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class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consuelo_Vanderbilt" title="Consuelo Vanderbilt – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Consuelo Vanderbilt" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consuelo_Vanderbilt" title="Consuelo Vanderbilt – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Consuelo Vanderbilt" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consuelo_Vanderbilt" title="Consuelo Vanderbilt – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Consuelo Vanderbilt" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%BF%CE%BD%CF%83%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%AD%CE%BB%CE%BF_%CE%92%CE%AC%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%B9%CE%BB%CF%84" title="Κονσουέλο Βάντερμπιλτ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κονσουέλο Βάντερμπιλτ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consuelo_Vanderbilt" title="Consuelo Vanderbilt – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Consuelo Vanderbilt" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consuelo_Vanderbilt" title="Consuelo Vanderbilt – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Consuelo Vanderbilt" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consuelo_Vanderbilt" title="Consuelo Vanderbilt – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Consuelo Vanderbilt" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consuelo_Vanderbilt" title="Consuelo Vanderbilt – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Consuelo Vanderbilt" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%95_%D7%95%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%98" title="קונסואלו ואנדרבילט – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קונסואלו ואנדרבילט" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consuelo_Vanderbilt" title="Consuelo Vanderbilt – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Consuelo Vanderbilt" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B3%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9%E3%82%A8%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BB%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A1%E3%83%B3%E3%83%80%E3%83%BC%E3%83%93%E3%83%AB%E3%83%88" title="コンスエロ・ヴァンダービルト – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="コンスエロ・ヴァンダービルト" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consuelo_Vanderbilt" title="Consuelo Vanderbilt – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Consuelo Vanderbilt" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consuelo_Vanderbilt" title="Consuelo Vanderbilt – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Consuelo Vanderbilt" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a 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div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Consuelo Vanderbilt</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Consuelo_Vanderbilt5.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Consuelo_Vanderbilt5.jpg/250px-Consuelo_Vanderbilt5.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Consuelo_Vanderbilt5.jpg/330px-Consuelo_Vanderbilt5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2f/Consuelo_Vanderbilt5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="364" data-file-height="497" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">The Duchess of Marlborough (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1900–05</span>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Consuelo Vanderbilt</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1877-03-02</span>)</span>2 March 1877<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, United States</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">6 December 1964<span style="display:none">(1964-12-06)</span> (aged 87)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Southampton_(village),_New_York" title="Southampton (village), New York">Southampton</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a>, United States</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/St_Martin%27s_Church,_Bladon" title="St Martin's Church, Bladon">St Martin's Church</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bladon" title="Bladon">Bladon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oxfordshire" title="Oxfordshire">Oxfordshire</a>, England</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouses</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Spencer-Churchill,_9th_Duke_of_Marlborough" title="Charles Spencer-Churchill, 9th Duke of Marlborough">Charles Spencer-Churchill, 9th Duke of Marlborough</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="6 November 1895">1895</span>; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1921)<wbr /></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712" /></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Balsan" title="Jacques Balsan">Jacques Balsan</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="4 July 1921">1921</span>; died <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="4 November 1956">1956</span>)<wbr /></div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Spencer-Churchill,_10th_Duke_of_Marlborough" title="John Spencer-Churchill, 10th Duke of Marlborough">John Spencer-Churchill, 10th Duke of Marlborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Ivor_Spencer-Churchill" title="Lord Ivor Spencer-Churchill">Lord Ivor Spencer-Churchill</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parents</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Kissam_Vanderbilt" title="William Kissam Vanderbilt">William Kissam Vanderbilt</a> (father)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Alva_Belmont" title="Alva Belmont">Alva Erskine Smith</a> (mother)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Family</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vanderbilt_family" title="Vanderbilt family">Vanderbilt</a> (by birth)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spencer_family" title="Spencer family">Spencer</a> (by marriage)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Consuelo