Thermal properties

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr" prefix="content: http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/ dc: http://purl.org/dc/terms/ foaf: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/ og: http://ogp.me/ns# rdfs: http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema# schema: http://schema.org/ sioc: http://rdfs.org/sioc/ns# sioct: http://rdfs.org/sioc/types# skos: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core# xsd: http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema# "> <head><script type="text/javascript" src="https://web-static.archive.org/_static/js/bundle-playback.js?v=7YQSqjSh" charset="utf-8"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web-static.archive.org/_static/js/wombat.js?v=txqj7nKC" charset="utf-8"></script> <script>window.RufflePlayer=window.RufflePlayer||{};window.RufflePlayer.config={"autoplay":"on","unmuteOverlay":"hidden"};</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web-static.archive.org/_static/js/ruffle/ruffle.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> __wm.init("https://web.archive.org/web"); __wm.wombat("https://www.nist.gov/thermal-properties","20221208125942","https://web.archive.org/","web","https://web-static.archive.org/_static/", "1670504382"); </script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://web-static.archive.org/_static/css/banner-styles.css?v=p7PEIJWi" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://web-static.archive.org/_static/css/iconochive.css?v=3PDvdIFv" />  <meta charset="utf-8"/><script type="text/javascript">(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).init={ajax:{deny_list:["gov-bam.nr-data.net"]}};(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).loader_config={licenseKey:"37b7ccb661",applicationID:"1089704227"};/*! For license information please see nr-loader-rum-1220.min.js.LICENSE.txt */ !function(t,e){"object"==typeof exports&&"object"==typeof module?module.exports=e():"function"==typeof define&&define.amd?define([],e):"object"==typeof exports?exports.NRBA=e():t.NRBA=e()}(self,(function(){return function(){var t,e,n={9034:function(t,e,n){"use strict";var r=n(4168);e.Z=(0,r.ky)(16)},5973:function(t,e,n){"use strict";n.d(e,{I:function(){return r}});var r=0,o=navigator.userAgent.match(/Firefox[\/\s](\d+\.\d+)/);o&&(r=+o[1])},4280:function(t,e,n){"use strict";n.d(e,{H:function(){return o}});var r=document.createElement("div");r.innerHTML="\x3c!--[if lte IE 6]><div></div><![endif]--\x3e\x3c!--[if lte IE 7]><div></div><![endif]--\x3e\x3c!--[if lte IE 8]><div></div><![endif]--\x3e\x3c!--[if lte IE 9]><div></div><![endif]--\x3e";var o,i=r.getElementsByTagName("div").length;o=4===i?6:3===i?7:2===i?8:1===i?9:0},5955:function(t,e,n){"use strict";n.d(e,{I:function(){return r}});var r=function(t,e){var n=this;return t&&"object"==typeof t?e&&"object"==typeof e?(Object.assign(this,e),void Object.entries(t).forEach((function(t){var e=t[0],r=t[1];n[e]=r}))):console.error("setting a Configurable requires a model to set its initial properties"):console.error("setting a Configurable requires an object as input")}},441:function(t,e,n){"use strict";n.d(e,{C:function(){return c},L:function(){return u}});var r=n(1424),o=n(5955),i={beacon:r.ce.beacon,errorBeacon:r.ce.errorBeacon,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,sa:void 0,queueTime:void 0,applicationTime:void 0,ttGuid:void 0,user:void 0,account:void 0,product:void 0,extra:void 0,jsAttributes:{},userAttributes:void 0,atts:void 0,transactionName:void 0,tNamePlain:void 0},a={};function c(t){if(!t)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");if(!a[t])throw new Error("Info for "+t+" was never set");return a[t]}function u(t,e){if(!t)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");a[t]=new o.I(e,i),(0,r.Qy)(t,a[t],"info")}},1476:function(t,e,n){"use strict";n.d(e,{Dg:function(){return c},Mt:function(){return u}});var r=n(1424),o=n(5955),i={privacy:{cookies_enabled:!0},ajax:{deny_list:void 0,enabled:!0},distributed_tracing:{enabled:void 0,exclude_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_tracecontext_headers:void 0,allowed_origins:void 0},ssl:void 0,obfuscate:void 0,jserrors:{enabled:!0},metrics:{enabled:!0},page_action:{enabled:!0},page_view_event:{enabled:!0},page_view_timing:{enabled:!0},session_trace:{enabled:!0},spa:{enabled:!0}},a={};function c(t,e){if(!t)throw new Error("All configuration objects require an agent identifier!");a[t]=new o.I(e,i),(0,r.Qy)(t,a[t],"config")}function u(t,e){if(!t)throw new Error("All configuration objects require an agent identifier!");var n=function(t){if(!t)throw new Error("All configuration objects require an agent identifier!");if(!a[t])throw new Error("Configuration for "+t+" was never set");return a[t]}(t);if(n){for(var r=e.split("."),o=0;o<r.length-1;o++)if("object"!=typeof(n=n[r[o]]))return;n=n[r[r.length-1]]}return n}},2085:function(t,e,n){"use strict";n.d(e,{Y:function(){return r}});var r=(0,n(1424).mF)().o},1220:function(t,e,n){"use strict";n.d(e,{O:function(){return w},s:function(){return x}});var r={};n.r(r),n.d(r,{agent:function(){return a},match:function(){return f},version:function(){return c}});var o=n(4280),i=n(6959),a=null,c=null;if(navigator.userAgent){var u=navigator.userAgent,s=u.match(/Version\/(\S+)\s+Safari/);s&&-1===u.indexOf("Chrome")&&-1===u.indexOf("Chromium")&&(a="Safari",c=s[1])}function f(t,e){if(!a)return!1;if(t!==a)return!1;if(!e)return!0;if(!c)return!1;for(var n=c.split("."),r=e.split("."),o=0;o<r.length;o++)if(r[o]!==n[o])return!1;return!0}var d=n(5955),l=n(1424),v=n(4168),p=window.sessionStorage,h="NRBA_SESSION_ID";var g=n(1476),y=window.XMLHttpRequest,m=y&&y.prototype,b={};function w(t){if(!t)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");if(!b[t])throw new Error("Runtime for "+t+" was never set");return b[t]}function x(t,e){if(!t)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");var n,a;b[t]=new d.I(e,(n=t,{customTransaction:void 0,disabled:!1,features:{},maxBytes:6===o.H?2e3:3e4,offset:(0,i.yf)(),onerror:void 0,origin:""+window.location,ptid:void 0,releaseIds:{},sessionId:!0===(0,g.Mt)(n,"privacy.cookies_enabled")?(null===(a=p.getItem(h))&&(a=(0,v.ky)(16),p.setItem(h,a)),a):"0",xhrWrappable:y&&m&&m.addEventListener&&!/CriOS/.test(navigator.userAgent),userAgent:r})),(0,l.Qy)(t,b[t],"runtime")}},158:function(t,e,n){"use strict";n.d(e,{q:function(){return r}});var r=["1220","PROD"].filter((function(t){return t})).join(".")},3707:function(t,e,n){"use strict";n.d(e,{w:function(){return o}});var r={agentIdentifier:""},o=function(t){var e=this;if("object"!=typeof t)return console.error("shared context requires an object as input");this.sharedContext={},Object.assign(this.sharedContext,r),Object.entries(t).forEach((function(t){var n=t[0],o=t[1];Object.keys(r).includes(n)&&(e.sharedContext[n]=o)}))}},1776:function(t,e,n){"use strict";n.d(e,{ee:function(){return r}});var r,o=n(1424),i=n(4217),a=n(357),c="nr@context",u=(0,o.fP)();function s(){}function f(){return new s}function d(){(r.backlog.api||r.backlog.feature)&&(r.aborted=!0,r.backlog={})}u.ee?r=u.ee:(r=function t(e,n){var o={},u={},l={},v={on:g,addEventListener:g,removeEventListener:y,emit:h,get:b,listeners:m,context:p,buffer:w,abort:d,aborted:!1,isBuffering:x,debugId:n,backlog:e&&e.backlog?e.backlog:{}};return v;function p(t){return t&&t instanceof s?t:t?(0,i.X)(t,c,f):f()}function h(t,n,o,i,a){if(!1!==a&&(a=!0),!r.aborted||i){e&&a&&e.emit(t,n,o);for(var c=p(o),s=m(t),f=s.length,d=0;d<f;d++)s[d].apply(c,n);var l=O()[u[t]];return l&&l.push([v,t,n,c]),c}}function g(t,e){o[t]=m(t).concat(e)}function y(t,e){var n=o[t];if(n)for(var r=0;r<n.length;r++)n[r]===e&&n.splice(r,1)}function m(t){return o[t]||[]}function b(e){return l[e]=l[e]||t(v,e)}function w(t,e){var n=O();v.aborted||(0,a.D)(t,(function(t,r){e=e||"feature",u[r]=e,e in n||(n[e]=[])}))}function x(t){return!!O()[u[t]]}function O(){return v.backlog}}(void 0,"globalEE"),u.ee=r)},7361:function(t,e,n){"use strict";n.d(e,{E:function(){return r},p:function(){return o}});var r=n(1776).ee.get("handle");function o(t,e,n,o,i){i?(i.buffer([t],o),i.emit(t,e,n)):(r.buffer([t],o),r.emit(t,e,n))}},3350:function(t,e,n){"use strict";n.d(e,{X:function(){return i}});var r=n(7361);i.on=a;var o=i.handlers={};function i(t,e,n,i){a(i||r.E,o,t,e,n)}function a(t,e,n,o,i){i||(i="feature"),t||(t=r.E);var a=e[i]=e[i]||{};(a[n]=a[n]||[]).push([t,o])}},4408:function(t,e,n){"use strict";n.d(e,{m:function(){return i}});var r=!1;try{var o=Object.defineProperty({},"passive",{get:function(){r=!0}});window.addEventListener("testPassive",null,o),window.removeEventListener("testPassive",null,o)}catch(t){}function i(t){return r?{passive:!0,capture:!!t}:!!t}},4168:function(t,e,n){"use strict";function r(){var t=null,e=0,n=window.crypto||window.msCrypto;function r(){return t?15&t[e++]:16*Math.random()|0}n&&n.getRandomValues&&(t=n.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(31)));for(var o,i="xxxxxxxx-xxxx-4xxx-yxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx",a="",c=0;c<i.length;c++)a+="x"===(o=i[c])?r().toString(16):"y"===o?(o=3&r()|8).toString(16):o;return a}function o(t){var e=null,n=0,r=window.crypto||window.msCrypto;r&&r.getRandomValues&&Uint8Array&&(e=r.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(31)));for(var o=[],i=0;i<t;i++)o.push(a().toString(16));return o.join("");function a(){return e?15&e[n++]:16*Math.random()|0}}n.d(e,{Rl:function(){return r},ky:function(){return o}})},6959:function(t,e,n){"use strict";n.d(e,{nb:function(){return u},os:function(){return s},yf:function(){return c},zO:function(){return a}});var r=n(2364),o=(new Date).getTime(),i=o;function a(){return r.G&&performance.now?Math.round(performance.now()):(o=Math.max((new Date).getTime(),o))-i}function c(){return o}function u(t){i=t}function s(){return i}},2364:function(t,e,n){"use strict";n.d(e,{G:function(){return r}});var r=void 0!==window.performance&&window.performance.timing&&void 0!