CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs skin-theme-clientpref-day mf-expand-sections-clientpref-0 mf-font-size-clientpref-small mw-mf-amc-clientpref-0" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Michael Grade - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js skin-theme-clientpref-day mf-expand-sections-clientpref-0 mf-font-size-clientpref-small mw-mf-amc-clientpref-0";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"966a057b-847a-4162-a96e-6cfc716cd515","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Michael_Grade","wgTitle":"Michael Grade","wgCurRevisionId":1258524547,"wgRevisionId":1258524547,"wgArticleId":171747, "wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Michael_Grade","wgRelevantArticleId":171747,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFMode":"stable","wgMFAmc":false,"wgMFAmcOutreachActive":false,"wgMFAmcOutreachUserEligible":false,"wgMFLazyLoadImages":true,"wgMFEditNoticesFeatureConflict":false,"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgMFIsSupportedEditRequest":true,"wgMFScriptPath":"", "wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":40000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":true,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgSectionTranslationMissingLanguages":[{"lang":"ace","autonym":"Acèh","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ady","autonym":"адыгабзэ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"alt","autonym":"алтай тил","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"am","autonym":"አማርኛ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ami","autonym":"Pangcah","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"an","autonym":"aragonés","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ang","autonym":"Ænglisc","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ann","autonym":"Obolo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"anp","autonym":"अंगिका","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ar","autonym":"العربية","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"ary","autonym":"الدارجة","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"as","autonym":"অসমীয়া","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ast","autonym":"asturianu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"av","autonym":"авар","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"avk","autonym":"Kotava","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"awa","autonym": "अवधी","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ay","autonym":"Aymar aru","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"az","autonym":"azərbaycanca","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"azb","autonym":"تۆرکجه","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"ba","autonym":"башҡортса","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ban","autonym":"Basa Bali","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bar","autonym":"Boarisch","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bbc","autonym":"Batak Toba","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bcl","autonym":"Bikol Central","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bdr","autonym":"Bajau Sama","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"be","autonym":"беларуская","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bew","autonym":"Betawi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bg","autonym":"български","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bho","autonym":"भोजपुरी","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bi","autonym":"Bislama","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bjn","autonym":"Banjar","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"blk","autonym":"ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bm","autonym":"bamanankan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bn","autonym":"বাংলা","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bo", "autonym":"བོད་ཡིག","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bpy","autonym":"বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"br","autonym":"brezhoneg","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bs","autonym":"bosanski","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"btm","autonym":"Batak Mandailing","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bug","autonym":"Basa Ugi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ca","autonym":"català","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"cdo","autonym":"閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ce","autonym":"нохчийн","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ceb","autonym":"Cebuano","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ch","autonym":"Chamoru","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"chr","autonym":"ᏣᎳᎩ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ckb","autonym":"کوردی","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"co","autonym":"corsu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"cr","autonym":"Nēhiyawēwin / ᓀᐦᐃᔭᐍᐏᐣ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"crh","autonym":"qırımtatarca","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"cs","autonym":"čeština","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"cu","autonym": "словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"cy","autonym":"Cymraeg","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"da","autonym":"dansk","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dag","autonym":"dagbanli","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dga","autonym":"Dagaare","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"din","autonym":"Thuɔŋjäŋ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"diq","autonym":"Zazaki","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dsb","autonym":"dolnoserbski","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dtp","autonym":"Kadazandusun","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dv","autonym":"ދިވެހިބަސް","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"dz","autonym":"ཇོང་ཁ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ee","autonym":"eʋegbe","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"el","autonym":"Ελληνικά","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"eml","autonym":"emiliàn e rumagnòl","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"eo","autonym":"Esperanto","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"es","autonym":"español","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"et","autonym":"eesti","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"eu","autonym":"euskara","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fa","autonym":"فارسی","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"fat","autonym":"mfantse", "dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ff","autonym":"Fulfulde","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fi","autonym":"suomi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fj","autonym":"Na Vosa Vakaviti","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fo","autonym":"føroyskt","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fon","autonym":"fɔ̀ngbè","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"frp","autonym":"arpetan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"frr","autonym":"Nordfriisk","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fur","autonym":"furlan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fy","autonym":"Frysk","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gag","autonym":"Gagauz","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gan","autonym":"贛語","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gcr","autonym":"kriyòl gwiyannen","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gl","autonym":"galego","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"glk","autonym":"گیلکی","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"gn","autonym":"Avañe'ẽ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gom","autonym":"गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gor","autonym":"Bahasa Hulontalo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gpe","autonym":"Ghanaian Pidgin","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gu","autonym":"ગુજરાતી","dir": "ltr"},{"lang":"guc","autonym":"wayuunaiki","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gur","autonym":"farefare","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"guw","autonym":"gungbe","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gv","autonym":"Gaelg","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ha","autonym":"Hausa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hak","autonym":"客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"haw","autonym":"Hawaiʻi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"he","autonym":"עברית","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"hi","autonym":"हिन्दी","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hif","autonym":"Fiji Hindi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hr","autonym":"hrvatski","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hsb","autonym":"hornjoserbsce","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ht","autonym":"Kreyòl ayisyen","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hu","autonym":"magyar","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hy","autonym":"հայերեն","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hyw","autonym":"Արեւմտահայերէն","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ia","autonym":"interlingua","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"iba","autonym":"Jaku Iban","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ie","autonym":"Interlingue","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ig","autonym": "Igbo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"igl","autonym":"Igala","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ilo","autonym":"Ilokano","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"io","autonym":"Ido","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"is","autonym":"íslenska","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"it","autonym":"italiano","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"iu","autonym":"ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ja","autonym":"日本語","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"jam","autonym":"Patois","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"jv","autonym":"Jawa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ka","autonym":"ქართული","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kaa","autonym":"Qaraqalpaqsha","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kab","autonym":"Taqbaylit","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kbd","autonym":"адыгэбзэ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kbp","autonym":"Kabɩyɛ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kcg","autonym":"Tyap","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kg","autonym":"Kongo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kge","autonym":"Kumoring","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ki","autonym":"Gĩkũyũ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kk","autonym":"қазақша","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kl","autonym":"kalaallisut","dir" :"ltr"},{"lang":"km","autonym":"ភាសាខ្មែរ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kn","autonym":"ಕನ್ನಡ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ko","autonym":"한국어","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"koi","autonym":"перем коми","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"krc","autonym":"къарачай-малкъар","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ks","autonym":"कॉशुर / کٲشُر","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"ku","autonym":"kurdî","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kus","autonym":"Kʋsaal","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kv","autonym":"коми","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kw","autonym":"kernowek","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ky","autonym":"кыргызча","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lad","autonym":"Ladino","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lb","autonym":"Lëtzebuergesch","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lez","autonym":"лезги","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lg","autonym":"Luganda","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"li","autonym":"Limburgs","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lij","autonym":"Ligure","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lld","autonym":"Ladin","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lmo","autonym":"lombard","dir":"ltr"},{ "lang":"ln","autonym":"lingála","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lo","autonym":"ລາວ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lt","autonym":"lietuvių","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ltg","autonym":"latgaļu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lv","autonym":"latviešu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mad","autonym":"Madhurâ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mai","autonym":"मैथिली","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"map-bms","autonym":"Basa Banyumasan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mdf","autonym":"мокшень","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mg","autonym":"Malagasy","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mhr","autonym":"олык