FLAMES | ESO

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</a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/visir/"> VISIR </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/x-shooter/"> X-shooter </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-names/"> VLT Unit Telescopes Names <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-286" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-names/antu/"> Antu </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-names/kueyen/"> Kueyen </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-names/melipal/"> Melipal </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-names/yepun/"> Yepun </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlti/"> VLT Interferometer <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-291" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/gravity+/"> GRAVITY+ </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/gravity/"> GRAVITY </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/matisse/"> MATISSE </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/naomi/"> NAOMI </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/pionier/"> PIONIER </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/amber/"> AMBER </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/midi/"> MIDI </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/vinci/"> VINCI </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/auxiliarytelescopes/"> Auxiliary Telescopes </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/"> Survey Telescopes <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-301" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class="submenu"><a href="/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vista/"> VISTA <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-302" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vista/mirror/"> The VISTA mirror </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vista/camera/"> VIRCAM </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vista/4most/"> 4MOST </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vista/surveys/"> The VISTA surveys </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vista/consortium/"> The VISTA consortium </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vst/"> VST <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-308" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vst/mirror/"> The VST mirrors </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vst/camera/"> OmegaCAM </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vst/surveys/"> The VST surveys </a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/speculoos/"> SPECULOOS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/ngts/"> NGTS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/ctao/"> Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/"> La Silla Observatory <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-315" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class="submenu"><a href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/swedish/"> Swedish–ESO Submillimetre Telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-316" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/swedish/simba/"> SIMBA </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/ntt/"> New Technology Telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-318" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/ntt/efosc2/"> EFOSC2 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/ntt/emmi/"> EMMI </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/ntt/irspec/"> IRSPEC </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/ntt/sofi/"> SOFI </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/ntt/soxs/"> SOXS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/ntt/susi2/"> SUSI and SUSI2 </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/"> ESO 3.6-metre telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-325" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/adonis/"> ADONIS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/caspec/"> CASPEC </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/irspec/"> IRSPEC </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/harps/"> HARPS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/mefos/"> MEFOS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/nirps/"> NIRPS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/optopus/"> OPTOPUS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/timmi2/"> TIMMI/2 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/36-infrared-photometer-spectrophotometer/"> Infrared Photometer/Spectrophotometer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/36-standard-photometer/"> Standard Photometer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/infrared-specklegraph/"> Infrared Specklegraph </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/infrared-speckle-interferometer/"> Infrared Speckle Interferometer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/efosc/"> EFOSC </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/mpg22/"> MPG/ESO 2.2-metre telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-339" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/mpg22/feros/"> FEROS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/mpg22/grond/"> GROND </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/mpg22/irac2/"> IRAC & IRAC2 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/mpg22/pisco/"> PISCO </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/mpg22/wfi/"> WFI </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/mpg22/infrared-photometer-spectrophotometer/"> Infrared Photometer/Spectrophotometer </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/swiss/"> Swiss 1.2-metre Leonhard Euler Telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-346" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/swiss/coralie/"> CORALIE </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/rem/"> Rapid Eye