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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Day labor in the United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Day_labor_in_the_United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-External_links-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle External links subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Organizations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organizations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Organizations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Organizations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_film_and_television" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_film_and_television"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>In film and television</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_film_and_television-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Day labor</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 22 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-22" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">22 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A9" title="مياومة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مياومة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCn%C9%99muzd%C3%A7ular" title="Günəmuzdçular – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Günəmuzdçular" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jornaler" title="Jornaler – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Jornaler" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%C3%A7%C4%95" title="Кунсеренçĕ – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Кунсеренçĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zak%C3%A1zkov%C3%A1_ekonomika" title="Zakázková ekonomika – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Zakázková ekonomika" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daglejer" title="Daglejer – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Daglejer" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tagel%C3%B6hner" title="Tagelöhner – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tagelöhner" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jornalero" title="Jornalero – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Jornalero" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taglaboristo" title="Taglaboristo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Taglaboristo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%B2%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="کارگری روزمزدی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کارگری روزمزدی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journalier" title="Journalier – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Journalier" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%BC%EC%9A%A9%EC%A7%81" title="일용직 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="일용직" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE" title="दैनिक श्रम – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="दैनिक श्रम" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dol%C3%A9iner" title="Doléiner – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Doléiner" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dienos_darbas" title="Dienos darbas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Dienos darbas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napsz%C3%A1mos" title="Napszámos – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Napszámos" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dagloner" title="Dagloner – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Dagloner" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E9%9B%87%E3%81%84" title="日雇い – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="日雇い" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B8sarbeid" title="Løsarbeid – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Løsarbeid" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Cleanup plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-Cleanup" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article may <b>require <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cleanup" title="Wikipedia:Cleanup">cleanup</a></b> to meet Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">quality standards</a>. The specific problem is: <b>Article poorly organized, generally scattered, no international perspective.</b><span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Day_labor" title="Special:EditPage/Day labor">improve this article</a> if you can.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Workers_At_Dusk,_GEC,_Chittagong.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Workers_At_Dusk%2C_GEC%2C_Chittagong.jpg/220px-Workers_At_Dusk%2C_GEC%2C_Chittagong.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Workers_At_Dusk%2C_GEC%2C_Chittagong.jpg/330px-Workers_At_Dusk%2C_GEC%2C_Chittagong.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Workers_At_Dusk%2C_GEC%2C_Chittagong.jpg/440px-Workers_At_Dusk%2C_GEC%2C_Chittagong.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5616" data-file-height="3744" /></a><figcaption>Construction labors in <a href="/wiki/Chittagong" title="Chittagong">Chittagong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Day labor</b> (or <b>day labour</b> in <a href="/wiki/American_and_British_English_spelling_differences" title="American and British English spelling differences">Commonwealth spelling</a>) is work done where the worker is hired and paid one day at a time, with no promise that more work will be available in the future. It is a form of <a href="/wiki/Contingent_work" title="Contingent work">contingent work</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types">Types</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Day_labor&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Medny%C3%A1nszky,_L%C3%A1szl%C3%B3_-_Day_Labourer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Medny%C3%A1nszky%2C_L%C3%A1szl%C3%B3_-_Day_Labourer.jpg/170px-Medny%C3%A1nszky%2C_L%C3%A1szl%C3%B3_-_Day_Labourer.