марий","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mi","autonym":"Māori","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"min","autonym":"Minangkabau","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mk","autonym":"македонски","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ml","autonym":"മലയാളം","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mn","autonym":"монгол","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mni","autonym":"ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mnw","autonym":"ဘာသာမန်","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mos","autonym":"moore","dir":"ltr"},{ "lang":"mr","autonym":"मराठी","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mrj","autonym":"кырык мары","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ms","autonym":"Bahasa Melayu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mt","autonym":"Malti","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mwl","autonym":"Mirandés","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"my","autonym":"မြန်မာဘာသာ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"myv","autonym":"эрзянь","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mzn","autonym":"مازِرونی","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"nah","autonym":"Nāhuatl","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nan","autonym":"閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nap","autonym":"Napulitano","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nb","autonym":"norsk bokmål","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nds","autonym":"Plattdüütsch","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nds-nl","autonym":"Nedersaksies","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ne","autonym":"नेपाली","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"new","autonym":"नेपाल भाषा","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nia","autonym":"Li Niha","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nl","autonym":"Nederlands","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nn", "autonym":"norsk nynorsk","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nqo","autonym":"ߒߞߏ","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"nr","autonym":"isiNdebele seSewula","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nso","autonym":"Sesotho sa Leboa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ny","autonym":"Chi-Chewa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"oc","autonym":"occitan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"om","autonym":"Oromoo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"or","autonym":"ଓଡ଼ିଆ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"os","autonym":"ирон","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pa","autonym":"ਪੰਜਾਬੀ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pag","autonym":"Pangasinan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pam","autonym":"Kapampangan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pap","autonym":"Papiamentu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pcd","autonym":"Picard","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pcm","autonym":"Naijá","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pdc","autonym":"Deitsch","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pl","autonym":"polski","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pms","autonym":"Piemontèis","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pnb","autonym":"پنجابی","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"ps","autonym":"پښتو","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"pt", "autonym":"português","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pwn","autonym":"pinayuanan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"qu","autonym":"Runa Simi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rm","autonym":"rumantsch","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rn","autonym":"ikirundi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ro","autonym":"română","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rsk","autonym":"руски","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rue","autonym":"русиньскый","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rup","autonym":"armãneashti","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rw","autonym":"Ikinyarwanda","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sa","autonym":"संस्कृतम्","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sah","autonym":"саха тыла","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sat","autonym":"ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sc","autonym":"sardu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"scn","autonym":"sicilianu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sco","autonym":"Scots","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sd","autonym":"سنڌي","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"se","autonym":"davvisámegiella","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sg","autonym":"Sängö","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sgs","autonym":"žemaitėška", "dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sh","autonym":"srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"shi","autonym":"Taclḥit","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"shn","autonym":"ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"si","autonym":"සිංහල","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sk","autonym":"slovenčina","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"skr","autonym":"سرائیکی","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"sl","autonym":"slovenščina","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sm","autonym":"Gagana Samoa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"smn","autonym":"anarâškielâ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sn","autonym":"chiShona","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"so","autonym":"Soomaaliga","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sq","autonym":"shqip","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sr","autonym":"српски / srpski","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"srn","autonym":"Sranantongo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ss","autonym":"SiSwati","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"st","autonym":"Sesotho","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"stq","autonym":"Seeltersk","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"su","autonym":"Sunda","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sv","autonym":"svenska", "dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sw","autonym":"Kiswahili","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"szl","autonym":"ślůnski","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ta","autonym":"தமிழ்","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tay","autonym":"Tayal","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tcy","autonym":"ತುಳು","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tdd","autonym":"ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"te","autonym":"తెలుగు","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tet","autonym":"tetun","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tg","autonym":"тоҷикӣ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"th","autonym":"ไทย","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ti","autonym":"ትግርኛ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tk","autonym":"Türkmençe","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tl","autonym":"Tagalog","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tly","autonym":"tolışi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tn","autonym":"Setswana","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"to","autonym":"lea faka-Tonga","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tpi","autonym":"Tok Pisin","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tr","autonym":"Türkçe","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"trv","autonym":"Seediq","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ts","autonym": "Xitsonga","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tt","autonym":"татарча / tatarça","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tum","autonym":"chiTumbuka","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tw","autonym":"Twi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ty","autonym":"reo tahiti","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tyv","autonym":"тыва дыл","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"udm","autonym":"удмурт","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ur","autonym":"اردو","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"uz","autonym":"oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ve","autonym":"Tshivenda","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vec","autonym":"vèneto","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vep","autonym":"vepsän kel’","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vi","autonym":"Tiếng Việt","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vls","autonym":"West-Vlams","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vo","autonym":"Volapük","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vro","autonym":"võro","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"wa","autonym":"walon","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"war","autonym":"Winaray","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"wo","autonym":"Wolof","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"wuu","autonym":"吴语","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"xal","autonym": "хальмг","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"xh","autonym":"isiXhosa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"xmf","autonym":"მარგალური","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"yi","autonym":"ייִדיש","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"yo","autonym":"Yorùbá","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"yue","autonym":"粵語","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"za","autonym":"Vahcuengh","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"zgh","autonym":"ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"zh","autonym":"中文","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"zu","autonym":"isiZulu","dir":"ltr"}],"wgSectionTranslationTargetLanguages":["ace","ady","alt","am","ami","an","ang","ann","anp","ar","ary","arz","as","ast","av","avk","awa","ay","az","azb","ba","ban","bar","bbc","bcl","bdr","be","bew","bg","bho","bi","bjn","blk","bm","bn","bo","bpy","br","bs","btm","bug","ca","cdo","ce","ceb","ch","chr","ckb","co","cr","crh","cs","cu","cy","da","dag","de","dga","din","diq","dsb","dtp","dv","dz","ee","el","eml","eo","es","et","eu","fa","fat","ff","fi","fj","fo","fon","fr","frp","frr", "fur","fy","gag","gan","gcr","gl","glk","gn","gom","gor","gpe","gu","guc","gur","guw","gv","ha","hak","haw","he","hi","hif","hr","hsb","ht","hu","hy","hyw","ia","iba","ie","ig","igl","ilo","io","is","it","iu","ja","jam","jv","ka","kaa","kab","kbd","kbp","kcg","kg","kge","ki","kk","kl","km","kn","ko","koi","krc","ks","ku","kus","kv","kw","ky","lad","lb","lez","lg","li","lij","lld","lmo","ln","lo","lt","ltg","lv","mad","mai","map-bms","mdf","mg","mhr","mi","min","mk","ml","mn","mni","mnw","mos","mr","mrj","ms","mt","mwl","my","myv","mzn","nah","nan","nap","nb","nds","nds-nl","ne","new","nia","nl","nn","nqo","nr","nso","ny","oc","om","or","os","pa","pag","pam","pap","pcd","pcm","pdc","pl","pms","pnb","ps","pt","pwn","qu","rm","rn","ro","rsk","rue","rup","rw","sa","sah","sat","sc","scn","sco","sd","se","sg","sgs","sh","shi","shn","si","sk","skr","sl","sm","smn","sn","so","sq","sr","srn","ss","st","stq","su","sv","sw","szl","ta","tay","tcy","tdd","te","tet","tg","th","ti","tk","tl","tly", "tn","to","tpi","tr","trv","ts","tt","tum","tw","ty","tyv","udm","ur","uz","ve","vec","vep","vi","vls","vo","vro","wa","war","wo","wuu","xal","xh","xmf","yi","yo","yue","za","zgh","zh","zu"],"isLanguageSearcherCXEntrypointEnabled":true,"mintEntrypointLanguages":["ace","ast","azb","bcl","bjn","bh","crh","ff","fon","ig","is","ki","ks","lmo","min","sat","ss","tn","vec"],"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q1520078","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false,"wgMinervaPermissions":{"watchable":true,"watch":false},"wgMinervaFeatures":{"beta":false,"donate":true,"mobileOptionsLink":true,"categories":false,"pageIssues":true,"talkAtTop":true,"historyInPageActions":false,"overflowSubmenu":false,"tabsOnSpecials":true,"personalMenu":false, "mainMenuExpanded":false,"echo":true,"nightMode":true},"wgMinervaDownloadNamespaces":[0]};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.minerva.styles":"ready","skins.minerva.content.styles.images":"ready","mediawiki.hlist":"ready","skins.minerva.codex.styles":"ready","skins.minerva.icons":"ready","skins.minerva.amc.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","mobile.init.styles":"ready","ext.relatedArticles.styles":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","skins.minerva.scripts","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","ext.popups","mobile.init","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.relatedArticles.readMore.bootstrap", "ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.entrypoints.mffrequentlanguages","ext.cx.entrypoints.languagesearcher.init","mw.externalguidance.init","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.relatedArticles.styles%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cmediawiki.hlist%7Cmobile.init.styles%7Cskins.minerva.amc.styles%7Cskins.minerva.codex.styles%7Cskins.minerva.content.styles.images%7Cskins.minerva.icons%2Cstyles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=minerva"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=minerva"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=minerva"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#eaecf0"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Official_portrait_of_Lord_Grade_of_Yarmouth_crop_2%2C_2023.jpg/1200px-Official_portrait_of_Lord_Grade_of_Yarmouth_crop_2%2C_2023.