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In recent years, private actions have… </p> </div> </div> </div> </div>   <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg bg-black navbar-dark d-block px-2" style="z-index: 2000;"> <div class="container-fluid">  <ul class="navbar-nav d-flex flex-row ms-auto">  <li class="nav-item me-3 me-lg-0"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=https://www.pymnts.com/cpi-posts/private-competition-litigation-in-canada/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"> <i class="bi bi-facebook text-white"></i> </a> </li> <li class="nav-item me-3 me-lg-0"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=Private+Competition+Litigation+in+Canada&url=https://www.pymnts.com/cpi-posts/private-competition-litigation-in-canada/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"> <i class="bi bi-twitter-x text-white"></i> </a> </li> <li class="nav-item me-3 me-lg-0"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://www.linkedin.com/sharing/share-offsite/?url=https://www.pymnts.com/cpi-posts/private-competition-litigation-in-canada/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"> <i class="bi bi-linkedin text-white"></i> </a> </li> <li class="nav-item me-3 me-lg-0"> <a class="nav-link" href="mailto:?subject=Private+Competition+Litigation+in+Canada&body=I+found+this+article+interesting+and+want+to+share+it+with+you.+Check+it+out:+https://www.pymnts.com/cpi-posts/private-competition-litigation-in-canada/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"> <i class="bi bi-envelope text-white"></i> </a> </li> <li class="nav-item me-3 me-lg-0"> <a class="nav-link" href="javascript:window.print()" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"> <i class="bi bi-printer-fill text-white"></i> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav>  </header>   <main class="my-5"> <div class="container"> <div class="row " id="articlePost"> <div class="col-12 mx-auto mb-4" id="insertArticle"> <div id="pymnts-content1482934" class="single lh-article mt-1 lnk-article"> <style> /* HTML: <div class="loader"></div> */ .cpi-spinner-loader { width: 60px; aspect-ratio: 2; --_g: no-repeat radial-gradient(circle closest-side,#000 90%,#0000); background: var(--_g) 0% 50%, var(--_g) 50% 50%, var(--_g) 100% 50%; background-size: calc(100%/3) 50%; animation: l3 1s infinite linear; } @keyframes l3 { 20%{background-position:0% 0%, 50% 50%,100% 50%} 40%{background-position:0% 100%, 50% 0%,100% 50%} 60%{background-position:0% 50%, 50% 100%,100% 0%} 80%{background-position:0% 50%, 50% 50%,100% 100%} } </style> <script> const isPaywall = false; const cpiPostId = 1581927; console.log("cpiPostId", cpiPostId); function handlePaywall () { // If token is in url then store in local storage const searchParams = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search); if (searchParams.has('token')) { console.log("STORING TOKEN") const token = searchParams.get('token') localStorage.removeItem('cpi_auth_token'); localStorage.setItem('cpi_auth_token', token.toString()) } const cpiAuthToken = localStorage.getItem('cpi_auth_token'); if (cpiAuthToken) { const validationEl = document.querySelector('.validation-notice-container'); let origHtml = validationEl.innerHTML; validationEl.innerHTML = "<div class='cpi-spinner-loader'></div>"; const request = { url: window.location.href, method: 'post', data: { cpiAuthToken } } console.log('request', request); axios(request) .then(response => { if (response.data) { const insertPoint = document.getElementById('cpi_chronicle_content'); if (insertPoint) insertPoint.innerHTML = response.data; else { validationEl.innerHTML = origHtml; } } }) .catch(err => { console.error(err) validationEl.innerHTML = origHtml; }) } // If token in local storage, post it to the current url // If any text is returned in the post, replace the article with it. //alert('handlePaywall'); } window.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', handlePaywall); </script> <div id="cpi_chronicle_content"> <script>cpiAuthSteps.push('checking if login required');</script><h3><strong>Davit Akman, Adam Fanaki, Mark Katz, Aug 31, 2010</strong></h3> <div id="article_content"> <p>Private competition litigation, particularly class action litigation, is an area of growing importance in Canada. In recent years, private actions have played an increasingly prominent role in the enforcement of competition law in Canada. The Canadian regime incorporates many elements of U.S. private antitrust litigation, while preserving a number of Canadian aspects intended to guard against abuses of the system, such as awarding compensatory d</p></div>... <div class="validation-notice-container"> <div class="fade-out"></div> <div class="validation-notice my-auto text-center d-flex align-items-center justify-content-center" style="background-color: #94efff; padding: 1.5rem; border-radius: 4px;" > <div> <h6 class='fs-4'>THIS ARTICLE IS NOT AVAILABLE FOR IP ADDRESS 8.222.208.146</h6>  <p class='mb-0'> Please <a href="https://www.pymnts.com/cpi/account-management?origin=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pymnts.com%2Fcpi-posts%2Fprivate-competition-litigation-in-canada%2F" id="signInButton"><i class="td-icon-font td-icon-logout"></i>verify email</a> or <a href="https://www.pymnts.com/cpi/subscriptions">join us</a> to access premium content! </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <script> const companyInfo = JSON.parse('[]'); console.log('companyInfo', companyInfo); 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