Mount telescope </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/trappist/"> TRAnsiting Planets and PlanetesImals Small Telescope–South </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish154/"> Danish 1.54-metre telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-350" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish154/coravel/"> CORAVEL </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish154/dfosc/"> DFOSC </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish154/ccd/"> CCD camera </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish154/hb-photometer/"> Hβ Photometer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish154/two-channel-photometer/"> Two-Channel Photometer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish154/four-channel-photometer/"> Four-Channel Photometer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish154/six-channel-photometer/"> Six-Channel uvby-Hβ Photometer </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/tarot/"> Télescope à Action Rapide pour les Objets Transitoires </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/1mschmidt/"> ESO 1-metre Schmidt telescope </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/152metre/"> ESO 1.52-metre telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-360" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/152metre/bandc/"> Boller and Chivens Spectrograph </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/152metre/coude/"> Coudé Spectrograph </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/152metre/echelec/"> ECHELEC </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/152metre/rv-cass-spectrograph/"> RV Cass Spectrograph </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/1metre/"> ESO 1-metre telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-365" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/1metre/fideos/"> FIDEOS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/1metre/infrared-photometer/"> Infrared Photometer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/1metre/single-channel-photometer/"> Single-Channel Photometer </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/05metre/"> ESO 0.5-metre telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-369" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/05metre/single-channel-photometer/"> Single-Channel Photometer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/05metre/double-channel-photometer/"> Double-Channel Photometer </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/coude/"> Coudé Auxiliary Telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-372" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/coude/ces/"> CES </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/marly/"> MarLy 1-metre telescope </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/09metre/"> Dutch 0.9-metre telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-375" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/09metre/walraven/"> Walraven Photometer </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/t70/"> Swiss T70 telescope </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/bochum/"> Bochum 0.61-metre telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-378" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/bochum/bochum-scanner/"> Bochum Scanner </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/bochum/bochum-photometer/"> Bochum Photometer </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish05/"> Danish 0.5-metre telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-381" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish05/danish-two-channel-hb-photometer/"> Two-Channel Hβ Photometer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish05/danish-four-channel-uvby-photometer/"> Four-Channel uvby Photometer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish05/danish-six-channel-uvby-hb-photometer/"> Six-Channel uvby–Hβ Photometer </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/gpo/"> Grand Prisme Objectif telescope </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/swiss04/"> Swiss 0.4-metre telescope </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/marseille/"> Marseille 0.36-metre telescope </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/grb/"> GRB Monitoring System </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/mascara/"> MASCARA </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/blackgem/"> BlackGEM </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/extra/"> ExTrA </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/test-bed/"> Test-Bed Telescope </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/public/teles-instr/apex/"> APEX <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-393" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/apex/apex-2a/"> APEX–2A </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/apex/artemis/"> ArTéMiS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/apex/aszca/"> ASZCa </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/apex/champ-plus/"> CHAMP+ </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/apex/concerto/"> CONCERTO </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/apex/flash/"> FLASH </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/apex/flash-plus/"> FLASH+ </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/apex/laboca/"> LABOCA </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/apex/mpi_11thz/"> MPI_1.1THz </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/apex/p-artemis/"> P-ArTéMiS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/apex/pi230/"> PI230 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/apex/polka/"> PolKa </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/apex/saboca/"> SABOCA </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/apex/sepia/"> SEPIA </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/apex/shefi/"> SHeFI </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/public/teles-instr/alma/"> ALMA <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-409" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/alma/antennas/"> Antennas </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/alma/transporters/"> Transporters </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/alma/interferometry/"> Interferometry </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/alma/receiver-bands/"> Receiver Bands </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/alma/residencia/"> ALMA Residencia </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/elt/"> ELT </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/public/teles-instr/technology/"> Technology for Telescopes <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-416" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/technology/active_optics/"> Active Optics </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/technology/adaptive_optics/"> Adaptive Optics </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/technology/ifu/"> Integral Field Units </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/technology/interferometry/"> Interferometry </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/technology/spectroscopy/"> Spectroscopy </a></li><li 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class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="https://www.eso.org/public/science/event-horizon/"> First image of a black hole </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://www.eso.org/public/science/EHT-MilkyWay/"> First image of the Milky Way central black hole </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://www.eso.org/public/science/gc/"> More about the black hole at the galactic centre </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/public/science/grb/"> Gamma-Ray Bursts </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/science/archive/"> Science Archive </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li><a href="/public/events/">Events<span class="fa fa-angle-down level0-children-arrows"></span></a> <span class="mobile-children"> <span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span> </span> <div class="level1-wrapper"> <div class="level1"> <ul id="submenu-aim-434" class="submenu-aim"> <li class=""><a href="/public/events/press-evt/"> Press Events </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/public/events/special-evt/"> Special Events <span 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<div class="container " id="body"> <div class="row no-page"> <div class="col-md-12"> </div> </div> <div class="row page"> <div class="col-md-12 one-column"> <div id="edit-info-block"> <div id="page-edit-success" class="alert alert-success alert-dismissible" role="alert" style="display: none"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="alert" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> Page saved successfully </div> <div id="page-edit-failure" class="alert alert-danger alert-dismissible" role="alert" style="display: none"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="alert" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> Couldn't save page :( Please try again. </div> </div> <div class='page-content'> <div id="editable-content"> <h1>FLAMES</h1> <h2>Fibre Large Array Multi Element Spectrograph</h2> <p><a href="/public/images/flames_close/"><img src="/public/archives/static/teles-instr/vlt/images/flames_pano.jpg" border="0" /></a><br /><small>On the side of the Very Large Telescope’s second Unit Telescope, this box contains FLAMES, the OzPoz robotic fibre positioner, and the GIRAFFE spectrograph. </small></p> <p> </p> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-8"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-8"> <p>FLAMES (the Fibre Large Array Multi Element Spectrograph) is almost a mythological monster: MEDUSA, one of three systems which feed GIRAFFE, the main spectrograph for FLAMES, has more than 130 fibres. Each of these fibres is positioned very precisely on a metal plate by the robotic arm of OzPoz. “<em>The light from each star is collected by the corresponding fibre and sent to a spectrograph,</em>” explains Dimitri Gadotti, Instrument Scientist for FLAMES. “<em>In this way, FLAMES is able to take <a href="http://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/technology/spectroscopy/">spectra</a> of a large number of astronomical objects at the same time.</em>”</p> <p>Apart from MEDUSA, GIRAFFE can also be fed by two different integral field devices: IFU (Integral Field Unit) and ARGUS. An integral field unit can be visualised as a camera where each pixel is an individual spectrograph. So it can take images and, at the same time, the spectra of every part of the field of view and not only of selected targets. This is especially useful in very crowded fields.</p> <p>A spectrograph is basically a kind of sophisticated prism: it is an instrument able to decompose light into its component wavelengths. Instead of a simple rainbow, the output is a spectrum which is recorded on a CCD detector and finally saved in a computer file for further processing and analysis, allowing the astronomer to measure the intensity of the light at each wavelength precisely.</p> <p>But FLAMES, the multi-object intermediate/high resolution spectrograph installed on the second Unit Telescope (UT2) at the Very Large Telescope (VLT), is far more complex as it feeds<em> two</em> spectrographs: the main intermediate resolution GIRAFFE and the high resolution UVES (Ultraviolet and Visual Echelle Spectrograph, also installed on UT2).</p> <p>With UVES, a much higher resolution can be achieved than with GIRAFFE, but it can only observe a maximum of eight objects at the same time and in the red part of the visible light region. The resolution of a spectrograph is the minimum difference in wavelength that can be detected for a specific wavelength of light. It is determined by the dispersion characteristics of the prism-like device.