" class="citation book cs1">Cruz, Ted (2023). Unwoke: How to Defeat Cultural Marxism in America. Regnery. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-68451-362-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-68451-362-8"><bdi>978-1-68451-362-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Unwoke%3A+How+to+Defeat+Cultural+Marxism+in+America&rft.pub=Regnery&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=978-1-68451-362-8&rft.aulast=Cruz&rft.aufirst=Ted&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATed+Cruz" class="Z3988"></li></ul> The title of the 2023 book references the term <a href="/wiki/Woke" title="Woke">woke</a>, which became prominent in American politics, and the <a href="/wiki/Cultural_Marxism_conspiracy_theory" title="Cultural Marxism conspiracy theory">Cultural Marxism conspiracy theory</a>, a topic Cruz has also mentioned in his speeches.<a href="#cite_note-434">[434]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HeidiTedCruzVers2Houston31MARCH2015_-_Copy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/HeidiTedCruzVers2Houston31MARCH2015_-_Copy.jpg/170px-HeidiTedCruzVers2Houston31MARCH2015_-_Copy.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="260" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/HeidiTedCruzVers2Houston31MARCH2015_-_Copy.jpg/255px-HeidiTedCruzVers2Houston31MARCH2015_-_Copy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/HeidiTedCruzVers2Houston31MARCH2015_-_Copy.jpg/340px-HeidiTedCruzVers2Houston31MARCH2015_-_Copy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2043" data-file-height="3127" /></a><figcaption>Cruz with his wife, Heidi, at a rally in <a href="/wiki/Houston" title="Houston">Houston</a>, March 2015</figcaption></figure> Cruz married <a href="/wiki/Heidi_Cruz" title="Heidi Cruz">Heidi Nelson</a> on May 27, 2001.<a href="#cite_note-435">[435]</a> The couple met when Cruz was working on <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush_presidential_campaign,_2000" class="mw-redirect" title="George W. Bush presidential campaign, 2000">George W. Bush's 2000 presidential campaign</a>. Heidi took leave from her position as head of the Southwest Region in the Investment Management Division of <a href="/wiki/Goldman_Sachs" title="Goldman Sachs">Goldman, Sachs & Co.</a> in 2016 to support Cruz's run for president.<a href="#cite_note-436">[436]</a> She previously worked in the <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a> for <a href="/wiki/Condoleezza_Rice" title="Condoleezza Rice">Condoleezza Rice</a> and in New York as an <a href="/wiki/Investment_banker" class="mw-redirect" title="Investment banker">investment banker</a>.<a href="#cite_note-437">[437]</a> Cruz lives with his wife and their two children in <a href="/wiki/River_Oaks,_Houston" title="River Oaks, Houston">River Oaks, Houston</a>.<a href="#cite_note-438">[438]</a><a href="#cite_note-439">[439]</a> Cruz has joked, "I'm Cuban, Irish, and Italian, and yet somehow I ended up <a href="/wiki/Southern_Baptist" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Baptist">Southern Baptist</a>."<a href="#cite_note-DMNCruzCuban12202012-440">[440]</a> He is fond of wearing <a href="/wiki/Cowboy_boots" class="mw-redirect" title="Cowboy boots">cowboy boots</a>, but he refrained from doing so when arguing before the Rehnquist court.<a href="#cite_note-441">[441]</a> As of 2018, according to <a href="/wiki/OpenSecrets" title="OpenSecrets">OpenSecrets</a>, Cruz's net worth was more than $3.1 million.<a href="#cite_note-net-worth-442">[442]</a> On March 8, 2020, Cruz began self-isolation after contact with a person infected with <a href="/wiki/Coronavirus_disease_2019" class="mw-redirect" title="Coronavirus disease 2019">COVID-19</a> at the <a href="/wiki/American_Conservative_Union" title="American Conservative Union">ACU's</a> <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Political_Action_Conference" title="Conservative Political Action Conference">Conservative Political Action Conference</a>. Staying at his home in Texas,<a href="#cite_note-443">[443]</a> he avoided contact with colleagues and constituents for 14 days. Cruz said he had been advised that the odds of contracting the virus were very low.<a href="#cite_note-444">[444]</a> In 2023, Cruz cameoed in <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Wire" title="The Daily Wire">The Daily Wire</a> comedy film <a href="/wiki/Lady_Ballers" title="Lady Ballers">Lady Ballers</a>.<a href="#cite_note-445">[445]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Electoral_history">Electoral history</h2></div> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background-color:#EAECF0;" rowspan="2">Year </th> <th style="background-color:#EAECF0;" rowspan="2">Office </th> <th style="background-color:#EAECF0;" rowspan="2">Type </th> <th style="background-color:#EAECF0;" colspan="2" rowspan="2">Party </th> <th style="background-color:#EAECF0;" rowspan="2">Main opponent </th> <th style="background-color:#EAECF0;" colspan="2" rowspan="2">Party </th> <th style="background-color:#EAECF0;" colspan="4">Votes for Cruz </th> <th style="background-color:#EAECF0;" rowspan="2">Result </th> <th style="background-color:#EAECF0;" rowspan="2"><abbr title="Reference">Ref</abbr>. </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color:#EAECF0;">Total </th> <th style="background-color:#EAECF0;">% </th> <th style="background-color:#EAECF0;"><abbr title="Position">P</abbr>. </th> <th style="background-color:#EAECF0;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style>±% </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color:#EAECF0;" rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_Senate_election_in_Texas" title="2012 United States Senate election in Texas">2012</a> </th> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Texas" title="List of United States senators from Texas">Senator</a> </td> <td>Primary </td> <td rowspan="3" style="background-color:#E81B23;"> </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/David_Dewhurst" title="David Dewhurst">David Dewhurst</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#E81B23;"> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> </td> <td>480,558 </td> <td>34.16% </td> <td>2nd </td> <td>N/A </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Won </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-446">[446]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Runoff </td> <td>631,812 </td> <td>56.82% </td> <td>1st </td> <td>N/A </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Won </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-447">[447]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>General </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Paul_Sadler" title="Paul Sadler">Paul Sadler</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#3333FF;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> </td> <td>4,440,137 </td> <td>56.46% </td> <td>1st </td> <td>-5.23% </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Won </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-448">[448]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color:#EAECF0;" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="2016 United States presidential election">2016</a> </th> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2016_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2016 Republican Party presidential primaries">Primary</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#E81B23;"> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#E81B23;"> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> </td> <td>7,822,100 </td> <td>25.08% </td> <td>2nd </td> <td>N/A </td> <td rowspan="2" style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Lost </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2016_Republican_National_Convention" title="2016 Republican National Convention">Convention</a> </td> <td>551 </td> <td>22.3% </td> <td>2nd </td> <td>N/A </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color:#EAECF0;" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/2018_United_States_Senate_election_in_Texas" title="2018 United States Senate election in Texas">2018</a> </th> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Texas" title="List of United States senators from Texas">Senator</a> </td> <td>Primary </td> <td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#E81B23;"> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> </td> <td>Mary Miller </td> <td style="background-color:#E81B23;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> </td> <td>1,322,724 </td> <td>85.36% </td> <td>1st </td> <td>+51.2% </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Won </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-United_States_Senate_Republican_primary_election_in_Texas,_2018-449">[449]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>General </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Beto_O%27Rourke" title="Beto O'Rourke">Beto O'Rourke</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#3333FF;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> </td> <td>4,260,553 </td> <td>50.89% </td> <td>1st </td> <td>-5.57% </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Won </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-450">[450]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#EAECF0;" colspan="14"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_theories_related_to_the_Trump%E2%80%93Ukraine_scandal" title="Conspiracy theories related to the Trump–Ukraine scandal">Conspiracy theories related to the Trump–Ukraine scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_foreign-born_United_States_politicians" title="List of foreign-born United States politicians">List of foreign-born United States politicians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_challenges_to_the_Patient_Protection_and_Affordable_Care_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Legal challenges to the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act">Legal challenges to the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans_in_the_United_States_Congress" title="List of Hispanic and Latino Americans in the United States Congress">List of Hispanic and Latino Americans in the United States Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_law_clerks_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States_(Chief_Justice)" title="List of law clerks of the Supreme Court of the United States (Chief Justice)">List of law clerks of the Supreme Court of the United States (Chief Justice)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_born_outside_the_United_States" title="List of United States senators born outside the United States">List of United States senators born outside the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_Supreme_Court_candidates" title="Donald Trump Supreme Court candidates">Donald Trump Supreme Court candidates</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCroucher2016" class="citation web cs1">Croucher, Shane (January 9, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2014/06/11/politics/ted-cruz-canada-citizenship/index.html">"It's official: Ted Cruz a citizen of the U.S. - and the U.S. only"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Newsweek" title="Newsweek">Newsweek</a>. Retrieved November 21, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Newsweek&rft.atitle=It%27s+official%3A+Ted+Cruz+a+citizen+of+the+U.S.+-+and+the+U.S.+only&rft.date=2016-01-09&rft.aulast=Croucher&rft.aufirst=Shane&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2014%2F06%2F11%2Fpolitics%2Fted-cruz-canada-citizenship%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATed+Cruz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.krwg.org/regional/2013-01-03/cruz-sworn-in-as-first-hispanic-texas-u-s-senator">"Cruz Sworn-In As First Hispanic Texas U.S. Senator"</a>. KRWG. January 3, 2013. Retrieved February 13, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=KRWG&rft.atitle=Cruz+Sworn-In+As+First+Hispanic+Texas+U.S.+Senator&rft.date=2013-01-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.krwg.org%2Fregional%2F2013-01-03%2Fcruz-sworn-in-as-first-hispanic-texas-u-s-senator&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATed+Cruz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CongressionalBio-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CongressionalBio_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CongressionalBio_3-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CongressionalBio_3-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CongressionalBio_3-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CongressionalBio_3-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CongressionalBio_3-5">f</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=C001098">"CRUZ, Rafael Edward (Ted) – Biographical Information"</a>. Bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved April 27, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CRUZ%2C+Rafael+Edward+%28Ted%29+%E2%80%93+Biographical+Information&rft.pub=Bioguide.congress.gov&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbioguide.congress.gov%2Fscripts%2Fbiodisplay.pl%3Findex%3DC001098&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATed+Cruz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-AustinAmStCruz-4"><a href="#cite_ref-AustinAmStCruz_4-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statesman.com/s/news/politics/ted-cruz/">U.S. senator Ted Cruz</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160405084103/http://www.statesman.com/s/news/politics/ted-cruz/">Archived</a> April 5, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austin_American-Statesman" title="Austin American-Statesman">Austin American-Statesman</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Macleans-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Macleans_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Macleans_5-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Macleans_5-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbelMarkusoff2016" class="citation news cs1">Abel, Allen; Markusoff, Jason (January 13, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.macleans.ca/politics/washington/ted-cruz-made-in-canada">"Ted Cruz: Made in Canada"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Maclean%27s_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Maclean's Magazine">Maclean's Magazine</a>. Retrieved January 15, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Maclean%27s+Magazine&rft.atitle=Ted+Cruz%3A+Made+in+Canada&rft.date=2016-01-13&rft.aulast=Abel&rft.aufirst=Allen&rft.au=Markusoff%2C+Jason&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.macleans.ca%2Fpolitics%2Fwashington%2Fted-cruz-made-in-canada&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATed+Cruz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPanetta2015" class="citation news cs1">Panetta, Alexander (May 9, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://calgaryherald.com/news/local-news/birthplace-of-president-ted-cruz-calgary-homeowner-hopes-it-never-happens">"Birthplace of President Ted Cruz? Calgary homeowner hopes it never happens"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Calgary_Herald" title="Calgary Herald">Calgary Herald</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Canadian_Press" title="The Canadian Press">The Canadian Press</a>. Retrieved January 15, 2015. <q>Steward is pretty sure the American conservative began life at the Foothills Medical Centre — a government-run, Canadian socialist hospital.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Calgary+Herald&rft.atitle=Birthplace+of+President+Ted+Cruz%3F+Calgary+homeowner+hopes+it+never+happens&rft.date=2015-05-09&rft.aulast=Panetta&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcalgaryherald.com%2Fnews%2Flocal-news%2Fbirthplace-of-president-ted-cruz-calgary-homeowner-hopes-it-never-happens&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATed+Cruz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Texplainer08132012-7"><a href="#cite_ref-Texplainer08132012_7-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFerguson2012" class="citation news cs1">Ferguson, John Wayne (August 13, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.texastribune.org/2012/08/13/texplainer-could-canadian-born-ted-cruz-be-preside/">"Texplainer: Could Canadian-Born Ted Cruz Be President?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Texas_Tribune" class="mw-redirect" title="Texas Tribune">Texas Tribune</a>. Retrieved August 17, 2013. <q>Bottom line: Despite being born in Canada, Cruz is a U.S. citizen because his mother was a U.S. citizen, according to constitutional experts.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Texas+Tribune&rft.atitle=Texplainer%3A+Could+Canadian-Born+Ted+Cruz+Be+President%3F&rft.date=2012-08-13&rft.aulast=Ferguson&rft.aufirst=John+Wayne&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.texastribune.org%2F2012%2F08%2F13%2Ftexplainer-could-canadian-born-ted-cruz-be-preside%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATed+Cruz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Time4Truth-8"><a href="#cite_ref-Time4Truth_8-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCruz,_Ted2015" class="citation book cs1">Cruz, Ted (2015). A Time For Truth: Reigniting the Promise of America. New York, NY: Broadside Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-236561-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-236561-3"><bdi>978-0-06-236561-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Time+For+Truth%3A+Reigniting+the+Promise+of+America&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=Broadside+Books&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-06-236561-3&rft.au=Cruz%2C+Ted&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATed+Cruz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CostaNatlRev08282013-9">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CostaNatlRev08282013_9-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CostaNatlRev08282013_9-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CostaNatlRev08282013_9-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCosta,_Robert2013" class="citation news cs1">Costa, Robert (August 28, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationalreview.com/article/356934/rise-rafael-cruz-robert-costa">"The Rise of Rafael Cruz"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Review" title="National Review">National Review</a>. Retrieved August 28, 2013. <q>Born in Matanzas, Cuba, he grew up in the Cuba middle class in the 1950s, as the son of an RCA salesman and an elementary-school teacher. As a teenager, he grew to detest the regime of <a href="/wiki/Fulgencio_Batista" title="Fulgencio Batista">Fulgencio Batista</a>. He and some of his schoolmates frequently clashed with Batista's officials. Eventually, he linked up with Castro's guerrilla groups and supported their attempts to overthrow Batista. It's a decision he still regrets. His move toward Castro, he explains, was mostly due to his anger with Batista's government, which at one point imprisoned him and tortured him for his work with the revolutionaries. He says he never shared Castro's Communism, but at the time, it was the best way to fight Batista's oppression. By age 18, in 1957, he knew he needed to get out, and a friend essentially bribed an official to secure him an exit permit.