Fairness | Machine Learning | Google for Developers

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class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Linear regression (70 min)</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/machine-learning/crash-course/linear-regression" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /machine-learning/crash-course/linear-regression" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/machine-learning/crash-course/linear-regression" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Linear regression (10 min)</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/machine-learning/crash-course/linear-regression/loss" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: 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pathname: /machine-learning/crash-course/linear-regression/gradient-descent" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/machine-learning/crash-course/linear-regression/gradient-descent" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Gradient descent (10 min)</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/machine-learning/crash-course/linear-regression/hyperparameters" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /machine-learning/crash-course/linear-regression/hyperparameters" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/machine-learning/crash-course/linear-regression/hyperparameters" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Hyperparameters (10 min)</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/machine-learning/crash-course/linear-regression/gradient-descent-exercise" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /machine-learning/crash-course/linear-regression/gradient-descent-exercise" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/machine-learning/crash-course/linear-regression/gradient-descent-exercise" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Interactive exercise: Gradient descent (5 min)</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/machine-learning/crash-course/linear-regression/programming-exercise" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /machine-learning/crash-course/linear-regression/programming-exercise" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/machine-learning/crash-course/linear-regression/programming-exercise" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Programming exercise (10 min)</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/machine-learning/crash-course/linear-regression/test-your-knowledge" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /machine-learning/crash-course/linear-regression/test-your-knowledge" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/machine-learning/crash-course/linear-regression/test-your-knowledge" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Test your knowledge (10 min)</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/machine-learning/crash-course/linear-regression/test-your-knowledge#whats_next" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /machine-learning/crash-course/linear-regression/test-your-knowledge#whats_next" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/machine-learning/crash-course/linear-regression/test-your-knowledge#whats_next" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>What's next</span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Logistic regression (35 min)</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/machine-learning/crash-course/logistic-regression" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /machine-learning/crash-course/logistic-regression" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/machine-learning/crash-course/logistic-regression" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Introduction (5 min)</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/machine-learning/crash-course/logistic-regression/sigmoid-function" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: 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data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /machine-learning/crash-course/logistic-regression/test-your-knowledge" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/machine-learning/crash-course/logistic-regression/test-your-knowledge" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Test your knowledge (10 min)</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/machine-learning/crash-course/logistic-regression/test-your-knowledge#whats_next" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /machine-learning/crash-course/logistic-regression/test-your-knowledge#whats_next" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/machine-learning/crash-course/logistic-regression/test-your-knowledge#whats_next" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>What's next</span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Classification (70 min)</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/machine-learning/crash-course/classification" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /machine-learning/crash-course/classification" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/machine-learning/crash-course/classification" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Introduction (3 mins)</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/machine-learning/crash-course/classification/thresholding" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: 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Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /machine-learning/crash-course/classification/multiclass" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/machine-learning/crash-course/classification/multiclass" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Multi-class classification (2 min)</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/machine-learning/crash-course/classification/programming-exercise" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /machine-learning/crash-course/classification/programming-exercise" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/machine-learning/crash-course/classification/programming-exercise" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Programming exercise (15 min)</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/machine-learning/crash-course/classification/test-your-knowledge" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" 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devsite-nav-title-no-path"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Data</span> </div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Working with numerical data (85 min)</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/machine-learning/crash-course/numerical-data" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /machine-learning/crash-course/numerical-data" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/machine-learning/crash-course/numerical-data" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Introduction (3 