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1600"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Official_portrait_of_Lord_Grade_of_Yarmouth_crop_2%2C_2023.jpg/800px-Official_portrait_of_Lord_Grade_of_Yarmouth_crop_2%2C_2023.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1067"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Official_portrait_of_Lord_Grade_of_Yarmouth_crop_2%2C_2023.jpg/640px-Official_portrait_of_Lord_Grade_of_Yarmouth_crop_2%2C_2023.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="853"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, user-scalable=yes, minimum-scale=0.25, maximum-scale=5.0"> <meta property="og:title" content="Michael Grade - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="manifest" href="/w/api.php?action=webapp-manifest"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Grade&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Grade"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Michael_Grade rootpage-Michael_Grade stable issues-group-B skin-minerva action-view skin--responsive mw-mf-amc-disabled mw-mf"><div id="mw-mf-viewport"> <div id="mw-mf-page-center"> <a class="mw-mf-page-center__mask" href="#"></a> <header class="header-container header-chrome"> <div class="minerva-header"> <nav class="navigation-drawer toggle-list view-border-box"> <input type="checkbox" id="main-menu-input" class="toggle-list__checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" aria-labelledby="mw-mf-main-menu-button"> <label role="button" for="main-menu-input" id="mw-mf-main-menu-button" aria-hidden="true" data-event-name="ui.mainmenu" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet toggle-list__toggle"> </label> <div id="mw-mf-page-left" class="menu view-border-box"> <ul id="p-navigation" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item "> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--home" href="/wiki/Main_Page" data-mw="interface"> Home </a> </li> <li class="toggle-list-item "> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--random" href="/wiki/Special:Random" data-mw="interface"> Random </a> </li> <li class="toggle-list-item skin-minerva-list-item-jsonly"> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--nearby" href="/wiki/Special:Nearby" data-event-name="menu.nearby" data-mw="interface"> Nearby </a> </li> </ul> <ul id="p-personal" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item "> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--login" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Michael+Grade" data-event-name="menu.login" data-mw="interface"> Log in </a> </li> </ul> <ul id="pt-preferences" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item skin-minerva-list-item-jsonly"> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--settings" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:MobileOptions&returnto=Michael+Grade" data-event-name="menu.settings" data-mw="interface"> Settings </a> </li> </ul> <ul id="p-donation" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item "> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--donate" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en&utm_key=minerva" data-event-name="menu.donate" data-mw="interface"> Donate </a> </li> </ul> <ul class="hlist"> <li class="toggle-list-item "> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--about" href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" data-mw="interface"> About Wikipedia </a> </li> <li class="toggle-list-item "> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--disclaimers" href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer" data-mw="interface"> Disclaimers </a> </li> </ul> </div> <label class="main-menu-mask" for="main-menu-input"></label> </nav> <div class="branding-box"> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </a> </div> <form action="/w/index.php" method="get" class="minerva-search-form"> <div class="search-box"> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"/> <input class="search skin-minerva-search-trigger" id="searchInput" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"> </div> <button id="searchIcon" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet skin-minerva-search-trigger"> Search </button> </form> <nav class="minerva-user-navigation" aria-label="User navigation"> </nav> </div> </header> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <div class="banner-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="pre-content heading-holder"> <div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Michael Grade</h1> <div class="tagline"></div> </div> <ul id="p-associated-pages" class="minerva__tab-container"> <li class="minerva__tab selected"> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Michael_Grade" rel="" data-event-name="tabs.subject">Article</a> </li> <li class="minerva__tab "> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Talk:Michael_Grade" rel="discussion" data-event-name="tabs.talk">Talk</a> </li> </ul> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" href="#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Language" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> Language </a> </li> <li id="page-actions-watch" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" id="ca-watch" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Michael+Grade" data-event-name="menu.watch" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet menu__item--page-actions-watch"> Watch </a> </li> <li id="page-actions-edit" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" id="ca-edit" href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Grade&action=edit" data-event-name="menu.edit" data-mw="interface" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> Edit </a> </li> </ul> </nav>  <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style>Michael Ian Grade, Baron Grade of Yarmouth, <a href="/wiki/Commander_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Commander of the Order of the British Empire">CBE</a> (born 8 March 1943) is an English <a href="/wiki/Media_proprietor" title="Media proprietor">television executive</a> and businessman. He has held a number of senior roles in television, including controller of <a href="/wiki/BBC1" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC1">BBC1</a> (1984–1986), chief executive of <a href="/wiki/Channel_4" title="Channel 4">Channel 4</a> (1988–1997), <a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_BBC" class="mw-redirect" title="Chairman of the BBC">chairman of the board of governors of the BBC</a> (2004–2006), and executive chairman of <a href="/wiki/ITV_plc" title="ITV plc">ITV plc</a> (2007–2009).<a href="#cite_note-BBC2009stepdown-1">[1]</a> He sat as a <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative Party</a> <a href="/wiki/Life_peer" title="Life peer">life peer</a> in the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords" title="House of Lords">House of Lords</a> from 2011 until after his appointment as Chair of <a href="/wiki/Ofcom" title="Ofcom">Ofcom</a>. <table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/The_Right_Honourable" title="The Right Honourable">The Right Honourable</a></div><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">The Lord Grade of Yarmouth</div><div class="honorific-suffix" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Commander_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Commander of the Order of the British Empire">CBE</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Official_portrait_of_Lord_Grade_of_Yarmouth_crop_2,_2023.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Official_portrait_of_Lord_Grade_of_Yarmouth_crop_2%2C_2023.jpg/220px-Official_portrait_of_Lord_Grade_of_Yarmouth_crop_2%2C_2023.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Official_portrait_of_Lord_Grade_of_Yarmouth_crop_2%2C_2023.jpg/330px-Official_portrait_of_Lord_Grade_of_Yarmouth_crop_2%2C_2023.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Official_portrait_of_Lord_Grade_of_Yarmouth_crop_2%2C_2023.jpg/440px-Official_portrait_of_Lord_Grade_of_Yarmouth_crop_2%2C_2023.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="2000"></a><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Official portrait, 2023</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Chairman of <a href="/wiki/Ofcom" title="Ofcom">Ofcom</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><div class="skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="width:100%; margin:0; color: black; background-color: lavender"><a href="/wiki/Incumbent" title="Incumbent">Incumbent</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">Assumed office 1 May 2022</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Maggie_Carver" title="Maggie Carver">Maggie Carver</a> (acting)</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_BBC" class="mw-redirect" title="Chairman of the BBC">Chairman of the Board of Governors of the BBC</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 17 May 2004 – 28 November 2006</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_Ryder_of_Wensum" class="mw-redirect" title="The Lord Ryder of Wensum">The Lord Ryder of Wensum</a> (acting)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Salz" title="Anthony Salz">Anthony Salz</a> (acting)</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_House_of_Lords" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of the House of Lords">Member of the House of Lords</a> <a href="/wiki/Lord_Temporal" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Temporal">Lord Temporal</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><div class="skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="width:100%; margin:0; color: black; background-color: lavender"><a href="/wiki/Incumbent" title="Incumbent">Incumbent</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">Assumed office 27 January 2011 <a href="/wiki/Life_peerage" class="mw-redirect" title="Life peerage">Life peerage</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Michael Ian Grade</div> (1943-03-08) 8 March 1943 (age 81) London, England</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Crossbencher" title="Crossbencher">Crossbench</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other political affiliations</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative</a> (until 2022)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouses</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Penelope Levinson</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1967; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1981)</div></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Lawson_(producer)" title="Sarah Lawson (producer)">Sarah Lawson</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1982; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1991)</div></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;">Francesca Leahy</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1998)</div></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">3</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parent</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leslie_Grade" title="Leslie Grade">Leslie Grade</a> (father)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relatives</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lew_Grade" title="Lew Grade">Lew Grade</a> (uncle)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Delfont" title="Bernard Delfont">Bernard Delfont</a> (uncle)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Stowe_School" title="Stowe School">Stowe School</a> <a href="/wiki/St_Dunstan%27s_College" title="St Dunstan's College">St Dunstan's College</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data">Television executive, businessman</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> In April 2022, it was announced by the Government that Grade would take up his four year appointment as chairman of <a href="/wiki/Ofcom" title="Ofcom">Ofcom</a> from May 2022 and would move to the crossbenches in the House of Lords at the earliest practical opportunity.<a href="#cite_note-:0-2">[2]</a> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Early_life">1 Early life</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Career">2 Career</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#LWT">2.1 LWT</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#BBC">2.2 BBC</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-5"><a href="#Doctor_Who_controversy">2.2.1 Doctor Who controversy</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Channel_4">2.3 Channel 4</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Return_to_the_BBC">2.4 Return to the BBC</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#ITV">2.5 ITV</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Peerage">2.6 Peerage</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Ofcom">2.7 Ofcom</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#Personal_life">3 Personal life</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="#References">4 References</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="#External_links">5 External links</a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Grade&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> Grade was born into a <a href="/wiki/Jewish" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish">Jewish</a> show business family originally called Winogradsky.