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Review&rft.atitle=The+Rise+of+Rafael+Cruz&rft.date=2013-08-28&rft.au=Costa%2C+Robert&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalreview.com%2Farticle%2F356934%2Frise-rafael-cruz-robert-costa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATed+Cruz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-GilmanDallasNews08182013-10"><a href="#cite_ref-GilmanDallasNews08182013_10-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGillman,_Todd_J.2013" class="citation news cs1">Gillman, Todd J. (August 18, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130819145057/http://www.dallasnews.com/news/politics/headlines/20130818-born-in-canada-ted-cruz-became-a-citizen-of-that-country-as-well-as-u.s..ece">"Canada-born Ted Cruz became a citizen of that country as well as U.S."</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Dallas_Morning_News" title="The Dallas Morning News">The Dallas Morning News</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dallasnews.com/news/politics/headlines/20130818-born-in-canada-ted-cruz-became-a-citizen-of-that-country-as-well-as-u.s..ece">the original</a> on August 19, 2013. Retrieved August 19, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Dallas+Morning+News&rft.atitle=Canada-born+Ted+Cruz+became+a+citizen+of+that+country+as+well+as+U.S.&rft.date=2013-08-18&rft.au=Gillman%2C+Todd+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dallasnews.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fheadlines%2F20130818-born-in-canada-ted-cruz-became-a-citizen-of-that-country-as-well-as-u.s..ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATed+Cruz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYTimesEckholm08012012-11">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYTimesEckholm08012012_11-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTimesEckholm08012012_11-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTimesEckholm08012012_11-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEckholm2012" class="citation news cs1">Eckholm, Erik (August 1, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/02/us/politics/republican-senate-candidate-in-texas-is-known-as-an-intellectual-force.html">"A Republican Voice With Tea Party Mantle and Intellectual Heft"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. Retrieved February 28, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=A+Republican+Voice+With+Tea+Party+Mantle+and+Intellectual+Heft&rft.date=2012-08-01&rft.aulast=Eckholm&rft.aufirst=Erik&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2012%2F08%2F02%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Frepublican-senate-candidate-in-texas-is-known-as-an-intellectual-force.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATed+Cruz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cruz.senate.gov/?p=about_senator">"About Senator Cruz"</a>. www.cruz.senate.gov. Retrieved January 8, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.cruz.senate.gov&rft.atitle=About+Senator+Cruz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cruz.senate.gov%2F%3Fp%3Dabout_senator&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATed+Cruz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdison_HaydenMallinBlake2016" class="citation web cs1">Edison Hayden, Michael; Mallin, Alexander; Blake, Paul (November 26, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/International/donald-trump-ted-cruz-us-political-figures-react/story?id=43790782">"Donald Trump, US Political Figures React to Fidel Castro's Death"</a>. <a href="/wiki/ABC_News_(United_States)" title="ABC News (United States)">ABC News</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=Donald+Trump%2C+US+Political+Figures+React+to+Fidel+Castro%27s+Death&rft.date=2016-11-26&rft.aulast=Edison+Hayden&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.au=Mallin%2C+Alexander&rft.au=Blake%2C+Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FInternational%2Fdonald-trump-ted-cruz-us-political-figures-react%2Fstory%3Fid%3D43790782&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATed+Cruz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHorowitz2015" class="citation news cs1">Horowitz, Jason (November 9, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/10/us/politics/cuban-peers-dispute-ted-cruzs-fathers-story-of-fighting-for-castro.html">"Cuban Peers Dispute Ted Cruz's Father's Story of Fighting for Castro (Published 2015)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved February 19, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Cuban+Peers+Dispute+Ted+Cruz%27s+Father%27s+Story+of+Fighting+for+Castro+%28Published+2015%29&rft.date=2015-11-09&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Horowitz&rft.aufirst=Jason&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2015%2F11%2F10%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Fcuban-peers-dispute-ted-cruzs-fathers-story-of-fighting-for-castro.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATed+Cruz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Welna20June-15"><a href="#cite_ref-Welna20June_15-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWelna2013" class="citation news cs1">Welna, David (June 20, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/sections/itsallpolitics/2013/06/20/193585553/how-ted-cruzs-father-shaped-his-views-on-immigration">"How Ted Cruz's Father Shaped His Views On Immigration"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a>. Retrieved December 14, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=How+Ted+Cruz%27s+Father+Shaped+His+Views+On+Immigration&rft.date=2013-06-20&rft.aulast=Welna&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Fsections%2Fitsallpolitics%2F2013%2F06%2F20%2F193585553%2Fhow-ted-cruzs-father-shaped-his-views-on-immigration&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATed+Cruz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-OlsenHousChron10132012-16">^ <a href="#cite_ref-OlsenHousChron10132012_16-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-OlsenHousChron10132012_16-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-OlsenHousChron10132012_16-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOlsen,_Lise2012" class="citation news cs1">Olsen, Lise (October 13, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chron.com/news/politics/article/Cruz-s-life-defies-simplification-3946523.php">"Cruz's life defies simplification"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Houston_Chronicle" title="Houston Chronicle">Houston Chronicle</a>. Retrieved August 28, 2013. <q>The ex-revolutionary pastor regularly stumps for his son, whom he's compared to the Old Testament prophet Jeremiah – a relentless advocate with "fire in his bones." Ted, he says, is "not going to Washington to compromise"</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Houston+Chronicle&rft.atitle=Cruz%27s+life+defies+simplification&rft.date=2012-10-13&rft.au=Olsen%2C+Lise&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chron.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Farticle%2FCruz-s-life-defies-simplification-3946523.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATed+Cruz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSwartz2015" class="citation news cs1">Swartz, Mimi (March 31, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/31/opinion/ted-cruz-and-the-new-politics-of-texas.html">"Ted Cruz and the New Politics of Texas"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. New York. Retrieved April 17, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Ted+Cruz+and+the+New+Politics+of+Texas&rft.date=2015-03-31&rft.aulast=Swartz&rft.aufirst=Mimi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2015%2F03%2F31%2Fopinion%2Fted-cruz-and-the-new-politics-of-texas.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATed+Cruz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOXNewsLatino04082013-18"><a href="#cite_ref-FOXNewsLatino04082013_18-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://latino.foxnews.com/latino/politics/2013/04/08/ted-cruz-father-and-inspiration-talks-about-latinos-conservatives-and-american">"Ted Cruz's Father Talks About Latinos, Conservatives and the American Dream"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Fox_Latin_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Fox Latin America">FOX News Latino</a>. 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Ted Cruz in campaign finance case"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0190-8286">0190-8286</a>. Retrieved January 22, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Supreme+Court+seems+likely+to+side+with+Sen.+Ted+Cruz+in+campaign+finance+case&rft.date=2022-01-19&rft.issn=0190-8286&rft.au=Robert+Barnes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fpolitics%2Fcourts_law%2Fsupreme-court-ted-cruz%2F2022%2F01%2F19%2F6eb9f4ec-7966-11ec-83e1-eaef0fe4b8c9_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATed+Cruz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-cruzfiles-108"><a href="#cite_ref-cruzfiles_108-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSullivan2016" class="citation news cs1">Sullivan, Sean (May 11, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2016/05/11/ted-cruz-files-to-run-for-reelection-in-2018/">"Ted Cruz files to run for reelection to the Senate in 2018"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. Retrieved July 25, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Ted+Cruz+files+to+run+for+reelection+to+the+Senate+in+2018&rft.date=2016-05-11&rft.aulast=Sullivan&rft.aufirst=Sean&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Fpost-politics%2Fwp%2F2016%2F05%2F11%2Fted-cruz-files-to-run-for-reelection-in-2018%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATed+Cruz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegreenpapers.com/G18/TX">"Texas 2018 General Election"</a>. The Green Papers. Retrieved December 10, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Green+Papers&rft.atitle=Texas+2018+General+Election&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegreenpapers.com%2FG18%2FTX&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATed+Cruz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaylorSeipel2018" class="citation web cs1">Taylor, Jessica; Seipel, Arnie (March 6, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210312001631/https://www.npr.org/2018/03/06/591162259/with-rising-voter-turnout-democrats-hope-to-turn-parts-of-texas-blue">"Texas Primary: Democratic Votes Surge, But Republicans Recover Early Vote Deficit"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2018/03/06/591162259/with-rising-voter-turnout-democrats-hope-to-turn-parts-of-texas-blue">the original</a> on March 12, 2021. Retrieved March 7, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Texas+Primary%3A+Democratic+Votes+Surge%2C+But+Republicans+Recover+Early+Vote+Deficit&rft.pub=NPR&rft.date=2018-03-06&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=Jessica&rft.au=Seipel%2C+Arnie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2018%2F03%2F06%2F591162259%2Fwith-rising-voter-turnout-democrats-hope-to-turn-parts-of-texas-blue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATed+Cruz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGolshan2018" class="citation web cs1">Golshan, Tara (September 12, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vox.com/2018/9/12/17841716/ted-cruz-beto-orourke-senate-midterm">"Ted Cruz's surprisingly competitive battle against Beto O'Rourke, explained"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Vox_(website)" title="Vox (website)">Vox</a>. Retrieved November 3, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ted+Cruz%27s+surprisingly+competitive+battle+against+Beto+O%27Rourke%2C+explained&rft.pub=Vox&rft.date=2018-09-12&rft.aulast=Golshan&rft.aufirst=Tara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vox.com%2F2018%2F9%2F12%2F17841716%2Fted-cruz-beto-orourke-senate-midterm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATed+Cruz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWallace2018" class="citation news cs1">Wallace, Jeremy (October 12, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.houstonchronicle.com/news/politics/texas/article/Cruz-vs-O-Rourke-is-most-expensive-U-S-Senate-13303745.php">"Cruz vs. O'Rourke is Most Expensive U.S. Senate Race in History"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Houston_Chronicle" title="Houston Chronicle">Houston Chronicle</a>. Retrieved November 17, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Houston+Chronicle&rft.atitle=Cruz+vs.+O%27Rourke+is+Most+Expensive+U.S.+Senate+Race+in+History&rft.date=2018-10-12&rft.aulast=Wallace&rft.aufirst=Jeremy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.houstonchronicle.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Ftexas%2Farticle%2FCruz-vs-O-Rourke-is-most-expensive-U-S-Senate-13303745.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATed+Cruz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-TXSOS11072018-113"><a href="#cite_ref-TXSOS11072018_113-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181115004347/https://enrpages.sos.state.tx.us/public/nov06_331_state.htm">"2018 General Election Election Night Returns"</a>. Texas Secretary of State. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://enrpages.sos.state.tx.us/public/nov06_331_state.htm">the original</a> on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 7, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2018+General+Election+Election+Night+Returns&rft.pub=Texas+Secretary+of+State&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fenrpages.sos.state.tx.us%2Fpublic%2Fnov06_331_state.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATed+Cruz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChan2022" class="citation web cs1">Chan, Sewell (November 20, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.texastribune.org/2022/11/19/ted-cruz-third-term-senate/">"U.S. Sen. Ted Cruz confirms he will seek a third term in 2024"</a>. Texas Tribune. Retrieved November 19, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Texas+Tribune&rft.atitle=U.S.+Sen.+Ted+Cruz+confirms+he+will+seek+a+third+term+in+2024&rft.date=2022-11-20&rft.aulast=Chan&rft.aufirst=Sewell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.texastribune.org%2F2022%2F11%2F19%2Fted-cruz-third-term-senate%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATed+Cruz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarragan2024" class="citation web cs1">Barragan, James (August 2, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.texastribune.org/2024/08/02/colin-allred-ted-cruz-kamala-harris/">"Colin Allred keeps Kamala Harris at arms length as he makes a play for the center"</a>. Texas Tribune. Retrieved August 2, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Texas+Tribune&rft.atitle=Colin+Allred+keeps+Kamala+Harris+at+arms+length+as+he+makes+a+play+for+the+center&rft.date=2024-08-02&rft.aulast=Barragan&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.texastribune.org%2F2024%2F08%2F02%2Fcolin-allred-ted-cruz-kamala-harris%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATed+Cruz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> Astudillo, Carla. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apps.texastribune.org/features/2024/texas-2024-general-election-results/">See real-time results from Texas for the November 2024 election</a>, <a href="/wiki/Texas_Tribune" class="mw-redirect" title="Texas Tribune">Texas Tribune</a>, November 5, 2024. </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.congress.gov/member/ted-cruz/2175?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%5B%22Ted+Cruz%22%5D%2C%22sponsorship%22%3A%22sponsored%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22bills%22%7D">"Senator Cruz's Legislation"</a>. 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Princeton University Press. p. 38. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-691-17419-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-691-17419-8"><bdi>978-0-691-17419-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctvc77mmb">j.ctvc77mmb</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Identity+Crisis%3A+The+2016+Presidential+Campaign+and+the+Battle+for+the+Meaning+of+America&rft.pages=38&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fj.ctvc77mmb%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.isbn=978-0-691-17419-8&rft.aulast=Sides&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Tesler%2C+Michael&rft.au=Vavreck%2C+Lynn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fj.ctvc77mmb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATed+Cruz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPopkin2020" class="citation book cs1">Popkin, Samuel L. (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UhklEAAAQBAJ">Crackup: The Republican Implosion and the Future of Presidential Politics</a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-091382-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-091382-3"><bdi>978-0-19-091382-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Crackup%3A+The+Republican+Implosion+and+the+Future+of+Presidential+Politics&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-0-19-091382-3&rft.aulast=Popkin&rft.aufirst=Samuel+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUhklEAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATed+Cruz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKirby2018" class="citation news cs1">Kirby, Jen (January 22, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vox.com/2018/1/22/16921166/ted-cruz-2013-shutdownsays-he-has-consistently-opposed-shutdowns">"Ted Cruz, mascot of the 2013 shutdown, says he has "consistently opposed shutdowns""</a>. <a href="/wiki/Vox_(website)" title="Vox (website)">Vox</a>. 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Retrieved September 10, 2024. <q>Senator Ted Cruz really thought he did something with this one.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Republic&rft.atitle=Ted+Cruz+Gets+Brutal+Reminder+After+Sharing+Racist+Migrants+Conspiracy&rft.date=2024-09-09&rft.aulast=Rashid&rft.aufirst=Hafiz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnewrepublic.com%2Fpost%2F185742%2Fted-cruz-reminder-migrants-pets-conspiracy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATed+Cruz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-399"><a href="#cite_ref-399">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoye2024" class="citation news cs1">Moye, David (September 9, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.huffpost.com/entry/sen-ted-cruz-racist-lie-immigrants-eating-pets_n_66df559fe4b01b464f3e5f55">"Ted Cruz Condemned For Posting Racist Lie About Immigrants Eating Pets"</a>. <a href="/wiki/HuffPost" title="HuffPost">HuffPost</a>. 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Retrieved December 5, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2018+General+Election&rft.pub=Texas+Secretary+of+State&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Felections.sos.state.tx.us%2Felchist331_race832.