min)</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/machine-learning/crash-course/numerical-data/feature-vectors" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /machine-learning/crash-course/numerical-data/feature-vectors" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/machine-learning/crash-course/numerical-data/feature-vectors" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>How a model ingests data with feature vectors (5 min)</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/machine-learning/crash-course/numerical-data/first-steps" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /machine-learning/crash-course/numerical-data/first-steps" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/machine-learning/crash-course/numerical-data/first-steps" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>First steps (5 min)</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/machine-learning/crash-course/numerical-data/programming-exercises" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /machine-learning/crash-course/numerical-data/programming-exercises" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/machine-learning/crash-course/numerical-data/programming-exercises" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Programming exercises (10 min)</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/machine-learning/crash-course/numerical-data/normalization" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /machine-learning/crash-course/numerical-data/normalization" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/machine-learning/crash-course/numerical-data/normalization" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Normalization (20 min)</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/machine-learning/crash-course/numerical-data/binning" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /machine-learning/crash-course/numerical-data/binning" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/machine-learning/crash-course/numerical-data/binning" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Binning (15 min)</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/machine-learning/crash-course/numerical-data/scrubbing" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /machine-learning/crash-course/numerical-data/scrubbing" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/machine-learning/crash-course/numerical-data/scrubbing" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Scrubbing (5 min)</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/machine-learning/crash-course/numerical-data/qualities-of-good-numerical-features" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /machine-learning/crash-course/numerical-data/qualities-of-good-numerical-features" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/machine-learning/crash-course/numerical-data/qualities-of-good-numerical-features" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Qualities of good numerical features (5 min)</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/machine-learning/crash-course/numerical-data/polynomial-transforms" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /machine-learning/crash-course/numerical-data/polynomial-transforms" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/machine-learning/crash-course/numerical-data/polynomial-transforms" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Polynomial transforms (5 min)</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/machine-learning/crash-course/numerical-data/test-your-knowledge" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /machine-learning/crash-course/numerical-data/test-your-knowledge" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/machine-learning/crash-course/numerical-data/test-your-knowledge" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Test your knowledge (10 min)</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/machine-learning/crash-course/numerical-data/conclusion" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /machine-learning/crash-course/numerical-data/conclusion" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/machine-learning/crash-course/numerical-data/conclusion" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Conclusion (2 min)</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/machine-learning/crash-course/numerical-data/conclusion#whats_next" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /machine-learning/crash-course/numerical-data/conclusion#whats_next" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/machine-learning/crash-course/numerical-data/conclusion#whats_next" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>What's next</span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Working with categorical data (50 min)</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/machine-learning/crash-course/categorical-data" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /machine-learning/crash-course/categorical-data" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/machine-learning/crash-course/categorical-data" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Introduction (10 min)</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/machine-learning/crash-course/categorical-data/one-hot-encoding" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /machine-learning/crash-course/categorical-data/one-hot-encoding" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/machine-learning/crash-course/categorical-data/one-hot-encoding" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Vocabulary and one-hot encoding (5 min)</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a 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(10 min)</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/machine-learning/crash-course/categorical-data/test-your-knowledge#whats_next" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /machine-learning/crash-course/categorical-data/test-your-knowledge#whats_next" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/machine-learning/crash-course/categorical-data/test-your-knowledge#whats_next" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>What's next</span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Datasets, generalization, and overfitting (105 min)</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/machine-learning/crash-course/overfitting" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /machine-learning/crash-course/overfitting" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/machine-learning/crash-course/overfitting" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Introduction (5 min)</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/machine-learning/crash-course/overfitting/data-characteristics" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /machine-learning/crash-course/overfitting/data-characteristics" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/machine-learning/crash-course/overfitting/data-characteristics" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Data characteristics (10 