CINXE.COM

<!doctype html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-ZK1E8XKBLT"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-ZK1E8XKBLT'); </script>  <title>WebElements Periodic Table » Samarium » historical information</title> <meta name="Description" content="This WebElements periodic table page contains historical information for the element samarium"> <meta name="keywords" content="samarium, history, historical, discoveror, origin of name, chemistry, periodic table, periodic chart, periodic system, chemical elements, chemical, webelements, web-elements, Sheffield, science, element, elements, metal, gas, atoms"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_newlands/pure/pure-min.css" type="text/css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_newlands/pure/grids-responsive-min.css" type="text/css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_newlands/pure-layout-side-menu/css/layouts/side-menu.css" type="text/css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_newlands/css/webelements.css?parameter=1"> <meta name="author" content="Prof Mark Winter, University of Sheffield"> <meta name="copyright" content="Copyright 2024 Prof Mark Winter"> <link rel="index" href="./"> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="../favicon.png"> </head> <body> <div id="layout">  <a href="#menu" id="menuLink" class="menu-link">  <span></span> </a>  <div id="menu"> <div class="pure-menu"> <ul class="pure-menu-list"> <li class="pure-menu-item logo"><a href="../" class="pure-menu-link"><img height="30" src="../_media/icons/logo_60.png" alt="WebElements logo" /></a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item v"> <div id="NavigationPanel"> <table style="nav_panel"> <tr> <th class="navpanel-v"> </th> <th class="navpanel-v"> </th> <th class="navpanel-v"> </th> </tr> <tr> <th class="navpanel-f"><a title="promethium" href="../promethium/history.html">Pm</a></th> <th class="navpanel-f">Sm</th> <th class="navpanel-f"><a title="europium" href="../europium/history.html">Eu</a></th> </tr> <tr> <th class="navpanel-f"><a title="neptunium" href="../neptunium/history.html">Np</a></th> <th class="navpanel-f"><a title="plutonium" href="../plutonium/history.html">Pu</a></th> <th class="navpanel-f"><a title="americium" href="../americium/history.html">Am</a></th> </tr> </table> </div> </li>  <li class="pure-menu-item v"> <div class="element_select_centre"><a class="imagelink" title="Switch to a different element from here" href="../index.html"><img class="" src="../_media/locs/Sm-loc.png" alt="Samarium location" /></a> </div> </li>  <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../actinium/history.html">Actinium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../aluminium/history.html">Aluminium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../aluminium/history.html">Aluminum</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../americium/history.html">Americium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../antimony/history.html">Antimony</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../argon/history.html">Argon</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../arsenic/history.html">Arsenic</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../astatine/history.html">Astatine ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item s"><a class="pure-menu-link s" href="../barium/history.html">Barium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../berkelium/history.html">Berkelium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item s"><a class="pure-menu-link s" href="../beryllium/history.html">Beryllium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../bismuth/history.html">Bismuth</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../bohrium/history.html">Bohrium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../boron/history.html">Boron</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../bromine/history.html">Bromine</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../cadmium/history.html">Cadmium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item s"><a class="pure-menu-link s" href="../caesium/history.html">Caesium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item s"><a class="pure-menu-link s" href="../calcium/history.html">Calcium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../californium/history.html">Californium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../carbon/history.html">Carbon</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../cerium/history.html">Cerium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item s"><a class="pure-menu-link s" href="../caesium/history.html">Cesium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../chlorine/history.html">Chlorine</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../chromium/history.html">Chromium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../cobalt/history.html">Cobalt</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../copernicium/history.html">Copernicium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../copper/history.html">Copper</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../curium/history.html">Curium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../darmstadtium/history.html">Darmstadtium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../dubnium/history.html">Dubnium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../dysprosium/history.html">Dysprosium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../einsteinium/history.html">Einsteinium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../erbium/history.html">Erbium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../europium/history.html">Europium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../fermium/history.html">Fermium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../flerovium/history.html">Flerovium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../fluorine/history.html">Fluorine</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item s"><a class="pure-menu-link s" href="../francium/history.html">Francium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../gadolinium/history.html">Gadolinium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../gallium/history.html">Gallium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../germanium/history.html">Germanium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../gold/history.html">Gold</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../hafnium/history.html">Hafnium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../hassium/history.html">Hassium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../helium/history.html">Helium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../holmium/history.html">Holmium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item s"><a class="pure-menu-link s" href="../hydrogen/history.html">Hydrogen</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../indium/history.html">Indium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../iodine/history.html">Iodine</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../iridium/history.html">Iridium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../iron/history.html">Iron</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../krypton/history.html">Krypton</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../lanthanum/history.html">Lanthanum</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../lawrencium/history.html">Lawrencium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../lead/history.html">Lead</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item