==window.performance.timing.navigationStart},1793:function(t,e,n){"use strict";function r(t){var e,n=0;for(e=0;e<t.length;e++)n+=(e+1)*t.charCodeAt(e);return Math.abs(n)}n.d(e,{v:function(){return s},s:function(){return u}});var o=n(6972),i=n(5973),a=n(6959),c=n(2364),u=!0;function s(t){var e=function(){if(i.I&&i.I<9)return;if(c.G)return u=!1,window.performance.timing.navigationStart}()||function(){for(var t=document.cookie.split(" "),e=0;e<t.length;e++)if(0===t[e].indexOf("NREUM=")){for(var n,o,i,a,c=t[e].substring("NREUM=".length).split("&"),u=0;u<c.length;u++)0===c[u].indexOf("s=")?i=c[u].substring(2):0===c[u].indexOf("p=")?";"===(o=c[u].substring(2)).charAt(o.length-1)&&(o=o.substr(0,o.length-1)):0===c[u].indexOf("r=")&&";"===(n=c[u].substring(2)).charAt(n.length-1)&&(n=n.substr(0,n.length-1));if(n){var s=r(document.referrer);(a=s==n)||(a=r(document.location.href)==n&&s==o)}if(a&&i){if((new Date).getTime()-i>6e4)return;return i}}}();e&&((0,o.B)(t,"starttime",e),(0,a.nb)(e))}},6972:function(t,e,n){"use strict";n.d(e,{B:function(){return i},L:function(){return a}});var r=n(6959),o={};function i(t,e,n){void 0===n&&(n=(0,r.zO)()+(0,r.os)()),o[t]=o[t]||{},o[t][e]=n}function a(t,e,n,r){var i,a,c=t.sharedContext.agentIdentifier,u=null==(i=o[c])?void 0:i[n],s=null==(a=o[c])?void 0:a[r];void 0!==u&&void 0!==s&&t.store("measures",e,{value:s-u})}},7299:function(t,e,n){"use strict";n.d(e,{T:function(){return a}});var r=window,o=r;function i(){return o}var a={isFileProtocol:function(){var t=i(),e=!(!t.location||!t.location.protocol||"file:"!==t.location.protocol);e&&(a.supportabilityMetricSent=!0);return e},supportabilityMetricSent:!1}},847:function(t,e,n){"use strict";n.d(e,{K:function(){return a}});var r=n(1220),o=n(1476),i=["ajax","jserrors","metrics","page_action","page_view_event","page_view_timing","session_trace","spa"];function a(t){var e={};return i.forEach((function(n){e[n]=function(t,e){return!0!==(0,r.O)(e).disabled&&!1!==(0,o.Mt)(e,t+".enabled")}(n,t)})),e}},5023:function(t,e,n){"use strict";n.d(e,{W:function(){return o}});var r=n(1776),o=function(t,e,n){void 0===n&&(n=[]),this.agentIdentifier=t,this.aggregator=e,this.ee=r.ee.get(t),this.externalFeatures=n}},4217:function(t,e,n){"use strict";n.d(e,{X:function(){return o}});var r=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;function o(t,e,n){if(r.call(t,e))return t[e];var o=n();if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.defineProperty(t,e,{value:o,writable:!0,enumerable:!1}),o}catch(t){}return t[e]=o,o}},357:function(t,e,n){"use strict";n.d(e,{D:function(){return o}});var r=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;function o(t,e){var n=[],o="",i=0;for(o in t)r.call(t,o)&&(n[i]=e(o,t[o]),i+=1);return n}},603:function(t,e,n){"use strict";n.d(e,{$c:function(){return s},Ng:function(){return f},RR:function(){return u}});var r=n(1476),o=n(3707),i=n(7299);function a(t,e){return a=Object.setPrototypeOf?Object.setPrototypeOf.bind():function(t,e){return t.__proto__=e,t},a(t,e)}var c={regex:/^file:\/\/(.*)/,replacement:"file://OBFUSCATED"},u=function(t){var e,n;function r(e){return t.call(this,e)||this}n=t,(e=r).prototype=Object.create(n.prototype),e.prototype.constructor=e,a(e,n);var o=r.prototype;return o.shouldObfuscate=function(){return s(this.sharedContext.agentIdentifier).length>0},o.obfuscateString=function(t){if(!t||"string"!=typeof t)return t;for(var e=s(this.sharedContext.agentIdentifier),n=t,r=0;r<e.length;r++){var o=e[r].regex,i=e[r].replacement||"*";n=n.replace(o,i)}return n},r}(o.w);function s(t){var e=[],n=(0,r.Mt)(t,"obfuscate")||[];return e=e.concat(n),i.T.isFileProtocol()&&e.push(c),e}function f(t){for(var e=!1,n=!1,r=0;r<t.length;r++){"regex"in t[r]?"string"!=typeof t[r].regex&&t[r].regex.constructor!==RegExp&&(console&&console.warn&&console.warn('An obfuscation replacement rule contains a "regex" value with an invalid type (must be a string or RegExp)'),n=!0):(console&&console.warn&&console.warn('An obfuscation replacement rule was detected missing a "regex" value.'),n=!0);var o=t[r].replacement;o&&"string"!=typeof o&&(console&&console.warn&&console.warn('An obfuscation replacement rule contains a "replacement" value with an invalid type (must be a string)'),e=!0)}return!e&&!n}},1424:function(t,e,n){"use strict";n.d(e,{EZ:function(){return u},Qy:function(){return c},ce:function(){return o},fP:function(){return i},gG:function(){return s},mF:function(){return a}});var r=n(6959),o={beacon:"bam.nr-data.net",errorBeacon:"bam.nr-data.net"};function i(){return window.NREUM||(window.NREUM={}),void 0===window.newrelic&&(window.newrelic=window.NREUM),window.NREUM}function a(){var t=i();if(!t.o){var e=window,n=e.XMLHttpRequest;t.o={ST:setTimeout,SI:e.setImmediate,CT:clearTimeout,XHR:n,REQ:e.Request,EV:e.Event,PR:e.Promise,MO:e.MutationObserver,FETCH:e.fetch}}return t}function c(t,e,n){var o,a,c=i(),u=c.initializedAgents||{},s=u[t]||{};return Object.keys(s).length||(s.initializedAt={ms:(0,r.zO)(),date:new Date}),c.initializedAgents=Object.assign({},u,((a={})[t]=Object.assign({},s,((o={})[n]=e,o)),a)),c}function u(t,e){i()[t]=e}function s(){var t,e;return t=i(),e=t.info||{},t.info=Object.assign({beacon:o.beacon,errorBeacon:o.errorBeacon},e),function(){var t=i(),e=t.init||{};t.init=Object.assign({},e)}(),a(),function(){var t=i(),e=t.loader_config||{};t.loader_config=Object.assign({},e)}(),i()}},8539:function(t){t.exports=function(t,e,n){e||(e=0),void 0===n&&(n=t?t.length:0);for(var r=-1,o=n-e||0,i=Array(o<0?0:o);++r<o;)i[r]=t[e+r];return i}}},r={};function o(t){var e=r[t];if(void 0!==e)return e.exports;var i=r[t]={exports:{}};return n[t](i,i.exports,o),i.exports}o.m=n,o.n=function(t){var e=t&&t.__esModule?function(){return t.default}:function(){return t};return o.d(e,{a:e}),e},o.d=function(t,e){for(var n in e)o.o(e,n)&&!o.o(t,n)&&Object.defineProperty(t,n,{enumerable:!0,get:e[n]})},o.f={},o.e=function(t){return Promise.all(Object.keys(o.f).reduce((function(e,n){return o.f[n](t,e),e}),[]))},o.u=function(t){return t+"."+o.h().slice(0,8)+"-1220.js"},o.h=function(){return"2d6a2503b7f18a5b77dd"},o.o=function(t,e){return Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(t,e)},t={},e="NRBA:",o.l=function(n,r,i,a){if(t[n])t[n].push(r);else{var c,u;if(void 0!==i)for(var s=document.getElementsByTagName("script"),f=0;f<s.length;f++){var d=s[f];if(d.getAttribute("src")==n||d.getAttribute("data-webpack")==e+i){c=d;break}}c||(u=!0,(c=document.createElement("script")).charset="utf-8",c.timeout=120,o.nc&&c.setAttribute("nonce",o.nc),c.setAttribute("data-webpack",e+i),c.src=n),t[n]=[r];var l=function(e,r){c.onerror=c.onload=null,clearTimeout(v);var o=t[n];if(delete t[n],c.parentNode&&c.parentNode.removeChild(c),o&&o.forEach((function(t){return t(r)})),e)return e(r)},v=setTimeout(l.bind(null,void 0,{type:"timeout",target:c}),12e4);c.onerror=l.bind(null,c.onerror),c.onload=l.bind(null,c.onload),u&&document.head.appendChild(c)}},o.r=function(t){"undefined"!=typeof Symbol&&Symbol.toStringTag&&Object.defineProperty(t,Symbol.toStringTag,{value:"Module"}),Object.defineProperty(t,"__esModule",{value:!0})},o.p="https://web.archive.org/web/20221208125942/https://js-agent.newrelic.com/",function(){var t={299:0,82:0};o.f.j=function(e,n){var r=o.o(t,e)?t[e]:void 0;if(0!==r)if(r)n.push(r[2]);else{var i=new Promise((function(n,o){r=t[e]=[n,o]}));n.push(r[2]=i);var a=o.p+o.u(e),c=new Error;o.l(a,(function(n){if(o.o(t,e)&&(0!==(r=t[e])&&(t[e]=void 0),r)){var i=n&&("load"===n.type?"missing":n.type),a=n&&n.target&&n.target.src;c.message="Loading chunk "+e+" failed.\n("+i+": "+a+")",c.name="ChunkLoadError",c.type=i,c.request=a,r[1](c)}}),"chunk-"+e,e)}};var e=function(e,n){var r,i,a=n[0],c=n[1],u=n[2],s=0;if(a.some((function(e){return 0!==t[e]}))){for(r in c)o.o(c,r)&&(o.m[r]=c[r]);if(u)u(o)}for(e&&e(n);s<a.length;s++)i=a[s],o.o(t,i)&&t[i]&&t[i][0](),t[i]=0},n=self.webpackChunkNRBA=self.webpackChunkNRBA||[];n.forEach(e.bind(null,0)),n.push=e.bind(null,n.push.bind(n))}();var i={};return function(){"use strict";o.r(i);var t=o(9034),e=o(4408),n=window,r=n.document;function a(t){"complete"===r.readyState&&t()}function c(t){a(t),r.addEventListener?n.addEventListener("load",t,(0,e.m)(!1)):n.attachEvent("onload",t)}function u(t){a(t),r.addEventListener?r.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",t,(0,e.m)(!1)):r.attachEvent("onreadystatechange",a)}var s=o(1776);function f(){f=function(){return t};var t={},e=Object.prototype,n=e.hasOwnProperty,r="function"==typeof Symbol?Symbol:{},o=r.iterator||"@@iterator",i=r.asyncIterator||"@@asyncIterator",a=r.toStringTag||"@@toStringTag";function c(t,e,n){return Object.defineProperty(t,e,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}),t[e]}try{c({},"")}catch(t){c=function(t,e,n){return t[e]=n}}function u(t,e,n,r){var o=e&&e.prototype instanceof l?e:l,i=Object.create(o.prototype),a=new j(r||[]);return i._invoke=function(t,e,n){var r="suspendedStart";return function(o,i){if("executing"===r)throw new Error("Generator is already running");if("completed"===r){if("throw"===o)throw i;return P()}for(n.method=o,n.arg=i;;){var a=n.delegate;if(a){var c=x(a,n);if(c){if(c===d)continue;return c}}if("next"===n.method)n.sent=n._sent=n.arg;else if("throw"===n.method){if("suspendedStart"===r)throw r="completed",n.arg;n.dispatchException(n.arg)}else"return"===n.method&&n.abrupt("return",n.arg);r="executing";var u=s(t,e,n);if("normal"===u.type){if(r=n.done?"completed":"suspendedYield",u.arg===d)continue;return{value:u.arg,done:n.done}}"throw"===u.type&&(r="completed",n.method="throw",n.arg=u.arg)}}}(t,n,a),i}function s(t,e,n){try{return{type:"normal",arg:t.call(e,n)}}catch(t){return{type:"throw",arg:t}}}t.wrap=u;var d={};function l(){}function v(){}function p(){}var h={};c(h,o,(function(){return this}));var g=Object.getPrototypeOf,y=g&&g(g(_([])));y&&y!==e&&n.call(y,o)&&(h=y);var m=p.prototype=l.prototype=Object.create(h);function b(t){["next","throw","return"].forEach((function(e){c(t,e,(function(t){return this._invoke(e,t)}))}))}function w(t,e){function r(o,i,a,c){var u=s(t[o],t,i);if("throw"!==u.type){var f=u.arg,d=f.value;return d&&"object"==typeof d&&n.call(d,"__await")?e.resolve(d.__await).then((function(t){r("next",t,a,c)}),(function(t){r("throw",t,a,c)})):e.resolve(d).then((function(t){f.value=t,a(f)}),(function(t){return r("throw",t,a,c)}))}c(u.arg)}var o;this._invoke=function(t,n){function i(){return new e((function(e,o){r(t,n,e,o)}))}return o=o?o.then(i,i):i()}}function x(t,e){var n=t.iterator[e.method];if(void 0===n){if(e.delegate=null,"throw"===e.method){if(t.iterator.return&&(e.method="return",e.arg=void 0,x(t,e),"throw"===e.method))return d;e.method="throw",e.arg=new TypeError("The iterator does not provide a 'throw' method")}return d}var r=s(n,t.iterator,e.arg);if("throw"===r.type)return e.method="throw",e.arg=r.arg,e.delegate=null,d;var o=r.arg;return o?o.done?(e[t.resultName]=o.value,e.next=t.nextLoc,"return"!