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Medny%C3%A1nszky%2C_L%C3%A1szl%C3%B3_-_Day_Labourer.jpg/255px-Medny%C3%A1nszky%2C_L%C3%A1szl%C3%B3_-_Day_Labourer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Medny%C3%A1nszky%2C_L%C3%A1szl%C3%B3_-_Day_Labourer.jpg/340px-Medny%C3%A1nszky%2C_L%C3%A1szl%C3%B3_-_Day_Labourer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="658" data-file-height="852" /></a><figcaption><i>Day Labourer</i> (painting by <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A1szl%C3%B3_Medny%C3%A1nszky" title="László Mednyánszky">László Mednyánszky</a>)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tagel%C3%B6hnerhaus_qtl1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Tagel%C3%B6hnerhaus_qtl1.jpg/220px-Tagel%C3%B6hnerhaus_qtl1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Tagel%C3%B6hnerhaus_qtl1.jpg/330px-Tagel%C3%B6hnerhaus_qtl1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Tagel%C3%B6hnerhaus_qtl1.jpg/440px-Tagel%C3%B6hnerhaus_qtl1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3936" data-file-height="2824" /></a><figcaption>House of a day labourer in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Open-air_museum_Beuren&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Open-air museum Beuren (page does not exist)">Open-air museum Beuren</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freilichtmuseum_Beuren" class="extiw" title="de:Freilichtmuseum Beuren">de</a>]</span>, Germany</figcaption></figure> <p>Day <a href="/wiki/Laborer" title="Laborer">laborers</a> (also known archaically as <i>daysmen</i><sup id="cite_ref-Webster2020_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Webster2020-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) find work through several common routes. </p><p>Some <a href="/wiki/Employment_agency" title="Employment agency">employment agencies</a> specialize in very short-term contracts for manual labor, primarily in construction, factories, offices, and manufacturing. These companies usually have offices where workers can arrive and be immediately assigned to a job. </p><p>Unions are a second route through which workers find employment. In situations such as an unexpected change in construction plans, an employer may require additional appropriately skilled labor. By contacting a workers' union, the manager can find laborers with appropriate skills. In turn, the union workers have a higher chance of being employed since the manager is able to find workers to employ. Thus, the benefit of union representation applies to both the worker and the employer.<sup id="cite_ref-FreemanMedoff1984_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FreemanMedoff1984-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Freeman2005_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Freeman2005-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Through the union, workers are given a source of recourse to achieve a safe work environment free of favoritism and arbitrary work assignments. Employers benefit from organized labor training programs, benefit plans, dispute resolution<sup id="cite_ref-Local#185_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Local#185-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a labor supply meeting labor demand at many times or places. A labor supply arriving at a specified time and location with less than a day's notice results in reduced <a href="/wiki/Overhead_(business)" title="Overhead (business)">overhead</a> resources, which benefits the employer.<sup id="cite_ref-EhrenbergSmith2003_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EhrenbergSmith2003-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-EhrenbergSmith2016_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EhrenbergSmith2016-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Less formally, workers offer their work to potential employers such as <a href="/wiki/Building_contractor" class="mw-redirect" title="Building contractor">building contractors</a>, landscapers, home owners, and small business owners. Workers assemble at at well-known locations, such as street corners or commercial parking lots, in the hope of finding such work. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Day_labor_in_the_United_States">Day labor in the United States</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Day_labor&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Day labor in the United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Informal day labor is not new to the United States, and day laborers are not always <a href="/wiki/Migrant_workers" class="mw-redirect" title="Migrant workers">migrant workers</a> in many cases. In his study of day laborers in <a href="/wiki/Atlanta" title="Atlanta">Atlanta</a>, Terry Easton interviews <a href="/wiki/White_people" title="White people">white</a>, <a href="/wiki/Black_people" title="Black people">black</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hispanic" title="Hispanic">Hispanic</a> workers.<sup id="cite_ref-Easton_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Easton-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many other metropolitan areas still have non-immigrant day laborers, and many other large and small cities have immigrant day laborers from a variety of countries, including <a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>, Central and South America, and countries in <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a>. Non-immigrant informal day labor, present in many cities, does not generate the controversy or calls to police and local government seen when immigrant day laborers gather to wait for work.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Nonetheless, immigrants are a large source of day labor in the United States. Often, day labor work is in small residential <a href="/wiki/Construction" title="Construction">construction</a> or landscaping.<sup id="cite_ref-Greenhouse2005_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenhouse2005-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These workers earn, on average, $8–$10 an hour. The media and a 2005 study by <a href="/wiki/UCLA" class="mw-redirect" title="UCLA">UCLA</a> portrays day laborers as mostly being illegal immigrants from <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> and <a href="/wiki/Central_America" title="Central America">Central America</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Greenhouse2005_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenhouse2005-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who would otherwise be unable to work due to employment regulations.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other research has found that day laborers are not typically illegal immigrants. Many are citizens of the US, and day labor is often a transition to full-time work.<sup id="cite_ref-Guerette2006_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guerette2006-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Pages: 1–2">: 1–2 </span></sup> </p><p>Unorganized day labor creates problems for day laborers: 1 in 3 corner day laborers have experienced theft of wages in the past two months and 1 in 5 experienced a serious worksite injury in the past year. Low wages and poor working conditions, employer abuse, and lack of insurance for work related accidents is common.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some municipalities and communities have supported workers' efforts to organize themselves into democratically run <a href="/wiki/Day_labor_centers" class="mw-redirect" title="Day labor centers">workers' centers</a>, designated areas, and <a href="/wiki/Organization" title="Organization">organizations</a> to defend <a href="/wiki/Labor_rights" title="Labor rights">workers' rights</a> in general. Workers' Centers of this kind date back at least 18 years<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (March 2014)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> to <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>. Other municipalities have targeted day labor sites for aggressive enforcement of immigration laws. </p><p>Though united in their commitment to the rights of <a href="/wiki/Migrant_worker" title="Migrant worker">immigrant workers</a>, NDLON and the Day Labor Research Institute represent different models of day labor center. NDLON represents the "social service agency model" and the Institute the "day laborer designed model."