Vanderbilt-Balsan</b> (formerly <b>Consuelo Spencer-Churchill, Duchess of Marlborough</b>; born <b>Consuelo Vanderbilt</b>; 2 March 1877 – 6 December 1964) was an American <a href="/wiki/Socialite" title="Socialite">socialite</a> and member of the <a href="/wiki/Vanderbilt_family" title="Vanderbilt family">Vanderbilt family</a>. Her first marriage to the <a href="/wiki/Charles_Spencer-Churchill,_9th_Duke_of_Marlborough" title="Charles Spencer-Churchill, 9th Duke of Marlborough">9th Duke of Marlborough</a> has become a well-known example of the <a href="/wiki/Marriage_of_convenience" title="Marriage of convenience">advantageous, but loveless</a> marriages common during the <a href="/wiki/Gilded_Age" title="Gilded Age">Gilded Age</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Duke obtained a large dowry through the marriage and reportedly told her just after the wedding that he married her in order to "save <a href="/wiki/Blenheim_Palace" title="Blenheim Palace">Blenheim Palace</a>", his ancestral home.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although the young Consuelo was opposed to the marriage arranged by her mother, she became a popular and influential duchess. For much of their 25-year marriage, the Marlboroughs lived separately; after an official separation in 1906, the couple was divorced in 1921, followed by an annulment in 1926. Her first marriage produced two sons, <a href="/wiki/John_Spencer-Churchill,_10th_Duke_of_Marlborough" title="John Spencer-Churchill, 10th Duke of Marlborough">John</a> (the 10th Duke) and <a href="/wiki/Lord_Ivor_Spencer-Churchill" title="Lord Ivor Spencer-Churchill">Ivor</a>. She went on to marry the wealthy French aviator <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Balsan" title="Jacques Balsan">Jacques Balsan</a> and continued her charitable endeavours. Consuelo and Balsan lived in France just prior to <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, then moved to the United States. As stipulated in her will, she was buried near her younger son, Lord Ivor, at <a href="/wiki/St_Martin%27s_Church,_Bladon" title="St Martin's Church, Bladon">St Martin's Church</a>, the parish church for Blenheim Palace.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Consuelo_Vanderbilt&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Consuelo_Vanderbilt,_Young.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Consuelo_Vanderbilt%2C_Young.jpg/220px-Consuelo_Vanderbilt%2C_Young.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="287" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Consuelo_Vanderbilt%2C_Young.jpg/330px-Consuelo_Vanderbilt%2C_Young.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Consuelo_Vanderbilt%2C_Young.jpg/440px-Consuelo_Vanderbilt%2C_Young.jpg 2x" data-file-width="880" data-file-height="1146" /></a><figcaption>Consuelo as a child</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Consuelo_Vanderbilt_2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Consuelo_Vanderbilt_2.png/250px-Consuelo_Vanderbilt_2.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="292" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Consuelo_Vanderbilt_2.png/330px-Consuelo_Vanderbilt_2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Consuelo_Vanderbilt_2.png/500px-Consuelo_Vanderbilt_2.png 2x" data-file-width="725" data-file-height="962" /></a><figcaption>Consuelo as a teenager</figcaption></figure> <p>Born in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, Consuelo was the only daughter and eldest child of <a href="/wiki/William_Kissam_Vanderbilt" title="William Kissam Vanderbilt">William Kissam Vanderbilt</a>, a New York railroad millionaire, and his first wife, <a href="/wiki/Alva_Belmont" title="Alva Belmont">Alva Erskine Smith</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Southern_belle" title="Southern belle">Southern belle</a>, budding suffragist, and daughter of <a href="/wiki/Murray_Forbes_Smith" title="Murray Forbes Smith">Murray Forbes Smith</a>. Consuelo's Spanish name was in honor of her godmother, <a href="/wiki/Consuelo_Montagu,_Duchess_of_Manchester" title="Consuelo Montagu, Duchess of Manchester">Consuelo Yznaga</a>, a half-<a href="/wiki/Cubans" title="Cubans">Cuban</a>, half-<a href="/wiki/Americans" title="Americans">American</a> socialite who had created a social stir in 1876 when she married the fortune-hunting <a href="/wiki/George_Montagu,_8th_Duke_of_Manchester" title="George Montagu, 8th Duke of Manchester">George Montagu, Viscount Mandeville</a> (later 8th <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Manchester" title="Duke of Manchester">Duke of Manchester</a>), a union of <a href="/wiki/Old_World" title="Old World">Old World</a> aristocracy and <a href="/wiki/New_World" title="New World">New World</a> money. </p><p>Consuelo was largely dominated by her mother, who was determined that her daughter would make a great match like that of her famous namesake. In her autobiography, Consuelo described how she was required to wear a steel rod, which ran down her spine and fastened around her waist and over her shoulders, to improve her posture.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was educated entirely at home by governesses and tutors, and learned foreign languages at an early age.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her mother whipped her with a <a href="/wiki/Crop_(implement)" title="Crop (implement)">riding crop</a> for minor infractions,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and when, as a teenager, Consuelo objected to the clothing her mother had selected for her, Alva told her that "<i>I</i> do the thinking, you do as you are told."<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Like her godmother, Consuelo attracted numerous title-bearing suitors anxious to trade social position for cash. Her mother reportedly received at least five proposals for her hand. Consuelo was allowed to consider the proposal of just one of the men, <a href="/wiki/Prince_Francis_Joseph_of_Battenberg" title="Prince Francis Joseph of Battenberg">Prince Francis Joseph of Battenberg</a>, but she developed an instant aversion to him.