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[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Ensaluti</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Pliaj agordoj" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personaj iloj" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personaj iloj</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menuo de uzanto" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=eo.wikipedia.org&uselang=eo"><span>Donaci</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciala%C4%B5o:Krei_konton&returnto=Etno" title="Ni rekomendas ke vi kreu uzantokonton kaj ensalutu, kvankam tio ne estas deviga"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Krei konton</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciala%C4%B5o:Ensaluti&returnto=Etno" title="Ni rekomendas ke vi ensalutu, kvankam tio ne estas devige. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Ensaluti</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Paĝoj por elsalutitaj redaktistoj <a href="/wiki/Helpo:Enkonduko" aria-label="Lernu pli pri redaktado"><span>Lernu pli</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Miaj_kontribuoj" title="Listo de redaktoj faritaj el ĉi tiu IPa adreso [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Kontribuoj</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Mia_diskutpa%C4%9Do" title="Diskuto pri redaktoj sub tiu ĉi IP adreso [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Diskuto</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Retejo"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Enhavo" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Enhavo</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">movigi al flanka panelo</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">kaŝi</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Komenco</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Referencoj" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referencoj"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Referencoj</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referencoj-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vidu_ankaŭ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vidu_ankaŭ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Vidu ankaŭ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vidu_ankaŭ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Enhavo" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Enhavtabelo" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ŝaltu la enhavtabelon" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Ŝaltu la enhavtabelon</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Etno</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Iru al artikolo en alia lingvo. Havebla en 106 lingvo" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-106" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">106 lingvoj</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Аетнос — abĥaza" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Аетнос" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="abĥaza" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etniese_groep" title="Etniese groep — afrikansa" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Etniese groep" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikansa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnie" title="Ethnie — svisgermana" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Ethnie" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="svisgermana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%A5%D8%AB%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="مجموعة إثنية — araba" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مجموعة إثنية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="araba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B9%D9%87_%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%87" title="مجموعه عرقيه — Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مجموعه عرقيه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etnia" title="Etnia — astura" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Etnia" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="astura" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etnik_qrup" title="Etnik qrup — azerbajĝana" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Etnik qrup" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajĝana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D9%82%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%BE" title="اتنیک قوروپ — South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="اتنیک قوروپ" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Етническа група — bulgara" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Етническа група" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80" title="एथ्निसिटी — Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="एथ्निसिटी" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A0%E0%A7%80" title="নৃগোষ্ঠী — bengala" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="নৃগোষ্ঠী" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etni%C4%8Dka_grupa" title="Etnička grupa — bosna" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Etnička grupa" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosna" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88tnia" title="Ètnia — kataluna" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ètnia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="kataluna" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%88%D9%BE%DB%8C_%D9%86%DB%95%D8%AA%DB%95%D9%88%DB%95%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="گرووپی نەتەوەیی — sorana" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="گرووپی نەتەوەیی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etnikum" title="Etnikum — ĉeĥa" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Etnikum" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ĉeĥa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C5%B5p_ethnig" title="Grŵp ethnig — kimra" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Grŵp ethnig" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="kimra" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etnicitet" title="Etnicitet — dana" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Etnicitet" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balli" title="Balli — Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Balli" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnie" title="Ethnie — germana" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ethnie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="germana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gruba_etnike" title="Gruba etnike — Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Gruba etnike" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simpung_tinaru" title="Simpung tinaru — Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Simpung tinaru" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%B8%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%AC%CE%B4%CE%B1" title="Εθνοτική ομάδα — greka" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Εθνοτική ομάδα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnic_group" title="Ethnic group — angla" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Ethnic group" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etnia" title="Etnia — hispana" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Etnia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="hispana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etnia" title="Etnia — eŭska" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Etnia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="eŭska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etninen_ryhm%C3%A4" title="Etninen ryhmä — finna" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Etninen ryhmä" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finna" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnie" title="Ethnie — franca" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ethnie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88tnia" title="Ètnia — Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Ètnia" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%BApa_eitneach" title="Grúpa eitneach — irlanda" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Grúpa eitneach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buidheann_cinneachail" title="Buidheann cinneachail — skot-gaela" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Buidheann cinneachail" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="skot-gaela" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etnia" title="Etnia — galega" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Etnia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galega" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%82%E0%AA%B6%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%AF_%E0%AA%9C%E0%AB%82%E0%AA%A5" title="વંશીય જૂથ — guĝarata" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="વંશીય જૂથ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="guĝarata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Possan_kynneeagh" title="Possan kynneeagh — manksa" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Possan kynneeagh" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manksa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%AA%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA" title="אתניות — hebrea" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אתניות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B9" title="जातीय समूह — hinda" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जातीय समूह" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hinda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etni%C4%8Dka_skupina" title="Etnička skupina — kroata" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Etnička skupina" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etnikum" title="Etnikum — hungara" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Etnikum" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hungara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B7%D5%A9%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%AD%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4%D5%A2" title="Էթնիկական խումբ — armena" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Էթնիկական խումբ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armena" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grupo_ti_etniko" title="Grupo ti etniko — iloka" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Grupo ti etniko" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="iloka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Ej%C3%B3%C3%B0arbrot" title="Þjóðarbrot — islanda" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Þjóðarbrot" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etnia" title="Etnia — itala" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Etnia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="itala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F" title="民族 — japana" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="民族" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golongan_%C3%A8tnik" title="Golongan ètnik — java" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Golongan ètnik" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="java" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="ეთნოსი — kartvela" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ეთნოსი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="kartvela" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azdar" title="Azdar — kabila" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Azdar" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabila" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF" title="Этникалық топ — kazaĥa" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Этникалық топ" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazaĥa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B7" title="ក្រុមជនជាតិ — kmera" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ក្រុមជនជាតិ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="kmera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%AF_%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%B3%E0%B3%81" title="ಜನಾಂಗೀಯ ಗುಂಪುಗಳು — kanara" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಜನಾಂಗೀಯ ಗುಂಪುಗಳು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kanara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AF%BC%EC%A1%B1" title="민족 — korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="민족" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koma_etn%C3%AEk" title="Koma etnîk — kurda" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Koma etnîk" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagas_ethnek" title="Bagas ethnek — kornvala" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Bagas ethnek" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="kornvala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnos" title="Ethnos — latino" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ethnos" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etniciteit" title="Etniciteit — limburga" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Etniciteit" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etnin%C4%97_grup%C4%97" title="Etninė grupė — litova" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Etninė grupė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etnisk%C4%81_grupa" title="Etniskā grupa — latva" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Etniskā grupa" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latva" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vondrom-poko" title="Vondrom-poko — malagasa" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Vondrom-poko" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malagasa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalompok_etnik" title="Kalompok etnik — minankabaŭa" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Kalompok etnik" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minankabaŭa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Етничка група — makedona" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Етничка група" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ястан — mongola" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Ястан" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongola" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelompok_etnik" title="Kelompok