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thidiazuron</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: thidiazuron"> <meta name="keywords" content="thidiazuron"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="thidiazuron"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 7</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: thidiazuron</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7</span> Thidiazuron's Role in Murraya paniculata and Fortunella hindsii's in vitro Flowering</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hasan%20Basri%20Jumin">Hasan Basri Jumin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mardaleni"> Mardaleni</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fortunella hindsii and Muraya paniculata are family members of Rutaceae and have potentially improved genetic diversity. Isolated protoplasts were cultured with media supplemented with 2.0 % glucose and 0.0, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1 or 1.0. 10.0 mg/1 thidiazuron (TDZ) and, thickened with 0.9% gelrite, and maintained under 16 h photoperiod at 52.9 渭mol/m虏/s light intensity. The media supplemented with 0.00 mg/l TDZ yielded the maximum plating efficiency, while 0.001 mg/l TDZ produced the highest percentage of shoot formation, approximately 80%. After being cultured on the same TDZ concentration for 12 days, the protoplasts that survived developed cell walls. Ninety days following the culture of protoplasts, Fortunella hindsii and Murraya paniculata underwent somatic embryogenesis to grow into plantlets. Thidiazuron has demonstrated efficacy in forming flower buds that grow normally. Fortunella hindsii and Murraya paniculata shoots that emerged from branch internodes flowered in vitro on half-strength MT basal media containing 0.001 to 0.01 mg/l TDZ and 2-3% sucrose after two months of culture, and they eventually went on to flower. Seventy five percent of the plants displayed flowering on medium supplemented with 0.001 mg/l TDZ. Among the segments of Fortunella hindsii and Murraya paniculata generated from branch internodes, a possible precocious and floral gradient was found. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fortunella-hindsii" title="Fortunella-hindsii">Fortunella-hindsii</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=in-vitro%20flowering" title=" in-vitro flowering"> in-vitro flowering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Murraya-paniculata" title=" Murraya-paniculata"> Murraya-paniculata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=protoplast" title=" protoplast"> protoplast</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thidiazuron" title=" thidiazuron"> thidiazuron</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186596/thidiazurons-role-in-murraya-paniculata-and-fortunella-hindsiis-in-vitro-flowering" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186596.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">47</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6</span> Enhanced Efficiency for Propagation of Phalaenopsis cornu-cervi (Breda) Blume & Rchb. F. Using Trimmed Leaf Technique</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suphat%20Rittirat">Suphat Rittirat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sutha%20Klaocheed"> Sutha Klaocheed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kanchit%20Thammasiri"> Kanchit Thammasiri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The effects of thidiazuron (TDZ) and benzyladenine (BA) on protocorm-like bodies (PLBs) induction from leaf explants was investigated. It was found that TDZ was superior to BA. The highest percentage and number of PLBs per leaf explant at 30 and 5.3 respectively were obtained on 陆 MS medium supplemented with 9碌M TDZ. The regenerated plantlets were potted and acclimatized in the greenhouse. These plants grew well and developed into normal plants after 3 month of transplantation. The 100% survival of plantlets was achieved when planted on pots containing sphagnum moss. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=orchid" title="orchid">orchid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PLBs" title=" PLBs"> PLBs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sphagnum%20moss" title=" sphagnum moss"> sphagnum moss</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thidiazuron" title=" thidiazuron"> thidiazuron</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7706/enhanced-efficiency-for-propagation-of-phalaenopsis-cornu-cervi-breda-blume-rchb-f-using-trimmed-leaf-technique" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7706.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">327</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5</span> Simultaneous Production of Forskolin and Rosmarinic Acid in vitro Cultures of Coleus Forskohlii Briq</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ennus%20Tajuddin%20Tamboli">Ennus Tajuddin Tamboli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Madhukar%20Garg"> Madhukar Garg</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd.%20Mujeeb"> Mohd. Mujeeb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sayeed%20Ahmad"> Sayeed Ahmad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An efficient protocol for simultaneous production of forskolin and rosmarinic acid in in vitro callus derived from the leaves of Coleus forskohlii Briq. has been developed. MS media was used for the establishment of cultures and NAA + 6-BA (1.0 ppm) was found best for callus growth. The callus was further subjected to treatment with various elicitor/precursors viz. chitosan, thidiazuron and methyl jasmonate to observe their effect on production of biomass and accumulation of secondary metabolites. The content of forskolin and rosmarinic acid were estimated by HPTLC, in comparison to natural explant which showed 2 fold and 10 fold rise in forskolin and rosmarinic acid content, respectively. Methy1 jasmonate 50 碌M was found best for production of forskolin, whereas thidiazuron showed best results in the yield of rosmarinic acid, separately in static culture. However, combined treatment in suspension culture showed moderated effect for increase in secondary metabolites but the biomass increased significantly as compared to static culture. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plant%20tissue%20culture" title="plant tissue culture">plant tissue culture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=secondary%20metabolites" title=" secondary metabolites"> secondary metabolites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coleus" title=" coleus"> coleus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forskolin" title=" forskolin"> forskolin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rosmarinic%20acid" title=" rosmarinic acid"> rosmarinic acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HPTLC" title=" HPTLC"> HPTLC</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1357/simultaneous-production-of-forskolin-and-rosmarinic-acid-in-vitro-cultures-of-coleus-forskohlii-briq" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1357.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">343</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4</span> Somatic Embryogenesis of Lachenalia viridiflora, a Critically Endangered Ornamental Geophyte with High Floricultural Potential</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vijay%20Kumar">Vijay Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mack%20Moyo"> Mack Moyo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Johannes%20Van%20Staden"> Johannes Van Staden</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Lachenalia viridiflora is a critically endangered bulbous plant with high potential on the international floriculture market. In the present study, an efficient protocol for in vitro plantlet regeneration through somatic embryogenesis was developed. Embryogenic callus was established on Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium supplemented with various concentrations and combinations of picloram and thidiazuron (TDZ). A high number of SEs (28.5 卤 1.49) with at different developmental stages of somatic embryos (SEs: globular embryos, torpedo and cotyledon embryo with bipolar characteristics) was obtained on Murashige and Skoog (MS) (Murashige and Skoog 1962) medium with 2.5 渭M picloram, and 1.0 渭M TDZ. Histological and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) analysis confirmed the presence of somatic embryos. Mature somatic embryos germinated and developed into plantlets after 6 weeks on half/full strength MS medium. High plant regeneration frequency (91.11 %) was achieved on full-strength MS medium supplemented with 5 渭M phloroglucinol (PG). Well-developed healthy plantlets were successfully acclimatized in the greenhouse with a survival rate of 80%. The result of this study is beneficial in the mass propagation of high-quality Lachenalia viridiflora clonal plants for the commercial horticultural market and also provides a platform for future genetic transformation studies on the plant. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=horticultural%20plant" title="horticultural plant">horticultural plant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lachenalia%20viridiflora" title=" Lachenalia viridiflora"> Lachenalia viridiflora</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phloroglucinol" title=" phloroglucinol"> phloroglucinol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=somatic%20embryogenesis" title=" somatic embryogenesis"> somatic embryogenesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thidiazuron" title=" thidiazuron"> thidiazuron</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53535/somatic-embryogenesis-of-lachenalia-viridiflora-a-critically-endangered-ornamental-geophyte-with-high-floricultural-potential" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53535.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">628</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3</span> In Vitro Morphogenic Response of the Alginate Encapsulated Nodal Segment and Antioxidative Enzymes Analysis during Acclimatization of Cassia Angustifolia Vahl</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iram%20Siddique">Iram Siddique</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Synthetic seed technology is an alternative to traditional micropropagation for production and delivery of cloned plantlets. Synthetic seeds were produced by encapsulating nodal segments of C. angustifolia in calcium alginate gel. 3% (w/v) sodium alginate and 100 mM CaCl2. 2H2O were found most suitable for encapsulation of nodal segments. Synthetic seeds cultured on half strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with thidiazuron (5.0 碌M) + indole -3- acetic acid (1.0 碌M) produced maximum number of shoots (10.9 卤 0.78) after 8 weeks of culture exhibiting (78%) in vitro conversion response. Encapsulated nodal segments demonstrated successful regeneration after different period (1-6 weeks) of cold storage at 4 掳C. The synthetic seeds stored at 4 掳C for a period of 4 weeks resulted in maximum conversion frequency (93%) after 8 weeks when placed back to regeneration medium. The isolated shoots when cultured on half strength MS medium supplemented with 1.0 碌M indole -3- butyric acid (IBA), produced healthy roots and plantlets with well developed shoot and roots were successfully hardened off in plastic pots containing sterile soilrite inside the growth chamber and gradually transferred to greenhouse where they grew well with 85% survival rate. Changes in the content of photosynthetic pigments, net photosynthetic rate (PN), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity in C. angustifolia indicated the adaptation of micropropagated plants to ex vitro conditions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biochemical%20studies" title="biochemical studies">biochemical studies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nodal%20segments" title=" nodal segments"> nodal segments</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rooting" title=" rooting"> rooting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=synthetic%20seeds" title=" synthetic seeds"> synthetic seeds</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thidiazuron" title=" thidiazuron"> thidiazuron</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17510/in-vitro-morphogenic-response-of-the-alginate-encapsulated-nodal-segment-and-antioxidative-enzymes-analysis-during-acclimatization-of-cassia-angustifolia-vahl" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17510.