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> None of the others, however, was good enough for Alva, herself the daughter of a <a href="/wiki/Cotton_factor" title="Cotton factor">cotton broker</a>. </p><p>Consuelo was considered a great beauty, with a face compelling enough to cause the <a href="/wiki/Playwright" title="Playwright">playwright</a> <a href="/wiki/J._M._Barrie" title="J. M. Barrie">Sir James Barrie</a>, author of <i><a href="/wiki/Peter_Pan" title="Peter Pan">Peter Pan</a></i>, to write, "I would stand all day in the street to see Consuelo Marlborough get into her carriage."<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">Oxford</a> undergraduate Guy Fortescue later described how he and his friends were captivated by her "<i>piquante</i> oval face perched upon a long slender neck, her enormous dark eyes fringed with curling lashes, her dimples, and her tiny teeth when she smiled".<sup id="cite_ref-Stuart,_p._209_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stuart,_p._209-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She came to embody the "slim, tight look" that was in vogue during the <a href="/wiki/Edwardian_era" title="Edwardian era">Edwardian era</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Stuart,_p._209_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stuart,_p._209-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="First_marriage">First marriage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Consuelo_Vanderbilt&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: First marriage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:La_Duchesse_de_Marlborough,_Consuelo_Vanderbilt,_by_Helleu,_1901.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/La_Duchesse_de_Marlborough%2C_Consuelo_Vanderbilt%2C_by_Helleu%2C_1901.jpg/220px-La_Duchesse_de_Marlborough%2C_Consuelo_Vanderbilt%2C_by_Helleu%2C_1901.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="337" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/La_Duchesse_de_Marlborough%2C_Consuelo_Vanderbilt%2C_by_Helleu%2C_1901.jpg/330px-La_Duchesse_de_Marlborough%2C_Consuelo_Vanderbilt%2C_by_Helleu%2C_1901.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/La_Duchesse_de_Marlborough%2C_Consuelo_Vanderbilt%2C_by_Helleu%2C_1901.jpg/440px-La_Duchesse_de_Marlborough%2C_Consuelo_Vanderbilt%2C_by_Helleu%2C_1901.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1468" data-file-height="2250" /></a><figcaption> The Duchess of Marlborough, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1903, by <a href="/wiki/Paul_C%C3%A9sar_Helleu" title="Paul César Helleu">Paul César Helleu</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Determined to secure the highest-ranking mate possible for her only daughter, a union that would emphasize the preeminence of the Vanderbilt family, Alva engineered a meeting between Consuelo and the indebted, titled <a href="/wiki/Charles_Spencer-Churchill,_9th_Duke_of_Marlborough" title="Charles Spencer-Churchill, 9th Duke of Marlborough">Charles Spencer-Churchill, 9th Duke of Marlborough</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2telain" title="Châtelain">chatelain</a> of <a href="/wiki/Blenheim_Palace" title="Blenheim Palace">Blenheim Palace</a>. The matchmaker was Lady Paget, the wife of <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Paget_(British_Army_officer)" title="Arthur Paget (British Army officer)">Sir Arthur Paget</a>. Born as Mary "Minnie" Stevens, Lady Paget was the daughter of Marietta Reed Stevens, the socially ambitious widow of American hotel entrepreneur Paran Stevens, who had successfully obtained admittance to the exclusive New York society of the fabled "<a href="/wiki/The_Four_Hundred_(Gilded_Age)" title="The Four Hundred (Gilded Age)">Four Hundred</a>". Lady Paget, always short of money, became a sort of international marital agent, introducing eligible American heiresses to British noblemen.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Consuelo had no interest in the Duke, being secretly engaged to <a href="/wiki/Winthrop_Rutherfurd" title="Winthrop Rutherfurd">Winthrop Rutherfurd</a>, an American socialite 15 years her senior.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her mother begged, and then ultimately ordered her daughter to marry the Duke. When Consuelo — a docile teenager known only for her obedience to her fearsome mother — made plans to elope, she was locked in her room as Alva threatened to murder Rutherfurd.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Consuelo refused until it was claimed that Alva's health was being undermined by Consuelo's stubbornness, and she appeared to be at death's door.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alva made an astonishing recovery from her supposed illness, and when the wedding took place, Consuelo stood at the altar reportedly weeping behind her veil.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Duke, for his part, allegedly gave up the woman he loved back in England and collected $2,500,000 ($91,600,000 in 2024 <a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">dollars</a>) in railroad stock as a marriage settlement.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Consuelo_Vanderbilt2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Consuelo_Vanderbilt2.jpg/220px-Consuelo_Vanderbilt2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="280" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Consuelo_Vanderbilt2.jpg/330px-Consuelo_Vanderbilt2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Consuelo_Vanderbilt2.jpg/440px-Consuelo_Vanderbilt2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1831" data-file-height="2334" /></a><figcaption>Consuelo, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1910</span></figcaption></figure> <p>Consuelo married the Duke at <a href="/wiki/Saint_Thomas_Church_(Manhattan)" title="Saint Thomas Church (Manhattan)">Saint Thomas Church</a> in Manhattan, on 6 November 1895.