etnik — malaja" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kelompok etnik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B0%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8%E1%80%85%E1%80%AF" title="လူမျိုးစု — birma" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="လူမျိုးစု" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birma" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etniciteit" title="Etniciteit — nederlanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Etniciteit" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etnisitet" title="Etnisitet — novnorvega" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Etnisitet" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="novnorvega" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etnisitet" title="Etnisitet — dannorvega" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Etnisitet" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="dannorvega" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etnia" title="Etnia — okcitana" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Etnia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okcitana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etnine_joukko" title="Etnine joukko — Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Etnine joukko" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%85%E0%AC%A8%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%B8%E0%AD%82%E0%AC%9A%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%A4_%E0%AC%9C%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A4%E0%AC%BF" title="ଅନୁସୂଚିତ ଜାତି — orijo" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଅନୁସୂଚିତ ଜାତି" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="orijo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%B9" title="ਨਸਲੀ ਸਮੂਹ — panĝaba" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਨਸਲੀ ਸਮੂਹ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="panĝaba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grupa_etniczna" title="Grupa etniczna — pola" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Grupa etniczna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="pola" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%DA%A9%D9%85%DA%89%D9%84%D9%87" title="توکمډله — paŝtua" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="توکمډله" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paŝtua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grupo_%C3%A9tnico" title="Grupo étnico — portugala" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Grupo étnico" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grup_etnic" title="Grup etnic — rumana" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Grup etnic" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Этническая группа — rusa" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Этническая группа" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etnia" title="Etnia — sarda" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Etnia" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sarda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnic_group" title="Ethnic group — skota" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Ethnic group" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skota" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%8A_%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%DA%BE" title="نسلي گروھ — sinda" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="نسلي گروھ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sinda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etni%C4%8Dka_grupa" title="Etnička grupa — serbo-Kroata" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Etnička grupa" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-Kroata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%81%B8%E1%81%A2%E1%80%9D%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%81%B6%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9D%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="ၸၢဝ်းၶိူဝ်း — ŝana" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="ၸၢဝ်းၶိူဝ်း" data-language-autonym="တႆး" data-language-local-name="ŝana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>တႆး</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA" title="ජාතිය — sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ජාතිය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnic_group" title="Ethnic group — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Ethnic group" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etnikum" title="Etnikum — slovaka" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Etnikum" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etni%C4%8Dna_skupina" title="Etnična skupina — slovena" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Etnična skupina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovena" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudzi" title="Rudzi — ŝona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Rudzi" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="ŝona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etnia" title="Etnia — albana" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Etnia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Етничка група — serba" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Етничка група" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelompok_%C3%A9tnik" title="Kelompok étnik — sunda" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Kelompok étnik" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sunda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etnisk_grupp" title="Etnisk grupp — sveda" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Etnisk grupp" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="sveda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabila" title="Kabila — svahila" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kabila" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="svahila" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/binacadan" title="binacadan — Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="binacadan" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B4%E0%AF%81" title="இனக் குழு — tamila" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இனக் குழு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamila" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D1%80%D3%AF%D2%B3%D0%B8_%D2%9B%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BC%D3%A3" title="Гурӯҳи қавмӣ — taĝika" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Гурӯҳи қавмӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="taĝika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%8C" title="กลุ่มชาติพันธุ์ — taja" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กลุ่มชาติพันธุ์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="taja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pangkat_etniko" title="Pangkat etniko — tagaloga" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Pangkat etniko" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagaloga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etnik_grup" title="Etnik grup — turka" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Etnik grup" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Етнічна