s"><a class="pure-menu-link s" href="../lithium/history.html">Lithium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../livermorium/history.html">Livermorium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../lutetium/history.html">Lutetium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item s"><a class="pure-menu-link s" href="../magnesium/history.html">Magnesium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../manganese/history.html">Manganese</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../meitnerium/history.html">Meitnerium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../mendelevium/history.html">Mendelevium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../mercury/history.html">Mercury</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../molybdenum/history.html">Molybdenum</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../moscovium/history.html">Moscovium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../neodymium/history.html">Neodymium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../neon/history.html">Neon</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../neptunium/history.html">Neptunium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../nickel/history.html">Nickel</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../nihonium/history.html">Nihonium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../niobium/history.html">Niobium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../nitrogen/history.html">Nitrogen</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../nobelium/history.html">Nobelium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../oganesson/history.html">Oganesson ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../osmium/history.html">Osmium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../oxygen/history.html">Oxygen</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../palladium/history.html">Palladium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../phosphorus/history.html">Phosphorus</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../platinum/history.html">Platinum</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../plutonium/history.html">Plutonium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../polonium/history.html">Polonium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item s"><a class="pure-menu-link s" href="../potassium/history.html">Potassium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../praseodymium/history.html">Praseodymium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../promethium/history.html">Promethium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../protactinium/history.html">Protactinium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item s"><a class="pure-menu-link s" href="../radium/history.html">Radium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../radon/history.html">Radon ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../rhenium/history.html">Rhenium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../rhodium/history.html">Rhodium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../roentgenium/history.html">Roentgenium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item s"><a class="pure-menu-link s" href="../rubidium/history.html">Rubidium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../ruthenium/history.html">Ruthenium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../rutherfordium/history.html">Rutherfordium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../samarium/history.html">Samarium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../scandium/history.html">Scandium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../seaborgium/history.html">Seaborgium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../selenium/history.html">Selenium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../silicon/history.html">Silicon</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../silver/history.html">Silver</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item s"><a class="pure-menu-link s" href="../sodium/history.html">Sodium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item s"><a class="pure-menu-link s" href="../strontium/history.html">Strontium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../sulfur/history.html">Sulfur</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../sulfur/history.html">Sulphur</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../tantalum/history.html">Tantalum</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../technetium/history.html">Technetium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../tellurium/history.html">Tellurium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../tennessine/history.html">Tennessine ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../terbium/history.html">Terbium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../thallium/history.html">Thallium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../thorium/history.html">Thorium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../thulium/history.html">Thulium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../tin/history.html">Tin</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../titanium/history.html">Titanium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../tungsten/history.html">Tungsten</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../uranium/history.html">Uranium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../vanadium/history.html">Vanadium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../xenon/history.html">Xenon</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../ytterbium/history.html">Ytterbium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../yttrium/history.html">Yttrium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../zinc/history.html">Zinc</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../zirconium/history.html">Zirconium</a></li> </ul> </div> </div>  <div class="pure-g"> <div class="pure-u-1"> <div class="pure-menu pure-menu-open pure-menu-horizontal centre" role="navigation" style="background: #000 url(../_media/elements/discharge/Sm.png) repeat-y center; background-size:contain;"> <span><a class="pure-menu-heading" href="https://winter.group.shef.ac.uk/webelements/"><img height="30" src="../_media/icons/logo_60.png" alt="WebElements logo"></a> <a class="white" href="./">Samarium - <sub>62</sub>Sm</a>  <audio id="myAudio_f"> <source src="../_media/elements/snds_f/Sm.mp3" type="audio/mpeg">Your user agent does not support the HTML5 Audio element. </audio> <button class="pure-button f_button" style=" display: inline;" type="button" onclick="audf_play_pause()"> 🔊  </button> <script> function audf_play_pause() { var myAudiof = document.getElementById("myAudio_f"); if (myAudiof.paused) { myAudiof.play(); } else { myAudiof.pause(); }} </script></span> </div> </div> </div> <div id="main">  <div class="pure-u-1 pure-u-sm-1-1"> <div class="pure-menu pure-menu-horizontal pure-menu-scrollable"> <a href="#" class="pure-menu-link pure-menu-heading">▸▸</a> <ul class="pure-menu-list"> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇬🇧 Samarium</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇺🇦 Самарій</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇨🇳 釤</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇳🇱 Samarium</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇫🇷 Samarium</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇩🇪 Samarium</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇮🇱 סמריום</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇮🇹 Samario</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇯🇵 サマリウム</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇵🇹 Samário</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇪🇸 Samario</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇸🇪 Samarium</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇷🇺 Самарий</li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="pure-g"> <div class="pure-u-1 pure-u-sm-1-1"> <div class="google_navbar_positioning"> <form action="https://www.google.com" id="cse-search-box"> <div> <input type="hidden" name="cx" value="partner-pub-9334432533380510:6223510783"> <input type="hidden" name="ie" value="UTF-8"> <input type="text" name="q" size="28"> <input type="submit" name="sa" value="Search"> </div> </form> <script> </script> </div> </div> </div> <main> <div class="pure-g"> <div class="pure-u-1 pure-u-sm-1-1"> <h1 class="f">Samarium - <sub><small>62</small></sub>Sm: historical information</h1> <div class="pure-menu pure-menu-horizontal pure-menu-scrollable"> <ul class="pure-menu-list z_menu"> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a href="../samarium/" class="pure-menu-link">▸▸ Sm Essentials</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../samarium/physics.html">Physical properties</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../samarium/atoms.html">Electron shell data</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../samarium/atom_sizes.html">Atom sizes</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../samarium/electronegativity.html">Electronegativity</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../samarium/isotopes.html" >Isotopes and NMR</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../samarium/crystal_structure.html">Crystal structure</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../samarium/thermochemistry.html">Thermochemistry</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../samarium/history.html">History</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../samarium/uses.html">Uses</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../samarium/geology.html">Geology</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../samarium/biology.html">Biology</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../samarium/compounds.html">Binary compounds</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../samarium/compound_properties.html" >Compound properties</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../samarium/chemistry.html">Element reactions</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../samarium/contents.html">List all Sm properties</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="teaser"> <ul class="ul_facts_table nobullets"> <li><strong><a href="../periodicity/discovery/" title="Further information on element discoveries">Discoveror</a>:</strong> Paul Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran</li> <li><strong>Place of discovery:</strong> France</li> <li><strong>Date of discovery:</strong> 1879</li> <li><strong><a href="../periodicity/discovery/" title="Further information on element discoveries">Origin of name</a> </strong>: named after "<em>Samarskite</em>" (a mineral). </li> </ul> </div> <p class="p_first">Samarium was discovered spectroscopically by its sharp absorption lines in 1853 by Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac in an "earth" called didymia. The element was isolated in 1879 by Lecoq de Boisbaudran from the mineral samarskite, named in honour of a Russian mine official, Colonel Samarski, and which therefore gave samarium its name. </p> </main> <div id="footer"> <footer> <div class="footer"> <div class="pure-g"> <div class="pure-u-1-2 pure-u-sm-1-2 pure-u-lg-1-4 pure-menu custom-restricted-width"> <ul class="pure-menu-list"> <li class="pure-menu-heading footer_h">Key properties</li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/periodicity/eneg_pauling/">Electronegativity </a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/periodicity/melting_point/">Melting point</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/periodicity/density/">Density </a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/periodicity/molar_volume/">Molar volume</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/periodicity/ionis_energy_1/">Ionization energy (1st)</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/periodicity/covalent_radius/">Covalent radius</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/periodicity/metallic_radius/">Metallic radius</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/periodicity/abund_crust/">Abundance: earth's crust</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="pure-u-1-2 pure-u-sm-1-2 pure-u-lg-1-4 pure-menu custom-restricted-width"> <ul class="pure-menu-list"> <li class="pure-menu-heading footer_h">Shop</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">Sorry, shop closed</li> </ul> </div> <div class="pure-u-1-2 pure-u-sm-1-2 pure-u-lg-1-4 pure-menu custom-restricted-width"> <ul class="pure-menu-list"> <li class="pure-menu-heading footer_h">Social</li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.facebook.com/webelements.periodic.table">Facebook</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://twitter.com/periodic_table">Twitter</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.pinterest.com/periodictable/">Pinterest</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="pure-u-1-2 pure-u-sm-1-2 pure-u-lg-1-4 pure-menu custom-restricted-width"> <ul class="pure-menu-list"> <li class="pure-menu-heading footer_h">Administration</li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/nexus/your-privacy/" title="Your privacy">Privacy</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/nexus/about-webelements/" title="About WebElements">About</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/nexus/webelements-and-copyright/" title="Copyright information about WebElements">Copyright</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/nexus/acknowledgements/" title="Acknowledgements">Thanks...</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <address> <p> <a href="https://www.webelements.com/"><img class="logo_m" src="../_media/icons/logo_60.png" alt="WebElements home" /></a><br /> <strong>WebElements:</strong> THE periodic table on the WWW [<a href="https://www.webelements.com/">www.webelements.com</a>]<br /> <a href="https://www.webelements.com/nexus/webelements-and-copyright/">Copyright </a> 1993-2024 <a href="https://winter.group.shef.ac.uk/">Mark Winter</a> [ <a href="https://www.sheffield.ac.uk/chemistry/">The University of Sheffield </a> and WebElements Ltd, UK]. All rights reserved.</p> <p>You can reference the WebElements periodic table as follows:<br />"WebElements, https://www.webelements.com, accessed November 2024."</p> </address> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <script src="../_newlands/javascript/menus.js"></script> <script src="../_newlands/pure-layout-side-menu/js/ui.js"></script> </body> </html>