<a href="#cite_note-Freedland-3">[3]</a> His father was the theatrical agent <a href="/wiki/Leslie_Grade" title="Leslie Grade">Leslie Grade</a>, and his uncles were the impresarios <a href="/wiki/Lew_Grade" title="Lew Grade">Lew Grade</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Delfont" title="Bernard Delfont">Bernard Delfont</a>.<a href="#cite_note-transdiffusion-4">[4]</a> When he was three years old, his non-Jewish mother (Lynn Smith) left the family to conduct a relationship with wrestling commentator <a href="/wiki/Kent_Walton" title="Kent Walton">Kent Walton</a>. Grade was brought up by his paternal grandmother, and he only saw his mother once more as an adult.<a href="#cite_note-Freedland-3">[3]</a> He was educated at <a href="/wiki/Stowe_School" title="Stowe School">Stowe School</a> in Buckinghamshire and <a href="/wiki/St_Dunstan%27s_College" title="St Dunstan's College">St Dunstan's College</a> in London.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Grade&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> Grade joined the <a href="/wiki/Daily_Mirror" title="Daily Mirror">Daily Mirror</a> in 1960, and was a sports columnist from 1964 to 1966. By his own account (as related on <a href="/wiki/Channel_4" title="Channel 4">Channel 4</a> chat show The Late <a href="/wiki/Clive_James" title="Clive James">Clive James</a>), the job had been organised by his father. When Leslie Grade suffered a serious stroke in 1966, the 23-year-old Michael moved into his theatrical business. In 1969, he moved to London Management & Representation. Among the artists whom Grade represented were <a href="/wiki/Morecambe_and_Wise" title="Morecambe and Wise">Morecambe and Wise</a> (he successfully negotiated the duo's defection from <a href="/wiki/Associated_Television" title="Associated Television">ATV</a> to <a href="/wiki/BBC2" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC2">BBC2</a> in 1968) and <a href="/wiki/Larry_Grayson" title="Larry Grayson">Larry Grayson</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="LWT">LWT</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Grade&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: LWT" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Grade entered the television industry in 1973 when he joined <a href="/wiki/London_Weekend_Television" title="London Weekend Television">London Weekend Television</a> (LWT) as deputy controller of programmes (entertainment).<a href="#cite_note-Newcomb-5">[5]</a> During this time he bought the scripts of an African-American sitcom <a href="/wiki/Good_Times" title="Good Times">Good Times</a> which had an all-black cast.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> Adapted as <a href="/wiki/The_Fosters_(1976_TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Fosters (1976 TV series)">The Fosters</a> (1976–1977), it became the first British sitcom to have an entirely black cast. At LWT, Grade worked with both <a href="/wiki/John_Birt" class="mw-redirect" title="John Birt">John Birt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Greg_Dyke" title="Greg Dyke">Greg Dyke</a>. After he became director of programmes in 1977, Grade commissioned the series <a href="/wiki/Mind_Your_Language" title="Mind Your Language">Mind Your Language</a>, but later cancelled it. At an event at the <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_International_Television_Festival" title="Edinburgh International Television Festival">Edinburgh Television Festival</a> in 1985, he agreed that the series was racist, and said that "it was really irresponsible of us to put it out".<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> In what was termed 'Snatch of the Day' by the press in 1978, Grade attempted the acquisition of exclusive screening rights to <a href="/wiki/The_Football_League" class="mw-redirect" title="The Football League">Football League</a> matches. Previously the BBC had held the more desirable rights, but the <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Fair_Trading" title="Office of Fair Trading">Office of Fair Trading</a> intervened, and Grade's purchase was revoked. The package of recorded highlights on Saturday evenings now alternates each season between ITV and the BBC.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> Also in 1978, Grade managed to place under contract the entertainer <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Forsyth" title="Bruce Forsyth">Bruce Forsyth</a> who had helped the BBC to dominate the Saturday evening television ratings through the decade via <a href="/wiki/The_Generation_Game" title="The Generation Game">The Generation Game</a> series. His new vehicle was titled Bruce Forsyth's Big Night and was intended to feature all his talents in one programme lasting two hours. The budget was £2million for a fourteen-week run.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> The new series was considered a disaster, with the press turning against the host, but did achieve an initial audience of 14 million.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> The Generation Game, with new host Larry Grayson, managed to achieve a larger audience.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> LWT's Big Night was not recommissioned. Grade announced at a press conference in May 1979 that LWT had secured a contract with a production company formed by television dramatist <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Potter" title="Dennis Potter">Dennis Potter</a> and his producer <a href="/wiki/Kenith_Trodd" title="Kenith Trodd">Kenith Trodd</a>.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> The corporate association proved short-lived, with both sides having insufficient experience for budgeting drama shot on film, and was terminated by Grade in the summer of 1980.<a href="#cite_note-Cook194-13">[13]</a> Only three of what had been projected as six filmed plays by Potter were shot and screened.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> Grade though, was directly involved with some of the playwright's later commissions. Grade approved production of <a href="/wiki/The_Professionals_(TV_series)" title="The Professionals (TV series)">The Professionals</a> and initiated the long-running arts' programme <a href="/wiki/The_South_Bank_Show" title="The South Bank Show">The South Bank Show</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Mason-15">[15]</a> In 1981, Grade left LWT to begin a two-year period as the president of <a href="/wiki/Embassy_Television" class="mw-redirect" title="Embassy Television">Embassy Television</a> in the United States. In The Times he was quoted as stating, "It is a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity; it is, if you like, a gamble I want to take".<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> His pay rose from £32,000 to $250,000 per annum.<a href="#cite_note-Gibson-17">[17]</a> During this time he was largely involved in developing and selling sitcoms in this period: "When you read 30 or 40 comedy scripts a week, you get a bit barking."<a href="#cite_note-Freedland-3">[3]</a> Grade also produced a series for the only time in his career, a nine-part adaptation of <a href="/wiki/Kane_and_Abel_(novel)" title="Kane and Abel (novel)">Kane and Abel</a>, the novel by <a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Archer" title="Jeffrey Archer">Jeffrey Archer</a>. In a <a href="/wiki/The_Jewish_Chronicle" title="The Jewish Chronicle">Jewish Chronicle</a> interview with <a href="/wiki/Michael_Freedland" title="Michael Freedland">Michael Freedland</a> in 2011, Grade said he had "missed public service broadcasting, real drama, news, current affairs".<a href="#cite_note-Freedland-3">[3]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="BBC">BBC</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Grade&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: BBC" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> In early summer 1984, <a href="/wiki/Bill_Cotton" title="Bill Cotton">Bill Cotton</a> recruited Grade for <a href="/wiki/BBC_Television" title="BBC Television">BBC Television</a>,<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> where he became controller of <a href="/wiki/BBC_One" title="BBC One">BBC 1</a> on 1 September 1984,<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> taking, as he told Michael Freedland, "the biggest pay cut in history"; his salary went down from $500,000, excluding large bonuses, to £37,000 a year.<a href="#cite_note-Freedland-3">[3]</a> Later he became director of programmes in 1986,<a href="#cite_note-Newcomb-5">[5]</a> and managing director designate in 1987, before leaving the BBC at the end of 1987. His three-year tenure as a BBC controller was controversial. Grade cancelled the rights to screen <a href="/wiki/Dallas_(1978_TV_series)" title="Dallas (1978 TV series)">Dallas</a> while fighting <a href="/wiki/Thames_Television" title="Thames Television">Thames Television</a> for the rights to the series (although this decision was subsequently reversed). He cut short the expensive serialisation of <a href="/wiki/The_Tripods" title="The Tripods">The Tripods</a> trilogy, written by <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Youd" class="mw-redirect" title="Samuel Youd">John Christopher</a>, because he was dissatisfied with the ratings it had achieved after two series. He also considered cancelling the sitcom <a href="/wiki/Blackadder" title="Blackadder">Blackadder</a>, judging the first series to be unfunny.<a href="#cite_note-Gibson-17">[17]</a> In exchange for renewing Blackadder, he required that it become a wholly studio-based production on a lower budget.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> Grade agreed to commission <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Potter" title="Dennis Potter">Dennis Potter</a>'s serial <a href="/wiki/The_Singing_Detective" title="The Singing Detective">The Singing Detective</a> (1986) after a brief meeting with <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Powell_(producer)" title="Jonathan Powell (producer)">Jonathan Powell</a>, then the BBC's head of drama.<a href="#cite_note-Midgley-22">[22]</a> It was a highlight of this period, but came under criticism from <a href="/wiki/Mary_Whitehouse" title="Mary Whitehouse">Mary Whitehouse</a> and the tabloid press for its content.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> Referring to the depiction of an illicit sexual encounter in episode three, Grade said: "There are very few people in television drama that you are prepared to trust with scenes like this. But Dennis Potter is one of them".<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> During his time as controller, Grade was also responsible for purchasing the Australian soap opera <a href="/wiki/Neighbours" title="Neighbours">Neighbours</a> for BBC1's new <a href="/wiki/Daytime_television" title="Daytime television">daytime</a> schedule; it debuted on British television on 27 October 1986. He was also responsible for repeating Neighbours, at first exclusively an afternoon programme, in a later <a href="/wiki/Timeslot" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeslot">timeslot</a> (on the advice of his daughter, Alison, who was annoyed that she could not watch it because she was at school). This proved to be a successful scheduling decision, with audiences in excess of 18 million for the new 5.35 pm broadcasts. Other successes during Grade's tenure included the debut of soap operas <a href="/wiki/EastEnders" title="EastEnders">EastEnders</a> and <a href="/wiki/Howards%27_Way" title="Howards' Way">Howards' Way</a> in 1985 and the hospital drama <a href="/wiki/Casualty_(TV_series)" title="Casualty (TV series)">Casualty</a> in 1986. He was also praised by <a href="/wiki/Bob_Geldof" title="Bob Geldof">Bob Geldof</a> for agreeing to broadcast the charity rock concert <a href="/wiki/Live_Aid" title="Live Aid">Live Aid</a> for 24 hours.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> In November 1984 he decided to end screening <a href="/wiki/Beauty_pageants" class="mw-redirect" title="Beauty pageants">beauty pageants</a>, stating, "I believe these contests no longer merit national air time. They are an anachronism in this day and age of equality and verging on the offensive."<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Doctor_Who_controversy">Doctor Who controversy</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Grade&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Doctor Who controversy" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Grade announced on 27 February 1985 that <a href="/wiki/Doctor_Who_(season_23)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doctor Who (season 23)">season 23</a> of <a href="/wiki/Doctor_Who" title="Doctor Who">Doctor Who</a>, which was scheduled to be transmitted from January to March 1986, would be postponed as he had decided that the programme's budget would be better spent on other drama productions.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> What became an 18-month hiatus for Doctor Who (the series did not resume transmission until September 1986) prompted a strong reaction from viewers. Grade was also noted for his strong dislike of the series, such as in an interview in 2004, where he said: "I thought it was horrible, awful. I thought it was so outdated. It was just a little show for a few pointy head Doctor Who fans. It was also very violent and it had lost its magic".