спільність — ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Етнічна спільність" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="نسلیت — urduo" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="نسلیت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urduo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etnik_guruh" title="Etnik guruh — uzbeka" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Etnik guruh" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbeka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%8F%E7%BE%A4" title="族群 — vua" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="族群" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="vua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuzwe" title="Ubuzwe — ksosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Ubuzwe" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="ksosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="ეთნოსი — Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ეთნოსი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%98%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A2_%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%A2" title="עטנישע גרופע — jida" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="עטנישע גרופע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jida" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%BA%B8%CC%80y%C3%A0_%C3%A8n%C3%ACy%C3%A0n" title="Ẹ̀yà ènìyàn — joruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ẹ̀yà ènìyàn" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="joruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%9C%E2%B4%B0%E2%B4%B3%E2%B4%B3%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%A2%E2%B5%9C_%E2%B5%9C%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8F%E2%B5%A1%E2%B5%99%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%9C" title="ⵜⴰⴳⴳⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⵡⵙⵉⵜ — tamaziĥta maroka norma" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵜⴰⴳⴳⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⵡⵙⵉⵜ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="tamaziĥta maroka norma" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A8%AE%E4%BA%BA" title="種人 — Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="種人" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cho%CC%8Dk-k%C3%BBn" title="Cho̍k-kûn — Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Cho̍k-kûn" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%8F%E8%A3%94" title="族裔 — kantona" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="族裔" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q41710#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Redakti interlingvajn ligilojn" class="wbc-editpage">Redakti ligilojn</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Nomspacoj"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Etno" title="Vidi la artikolon [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikolo</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Diskuto:Etno" rel="discussion" title="Diskuto pri la artikolo [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskuto</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " 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.apartigilo{background-color:#202122;color:white;border-bottom:1px solid #333333}html.skin-theme-clientpref-light .mw-parser-output .apartigilo{background-color:#F9F9F9;color:black;border-bottom:1px solid #AAAAAA}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .apartigilo{background-color:#202122;color:white;border-bottom:1px solid #333333}}</style><div> <table class="apartigilo" style="width: 100%; font-size: 95%; margin-bottom: 1em; position:relative; font-style:italic;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width: 26px; vertical-align: middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Helpo:Apartigiloj" title="Helpo:Apartigiloj"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Disambig.svg/18px-Disambig.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Disambig.svg/27px-Disambig.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Disambig.svg/36px-Disambig.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="183" /></a></span> </td> <td>por la samnoma vulkano vidu: <a href="/wiki/Etna" title="Etna">Etna</a>. </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Dosiero:AinuGroup.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/AinuGroup.JPG/250px-AinuGroup.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/AinuGroup.JPG/500px-AinuGroup.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1223" /></a><figcaption>Tribo de <a href="/wiki/Ajnuoj" title="Ajnuoj">ajnuoj</a>, etno indiĝena al la insulo <a href="/wiki/Hokajdo" title="Hokajdo">Hokajdo</a>, en <a href="/wiki/Japanio" title="Japanio">Japanio</a> (foto el <a href="/wiki/1904" title="1904">1904</a>)</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Dosiero:Alto_orinoco5.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Alto_orinoco5.jpg/240px-Alto_orinoco5.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Alto_orinoco5.jpg/360px-Alto_orinoco5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Alto_orinoco5.jpg/480px-Alto_orinoco5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2376" data-file-height="1584" /></a><figcaption>Infanoj de la <a href="/wiki/Janomamoj" title="Janomamoj">janomama</a> etno, <a href="/wiki/Indianoj" title="Indianoj">indiana</a> popolo indiĝena al la <a href="/wiki/Amazona_pluvarbaro" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazona pluvarbaro">Amazona pluvarbaro</a>, ĉe la limo inter <a href="/wiki/Venezuelo" title="Venezuelo">Venezuelo</a> kaj <a href="/wiki/Brazilo" title="Brazilo">Brazilo</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Etno</b> aŭ <b>etna grupo</b> estas homgrupo konscia pri siaj diferencoj kun aliaj homgrupoj laŭ kriterioj, kiuj povas esti tre diversaj (teritorio, lingvo, religio kaj aliaj kulturaj tradicioj).<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>La monda <a href="/wiki/Lo%C4%9Dantaro" title="Loĝantaro">loĝantaro</a>, kiu nun superas 8 miliardojn, prezentas buntan bildon laŭ etna, kultura, lingva, rasa kaj religia vidpunktoj. Oni supozas, ke sur nia planedo vivas 3-4 miloj da popoloj. </p><p>La termino <b>popolo</b> klarigeblas kiel vasta grupo de homoj, konsciaj pri sia malsimileco kun la ceteraj najbaraj grupoj, kaj loĝantaj kune, plej ofte en la sama lando. Kutime ili havas ĝeneralajn stabilajn specifajn ecojn de kulturo (inkluzive lingvon) kaj psiko, kaj ankaŭ memkonscion pri siaj unueco kaj diferenco de aliaj komunumoj kun. </p><p>Lastatempe en <a href="/wiki/Scienca_literaturo" title="Scienca literaturo">scienca literaturo</a> tiusence oni ofte uzas la terminon "<b>etno</b>" (devenas de malnovgreka - popolo, tribo), ĉar "popolo" havas ankaŭ aliajn signifojn: loĝantaro, grupo de homoj, laboruloj, civitanoj, ktp. </p><p>Oni distingas tri ĉefajn historiajn tipojn de etnoj: <b><a href="/wiki/Tribo" title="Tribo">tribo</a></b>, <b><a href="/wiki/Popolo" title="Popolo">popolo</a></b>, <b><a href="/wiki/Nacio" title="Nacio">nacio</a></b>. Laŭ tradicio oni atribuas tribon al primitiva epoko, popolon - al sklavposeda kaj feŭda sistemoj, kaj nacion - al kapitalismo kaj socialismo. </p><p>Por multnombraj popoloj estas