min)</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/machine-learning/crash-course/overfitting/labels" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /machine-learning/crash-course/overfitting/labels" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/machine-learning/crash-course/overfitting/labels" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Labels (10 min)</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/machine-learning/crash-course/overfitting/imbalanced-datasets" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /machine-learning/crash-course/overfitting/imbalanced-datasets" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/machine-learning/crash-course/overfitting/imbalanced-datasets" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Imbalanced datasets (10 min)</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/machine-learning/crash-course/overfitting/dividing-datasets" class="devsite-nav-title 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gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /machine-learning/crash-course/overfitting/generalization" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/machine-learning/crash-course/overfitting/generalization" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Generalization (5 min)</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/machine-learning/crash-course/overfitting/overfitting" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /machine-learning/crash-course/overfitting/overfitting" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/machine-learning/crash-course/overfitting/overfitting" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Overfitting (10 min)</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/machine-learning/crash-course/overfitting/model-complexity" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /machine-learning/crash-course/overfitting/model-complexity" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/machine-learning/crash-course/overfitting/model-complexity" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Model complexity (10 min)</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/machine-learning/crash-course/overfitting/regularization" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /machine-learning/crash-course/overfitting/regularization" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/machine-learning/crash-course/overfitting/regularization" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>L2 regularization (10 min)</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/machine-learning/crash-course/overfitting/interpreting-loss-curves" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /machine-learning/crash-course/overfitting/interpreting-loss-curves" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/machine-learning/crash-course/overfitting/interpreting-loss-curves" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Interpreting loss curves (10 min)</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/machine-learning/crash-course/overfitting/test-your-knowledge" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /machine-learning/crash-course/overfitting/test-your-knowledge" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/machine-learning/crash-course/overfitting/test-your-knowledge" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Test your knowledge (10 min)</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/machine-learning/crash-course/overfitting/test-your-knowledge#whats_next" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /machine-learning/crash-course/overfitting/test-your-knowledge#whats_next" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/machine-learning/crash-course/overfitting/test-your-knowledge#whats_next" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>What's next</span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Advanced ML models</span> </div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Neural networks (75 min)</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/machine-learning/crash-course/neural-networks" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /machine-learning/crash-course/neural-networks" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/machine-learning/crash-course/neural-networks" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Introduction (5 min)</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/machine-learning/crash-course/neural-networks/nodes-hidden-layers" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /machine-learning/crash-course/neural-networks/nodes-hidden-layers" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/machine-learning/crash-course/neural-networks/nodes-hidden-layers" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Nodes and hidden layers (15 min)</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/machine-learning/crash-course/neural-networks/activation-functions" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /machine-learning/crash-course/neural-networks/activation-functions" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/machine-learning/crash-course/neural-networks/activation-functions" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Activation functions (10 min)</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/machine-learning/crash-course/neural-networks/backpropagation" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /machine-learning/crash-course/neural-networks/backpropagation" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/machine-learning/crash-course/neural-networks/backpropagation" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Training using backpropagation (10 min)</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/machine-learning/crash-course/neural-networks/interactive-exercises" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /machine-learning/crash-course/neural-networks/interactive-exercises" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/machine-learning/crash-course/neural-networks/interactive-exercises" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Interactive exercises (15 min)</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/machine-learning/crash-course/neural-networks/multi-class" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /machine-learning/crash-course/neural-networks/multi-class" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/machine-learning/crash-course/neural-networks/multi-class" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Multi-class classification (10 min)</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/machine-learning/crash-course/neural-networks/test-your-knowledge" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /machine-learning/crash-course/neural-networks/test-your-knowledge" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/machine-learning/crash-course/neural-networks/test-your-knowledge" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Test your knowledge (10 