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They had two sons, <a href="/wiki/John_Spencer-Churchill,_10th_Duke_of_Marlborough" title="John Spencer-Churchill, 10th Duke of Marlborough">John Albert Edward William Spencer-Churchill, Marquess of Blandford</a> (later 10th <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Marlborough_(title)" title="Duke of Marlborough (title)">Duke of Marlborough</a> and a godson of the future King <a href="/wiki/Edward_VII" title="Edward VII">Edward VII</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in 1897, and <a href="/wiki/Lord_Ivor_Spencer-Churchill" title="Lord Ivor Spencer-Churchill">Lord Ivor Charles Spencer-Churchill</a> in 1898.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The new Duchess was adored by the poor and less fortunate tenants on her husband's estate, whom she visited and to whom she provided assistance. She later became involved with other philanthropic projects and was particularly interested in those that affected mothers and children.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was also a social success with the royalty and nobility of Britain.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Consuelo was considered to be politically liberal and quite progressive for an aristocrat, with her advocacy for social reforms and endorsement of the Liberal Party's welfare agenda, such as free school meals, free medical inspection for children, national insurance for workers, and old-age pensions.<sup id="cite_ref-Stuart,_pp._412-425_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stuart,_pp._412-425-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was also an advocate for women's suffrage, seeing it as a means to remedy social welfare problems — though she condemned militant tactics in stark contrast with her more radical mother.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1913, she became chairwoman of the Women's Municipal Party to promote greater female participation in municipal elections.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Given the ill-fitting match between the Duke and his wife, it was only a matter of time before their marriage was in name only. A few years into their marriage, Consuelo reconnected with Winthrop Rutherfurd and went on to spend two weeks in Paris with him. Soon after, she confessed to her husband that she loved Rutherfurd and wished to elope with him (the Duke's second wife, <a href="/wiki/Gladys_Spencer-Churchill,_Duchess_of_Marlborough" title="Gladys Spencer-Churchill, Duchess of Marlborough">Gladys</a>, later implied that Consuelo's second son was Rutherfurd's). In 1900, with the Duke's reluctant permission, she went to London to discuss the elopement with Rutherfurd, only for him to refuse her. In despair, the Duke set off for <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>, where his cousin, <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a>, was serving in the <a href="/wiki/Second_Boer_War" title="Second Boer War">Second Boer War</a>. He was away for six months, returning in July 1900. Upon his return, Consuelo confessed to having an affair with his cousin, Reginald Fellowes.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She may also have had an affair with the artist <a href="/wiki/Paul_C%C3%A9sar_Helleu" title="Paul César Helleu">Paul César Helleu</a>, who portrayed her several times in his sketches and pastel artwork. The artist's daughter believed that Helleu and Consuelo probably had an affair between 1900 and 1901, which continued after his return to <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, where she visited him and sat for him again.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By this time the Duke and Duchess had completely stopped being intimate, and soon the Duke fell for <a href="/wiki/Gladys_Spencer-Churchill,_Duchess_of_Marlborough" title="Gladys Spencer-Churchill, Duchess of Marlborough">Gladys Deacon</a>, an eccentric American of little money but, like Consuelo, dazzling to look at and of considerable intellect.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After Consuelo's affair and planned elopement with the married <a href="/wiki/Charles_Vane-Tempest-Stewart,_7th_Marquess_of_Londonderry" title="Charles Vane-Tempest-Stewart, 7th Marquess of Londonderry">Charles Vane-Tempest-Stewart, Viscount Castlereagh</a> (later 7th <a href="/wiki/Marquess_of_Londonderry" title="Marquess of Londonderry">Marquess of Londonderry</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Marlboroughs separated in 1906 and divorced in 1921. The marriage was annulled, at the Duke's request and with Consuelo's assent, on 19 August 1926.<sup id="cite_ref-Stuart,_pp._412-425_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stuart,_pp._412-425-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Consuelo_Vanderbilt_mit_Winston_Churchill.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Consuelo_Vanderbilt_mit_Winston_Churchill.jpg/220px-Consuelo_Vanderbilt_mit_Winston_Churchill.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Consuelo_Vanderbilt_mit_Winston_Churchill.jpg/330px-Consuelo_Vanderbilt_mit_Winston_Churchill.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Consuelo_Vanderbilt_mit_Winston_Churchill.jpg/440px-Consuelo_Vanderbilt_mit_Winston_Churchill.jpg 2x" data-file-width="598" data-file-height="498" /></a><figcaption>Consuelo and Winston Churchill at Blenheim Palace, 1902</figcaption></figure> <p>Though largely embarked upon as a way to facilitate the <a href="/wiki/Anglican" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglican">Anglican</a> Duke's desire to convert to <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholicism">Roman Catholicism</a>, the annulment, to the surprise of many, was also fully supported by Consuelo's mother, who testified that the Vanderbilt-Marlborough marriage had been an act of unmistakable coercion. "I forced my daughter to marry the Duke," Alva told an investigator, adding, "I have always had absolute power over my daughter."<sup id="cite_ref-Stuart,_pp._412-425_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stuart,_pp._412-425-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In later years, Consuelo and her mother enjoyed a closer, easier relationship.