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATed+Cruz" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> Ted Cruz at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ted_Cruz" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Ted Cruz">Media</a> from Commons</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Ted_Cruz" class="extiw" title="n:Category:Ted Cruz">News</a> from Wikinews</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Ted_Cruz" class="extiw" title="q:Ted Cruz">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Rafael_Edward_Cruz" class="extiw" title="s:Author:Rafael Edward Cruz">Texts</a> from Wikisource</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/41px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/54px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2036942" class="extiw" title="d:Q2036942">Data</a> from Wikidata</li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cruz.senate.gov">Official Senate website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tedcruz.org/">Campaign website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oyez.org/advocates/r_ted_cruz">Appearances at the U.S. Supreme Court</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Oyez_Project" title="Oyez Project">Oyez Project</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ballotpedia.org/Ted_Cruz">Ted Cruz</a> at <a href="/wiki/Ballotpedia" title="Ballotpedia">Ballotpedia</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/person/?1019953">Appearances</a> on <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.texastribune.org/texas-people/ted-cruz/">Ted Cruz</a> collected news and commentary at <a href="/wiki/The_Texas_Tribune" title="The Texas Tribune">The Texas Tribune</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/c/ted_cruz/index.html">Ted Cruz</a> collected news and commentary at <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100521123956/http://www.morganlewis.com/bios/tcruz">R. (Ted) Edward Cruz</a> – profile at <a href="/wiki/Morgan,_Lewis_%26_Bockius" title="Morgan, Lewis & Bockius">Morgan, Lewis & Bockius</a> LLP (archived)</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=C001098">Biography</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Biographical_Directory_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="Biographical Directory of the United States Congress">Biographical Directory of the United States Congress</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S2TX00312">Financial information (federal office)</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Election_Commission" title="Federal Election Commission">Federal Election Commission</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.congress.gov/member/ted-cruz/2175">Legislation sponsored</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://justfacts.votesmart.org/candidate/135705">Profile</a> at <a href="/wiki/Vote_Smart" title="Vote Smart">Vote Smart</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/verdict-with-ted-cruz/id1495601614">Verdict with Ted Cruz</a> Ted Cruz podcast with co-host <a href="/wiki/Michael_J._Knowles" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael J. Knowles">Michael Knowles</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm5563034/">Ted Cruz</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #DDCEF2;">Legal offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Julie Parsley</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Solicitor_General_of_Texas" title="Solicitor General of Texas">Solicitor General of Texas</a> 2003–2008 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/James_C._Ho" title="James C. Ho">James C. Ho</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Party political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Kay_Bailey_Hutchison" title="Kay Bailey Hutchison">Kay Bailey Hutchison</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> nominee for <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Texas" title="List of United States senators from Texas">U.S. Senator</a> from <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a> (<a href="/wiki/Classes_of_United_States_senators" title="Classes of United States senators">Class 1</a>) <a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_Senate_election_in_Texas" title="2012 United States Senate election in Texas">2012</a>, <a href="/wiki/2018_United_States_Senate_election_in_Texas" title="2018 United States Senate election in Texas">2018</a>, <a href="/wiki/2024_United_States_Senate_election_in_Texas" title="2024 United States Senate election in Texas">2024</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Most recent </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senate</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Kay_Bailey_Hutchison" title="Kay Bailey Hutchison">Kay Bailey Hutchison</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Texas" title="List of United States senators from Texas"> U.S. senator (Class 1) from Texas</a> 2013–present Served alongside: <a href="/wiki/John_Cornyn" title="John Cornyn">John Cornyn</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Incumbent </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cfc;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_order_of_precedence" title="United States order of precedence">U.S. order of precedence</a> (ceremonial) </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Angus_King" title="Angus King">Angus King</a></div>as United States Senator from <a href="/wiki/Maine" title="Maine">Maine</a> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/United_States_order_of_precedence" title="United States order of precedence">Order of precedence of the United States</a> as United States Senator from <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a> since January 3, 2013 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Tammy_Baldwin" title="Tammy Baldwin">Tammy Baldwin</a></div>as United States Senator from <a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Tim_Kaine" title="Tim Kaine">Tim Kaine</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Seniority_in_the_United_States_Senate" title="Seniority in the United States Senate">United States senators by seniority</a> 50th </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Warren" title="Elizabeth Warren">Elizabeth Warren</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Chairs_and_ranking_members_of_United_States_Senate_committees" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_Senate_chairs" title="Template:US Senate chairs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:US_Senate_chairs" title="Template talk:US Senate chairs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_Senate_chairs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US Senate chairs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Chairs_and_ranking_members_of_United_States_Senate_committees" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Chairs and <a href="/wiki/Ranking_member" title="Ranking member">ranking members</a> of <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senate</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_current_United_States_Senate_committees" class="mw-redirect" title="List of current United States Senate committees">committees</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd plainlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold;">Chairs (Democratic)</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;">Ranking Members (Republican)</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;width:50%;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Special_Committee_on_Aging" title="United States Senate Special Committee on Aging">Aging (Special)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Bob_Casey_Jr." title="Bob Casey Jr.">Bob Casey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Agriculture,_Nutrition_and_Forestry" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition and Forestry">Agriculture, Nutrition and Forestry</a>: <a href="/wiki/Debbie_Stabenow" title="Debbie Stabenow">Debbie Stabenow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Appropriations" title="United States Senate Committee on Appropriations">Appropriations</a>: <a href="/wiki/Patty_Murray" title="Patty Murray">Patty Murray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Armed_Services" title="United States Senate Committee on Armed Services">Armed Services</a>: <a href="/wiki/Jack_Reed_(Rhode_Island_politician)" title="Jack Reed (Rhode Island politician)">Jack Reed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Banking,_Housing,_and_Urban_Affairs" title="United States Senate Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs">Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs</a>: <a href="/wiki/Sherrod_Brown" title="Sherrod Brown">Sherrod Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_the_Budget" title="United States Senate Committee on the Budget">Budget</a>: <a href="/wiki/Sheldon_Whitehouse" title="Sheldon Whitehouse">Sheldon Whitehouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Commerce,_Science,_and_Transportation" title="United States Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation">Commerce, Science and Transportation</a>: <a href="/wiki/Maria_Cantwell" title="Maria Cantwell">Maria Cantwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Energy_and_Natural_Resources" title="United States Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources">Energy and Natural Resources</a>: <a href="/wiki/Joe_Manchin" title="Joe Manchin">Joe Manchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Environment_and_Public_Works" title="United States Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works">Environment and Public Works</a>: <a href="/wiki/Tom_Carper" title="Tom Carper">Tom Carper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Select_Committee_on_Ethics" title="United States Senate Select Committee on Ethics">Ethics (Select)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Chris_Coons" title="Chris Coons">Chris Coons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Finance" title="United States Senate Committee on Finance">Finance</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ron_Wyden" title="Ron Wyden">Ron Wyden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Foreign_Relations" title="United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations">Foreign Relations</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ben_Cardin" title="Ben Cardin">Ben Cardin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Health,_Education,_Labor_and_Pensions" title="United States Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor and Pensions">Health, Education, Labor and Pensions</a>: <a href="/wiki/Bernie_Sanders" title="Bernie Sanders">Bernie Sanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Homeland_Security_and_Governmental_Affairs" title="United States Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs">Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs</a>: <a href="/wiki/Gary_Peters" title="Gary Peters">Gary Peters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Indian_Affairs" title="United States Senate Committee on Indian Affairs">Indian Affairs (Permanent Select)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Brian_Schatz" title="Brian Schatz">Brian Schatz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Select_Committee_on_Intelligence" title="United States Senate Select Committee on Intelligence">Intelligence (Select)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Mark_Warner" title="Mark Warner">Mark Warner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Narcotics_Control_Caucus" class="mw-redirect" title="International Narcotics Control Caucus">International Narcotics Control (Permanent Caucus)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Sheldon_Whitehouse" title="Sheldon Whitehouse">Sheldon Whitehouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_the_Judiciary" title="United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary">Judiciary</a>: <a href="/wiki/Dick_Durbin" title="Dick Durbin">Dick Durbin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Rules_and_Administration" title="United States Senate Committee on Rules and Administration">Rules and Administration</a>: <a href="/wiki/Amy_Klobuchar" title="Amy Klobuchar">Amy Klobuchar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Small_Business_and_Entrepreneurship" title="United States Senate Committee on Small Business and Entrepreneurship">Small Business and Entrepreneurship</a>: <a href="/wiki/Jeanne_Shaheen" title="Jeanne Shaheen">Jeanne Shaheen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Veterans%27_Affairs" title="United States Senate Committee on Veterans' Affairs">Veterans' Affairs</a>: <a href="/wiki/Jon_Tester" title="Jon Tester">Jon Tester</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:50%;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Special_Committee_on_Aging" title="United States Senate Special Committee on Aging">Aging (Special)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Mike_Braun" title="Mike Braun">Mike Braun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Agriculture,_Nutrition_and_Forestry" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition and Forestry">Agriculture, Nutrition and Forestry</a>: <a href="/wiki/John_Boozman" title="John Boozman">John Boozman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Appropriations" title="United States Senate Committee on Appropriations">Appropriations</a>: <a href="/wiki/Susan_Collins" title="Susan Collins">Susan Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Armed_Services" title="United States Senate Committee on Armed Services">Armed Services</a>: <a href="/wiki/Roger_Wicker" title="Roger Wicker">Roger Wicker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Banking,_Housing,_and_Urban_Affairs" title="United States Senate Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs">Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs</a>: <a href="/wiki/Tim_Scott" title="Tim Scott">Tim Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_the_Budget" title="United States Senate Committee on the Budget">Budget</a>: <a href="/wiki/Chuck_Grassley" title="Chuck Grassley">Chuck Grassley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Commerce,_Science,_and_Transportation" title="United States Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation">Commerce, Science and Transportation</a>: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ted Cruz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Energy_and_Natural_Resources" title="United States Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources">Energy and Natural Resources</a>: <a href="/wiki/John_Barrasso" title="John Barrasso">John Barrasso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Environment_and_Public_Works" title="United States Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works">Environment and Public Works</a>: <a href="/wiki/Shelley_Moore_Capito" title="Shelley Moore Capito">Shelley Moore Capito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Select_Committee_on_Ethics" title="United States Senate Select Committee on Ethics">Ethics (Select)</a>: <a href="/wiki/James_Lankford" title="James Lankford">James Lankford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Finance" title="United States Senate Committee on Finance">Finance</a>: <a href="/wiki/Mike_Crapo" title="Mike Crapo">Mike Crapo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Foreign_Relations" title="United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations">Foreign Relations</a>: <a href="/wiki/Jim_Risch" title="Jim Risch">Jim Risch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Health,_Education,_Labor_and_Pensions" title="United States Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor and Pensions">Health, Education, Labor and Pensions</a>: <a href="/wiki/Bill_Cassidy" title="Bill Cassidy">Bill Cassidy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Homeland_Security_and_Governmental_Affairs" title="United States Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs">Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs</a>: <a href="/wiki/Rand_Paul" title="Rand Paul">Rand Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Indian_Affairs" title="United States Senate Committee on Indian Affairs">Indian Affairs (Permanent Select)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Lisa_Murkowski" title="Lisa Murkowski">Lisa Murkowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Select_Committee_on_Intelligence" title="United States Senate Select Committee on Intelligence">Intelligence (Select)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Marco_Rubio" title="Marco Rubio">Marco Rubio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Narcotics_Control_Caucus" class="mw-redirect" title="International Narcotics Control Caucus">International Narcotics Control (Permanent Caucus)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Chuck_Grassley" title="Chuck Grassley">Chuck Grassley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_the_Judiciary" title="United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary">Judiciary</a>: <a href="/wiki/Lindsey_Graham" title="Lindsey Graham">Lindsey Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Rules_and_Administration" title="United States Senate Committee on Rules and Administration">Rules and Administration</a>: <a href="/wiki/Deb_Fischer" title="Deb Fischer">Deb Fischer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Small_Business_and_Entrepreneurship" title="United States Senate Committee on Small Business and Entrepreneurship">Small Business and Entrepreneurship</a>: <a href="/wiki/Joni_Ernst" title="Joni Ernst">Joni Ernst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Veterans%27_Affairs" title="United States Senate Committee on Veterans' Affairs">Veterans' Affairs</a>: <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Moran" title="Jerry Moran">Jerry Moran</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Statewide_political_officials_of_Texas" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Texas_statewide_political_officials" title="Template:Texas statewide political officials"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Texas_statewide_political_officials" title="Template talk:Texas statewide political officials"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Texas_statewide_political_officials" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Texas statewide political officials"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Statewide_political_officials_of_Texas" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Statewide political officials of <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. senators</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Cornyn" title="John Cornyn">John Cornyn</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ted Cruz</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Seal_of_Texas.svg/90px-Seal_of_Texas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Seal_of_Texas.svg/135px-Seal_of_Texas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Seal_of_Texas.svg/180px-Seal_of_Texas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="524" data-file-height="524" /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Texas" title="Government of Texas">State government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greg_Abbott" title="Greg Abbott">Greg Abbott</a>, <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Texas" title="Governor of Texas">Governor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Patrick_(politician)" title="Dan Patrick (politician)">Dan Patrick</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Texas" title="Lieutenant Governor of Texas">Lieutenant Governor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Nelson" title="Jane Nelson">Jane Nelson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_of_Texas" title="Secretary of State of Texas">Secretary of State</a> (appointed)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ken_Paxton" title="Ken Paxton">Ken Paxton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Texas_Attorney_General" title="Texas Attorney General">Attorney General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenn_Hegar" title="Glenn Hegar">Glenn Hegar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Texas_Comptroller_of_Public_Accounts" title="Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts">Comptroller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawn_Buckingham" title="Dawn Buckingham">Dawn Buckingham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Texas_General_Land_Office" title="Texas General Land Office">Land Commissioner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sid_Miller_(politician)" title="Sid Miller (politician)">Sid Miller</a>, <a href="/wiki/Texas_Department_of_Agriculture" title="Texas Department of Agriculture">Agriculture Commissioner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayne_Christian" title="Wayne Christian">Wayne Christian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christi_Craddick" title="Christi Craddick">Christi Craddick</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jim_Wright_(commissioner)" title="Jim Wright (commissioner)">Jim Wright</a>, <a href="/wiki/Railroad_Commission_of_Texas" title="Railroad Commission of Texas">Railroad Commissioners</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Texas_Senate" title="Texas Senate">Senate</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Patrick_(politician)" title="Dan Patrick (politician)">Dan Patrick</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Texas" title="Lieutenant Governor of Texas">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Schwertner" title="Charles Schwertner">Charles Schwertner</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_pro_tempore_of_the_Texas_Senate" title="List of presidents pro tempore of the Texas Senate">President pro tempore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Paxton" title="Angela Paxton">Angela Paxton</a>, Majority Leader</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carol_Alvarado" title="Carol Alvarado">Carol Alvarado</a>, Minority Leader</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Texas_House_of_Representatives" title="Texas House of Representatives">House</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dade_Phelan" title="Dade Phelan">Dade Phelan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_Texas_House_of_Representatives" title="Speaker of the Texas House of Representatives">Speaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Geren" title="Charlie Geren">Charlie Geren</a>, Speaker pro tempore</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Oliverson" title="Tom Oliverson">Tom Oliverson</a>, Majority Leader</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trey_Martinez_Fischer" title="Trey Martinez Fischer">Trey Martinez Fischer</a>, Minority Leader</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Texas" title="Supreme Court of Texas">Supreme Court</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Hecht" title="Nathan Hecht">Nathan Hecht</a>, Chief Justice</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Blacklock" title="Jimmy Blacklock">Jimmy Blacklock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debra_Lehrmann" title="Debra Lehrmann">Debra Lehrmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_P._Devine_(judge)" title="John P. Devine (judge)">John P. Devine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebeca_Huddle" title="Rebeca Huddle">Rebeca Huddle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Bland" title="Jane Bland">Jane Bland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_S._Boyd" title="Jeffrey S. Boyd">Jeffrey S. Boyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Brett_Busby" title="J. Brett Busby">J. Brett Busby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evan_Young" title="Evan Young">Evan Young</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Texas_Court_of_Criminal_Appeals" title="Texas Court of Criminal Appeals">Court of Criminal Appeals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sharon_Keller" title="Sharon Keller">Sharon Keller</a>, Presiding Judge</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Lou_Keel" title="Mary Lou Keel">Mary Lou Keel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bert_Richardson_(judge)" title="Bert Richardson (judge)">Bert Richardson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Yeary" title="Kevin Yeary">Kevin Yeary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Walker_(judge)" title="Scott Walker (judge)">Scott Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_McClure" title="Jesse McClure">Jesse McClure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Hervey" class="mw-redirect" title="Barbara Hervey">Barbara Hervey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelle_Slaughter" title="Michelle Slaughter">Michelle Slaughter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Newell_(judge)" title="David Newell (judge)">David Newell</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Texas&#039;s_current_delegation_to_the_United_States_Congress" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:TX-FedRep" title="Template:TX-FedRep"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:TX-FedRep" title="Template talk:TX-FedRep"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:TX-FedRep" title="Special:EditPage/Template:TX-FedRep"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Texas&#039;s_current_delegation_to_the_United_States_Congress" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_States_congressional_delegations_from_Texas" title="United States congressional delegations from Texas">Texas's current delegation</a> to the <a href="/wiki/117th_United_States_Congress" title="117th United States Congress">United States Congress</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Texas" title="List of United States senators from Texas">Senators</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>▌<a href="/wiki/John_Cornyn" title="John Cornyn">John Cornyn</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ted Cruz</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Texas" title="List of United States representatives from Texas">Representatives (ordered by district)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>▌<a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Moran" title="Nathaniel Moran">Nathaniel Moran</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Dan_Crenshaw" title="Dan Crenshaw">Dan Crenshaw</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Keith_Self" title="Keith Self">Keith Self</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Pat_Fallon" title="Pat Fallon">Pat Fallon</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Lance_Gooden" title="Lance Gooden">Lance Gooden</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Jake_Ellzey" title="Jake Ellzey">Jake Ellzey</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Lizzie_Fletcher" title="Lizzie Fletcher">Lizzie Fletcher</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Morgan_Luttrell" title="Morgan Luttrell">Morgan Luttrell</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Al_Green_(politician)" title="Al Green (politician)">Al Green</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Michael_McCaul" title="Michael McCaul">Michael McCaul</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/August_Pfluger" title="August Pfluger">August Pfluger</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Kay_Granger" title="Kay Granger">Kay Granger</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Ronny_Jackson" title="Ronny Jackson">Ronny Jackson</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Randy_Weber" title="Randy Weber">Randy Weber</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Monica_De_La_Cruz" title="Monica De La Cruz">Monica De La Cruz</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Veronica_Escobar" title="Veronica Escobar">Veronica Escobar</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Pete_Sessions" title="Pete Sessions">Pete Sessions</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Erica_Lee_Carter" title="Erica Lee Carter">Erica Lee Carter</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Jodey_Arrington" title="Jodey Arrington">Jodey Arrington</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Joaquin_Castro" title="Joaquin Castro">Joaquin Castro</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Chip_Roy" title="Chip Roy">Chip Roy</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Troy_Nehls" title="Troy Nehls">Troy Nehls</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Tony_Gonzales" title="Tony Gonzales">Tony Gonzales</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Beth_Van_Duyne" title="Beth Van Duyne">Beth Van Duyne</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Roger_Williams_(Texas_politician)" title="Roger Williams (Texas politician)">Roger Williams</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Michael_C._Burgess" title="Michael C. Burgess">Michael C. Burgess</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Michael_Cloud" title="Michael Cloud">Michael Cloud</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Henry_Cuellar" title="Henry Cuellar">Henry Cuellar</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Sylvia_Garcia" title="Sylvia Garcia">Sylvia Garcia</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Jasmine_Crockett" title="Jasmine Crockett">Jasmine Crockett</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/John_Carter_(Texas_politician)" title="John Carter (Texas politician)">John Carter</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Colin_Allred" title="Colin Allred">Colin Allred</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Marc_Veasey" title="Marc Veasey">Marc Veasey</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Vicente_Gonzalez_(politician)" title="Vicente Gonzalez (politician)">Vicente Gonzalez</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Greg_Casar" title="Greg Casar">Greg Casar</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Brian_Babin" title="Brian Babin">Brian Babin</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Doggett" title="Lloyd Doggett">Lloyd Doggett</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Wesley_Hunt" title="Wesley Hunt">Wesley Hunt</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Current_United_States_senators" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Current_U.S._senators" title="Template:Current U.S. senators"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Current_U.S._senators" title="Template talk:Current U.S. senators"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Current_U.S._senators" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Current U.S. senators"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Current_United_States_senators" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_United_States_senators" title="List of current United States senators">Current United States senators</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States#Constitutional_roles" title="Vice President of the United States">President</a>: ▌ <a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Kamala Harris</a> (D) ‧ <a href="/wiki/President_pro_tempore_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="President pro tempore of the United States Senate">President pro tempore</a>: ▌ <a href="/wiki/Patty_Murray" title="Patty Murray">Patty Murray</a> (D)</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd plainlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent; text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 14em;"> <ul><li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Alabama" title="List of United States senators from Alabama">AL</a>:</div> ▌ <a href="/wiki/Tommy_Tuberville" title="Tommy Tuberville">Tuberville</a> (R)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> ▌ <a href="/wiki/Katie_Britt" title="Katie Britt">Britt</a> (R)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Alaska" title="List of United States senators from Alaska">AK</a>:</div> ▌ <a href="/wiki/Lisa_Murkowski" title="Lisa Murkowski">Murkowski</a> (R)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> ▌ <a href="/wiki/Dan_Sullivan_(U.S._senator)" title="Dan Sullivan (U.S. senator)">Sullivan</a> (R)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Arizona" title="List of United States senators from Arizona">AZ</a>:</div> ▌ <a href="/wiki/Kyrsten_Sinema" title="Kyrsten Sinema">Sinema</a> (I)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> ▌ <a href="/wiki/Mark_Kelly" title="Mark Kelly">Kelly</a> (D)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Arkansas" title="List of United States senators from Arkansas">AR</a>:</div> ▌ <a href="/wiki/John_Boozman" title="John Boozman">Boozman</a> (R)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> ▌ <a href="/wiki/Tom_Cotton" title="Tom Cotton">Cotton</a> (R)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_California" title="List of United States senators from California">CA</a>:</div> ▌ <a href="/wiki/Alex_Padilla" title="Alex Padilla">Padilla</a> (D)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> ▌ <a href="/wiki/Laphonza_Butler" title="Laphonza Butler">Butler</a> (D)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Colorado" title="List of United States senators from Colorado">CO</a>:</div> ▌ <a href="/wiki/Michael_Bennet" title="Michael Bennet">Bennet</a> (D)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> ▌ <a href="/wiki/John_Hickenlooper" title="John Hickenlooper">Hickenlooper</a> (D)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Connecticut" title="List of United States senators from Connecticut">CT</a>:</div> ▌ <a href="/wiki/Richard_Blumenthal" title="Richard Blumenthal">Blumenthal</a> (D)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> ▌ <a href="/wiki/Chris_Murphy" title="Chris Murphy">Murphy</a> (D)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Delaware" title="List of United States senators from Delaware">DE</a>:</div> ▌ <a href="/wiki/Tom_Carper" title="Tom Carper">Carper</a> (D)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> ▌ <a href="/wiki/Chris_Coons" title="Chris Coons">Coons</a> (D)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Florida" title="List of United States senators from Florida">FL</a>:</div> ▌ <a href="/wiki/Marco_Rubio" title="Marco Rubio">Rubio</a> (R)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> ▌ <a href="/wiki/Rick_Scott" title="Rick Scott">R. Scott</a> (R)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Georgia" title="List of United States senators from Georgia">GA</a>:</div> ▌ <a href="/wiki/Jon_Ossoff" title="Jon Ossoff">Ossoff</a> (D)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> ▌ <a href="/wiki/Raphael_Warnock" title="Raphael Warnock">Warnock</a> (D)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Hawaii" title="List of United States senators from Hawaii">HI</a>:</div> ▌ <a href="/wiki/Brian_Schatz" title="Brian Schatz">Schatz</a> (D)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> ▌ <a href="/wiki/Mazie_Hirono" title="Mazie Hirono">Hirono</a> (D)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Idaho" title="List of United States senators from Idaho">ID</a>:</div> ▌ <a href="/wiki/Mike_Crapo" title="Mike Crapo">Crapo</a> (R)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> ▌ <a href="/wiki/Jim_Risch" title="Jim Risch">Risch</a> (R)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Illinois" title="List of United States senators from Illinois">IL</a>:</div> ▌ <a href="/wiki/Dick_Durbin" title="Dick Durbin">Durbin</a> (D)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> ▌ <a href="/wiki/Tammy_Duckworth" title="Tammy Duckworth">Duckworth</a> (D)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Indiana" title="List of United States senators from Indiana">IN</a>:</div> ▌ <a href="/wiki/Todd_Young" title="Todd Young">Young</a> (R)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> ▌ <a href="/wiki/Mike_Braun" title="Mike Braun">Braun</a> (R)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Iowa" title="List of United States senators from Iowa">IA</a>:</div> ▌ <a href="/wiki/Chuck_Grassley" title="Chuck Grassley">Grassley</a> (R)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> ▌ <a href="/wiki/Joni_Ernst" title="Joni Ernst">Ernst</a> (R)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Kansas" title="List of United States senators from Kansas">KS</a>:</div> ▌ <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Moran" title="Jerry Moran">Moran</a> (R)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> ▌ <a href="/wiki/Roger_Marshall" title="Roger Marshall">Marshall</a> (R)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Kentucky" title="List of United States senators from Kentucky">KY</a>:</div> ▌ <a href="/wiki/Mitch_McConnell" title="Mitch McConnell">McConnell</a> (R)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> ▌ <a href="/wiki/Rand_Paul" title="Rand Paul">Paul</a> (R)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Louisiana" title="List of United States senators from Louisiana">LA</a>:</div> ▌ <a href="/wiki/Bill_Cassidy" title="Bill Cassidy">Cassidy</a> (R)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> ▌ <a href="/wiki/John_Kennedy_(Louisiana_politician)" title="John Kennedy (Louisiana politician)">Kennedy</a> (R)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Maine" title="List of United States senators from Maine">ME</a>:</div> ▌ <a href="/wiki/Susan_Collins" title="Susan Collins">Collins</a> (R)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> ▌ <a href="/wiki/Angus_King" title="Angus King">King</a> (I)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Maryland" title="List of United States senators from Maryland">MD</a>:</div> ▌ <a href="/wiki/Ben_Cardin" title="Ben Cardin">Cardin</a> (D)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> ▌ <a href="/wiki/Chris_Van_Hollen" title="Chris Van Hollen">Van Hollen</a> (D)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States senators from Massachusetts">MA</a>:</div> ▌ <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Warren" title="Elizabeth Warren">Warren</a> (D)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> ▌ <a href="/wiki/Ed_Markey" title="Ed Markey">Markey</a> (D)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Michigan" title="List of United States senators from Michigan">MI</a>:</div> ▌ <a href="/wiki/Debbie_Stabenow" title="Debbie Stabenow">Stabenow</a> (D)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> ▌ <a href="/wiki/Gary_Peters" title="Gary Peters">Peters</a> (D)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Minnesota" title="List of United States senators from Minnesota">MN</a>:</div> ▌ <a href="/wiki/Amy_Klobuchar" title="Amy Klobuchar">Klobuchar</a> (D)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> ▌ <a href="/wiki/Tina_Smith" title="Tina Smith">Smith</a> (D)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Mississippi" title="List of United States senators from Mississippi">MS</a>:</div> ▌ <a href="/wiki/Roger_Wicker" title="Roger Wicker">Wicker</a> (R)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> ▌ <a href="/wiki/Cindy_Hyde-Smith" title="Cindy Hyde-Smith">Hyde-Smith</a> (R)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Missouri" title="List of United States senators from Missouri">MO</a>:</div> ▌ <a href="/wiki/Josh_Hawley" title="Josh Hawley">Hawley</a> (R)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> ▌ <a href="/wiki/Eric_Schmitt" title="Eric Schmitt">Schmitt</a> (R)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Montana" title="List of United States senators from Montana">MT</a>:</div> ▌ <a href="/wiki/Jon_Tester" title="Jon Tester">Tester</a> (D)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> ▌ <a href="/wiki/Steve_Daines" title="Steve Daines">Daines</a> (R)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Nebraska" title="List of United States senators from Nebraska">NE</a>:</div> ▌ <a href="/wiki/Deb_Fischer" title="Deb Fischer">Fischer</a> (R)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> ▌ <a href="/wiki/Pete_Ricketts" title="Pete Ricketts">Ricketts</a> (R)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Nevada" title="List of United States senators from Nevada">NV</a>:</div> ▌ <a href="/wiki/Catherine_Cortez_Masto" title="Catherine Cortez Masto">Cortez Masto</a> (D)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> ▌ <a href="/wiki/Jacky_Rosen" title="Jacky Rosen">Rosen</a> (D)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_New_Hampshire" title="List of United States senators from New Hampshire">NH</a>:</div> ▌ <a href="/wiki/Jeanne_Shaheen" title="Jeanne Shaheen">Shaheen</a> (D)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> ▌ <a href="/wiki/Maggie_Hassan" title="Maggie Hassan">Hassan</a> (D)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_New_Jersey" title="List of United States senators from New Jersey">NJ</a>:</div> ▌ <a href="/wiki/Cory_Booker" title="Cory Booker">Booker</a> (D)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> ▌ <a href="/wiki/George_Helmy" title="George Helmy">Helmy</a> (D)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_New_Mexico" title="List of United States senators from New Mexico">NM</a>:</div> ▌ <a href="/wiki/Martin_Heinrich" title="Martin Heinrich">Heinrich</a> (D)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> ▌ <a href="/wiki/Ben_Ray_Luj%C3%A1n" title="Ben Ray Luján">Luján</a> (D)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_New_York" title="List of United States senators from New York">NY</a>:</div> ▌ <a href="/wiki/Chuck_Schumer" title="Chuck Schumer">Schumer</a> (D)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> ▌ <a href="/wiki/Kirsten_Gillibrand" title="Kirsten Gillibrand">Gillibrand</a> (D)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_North_Carolina" title="List of United States senators from North Carolina">NC</a>:</div> ▌ <a href="/wiki/Thom_Tillis" title="Thom Tillis">Tillis</a> (R)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> ▌ <a href="/wiki/Ted_Budd" title="Ted Budd">Budd</a> (R)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_North_Dakota" title="List of United States senators from North Dakota">ND</a>:</div> ▌ <a href="/wiki/John_Hoeven" title="John Hoeven">Hoeven</a> (R)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> ▌ <a href="/wiki/Kevin_Cramer" title="Kevin Cramer">Cramer</a> (R)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Ohio" title="List of United States senators from Ohio">OH</a>:</div> ▌ <a href="/wiki/Sherrod_Brown" title="Sherrod Brown">Brown</a> (D)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> ▌ <a href="/wiki/JD_Vance" title="JD Vance">Vance</a> (R)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Oklahoma" title="List of United States senators from Oklahoma">OK</a>:</div> ▌ <a href="/wiki/James_Lankford" title="James Lankford">Lankford</a> (R)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> ▌ <a href="/wiki/Markwayne_Mullin" title="Markwayne Mullin">Mullin</a> (R)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Oregon" title="List of United States senators from Oregon">OR</a>:</div> ▌ <a href="/wiki/Ron_Wyden" title="Ron Wyden">Wyden</a> (D)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> ▌ <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Merkley" title="Jeff Merkley">Merkley</a> (D)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Pennsylvania" title="List of United States senators from Pennsylvania">PA</a>:</div> ▌ <a href="/wiki/Bob_Casey_Jr." title="Bob Casey Jr.">Casey</a> (D)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> ▌ <a href="/wiki/John_Fetterman" title="John Fetterman">Fetterman</a> (D)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Rhode_Island" title="List of United States senators from Rhode Island">RI</a>:</div> ▌ <a href="/wiki/Jack_Reed_(Rhode_Island_politician)" title="Jack Reed (Rhode Island politician)">Reed</a> (D)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> ▌ <a href="/wiki/Sheldon_Whitehouse" title="Sheldon Whitehouse">Whitehouse</a> (D)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_South_Carolina" title="List of United States senators from South Carolina">SC</a>:</div> ▌ <a href="/wiki/Lindsey_Graham" title="Lindsey Graham">Graham</a> (R)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> ▌ <a href="/wiki/Tim_Scott" title="Tim Scott">T. Scott</a> (R)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_South_Dakota" title="List of United States senators from South Dakota">SD</a>:</div> ▌ <a href="/wiki/John_Thune" title="John Thune">Thune</a> (R)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> ▌ <a href="/wiki/Mike_Rounds" title="Mike Rounds">Rounds</a> (R)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Tennessee" title="List of United States senators from Tennessee">TN</a>:</div> ▌ <a href="/wiki/Marsha_Blackburn" title="Marsha Blackburn">Blackburn</a> (R)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> ▌ <a href="/wiki/Bill_Hagerty" title="Bill Hagerty">Hagerty</a> (R)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Texas" title="List of United States senators from Texas">TX</a>:</div> ▌ <a href="/wiki/John_Cornyn" title="John Cornyn">Cornyn</a> (R)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> ▌ <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cruz</a> (R)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Utah" title="List of United States senators from Utah">UT</a>:</div> ▌ <a href="/wiki/Mike_Lee" title="Mike Lee">Lee</a> (R)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> ▌ <a href="/wiki/Mitt_Romney" title="Mitt Romney">Romney</a> (R)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Vermont" title="List of United States senators from Vermont">VT</a>:</div> ▌ <a href="/wiki/Bernie_Sanders" title="Bernie Sanders">Sanders</a> (I)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> ▌ <a href="/wiki/Peter_Welch" title="Peter Welch">Welch</a> (D)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Virginia" title="List of United States senators from Virginia">VA</a>:</div> ▌ <a href="/wiki/Mark_Warner" title="Mark Warner">Warner</a> (D)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> ▌ <a href="/wiki/Tim_Kaine" title="Tim Kaine">Kaine</a> (D)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Washington" title="List of United States senators from Washington">WA</a>:</div> ▌ <a href="/wiki/Patty_Murray" title="Patty Murray">Murray</a> (D)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> ▌ <a href="/wiki/Maria_Cantwell" title="Maria Cantwell">Cantwell</a> (D)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_West_Virginia" title="List of United States senators from West Virginia">WV</a>:</div> ▌ <a href="/wiki/Joe_Manchin" title="Joe Manchin">Manchin</a> (I)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> ▌ <a href="/wiki/Shelley_Moore_Capito" title="Shelley Moore Capito">Capito</a> (R)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Wisconsin" title="List of United States senators from Wisconsin">WI</a>:</div> ▌ <a href="/wiki/Ron_Johnson" title="Ron Johnson">Johnson</a> (R)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> ▌ <a href="/wiki/Tammy_Baldwin" title="Tammy Baldwin">Baldwin</a> (D)</div></li> <li><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Wyoming" title="List of United States senators from Wyoming">WY</a>:</div> ▌ <a href="/wiki/John_Barrasso" title="John Barrasso">Barrasso</a> (R)</div><div><div style="width:3em; display:inline-block; text-align:right">⎣</div> ▌ <a href="/wiki/Cynthia_Lummis" title="Cynthia Lummis">Lummis</a> (R)</div></li></ul> </div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/100px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/150px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/200px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li>▌ <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a>: 49</li> <li>▌ <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a>: 47</li> <li>▌ <a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a>: 4</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Solicitors_General_of_Texas" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Texas_State_Solicitors_General" title="Template:Texas State Solicitors General"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Texas_State_Solicitors_General" title="Template talk:Texas State Solicitors General"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Texas_State_Solicitors_General" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Texas State Solicitors General"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Solicitors_General_of_Texas" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Solicitor_General_of_Texas" title="Solicitor General of Texas">Solicitors General of Texas</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greg_Coleman_(jurist)" title="Greg Coleman (jurist)">Greg Coleman</a> (1999–2001)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Julie_Parsley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Julie Parsley (page does not exist)">Julie Parsley</a> (2001–02)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ted Cruz</a> (2003–2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_C._Ho" title="James C. Ho">James C. Ho</a> (2008–2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_F._Mitchell" title="Jonathan F. Mitchell">Jonathan F. Mitchell</a> (2010–2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_A._Keller" title="Scott A. Keller">Scott A. Keller</a> (2015–2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyle_D._Hawkins" title="Kyle D. Hawkins">Kyle D. Hawkins</a> (2018–2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judd_Stone" title="Judd Stone">Judd Stone</a> (2021–2023)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aaron_Nielson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aaron Nielson (page does not exist)">Aaron Nielson</a> (2023–Present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_States_senators_from_Texas" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_senators_from_Texas" title="Template:United States senators from Texas"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_senators_from_Texas" title="Template talk:United States senators from Texas"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_senators_from_Texas" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States senators from Texas"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_senators_from_Texas" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Texas" title="List of United States senators from Texas">United States senators from Texas</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Class 1</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson_Rusk" title="Thomas Jefferson Rusk">Rusk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Pinckney_Henderson" title="J. Pinckney Henderson">Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthias_Ward" title="Matthias Ward">Ward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Wigfall" title="Louis Wigfall">Wigfall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._W._Flanagan" title="J. W. Flanagan">Flanagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_B._Maxey" title="Samuel B. Maxey">Maxey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_H._Reagan" title="John H. Reagan">Reagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horace_Chilton" title="Horace Chilton">Chilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Q._Mills" title="Roger Q. Mills">Mills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_A._Culberson" title="Charles A. Culberson">Culberson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earle_B._Mayfield" title="Earle B. Mayfield">Mayfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Connally" title="Tom Connally">Connally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Price_Daniel" title="Price Daniel">Daniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_A._Blakley" title="William A. Blakley">Blakley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Yarborough" title="Ralph Yarborough">Yarborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Bentsen" title="Lloyd Bentsen">Bentsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Krueger" title="Bob Krueger">Krueger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kay_Bailey_Hutchison" title="Kay Bailey Hutchison">Hutchison</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cruz</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="United States Senate"><img alt="United States Senate" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/80px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/120px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/160px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Class 2</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Houston" title="Sam Houston">S. Houston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hemphill_(U.S._senator)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Hemphill (U.S. senator)">Hemphill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morgan_C._Hamilton" title="Morgan C. Hamilton">Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Coke" title="Richard Coke">Coke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horace_Chilton" title="Horace Chilton">Chilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_W._Bailey" title="Joseph W. Bailey">Bailey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rienzi_Melville_Johnston" title="Rienzi Melville Johnston">Johnston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morris_Sheppard" title="Morris Sheppard">Sheppard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jackson_Houston" title="Andrew Jackson Houston">A. Houston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._Lee_O%27Daniel" title="W. Lee O'Daniel">O'Daniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_A._Blakley" title="William A. Blakley">Blakley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Tower" title="John Tower">Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phil_Gramm" title="Phil Gramm">Gramm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Cornyn" title="John Cornyn">Cornyn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="(←_2012)_2016_United_States_presidential_election_(2020_→)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template:2016 United States presidential election"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template talk:2016 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="Special:EditPage/Template:2016 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="(←_2012)_2016_United_States_presidential_election_(2020_→)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">(<a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_presidential_election" title="2012 United States presidential election">← 2012</a>) <a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="2016 United States presidential election">2016 United States presidential election</a> (<a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="2020 United States presidential election">2020 →</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mike_Pence" title="Mike Pence">Mike Pence</a> (R), 304 electoral votes; <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tim_Kaine" title="Tim Kaine">Tim Kaine</a> (D), 227 electoral votes <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fundraising_in_the_2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="Fundraising in the 2016 United States presidential election">Fundraising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_the_2016_United_States_presidential_candidates_by_political_affiliation" title="Political positions of the 2016 United States presidential candidates by political affiliation">Positions</a></li> <li>Polls <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nationwide_opinion_polling_for_the_2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="Nationwide opinion polling for the 2016 United States presidential election">national</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nationwide_opinion_polling_for_the_2016_United_States_presidential_election_by_demographic" title="Nationwide opinion polling for the 2016 United States presidential election by demographic">by demo.