==e.method&&(e.method="next",e.arg=void 0),e.delegate=null,d):o:(e.method="throw",e.arg=new TypeError("iterator result is not an object"),e.delegate=null,d)}function O(t){var e={tryLoc:t[0]};1 in t&&(e.catchLoc=t[1]),2 in t&&(e.finallyLoc=t[2],e.afterLoc=t[3]),this.tryEntries.push(e)}function E(t){var e=t.completion||{};e.type="normal",delete e.arg,t.completion=e}function j(t){this.tryEntries=[{tryLoc:"root"}],t.forEach(O,this),this.reset(!0)}function _(t){if(t){var e=t[o];if(e)return e.call(t);if("function"==typeof t.next)return t;if(!isNaN(t.length)){var r=-1,i=function e(){for(;++r<t.length;)if(n.call(t,r))return e.value=t[r],e.done=!1,e;return e.value=void 0,e.done=!0,e};return i.next=i}}return{next:P}}function P(){return{value:void 0,done:!0}}return v.prototype=p,c(m,"constructor",p),c(p,"constructor",v),v.displayName=c(p,a,"GeneratorFunction"),t.isGeneratorFunction=function(t){var e="function"==typeof t&&t.constructor;return!!e&&(e===v||"GeneratorFunction"===(e.displayName||e.name))},t.mark=function(t){return Object.setPrototypeOf?Object.setPrototypeOf(t,p):(t.__proto__=p,c(t,a,"GeneratorFunction")),t.prototype=Object.create(m),t},t.awrap=function(t){return{__await:t}},b(w.prototype),c(w.prototype,i,(function(){return this})),t.AsyncIterator=w,t.async=function(e,n,r,o,i){void 0===i&&(i=Promise);var a=new w(u(e,n,r,o),i);return t.isGeneratorFunction(n)?a:a.next().then((function(t){return t.done?t.value:a.next()}))},b(m),c(m,a,"Generator"),c(m,o,(function(){return this})),c(m,"toString",(function(){return"[object Generator]"})),t.keys=function(t){var e=[];for(var n in t)e.push(n);return e.reverse(),function n(){for(;e.length;){var r=e.pop();if(r in t)return n.value=r,n.done=!1,n}return n.done=!0,n}},t.values=_,j.prototype={constructor:j,reset:function(t){if(this.prev=0,this.next=0,this.sent=this._sent=void 0,this.done=!1,this.delegate=null,this.method="next",this.arg=void 0,this.tryEntries.forEach(E),!t)for(var e in this)"t"===e.charAt(0)&&n.call(this,e)&&!isNaN(+e.slice(1))&&(this[e]=void 0)},stop:function(){this.done=!0;var t=this.tryEntries[0].completion;if("throw"===t.type)throw t.arg;return this.rval},dispatchException:function(t){if(this.done)throw t;var e=this;function r(n,r){return a.type="throw",a.arg=t,e.next=n,r&&(e.method="next",e.arg=void 0),!!r}for(var o=this.tryEntries.length-1;o>=0;--o){var i=this.tryEntries[o],a=i.completion;if("root"===i.tryLoc)return r("end");if(i.tryLoc<=this.prev){var c=n.call(i,"catchLoc"),u=n.call(i,"finallyLoc");if(c&&u){if(this.prev<i.catchLoc)return r(i.catchLoc,!0);if(this.prev<i.finallyLoc)return r(i.finallyLoc)}else if(c){if(this.prev<i.catchLoc)return r(i.catchLoc,!0)}else{if(!u)throw new Error("try statement without catch or finally");if(this.prev<i.finallyLoc)return r(i.finallyLoc)}}}},abrupt:function(t,e){for(var r=this.tryEntries.length-1;r>=0;--r){var o=this.tryEntries[r];if(o.tryLoc<=this.prev&&n.call(o,"finallyLoc")&&this.prev<o.finallyLoc){var i=o;break}}i&&("break"===t||"continue"===t)&&i.tryLoc<=e&&e<=i.finallyLoc&&(i=null);var a=i?i.completion:{};return a.type=t,a.arg=e,i?(this.method="next",this.next=i.finallyLoc,d):this.complete(a)},complete:function(t,e){if("throw"===t.type)throw t.arg;return"break"===t.type||"continue"===t.type?this.next=t.arg:"return"===t.type?(this.rval=this.arg=t.arg,this.method="return",this.next="end"):"normal"===t.type&&e&&(this.next=e),d},finish:function(t){for(var e=this.tryEntries.length-1;e>=0;--e){var n=this.tryEntries[e];if(n.finallyLoc===t)return this.complete(n.completion,n.afterLoc),E(n),d}},catch:function(t){for(var e=this.tryEntries.length-1;e>=0;--e){var n=this.tryEntries[e];if(n.tryLoc===t){var r=n.completion;if("throw"===r.type){var o=r.arg;E(n)}return o}}throw new Error("illegal catch attempt")},delegateYield:function(t,e,n){return this.delegate={iterator:_(t),resultName:e,nextLoc:n},"next"===this.method&&(this.arg=void 0),d}},t}function d(t,e,n,r,o,i,a){try{var c=t[i](a),u=c.value}catch(t){return void n(t)}c.done?e(u):Promise.resolve(u).then(r,o)}var l=0;function v(t){var e;(e=f().mark((function e(){var n,r;return f().wrap((function(e){for(;;)switch(e.prev=e.next){case 0:if(!l++){e.next=2;break}return e.abrupt("return");case 2:return e.prev=2,e.next=5,o.e(552).then(o.bind(o,5552));case 5:return n=e.sent,r=n.aggregator,e.next=9,r(t);case 9:e.next=15;break;case 11:e.prev=11,e.t0=e.catch(2),console.error("Failed to successfully load all aggregators. Aborting...\n",e.t0),s.ee.abort();case 15:case"end":return e.stop()}}),e,null,[[2,11]])})),function(){var t=this,n=arguments;return new Promise((function(r,o){var i=e.apply(t,n);function a(t){d(i,r,o,a,c,"next",t)}function c(t){d(i,r,o,a,c,"throw",t)}a(void 0)}))})()}var p=o(8539),h=o.n(p),g=o(1424),y=o(1220),m=o(441),b=o(7361),w=o(357),x=o(6959);var O=o(1476),E=o(5955),j={accountID:void 0,trustKey:void 0,agentID:void 0,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,xpid:void 0},_={};var P=!1;var A=o(6972),k=o(1793),L=o(5023);function S(t,e){return S=Object.setPrototypeOf?Object.setPrototypeOf.bind():function(t,e){return t.__proto__=e,t},S(t,e)}var T,C,I,R=function(t){var e,n;function r(e){var n;return n=t.call(this,e)||this,(0,k.v)(e),(0,A.B)(e,"firstbyte",(0,x.yf)()),c((function(){return n.measureWindowLoaded()})),u((function(){return n.measureDomContentLoaded()})),n}n=t,(e=r).prototype=Object.create(n.prototype),e.prototype.constructor=e,S(e,n);var o=r.prototype;return o.measureWindowLoaded=function(){var t=(0,x.zO)();(0,A.B)(this.agentIdentifier,"onload",t+(0,x.os)()),(0,b.p)("timing",["load",t],void 0,void 0,this.ee)},o.measureDomContentLoaded=function(){(0,A.B)(this.agentIdentifier,"domContent",(0,x.zO)()+(0,x.os)())},r}(L.W);void 0!==document.hidden?(T="hidden",C="visibilitychange",I="visibilityState"):void 0!==document.msHidden?(T="msHidden",C="msvisibilitychange"):void 0!==document.webkitHidden&&(T="webkitHidden",C="webkitvisibilitychange",I="webkitVisibilityState");var M=o(2085);function N(t,e){return N=Object.setPrototypeOf?Object.setPrototypeOf.bind():function(t,e){return t.__proto__=e,t},N(t,e)}var D=function(t){var n,r;function o(n){var r,o;if((r=t.call(this,n)||this).pageHiddenTime="hidden"===document.visibilityState?-1:1/0,r.performanceObserver,r.lcpPerformanceObserver,r.clsPerformanceObserver,r.fiRecorded=!1,!r.isEnabled())return function(t){if(void 0===t)throw new ReferenceError("this hasn't been initialised - super() hasn't been called");return t}(r);if("PerformanceObserver"in window&&"function"==typeof window.PerformanceObserver){r.performanceObserver=new PerformanceObserver((function(){var t;return(t=r).perfObserver.apply(t,arguments)}));try{r.performanceObserver.observe({entryTypes:["paint"]})}catch(t){}r.lcpPerformanceObserver=new PerformanceObserver((function(){var t;return(t=r).lcpObserver.apply(t,arguments)}));try{r.lcpPerformanceObserver.observe({entryTypes:["largest-contentful-paint"]})}catch(t){}r.clsPerformanceObserver=new PerformanceObserver((function(){var t;return(t=r).clsObserver.apply(t,arguments)}));try{r.clsPerformanceObserver.observe({type:"layout-shift",buffered:!0})}catch(t){}}if("addEventListener"in document){r.fiRecorded=!1;["click","keydown","mousedown","pointerdown","touchstart"].forEach((function(t){document.addEventListener(t,(function(){var t;return(t=r).captureInteraction.apply(t,arguments)}),(0,e.m)(!1))}))}return o=function(){var t;return(t=r).captureVisibilityChange.apply(t,arguments)},"addEventListener"in document&&C&&document.addEventListener(C,(function(){I&&document[I]?o(document[I]):document[T]?o("hidden"):o("visible")}),(0,e.m)(!1)),r}r=t,(n=o).prototype=Object.create(r.prototype),n.prototype.constructor=n,N(n,r);var i=o.prototype;return i.isEnabled=function(){return!1!==(0,O.Mt)(this.agentIdentifier,"page_view_timing.enabled")},i.perfObserver=function(t,e){var n=this;t.getEntries().forEach((function(t){"first-paint"===t.name?(0,b.p)("timing",["fp",Math.floor(t.startTime)],void 0,void 0,n.ee):"first-contentful-paint"===t.name&&(0,b.p)("timing",["fcp",Math.floor(t.startTime)],void 0,void 0,n.ee)}))},i.lcpObserver=function(t,e){var n=t.getEntries();if(n.length>0){var r=n[n.length-1];if(this.pageHiddenTime<r.startTime)return;var o=[r],i=this.addConnectionAttributes({});i&&o.push(i),(0,b.p)("lcp",o,void 0,void 0,this.ee)}},i.clsObserver=function(t){var e=this;t.getEntries().forEach((function(t){t.hadRecentInput||(0,b.p)("cls",[t],void 0,void 0,e.ee)}))},i.addConnectionAttributes=function(t){var e=navigator.connection||navigator.mozConnection||navigator.webkitConnection;if(e)return e.type&&(t["net-type"]=e.type),e.effectiveType&&(t["net-etype"]=e.effectiveType),e.rtt&&(t["net-rtt"]=e.rtt),e.downlink&&(t["net-dlink"]=e.downlink),t},i.captureInteraction=function(t){if(t instanceof M.Y.EV&&!this.fiRecorded){var e=Math.round(t.timeStamp),n={type:t.type};this.addConnectionAttributes(n),e<=(0,x.zO)()?n.fid=(0,x.zO)()-e:e>(0,x.os)()&&e<=Date.now()?(e-=(0,x.os)(),n.fid=(0,x.zO)()-e):e=(0,x.zO)(),this.fiRecorded=!0,(0,b.p)("timing",["fi",e,n],void 0,void 0,this.ee)}},i.captureVisibilityChange=function(t){"hidden"===t&&(this.pageHiddenTime=(0,x.zO)(),(0,b.p)("pageHide",[this.pageHiddenTime],void 0,void 0,this.ee))},o}(L.W),q=o(3350),B="React",z="Angular",G="AngularJS",H="Backbone",F="Ember",V="Vue",Z="Meteor",U="Zepto",X="Jquery";function Q(){var t=[];try{(function(){try{if(window.React||window.ReactDOM||window.ReactRedux)return!0;if(document.querySelector("[data-reactroot], [data-reactid]"))return!0;for(var t=document.querySelectorAll("body > div"),e=0;e<t.length;e++)if(Object.keys(t[e]).indexOf("_reactRootContainer")>=0)return!0;return!1}catch(t){return!1}})()&&t.push(B),function(){try{return!!window.angular||(!!document.querySelector(".ng-binding, [ng-app], [data-ng-app], [ng-controller], [data-ng-controller], [ng-repeat], [data-ng-repeat]")||!!document.querySelector('script[src*="angular.js"], script[src*="angular.min.js"]'))}catch(t){return!1}}()&&t.push(G),function(){try{return!!(window.hasOwnProperty("ng")&&window.ng.hasOwnProperty("coreTokens")&&window.ng.coreTokens.hasOwnProperty("NgZone"))||!!document.querySelectorAll("[ng-version]").length}catch(t){return!1}}()&&t.push(z),window.Backbone&&t.push(H),window.Ember&&t.push(F),window.Vue&&t.push(V),window.Meteor&&t.push(Z),window.Zepto&&t.push(U),window.jQuery&&t.push(X)}catch(t){}return t}var W=o(7299),K=o(603),Y=o(158);function J(t,e){return J=Object.setPrototypeOf?Object.setPrototypeOf.bind():function(t,e){return t.