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Marriage_settlement_and_personal_fortune">Marriage settlement and personal fortune</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Consuelo_Vanderbilt&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Marriage settlement and personal fortune"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As one of the wealthiest and most well-known "<a href="/wiki/American_dollar_princess" class="mw-redirect" title="American dollar princess">dollar princesses</a>" of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the financial settlement at the center of the union of Consuelo Vanderbilt and the 9th Duke of Marlborough continues to attract commentary and reference more than a century after the wedding took place. </p><p>The marriage settlement provided for the Duke to receive a $2,500,000 trust that would pay $100,000 per year. Consuelo also received a further $100,000 per year. The combined annual income of $200,000 (£40,000) more than doubled the income the Duke had enjoyed from his estates prior to the marriage. Consuelo and the Duke also acquired several large gifts from her father, <a href="/wiki/William_Kissam_Vanderbilt" title="William Kissam Vanderbilt">William K. Vanderbilt</a>, including a palatial London <a href="/wiki/Townhouse_(Great_Britain)" title="Townhouse (Great Britain)">townhouse</a> and a reported sum of $1,000,000 in cash to mark the Duke's safe return from South Africa. </p> <dl><dt>The Duke's trust</dt></dl> <p>The Duke received 50,000 shares of <a href="/wiki/Beech_Creek_Railroad" title="Beech Creek Railroad">Beech Creek Railroad</a> stock, valued at $2,500,000, which was to be placed in trust, with a guaranteed income of at least 4% ($100,000 or £20,000) per year to be paid to the Duke for his lifetime, and then to Consuelo if she survived him. Following the deaths of both Consuelo and the Duke, the income from the trust would be paid to the next <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Marlborough_(title)" title="Duke of Marlborough (title)">Duke of Marlborough</a>, provided that he was a descendant of the 9th Duke. In the event of Consuelo and the Duke not being survived by a son or male-line descendant, the trust would vest in their other descendants, which the Duke had the power to appoint by deed or will.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A 1944 court ruling in the Chancery Division of the English <a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_Justice" title="High Court of Justice">High Court of Justice</a> held that death duties on this trust had become payable by Consuelo's son, the 10th Duke of Marlborough, upon the death of the 9th Duke of Marlborough in 1934, despite the fact that the income was still being paid to Consuelo for the remainder of her lifetime.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The duties, with interest added for the period between the 9th Duke's death and 12 April 1946 were paid in 1946, and amounted to approximately £175,000. </p> <dl><dt>Consuelo's trust</dt></dl> <p>Part of the marriage settlement took the form of a covenant made by William K. Vanderbilt to pay Consuelo $100,000 annually for their joint lifetimes; this provided for the payment of $2,500,000 within a year of his death to Consuelo's trustees, with the income to be derived by her for the remainder of her lifetime. If she predeceased the 9th Duke, the income was to be paid to him for his life, and following both of their deaths, the trust would vest in the couple's children, unless Consuelo made an alternative appointment in her will. </p><p>Following William K. Vanderbilt's death in 1920, the $2,500,000 were treated as a debt against his estate that was duly transferred to Consuelo's trustees.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>Residence</dt></dl> <p>In the early years of their marriage, it was rumoured that enquiries were made by Consuelo's father and husband as to whether the ancestral London townhouse of the Dukes of Marlborough, <a href="/wiki/Marlborough_House" title="Marlborough House">Marlborough House</a>, could be recovered from the <a href="/wiki/Crown_Estate" title="Crown Estate">Crown Estate</a>. Once it had become apparent that this could not be achieved, William K. Vanderbilt paid $380,000 for a parcel of land on <a href="/wiki/Curzon_Street" title="Curzon Street">Curzon Street</a> where a large townhouse, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sunderland_House&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sunderland House (page does not exist)">Sunderland House</a> (<a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Sunderland" title="Earl of Sunderland">Earl of Sunderland</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Subsidiary_title" title="Subsidiary title">subsidiary title</a> of the Duke of Marlborough, was used as a <a href="/wiki/Courtesy_titles_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Courtesy titles in the United Kingdom">courtesy</a> by the 9th Duke prior to <a href="/wiki/John_Spencer-Churchill,_7th_Duke_of_Marlborough" title="John Spencer-Churchill, 7th Duke of Marlborough">his grandfather</a>'s death and resulted in his nickname "Sunny"), was to be built for his daughter and son-in-law. A further $500,000 was reportedly spent on the construction, and more than $1,000,000 on fitting out and furnishing the new building. The total cost of the mansion was later reported as being in excess of $2,500,000.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following the outbreak of <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> in 1914, Consuelo accepted the British Government's request to borrow the house for the use of the Interallied War Council. Sunderland House was sold by the Marlboroughs in 1919.