</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statewide_opinion_polling_for_the_2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="Statewide opinion polling for the 2016 United States presidential election">statewide</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pre-2016_statewide_opinion_polling_for_the_2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="Pre-2016 statewide opinion polling for the 2016 United States presidential election">pre-2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January%E2%80%93August_2016_statewide_opinion_polling_for_the_2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="January–August 2016 statewide opinion polling for the 2016 United States presidential election">early 2016</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_opinion_polling_for_the_2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="International opinion polling for the 2016 United States presidential election">international</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_media_in_the_2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="Social media in the 2016 United States presidential election">Social media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="Timeline of the 2016 United States presidential election">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_debates" title="2016 United States presidential debates">Debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newspaper_endorsements_in_the_2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="Newspaper endorsements in the 2016 United States presidential election">Newspaper endorsements</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Newspaper_endorsements_in_the_2016_United_States_presidential_primaries" title="Newspaper endorsements in the 2016 United States presidential primaries">primary</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vote_pairing_in_the_2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="Vote pairing in the 2016 United States presidential election">Vote pairing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election_recounts" title="2016 United States presidential election recounts">Recounts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_interference_in_the_2016_United_States_elections" title="Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections">Russian interference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faithless_electors_in_the_2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="Faithless electors in the 2016 United States presidential election">Faithless electors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_United_States_Electoral_College_vote_count" title="2017 United States Electoral College vote count">Electoral College vote count</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_presidential_transition_of_Donald_Trump" title="First presidential transition of Donald Trump">Transition</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Donald_Trump" title="First inauguration of Donald Trump">inauguration</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #E81B23;"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a> ▌<a href="/wiki/American_Independent_Party" title="American Independent Party">AIP</a> · ▌<a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_New_York_State" title="Conservative Party of New York State">CPNY</a> · ▌<a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Right_to_Life_Party" title="New York State Right to Life Party">RTLP</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Republican_Party_presidential_debates_and_forums" title="2016 Republican Party presidential debates and forums">Debates and forums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endorsements_in_the_2016_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Endorsements in the 2016 Republican Party presidential primaries">Endorsements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2016 Republican Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li> <li>Polls (<a href="/wiki/Nationwide_opinion_polling_for_the_2016_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Nationwide opinion polling for the 2016 Republican Party presidential primaries">national</a> · <a href="/wiki/Statewide_opinion_polling_for_the_2016_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Statewide opinion polling for the 2016 Republican Party presidential primaries">statewide</a> · <a href="/wiki/Straw_polls_for_the_2016_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Straw polls for the 2016 Republican Party presidential primaries">straw</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Results_of_the_2016_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Results of the 2016 Republican Party presidential primaries">Results</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Republican_National_Convention" title="2016 Republican National Convention">Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Republican_Party_vice_presidential_candidate_selection" title="2016 Republican Party vice presidential candidate selection">VP candidate selection</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/2016_Republican_Party_presidential_candidates" title="2016 Republican Party presidential candidates">Candidates</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Nominee</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_Donald_Trump_2016_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Donald_Trump" title="Political positions of Donald Trump">positions</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Protests_against_Donald_Trump#Protests_during_Trump's_campaign" title="Protests against Donald Trump">protests</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_Republicans_who_opposed_the_Donald_Trump_2016_presidential_campaign" title="List of Republicans who opposed the Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign">GOP opposition</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Mike_Pence" title="Mike Pence">Mike Pence</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Other candidates</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jeb_Bush" title="Jeb Bush">Jeb Bush</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Jeb_Bush_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Jeb Bush 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Jeb_Bush" title="Political positions of Jeb Bush">positions</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ben_Carson" title="Ben Carson">Ben Carson</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Ben_Carson_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Ben Carson 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Chris_Christie" title="Chris Christie">Chris Christie</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Chris_Christie_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Chris Christie 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ted Cruz</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Ted_Cruz_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Ted Cruz 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ted_Cruz_2016_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Ted Cruz 2016 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Ted_Cruz" title="Political positions of Ted Cruz">positions</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mark_Everson" title="Mark Everson">Mark Everson</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Carly_Fiorina" title="Carly Fiorina">Carly Fiorina</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Carly_Fiorina_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Carly Fiorina 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jim_Gilmore" title="Jim Gilmore">Jim Gilmore</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Jim_Gilmore_2016_presidential_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Jim Gilmore 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lindsey_Graham" title="Lindsey Graham">Lindsey Graham</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Lindsey_Graham_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Lindsey Graham 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mike_Huckabee" title="Mike Huckabee">Mike Huckabee</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Mike_Huckabee_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Mike Huckabee 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Mike_Huckabee" title="Political positions of Mike Huckabee">positions</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Jindal" title="Bobby Jindal">Bobby Jindal</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Jindal_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Bobby Jindal 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_Kasich" title="John Kasich">John Kasich</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/John_Kasich_2016_presidential_campaign" title="John Kasich 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_John_Kasich_2016_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of John Kasich 2016 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_McMillan" title="Jimmy McMillan">Jimmy McMillan</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/George_Pataki" title="George Pataki">George Pataki</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/George_Pataki_2016_presidential_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="George Pataki 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rand_Paul" title="Rand Paul">Rand Paul</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Rand_Paul_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Rand Paul 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Rand_Paul" title="Political positions of Rand Paul">positions</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rick_Perry" title="Rick Perry">Rick Perry</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Rick_Perry_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Rick Perry 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Rick_Perry" title="Political positions of Rick Perry">positions</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Marco_Rubio" title="Marco Rubio">Marco Rubio</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Marco_Rubio_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Marco Rubio 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Marco_Rubio" title="Political positions of Marco Rubio">positions</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rick_Santorum" title="Rick Santorum">Rick Santorum</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Rick_Santorum_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Rick Santorum 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Scott_Walker_(politician)" title="Scott Walker (politician)">Scott Walker</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Scott_Walker_2016_presidential_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Scott Walker 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #3333FF;"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a> ▌<a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Equality_Party_(New_York)" title="Women's Equality Party (New York)">WEP</a> · ▌<a href="/wiki/Working_Families_Party" title="Working Families Party">WFP</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_the_2016_Democratic_Party_presidential_primary_candidates" title="Political positions of the 2016 Democratic Party presidential primary candidates">Political positions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endorsements_in_the_2016_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Endorsements in the 2016 Democratic Party presidential primaries">Endorsements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Democratic_Party_presidential_debates_and_forums" title="2016 Democratic Party presidential debates and forums">Debates and forums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2016 Democratic Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li> <li>Polls <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nationwide_opinion_polling_for_the_2016_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Nationwide opinion polling for the 2016 Democratic Party presidential primaries">national</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statewide_opinion_polling_for_the_2016_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Statewide opinion polling for the 2016 Democratic Party presidential primaries">statewide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straw_polls_for_the_2016_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Straw polls for the 2016 Democratic Party presidential primaries">straw</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Results_of_the_2016_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Results of the 2016 Democratic Party presidential primaries">Results</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2016 Democratic National Convention">Convention</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_superdelegates_at_the_2016_Democratic_National_Convention" title="List of superdelegates at the 2016 Democratic National Convention">superdelegates</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Democratic_Party_vice_presidential_candidate_selection" title="2016 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection">VP candidate selection</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/2016_Democratic_Party_presidential_candidates" title="2016 Democratic Party presidential candidates">Candidates</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Nominee</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Hillary Clinton 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd> <dd>endorsements <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hillary_Clinton_2016_presidential_campaign_political_endorsements" title="List of Hillary Clinton 2016 presidential campaign political endorsements">political</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hillary_Clinton_2016_presidential_campaign_non-political_endorsements" title="List of Hillary Clinton 2016 presidential campaign non-political endorsements">non-political</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hillary_Clinton_2016_presidential_campaign_celebrity_endorsements" title="List of Hillary Clinton 2016 presidential campaign celebrity endorsements">celebrities</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hillary_Clinton_2016_presidential_campaign_screen_and_stage_performer_endorsements" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Hillary Clinton 2016 presidential campaign screen and stage performer endorsements">performers</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Hillary_Clinton" title="Political positions of Hillary Clinton">positions</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_Democrats_who_opposed_the_Hillary_Clinton_2016_presidential_campaign" title="List of Democrats who opposed the Hillary Clinton 2016 presidential campaign">Democratic opposition</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Tim_Kaine" title="Tim Kaine">Tim Kaine</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Other candidates</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Chafee" title="Lincoln Chafee">Lincoln Chafee</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Chafee_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Lincoln Chafee 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rocky_De_La_Fuente" title="Rocky De La Fuente">Rocky De La Fuente</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Rocky_De_La_Fuente_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Rocky De La Fuente 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Paul_T._Farrell_Jr." title="Paul T. Farrell Jr.">Paul T. Farrell Jr.</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Lessig" title="Lawrence Lessig">Lawrence Lessig</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Lessig_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Lawrence Lessig 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Martin_O%27Malley" title="Martin O'Malley">Martin O'Malley</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Martin_O%27Malley_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Martin O'Malley 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bernie_Sanders" title="Bernie Sanders">Bernie Sanders</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Bernie_Sanders_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Bernie Sanders 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_Bernie_Sanders_2016_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Bernie Sanders 2016 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Bernie_Sanders" title="Political positions of Bernie Sanders">positions</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jim_Webb" title="Jim Webb">Jim Webb</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Jim_Webb_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Jim Webb 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Willie_Wilson_(businessman)" title="Willie Wilson (businessman)">Willie Wilson</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FED105;"><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_(United_States)" title="Libertarian Party (United States)">Libertarian Party</a> ▌<a href="/wiki/Independence_Party_of_New_York_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Independence Party of New York State">IPNY</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2016_Libertarian_Party_presidential_debates_and_forums" title="2016 Libertarian Party presidential debates and forums">Debates and forums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Libertarian_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2016 Libertarian Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Libertarian_National_Convention" title="2016 Libertarian National Convention">Convention</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Nominee</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Gary_Johnson" title="Gary Johnson">Gary Johnson</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Gary_Johnson_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Gary Johnson 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_Gary_Johnson_2016_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Gary Johnson 2016 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Gary_Johnson" class="mw-redirect" title="Political positions of Gary Johnson">positions</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Bill_Weld" title="Bill Weld">Bill Weld</a></dd> <dt>Other candidates</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_McAfee" title="John McAfee">John McAfee</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Austin_Petersen" title="Austin Petersen">Austin Petersen</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #17aa5c;"><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_the_United_States" title="Green Party of the United States">Green Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2016_Green_Party_presidential_debates_and_forums" title="2016 Green Party presidential debates and forums">Debates and forums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Green_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2016 Green Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Green_National_Convention" title="2016 Green National Convention">Convention</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Nominee</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jill_Stein" title="Jill Stein">Jill Stein</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Jill_Stein_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Jill Stein 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_Jill_Stein_2016_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Jill Stein 2016 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Ajamu_Baraka" title="Ajamu Baraka">Ajamu Baraka</a></dd> <dt>Other candidates</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Darryl_Cherney" title="Darryl Cherney">Darryl Cherney</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #DDDDBB;">Independents ▌ <a href="/wiki/Independence_Party_of_Minnesota" class="mw-redirect" title="Independence Party of Minnesota">IPMN</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Better_for_America" title="Better for America">Better for America</a></li> <li>Candidate: <a href="/wiki/Evan_McMullin" title="Evan McMullin">Evan McMullin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evan_McMullin_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Evan McMullin 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Evan_McMullin_2016_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Evan McMullin 2016 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></li></ul></li> <li>Running mate: <a href="/wiki/Mindy_Finn" title="Mindy Finn">Mindy Finn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Other_third-party_and_independent_candidates" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Other <a href="/wiki/Third-party_and_independent_candidates_for_the_2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="Third-party and independent candidates for the 2016 United States presidential election">third-party and independent candidates</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #355E39;"><a href="/wiki/American_Delta_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="American