kutima dispartigo je <b>subetnoj</b> aŭ <b>etnografiaj grupoj</b>, kiuj aperas rezulte de apartigo de teritorioj, pro neplena asimilado de alidevenaj grupoj, pro historie kaŭzitaj specialaj statusoj, rasaj kaj religiaj diferencoj. Ekzemple, inter germanoj konserviĝis multaj etnografiaj grupoj - bavaroj, ŝvaboj k.a. kun kelkaj etnografiaj specifaĵoj. </p><p>Aliflanke, la termino <b>"metaetno"</b> indikas komunumon de popolgrupoj havantaj komunajn trajtojn de kulturo kaj memkonscio, kvankam ili povas diferenci laŭ origino. Unuj el ili estas rezulto de genetika kaj lingva proksimeco (slavoj, araboj, latinamerikanoj), aliaj - de teritoria kunvivado (baltianoj, nordkaŭkazianoj) aŭ religia unueco. </p><p>Ĉiuj taksonomiaj rangoj de etnaj komunumoj: subetnoj, etnoj kaj metaetnoj faras komplikan hierarkian sistemon, kio reliefiĝas en homa memkonscio. Unu homo povas sin konsideri kaj slavo (metaetno), kaj ruso (etno), kaj pomorano (subetno), kvankam plej forte senteblas inklino al sinidentigo per meza rango - etno. </p><p>Ĉiu historia tipo de etnoj estis kaj estas objekto de komplikaj procesoj de reciprokaj influoj. Ekzistas tri tipoj de etnoprocesoj: </p> <ul><li><b>Plifirmigo</b> - kunfandiĝo de apartaj popoloj aŭ iliaj partoj al pli grandaj etnaj komunumoj, ekzemple, triboj transformiĝas al nacio;</li> <li><b>Asimilado</b> - intermiksiĝo de malgrandaj popolgrupoj al aliaj pli grandaj popoloj,</li> <li><b>Integriĝo</b> - apero de superetnaj komunumoj en multnaciaj ŝtatoj per interfluo de diferencaj triboj, popoloj, nacioj, apero de komunaj kulturaj ecoj.</li></ul> <p>Pri la studado kaj esplorado de la etna <a href="/wiki/Fenomeno" title="Fenomeno">fenomeno</a> okupiĝas pluraj sciencoj: <a href="/wiki/Antropologio" title="Antropologio">antropologio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Etnografio" title="Etnografio">etnografio</a> k.a. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Etna_konflikto" title="Etna konflikto">Etna konflikto</a> estas termino en sociologio por difini ajnan konfrontadon de perforta naturo aŭ militon inter du aŭ pliaj etnaj grupoj, tio estas, grupoj de personoj de diferencaj kulturaj, religiaj, rasaj aŭ geografiaj devenoj. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Multetna_socio" title="Multetna socio">Multetna socio</a> estas socio kiu konsistas el pluraj grupoj de etneco, kontraste al etna homogeneco. Praktike hodiaŭ la plej multaj socioj en la mondo estas multetnaj socioj kaj nur kelkaj landoj estas konsiderataj homogenaj etnaj socioj (inkluzive Japanion, Koreion kaj Somalion). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referencoj">Referencoj</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etno&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redakti sekcion: Referencoj" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redakti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etno&action=edit&section=1" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Referencoj"><span>redakti fonton</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist references-small" style="padding-right: 6px;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">PIV 2002</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vidu_ankaŭ"><span id="Vidu_anka.C5.AD"></span>Vidu ankaŭ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etno&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redakti sekcion: Vidu ankaŭ" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redakti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etno&action=edit&section=2" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Vidu ankaŭ"><span>redakti fonton</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="noprint" id="aliaj_projektoj" style="float: right; clear: right; width: 250px; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 4px; font-size: 90%; background: #f9f9f9;"> <ul class="noarchive"><li class="commons"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ethnic_groups?uselang=eo">Kategorio Etno en la <span>Vikimedia Komunejo</span></a> (Multrimedaj datumoj)</span></li><li class="source"><a href="https://eo.wikisource.org/wiki/Kategorio:Etnoj" class="extiw" title="s:Kategorio:Etnoj">Etno en <span>Vikifontaro</span></a> (Universala biblioteko)</li><li class="news"><a href="https://eo.wikinews.org/wiki/Kategorio:Etnoj" class="extiw" title="n:Kategorio:Etnoj">Etno en <span>Vikinovaĵoj</span></a> (Liberaj novaĵoj)</li><li class="retavortaro"><a href="https://reta-vortaro.de/revo/art/etn.html" class="extiw" title="revo:etn">Etno en <span>ReVo</span></a> </li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Klasifiko_de_etnoj" title="Klasifiko de etnoj">Klasifiko de etnoj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Listo_de_etnoj" title="Listo de etnoj">Listo de etnoj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etna_konflikto" title="Etna konflikto">Etna konflikto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etnizado" title="Etnizado">Etnizado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etnoreligia_grupo" title="Etnoreligia grupo">Etnoreligia grupo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gento_(Sociologio)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gento (Sociologio)">Gento</a></li></ul> <div style="position:absolute; z-index:100; right:10px; top:45px;" class="titola_ikono noprint"> <div style="position: relative; width: 20px; height: 40px;"> <div style="position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; font-size: 100px; overflow: hidden; line-height: 100px; z-index: 3; font-size:150pt;"><a href="/wiki/Vikipedio:Unue_en_Esperanto" title="Vikipedio:Unue en Esperanto"><span title="Ĉi tiu artikolo estas verkita en Esperanto-Vikipedio kiel la unua el ĉiuj lingvoj en la tuta Vikipedia projekto."></span></a></div> <div style="position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; z-index: 2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Vikipedio:Unue_en_Esperanto" title="Ĉi tiu artikolo estas verkita en Esperanto-Vikipedio kiel la unua el ĉiuj lingvoj en la tuta Vikipedia projekto."><img alt="Ĉi tiu artikolo estas verkita en Esperanto-Vikipedio kiel la unua el ĉiuj lingvoj en la tuta Vikipedia projekto." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Unue.svg/20px-Unue.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Unue.svg/30px-Unue.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Unue.svg/40px-Unue.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="30" data-file-height="30" /></a></span></div> </div> </div> <div class="noprint" style="clear:both; 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cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>106 lingvoj</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Aldoni temon</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-5c6f46dcf-r9lsz","wgBackendResponseTime":110,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.074","walltime":"0.137","ppvisitednodes":{"value":338,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":5146,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":434,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":5,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":953,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 102.996 1 -total"," 56.61% 58.311 1 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