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>Father's estate and inheritance</dt></dl> <p>In the months prior to and following the death of Consuelo's father in August 1920, it was rumoured that he had gifted her $15,000,000. The speculation was serious enough to result in a representative of the New York State Tax Office being quoted in <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> as stating that litigation could arise as to whether the gift would be subject to more than $500,000 in <a href="/wiki/Inheritance_tax" title="Inheritance tax">inheritance taxes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1926, documents relating to negotiations between Consuelo's father and the Duke prior to their marriage were found in the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Surrogate%27s_Court" title="New York Surrogate's Court">New York Surrogate's Court</a>. These documents included a letter dated 15 December 1919; transcriptions of it published in 1926 note that Consuelo's father had created an additional $5,000,000 trust fund consisting of New York Central and Hudson River Railroad Company 3.5% Lake Shore collateral trust bonds in 1912, which provided a life interest to Consuelo only, and thereafter to her sons; a further $450,000 of 1917 3.5% <a href="/wiki/Liberty_bond" title="Liberty bond">liberty bonds</a> were conveyed to Consuelo's brothers in 1919 with the express provision that they be held in trust for Consuelo.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Besides the $2,500,000 that William K. Vanderbilt had pledged to transfer to Consuelo's trustees after his death and which formed part of her marriage settlement, his will provided for a further $2,500,000 to be placed in trust for Consuelo's benefit, with her brothers, <a href="/wiki/William_Kissam_Vanderbilt_II" title="William Kissam Vanderbilt II">William K. Vanderbilt, Jr.</a> and <a href="/wiki/Harold_Stirling_Vanderbilt" title="Harold Stirling Vanderbilt">Harold S. Vanderbilt</a>, as trustees. Following her death, the principal of this additional $2,500,000 trust was to be paid to her children. Her two sons also received $1,000,000 each. </p><p>In addition, Consuelo benefited from $1,670,000 derived from a trust established by her grandfather, <a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Vanderbilt" title="William Henry Vanderbilt">William H. Vanderbilt</a>. Following his death in 1885, each of his eight children received a $5,000,000 trust from his estate. The Anderson and Anderson report in August 1920 noted that the will of William K. Vanderbilt did not make any provisions as to the distribution of this trust, and as a result the principal vested in equal shares between Consuelo and her two brothers.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Consuelo also received a reversionary interest in her father's French properties at 10 & 11 Rue Leroux, Paris and a château in <a href="/wiki/Normandy" title="Normandy">Normandy</a>, in which <a href="/wiki/Anne_Harriman_Vanderbilt" title="Anne Harriman Vanderbilt">her stepmother</a> had a life-interest.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_34-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>Will and personal estate</dt></dl> <p>Following Consuelo Vanderbilt-Balsan's death in 1964, her will was submitted to the Suffolk County Surrogate's Court in New York. </p><p>Newspaper reports of the filing and grant of probate noted that the trust which formed part of Consuelo's marriage settlement (originally worth $2,500,000) was to be split into 25 shares; the majority were bequeathed to her granddaughter, Lady Sarah Russell, who received 15 shares. The remaining shares were left to three other grandchildren — four shares each to Lord Charles Spencer-Churchill and Lady Caroline Waterhouse, and two shares to Lady Rosemary Muir.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In January 1965, Lady Sarah made a public statement which denied an inheritance running into the millions, stating that her late grandmother "did not have millions", but conceding that she had inherited a property on Long Island worth $250,000.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other bequests included an estate in Palm Beach to Lord Charles Spencer-Churchill, £10,700 and an <a href="/wiki/Jean-Auguste-Dominique_Ingres" title="Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres">Ingres</a> painting to Lady Ivor Spencer-Churchill, £14,200 to her butler, Louis Hoffmann, and bequests to five other household staff members ranging from £1,070 to £5,350. </p><p>A provision in the will also noted that no bequest had been made to her son, the 10th Duke of Marlborough, due to the ample provision already made for him under trusts settled by Consuelo's father.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A family spokesperson reportedly disclosed that the approximate value of Consuelo's personal estate was $1,000,000.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Second_marriage_and_later_life">Second marriage and later life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Consuelo_Vanderbilt&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Second marriage and later life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bladon,_Oxfordshire_-_St_Martin%27s_Church_-_churchyard,_grave_of_Consuelo_n%C3%A9e_Vanderbilt.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Bladon%2C_Oxfordshire_-_St_Martin%27s_Church_-_churchyard%2C_grave_of_Consuelo_n%C3%A9e_Vanderbilt.jpg/220px-Bladon%2C_Oxfordshire_-_St_Martin%27s_Church_-_churchyard%2C_grave_of_Consuelo_n%C3%A9e_Vanderbilt.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="294" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Bladon%2C_Oxfordshire_-_St_Martin%27s_Church_-_churchyard%2C_grave_of_Consuelo_n%C3%A9e_Vanderbilt.jpg/330px-Bladon%2C_Oxfordshire_-_St_Martin%27s_Church_-_churchyard%2C_grave_of_Consuelo_n%C3%A9e_Vanderbilt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Bladon%2C_Oxfordshire_-_St_Martin%27s_Church_-_churchyard%2C_grave_of_Consuelo_n%C3%A9e_Vanderbilt.jpg/440px-Bladon%2C_Oxfordshire_-_St_Martin%27s_Church_-_churchyard%2C_grave_of_Consuelo_n%C3%A9e_Vanderbilt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1704" data-file-height="2276" /></a><figcaption>Consuelo's grave at St Martin's Church, Bladon, England</figcaption></figure> <p>Consuelo's second wedding, on 4 July 1921, was to <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_colonel" title="Lieutenant colonel">Lt. Col.