Delta Party">American Delta Party</a> ▌<a href="/wiki/Reform_Party_of_the_United_States_of_America" title="Reform Party of the United States of America">Reform</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Rocky_De_La_Fuente" title="Rocky De La Fuente">Rocky De La Fuente</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rocky_De_La_Fuente_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Rocky De La Fuente 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Michael_Steinberg_(lawyer)" title="Michael Steinberg (lawyer)">Michael Steinberg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #CC66FF;">American Party (South Carolina)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Skewes" title="Peter Skewes">Peter Skewes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #F37120;"><a href="/wiki/American_Solidarity_Party" title="American Solidarity Party">American Solidarity Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Mike_Maturen" title="Mike Maturen">Mike Maturen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #800080;">America's Party</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Tom_Hoefling" title="Tom Hoefling">Tom Hoefling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #A356DE;"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_Party_(United_States)" title="Constitution Party (United States)">Constitution Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2016_Constitution_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2016 Constitution Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_Party_National_Convention#2016_convention" title="Constitution Party National Convention">Convention</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Nominee</dt> <dd>Darrell Castle <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Darrell_Castle_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Darrell Castle 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Scott_Bradley_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Scott Bradley (politician)">Scott Bradley</a></dd> <dt>Other candidates</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tom_Hoefling" title="Tom Hoefling">Tom Hoefling</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #F8F9FA;">Nutrition Party</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Rod_Silva_(businessman)" title="Rod Silva (businessman)">Rod Silva</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #00FF00;"><a href="/wiki/Peace_and_Freedom_Party" title="Peace and Freedom Party">Peace and Freedom Party</a> ▌<a href="/wiki/Party_for_Socialism_and_Liberation" title="Party for Socialism and Liberation">PSL</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Gloria_La_Riva" title="Gloria La Riva">Gloria La Riva</a></li> <li>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Banks" title="Dennis Banks">Dennis Banks</a></li> <li>PSL VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Eugene_Puryear" title="Eugene Puryear">Eugene Puryear</a>*</li></ul> <ul><li>Other candidates: <a href="/wiki/Monica_Moorehead" title="Monica Moorehead">Monica Moorehead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jill_Stein" title="Jill Stein">Jill Stein</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FF00FF;"><a href="/wiki/Prohibition_Party" title="Prohibition Party">Prohibition Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/James_Hedges" title="James Hedges">James Hedges</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #CD3700;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Action_(United_States)" title="Socialist Action (United States)">Socialist Action</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Mackler" title="Jeff Mackler">Jeff Mackler</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #D30101;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Equality_Party_(United_States)" title="Socialist Equality Party (United States)">Socialist Equality Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Jerry_White_(socialist)" title="Jerry White (socialist)">Jerry White</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #CD3700;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_USA" title="Socialist Party USA">Socialist Party USA</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Mimi_Soltysik" title="Mimi Soltysik">Mimi Soltysik</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mimi_Soltysik_2016_presidential_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Mimi Soltysik 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Angela_Nicole_Walker" title="Angela Nicole Walker">Angela Nicole Walker</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #AA0000;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Workers_Party_(United_States)" title="Socialist Workers Party (United States)">Socialist Workers Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Alyson_Kennedy" title="Alyson Kennedy">Alyson Kennedy</a></li> <li>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Osborne_Hart" title="Osborne Hart">Osborne Hart</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #F8F9FA;">Pacifist Party</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Bradford_Lyttle" title="Bradford Lyttle">Bradford Lyttle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FF33AA;"><a href="/wiki/Workers_World_Party" title="Workers World Party">Workers World Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Monica_Moorehead" title="Monica Moorehead">Monica Moorehead</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #DDDDBB;">Other Independent candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Laurence_Kotlikoff" title="Laurence Kotlikoff">Laurence Kotlikoff</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>* : These candidates were constitutionally ineligible to serve as President or Vice President.</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_elections" title="2016 United States elections">Other 2016 elections</a>: <a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_Senate_elections" title="2016 United States Senate elections">Senate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="2016 United States House of Representatives elections">House</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Texas&#039;s_delegation(s)_to_the_113th–present_United_States_Congress_(ordered_by_seniority)" style="display:table;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:USCongRep-start" title="Template:USCongRep-start"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:USCongRep-start" title="Template talk:USCongRep-start"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:USCongRep-start" title="Special:EditPage/Template:USCongRep-start"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Texas&#039;s_delegation(s)_to_the_113th–present_United_States_Congress_(ordered_by_seniority)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a>'s delegation(s) to the 113th–present <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">United States Congress</a> (ordered by seniority)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-width:0;"><div style="padding:0"> <table style="width:100%"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><a href="/wiki/113th_United_States_Congress" title="113th United States Congress">113th</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Texas" title="List of United States senators from Texas">Senate</a>: ▌<a href="/wiki/John_Cornyn" title="John Cornyn">J. Cornyn</a> (R) · ▌<a class="mw-selflink selflink">T. Cruz</a> (R)</div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Texas" title="List of United States representatives from Texas">House</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li>▌<a href="/wiki/Ralph_Hall" title="Ralph Hall">R. Hall</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Joe_Barton" title="Joe Barton">J. Barton</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Lamar_Smith" title="Lamar Smith">L. Smith</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Sam_Johnson" title="Sam Johnson">S. Johnson</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Gene_Green" title="Gene Green">G. Green</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Eddie_Bernice_Johnson" title="Eddie Bernice Johnson">E. B. Johnson</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Doggett" title="Lloyd Doggett">L. Doggett</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Sheila_Jackson_Lee" title="Sheila Jackson Lee">S. Jackson Lee</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Mac_Thornberry" title="Mac Thornberry">M. Thornberry</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Kevin_Brady" title="Kevin Brady">K. Brady</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Kay_Granger" title="Kay Granger">K. Granger</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Rub%C3%A9n_Hinojosa" title="Rubén Hinojosa">R. Hinojosa</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Pete_Sessions" title="Pete Sessions">P. Sessions</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/John_Culberson" title="John Culberson">J. Culberson</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Michael_C._Burgess" title="Michael C. Burgess">M. Burgess</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/John_Carter_(Texas_politician)" title="John Carter (Texas politician)">J. Carter</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Jeb_Hensarling" title="Jeb Hensarling">J. Hensarling</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Randy_Neugebauer" title="Randy Neugebauer">R. Neugebauer</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Mike_Conaway" title="Mike Conaway">M. Conaway</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Henry_Cuellar" title="Henry Cuellar">H. Cuellar</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Louie_Gohmert" title="Louie Gohmert">L. Gohmert</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Al_Green_(politician)" title="Al Green (politician)">A. Green</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Kenny_Marchant" title="Kenny Marchant">K. Marchant</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Michael_McCaul" title="Michael McCaul">M. McCaul</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Ted_Poe" title="Ted Poe">T. Poe</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Pete_Olson" title="Pete Olson">P. Olson</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Blake_Farenthold" title="Blake Farenthold">B. Farenthold</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Bill_Flores" title="Bill Flores">B. Flores</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Steve_Stockman" title="Steve Stockman">S. Stockman</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Joaquin_Castro" title="Joaquin Castro">J. Castro</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Pete_Gallego" title="Pete Gallego">P. Gallego</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Beto_O%27Rourke" title="Beto O'Rourke">B. O'Rourke</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Marc_Veasey" title="Marc Veasey">M. Veasey</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Filemon_Vela_Jr." title="Filemon Vela Jr.">F. Vela Jr.</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Randy_Weber" title="Randy Weber">R. Weber</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Roger_Williams_(Texas_politician)" title="Roger Williams (Texas politician)">R. Williams</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><a href="/wiki/114th_United_States_Congress" title="114th United States Congress">114th</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Texas" title="List of United States senators from Texas">Senate</a>: ▌<a href="/wiki/John_Cornyn" title="John Cornyn">J. Cornyn</a> (R) · ▌<a class="mw-selflink selflink">T. Cruz</a> (R)</div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Texas" title="List of United States representatives from Texas">House</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li>▌<a href="/wiki/Joe_Barton" title="Joe Barton">J. Barton</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Lamar_Smith" title="Lamar Smith">L. Smith</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Sam_Johnson" title="Sam Johnson">S. Johnson</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Gene_Green" title="Gene Green">G. Green</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Eddie_Bernice_Johnson" title="Eddie Bernice Johnson">E. B. Johnson</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Doggett" title="Lloyd Doggett">L. Doggett</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Sheila_Jackson_Lee" title="Sheila Jackson Lee">S. Jackson Lee</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Mac_Thornberry" title="Mac Thornberry">M. Thornberry</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Kevin_Brady" title="Kevin Brady">K. Brady</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Kay_Granger" title="Kay Granger">K. Granger</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Rub%C3%A9n_Hinojosa" title="Rubén Hinojosa">R. Hinojosa</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Pete_Sessions" title="Pete Sessions">P. Sessions</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/John_Culberson" title="John Culberson">J. Culberson</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Michael_C._Burgess" title="Michael C. Burgess">M. Burgess</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/John_Carter_(Texas_politician)" title="John Carter (Texas politician)">J. Carter</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Jeb_Hensarling" title="Jeb Hensarling">J. Hensarling</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Randy_Neugebauer" title="Randy Neugebauer">R. Neugebauer</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Mike_Conaway" title="Mike Conaway">M. Conaway</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Henry_Cuellar" title="Henry Cuellar">H. Cuellar</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Louie_Gohmert" title="Louie Gohmert">L. Gohmert</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Al_Green_(politician)" title="Al Green (politician)">A. Green</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Kenny_Marchant" title="Kenny Marchant">K. Marchant</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Michael_McCaul" title="Michael McCaul">M. McCaul</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Ted_Poe" title="Ted Poe">T. Poe</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Pete_Olson" title="Pete Olson">P. Olson</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Blake_Farenthold" title="Blake Farenthold">B. Farenthold</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Bill_Flores" title="Bill Flores">B. Flores</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Joaquin_Castro" title="Joaquin Castro">J. Castro</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Beto_O%27Rourke" title="Beto O'Rourke">B. O'Rourke</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Marc_Veasey" title="Marc Veasey">M. Veasey</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Filemon_Vela_Jr." title="Filemon Vela Jr.">F. Vela Jr.</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Randy_Weber" title="Randy Weber">R. Weber</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Roger_Williams_(Texas_politician)" title="Roger Williams (Texas politician)">R. Williams</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Brian_Babin" title="Brian Babin">B. Babin</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Will_Hurd" title="Will Hurd">W. Hurd</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/John_Ratcliffe_(American_politician)" title="John Ratcliffe (American politician)">J. Ratcliffe</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><a href="/wiki/115th_United_States_Congress" title="115th United States Congress">115th</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Texas" title="List of United States senators from Texas">Senate</a>: ▌<a href="/wiki/John_Cornyn" title="John Cornyn">J. Cornyn</a> (R) · ▌<a class="mw-selflink selflink">T. Cruz</a> (R)</div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Texas" title="List of United States representatives from Texas">House</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li>▌<a href="/wiki/Joe_Barton" title="Joe Barton">J. Barton</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Lamar_Smith" title="Lamar Smith">L. Smith</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Sam_Johnson" title="Sam Johnson">S. Johnson</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Gene_Green" title="Gene Green">G. Green</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Eddie_Bernice_Johnson" title="Eddie Bernice Johnson">E. B. Johnson</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Doggett" title="Lloyd Doggett">L. Doggett</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Sheila_Jackson_Lee" title="Sheila Jackson Lee">S. Jackson Lee</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Mac_Thornberry" title="Mac Thornberry">M. Thornberry</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Kevin_Brady" title="Kevin Brady">K. Brady</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Kay_Granger" title="Kay Granger">K. Granger</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Pete_Sessions" title="Pete Sessions">P. Sessions</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/John_Culberson" title="John Culberson">J. Culberson</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Michael_C._Burgess" title="Michael C. Burgess">M. Burgess</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/John_Carter_(Texas_politician)" title="John Carter (Texas politician)">J. Carter</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Jeb_Hensarling" title="Jeb Hensarling">J. Hensarling</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Mike_Conaway" title="Mike Conaway">M. Conaway</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Henry_Cuellar" title="Henry Cuellar">H. Cuellar</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Louie_Gohmert" title="Louie Gohmert">L. Gohmert</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Al_Green_(politician)" title="Al Green (politician)">A. Green</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Kenny_Marchant" title="Kenny Marchant">K. Marchant</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Michael_McCaul" title="Michael McCaul">M. McCaul</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Ted_Poe" title="Ted Poe">T. Poe</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Pete_Olson" title="Pete Olson">P. Olson</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Blake_Farenthold" title="Blake Farenthold">B. Farenthold</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Bill_Flores" title="Bill Flores">B. Flores</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Joaquin_Castro" title="Joaquin Castro">J. Castro</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Beto_O%27Rourke" title="Beto O'Rourke">B. O'Rourke</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Marc_Veasey" title="Marc Veasey">M. Veasey</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Filemon_Vela_Jr." title="Filemon Vela Jr.">F. Vela Jr.