<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated3_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated3-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These different models of day labor centers may yield markedly different results that reflect the different goals of each model.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated3_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated3-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Problems when workers' centers are established can involve day laborers continuing to congregate in large numbers on the streets surrounding the day labor centers, refusing to leave the street to use the center,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and large numbers of day laborers drawn from other areas to the streets surrounding the centers.<sup id="cite_ref-Guerette2006_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guerette2006-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Pages: 3–4">: 3–4 </span></sup> Low levels of work at the centers, low wages, and problems with the job distribution system are also common.<sup id="cite_ref-Guerette2006_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guerette2006-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 6">: 6 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Day_labor&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peon" title="Peon">Peon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Precariat" title="Precariat">Precariat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Substitute_teacher" title="Substitute teacher">Substitute teacher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temporary_work" title="Temporary work">Temporary work</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Day_labor&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Webster2020-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Webster2020_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/daysman">"<b>daysman</b> - noun"</a>. <i>merriam-webster.com</i>. Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster Dictionary. 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 2,</span> 2020</span>. <q><b>1</b> – <i>archaic</i>: UMPIRE, ARBITER. <b>2</b> – <i>archaic</i>: DAY LABORER.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=merriam-webster.com&rft.atitle=daysman+-+noun&rft.date=2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2Fdaysman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADay+labor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FreemanMedoff1984-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FreemanMedoff1984_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFreemanMedoff1984" class="citation web cs1">Freeman, Richard B.; Medoff, James L. (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110929171619/http://www.uschinalabor.org/docs/What%20Do%20Unions%20Do_E.pdf">"What Do Unions Do?"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. New York: Basic Books, Inc. Chapter 1. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uschinalabor.org/docs%5CWhat%20Do%20Unions%20Do_E.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on September 29, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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(June 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/6785289.pdf">"What do Unions Do?"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (The 2004 M-Brane Stringtwister ed.). Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Sacramento, Redding, Yuba: Laborers' Local #185. 2004. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.laborerslocal185.com/disputes_resolutions.htm">the original</a> on September 17, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 22,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Modern+Labor+Economics%3A+Theory+and+Public+Policy&rft.place=Boston%2C+San+Francisco%2C+New+York&rft.pages=132&rft.edition=8th&rft.pub=Addison+Wesley&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-321-30503-9&rft.aulast=Ehrenberg&rft.aufirst=Ronald+G.&rft.au=Smith%2C+Robert+S.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhomepage.ntu.edu.tw%2F~liuyc%2FLaborPaper%2Fch4sup.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADay+labor" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|work=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EhrenbergSmith2016-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EhrenbergSmith2016_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEhrenbergSmith2016" class="citation book cs1">Ehrenberg, Ronald G.; Smith, Robert S. (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tiMHDAAAQBAJ&q=Modern+Labor+Economics%3A+Theory+%26+Public+Policy+2016"><i>Modern Labor Economics: Theory and Public Policy</i></a> (softcover) (12th ed.). London and New York: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-13-346278-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-13-346278-4"><bdi>978-0-13-346278-4</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Emory Center for Digital Scholarship<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 16,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Southernspaces.org&rft.atitle=Geographies+of+Hope+and+Despair%3A+Atlanta%27s+African+American%2C+Latino%2C+and+White+Day+Laborers&rft.date=2007-12-21&rft.aulast=Easton&rft.aufirst=Terry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsouthernspaces.org%2F2007%2Fgeographies-hope-and-despair-atlantas-african-american-latino-and-white-day-laborers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADay+labor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Greenhouse2005-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Greenhouse2005_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Greenhouse2005_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreenhouse2005" class="citation news cs1">Greenhouse, Steven (October 10, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2005/10/10/national/10depot.html">"Day Laborer Battle Runs Outside Home Depot"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 10,</span> 2005</span> – via nytimes.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Day+Laborer+Battle+Runs+Outside+Home+Depot&rft.date=2005-10-10&rft.aulast=Greenhouse&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2005%2F10%2F10%2Fnational%2F10depot.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADay+labor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070726041901/http://uscode.house.gov/download/pls/Title_08.txt">"Archived copy"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uscode.house.gov/download/pls/Title_08.txt">the original</a> on 2007-07-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-07-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fuscode.house.gov%2Fdownload%2Fpls%2FTitle_08.