<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> In an appearance on the BBC's <a href="/wiki/Room_101_(British_TV_series)" title="Room 101 (British TV series)">Room 101</a> in 2002, Grade chose the series as one of his hates, criticised its production values and said that he had little interest in, or sympathy for, science fiction. <a href="/wiki/Eric_Saward" title="Eric Saward">Eric Saward</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Script_editor" title="Script editor">script editor</a> of Doctor Who at the time of its suspension, responded to Grade's criticism a few years later. In his view, Grade's comments were unfair because he was in the position to allocate more resources to the programme and thus improve its quality.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> Actress <a href="/wiki/Katy_Manning" title="Katy Manning">Katy Manning</a>, who had portrayed <a href="/wiki/Jo_Grant" title="Jo Grant">a companion</a> of <a href="/wiki/Jon_Pertwee" title="Jon Pertwee">Jon Pertwee</a>'s Doctor, praised Grade's treatment of the series on the DVD commentary for <a href="/wiki/The_Mind_of_Evil" title="The Mind of Evil">The Mind of Evil</a> (1971). In her view, Grade "was actually doing the right thing", and she credited the long break prior to 2005 with rejuvenating the series.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> The decision in the autumn of 1986 that <a href="/wiki/Doctor_Who_(season_24)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doctor Who (season 24)">season 24</a> of Doctor Who could only happen on the condition that <a href="/wiki/Colin_Baker" title="Colin Baker">Colin Baker</a> was removed from the <a href="/wiki/The_Doctor_(Doctor_Who)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Doctor (Doctor Who)">title role</a> has been attributed to Grade, with him reportedly describing Baker's portrayal as "absolutely God-awful". It has also been suggested that Grade was influenced by a romantic relationship with Baker's ex-wife, <a href="/wiki/Liza_Goddard" title="Liza Goddard">Liza Goddard</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Telegraph-31">[31]</a> In 2022, Grade denied both that the decision to fire Baker was his and any personal relationship with Goddard.<a href="#cite_note-Conversation-32">[32]</a> Baker's immediate predecessor in the role, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Davison" title="Peter Davison">Peter Davison</a>, argued in 2018 that the decision to dismiss the actor was more to do with the executives wanting to get rid of the series' producer, <a href="/wiki/John_Nathan-Turner" title="John Nathan-Turner">John Nathan-Turner</a>, saying: "I was upset about what happened, really – because, first of all, it wasn't to do with Colin, I know that. It was to do with other issues. The power structure in the BBC had changed and they didn't want John Nathan-Turner around is the truth of it."<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> Following the end of the <a href="/wiki/Doctor_Who_(2005)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doctor Who (2005)">first series</a> of the revived Doctor Who in 2005, Grade wrote a letter to <a href="/wiki/Mark_Thompson_(television_executive)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mark Thompson (television executive)">Mark Thompson</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Director-General_of_the_BBC" title="Director-General of the BBC">Director-General of the BBC</a>, congratulating all involved in the production on its success, signing-off with "PS never dreamed I would ever write this. Must be going soft!"<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> In an interview for <a href="/wiki/Radio_Times" title="Radio Times">Radio Times</a> in 2012, Grade commented: "From clunky <a href="/wiki/Dalek" title="Dalek">Daleks</a> that couldn't go up and down stairs to the filmic qualities today of Doctor Who, it's a transformation... The show still leaves me cold, but I admire it, which I never did before."<a href="#cite_note-Midgley-22">[22]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Channel_4">Channel 4</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Grade&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Channel 4" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Grade left the BBC in 1987 after an unsuccessful application to succeed <a href="/wiki/Alasdair_Milne" title="Alasdair Milne">Alasdair Milne</a> as director-general and a conflict with the corporation's new deputy director-general, <a href="/wiki/John_Birt" class="mw-redirect" title="John Birt">John Birt</a>, a former friend and colleague at London Weekend Television.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> He accepted the post of chief executive of <a href="/wiki/Channel_4" title="Channel 4">Channel 4</a>, succeeding <a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Isaacs" title="Jeremy Isaacs">Jeremy Isaacs</a>, and took up his position at the beginning of 1988.<a href="#cite_note-Newcomb-5">[5]</a> Isaacs criticised Grade's appointment and threatened to "throttle" Grade if the nature of the channel was altered.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> Grade phased out some of its more high-brow programming, for which he was accused of "<a href="/wiki/Dumbing_down" title="Dumbing down">dumbing down</a>". His 1991 decision to axe the long-running and widely admired discussion series <a href="/wiki/After_Dark_(TV_programme)" title="After Dark (TV programme)">After Dark</a> is detailed <a href="/wiki/After_Dark_(TV_programme)#Channel_4_axing" title="After Dark (TV programme)">here</a>. Grade stated that in the same week that he moved to Channel 4, it had shown a repeat of the 1984 adaptation of <a href="/wiki/The_Far_Pavilions" title="The Far Pavilions">The Far Pavilions</a>, featuring American actress <a href="/wiki/Amy_Irving" title="Amy Irving">Amy Irving</a> "<a href="/wiki/Blackface" title="Blackface">blacked up</a>" as an Indian princess. During this period, he was also criticised by the conservative press: <a href="/wiki/Daily_Mail" title="Daily Mail">Daily Mail</a> columnist <a href="/wiki/Paul_Johnson_(writer)" title="Paul Johnson (writer)">Paul Johnson</a> dubbed him Britain's "<a href="/wiki/Pornography" title="Pornography">pornographer</a>-in-chief".<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> In addition to securing talent from the BBC, Grade recognised the improving quality of US television output, making series such as <a href="/wiki/Friends" title="Friends">Friends</a> and <a href="/wiki/ER_(TV_series)" title="ER (TV series)">ER</a> the mainstays of the channel's schedule. In 1994, while at Channel 4, he was awarded the <a href="/wiki/BAFTA" class="mw-redirect" title="BAFTA">BAFTA</a> fellowship in recognition of "an exceptional contribution" to television.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> In 1997, Grade became involved in a dispute with <a href="/wiki/Chris_Morris_(satirist)" title="Chris Morris (satirist)">Chris Morris</a> regarding the satire <a href="/wiki/Brass_Eye" title="Brass Eye">Brass Eye</a> after repeatedly intervening in the production to order edits to various episodes, and rescheduling some instalments for sensitivity. Morris responded by inserting a frame stating "Grade is a cunt" into the final episode of the first run.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> In the same year, Grade left Channel 4 to head <a href="/wiki/First_Leisure_Corporation" title="First Leisure Corporation">First Leisure Corporation</a> but departed two years later following a substantial internal re-structuring. His next job was as the chairman of the new Pinewood and Shepperton film studios company. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Return_to_the_BBC">Return to the BBC</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Grade&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Return to the BBC" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Grade was on the board of the poorly received <a href="/wiki/Millennium_Dome" title="Millennium Dome">Millennium Dome</a> project, and has served as chairman of Octopus Publishing, the <a href="/wiki/Camelot_Group" title="Camelot Group">Camelot Group</a>, and Hemscott (a position that he intends to relinquish). He had ambitions to become chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Board_of_Governors_of_the_BBC" title="Board of Governors of the BBC">BBC board of governors</a> in 2001, but was beaten to the post by <a href="/wiki/Gavyn_Davies" title="Gavyn Davies">Gavyn Davies</a>. Following Davies' resignation in the aftermath of the <a href="/wiki/Hutton_Inquiry" title="Hutton Inquiry">Hutton Inquiry</a> report, it was announced on 2 April 2004 that Grade had been appointed BBC chairman; his only demand was that he would not have to give up his job as a director of <a href="/wiki/Charlton_Athletic_F.C." title="Charlton Athletic F.C.">Charlton Athletic F.C.</a> He took up his post on 17 May. On 19 September 2006, Grade became non-executive chairman of online food delivery company <a href="/wiki/Ocado" title="Ocado">Ocado</a>.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> He resigned<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> from the role on 23 January 2013, after which he was replaced by <a href="/wiki/Sir_Stuart_Rose" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Stuart Rose">Sir Stuart Rose</a>.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ITV">ITV</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Grade&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: ITV" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> On 28 November 2006, Grade and the BBC confirmed that he was to resign from his position within the corporation to replace <a href="/wiki/Sir_Peter_Burt" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Peter Burt">Sir Peter Burt</a> as chairman, and <a href="/wiki/Charles_Allen,_Baron_Allen_of_Kensington" title="Charles Allen, Baron Allen of Kensington">Charles Allen</a> as chief executive, of one of the companies forming part of its commercial rival, <a href="/wiki/ITV_(TV_network)" title="ITV (TV network)">ITV</a>. He became executive chairman of <a href="/wiki/ITV_plc" title="ITV plc">ITV plc</a> on 8 January 2007. During Grade's tenure, ITV struggled with falling advertising revenue and viewing figures. Upon appointment, Grade announced that his first priority would be to work as a senior partner at ITV Network Limited to improve ITV programming, as well as strengthen its digital channels, <a href="/wiki/ITV2" title="ITV2">ITV2</a>, <a href="/wiki/ITV3" title="ITV3">ITV3</a>, <a href="/wiki/ITV4" title="ITV4">ITV4</a> and <a href="/wiki/CITV" title="CITV">CITV</a>. On 12 September 2007, Grade announced a controversial five-year re-structuring plan for ITV plc-owned regions,<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> selecting entertainment as the top priority. A major overhaul of ITV plc's regional structure was also proposed.<a href="#cite_note-Guardian2-47">[47]</a> The plans would result in the consolidation of the ITV regional news programmes in England, with regions now broadcasting a single service per region rather than multiple, specialised, local services (for example, <a href="/wiki/Yorkshire_Television" class="mw-redirect" title="Yorkshire Television">ITV Yorkshire</a> would no longer broadcast in separate northern and southern regions). They would also merge fully <a href="/wiki/Border_Television" class="mw-redirect" title="Border Television">ITV Border</a> with <a href="/wiki/Tyne_Tees_Television" class="mw-redirect" title="Tyne Tees Television">ITV Tyne Tees</a>, and <a href="/wiki/ITV_Wales_%26_West" title="ITV Wales & West">ITV West</a> with <a href="/wiki/Westcountry_Television" class="mw-redirect" title="Westcountry Television">ITV Westcountry</a>, effectively ending two regions' tenure as independent players within ITV; the proposals have been criticised by <a href="/wiki/BECTU" class="mw-redirect" title="BECTU">BECTU</a> and the <a href="/wiki/National_Union_of_Journalists" title="National Union of Journalists">National Union of Journalists</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Guardian2-47">[47]</a> Any such changes would be subject to approval by <a href="/wiki/Ofcom" title="Ofcom">Ofcom</a>. In March 2009, Grade initiated libel action against another television executive, <a href="/wiki/Greg_Dyke" title="Greg Dyke">Greg Dyke</a>, and <a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a> newspaper over allegations of improper conduct made by Dyke about Grade, relating to his move from the BBC to ITV in 2006. The newspaper subsequently withdrew the allegations and published an apology, admitting that the allegations had no justification.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> On 23 April 2009, Grade announced he would be stepping down as chief executive to become non-executive chairman at the conclusion of regulatory reviews into advertising contract rights and digital TV, at some point before the end of 2009.<a href="#cite_note-BBC2009stepdown-1">[1]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Peerage">Peerage</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Grade&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Peerage" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Grade revealed his membership of the <a href="/wiki/UK_Conservative_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="UK Conservative Party">Conservative Party</a> for the first time in May 2010.