__proto__=e,t},J(t,e)}var $=function(t){var e,n;function r(e){var n;return(n=t.call(this,e)||this).singleChecks(),(0,q.X)("record-supportability",(function(){var t;return(t=n).recordSupportability.apply(t,arguments)}),void 0,n.ee),(0,q.X)("record-custom",(function(){var t;return(t=n).recordCustom.apply(t,arguments)}),void 0,n.ee),n}n=t,(e=r).prototype=Object.create(n.prototype),e.prototype.constructor=e,J(e,n);var o=r.prototype;return o.recordSupportability=function(t,e){var n=["sm",t,{name:t},e];return(0,b.p)("storeMetric",n,null,void 0,this.ee),n},o.recordCustom=function(t,e){var n=["cm",t,{name:t},e];return(0,b.p)("storeEventMetrics",n,null,void 0,this.ee),n},o.singleChecks=function(){var t=this;this.recordSupportability("Generic/Version/"+Y.q+"/Detected"),u((function(){Q().forEach((function(e){t.recordSupportability("Framework/"+e+"/Detected")}))})),W.T.isFileProtocol()&&(this.recordSupportability("Generic/FileProtocol/Detected"),W.T.supportabilityMetricSent=!0);var e=(0,K.$c)(this.agentIdentifier);e.length>0&&this.recordSupportability("Generic/Obfuscate/Detected"),e.length>0&&!(0,K.Ng)(e)&&this.recordSupportability("Generic/Obfuscate/Invalid")},r}(L.W),tt=o(847);new Promise((function(e,n){if(P)e(P);else{var r=(0,g.gG)();try{(0,m.L)(t.Z,r.info),(0,O.Dg)(t.Z,r.init),function(t,e){if(!t)throw new Error("All loader-config objects require an agent identifier!");_[t]=new E.I(e,j),(0,g.Qy)(t,_[t],"loader_config")}(t.Z,r.loader_config),(0,y.s)(t.Z,{}),function(t){var e=(0,g.fP)(),n=s.ee.get(t),r=n.get("tracer"),o="api-",i="api-ixn-";function a(){}(0,w.D)(["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","inlineHit","addRelease"],(function(t,n){e[n]=u(o,n,!0,"api")})),e.addPageAction=u(o,"addPageAction",!0),e.setCurrentRouteName=u(o,"routeName",!0),e.setPageViewName=function(e,n){if("string"==typeof e)return"/"!==e.charAt(0)&&(e="/"+e),(0,y.O)(t).customTransaction=(n||"https://web.archive.org/web/20221208125942/http://custom.transaction")+e,u(o,"setPageViewName",!0,"api")()},e.setCustomAttribute=function(e,n){var r,i=(0,m.C)(t);return(0,m.L)(t,Object.assign({},i,{jsAttributes:Object.assign({},i.jsAttributes,(r={},r[e]=n,r))})),u(o,"setCustomAttribute",!0,"api")()},e.interaction=function(){return(new a).get()};var c=a.prototype={createTracer:function(t,e){var o={},i=this,a="function"==typeof e;return(0,b.p)("api-ixn-tracer",[(0,x.zO)(),t,o],i,void 0,n),function(){if(r.emit((a?"":"no-")+"fn-start",[(0,x.zO)(),i,a],o),a)try{return e.apply(this,arguments)}catch(t){throw r.emit("fn-err",[arguments,this,"string"==typeof t?new Error(t):t],o),t}finally{r.emit("fn-end",[(0,x.zO)()],o)}}}};function u(t,e,r,o){return function(){return(0,b.p)("record-supportability",["API/"+e+"/called"],void 0,void 0,n),(0,b.p)(t+e,[(0,x.zO)()].concat(h()(arguments)),r?null:this,o,n),r?void 0:this}}(0,w.D)("actionText,setName,setAttribute,save,ignore,onEnd,getContext,end,get".split(","),(function(t,e){c[e]=u(i,e)})),e.noticeError=function(t,e){"string"==typeof t&&(t=new Error(t)),(0,b.p)("record-supportability",["API/noticeError/called"],void 0,void 0,n),(0,b.p)("err",[t,(0,x.zO)(),!1,e],void 0,void 0,n)}}(t.Z),e(P=!0)}catch(t){n(t)}}})).then((function(){var e,n,r,o=(0,tt.K)(t.Z);o.page_view_event&&new R(t.Z),o.page_view_timing&&new D(t.Z),o.metrics&&new $(t.Z),e="lite",n?setTimeout((function(){return v(e)}),r||1e3):c((function(){return v(e)}))}))}(),i}()}));</script> <noscript><style>form.antibot * :not(.antibot-message) { display: none !important; }</style> </noscript><script async src="https://web.archive.org/web/20221208125942js_/https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=UA-66610693-3"></script> <script>window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments)};gtag("js", new Date());gtag("set", "developer_id.dMDhkMT", true);gtag("config", "UA-66610693-3", {"groups":"default","anonymize_ip":true,"page_placeholder":"PLACEHOLDER_page_path","link_attribution":true,"allow_ad_personalization_signals":false,"custom_map":{"dimension2":"node_title","dimension3":"node_id","dimension7":"content_type"}});gtag("config", "G-HEQ0YF2VYL", {"groups":"default","page_placeholder":"PLACEHOLDER_page_location","link_attribution":true,"allow_ad_personalization_signals":false});gtag("config", "UA-33523145-1", {"groups":"default","anonymize_ip":true,"page_placeholder":"PLACEHOLDER_page_path","link_attribution":true,"allow_ad_personalization_signals":false,"custom_map":{"dimension2":"node_title","dimension3":"node_id","dimension7":"content_type"}});gtag("event", "custom", {"node_title":"Thermal properties","node_id":"1079676","content_type":"Topic Landing Page"});</script> <link rel="canonical" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/thermal-properties"/> <link rel="shortlink" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/node/1079676"/> <meta name="dcterms.title" content="Thermal properties"/> <meta name="dcterms.date" content="2016-06-30T13:50-04:00"/> <meta name="dcterms.type" content="text"/> <meta name="dcterms.format" content="text/html"/> <meta name="dcterms.identifier" content="https://www.nist.gov/thermal-properties"/> <meta name="dcterms.source" content="NIST"/> <meta name="dcterms.created" content="2016-06-30T13:50-04:00"/> <meta name="dcterms.modified" content="2019-11-15T12:52-05:00"/> <meta name="citation_title" content="Thermal properties | NIST"/> <meta property="og:site_name" content="NIST"/> <meta property="og:type" content="Article"/> <meta property="og:url" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/thermal-properties"/> <meta property="og:title" content="Thermal properties"/> <meta property="article:published_time" content="2016-06-30T13:50-04:00"/> <meta property="article:modified_time" content="2019-11-15T12:52-05:00"/> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="QMu0ODkER3rN5hLcMLqNVf7e3bkjYsNLTuhqfH48jCA"/> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/> <meta name="twitter:site" content="NIST"/> <meta name="twitter:description" content=""/> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Thermal properties"/> <meta name="twitter:url" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20221208125942im_/https://www.nist.gov/thermal-properties"/> <meta name="Generator" content="Drupal 9 (https://www.drupal.org)"/> <meta name="MobileOptimized" content="width"/> <meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="true"/> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"/> <meta name="nist_search_modified" class="elastic" content="2019-11-15T12:52:00-05:00"/> <script type="application/ld+json">{ "@context": "https://web.archive.org/web/20221208125942/https://schema.org", "@graph": [ { "@type": "Article", "headline": "Thermal properties | NIST", "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "representativeOfPage": "True" }, "datePublished": "2016-06-30T13:50-04:00", "dateModified": "2019-11-15T12:52-05:00" } ] }</script> <meta name="nist_search_bundle" class="elastic" content="topic_landing_page"/> <link rel="icon" href="/web/20221208125942im_/https://www.nist.gov/themes/custom/nist_www/favicon.ico" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon"/> <title>Thermal properties | NIST</title> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/web/20221208125942cs_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/css/css_F2gAVVlSdR3arDUpXp31o79SNgjcEodwd2bnXsnktzU.css"/> <link rel="stylesheet" media="screen" href="/web/20221208125942cs_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/css/css_gD8QmGaNfUQuThtjB-S0EwEOZZNJP1QfUU1bDdLHbMU.css"/> <link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="/web/20221208125942cs_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/css/css_zbjDhj-AmeVwgu9y0DlPwEfp7l-a5BpoK3MpoGmRB6o.css"/> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/web/20221208125942cs_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/css/css_PV0KmreUx3hVeYI6yGypf71UDz9BSQl1Z5DjiESDh-Y.css"/> <link rel="stylesheet" media="screen" href="/web/20221208125942cs_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/css/css_2gbjHG7WJjr5-ut95lIgQNG0L89Hi8B8tBMrX4YMAaw.css"/> <script src="/web/20221208125942js_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/js/js_-dbYZ4JxrJ1JstYSHl6hMbgz-yFcPPqDY0VSXVJZCIo.js"></script> </head> <body class="node-1079676"> <a href="#main-content" class="visually-hidden focusable" data-elastic-exclude> Skip to main content </a> <div class="dialog-off-canvas-main-canvas" data-off-canvas-main-canvas>  <section data-elastic-exclude class="usa-banner" aria-label="Official government website"> <div class="usa-accordion"> <header class="usa-banner__header"> <div class="usa-banner__inner"> <div class="grid-col-auto"> <img class="usa-banner__header-flag" src="/web/20221208125942im_/https://www.nist.gov/libraries/nist-component-library/dist/img/us_flag_small.png" alt="U.S. flag"> </div> <div class="grid-col-fill tablet:grid-col-auto"> <p class="usa-banner__header-text">An official website of the United States government</p> <p class="usa-banner__header-action" aria-hidden="true">Here’s how you know</p> </div> <button class="usa-accordion__button usa-banner__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="gov-banner-default"> <span class="usa-banner__button-text">Here’s how you know</span> </button> </div> </header> <div class="usa-banner__content usa-accordion__content" id="gov-banner-default"> <div class="grid-row grid-gap-lg"> <div class="usa-banner__guidance tablet:grid-col-6"> <img class="usa-banner__icon usa-media-block__img" src="/web/20221208125942im_/https://www.nist.gov/libraries/nist-component-library/dist/img/icon-dot-gov.svg" role="img" alt="" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="usa-media-block__body"> <p> <strong>Official websites use .gov</strong> <br/> A <strong>.gov</strong> website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. </p> </div> </div> <div class="usa-banner__guidance tablet:grid-col-6"> <img class="usa-banner__icon usa-media-block__img" src="/web/20221208125942im_/https://www.nist.gov/libraries/nist-component-library/dist/img/icon-https.svg" role="img" alt="" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="usa-media-block__body"> <p> <strong>Secure .gov websites use HTTPS</strong> <br/> A <strong>lock</strong> ( <span class="icon-lock"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="52" height="64" viewbox="0 0 52 64" class="usa-banner__lock-image" role="img" aria-labelledby="banner-lock-title