</p> <p>“<em>Spectra contain information about the motions, ages and chemical content of stars, as well as properties of the gaseous component,</em>” explains Gadotti. “<em>This makes FLAMES the perfect tool to study stellar populations and the structure and evolution of stellar systems; from our own galaxy, the Milky Way, and the nearby Magellanic Clouds, to more distant galaxies</em>”.</p> </div> <div class="col-md-4"> <div class="thumbnail"><a href="/public/images/vlt-ozpozitioner/"><img src="/public/archives/images/news/vlt-ozpozitioner.jpg" border="0" /></a> <div class="caption">The OzPoz robotic arm is setting MEDUSA’s fibres at the expected position for over 100 stars.</div> </div> <div class="thumbnail"><a href="/public/images/exoplanets_french-11/"><img src="/public/archives/images/news/exoplanets_french-11.jpg" border="0" /></a> <div class="caption">The two plates each hold over 130 fibres. The vertical plate is ready for observations at the focus of the telescope, while the horizontal one is being prepared by the OzPoz fibre positioner.</div> </div> <div class="thumbnail"><a href="/public/images/eso0910b/"><img src="/public/archives/images/news/eso0910b.jpg" border="0" /></a> <div class="caption">Maps showing the motion of gas and stars within three very distant galaxies. The areas marked in red move away from us, those in blue towards us.</div> </div> </div> </div> <h2>Science Highlights</h2> <ul> <li> <p>Discovery that the giant elliptical galaxy Messier 87 has swallowed an entire medium-sized galaxy over the last billion years (<a href="http://www.eso.org/public/news/eso1525/">eso1525</a>)</p> </li> <li> <p>New variety of globular star cluster discovered (<a href="http://www.eso.org/public/news/eso1519/">eso1519</a>)</p> </li> <li> <p>First discovery of partner star of a magnetar, helping to explain how magnetars form (<a href="http://www.eso.org/public/news/eso1415/">eso1415</a>)</p> </li> <li> <p>FLAMES played a key role in determining that the central bulge of our galaxy, the Milky Way, has a complex “peanut” shape (<a href="/public/news/eso1339/">eso1339</a>).</p> </li> <li> <p>By studying many stars in a globular cluster, astronomers using FLAMES determined that the amount of sodium contained in a star is a very strong predictor of how they end their lives (<a href="/public/news/eso1323/">eso1323</a>).</p> </li> <li> <p>By surveying many stars with FLAMES, astronomers discovered several weird — and interesting — stars: for example, an isolated star that is three million times brighter than the Sun, but, unlike all the other known super-stars (<a href="/public/news/eso1117/">eso1117</a>), not embedded in a star cluster; the fastest rotating star (<a href="/public/news/eso1147/">eso1147</a>); and a mysterious magnetar — a star so massive that it should have died forming a black hole, but instead converted into an unusual neutron star with a very strong magnetic field (<a href="/public/news/eso1034/">eso1034</a>).</p> </li> <li> <p>By using FLAMES to measure many planetary nebulae in the giant galaxy M87, astronomers realised that the halo surrounding that galaxy is actually much smaller than expected: it has been trimmed down by an effect (<a href="/public/news/eso0919/">eso0919</a>) that is still not understood.</p> </li> <li> <p>By combining spectral images of very distant galaxies from FLAMES+ARGUS with high-resolution images from the Hubble Space Telescope, astronomers could reconstruct the motions of stars within these ancient galaxies, thereby probing the history of galaxy formation and evolution at a time when the Sun did not exist. The maps showing the motions within three of these galaxies are displayed in the image on the side (<a href="/public/news/eso0910/">eso0910</a>).</p> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-4"> <table class="table table-bordered" width="100%"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <h3>FLAMES</h3> <p><small>The authoritative technical specifications as offered for astronomical observations are available from the <a href="/sci/facilities/paranal/instruments/flames.html">Science Operation page</a>.</small></p> <div> <table class="table"> <tbody> <tr> <td width="33%"> <p><strong>Location</strong>:</p> </td> <td valign="top"> <p>Paranal</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"> <p><strong>Telescope</strong>:</p> </td> <td valign="top"> <p><a href="/public/teles-instr/paranal/">VLT UT2</a></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"> <p><strong>Focus</strong>:</p> </td> <td valign="top"> <p>Nasmyth A</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"> <p><strong>Type</strong>:</p> </td> <td valign="top"> <p>Multi-object integral field <a href="/public/teles-instr/technology/spectroscopy/">spectrograph</a></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"> <p><strong>Wavelength coverage</strong>:</p> </td> <td valign="top"> <p>370–950 nm</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"> <p><strong>Spatial resolution</strong>:</p> </td> <td valign="top"> <p>Not applicable</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"> <p><strong>Spectral resolution</strong>:</p> </td> <td valign="top"> <p>7500–30 000 with GIRAFFE<br />40 000 with UVES</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"> <p><strong>First light</strong></p> </td> <td valign="top"> <p>July 2002 (GIRAFFE)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"> <p><strong>Images taken with the instrument</strong>:</p> </td> <td valign="top"> <p><a href="/public/images/archive/search/?ranking=0&release_id=&minimum_size=0&description=&published_until_year=0&credit=&published_until_month=0&title=&subject_name=&instrument=6&published_until_day=0&published_since_day=0&published_since_month=0&id=&published_since_year=0">Link</a></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"> <p><strong>Images of the instrument</strong>:</p> </td> <td valign="top"> <p><a href="/public/images/archive/search/?subject_name=FLAMES">Link</a></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"> <p><strong>Videos of the instrument</strong>:</p> </td> <td valign="top"> <p><a href="/public/videos/archive/search/?subject_name=FLAMES">Link</a></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><strong>Press Releases with the instrument:</strong></td> <td valign="top"><a href="/public/news/archive/search/?published_until_year=0&published_until_day=0&description=&title=&instruments=6&subject_name=&published_since_day=0&published_since_month=0&published_until_month=0&id=&published_since_year=0">Link</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><strong>Data papers:</strong></td> <td valign="top"> <p><a href="http://telbib.eso.org/index.php?