CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '91351a2f0c08f884',cH: 'Sii4jy_xVyhmJTR8dEQ9vukbwsbFq0ZzX95IUIZ5_gc-1739788228-1.2.1.1-5czq4mhKIY4l7IPfSEkfnb7DgWn.lDSPtRYZnoAnPHGva8D1KOIxNh7Sm7eIWHpK',cUPMDTk: "\/9165\/endnote?__cf_chl_tk=2Ac6Z3M2yHKUjRMmKBsO6UYJZeBZlsEF3uQCaHfp8zg-1739788228-1.0.1.1-UOG.uzMwDOz25m6jXViX_3h5xavNQT8ADnLgbUJDcAs",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739788228',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/9165\/endnote?__cf_chl_f_tk=2Ac6Z3M2yHKUjRMmKBsO6UYJZeBZlsEF3uQCaHfp8zg-1739788228-1.0.1.1-UOG.uzMwDOz25m6jXViX_3h5xavNQT8ADnLgbUJDcAs",md: "YWMA_mkP2b8Z4COw3bHYuyMuNkgSYeDHZpxXZFe8JCs-1739788228-1.2.1.1-tsTM6jmjShnSTirqSieb5KCuOHTugbLxgNuwPCWHS1farGKcNR4JunkDtojxGzaWqrcfh0sRcjrg3pWTyAdzuPUpfGXcef9xuqlX4mj3UyoT93ENRcTjxFpLUo1fQKjDTj08skMRy3zsRz6wHBdeKSx5qGLUxUcyE5biGXvWYv2XBJg.Pz.ZkllVHwko1l6qyDhs1QjhOKW2oAe0kfXonoonJopnSKVu3Bj0g3Bt4IeyYfhUIOg7uRQPes__JnzmKm3d6VdEtIrk4QbCFAb3Dm29m02EhrCOzZ9d7TFQJCGdSHEDa7jVyXwsClcsKZ6RjOW_PUVnqMokFSdMOU3SbmvyKpvNCj7zo.zGqWguPW610IlfS3gBtktqE0EMXV3i9YBy8G9MgMgxy18CG5lCuGr0DO8PSSUykdgQ13MZZ_tbFEowbThJ2geyxpc_AGihv4LSfhUS3qkpe69KGaWo3yk1yiMQDSDphnGYwJlWMqARwm0kt5e4g_jS0WrdxfTKJEw_b9jdqFVXEi1yEjmfHFGgZitenW1TywFzipdTeCfxbxm_qyzoK3lfcrC3olTaTHxTbzXeRZmqGWWe3y_5joionIuhhARgYytGecP2IduAyxVr8jmwEbvrMuQsYiKASEAnnxKQ5vvWUoYaY8MuNd6E0ipvkBN5j868tEcj2hTiOsMbjlAh6aKcjAULpqHeTJLGgUFJEzytWy2iP4eW.VHFi7uAEbj_LsTMZsx4N8DXzLoAUZA.x56Abq3OVtTicjJvVhUipsiL6Mxj_7eJRGgmZpcMOlUOEugEgSLprGz_D_yoLSab9bKaccDdekGtHh8DETwoCT1fXFPa7KgpPz4jt_VaydvGUSid9eT4_cEdON1h64a95ImsnF0ZXtXpid51yyM3hR13jui45ue4krzm7Dr5cifndoHvZcLtCQjOQ9IbvYQedxbcuOtpXyM5mh2UVv6xbTeXdUXFPI9SpGgUMJsu3RXi7zpKdEMbhwYrJ12lG_rdUUcz85D1MRyxJ9mCfhQ3bduXZcC6Ox5t93UQnu8J2vRGrfthcIgOMNP5RLho0QlKFgNKmROYl3AsOYXAsJQmfdqax4bZZxzSVweyuYrOV5gsGUA2oX9AnfuhlpfOnNNoQbQI9OVfEdeIKvNc2CV8f4FyI4XG2MVguHRaTgtI19f5B1n67zBoJQ7lQPWcH0v6AJwQl.UANkFXTJ.RxiO9xm562v_DG2QIfaWSmS9ohmcDIWp7LU7q2fyhdGEXUbabJl4rSnqbxc9QeYtnA6Nu7gD7j162MihtFmbDWBl_1EHwoM4CxBaEbiLFIsQKeRd.rLzuO83u20y8OuTLPwSCSgHPkgNd8s4.X._iPHsnlcmeowQmq0xKlfsdKDQpGmkgc3EpGUG6xAcGfriErmJxnmpUL3eEv9hmEE.Li1C0hxFUZnXqpg4OhVq01BGdAHSIK8Nppv_3R3POeiM2.fW6CmRLMFyY0Q8M.ccVvIi3d.FJwLsdjtNpEB0lIl8sLMRWqpi8BDE30VjheHPyVCHQPjEuIFezkBCP7gBBH0QdUBMuR8qCfE89P3Glv_SF5.0xfFBtSXBDiOZbIy_mIirBezj29GDxkD3RSqh.qtZrWJIE726ut2x3R54lk572.SshCx4um9vMI7JjFDzLEyKvvZCf79P12fQp.CqBBoPK2xdAWiYZviKbZFd_fGgitEGMwHWFQTJhs3A9.JVyBtTZzHT11s0fxpyftNgIVxneegPvBGhEGi35akfxPIm.p1tFV.xG57OMPNnopVkQrH7Km8dhg2nYtFsUeCJNZCU8hYrleEiTL90oko0zun8cd0ixJWCzxFBo7WDx_zcuoEzrFi6UA0NQb06EdDNQcTcU.DP200j3GSCPlTU",mdrd: "NXbdyf9vmhfQ8VJbNH2bfE3Q3mB_qS9wMNg9Cg0N8dI-1739788228-1.2.1.1-8ZB5TuvgV8Jjig3MUZkStfXmoe_UmLBrZaWTGrIfD2ycMMci4ZRY9u4fJtFPR0qZ.1s0DJGpCED0._86FPcETJChN.WIxH3JMZIDJaLReubTCoVSRyyjPJ3.Mj46rEY8B30QE2qdMfV1aLn1W2MKaARXMYaAR2STXLOW.5xJuQfKdcDpADrOiAthSyudlPmfry1xo814oeow4ebjPtgo4XqSkdOuv3MvDiKspwQjgfgxFPH.FebBzcTHLXtsrpY8FIebVn9bUuj6CybVCISVKMYRZjQ26oADnrtZS4SX7E5mPFs.RtjonisP.cqvu8U5h.nNMoSRYNziUqAsnvoqQpP_hGlvc9q09I8abQ597uRZy7rsh4haWG1xwXhy72cSKqWmfDMu.TBaQnt_wV9iBJv_pPE1fv8nOAg778mEcL2ta8TCz6mmXMd_60yOKPN9JsWaZ81Bj.2wc_TfWeHHgcxZlVGaNgAyUVJmWoGKPLov2ah_108AeKvqYVt7PxRsMYEi9kFch1M8V05y68Pf4.5gr_zfLSE31xQptFRxGihX2QfVMBQ18LmhufXs90MxwueN9iOOP_xjHp2hDo0lS_Ungg4y3QwPfPYzEllZdmTyPhGYsJoKQj9MychVQ1FWkL9ZIHMHv0MNe8dFldGKUIF02s.tjzTQ84WjmvBq.74PRdoHo7jCXuA5ZAvnRIajNlEZ7onvD7Xcxz1Ex841OFu10h3Yr341RGT33_E0Ze4LsPOmZ__7ejJ6f_tO8RJk45IshMF.KtQ_W6CQtbxy8Ucu2jsk4PUObBBphk5OiM3aqCTAKRGm5OHP5PHwqvWT5YspVR.elBYTKswprbPX7xrlttDDGphX0Ps41NLtpz_AmdB4zB9vwbS.yjpy1M7ET0U97Qf5izvLgqYVYN7UcGu6U.ETdp0m.SOw20E3LtFLNYRP.QcV0wH8WNEzPPsuaCxwUOoNlaGJzyCulaQ1a9sN1gihjTCxxIox7ix0lbBJsjmsfOCaqiZCQlsQHZ0zQkBVm_uS18gyxHbVoYf_IUSCNhRAeG3RvL3OV0q_gXES9.og7hwludtVJc4K5..gUQ8JnnQhU.ek1tD4vDJ8v6q9STFVXLzBtSC9EqFsQh23pFIxGHLYZu6xJNkfAm5CoMnPy1WZT09.rIp4JDmrd0EekgF4EL.xxQWZjnuzKacfeqz6xoI8ZsKOmQGpV.D3SNJxr3PN1VCRc2423pJsWSDU.OoGNoZdI_fqz3DU6EZVGgjbIH8qDGD_ZsptaV8.MTKLHZ_dLMHpcxLSqoA2B0yNjd6cA3aPX7Fc5OMRfkOefECZ1qc5E95qJoSqyu4qjszqnMACYXsQAen_JG1Nj.Qb8wlyvguT4FK5_cNsBIv1rvvULh._Xi8ni2v2NboQsSRMyC9cehR0suadytoWkCWX.o3__kRM39bGp7MsDXPtMM8SdUCZK8BHwrgq4mBzgYCLAKrkxAyiYaR7aPC.PKugqiTY6Kc9hBR9kG.OzVxfiWyKjThUSbEp4aVUJeY1eQB6vvGlM_P6BJFEw1SIzCT9OnnrINBquIEf8TBJ7wTDEnn0naJChZ6YfA.Caz2f34r_I9tDK9F426O2M7eUyIQ9rrGOL.XLK1j1RNytcp.kyn_z73th7uqhngF.dh9G6GWU8LoyKZZ4pavNYxl4FMw_fEVE6mDcSJAcV_sQmiYfTFD8nVareKQd6TQEeynt6sc_d8rZMXFkv1LaDxhR8EalOkTOO6cT2DsNniztg7SIN.FbEBpNOipnFYEBH4eLatRH_6KuiwSdyeNv_o.XFPVPscD2qssfFck5jMUWBCqv4lKvPgS4M1yq1KjDwOHe2NMCdMuwkcjmTNgWzu0S9YvxbbsBB7SEkm2zv19vuxSklpMWzvegqEDfSyfLqujA8eUTntvyOwcyM7x_PkPeWu7RMCVIzXWw0zyP2nZX2VCzshEsqvVcK7I9dITLsLWnhJ8wNzm_Ef4d9jOX2hS3VA"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91351a2f0c08f884';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/9165\/endnote?__cf_chl_rt_tk=2Ac6Z3M2yHKUjRMmKBsO6UYJZeBZlsEF3uQCaHfp8zg-1739788228-1.0.1.1-UOG.uzMwDOz25m6jXViX_3h5xavNQT8ADnLgbUJDcAs" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>