banner-lock-description" focusable="false"> <title id="banner-lock-title">Lock</title> <desc id="banner-lock-description">A locked padlock</desc><path fill="#000000" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M26 0c10.493 0 19 8.507 19 19v9h3a4 4 0 0 1 4 4v28a4 4 0 0 1-4 4H4a4 4 0 0 1-4-4V32a4 4 0 0 1 4-4h3v-9C7 8.507 15.507 0 26 0zm0 8c-5.979 0-10.843 4.77-10.996 10.712L15 19v9h22v-9c0-6.075-4.925-11-11-11z"/></svg> </span> ) or <strong>https://</strong> means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section>  <div data-elastic-exclude>  <div class="nist-print-header" style="display:none;"> <p class="nist-print-header__url">https://www.nist.gov/thermal-properties</p> <img class="nist-print-header__logo" width="289" height="38" src="/web/20221208125942im_/https://www.nist.gov/libraries/nist-component-library/dist/img/logo/nist_logo_sidestack.svg" alt="National Institute of Standards and Technology"/> </div> <div class="usa-overlay"></div> <header class="usa-header nist-header--www nist-header--minimal" role="banner"> <div class="usa-navbar"> <div class="usa-logo flex-fill"> <a href="/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/" title="National Institute of Standards and Technology" aria-label="Home"> <img src="/web/20221208125942im_/https://www.nist.gov/libraries/nist-component-library/dist/img/logo/logo.svg" alt="National Institute of Standards and Technology"/> </a> </div> <div class="usa-header__right grid-row flex-auto"> <div class="grid-col-fill nist-header__search-group"> <form class="usa-search usa-search--small" accept-charset="UTF-8" action="/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/search" id="search_form" method="get"> <div role="search"> <label class="usa-sr-only" for="search-form">Search NIST</label> <input class="usa-input" id="search-form" type="search" name="s" placeholder="Search NIST" required="" maxlength="128"> <button class="usa-button" type="submit"><img src="/web/20221208125942im_/https://www.nist.gov/libraries/nist-component-library/dist/img/usa-icons-bg/search--white.svg" class="usa-search__submit-icon" alt="Search"></button> </div> </form> </div> <div class="grid-col-auto padding-left-1"> <button class="usa-menu-btn">Menu</button> </div> </div> </div> <nav aria-label="Primary navigation" class="usa-nav"> <div class="usa-nav__inner"> <button class="usa-nav__close">Close</button> <ul class="usa-nav__primary usa-accordion"> <li class="usa-nav__primary-item"> <button class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="primary_menu-1"><span>Topics</span></button> <div id="primary_menu-1" class="usa-nav__submenu usa-megamenu"> <div class="grid-row"> <div class="tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/topics" class="usa-nav__link">All Topics</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/advanced-communications" class="usa-nav__link">Advanced communications</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/artificial-intelligence" class="usa-nav__link">Artificial intelligence</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/bioscience" class="usa-nav__link">Bioscience</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/buildings-construction" class="usa-nav__link">Buildings and construction</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/chemistry" class="usa-nav__link">Chemistry</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/climate" class="usa-nav__link">Climate</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/cybersecurity" class="usa-nav__link">Cybersecurity</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/electronics" class="usa-nav__link">Electronics</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/energy" class="usa-nav__link">Energy</a> </li> </ul></div><div class="column-break tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/environment" class="usa-nav__link">Environment</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/fire" class="usa-nav__link">Fire</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/forensic-science" class="usa-nav__link">Forensic science</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/health" class="usa-nav__link">Health</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/information-technology" class="usa-nav__link">Information technology</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/infrastructure" class="usa-nav__link">Infrastructure</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/manufacturing" class="usa-nav__link">Manufacturing</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/materials" class="usa-nav__link">Materials</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/mathematics-statistics" class="usa-nav__link">Mathematics and statistics</a> </li> </ul></div><div class="column-break tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/metrology" class="usa-nav__link">Metrology</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/nanotechnology" class="usa-nav__link">Nanotechnology</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/neutron-research" class="usa-nav__link">Neutron research</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/performance-excellence" class="usa-nav__link">Performance excellence</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/physics" class="usa-nav__link">Physics</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/public-safety" class="usa-nav__link">Public safety</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/resilience" class="usa-nav__link">Resilience</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/standards" class="usa-nav__link">Standards</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/transportation" class="usa-nav__link">Transportation</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="usa-nav__primary-item"> <a class="usa-nav__link" href="/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/publications">Publications</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__primary-item"> <button class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="primary_menu-3"><span>Labs & Major Programs</span></button> <div id="primary_menu-3" class="usa-nav__submenu usa-megamenu"> <div class="grid-row"> <div class="tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/labs-major-programs/laboratories" class="usa-nav__link">Laboratories</a> <ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li> <a href="/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/ctl" class="usa-nav__link">Communications Technology Laboratory</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/el" class="usa-nav__link">Engineering Laboratory</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/itl" class="usa-nav__link">Information Technology Laboratory</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/mml" class="usa-nav__link">Material Measurement Laboratory</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/pml" class="usa-nav__link">Physical Measurement Laboratory</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul></div><div class="column-break tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/labs-major-programs/user-facilities" class="usa-nav__link">User Facilities</a> <ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li> <a href="/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/ncnr" class="usa-nav__link">NIST Center for Neutron Research</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/cnst" class="usa-nav__link">CNST NanoFab</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/labs-major-programs/research-test-beds" class="usa-nav__link">Research Test Beds</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/laboratories/projects-programs" class="usa-nav__link">Research Projects</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/laboratories/tools-instruments" class="usa-nav__link">Tools & Instruments</a> </li> </ul></div><div class="column-break tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/labs-major-programs/major-programs" class="usa-nav__link">Major Programs</a> <ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li> <a href="/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/baldrige" class="usa-nav__link">Baldrige Performance Excellence Program</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/mep" class="usa-nav__link">Manufacturing Extension Partnership (MEP)</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/oam" class="usa-nav__link">Office of Advanced Manufacturing</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/spo" class="usa-nav__link">Special Programs Office</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/tpo" class="usa-nav__link">Technology Partnerships Office</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="usa-nav__primary-item"> <button class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="primary_menu-4"><span>Services & Resources</span></button> <div id="primary_menu-4" class="usa-nav__submenu usa-megamenu"> <div class="grid-row"> <div class="tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/services-resources/standards-and-measurements" class="usa-nav__link">Standards and Measurements</a> <ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li> <a href="/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/calibrations" class="usa-nav__link">Calibration Services</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/nvlap" class="usa-nav__link">Laboratory Accreditation (NVLAP)</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/nist-quality-system" class="usa-nav__link">Quality System</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/srm" class="usa-nav__link">Standard Reference Materials (SRMs)</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/standardsgov" class="usa-nav__link">Standards.gov</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/pml/time-and-frequency-division/time-services" class="usa-nav__link">Time Services</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/pml/owm" class="usa-nav__link">Office of Weights and Measures</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul></div><div class="column-break tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/services-resources/software" class="usa-nav__link">Software</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/data" class="usa-nav__link">Data</a> <ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221208125942/https://webbook.nist.gov/chemistry/" class="usa-nav__link">Chemistry