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">360</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2</span> Direct Organogenesis of Begonia Rex cv. DS-EYWA, An Unique Rare Cultivar, via Thin Cell Layering (TCL) Technique</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahboubeh%20Davoudi%20Pahnekolayi">Mahboubeh Davoudi Pahnekolayi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Begonia rex cv. DS-EYWA is a rare, unique cultivar of begonia rex with curly colorful leaves. Optimization of an in vitro efficient regeneration protocol by focusing on transverse Thin Cell Layer (tTCL) petiole explants for high-scale production of such a beautiful cultivar was considered as our main purpose in this experiment. Thus, various concentrations of Plant Growth Regulators (PGRs) including 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP), Thidiazuron (TDY), and 鈥揘aphthaleneacetic Acid (NAA), were selected in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) to establish and optimize the direct organogenesis efficiency of this cultivar. Cultivation of 1 mm tTCL petiole explants in noted treatments showed that 1.5 mgl-1 BAP + 0.5 mgl-1 NAA can induce the highest number of direct regenerated shoots and lower concentration of BAP (0.5 mgl-1) can be suggested for shoot elongation before rooting stage. Elongated shoots were successfully rooted in MS free basal medium and acclimatized in 1:1 peat moss: perlite sterilized聽pot聽mixture. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=begonia%20rare%20cultivar" title="begonia rare cultivar">begonia rare cultivar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=direct%20organogenesis" title=" direct organogenesis"> direct organogenesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=explant%20type" title=" explant type"> explant type</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regeneration" title=" regeneration"> regeneration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thin%20cell%20layering%20%28TCL%29" title=" thin cell layering (TCL)"> thin cell layering (TCL)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169656/direct-organogenesis-of-begonia-rex-cv-ds-eywa-an-unique-rare-cultivar-via-thin-cell-layering-tcl-technique" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169656.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">75</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1</span> Regeneration of Plantlets via Direct Somatic Embryogenesis from Different Explants of Murraya koenigii</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nisha%20Khatik">Nisha Khatik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ramesh%20Joshi"> Ramesh Joshi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An in vitro plant regeneration system was developed via direct somatic embryogenesis from different seedling explants of an important medicinal plant Murraya koenigii (L) Spreng. Cotyledons (COT), Hypocotyle (HYP)(10 to 15 mm) and Root (RT) segments (10 to 20 mm) were excised from 60 days old seedlings as explants. The somatic embryos induction was achieved on MS basal medium augmented with different concentrations of BAP 1.33 to 8.40 碌M and TDZ 1.08 to 9.82 碌M. The globular embryos originated from cut ends and entire surface of the root, hypocotyle explants and margins of cotyledons within 30-40days. The percentage of somatic embryos induction per explant was significantly higher in HYP explants (94.21卤5.77%) in the MS basal medium supplemented with 6.20 碌M BAP and 8.64 碌M TDZ. The highest rate of conversion of torpedo, heart and cotyledonary stages from globular stage was obtained in MS medium supplemented with 8.64 碌M TDZ. The matured somatic embryos were transferred to the MS basal medium without PGRs. Highest 88% of the matured embryos were germinated on transfer to the PGR free medium where they grew for a further 3-4 weeks. Out of seventy six hardened plants seventy (92%) plantlets were found healthy under field conditions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Murraya%20koenigii" title="Murraya koenigii">Murraya koenigii</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=somatic%20embryogenesis" title=" somatic embryogenesis"> somatic embryogenesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thidiazuron" title=" thidiazuron"> thidiazuron</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regeneration" title=" regeneration"> regeneration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rutaceae" title=" rutaceae"> rutaceae</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20190/regeneration-of-plantlets-via-direct-somatic-embryogenesis-from-different-explants-of-murraya-koenigii" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20190.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">427</span> </span> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Account <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile">My Account</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Explore <li><a href="https://waset.org/disciplines">Disciplines</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conferences">Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conference-programs">Conference Program</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/committees">Committees</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Publications</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Research <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Open Science <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Philosophy.pdf">Open Science Philosophy</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Award.pdf">Open Science Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Society-Open-Science-and-Open-Innovation.pdf">Open Innovation</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Postdoctoral-Fellowship-Award.pdf">Postdoctoral Fellowship Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Scholarly-Research-Review.pdf">Scholarly Research Review</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Support <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">Support</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Report Abuse</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container text-center"> <hr style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.3rem;"> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" class="text-muted small">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a> <div id="copy" class="mt-2">© 2024 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology</div> </div> </footer> <a href="javascript:" id="return-to-top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></a> <div class="modal" id="modal-template"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="row m-0 mt-1"> <div class="col-md-12"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> </div> </div> <div class="modal-body"></div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/js/site.js?v=150220211556"></script> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function() { /*jQuery.get("https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", function (response) { jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); 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