</a> <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Balsan" title="Jacques Balsan">Jacques Balsan</a>, a record-breaking pioneer French balloon, aircraft, and hydroplane pilot who once worked with the <a href="/wiki/Wright_brothers" title="Wright brothers">Wright Brothers</a>. Also a textile manufacturing heir, Balsan was the younger brother of <a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Balsan" title="Étienne Balsan">Étienne Balsan</a>, an early lover of <a href="/wiki/Coco_Chanel" title="Coco Chanel">Coco Chanel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their marriage lasted until Balsan's death in 1956 at the age of 88.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the end of her first marriage, Consuelo still maintained ties with favorite Churchill relatives, particularly Winston Churchill. He was a frequent visitor at her <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_Saint-Georges_Motel" title="Château Saint-Georges Motel">château</a> in <a href="/wiki/Saint-Georges-Motel" title="Saint-Georges-Motel">Saint-Georges-Motel</a>, a small commune near <a href="/wiki/Dreux" title="Dreux">Dreux</a> about 50 miles from Paris, in the 1920s and 1930s.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Records in <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a> show that in 1932 Consuelo built a house in <a href="/wiki/Manalapan,_Florida" title="Manalapan, Florida">Manalapan</a>, just south of <a href="/wiki/Palm_Beach,_Florida" title="Palm Beach, Florida">Palm Beach</a>. The 26,000 square feet mansion was designed by <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Fatio" title="Maurice Fatio">Maurice Fatio</a> and named "Casa Alva" in honor of her mother; the property was sold in 1957. Many believe that, in 1946, Churchill polished his famous <a href="/wiki/Iron_Curtain" title="Iron Curtain">Iron Curtain</a> speech here, as he visited Consuelo on his way to <a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">Missouri</a> to deliver the address at <a href="/wiki/Westminster_College_(Missouri)" title="Westminster College (Missouri)">Westminster College</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As Consuelo Vanderbilt-Balsan, she published her insightful but not entirely candid autobiography, <i>The Glitter and the Gold</i>, in 1953. In spite of suggestions that it was ghostwritten by Stuart Preston, an American writer who was an art critic for <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>, Preston consistently denied that role while admitting to unspecified involvement with the book.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A reviewer in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a></i> called it "an ideal epitaph of the age of elegance".<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Consuelo died in <a href="/wiki/Southampton_(village),_New_York" title="Southampton (village), New York">Southampton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Long_Island" title="Long Island">Long Island</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a>, on 6 December 1964. She was buried near her younger son, Lord Ivor, in the churchyard at <a href="/wiki/St_Martin%27s_Church,_Bladon" title="St Martin's Church, Bladon">St Martin's Church</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bladon" title="Bladon">Bladon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oxfordshire" title="Oxfordshire">Oxfordshire</a>, not far from her former home, Blenheim Palace.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Her estate's estimated value was $1,000,000, with the majority of her income having been derived from trusts which would devolve upon her sons after her death. The primary beneficiary of her personal estate, including her residence on Long Island and her jewels, was her eldest granddaughter, Lady Sarah Russell.<sup id="cite_ref-1965Estate_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1965Estate-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Public_service">Public service</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Consuelo_Vanderbilt&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Public service"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, Consuelo worked as the chair of the Economic Relief Committee for the <a href="/wiki/American_Women%27s_War_Relief_Fund" title="American Women's War Relief Fund">American Women's War Relief Fund</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1917, Consuelo became a councillor on the London County Council for <a href="/wiki/Southwark_West_(London_County_Council_constituency)" title="Southwark West (London County Council constituency)">Southwark West</a> (later: <a href="/wiki/Southwark_North_(London_County_Council_constituency)" title="Southwark North (London County Council constituency)">Southwark North</a>) after a vacancy opened. Although she had no desire to enter politics, she felt a strong sense of obligation after the Women's Municipal Party asked her to take up the vacant seat. She stood as the candidate for the <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Party_(London)" title="Progressive Party (London)">Progressive Party</a> along with Albert Wilson, winning re-election in 1919 and holding onto the seat until her divorce with the duke.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Interwar_period" title="Interwar period">interwar period</a>, she and <a href="/wiki/Winnaretta_Singer" title="Winnaretta Singer">Winaretta de Polignac</a> (<a href="/wiki/Singer_Corporation" title="Singer Corporation">Singer Sewing Machine</a> heiress) worked together in the construction of a 360-bed hospital destined to provide medical care to middle class workers. The result of this effort is the <a href="/wiki/Foch_Hospital" title="Foch Hospital">Foch Hospital</a>, located in <a href="/wiki/Suresnes" title="Suresnes">Suresnes</a>, a suburb of Paris. The hospital also includes a school of nursing and is one of the top ranked hospitals in France, especially for renal transplants. It has remained true to its origins and stayed a private not-for-profit institution that still serves the Paris community. It is managed by the Fondation Médicale Franco-Américaine du Mont-Valérien, commonly known as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Foch_Foundation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Foch Foundation (page does not exist)">Foch Foundation</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Consuelo_Vanderbilt&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Consuelo_Vanderbilt_Father.