WebBook</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221208125942/https://nvd.nist.gov/" class="usa-nav__link">National Vulnerability Database</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/pml/productsservices/physical-reference-data" class="usa-nav__link">Physical Reference Data</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/srd" class="usa-nav__link">Standard Reference Data (SRD)</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/shop" class="usa-nav__link">Storefront</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/tpo" class="usa-nav__link">License & Patents</a> </li> </ul></div><div class="column-break tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221208125942/http://csrc.nist.gov/" class="usa-nav__link">Computer Security Resource Center (CSRC)</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/nist-research-library" class="usa-nav__link">NIST Research Library</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="usa-nav__primary-item"> <button class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="primary_menu-5"><span>News & Events</span></button> <div id="primary_menu-5" class="usa-nav__submenu usa-megamenu"> <div class="grid-row"> <div class="tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news" class="usa-nav__link">News</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/events" class="usa-nav__link">Events</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/blogs" class="usa-nav__link">Blogs</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/feature-stories" class="usa-nav__link">Feature Stories</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/awards" class="usa-nav__link">Awards</a> </li> </ul></div><div class="column-break tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/video-gallery" class="usa-nav__link">Video Gallery</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/image-gallery" class="usa-nav__link">Image Gallery</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/director/pao/media-contacts" class="usa-nav__link">Media Contacts</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="usa-nav__primary-item"> <button class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="primary_menu-6"><span>About NIST</span></button> <div id="primary_menu-6" class="usa-nav__submenu usa-megamenu"> <div class="grid-row"> <div class="tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/about-nist" class="usa-nav__link">About Us</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/about-nist/contact-us" class="usa-nav__link">Contact Us</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/about-nist/visit" class="usa-nav__link">Visit</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/careers" class="usa-nav__link">Careers</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/director/nist-organization-structure" class="usa-nav__link">Our Organization</a> <ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li> <a href="/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/director" class="usa-nav__link">Office of the Director</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/director/nist-organization-structure/budget-planning" class="usa-nav__link">Budget & Planning</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul></div><div class="column-break tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/about-nist/work-nist" class="usa-nav__link">Work with NIST</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/history" class="usa-nav__link">History</a> <ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221208125942/http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/" class="usa-nav__link">NIST Digital Archives</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/nist-museum" class="usa-nav__link">NIST Museum</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/nist-and-nobel" class="usa-nav__link">NIST and the Nobel</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/education" class="usa-nav__link">Education & Resources for Kids</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </nav> </header>  </div> <div class="grid-container"> <div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div> </div> <div id="block-nist-www-content" class="nist-block"> <section class="nist-page__content usa-section clearfix"> <a id="main-content" tabindex="-1"></a> <div> <div class="nist-section-header nist-section-header--topic nist-section-header--hero"> <div class="nist-section-header__top grid-container"> <a href="/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/materials">Materials</a> /<a href="/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/materials-characterization">Materials characterization</a> </div> <div class="nist-section-header__sub"> <div class="nist-section-header__main grid-container"> <div class="grid-row"> <div class="nist-section-header__title"> <h1 class="nist-page__title">Thermal properties</h1> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="grid-container"> </div> <div class="nist-page__region nist-page__region--main"> <div class="nist-block"> <div class="grid-container margin-y-4"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--dynamic-content-list-topic paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="nist-region-heading"> <h2> <div class="string">News and Updates</div> </h2> </div> <div class="nist-block "> <div class="viewsreference"><div class="views-element-container"><div class="js-view-dom-id-6f6fc2b1b4e2a675e62cd3ee7a9d3b4fb9e160a24862688db1991819db7dd75a"> <div> <article role="article" about="/news-events/news/2022/06/spotlight-overhauling-refrigeration-industry-fight-global-warming" typeof="schema:Article" class="nist-teaser"> <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2022/06/spotlight-overhauling-refrigeration-industry-fight-global-warming" hreflang="en"><img src="/web/20221208125942im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2022/07/12/Lab_Guy_2.png?itok=gfFExqjy" width="100" height="74" alt="A man in safety goggles crouches at the back of an open air-conditioning unit, looking at a handheld tester." loading="lazy" typeof="foaf:Image"/> </a> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2022/06/spotlight-overhauling-refrigeration-industry-fight-global-warming"><span property="schema:name">Spotlight: Overhauling the Refrigeration Industry to Fight Global Warming</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__date"> <div class="daterange"><time datetime="2022-06-26T12:00:00Z">June 26, 2022</time> </div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div property="schema:text" class="text-with-summary">NIST researchers are tackling the question of alternative refrigerant fluids.</div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div> <article role="article" about="/news-events/news/2021/09/new-harmony-nist-researchers-develop-universal-method-calculating" typeof="schema:Article" class="nist-teaser"> <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2021/09/new-harmony-nist-researchers-develop-universal-method-calculating" hreflang="en"><img src="/web/20221208125942im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2021/09/13/harmonic_motion_7_21.jpg?itok=q5PndLdq" width="95" height="100" alt="harmonic motion illustration" loading="lazy" typeof="foaf:Image"/> </a> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2021/09/new-harmony-nist-researchers-develop-universal-method-calculating"><span property="schema:name">A New Harmony: NIST Researchers Develop a Universal Method for Calculating the Resonances of Oscillators</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__date"> <div class="daterange"><time datetime="2021-09-15T12:00:00Z">September 15, 2021</time> </div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div property="schema:text" class="text-with-summary">The natural, or resonance, frequency at which a simple harmonic oscillator vibrates reveals with exquisite sensitivity the essential properties of the physical</div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div> <article role="article" about="/news-events/news/2021/03/good-it-gets-nist-develops-its-fourth-generation-wire-micrometer-rivals" typeof="schema:Article" class="nist-teaser"> <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2021/03/good-it-gets-nist-develops-its-fourth-generation-wire-micrometer-rivals" hreflang="en"><img src="/web/20221208125942im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2021/03/11/micrometer.png?itok=vddr2woX" width="100" height="57" alt="NIST micrometer" loading="lazy" typeof="foaf:Image"/> </a> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2021/03/good-it-gets-nist-develops-its-fourth-generation-wire-micrometer-rivals"><span property="schema:name">As Good as it Gets: NIST Develops Its Fourth Generation Wire Micrometer that Rivals Best in the World</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__date"> <div class="daterange"><time datetime="2021-03-11T12:00:00Z">March 11, 2021</time> </div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div property="schema:text" class="text-with-summary">Researchers at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) have developed a dramatically improved laser-based instrument that measures the</div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <footer> <div class="link-list"><a href="/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news-updates/topic/248986">View All News and Updates</a></div> </footer> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="grid-container margin-y-4"> </div> <div class="grid-container margin-y-4"> </div> <div class="grid-container margin-y-4"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--dynamic-content-list-topic paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="nist-region-heading"> <h2> <div class="string">Projects and Programs</div> </h2> </div> <div class="nist-block "> <div class="viewsreference"><div class="views-element-container"><div class="js-view-dom-id-58f83097a5424669510707099558198324bb6d45af535e7dbd16087a1f9df600"> <div> <article role="article" about="/programs-projects/ncnr-dac-and-ccus-efforts" class="nist-teaser"> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/programs-projects/ncnr-dac-and-ccus-efforts"><span>NCNR DAC and CCUS efforts</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__type"> <div