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADay+labor" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Guerette2006-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Guerette2006_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Guerette2006_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Guerette2006_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuerette2006" class="citation report cs1">Guerette, Rob T. (October 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://popcenter.asu.edu/sites/default/files/sites/default/files/problems/pdfs/disorder_at_daylaborsites.pdf">Disorder at Day Laborer Sites</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>popcenter.asu.edu</i> (Report). Problem-Specific Guides Series, No. 44. U.S. Department of Justice Office of Community Oriented Policing Services.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Disorder+at+Day+Laborer+Sites&rft.series=Problem-Specific+Guides+Series%2C+No.+44&rft.pub=U.S.+Department+of+Justice+Office+of+Community+Oriented+Policing+Services&rft.date=2006-10&rft.aulast=Guerette&rft.aufirst=Rob+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpopcenter.asu.edu%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fproblems%2Fpdfs%2Fdisorder_at_daylaborsites.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADay+labor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070928200315/http://www.issuelab.com/browse/browse_pub.php?pub_id=478">"Speak for Yourself: What Girls Say about What Girls Need"</a>. IssueLab. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.issuelab.com/browse/browse_pub.php?pub_id=478">the original</a> on 2007-09-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-08-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Speak+for+Yourself%3A+What+Girls+Say+about+What+Girls+Need&rft.pub=IssueLab&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.issuelab.com%2Fbrowse%2Fbrowse_pub.php%3Fpub_id%3D478&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADay+labor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ordonez Juan Thomas (2015) Jornalero: Being a Day Laborer in the USA. University of California Press</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated3-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated3_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated3_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071012001207/http://daylaborinfo.org/Documents/Comparing%20Day%20Labor%20Center%20Models.pdf">"Archived copy"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://daylaborinfo.org/Documents/Comparing%20Day%20Labor%20Center%20Models.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2007-10-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-01-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdaylaborinfo.org%2FDocuments%2FComparing%2520Day%2520Labor%2520Center%2520Models.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADay+labor" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSvensson2006" class="citation web cs1">Svensson, Lynn (April 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://myapa.planning.org/planning/member/2006apr/daylaborside.htm?project=Print">"Best Practices for Day Labor Centers" Planning"</a>. American Planning Association.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Best+Practices+for+Day+Labor+Centers%22+Planning&rft.pub=American+Planning+Association&rft.date=2006-04&rft.aulast=Svensson&rft.aufirst=Lynn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmyapa.planning.org%2Fplanning%2Fmember%2F2006apr%2Fdaylaborside.htm%3Fproject%3DPrint&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADay+labor" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged November 2019">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Day_labor&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Odem, Mary. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://southernspaces.org/2006/global-lives-local-struggles-latin-american-immigrants-atlanta">Global Lives, Local Struggles: Latin American Immigrants in Atlanta.</a>" <i>Southern Spaces,</i> May 19, 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://southernspaces.org/2006/global-lives-local-struggles-latin-american-immigrants-atlanta">http://southernspaces.org/2006/global-lives-local-struggles-latin-american-immigrants-atlanta</a></li> <li>Sanchez, George. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://southernspaces.org/2007/latinos-american-south-and-future-us-race-relations">Latinos, the American South, and the Future of U.S. Race Relations.</a>" <i>Southern Spaces,</i> April 26, 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://southernspaces.org/2007/latinos-american-south-and-future-us-race-relations">http://southernspaces.org/2007/latinos-american-south-and-future-us-race-relations</a></li> <li>Svensson, Lynn. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080530142115/http://daylaborinfo.org/Documents/Comparing%20Day%20Labor%20Center%20Models.pdf">Comparing Solutions: An Overview of Day Labor Programs</a>. <i>Day Labor Research Institute,</i> August, 2004.</li> <li>Foster, Meghan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://daylaborinfo.org/Documents/Failing%20to%20Deliver.pdf">Failing to Deliver: One-Stop Employment Centers</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110427234554/http://daylaborinfo.org/Documents/Failing%20to%20Deliver.pdf">Archived</a> 2011-04-27 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>Day Labor/Jobs Project of the Chicago Coalition for the Homeless,</i> 2004</li> <li>Torres, Gustavo. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://daylaborinfo.org/Documents/7.pdf">From Services to Activism: How Latino Day Laborers and Domestic Workers are Advocating for Themselves</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110725222100/http://daylaborinfo.org/Documents/7.pdf">Archived</a> 2011-07-25 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>From Services to Activism: How Latino Day Laborers and Domestic Workers are Advocating for Themselves, NYU/Wagner, Leadership for a Changing World, Research and Documentation Component, Research Center for Leadership in Action,</i> September, 2003.