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> On 25 January 2011, he was created a <a href="/wiki/Life_peer" title="Life peer">life peer</a>, as Baron Grade of Yarmouth, of <a href="/wiki/Yarmouth,_Isle_of_Wight" title="Yarmouth, Isle of Wight">Yarmouth</a> in the County of Isle of Wight.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> He was introduced in the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords" title="House of Lords">House of Lords</a> on 27 January<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> and sat as a Conservative until moving to the crossbenches as part of his role as chairman of Ofcom, conditions of appointment effective from 1 May 2022.<a href="#cite_note-:0-2">[2]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ofcom">Ofcom</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Grade&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Ofcom" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> On 2 April 2022, it was announced by the government that Grade would take up his four year appointment as chairman of <a href="/wiki/Ofcom" title="Ofcom">Ofcom</a> effective from 1 May 2022.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-:0-2">[2]</a> Following misinformation preceding the <a href="/wiki/2024_United_Kingdom_riots" title="2024 United Kingdom riots">2024 United Kingdom riots</a>, Grade received criticism for Ofcom's failure to properly respond to rulebreaking behaviour by outlets such as GB News, "while continuing to enforce [rules] against less partisan media."<a href="#cite_note-MonbiotGuardian-53">[53]</a> Noting Grade's public approval of <a href="/wiki/Laurence_Fox" title="Laurence Fox">Laurence Fox</a> on BBC's Question Time<a href="#cite_note-PearsonHalliganTelegraph-54">[54]</a> , concerns were raised about Ofcom's impartiality under his leadership.<a href="#cite_note-MonbiotGuardian-53">[53]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Grade&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Personal life" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> Grade was appointed a <a href="/wiki/Commander_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Commander of the Order of the British Empire">Commander of the Order of the British Empire</a> in 1998.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> That same year, he published his <a href="/wiki/Autobiography" title="Autobiography">autobiography</a>, It Seemed Like a Good Idea at the Time, and married his third wife, Francesca Leahy; they have a son, Samuel. He was previously married to Penelope Jane Levinson (1967–1981) (she later married writer and historian <a href="/wiki/Sir_Max_Hastings" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Max Hastings">Sir Max Hastings</a>), by whom he has two children, and <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Lawson_(producer)" title="Sarah Lawson (producer)">Sarah Lawson</a> (1982–1991), a film producer. Grade is a fan of <a href="/wiki/Charlton_Athletic_F.C." title="Charlton Athletic F.C.">Charlton Athletic F.C.</a><a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="max-width: 100%"> <caption class="nowrap">Coat of arms of Michael Grade </caption> <tbody><tr> <td style="min-width:175px;"> <dl><dt>Crest</dt> <dd>Rising from the top of a lighthoyse Argent irradiated Or a martlet Azure.</dd> <dt>Escutcheon</dt> <dd>Per chevron grady Argent and Azure in base a lighthouse between two sails issuing in base Argent and in chief two masks that to the dexter of comedy and that to the sinister of tragedy Azure.</dd> <dt>Supporters</dt> <dd>Dexter a sea lion sinister a sea horse both Azure with the piscine parts Argent resting on a lightning flash Or.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a></dd></dl> </td></tr></tbody></table> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><h2 id="References">References</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Grade&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-BBC2009stepdown-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BBC2009stepdown_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBC2009stepdown_1-1">b</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/8013801.stm">"Grade to step down as ITV chief"</a>. BBC News. 23 April 2009. Retrieved 23 April 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Grade+to+step+down+as+ITV+chief&rft.date=2009-04-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fbusiness%2F8013801.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Grade" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.uk/government/news/lord-grade-is-confirmed-as-the-new-ofcom-chair">"Lord Grade is confirmed as the new Ofcom Chair"</a>. GOV.UK. Retrieved 3 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GOV.UK&rft.atitle=Lord+Grade+is+confirmed+as+the+new+Ofcom+Chair&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.uk%2Fgovernment%2Fnews%2Flord-grade-is-confirmed-as-the-new-ofcom-chair&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Grade" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Freedland-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Freedland_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Freedland_3-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Freedland_3-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Freedland_3-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Freedland_3-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thejc.com/life-and-culture/interview-michael-grade-two0vkxx">"Interview: Michael Grade"</a>. The Jewish Chronicle. Retrieved 20 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Jewish+Chronicle&rft.atitle=Interview%3A+Michael+Grade&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thejc.com%2Flife-and-culture%2Finterview-michael-grade-two0vkxx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Grade" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-transdiffusion-4"><a href="#cite_ref-transdiffusion_4-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGlenn_Aylett" class="citation web cs1">Glenn Aylett. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111011101447/http://www.transdiffusion.org/emc/tvheroes/michael_grade.php">"Michael Grade – the most popular media mogul in Britain"</a>. Transdiffusion.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.transdiffusion.org/emc/tvheroes/michael_grade.php">the original</a> on 11 October 2011. Retrieved 6 November 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Transdiffusion.org&rft.atitle=Michael+Grade+%E2%80%93+the+most+popular+media+mogul+in+Britain&rft.au=Glenn+Aylett&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.transdiffusion.org%2Femc%2Ftvheroes%2Fmichael_grade.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Grade" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Newcomb-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Newcomb_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Newcomb_5-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Newcomb_5-2">c</a> Steve Bryant "Grade, Michael (1943– )" in Horace Newcomb (ed.) Encyclopedia of Television], Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn, 2004, pp. 1020–21 </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> Howard Malchow <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=l8xT0epJ5OoC&pg=PA189">Special Relations: The Americanization of Britain?</a>, Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2011, p.189 </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> Sarita Malik <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kY_xA-5d1VkC&pg=PA97">Representing Black Britain: Black and Asian Images on Television</a>, Thousand Oaks, California: Sage, 2002, p.97 </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> Tim Bradford <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=an7Vc7XIXsYC&pg=PT822">When Saturday Comes</a>, London: Penguin, 2005, pp. 882–83 </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> Jules Stenson <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=i_gpoToGeywC&pg=PT91">Brucie: The Biography of Sir Bruce Forsyth</a>, London: John Blake Publishing, p.88 </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> Bruce Forsyth <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XcYLmLuXxYMC&pg=PP198&lpg=PP198">Bruce: The Autobiography</a>, London: Pan, 2001, p.198 </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> Joe Moran <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sfZEAAAAQBAJ&pg=PT195">Armchair Nation: An intimate history of Britain in front of the TV</a>, London: Profile Books, 2013, p.195 </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> John R. Cook <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JXi7AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA102">Dennis Potter: A Life on Screen</a>, Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1998, pp. 102–3 </li> <li id="cite_note-Cook194-13"><a href="#cite_ref-Cook194_13-0">^</a> Cook Dennis Potter, pp. 194–97 </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> Humphrey Carpenter Dennis Potter, London: Faber, 1999 [1998], p.394 </li> <li id="cite_note-Mason-15"><a href="#cite_ref-Mason_15-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRowena2009" class="citation news cs1">Rowena, Mason (23 April 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/mediatechnologyandtelecoms/5206668/Michael-Grade-at-ITV-it-seemed-like-a-good-idea-at-the-time.html">"Michael Grade at ITV: it seemed like a good idea at the time"</a>. The Telegraph. Retrieved 27 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Michael+Grade+at+ITV%3A+it+seemed+like+a+good+idea+at+the+time&rft.date=2009-04-23&rft.aulast=Rowena&rft.aufirst=Mason&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Ffinance%2Fnewsbysector%2Fmediatechnologyandtelecoms%2F5206668%2FMichael-Grade-at-ITV-it-seemed-like-a-good-idea-at-the-time.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Grade" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGosling1981" class="citation news cs1">Gosling, Kenneth (22 September 1981). "American TV post for Michael Grade". The Times. p. 12.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=American+TV+post+for+Michael+Grade&rft.pages=12&rft.date=1981-09-22&rft.aulast=Gosling&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Grade" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gibson-17">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gibson_17-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gibson_17-1">b</a> Janine Gibson and Maggie Brown <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/media/2004/apr/03/broadcasting.politicsandthemedia3">"Amid the suits, a man who stands out"</a>, The Guardian, 3 April 2004 </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeigh2008" class="citation web cs1">Leigh, Spencer (13 August 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/sir-bill-cotton-television-executive-who-brought-some-of-the-bbc-s-most-popular-programmes-to-the-screen-892826.html">"Sir Bill Cotton: Television executive who brought some of the BBC's most popular programmes to the screen"</a>. The Independent. Retrieved 5 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Sir+Bill+Cotton%3A+Television+executive+who+brought+some+of+the+BBC%27s+most+popular+programmes+to+the+screen&rft.date=2008-08-13&rft.aulast=Leigh&rft.aufirst=Spencer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fobituaries%2Fsir-bill-cotton-television-executive-who-brought-some-of-the-bbc-s-most-popular-programmes-to-the-screen-892826.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Grade" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> Top job for Grade at BBC 1: The Times (London, England), Thursday, 31 May 1984 </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> Early-evening ratings war likely if BBC replaces 'Sixty Minutes. Hewson, David The Times (London, England), Wednesday, 6 June 1984, p.3. </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> Mark Lewisohn <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050408060711/http://www.bbc.co.uk/comedy/guide/articles/b/blackadderii_7770765.shtml">"Blackadder II"</a>. Archived from the original on 8 April 2005. Retrieved 8 April 2005.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Blackadder+II&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fcomedy%2Fguide%2Farticles%2Fb%2Fblackadderii_7770765.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Grade" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">link</a>), BBC Guide to Comedy (c.2003) via the Wayback Machine </li> <li id="cite_note-Midgley-22">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Midgley_22-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Midgley_22-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMidgley2012" class="citation magazine cs1">Midgley, Neil (2 April 2012). "Michael Grade: 'I think the BBC has become too bureaucratic'". Radio Times.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radio+Times&rft.atitle=Michael+Grade%3A+%27I+think+the+BBC+has+become+too+bureaucratic%27&rft.date=2012-04-02&rft.aulast=Midgley&rft.aufirst=Neil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Grade" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> Carpenetr Dennis Potter, pp. 455–56 </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> Cited in Cook Dennis Potter: A Life on Screen, p.242 </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPlummer2015" class="citation web cs1">Plummer, John (17 December 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thirdsector.co.uk/michael-grade-right-man-sort-fundraising/fundraising/article/1376816">"Is Michael Grade the right man to sort out fundraising?