&flimiti=off&fq[]=instrument:FLAMES">Link</a></p> <p><a href="http://www.eso.org/sci/observing/policies/publications.html">ESO data citation policy</a></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"> <p><strong>Science goals:</strong></p> </td> <td valign="top"> <p>Extrasolar planet hunting, chemical abundances of stellar groups (globular, open clusters, galactic streams, local group galaxies, etc.), kinematics and dark matter, planetary nebulae, the interstellar medium and stellar evolution</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"> <p><strong>Consortium</strong>:</p> </td> <td valign="top"> <p>Observatoire de Genève et de Lausanne, Switzerland</p> <p>INAF: Osservatorio di Bologna, Capoterra, Palermo, and Trieste, Italy</p> <p>Observatoire de Paris-Meudon, France</p> <p>Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia</p> <p>Anglo Australian Observatory, Sydney, Australia</p> <p>ESO</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <table border="0" width="66%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td valign="top" width="50%"> <p><a href="/public/images/giraffe_medusa_cc/"><img src="/public/archives/images/news/giraffe_medusa_cc.jpg" border="0" /></a><br /><small><strong>A raw image from FLAMES with MEDUSA and GIRAFFE</strong></small></p> <p style="text-align: left;"><small>The OzPoz robotic arm has positioned each of the 130 MEDUSA fibres on a different star in a cluster. The light from each fibre is dispersed by the GIRAFFE spectrograph, forming a spectrum that shows the intensity of the light for each constituent colour. On the image, each spectrum appears as an individual vertical line. Some are brighter as they correspond to brighter stars. </small></p> </td> <td valign="top"> <p><a href="/public/images/giraffe_argus_cc/"><img src="/public/archives/images/news/giraffe_argus_cc.jpg" border="0" /></a><br /><small><strong>A raw image from FLAMES with ARGUS and GIRAFFE</strong></small></p> <p style="text-align: left;"><small>Each of the pixels of the ARGUS system is fitted with an optical fibre that brings the light into the GIRAFFE spectrograph, which disperses its individual colours to form a spectrum. Each spectrum appears as an individual vertical line. As the position of each fibre in the original image is known, data analysis software can re-assign each spectra to its original pixel, forming a kind of image where each pixel has the full details of the spectrum. In the case of this image, the telescope pointed ARGUS at a galaxy and the resulting spectra were used to build one of the images at the top of this page. </small></p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="row footernote"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-3"> <a href="mailto:information@eso.org">Send us your comments!</a> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-3"> <a href="/public/outreach/newsletters/esonews/">Subscribe to receive news from ESO in your language</a> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-3"> <a href="https://www.cdn77.com">Accelerated by CDN77</a> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-3"> <a href="/public/about-eso/privacy/">Terms & Conditions</a> </div> </div> <link href="/public/archives/djp/css/extras.d3e54451ebbb.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> <script type="text/javascript">var MEDIA_URL = "/public/archives/"</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/public/archives/djp/js/main.04a7335af5a0.js" charset="utf-8"></script> </div>  <div id="social-share" class="hidden-print"> <div class="link facebook" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="right" title="Share on Facebook"> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/flames/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><i class="fa-brands fa-facebook-f" aria-hidden="true"></i></a> </div> <div class="link twitter" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="right" title="Share on X/Twitter"> <a href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/flames/&text=FLAMES&via=ESO" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><i class="fa-brands fa-x-twitter"></i></i></a> </div> <div class="link pinterest" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="right" title="Share on Pinterest"> <a href="https://pinterest.com/pin/create/button/?url=https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/flames/&media=&description=FLAMES" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><i class="fa-brands fa-pinterest-p" aria-hidden="true"></i></a> </div> <div class="link print" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="right" title="Print"> <a href="javascript:window.print()" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><i class="fa fa-print" aria-hidden="true"></i></a> </div> <div class="link email" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="right" title="Share by email"> <a href="mailto:%20?subject=ESO — FLAMES&body=https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/flames/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><i class="fa-regular fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i></a> </div> </div> <script> $('[data-toggle="tooltip"]').tooltip(); </script> <input type='hidden' name='csrfmiddlewaretoken' value='G6fspXyY6dLNrRJB4wORpG2TuNK2b1cKEWknrOGvqiIGePufdOc9YupI1XIN3CKy' /> </body> </html>

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