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Day_labor&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Organizations">Organizations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Day_labor&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Organizations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.daylaborstation.org/Resources.htm">Public Architecture's Day Labor Station</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sol-plus.net/jornaleros.htm">Library Service to Day Laborers: Biblio/webliography</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.casa-latina.org/">Casa Latina</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.issuelab.com/search/search.php?r=25&q=day+labor">Issue Lab: Day Labor</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070928200321/http://www.issuelab.com/search/search.php?r=25&q=day+labor">Archived</a> 2007-09-28 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080704103838/http://www.daylaborinfo.org/">Day Labor Research Institute</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_film_and_television">In film and television</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Day_labor&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: In film and television"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/independentlens/theworkers/">PBS The Workers documentary</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/pov/pov2004/farmingville/">PBS Farmingville documentary</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20081030190452/http://www.daylaborthemovie.com/">Day Labor, a short comedy satirizing corporate America through the experience of two laborers</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thejobtheshort.com/">The Job, an award-winning comic short</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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href="/wiki/Template:Immigration_to_the_United_States" title="Template:Immigration to the United States"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Immigration_to_the_United_States" title="Template talk:Immigration to the United States"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Immigration_to_the_United_States" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Immigration to the United States"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Immigration_to_the_United_States_and_related_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_the_United_States" title="Immigration to the United States">Immigration to the United States</a> and related topics</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Relevant colonial era,<br />United States and<br />international laws</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Colonial era</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nationality_law_in_the_American_Colonies" title="Nationality law in the American Colonies">Nationality law in the American Colonies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plantation_Act_1740" title="Plantation Act 1740">Plantation Act 1740</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">18th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Naturalization_Act_of_1790" title="Naturalization Act of 1790">Naturalization Act 1790</a> / <a href="/wiki/Naturalization_Act_of_1795" title="Naturalization Act of 1795">1795</a> / <a href="/wiki/Naturalization_Act_of_1798" title="Naturalization Act of 1798">1798</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">19th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Naturalization_Law_of_1802" title="Naturalization Law of 1802">Naturalization Law 1802</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/An_Act_to_Encourage_Immigration" title="An Act to Encourage Immigration">Act to Encourage Immigration (1864)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1866" title="Civil Rights Act of 1866">Civil Rights Act of 1866</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">14th Amendment (1868)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naturalization_Act_of_1870" title="Naturalization Act of 1870">Naturalization Act 1870</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Page_Act_of_1875" title="Page Act of 1875">Page Act (1875)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_Act_of_1882" title="Immigration Act of 1882">Immigration Act of 1882</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Exclusion_Act" title="Chinese Exclusion Act">Chinese Exclusion (1882)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Act_(1888)" title="Scott Act (1888)">Scott Act (1888)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_Act_of_1891" title="Immigration Act of 1891">Immigration Act of 1891</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geary_Act" title="Geary Act">Geary Act (1892)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">1900–1949</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_Act_of_1903" title="Immigration Act of 1903">Immigration Act 1903</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naturalization_Act_of_1906" title="Naturalization Act of 1906">Naturalization Act 1906</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gentlemen%27s_Agreement_of_1907" title="Gentlemen's Agreement of 1907">Gentlemen's Agreement (1907)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_Act_of_1907" title="Immigration Act of 1907">Immigration Act 1907</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_Act_of_1917" title="Immigration Act of 1917">Immigration Act 1917 (Asian Barred Zone)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_Act_of_1918" title="Immigration Act of 1918">Immigration Act 1918</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emergency_Quota_Act" title="Emergency Quota Act">Emergency Quota Act (1921)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cable_Act" title="Cable Act">Cable Act (1922)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_Act_of_1924" title="Immigration Act of 1924">Immigration Act 1924</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tydings%E2%80%93McDuffie_Act" title="Tydings–McDuffie Act">Tydings–McDuffie Act (1934)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_Repatriation_Act" title="Filipino Repatriation Act">Filipino Repatriation Act (1935)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationality_Act_of_1940" title="Nationality Act of 1940">Nationality Act of 1940</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bracero_Program" title="Bracero Program">Bracero Program (1942–1964)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnuson_Act" title="Magnuson Act">Magnuson Act (1943)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_Brides_Act" title="War Brides Act">War Brides Act (1945)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alien_Fianc%C3%A9es_and_Fianc%C3%A9s_Act" title="Alien Fiancées and Fiancés Act">Alien Fiancées and Fiancés Act (1946)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luce%E2%80%93Celler_Act" title="Luce–Celler Act">Luce–Celler Act (1946)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">1950–1999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Convention_relating_to_the_Status_of_Refugees" class="mw-redirect" title="Convention relating to the Status of Refugees">UN Refugee Convention (1951)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_and_Nationality_Act_of_1952" title="Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952">Immigration and Nationality Act 1952</a> / <a href="/wiki/Immigration_and_Nationality_Act_of_1965" title="Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965">1965</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_and_Nationality_Act_Section_212(f)" title="Immigration and Nationality Act Section 212(f)">Section 212(f)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_and_Nationality_Act_Section_287(g)" title="Immigration and Nationality Act Section 287(g)">Section 287(g)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refugee_Act" title="Refugee Act">Refugee Act (1980)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_Reform_and_Control_Act_of_1986" title="Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986">Immigration Reform and Control Act (1986)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_Fairness" title="Family Fairness">Family Fairness (1987)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Homecoming_Act" title="American Homecoming Act">American Homecoming Act (1989)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_Act_of_1990" title="Immigration Act of 1990">Immigration Act 1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_and_Nationality_Technical_Corrections_Act_of_1994" title="Immigration and Nationality Technical Corrections Act of 1994">Immigration and Nationality Technical Corrections Act (INTCA) 1994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_Immigration_Reform_and_Immigrant_Responsibility_Act_of_1996" title="Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996">Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act (IIRIRA) (1996)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicaraguan_Adjustment_and_Central_American_Relief_Act" title="Nicaraguan Adjustment and Central American Relief Act">Nicaraguan Adjustment and Central American Relief Act (NACARA) (1997)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Competitiveness_and_Workforce_Improvement_Act" title="American Competitiveness and Workforce Improvement Act">American Competitiveness and Workforce Improvement Act (ACWIA) (1998)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">21st century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Competitiveness_in_the_21st_Century_Act" title="American Competitiveness in the 21st Century Act">American Competitiveness in the 21st Century Act (AC21) (2000)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_Immigration_Family_Equity_Act" title="Legal Immigration Family Equity Act">Legal Immigration Family Equity Act (LIFE Act) (2000)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H-1B_Visa_Reform_Act_of_2004" title="H-1B Visa Reform Act of 2004">H-1B Visa Reform Act (2004)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_ID_Act" title="Real ID Act">Real ID Act (2005)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secure_Fence_Act_of_2006" title="Secure Fence Act of 2006">Secure Fence Act (2006)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deferred_Action_for_Childhood_Arrivals" title="Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals">DACA (2012)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deferred_Action_for_Parents_of_Americans" title="Deferred Action for Parents of Americans">DAPA (2014)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_13769" title="Executive Order 13769">Executive Order 13769 (2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_13780" title="Executive Order 13780">Executive Order 13780 (2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ending_Discriminatory_Bans_on_Entry_to_The_United_States" title="Ending Discriminatory Bans on Entry to The United States">Ending Discriminatory Bans on Entry to The United States (2021)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keeping_Families_Together_(United_States_immigration_policy)" title="Keeping Families Together (United States immigration policy)">Keeping Families Together (KFT) (2024)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Visas and policies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Visa_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Visa policy of the United States">Visa policy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Green_card" title="Green card">Permanent residence (Green card)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_Waiver_Program" title="Visa Waiver Program">Visa Waiver Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temporary_protected_status" title="Temporary protected status">Temporary protected status (TPS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asylum_in_the_United_States" title="Asylum in the United States">Asylum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diversity_Immigrant_Visa" title="Diversity Immigrant Visa">Green Card Lottery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_American_Minors_Program" title="Central American Minors Program">Central American Minors</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Employment_authorization_document" title="Employment authorization document">Employment authorization document (EAD card)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deferred_action" title="Deferred action">Deferred action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parole_(United_States_immigration)" title="Parole (United States immigration)">Parole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adjustment_of_status" title="Adjustment of status">Adjustment of status</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/US-VISIT" class="mw-redirect" title="US-VISIT">US-VISIT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_Advisory_Opinion" title="Security Advisory Opinion">Security Advisory Opinion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E-Verify" title="E-Verify">E-Verify</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Origins_Formula" title="National Origins Formula">National Origins Formula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expedited_removal" title="Expedited removal">Expedited removal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_detention_in_the_United_States" title="Immigration detention in the United States">Detention</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Family_immigration_detention_in_the_United_States" title="Family immigration detention in the United States">Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unaccompanied_Alien_Children" title="Unaccompanied Alien Children">Unaccompanied children</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trump_administration_family_separation_policy" title="Trump administration family separation policy">Trump administration family separation policy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Government<br />organizations</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security" title="United States Department of Homeland Security">Department of Homeland Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Immigration_and_Customs_Enforcement" title="U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement">Immigration and Customs Enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Border_Patrol" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Border Patrol">U.S. Border Patrol</a> (<a href="/wiki/BORTAC" title="BORTAC">BORTAC</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection" title="U.S. Customs and Border Protection">U.S. Customs and Border Protection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Citizenship_and_Immigration_Services" title="United States Citizenship and Immigration Services">U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_and_Naturalization_Service" title="Immigration and Naturalization Service">Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Office_for_Immigration_Review" title="Executive Office for Immigration Review">Executive Office for Immigration Review</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Board_of_Immigration_Appeals" title="Board of