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Third_Sector_(magazine)" title="Third Sector (magazine)">Third Sector</a>. Retrieved 11 June 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Third+Sector&rft.atitle=Is+Michael+Grade+the+right+man+to+sort+out+fundraising%3F&rft.date=2015-12-17&rft.aulast=Plummer&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thirdsector.co.uk%2Fmichael-grade-right-man-sort-fundraising%2Ffundraising%2Farticle%2F1376816&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Grade" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1984/11/18/arts/bbc-to-stop-televising-beauty-pageants.html">"BBC to Stop Televising Beauty Pageants"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. 18 November 1984. Retrieved 2 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=BBC+to+Stop+Televising+Beauty+Pageants&rft.date=1984-11-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1984%2F11%2F18%2Farts%2Fbbc-to-stop-televising-beauty-pageants.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Grade" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCook2012" class="citation news cs1">Cook, Stephen (28 February 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/theguardian/2012/feb/28/doctor-who-television">"From the archive, 28 February 1985: Doctor Who fans upset as BBC postpones new series"</a>. The Guardian.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=From+the+archive%2C+28+February+1985%3A+Doctor+Who+fans+upset+as+BBC+postpones+new+series&rft.date=2012-02-28&rft.aulast=Cook&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ftheguardian%2F2012%2Ffeb%2F28%2Fdoctor-who-television&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Grade" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/norfolk/content/articles/2005/04/25/feature_michael_grade_feature.shtml">"Michael Grade interview"</a>. BBC News. Retrieved 22 April 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Michael+Grade+interview&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnorfolk%2Fcontent%2Farticles%2F2005%2F04%2F25%2Ffeature_michael_grade_feature.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Grade" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> During the <a href="/wiki/Audio_commentary" title="Audio commentary">audio commentary</a> of the 2008 DVD of the Doctor Who serial <a href="/wiki/Warriors_of_the_Deep" title="Warriors of the Deep">Warriors of the Deep</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> Voice-over commentary on the BBC DVD "<a href="/wiki/The_Mind_of_Evil" title="The Mind of Evil">The Mind of Evil</a>" (1971, 2013) </li> <li id="cite_note-Telegraph-31"><a href="#cite_ref-Telegraph_31-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLangley2009" class="citation news cs1">Langley, William (3 January 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/comment/personal-view/3638380/He-eats-sleeps-and-breathes-television-and-at-last-hes-got-round-to-watching-some.html">"He eats, sleeps and breathes television – and at last he's got round to watching some"</a>. The Telegraph. Retrieved 12 January 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=He+eats%2C+sleeps+and+breathes+television+%E2%80%93+and+at+last+he%27s+got+round+to+watching+some&rft.date=2009-01-03&rft.aulast=Langley&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fcomment%2Fpersonal-view%2F3638380%2FHe-eats-sleeps-and-breathes-television-and-at-last-hes-got-round-to-watching-some.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Grade" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Conversation-32"><a href="#cite_ref-Conversation_32-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1">"Michael Grade in Conversation". Doctor Who: The Collection Season 22 (special feature). <a href="/wiki/BBC_Studios" title="BBC Studios">BBC Studios</a>. 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Doctor+Who%3A+The+Collection+Season+22&rft.pub=BBC+Studios&rft.date=2022&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Grade" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcEwan2018" class="citation web cs1">McEwan, Cameron K. (3 December 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.digitalspy.com/tv/a871595/peter-davison-doctor-who-exit-dodged-bullet/">"Doctor Who star Peter Davison thinks he 'dodged a bullet' by quitting when he did"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_Spy" title="Digital Spy">Digital Spy</a>. Retrieved 11 June 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Digital+Spy&rft.atitle=Doctor+Who+star+Peter+Davison+thinks+he+%27dodged+a+bullet%27+by+quitting+when+he+did&rft.date=2018-12-03&rft.aulast=McEwan&rft.aufirst=Cameron+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.digitalspy.com%2Ftv%2Fa871595%2Fpeter-davison-doctor-who-exit-dodged-bullet%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Grade" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDean2005" class="citation news cs1">Dean, Jason (22 June 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/uk_news/story/0,3604,1511605,00.html">"Doctor Who's greatest enemy finally surrenders"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. Retrieved 30 November 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Doctor+Who%27s+greatest+enemy+finally+surrenders&rft.date=2005-06-22&rft.aulast=Dean&rft.aufirst=Jason&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fuk_news%2Fstory%2F0%2C3604%2C1511605%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Grade" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBloss" class="citation web cs1">Bloss, Ann. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.screenonline.org.uk/people/id/1057617/index.html">"Grade, Michael (1943–)"</a>. Screenonline. Retrieved 29 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Screenonline&rft.atitle=Grade%2C+Michael+%281943%E2%80%93%29&rft.aulast=Bloss&rft.aufirst=Ann&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.screenonline.org.uk%2Fpeople%2Fid%2F1057617%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Grade" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> Howell Raines <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1987/12/20/arts/london-will-mrs-thatcher-squeeze-beeb-will-british-tv-be-americanized-stay-tuned.html">"London: Will Mrs. Thatcher Squeeze the Beeb? Will British TV Be Americanized? Stay Tuned . . . "</a>, The New York Times, 20 December 1987 </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurrell2004" class="citation web cs1">Burrell, Ian (27 March 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/michael-grade-has-his-time-finally-come-567811.html">"Michael Grade: Has his time finally come?"</a>. The Independent. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220512/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/michael-grade-has-his-time-finally-come-567811.html">Archived</a> from the original on 12 May 2022. Retrieved 3 May 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Michael+Grade%3A+Has+his+time+finally+come%3F&rft.date=2004-03-27&rft.aulast=Burrell&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fpeople%2Fprofiles%2Fmichael-grade-has-his-time-finally-come-567811.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Grade" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobinson2010" class="citation news cs1">Robinson, James (18 November 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/media/2010/nov/18/michael-grade-peerage">"Michael Grade in line for peerage"</a>. The Guardian. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. Retrieved 3 May 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Michael+Grade+in+line+for+peerage&rft.date=2010-11-18&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Robinson&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fmedia%2F2010%2Fnov%2F18%2Fmichael-grade-peerage&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Grade" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bafta.org/about/bafta-fellows">"Full List of BAFTA Fellows"</a>. bafta.org. 4 February 2020. Retrieved 29 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bafta.org&rft.atitle=Full+List+of+BAFTA+Fellows&rft.date=2020-02-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bafta.org%2Fabout%2Fbafta-fellows&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Grade" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDowell2009" class="citation web cs1">Dowell, Ben (23 April 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/media/gallery/2009/apr/23/michaelgrade-itv">"In pictures: Michael Grade's highs and lows"</a>. The Guardian. Retrieved 27 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=In+pictures%3A+Michael+Grade%27s+highs+and+lows&rft.date=2009-04-23&rft.aulast=Dowell&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fmedia%2Fgallery%2F2009%2Fapr%2F23%2Fmichaelgrade-itv&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Grade" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMesure2006" class="citation news cs1">Mesure, Susie (20 September 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/news/grade-takes-chair-at-ocado-amid-float-talk-416744.html">"Grade takes chair at Ocado amid float talk"</a>. The Independent. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220512/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/news/grade-takes-chair-at-ocado-amid-float-talk-416744.html">Archived</a> from the original on 12 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Grade+takes+chair+at+Ocado+amid+float+talk&rft.date=2006-09-20&rft.aulast=Mesure&rft.aufirst=Susie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fbusiness%2Fnews%2Fgrade-takes-chair-at-ocado-amid-float-talk-416744.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Grade" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/ocado-chairman-idUSL6N0AQEX820130121">"Michael Grade to step down as Ocado chairman"</a>. Reuters. 21 January 2013. Retrieved 22 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Michael+Grade+to+step+down+as+Ocado+chairman&rft.date=2013-01-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Focado-chairman-idUSL6N0AQEX820130121&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Grade" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRuddick2013" class="citation news cs1">Ruddick, Graham (22 January 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/retailandconsumer/9817103/Michael-Grade-to-step-down-from-Ocado.html">"Michael Grade to step down from Ocado"</a>. The Telegraph.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Michael+Grade+to+step+down+from+Ocado&rft.date=2013-01-22&rft.aulast=Ruddick&rft.aufirst=Graham&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Ffinance%2Fnewsbysector%2Fretailandconsumer%2F9817103%2FMichael-Grade-to-step-down-from-Ocado.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Grade" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-01-22/ocado-appoints-rose-to-succeed-michael-grade-as-chairman.html">"Ocado Appoints Rose to Succeed Michael Grade as Chairman"</a>. Bloomberg. 22 January 2013. Retrieved 8 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg&rft.atitle=Ocado+Appoints+Rose+to+Succeed+Michael+Grade+as+Chairman&rft.date=2013-01-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2F2013-01-22%2Focado-appoints-rose-to-succeed-michael-grade-as-chairman.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Grade" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSandle2013" class="citation news cs1">Sandle, Paul (21 January 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160305214617/http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-ocado-chairman-idUKBRE90K0WD20130121">"Michael Grade to step down as Ocado chairman – FT"</a>. Reuters. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-ocado-chairman-idUKBRE90K0WD20130121">the original</a> on 5 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Michael+Grade+to+step+down+as+Ocado+chairman+%E2%80%93+FT&rft.date=2013-01-21&rft.aulast=Sandle&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fuk.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fuk-ocado-chairman-idUKBRE90K0WD20130121&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Grade" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWearden2007" class="citation news cs1">Wearden, Graeme (12 September 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://media.guardian.co.uk/city/story/0,,2167318,00.html">"Content is king for ITV's five-year plan"</a>. The Guardian. Retrieved 27 September 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Content+is+king+for+ITV%27s+five-year+plan&rft.date=2007-09-12&rft.aulast=Wearden&rft.aufirst=Graeme&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmedia.guardian.co.uk%2Fcity%2Fstory%2F0%2C%2C2167318%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Grade" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Guardian2-47">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Guardian2_47-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Guardian2_47-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolmwood2007" class="citation news cs1">Holmwood, Leigh (12 September 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://media.guardian.co.uk/broadcast/story/0,,2167562,00.html">"Unions slam ITV regional cuts"</a>. The Guardian. Retrieved 27 September 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Unions+slam+ITV+regional+cuts&rft.date=2007-09-12&rft.aulast=Holmwood&rft.aufirst=Leigh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmedia.guardian.co.uk%2Fbroadcast%2Fstory%2F0%2C%2C2167562%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Grade" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDowell2009" class="citation news cs1">Dowell, Ben (1 May 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/media/2009/may/01/michael-grade-times-action-greg-dyke">"Michael Grade: I sued over Dyke piece to protect my reputation for honesty"</a>. The Guardian. Retrieved 12 May 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Michael+Grade%3A+I+sued+over+Dyke+piece+to+protect+my+reputation+for+honesty&rft.date=2009-05-01&rft.aulast=Dowell&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fmedia%2F2009%2Fmay%2F01%2Fmichael-grade-times-action-greg-dyke&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Grade" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrade2010" class="citation news cs1">Grade, Michael (4 May 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/impartiality-is-over-cameron-gets-my-vote-bnxp7vkq9jj">"Impartiality is over: Cameron gets my vote"</a>. The Times. Retrieved 29 November 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Impartiality+is+over%3A+Cameron+gets+my+vote&rft.date=2010-05-04&rft.aulast=Grade&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thetimes.co.uk%2Farticle%2Fimpartiality-is-over-cameron-gets-my-vote-bnxp7vkq9jj&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Grade" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette59685" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/59685/page/1561">"No. 59685"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_London_Gazette" title="The London Gazette">The London Gazette</a>. 