class="nist-badge display-inline-block margin-y-1 nist-badge--blue boolean">Ongoing</div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-long"> Overview Capture of carbon dioxide from the air (direct air capture; DAC) combined with energy efficiency and carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div> <article role="article" about="/programs-projects/nano-chemical-imaging-and-spectroscopy-ir-nir-vis" class="nist-teaser"> <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/programs-projects/nano-chemical-imaging-and-spectroscopy-ir-nir-vis" hreflang="en"><img src="/web/20221208125942im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2019/12/12/fig1.png?itok=epQryoHT" width="100" height="67" alt="PTIR combines the spatial resolution of AFM with the specificity of absorption spectroscopy" loading="lazy" typeof="foaf:Image"/> </a> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/programs-projects/nano-chemical-imaging-and-spectroscopy-ir-nir-vis"><span>Nano-Chemical Imaging and -Spectroscopy (IR, nIR, VIS)</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__type"> <div class="nist-badge display-inline-block margin-y-1 nist-badge--blue boolean">Ongoing</div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-long"> Conventional techniques for analyzing chemical composition, such as infrared (IR) microscopy often miss critically important nanoscale details. To overcome this </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div> <article role="article" about="/programs-projects/material-qualification" class="nist-teaser"> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/programs-projects/material-qualification"><span>Material Qualification</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__type"> <div class="nist-badge display-inline-block margin-y-1 nist-badge--blue boolean">Ongoing</div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-long"> The lack of repeatable process outcomes from additive manufacturing (AM) has been broadly acknowledged as an impediment to widespread implementation. While most </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div> <article role="article" about="/programs-projects/am-machine-and-process-control-methods-additive-manufacturing" class="nist-teaser"> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/programs-projects/am-machine-and-process-control-methods-additive-manufacturing"><span>AM Machine and Process Control Methods for Additive Manufacturing</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__type"> <div class="nist-badge display-inline-block margin-y-1 nist-badge--blue boolean">Ongoing</div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-long"> Part quality in additive manufacturing (AM) is highly dependent on the process control, but there is a lack of adequate AM control methods and standards. In </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <footer> <div class="link-list"><a href="/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/laboratories/projects-programs/topic/248986">View All Projects/Programs</a></div> </footer> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="grid-container margin-y-4"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--dynamic-content-list-topic paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="nist-region-heading"> <h2> <div class="string">Publications</div> </h2> </div> <div class="nist-block "> <div class="viewsreference"><div class="views-element-container"><div class="js-view-dom-id-d1f8f9a8fbd8cbffb3bb73e9c69ccbdfc34509a1668ffe97cd74566423a27d2d"> <div> <article role="article" about="/publications/phase-transition-induced-thermal-hysteresis-type-ii-weyl-semimetals-mote2-and-mo1" class="nist-teaser"> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/publications/phase-transition-induced-thermal-hysteresis-type-ii-weyl-semimetals-mote2-and-mo1"><span>Phase-transition-induced Thermal Hysteresis in Type-II Weyl Semimetals MoTe2 and Mo(1-x)W(x)Te2</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__date"> <div class="daterange"><time datetime="2022-11-19T12:00:00Z">November 19, 2022</time> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__type"> <div class="nist-field nist-field--label-inline text-long"> <div class="nist-field__label">Author(s)</div> <div class="nist-field__item">Md Sabbir Akhanda, <span class="nist-author">Sergiy Krylyuk</span>, Diane Dickie, <span class="nist-author">Albert Davydov</span>, Fei Han, Mingda Li, Mona Zebarjadi</div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-with-summary">The resistivity versus temperature measurement is commonly used for identifying temperature-induced phase change and the resulting hysteresis loop. While the</div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div> <article role="article" about="/publications/status-and-gaps-thermodynamic-metrology-materials-extreme-environments" class="nist-teaser"> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/publications/status-and-gaps-thermodynamic-metrology-materials-extreme-environments"><span>Status and Gaps in Thermodynamic Metrology of Materials in Extreme Environments</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__date"> <div class="daterange"><time datetime="2022-10-06T12:00:00Z">October 6, 2022</time> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__type"> <div class="nist-field nist-field--label-inline text-long"> <div class="nist-field__label">Author(s)</div> <div class="nist-field__item"><span class="nist-author">Elizabeth Rasmussen</span></div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div> <article role="article" about="/publications/synthesis-structure-electronic-and-thermal-properties-sphalerite-cuzn2ins4" class="nist-teaser"> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/publications/synthesis-structure-electronic-and-thermal-properties-sphalerite-cuzn2ins4"><span>Synthesis, structure, electronic and thermal properties of sphalerite CuZn2InS4</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__date"> <div class="daterange"><time datetime="2021-10-12T12:00:00Z">October 12, 2021</time> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__type"> <div class="nist-field nist-field--label-inline text-long"> <div class="nist-field__label">Author(s)</div> <div class="nist-field__item">Oluwagbemiga P. Ojo, Wilarachchige D. C. B. Gunatilleke, Hagen Poddig, Hsin Wang, <span class="nist-author">Joshua B. Martin</span>, Dylan J. Kirsch, George S. Nolas</div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-with-summary">Quaternary chalcogenides continue to be of interest due to the variety of physical properties they possess, as well as their potential for different</div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div> <article role="article" about="/publications/temperature-insensitive-silicone-composites-ballistic-witness-materials-impact-water" class="nist-teaser"> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/publications/temperature-insensitive-silicone-composites-ballistic-witness-materials-impact-water"><span>Temperature-insensitive silicone composites as ballistic witness materials: the impact of water content on the thermophysical properties</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__date"> <div class="daterange"><time datetime="2021-07-28T12:00:00Z">July 28, 2021</time> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__type"> <div class="nist-field nist-field--label-inline text-long"> <div class="nist-field__label">Author(s)</div> <div class="nist-field__item"><span class="nist-author">Ran Tao</span>, <span class="nist-author">Fan Zhang</span>, <span class="nist-author">Huong Giang Nguyen</span>, Philip Bernstein, <span class="nist-author">Amanda L. Forster</span>, Randy Mrozek, <span class="nist-author">Aaron M. Forster</span></div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-with-summary">In this work, different formulations of a room-temperature silicone composite backing material (SCBM) composed of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), fumed silica and</div> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="grid-container margin-y-4"> </div> <div class="grid-container margin-y-4"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--dynamic-content-list-topic paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="nist-region-heading"> <h2> <div class="string">Tools and Instruments</div> </h2> </div> <div class="nist-block "> <div class="viewsreference"><div class="views-element-container"><div class="js-view-dom-id-467c9abb628b8e8d6beb53f2db90b7f12e94c3d11f4be4a412bc47cc9520b186"> <div> <article role="article" about="/laboratories/tools-instruments/nanocalorimeter-calibration-system" class="nist-teaser"> <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/laboratories/tools-instruments/nanocalorimeter-calibration-system" hreflang="en"><img src="/web/20221208125942im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2017/10/06/nanocalorimeter_calibration_system.jpg?itok=2OR0A_9s" width="100" height="75" alt="Nanocalorimeter Calibration System " loading="lazy" typeof="foaf:Image"/> </a> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/laboratories/tools-instruments/nanocalorimeter-calibration-system"><span>Nanocalorimeter Calibration System</span> </a></h3> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-with-summary">The Nanocalorimeter Calibration System is used to calibrate each individual nanocalorimeter sensor chip used in the nanocalorimetry measurements project. The</div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div> <article role="article" about="/laboratories/tools-instruments/nanocalorimeter-measurement-system" class="nist-teaser"> <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/laboratories/tools-instruments/nanocalorimeter-measurement-system" hreflang="en"><img src="/web/20221208125942im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2017/10/06/nanocalorimeter_measurement_system.jpg?itok=F_4rUCEz" width="100" height="75" alt="Nanocalorimeter Measurement System " loading="lazy" typeof="foaf:Image"/> </a> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/laboratories/tools-instruments/nanocalorimeter-measurement-system"><span>Nanocalorimeter Measurement System</span> </a></h3> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-with-summary">This Nanocalorimeter Measurement System is used for nanocalorimetry