Immigration Appeals">Board of Immigration Appeals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Refugee_Resettlement" title="Office of Refugee Resettlement">Office of Refugee Resettlement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:United_States_immigration_and_naturalization_case_law" title="Category:United States immigration and naturalization case law">Supreme Court cases</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Wong_Kim_Ark" title="United States v. Wong Kim Ark"><i>US v. Wong Kim Ark</i> (1898)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ozawa_v._United_States" title="Ozawa v. United States"><i>Ozawa v. US</i> (1922)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Bhagat_Singh_Thind" title="United States v. Bhagat Singh Thind"><i>US v. Bhagat Singh Thind</i> (1923)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Brignoni-Ponce" title="United States v. Brignoni-Ponce"><i>US v. Brignoni-Ponce</i> (1975)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zadvydas_v._Davis" title="Zadvydas v. Davis">Zadvydas v. Davis</a></i> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Commerce_v._Whiting" title="Chamber of Commerce v. Whiting"><i>Chamber of Commerce v. Whiting</i> (2011)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barton_v._Barr" title="Barton v. Barr"><i>Barton v. Barr</i> (2020)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Homeland_Security_v._Regents_of_the_University_of_California" title="Department of Homeland Security v. Regents of the University of California"><i>DHS v. Regents of the Univ. of Cal.</i></a> / <i><a href="/wiki/Wolf_v._Vidal" title="Wolf v. Vidal">Wolf v. Vidal</a></i> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niz-Chavez_v._Garland" title="Niz-Chavez v. Garland"><i>Niz-Chavez v. Garland</i> (2021)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanchez_v._Mayorkas" title="Sanchez v. Mayorkas"><i>Sanchez v. Mayorkas</i> (2021)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_State_v._Mu%C3%B1oz" title="Department of State v. Muñoz"><i>Department of State v. Muñoz</i> (2024)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Related issues<br />and events</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2006_United_States_immigration_reform_protests" title="2006 United States immigration reform protests">2006 protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brooks_County,_Texas" title="Brooks County, Texas">Brooks County, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_American_migrant_caravans" title="Central American migrant caravans">Central American migrant caravans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_illegal_immigrants_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic impact of illegal immigrants in the United States">Economic impact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effects_of_immigration_to_the_United_States" title="Effects of immigration to the United States">Effects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugenics_in_the_United_States" title="Eugenics in the United States">Eugenics in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guest_worker_program" title="Guest worker program">Guest worker program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_trafficking_in_the_United_States" title="Human trafficking in the United States">Human trafficking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_smuggling" title="People smuggling">Human smuggling</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coyotaje" class="mw-redirect" title="Coyotaje">Coyotaje</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_reduction_in_the_United_States" title="Immigration reduction in the United States">Immigration reduction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_reform" title="Immigration reform">Immigration reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_deported_or_removed_from_the_United_States" title="List of people deported or removed from the United States">List of people deported from the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93United_States_border_crisis" title="Mexico–United States border crisis">Mexico–United States border crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93United_States_border_wall" title="Mexico–United States border wall">Mexico–United States border wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shortage#add_Labor_shortage" title="Shortage">Labor shortage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_for_America" title="March for America">March for America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_immigrant_population_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Illegal immigrant population of the United States">Illegal immigrant population</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reverse_immigration_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Reverse immigration in the United States">Reverse immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_American_immigration_crisis" title="2014 American immigration crisis">Unaccompanied minors from Central America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_immigration_to_the_United_States" title="Illegal immigration to the United States">Illegal immigration to the United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geography</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93United_States_border" title="Mexico–United States border">Mexico–United States border</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93United_States_border" title="Canada–United States border">Canada–United States border</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Border_Patrol_interior_checkpoints" title="United States Border Patrol interior checkpoints">United States Border Patrol interior checkpoints</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Proposed legislation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DREAM_Act" title="DREAM Act">DREAM Act (2001–2010)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Border_Protection,_Anti-terrorism_and_Illegal_Immigration_Control_Act_of_2005" title="Border Protection, Anti-terrorism and Illegal Immigration Control Act of 2005">H.R. 4437 (2005)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secure_America_and_Orderly_Immigration_Act" title="Secure America and Orderly Immigration Act">McCain–Kennedy (2005)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_Immigration_Reform_Act_of_2006" title="Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act of 2006">Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act 2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_Through_Regularized_Immigration_and_a_Vibrant_Economy_Act_of_2007" title="Security Through Regularized Immigration and a Vibrant Economy Act of 2007">STRIVE Act (2007)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_Immigration_Reform_Act_of_2007" title="Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act of 2007">Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act 2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniting_American_Families_Act" title="Uniting American Families Act">Uniting American Families