</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Randy_Weber" title="Randy Weber">R. Weber</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Roger_Williams_(Texas_politician)" title="Roger Williams (Texas politician)">R. Williams</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Brian_Babin" title="Brian Babin">B. Babin</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Will_Hurd" title="Will Hurd">W. Hurd</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/John_Ratcliffe_(American_politician)" title="John Ratcliffe (American politician)">J. Ratcliffe</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Jodey_Arrington" title="Jodey Arrington">J. Arrington</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Vicente_Gonzalez_(politician)" title="Vicente Gonzalez (politician)">V. Gonzalez</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Michael_Cloud" title="Michael Cloud">M. Cloud</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><a href="/wiki/116th_United_States_Congress" title="116th United States Congress">116th</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Texas" title="List of United States senators from Texas">Senate</a>: ▌<a href="/wiki/John_Cornyn" title="John Cornyn">J. Cornyn</a> (R) · ▌<a class="mw-selflink selflink">T. Cruz</a> (R)</div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Texas" title="List of United States representatives from Texas">House</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li>▌<a href="/wiki/Eddie_Bernice_Johnson" title="Eddie Bernice Johnson">E. B. Johnson</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Doggett" title="Lloyd Doggett">L. Doggett</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Sheila_Jackson_Lee" title="Sheila Jackson Lee">S. Jackson Lee</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Mac_Thornberry" title="Mac Thornberry">M. Thornberry</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Kevin_Brady" title="Kevin Brady">K. Brady</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Kay_Granger" title="Kay Granger">K. Granger</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Michael_C._Burgess" title="Michael C. Burgess">M. Burgess</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/John_Carter_(Texas_politician)" title="John Carter (Texas politician)">J. Carter</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Mike_Conaway" title="Mike Conaway">M. Conaway</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Henry_Cuellar" title="Henry Cuellar">H. Cuellar</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Louie_Gohmert" title="Louie Gohmert">L. Gohmert</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Al_Green_(politician)" title="Al Green (politician)">A. Green</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Kenny_Marchant" title="Kenny Marchant">K. Marchant</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Michael_McCaul" title="Michael McCaul">M. McCaul</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Pete_Olson" title="Pete Olson">P. Olson</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Bill_Flores" title="Bill Flores">B. Flores</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Joaquin_Castro" title="Joaquin Castro">J. Castro</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Marc_Veasey" title="Marc Veasey">M. Veasey</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Filemon_Vela_Jr." title="Filemon Vela Jr.">F. Vela Jr.</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Randy_Weber" title="Randy Weber">R. Weber</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Roger_Williams_(Texas_politician)" title="Roger Williams (Texas politician)">R. Williams</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Brian_Babin" title="Brian Babin">B. Babin</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Will_Hurd" title="Will Hurd">W. Hurd</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/John_Ratcliffe_(American_politician)" title="John Ratcliffe (American politician)">J. Ratcliffe</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Jodey_Arrington" title="Jodey Arrington">J. Arrington</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Vicente_Gonzalez_(politician)" title="Vicente Gonzalez (politician)">V. Gonzalez</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Michael_Cloud" title="Michael Cloud">M. Cloud</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Colin_Allred" title="Colin Allred">C. Allred</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Dan_Crenshaw" title="Dan Crenshaw">D. Crenshaw</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Veronica_Escobar" title="Veronica Escobar">V. Escobar</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Sylvia_Garcia" title="Sylvia Garcia">S. Garcia</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Lance_Gooden" title="Lance Gooden">L. Gooden</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Lizzie_Fletcher" title="Lizzie Fletcher">L. Fletcher</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Chip_Roy" title="Chip Roy">C. Roy</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Van_Taylor" title="Van Taylor">V. Taylor</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Ron_Wright_(politician)" title="Ron Wright (politician)">R. Wright</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><a href="/wiki/117th_United_States_Congress" title="117th United States Congress">117th</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Texas" title="List of United States senators from Texas">Senate</a>: ▌<a href="/wiki/John_Cornyn" title="John Cornyn">J. Cornyn</a> (R) · ▌<a class="mw-selflink selflink">T. Cruz</a> (R)</div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Texas" title="List of United States representatives from Texas">House</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li>▌<a href="/wiki/Eddie_Bernice_Johnson" title="Eddie Bernice Johnson">E. B. Johnson</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Doggett" title="Lloyd Doggett">L. Doggett</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Sheila_Jackson_Lee" title="Sheila Jackson Lee">S. Jackson Lee</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Kevin_Brady" title="Kevin Brady">K. Brady</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Kay_Granger" title="Kay Granger">K. Granger</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Pete_Sessions" title="Pete Sessions">P. Sessions</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Michael_C._Burgess" title="Michael C. Burgess">M. Burgess</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/John_Carter_(Texas_politician)" title="John Carter (Texas politician)">J. Carter</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Henry_Cuellar" title="Henry Cuellar">H. Cuellar</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Louie_Gohmert" title="Louie Gohmert">L. Gohmert</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Al_Green_(politician)" title="Al Green (politician)">A. Green</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Michael_McCaul" title="Michael McCaul">M. McCaul</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Joaquin_Castro" title="Joaquin Castro">J. Castro</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Marc_Veasey" title="Marc Veasey">M. Veasey</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Filemon_Vela_Jr." title="Filemon Vela Jr.">F. Vela Jr.</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Randy_Weber" title="Randy Weber">R. Weber</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Roger_Williams_(Texas_politician)" title="Roger Williams (Texas politician)">R. Williams</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Brian_Babin" title="Brian Babin">B. Babin</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Jodey_Arrington" title="Jodey Arrington">J. Arrington</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Vicente_Gonzalez_(politician)" title="Vicente Gonzalez (politician)">V. Gonzalez</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Michael_Cloud" title="Michael Cloud">M. Cloud</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Colin_Allred" title="Colin Allred">C. Allred</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Dan_Crenshaw" title="Dan Crenshaw">D. Crenshaw</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Veronica_Escobar" title="Veronica Escobar">V. Escobar</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Sylvia_Garcia" title="Sylvia Garcia">S. Garcia</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Lance_Gooden" title="Lance Gooden">L. Gooden</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Lizzie_Fletcher" title="Lizzie Fletcher">L. Fletcher</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Chip_Roy" title="Chip Roy">C. Roy</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Van_Taylor" title="Van Taylor">V. Taylor</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Ron_Wright_(politician)" title="Ron Wright (politician)">R. Wright</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Pat_Fallon" title="Pat Fallon">P. Fallon</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Tony_Gonzales" title="Tony Gonzales">T. Gonzales</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Ronny_Jackson" title="Ronny Jackson">R. Jackson</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Troy_Nehls" title="Troy Nehls">T. Nehls</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/August_Pfluger" title="August Pfluger">A. Pfluger</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Beth_Van_Duyne" title="Beth Van Duyne">B. Van Duyne</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Jake_Ellzey" title="Jake Ellzey">J. Ellzey</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Mayra_Flores" title="Mayra Flores">M. Flores</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><a href="/wiki/118th_United_States_Congress" title="118th United States Congress">118th</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Texas" title="List of United States senators from Texas">Senate</a>: ▌<a href="/wiki/John_Cornyn" title="John Cornyn">J. Cornyn</a> (R) · ▌<a class="mw-selflink selflink">R. Cruz</a> (R)</div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Texas" title="List of United States representatives from Texas">House</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li>▌<a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Doggett" title="Lloyd Doggett">L. Doggett</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Sheila_Jackson_Lee" title="Sheila Jackson Lee">S. Jackson Lee</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Kay_Granger" title="Kay Granger">N. Granger</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Pete_Sessions" title="Pete Sessions">P. Sessions</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Michael_C._Burgess" title="Michael C. Burgess">M. Burgess</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/John_Carter_(Texas_politician)" title="John Carter (Texas politician)">J. Carter</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Henry_Cuellar" title="Henry Cuellar">E. Cuellar</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Al_Green_(politician)" title="Al Green (politician)">A. Green</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Michael_McCaul" title="Michael McCaul">M. McCaul</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Joaquin_Castro" title="Joaquin Castro">J. Castro</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Marc_Veasey" title="Marc Veasey">M. Veasey</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Randy_Weber" title="Randy Weber">R. Weber</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Roger_Williams_(Texas_politician)" title="Roger Williams (Texas politician)">J. Williams</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Brian_Babin" title="Brian Babin">B. Babin</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Jodey_Arrington" title="Jodey Arrington">J. Arrington</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Vicente_Gonzalez_(politician)" title="Vicente Gonzalez (politician)">V. Gonzalez</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Michael_Cloud" title="Michael Cloud">M. Cloud</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Colin_Allred" title="Colin Allred">C. Allred</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Dan_Crenshaw" title="Dan Crenshaw">D. Crenshaw</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Veronica_Escobar" title="Veronica Escobar">V. Escobar</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Sylvia_Garcia" title="Sylvia Garcia">S. Garcia</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Lance_Gooden" title="Lance Gooden">L. Gooden</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Lizzie_Fletcher" title="Lizzie Fletcher">E. Fletcher</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Chip_Roy" title="Chip Roy">C. Roy</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Pat_Fallon" title="Pat Fallon">P. Fallon</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Tony_Gonzales" title="Tony Gonzales">E. Gonzales</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Ronny_Jackson" title="Ronny Jackson">R. Jackson</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Troy_Nehls" title="Troy Nehls">T. Nehls</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/August_Pfluger" title="August Pfluger">A. Pfluger</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Beth_Van_Duyne" title="Beth Van Duyne">B. Van Duyne</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Jake_Ellzey" title="Jake Ellzey">J. Ellzey</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Greg_Casar" title="Greg Casar">G. Casar</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Jasmine_Crockett" title="Jasmine Crockett">J. Crockett</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Monica_De_La_Cruz" title="Monica De La Cruz">M. De La Cruz</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Wesley_Hunt" title="Wesley Hunt">W. Hunt</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Morgan_Luttrell" title="Morgan Luttrell">M. Luttrell</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Moran" title="Nathaniel Moran">N. Moran</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Keith_Self" title="Keith Self">K. Self</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Erica_Lee_Carter" title="Erica Lee Carter">E. Carter</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2036942#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2036942#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2036942#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000409829042">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/304181110">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1924666/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJjHfqt8QjqJTCtYx8b8G3">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/120042011X">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2013063547">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810640214805606">Poland</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=C001098">US Congress</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/194159914">IdRef</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/100385775">NARA</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w69d7p31">SNAC</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ted_Cruz&oldid=1258240202">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ted_Cruz&oldid=1258240202</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ted_Cruz" title="Category:Ted Cruz">Ted Cruz</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1970_births" title="Category:1970 births">1970 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Living_people" title="Category:Living people">Living people</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:21st-century_American_legislators" title="Category:21st-century American legislators">21st-century American legislators</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Activists_from_Calgary" title="Category:Activists from Calgary">Activists from Calgary</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_anti-communists" title="Category:American anti-communists">American anti-communists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_people_of_Canadian_descent" title="Category:American people of Canadian descent">American people of Canadian descent</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_people_of_Irish_descent" title="Category:American people of Irish descent">American people of Irish descent</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_people_of_Italian_descent" title="Category:American people of Italian descent">American people of Italian descent</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_politicians_of_Cuban_descent" title="Category:American politicians of Cuban descent">American politicians of Cuban descent</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Baptists_from_Texas" title="Category:Baptists from Texas">Baptists from Texas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Canadian_Baptists" title="Category:Canadian Baptists">Canadian Baptists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Canadian_emigrants_to_the_United_States" title="Category:Canadian emigrants to the United States">Canadian emigrants to the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Canadian_people_of_American_descent" title="Category:Canadian people of American descent">Canadian people of American descent</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Canadian_people_of_Cuban_descent" title="Category:Canadian people of Cuban descent">Canadian people of Cuban descent</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Canadian_people_of_Irish_descent" title="Category:Canadian people of Irish descent">Canadian people of Irish descent</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Canadian_people_of_Italian_descent" title="Category:Canadian people of Italian descent">Canadian people of Italian descent</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Candidates_in_the_2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="Category:Candidates in the 2016 United States presidential election">Candidates in the 2016 United States presidential election</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Competitive_debaters" title="Category:Competitive debaters">Competitive debaters</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hispanic_and_Latino_American_people_in_Texas_politics" title="Category:Hispanic and Latino American people in Texas politics">Hispanic and Latino American people in Texas politics</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:George_W._Bush_administration_personnel" title="Category:George W. Bush administration personnel">George W. Bush administration personnel</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Harvard_Law_School_alumni" title="Category:Harvard Law School alumni">Harvard Law School alumni</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hispanic_and_Latino_American_candidates_for_President_of_the_United_States" title="Category:Hispanic and Latino American candidates for President of the United States">Hispanic and Latino American candidates for President of the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hispanic_and_Latino_American_members_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="Category:Hispanic and Latino American members of the United States Congress">Hispanic and Latino American members of the United States Congress</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Latino_conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Latino conservatism in the United States">Latino conservatism in the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Law_clerks_of_J._Michael_Luttig" title="Category:Law clerks of J. 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