measurements at fast heating rates (100 °C/s to 100,000 °C/s) and measurements of samples</div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <footer> <div class="link-list"><a href="/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/laboratories/tools-instruments/topic/248986">View All Tools & Instruments</a></div> </footer> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="grid-container margin-y-4"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--dynamic-content-list-topic paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="nist-region-heading"> <h2> <div class="string">Awards</div> </h2> </div> <div class="nist-block "> <div class="viewsreference"><div class="views-element-container"><div class="js-view-dom-id-146b9c91f4d2e143b2aeabb957cd2e31d55209b35bd83e01957800864f4a3aff"> <div> <article role="article" about="/awards/ian-bell-and-monika-thol-named-emerging-investigators-journal-chemical-and-engineering-data" class="nist-teaser"> <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/awards/ian-bell-and-monika-thol-named-emerging-investigators-journal-chemical-and-engineering-data" hreflang="en"><img src="/web/20221208125942im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2017/06/02/ian_bell.jpg?itok=dwNS1bKt" width="92" height="100" alt="2015 MML Postdoctoral Fellow Awardee" loading="lazy" typeof="foaf:Image"/> </a> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/awards/ian-bell-and-monika-thol-named-emerging-investigators-journal-chemical-and-engineering-data"><span>Ian Bell and Monika Thol Named “Emerging Investigators” by Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data</span> </a></h3> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-long">Ian Bell of MML's Applied Chemicals and Materials Division was named as an Emerging Investigator in the field of chemical thermodynamics by</div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <footer> <div class="link-list"><a href="/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/awards/topic/248986">View All Awards</a></div> </footer> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="grid-container margin-y-4"> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> <div data-elastic-exclude>  <footer class="nist-footer padding-bottom-4"> <div class="grid-container nist-footer__info"> <div class="grid-row"> <div class="tablet:grid-col-6"> <div class="nist-footer__logo"> <a href="/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/" title="National Institute of Standards and Technology" rel="home"> <img class="nist-footer__logo-img" src="/web/20221208125942im_/https://www.nist.gov/libraries/nist-component-library/dist/img/logo/NIST-Logo-Brand-White.svg" alt="National Institute of Standards and Technology logo"> </a> </div> <div class="nist-footer__contact"> <h3 class="nist-footer__contact-heading">HEADQUARTERS</h3> <address> 100 Bureau Drive<br> Gaithersburg, MD 20899<br> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221208125942/tel:301-975-2000">301-975-2000</a> </address> <p> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221208125942/mailto:do-webmaster@nist.gov">Webmaster</a> | <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/about-nist/contact-us">Contact Us</a> | <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/visit">Our Other Offices</a> </p> </div> </div> <div class="tablet:grid-col-6"> <div class="nist-footer__social-links"> <a class="nist-social nist-social--twitter-white" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221208125942/https://twitter.com/NIST"> <span>Twitter</span> </a> <a class="nist-social nist-social--facebook-white" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221208125942/https://www.facebook.com/NIST"> <span>Facebook</span> </a> <a class="nist-social nist-social--linkedin-white" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221208125942/https://www.linkedin.com/company/nist"> <span>LinkedIn</span> </a> <a class="nist-social nist-social--instagram-white" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221208125942/https://www.instagram.com/nist/"> <span>Instagram</span> </a> <a class="nist-social nist-social--youtube-white" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221208125942/https://www.youtube.com/NIST"> <span>YouTube</span> </a> <a class="nist-social nist-social--giphy-white" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221208125942/https://giphy.com/nist"> <span>Giphy</span> </a> <a class="nist-social nist-social--rss-white" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/nist-rss-feeds"> <span>RSS Feed</span> </a> <a class="nist-social nist-social--envelope-white" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221208125942/https://public.govdelivery.com/accounts/USNIST/subscriber/new"> <span>Mailing List</span> </a> </div> <div class="nist-footer__feedback"> How are we doing? <a class="usa-button" rel="nofollow" href="/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/form/nist-gov-feedback?destination=/thermal-properties" title="Provide feedback">Feedback</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="grid-container"> <div class="nist-footer__nav" role="navigation"> <ul> <li class="nist-footer__menu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/privacy-policy">Site Privacy</a> </li> <li class="nist-footer__menu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/oism/accessibility">Accessibility</a> </li> <li class="nist-footer__menu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/privacy">Privacy Program</a> </li> <li class="nist-footer__menu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/oism/copyrights">Copyrights</a> </li> <li class="nist-footer__menu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221208125942/https://www.commerce.gov/vulnerability-disclosure-policy">Vulnerability Disclosure</a> </li> <li class="nist-footer__menu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/no-fear-act-policy">No Fear Act Policy</a> </li> <li class="nist-footer__menu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/office-director/freedom-information-act">FOIA</a> </li> <li class="nist-footer__menu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/environmental-policy-statement">Environmental Policy</a> </li> <li class="nist-footer__menu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/summary-report-scientific-integrity">Scientific Integrity</a> </li> <li class="nist-footer__menu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221208125942/https://www.nist.gov/nist-information-quality-standards">Information Quality Standards</a> </li> <li class="nist-footer__menu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221208125942/https://www.commerce.gov/">Commerce.gov</a> </li> <li class="nist-footer__menu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221208125942/http://www.science.gov/">Science.gov</a> </li> <li class="nist-footer__menu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221208125942/http://www.usa.gov/">USA.gov</a> </li> <li class="nist-footer__menu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221208125942/https://vote.gov/">Vote.gov</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </footer>  </div> </div> <script type="application/json" data-drupal-selector="drupal-settings-json">{"path":{"baseUrl":"\/","scriptPath":null,"pathPrefix":"","currentPath":"node\/1079676","currentPathIsAdmin":false,"isFront":false,"currentLanguage":"en"},"pluralDelimiter":"\u0003","suppressDeprecationErrors":true,"back_to_top":{"back_to_top_button_trigger":100,"back_to_top_prevent_on_mobile":false,"back_to_top_prevent_in_admin":true,"back_to_top_button_type":"image","back_to_top_button_text":"Back to top"},"google_analytics":{"account":"UA-66610693-3","trackOutbound":true,"trackMailto":true,"trackTel":true,"trackDownload":true,"trackDownloadExtensions":"7z|aac|arc|arj|asf|asx|avi|bin|bsh|c|csv|doc(x|m)?|dot(x|m)?|dw(fx|g|gd)|dxf|eps|epub|exe|f(90)|flv|gif|gz|gzip|hqx|jar|jpe?g|js|m1v|mp(2|3|4|e?g)|mobi|mov(ie)?|msi|msp|pdf|phps|pl|png|ppt(x|m)?|pot(x|m)?|pps(x|m)?|ppam|sld(x|m)?|thmx|qtm?|ra(m|r)?|rfa|rtf|rvt|sch|sea|sit|swf|tar|tgz|tif|txt|txz|wav|wma|wmv|wpd|wrl|xls(x|m|b)?|xlt(x|m)|xlam|xml|xsd|z|zip","trackDomainMode":1},"nist_search":{"clickTracking":"search-report-click","isDebug":false,"clickTrackEnabled":false,"message":"NIST Search in debug mode. Check the browsers network inspector for Click Track reporting results..."},"data":{"extlink":{"extTarget":false,"extTargetNoOverride":false,"extNofollow":false,"extNoreferrer":false,"extFollowNoOverride":false,"extClass":"ext","extLabel":"(link is external)","extImgClass":false,"extSubdomains":true,"extExclude":"\\.gov\\\/|\\.mil\\\/|\\manufacturingusa\\.com\\\/","extInclude":"","extCssExclude":"","extCssExplicit":"","extAlert":true,"extAlertText":"Thank you for visiting NIST. We hope your visit was informative. We have provided a link to this site because it has information that may be of interest to our users. NIST does not necessarily endorse the views expressed or the facts presented on this site. Further, NIST does not endorse any commercial products that may be advertised or available on this site. Click OK to be directed to your link.","mailtoClass":"0","mailtoLabel":"(link sends email)","extUseFontAwesome":false,"extIconPlacement":"append","extFaLinkClasses":"fa fa-external-link","extFaMailtoClasses":"fa fa-envelope-o","whitelistedDomains":[]}},"user":{"uid":0,"permissionsHash":"582eea317b4636ab5a0dffc8c6a006df3d6901ea5610498a0bbefc925ea1da0f"}}</script> <script src="/web/20221208125942js_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/js/js_DNL6VrEuHPrL959oUExCzGY3A7BXQIMYib7aZLaICi4.js"></script> <script src="https://web.archive.org/web/20221208125942js_/https://siteimproveanalytics.com/js/siteanalyze_6017546.js" async></script> <script src="/web/20221208125942js_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/js/js_c0hecns0CAftnzmCOwBYLxRa48pqi1xWMZwQH4JQ1gU.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript">window.NREUM||(NREUM={});NREUM.info={"beacon":"gov-bam.nr-data.net","licenseKey":"37b7ccb661","applicationID":"1089704227","transactionName":"YFxUN0sADEdYVkBaClkWdwBNCA1aFnFGRhVWVWoNVgUHaHpaWkcXWFVaBks9LFtdUGJaAEB6WQ1NEw1YVVBGHltBUFMU","queueTime":0,"applicationTime":1096,"atts":"TBtXQQMaH0k=","errorBeacon":"gov-bam.nr-data.net","agent":""}</script></body> </html>

CINXE.COM

Thermal properties | NIST