Act (2000–2013)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Border_Security,_Economic_Opportunity,_and_Immigration_Modernization_Act_of_2013" title="Border Security, Economic Opportunity, and Immigration Modernization Act of 2013">Border Security, Economic Opportunity, and Immigration Modernization Act of 2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_SAFE_Act_of_2015" title="American SAFE Act of 2015">SAFE Act (2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAISE_Act" title="RAISE Act">RAISE Act (2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/US_Citizenship_Act_of_2021" class="mw-redirect" title="US Citizenship Act of 2021">US Citizenship Act of 2021</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Immigration stations<br />and points of entry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angel_Island_Immigration_Station" title="Angel Island Immigration Station">Angel Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castle_Clinton" title="Castle Clinton">Castle Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Boston_Immigration_Station" title="East Boston Immigration Station">East Boston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellis_Island" title="Ellis Island">Ellis Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otay_Mesa_Port_of_Entry" title="Otay Mesa Port of Entry">Otay Mesa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Ysidro_Port_of_Entry" title="San Ysidro Port of Entry">San Ysidro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sullivan%27s_Island,_South_Carolina" title="Sullivan's Island, South Carolina">Sullivan's Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Avenue_Immigration_Station" title="Washington Avenue Immigration Station">Washington Avenue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Operations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Wetback" title="Operation Wetback">"Wetback" (1954)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Peter_Pan" title="Operation Peter Pan">"Peter Pan" (1960–1962)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Babylift" title="Operation Babylift">"Babylift" (1975)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Gatekeeper" title="Operation Gatekeeper">"Gatekeeper" (1994)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Endgame" title="Operation Endgame">"Endgame" (2003–2012)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Front_Line" title="Operation Front Line">"Front Line" (2004–2005)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Streamline" title="Operation Streamline">"Streamline" (2005–present)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Return_to_Sender" title="Operation Return to Sender">"Return to Sender" (2006–2007)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Jump_Start" title="Operation Jump Start">"Jump Start" (2006–2008)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Phalanx_(2010-2016)" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Phalanx (2010-2016)">"Phalanx" (2010–2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Faithful_Patriot" title="Operation Faithful Patriot">"Faithful Patriot" (2018–present)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">State legislation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/California_DREAM_Act" title="California DREAM Act">California DREAM Act (2006–2010)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070" title="Arizona SB 1070">Arizona SB 1070 (2010)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alabama_HB_56" title="Alabama HB 56">Alabama HB 56 (2011)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Non-governmental<br />organizations</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arizona_Border_Recon" title="Arizona Border Recon">Arizona Border Recon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_Coalition_for_Immigration_Reform" title="California Coalition for Immigration Reform">California Coalition for Immigration Reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CASA_of_Maryland" class="mw-redirect" title="CASA of Maryland">CASA of Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_Immigration_Studies" title="Center for Immigration Studies">Center for Immigration Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_Migration_Studies_of_New_York" title="Center for Migration Studies of New York">Center for Migration Studies of New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coalition_for_Humane_Immigrant_Rights_of_Los_Angeles" title="Coalition for Humane Immigrant Rights of Los Angeles">Coalition for Humane Immigrant Rights of Los Angeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coalition_for_Comprehensive_Immigration_Reform" title="Coalition for Comprehensive Immigration Reform">Coalition for Comprehensive Immigration Reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_Change" title="Community Change">Community Change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_for_American_Immigration_Reform" title="Federation for American Immigration Reform">Federation for American Immigration Reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Improve_The_Dream" title="Improve The Dream">Improve The Dream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexica_Movement" title="Mexica Movement">Mexica Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexicans_Without_Borders" title="Mexicans Without Borders">Mexicans Without Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Migration_Policy_Institute" title="Migration Policy Institute">Migration Policy Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minuteman_Civil_Defense_Corps" title="Minuteman Civil Defense Corps">Minuteman Civil Defense Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minuteman_Project" title="Minuteman Project">Minuteman Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Immigration_Forum" title="National Immigration Forum">National Immigration Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Korean_American_Service_%26_Education_Consortium" title="National Korean American Service & Education Consortium">National Korean American Service & Education Consortium (NAKASEC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negative_Population_Growth" title="Negative Population Growth">Negative Population Growth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_More_Deaths" title="No More Deaths">No More Deaths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NumbersUSA" title="NumbersUSA">NumbersUSA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Save_Our_State" title="Save Our State">Save Our State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utah_Compact" title="Utah Compact">Utah Compact</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Documentaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Borderland_(TV_series)" title="Borderland (TV series)">Borderland (TV series)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Missing_in_Brooks_County" title="Missing in Brooks County">Missing in Brooks County</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q897359#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks 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