31 January 2011. p. 1561.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+59685&rft.pages=1561&rft.date=2011-01-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F59685%2Fpage%2F1561&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Grade" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld201011/minutes/110126/ldordpap.htm">"House of Lords Business for 26 January 2011"</a>. Publications.parliament.uk. Retrieved 6 November 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=House+of+Lords+Business+for+26+January+2011&rft.pub=Publications.parliament.uk&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpublications.parliament.uk%2Fpa%2Fld201011%2Fminutes%2F110126%2Fldordpap.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Grade" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWaterson2022" class="citation news cs1">Waterson, Jim (24 March 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/media/2022/mar/24/government-picks-tory-peer-michael-grade-to-chair-ofcom">"Government picks Tory peer Michael Grade to chair Ofcom"</a>. The Guardian. Retrieved 25 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Government+picks+Tory+peer+Michael+Grade+to+chair+Ofcom&rft.date=2022-03-24&rft.aulast=Waterson&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fmedia%2F2022%2Fmar%2F24%2Fgovernment-picks-tory-peer-michael-grade-to-chair-ofcom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Grade" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-MonbiotGuardian-53">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MonbiotGuardian_53-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MonbiotGuardian_53-1">b</a> Monbiot, George (06 August 2024) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/article/2024/aug/06/riots-thuggery-14-years-tory-race-baiting">"These riots are more than thuggery: they’re the outcome of 14 years of Tory race-baiting"</a>. The Guardian. Retrieved 07 August 2024. </li> <li id="cite_note-PearsonHalliganTelegraph-54"><a href="#cite_ref-PearsonHalliganTelegraph_54-0">^</a> Allison Pearson, Liam Halligan, and Rhys Gunter (25 February 2021), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2021/02/25/rarely-cheer-television-cheered-laurence-fox-question-time-says/">"I rarely cheer at the television, but I cheered Laurence Fox on Question Time, says former BBC Chairman"</a> The Telegraph. </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette54993" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/54993/supplement/9">"No. 54993"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_London_Gazette" title="The London Gazette">The London Gazette</a> (Supplement). 31 December 1997. p. 9.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+54993&rft.pages=9&rft.date=1997-12-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F54993%2Fsupplement%2F9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Grade" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090609165038/http://www.itv.com/Sport/Football/News/FACup/Manualstories/ITVFACupstatement/default.html">"ITV FA Cup statement"</a>. Itv.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.itv.com/Sport/Football/News/FACup/Manualstories/ITVFACupstatement/default.html">the original</a> on 9 June 2009. Retrieved 6 November 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Itv.com&rft.atitle=ITV+FA+Cup+statement&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.itv.com%2FSport%2FFootball%2FNews%2FFACup%2FManualstories%2FITVFACupstatement%2Fdefault.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Grade" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Debrett's Peerage. 2019. p. 2780.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Debrett%27s+Peerage&rft.pages=2780&rft.date=2019&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Grade" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Grade&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0333529/">Michael Grade</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.screenonline.org.uk/people/id/1057617/">Michael Grade biography</a> at the <a href="/wiki/British_Film_Institute" title="British Film Institute">BFI</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Screenonline" title="Screenonline">Screenonline</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sounds.bl.uk/View.aspx?item=024M-C1142X000243-0100V0.xml">Michael Grade Interview</a> – <a href="/wiki/British_Library" title="British Library">British Library</a> sound recording</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_News_Online" title="BBC News Online">BBC News Online</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/6190116.stm">Michael Grade Profile</a></li> <li>BBC News Online: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/6189994.stm">"Grade Goes Commercial Again"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daily_Telegraph" class="mw-redirect" title="Daily Telegraph">Daily Telegraph</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080305221124/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2006/11/27/cnitv128.xml">"Grade Defects to ITV"</a></li> <li>BBC News Online: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3591985.stm">"Michael Grade is New BBC Chairman"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_Times" title="Financial Times">Financial Times</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/cms/s/9500944c-7eba-11db-b193-0000779e2340.html">Grade's Letter to Staff and BBC Response</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Online" title="BBC Online">BBC Online</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2006/11_november/28/grade.shtml">BBC Press Release</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #8FBC8F;">Media offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Alan_Hart_(television_executive)" title="Alan Hart (television executive)">Alan Hart</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> Controller of <a href="/wiki/BBC1" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC1">BBC1</a> 1984–1987 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Powell_(producer)" title="Jonathan Powell (producer)">Jonathan Powell</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Isaacs" title="Jeremy Isaacs">Jeremy Isaacs</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> Chief Executive of <a href="/wiki/Channel_4" title="Channel 4">Channel 4</a> 1987–1997 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Jackson_(television_executive)" title="Michael Jackson (television executive)">Michael Jackson</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Ryder,_Baron_Ryder_of_Wensum" title="Richard Ryder, Baron Ryder of Wensum">The Lord Ryder of Wensum</a> Acting</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_BBC" class="mw-redirect" title="Chairman of the BBC">Chairman of the Board of Governors of the BBC</a> 2004–2006 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Salz" title="Anthony Salz">Anthony Salz</a> Acting</div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Sir_Peter_Burt" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Peter Burt">Sir Peter Burt</a> As non-executive chairman <a href="/wiki/Charles_Allen,_Baron_Allen_of_Kensington" title="Charles Allen, Baron Allen of Kensington">Charles Allen</a> As chief executive</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> Executive Chairman of <a href="/wiki/ITV_plc" title="ITV plc">ITV plc</a> 2007–2009 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Archie_Norman_(businessman)" class="mw-redirect" title="Archie Norman (businessman)">Archie Norman</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cfc;"><a href="/wiki/Orders_of_precedence_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Orders of precedence in the United Kingdom">Orders of precedence in the United Kingdom</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/George_Magan,_Baron_Magan_of_Castletown" title="George Magan, Baron Magan of Castletown">The Lord Magan of Castletown</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Orders_of_precedence_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Orders of precedence in the United Kingdom">Gentlemen</a> Baron Grade of Yarmouth </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Followed by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Jock_Stirrup" title="Jock Stirrup">The Lord Stirrup</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div>    </section></div> <noscript><img src="https://login.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&mobile=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Michael_Grade&oldid=1258524547">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Michael_Grade&oldid=1258524547</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Grade&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> Last edited on 20 November 2024, at 05:38 </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Grade" title="Michael Grade – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Michael Grade" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Grade" title="Michael Grade – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Michael Grade" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%84_%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="مايكل جراد – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مايكل جراد" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 20 November 2024, at 05:38 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places" class="footer-places hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-terms-use"><a href="https://foundation.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">Terms of Use</a></li> <li id="footer-places-desktop-toggle"><a id="mw-mf-display-toggle" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Michael_Grade&mobileaction=toggle_view_desktop" data-event-name="switch_to_desktop">Desktop</a></li> </ul> </div> </footer> </div> </div> <div class="mw-notification-area" data-mw="interface"></div>  <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-lzhrf","wgBackendResponseTime":175,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.115","walltime":"1.355","ppvisitednodes":{"value":16110,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":158474,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":22482,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":22,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":6,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":168516,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1193.218 1 -total"," 34.31% 409.344 1 Template:Infobox_officeholder"," 28.52% 340.347 1 Template:Reflist"," 14.57% 173.855 18 Template:Cite_news"," 10.78% 128.587 1 Template:Ubl"," 9.08% 108.295 17 Template:Infobox_officeholder/office"," 9.01% 107.467 3 Template:Marriage"," 7.91% 94.435 4 Template:Navbox"," 7.19% 85.743 1 Template:BAFTA_Academy_Fellowship_Award"," 6.82% 81.409 25 Template:Main_other"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.600","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":10477218,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"table#1 {\n}\n\"\"\ntable#1 {\n}\n\"\"\ntable#1 {\n}\n\"\"\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-rmmbn","timestamp":"20241122143707","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Michael Grade","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Michael_Grade","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1520078","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1520078","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2003-01-20T15:01:51Z","dateModified":"2024-11-20T05:38:22Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/c\/ca\/Official_portrait_of_Lord_Grade_of_Yarmouth_crop_2%2C_2023.jpg","headline":"English television executive"}</script><script>(window.NORLQ=window.NORLQ||[]).push(function(){var ns,i,p,img;ns=document.getElementsByTagName('noscript');for(i=0;i<ns.length;i++){p=ns[i].nextSibling;if(p&&p.className&&p.className.indexOf('lazy-image-placeholder')>-1){img=document.createElement('img');img.setAttribute('src',p.getAttribute('data-src'));img.setAttribute('width',p.getAttribute('data-width'));img.setAttribute('height',p.getAttribute('data-height'));img.setAttribute('alt',p.getAttribute('data-alt'));p.parentNode.replaceChild(img,p);}}});</script> </body> </html>