min)</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/machine-learning/crash-course/neural-networks/test-your-knowledge#whats_next" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /machine-learning/crash-course/neural-networks/test-your-knowledge#whats_next" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/machine-learning/crash-course/neural-networks/test-your-knowledge#whats_next" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>What's next</span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Embeddings (40 min)</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/machine-learning/crash-course/embeddings" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /machine-learning/crash-course/embeddings" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/machine-learning/crash-course/embeddings" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Introduction (5 min)</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/machine-learning/crash-course/embeddings/embedding-space" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /machine-learning/crash-course/embeddings/embedding-space" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/machine-learning/crash-course/embeddings/embedding-space" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Translating to a lower-dimensional space (15 min)</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/machine-learning/crash-course/embeddings/obtaining-embeddings" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /machine-learning/crash-course/embeddings/obtaining-embeddings" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/machine-learning/crash-course/embeddings/obtaining-embeddings" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Obtaining embeddings (10 min)</span></a></li><li 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next</span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Large language models (LLMs) (45 min)</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/machine-learning/crash-course/llm" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /machine-learning/crash-course/llm" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/machine-learning/crash-course/llm" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Introduction: What is a language model? 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(15 min)</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/machine-learning/crash-course/llm/tuning" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /machine-learning/crash-course/llm/tuning" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/machine-learning/crash-course/llm/tuning" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Fine-tuning, distillation, and prompt engineering (10 min)</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/machine-learning/crash-course/llm/test-your-knowledge" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /machine-learning/crash-course/llm/test-your-knowledge" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/machine-learning/crash-course/llm/test-your-knowledge" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Test your knowledge (10 min)</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/machine-learning/crash-course/llm/test-your-knowledge#whats_next" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /machine-learning/crash-course/llm/test-your-knowledge#whats_next" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/machine-learning/crash-course/llm/test-your-knowledge#whats_next" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>What's next</span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Real-world ML</span> </div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Production ML systems (70 min)</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/machine-learning/crash-course/production-ml-systems" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /machine-learning/crash-course/production-ml-systems" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/machine-learning/crash-course/production-ml-systems" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Introduction (2 min)</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/machine-learning/crash-course/production-ml-systems/static-vs-dynamic-training" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /machine-learning/crash-course/production-ml-systems/static-vs-dynamic-training" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/machine-learning/crash-course/production-ml-systems/static-vs-dynamic-training" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Static vs. dynamic training (10 min)</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/machine-learning/crash-course/production-ml-systems/static-vs-dynamic-inference" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /machine-learning/crash-course/production-ml-systems/static-vs-dynamic-inference" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/machine-learning/crash-course/production-ml-systems/static-vs-dynamic-inference" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Static vs. dynamic inference (10 min)</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/machine-learning/crash-course/production-ml-systems/transforming-data" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /machine-learning/crash-course/production-ml-systems/transforming-data" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/machine-learning/crash-course/production-ml-systems/transforming-data" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>When to transform data? 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class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Automated machine learning (30 min)</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/machine-learning/crash-course/automl" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /machine-learning/crash-course/automl" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/machine-learning/crash-course/automl" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Introduction (10 min)</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/machine-learning/crash-course/automl/benefits-limitations" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /machine-learning/crash-course/automl/benefits-limitations" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/machine-learning/crash-course/automl/benefits-limitations" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Benefits and limitations (10 min)</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/machine-learning/crash-course/automl/getting-started" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /machine-learning/crash-course/automl/getting-started" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/machine-learning/crash-course/automl/getting-started" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Getting started (10 min)</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/machine-learning/crash-course/automl/getting-started#whats_next" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /machine-learning/crash-course/automl/getting-started#whats_next" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/machine-learning/crash-course/automl/getting-started#whats_next" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>What's next</span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Fairness (110 min)</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/machine-learning/crash-course/fairness" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /machine-learning/crash-course/fairness" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/machine-learning/crash-course/fairness" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Introduction (5 min)</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/machine-learning/crash-course/fairness/types-of-bias" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, 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pathname: /machine-learning/crash-course/fairness/counterfactual-fairness" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/machine-learning/crash-course/fairness/counterfactual-fairness" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Counterfactual fairness (10 min)</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/machine-learning/crash-course/fairness/programming-exercise" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /machine-learning/crash-course/fairness/programming-exercise" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/machine-learning/crash-course/fairness/programming-exercise" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Programming exercise (40 min)</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/machine-learning/crash-course/fairness/test-your-knowledge" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav 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</devsite-feedback> <h1 class="devsite-page-title" tabindex="-1"> Fairness </h1> <devsite-feature-tooltip ack-key="AckCollectionsBookmarkTooltipDismiss" analytics-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" analytics-action-show="Callout Profile displayed" analytics-action-close="Callout Profile dismissed" analytics-label="Create Collection Callout" class="devsite-page-bookmark-tooltip nocontent" dismiss-button="true" id="devsite-collections-dropdown" dismiss-button-text="Dismiss" close-button-text="Got it"> <devsite-bookmark></devsite-bookmark> <span slot="popout-heading"> Stay organized with collections </span> <span slot="popout-contents"> Save and categorize content based on your preferences. </span> </devsite-feature-tooltip> <div class="devsite-page-title-meta"><devsite-view-release-notes></devsite-view-release-notes></div> <devsite-toc class="devsite-nav" depth="2" devsite-toc-embedded > </devsite-toc> <div class="devsite-article-body clearfix "> <p> <devsite-mathjax config="TeX-AMS-MML_SVG"></devsite-mathjax> <devsite-engedu-telemetry program="ML_EDU"></devsite-engedu-telemetry></p> <aside class="note time"><strong>Estimated module length:</strong> 110 minutes</aside> <p>Evaluating a machine learning model (ML) responsibly requires doing more than just calculating overall loss metrics. Before putting a model into production, it's critical to audit training data and evaluate predictions for <a href="/machine-learning/glossary#bias-ethicsfairness">bias</a>.</p> <p>This module looks at different types of human biases that can manifest in training data. It then provides strategies to identify and mitigate them, and then evaluate model performance with fairness in mind.</p> <aside class="objective"><b>Learning objectives</b> <p>This module assumes you are familiar with the concepts covered in the following modules:</p> <ul> <li> Become aware of common human biases that can inadvertently be reproduced by ML algorithms.</li> <li> Proactively explore data to identify sources of bias before training a model.</li> <li> Evaluate model predictions for bias.</li> </ul> </aside> <aside class="caution prereqs"><b>Prerequisites:</b> <ul> <li><a href="/machine-learning/intro-to-ml">Introduction to Machine Learning</a></li> <li><a href="/machine-learning/crash-course/linear-regression">Linear regression</a></li> <li><a href="/machine-learning/crash-course/logistic-regression">Logistic regression</a></li> <li><a href="/machine-learning/crash-course/classification">Classification</a></li> <li><a href="/machine-learning/crash-course/numerical-data">Working with numerical data</a></li> <li><a href="/machine-learning/crash-course/categorical-data">Working with categorical data</a></li> <li><a href="/machine-learning/crash-course/overfitting">Datasets, generalization, and overfitting</a></li> </ul> </aside> <div class="video-wrapper-full-width"> <devsite-video video-id="NIwexiIjASA" rel="0"> </devsite-video> </div> <aside class="key-term"><b>Key terms:</b> <ul> <li><a href="/machine-learning/glossary#bias-ethicsfairness">Bias (ethics/fairness)</a></li> <li><a href="/machine-learning/glossary#model">Model</a></li> </ul> </aside> <div style="text-align: center; padding-top: 20px;"> <a class="button button-primary" href="https://support.google.com/machinelearningeducation">Help Center</a> </div> </div> <div class="devsite-steps"> <div class="steps-previous steps-direction"> <a href="/machine-learning/crash-course/automl/getting-started" class="steps-link gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-action="Previous step" data-label="/machine-learning/crash-course/automl/getting-started"> <div class="steps-link-direction">Previous</div> <span class="steps-link-arrow steps-link-arrow-left material-icons" aria-hidden="true"> arrow_back </span> <span class="steps-link-title-previous steps-link-title"> Getting started (10 min) </span> </a> </div> <div class="steps-next steps-direction"> <a href="/machine-learning/crash-course/fairness/types-of-bias" class="steps-link gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-action="Next step" data-label="/machine-learning/crash-course/fairness/types-of-bias"> <div class="steps-link-direction">Next</div> <span class="steps-link-title-next steps-link-title"> Types of bias (5 min) </span> <span class="steps-link-arrow steps-link-arrow-right material-icons" aria-hidden="true"> arrow_forward </span> </a> </div> </div> <devsite-recommendations display="in-page" hidden yield> </devsite-recommendations> <devsite-thumb-rating position="footer"> </devsite-thumb-rating> <devsite-feedback position="footer" project-name="Machine Learning" product-id="5005867" bucket="" context="" version="t-devsite-webserver-20241114-r00-rc02.464922260396498922" data-label="Send Feedback Button" track-type="feedback" track-name="sendFeedbackLink" track-metadata-position="footer" class="nocontent" project-icon="https://www.gstatic.com/devrel-devsite/prod/v870e399c64f7c43c99a3043db4b3a74327bb93d0914e84a0c3dba90bbfd67625/developers/images/touchicon-180-new.png" > <button> Send feedback </button> </devsite-feedback> <devsite-recommendations id="recommendations-link" yield></devsite-recommendations> <div class="devsite-floating-action-buttons"> </div> </article> <devsite-content-footer class="nocontent"> <p>Except as otherwise noted, the content of this page is licensed under the <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License</a>, and code samples are licensed under the <a href="https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0">Apache 2.0 License</a>. 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