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Consuelo with her father, William K. Vanderbilt"><img alt="Consuelo with her father, William K. Vanderbilt" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Consuelo_Vanderbilt_Father.jpg/96px-Consuelo_Vanderbilt_Father.jpg" decoding="async" width="96" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Consuelo_Vanderbilt_Father.jpg/144px-Consuelo_Vanderbilt_Father.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Consuelo_Vanderbilt_Father.jpg/191px-Consuelo_Vanderbilt_Father.jpg 2x" data-file-width="383" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Consuelo with her father, <a href="/wiki/William_Kissam_Vanderbilt" title="William Kissam Vanderbilt">William K. Vanderbilt</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Consuelo_Vanderbilt,_Duchess_of_Marlborough,_by_Paul_C%C3%A9sar_Helleu.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Duchess of Marlborough, by Paul César Helleu"><img alt="The Duchess of Marlborough, by Paul César Helleu" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Consuelo_Vanderbilt%2C_Duchess_of_Marlborough%2C_by_Paul_C%C3%A9sar_Helleu.jpg/77px-Consuelo_Vanderbilt%2C_Duchess_of_Marlborough%2C_by_Paul_C%C3%A9sar_Helleu.jpg" decoding="async" width="77" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Consuelo_Vanderbilt%2C_Duchess_of_Marlborough%2C_by_Paul_C%C3%A9sar_Helleu.jpg/115px-Consuelo_Vanderbilt%2C_Duchess_of_Marlborough%2C_by_Paul_C%C3%A9sar_Helleu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Consuelo_Vanderbilt%2C_Duchess_of_Marlborough%2C_by_Paul_C%C3%A9sar_Helleu.jpg/153px-Consuelo_Vanderbilt%2C_Duchess_of_Marlborough%2C_by_Paul_C%C3%A9sar_Helleu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="3200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Duchess of Marlborough, by <a href="/wiki/Paul_C%C3%A9sar_Helleu" title="Paul César Helleu">Paul César Helleu</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Helleu_-_Consuelo_Vanderbilt.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Duchess of Marlborough, by Paul César Helleu"><img alt="The Duchess of Marlborough, by Paul César Helleu" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Helleu_-_Consuelo_Vanderbilt.jpg/79px-Helleu_-_Consuelo_Vanderbilt.jpg" decoding="async" width="79" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Helleu_-_Consuelo_Vanderbilt.jpg/118px-Helleu_-_Consuelo_Vanderbilt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Helleu_-_Consuelo_Vanderbilt.jpg/157px-Helleu_-_Consuelo_Vanderbilt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Duchess of Marlborough, by <a href="/wiki/Paul_C%C3%A9sar_Helleu" title="Paul César Helleu">Paul César Helleu</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Consuelo_Vanderbilt&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-3"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blogs.ancestry.com/cm/how-american-dollar-princesses-changed-british-nobility/">"How American Dollar Princesses Changed British Nobility"</a>. <i>Ancestry</i>. 25 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ancestry&rft.atitle=How+American+Dollar+Princesses+Changed+British+Nobility&rft.date=2016-01-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblogs.ancestry.com%2Fcm%2Fhow-american-dollar-princesses-changed-british-nobility%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConsuelo+Vanderbilt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFVanderbilt2005" class="citation book cs1">Vanderbilt, Amanda Mackenzie (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/consueloalvavand00stua/page/178"><i>Consuelo and Alva Vanderbilt</i></a>. Harper Collins. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/consueloalvavand00stua/page/178">178</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-621418-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-621418-4"><bdi>978-0-06-621418-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Consuelo+and+Alva+Vanderbilt&rft.pages=178&rft.pub=Harper+Collins&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-06-621418-4&rft.aulast=Vanderbilt&rft.aufirst=Amanda+Mackenzie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fconsueloalvavand00stua%2Fpage%2F178&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConsuelo+Vanderbilt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMacCollWallace1989" class="citation book cs1">MacColl, Gail; Wallace, Carol (1989). <i>To Marry an English Lord</i>. Workman Publishing Company. p. 308. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780894809392" title="Special:BookSources/9780894809392"><bdi>9780894809392</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=To+Marry+an+English+Lord&rft.pages=308&rft.pub=Workman+Publishing+Company&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=9780894809392&rft.aulast=MacColl&rft.aufirst=Gail&rft.au=Wallace%2C+Carol&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConsuelo+Vanderbilt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStuart2005" class="citation book cs1">Stuart, Amanda Mackenzie (2005). <i>Consuelo and Alva Vanderbilt: The Story of a Daughter and Mother in the Gilded Age</i>. Harper Perennial. p. 288. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-093825-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-093825-3"><bdi>978-0-06-093825-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Consuelo+and+Alva+Vanderbilt%3A+The+Story+of+a+Daughter+and+Mother+in+the+Gilded+Age&rft.pages=288&rft.pub=Harper+Perennial&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-06-093825-3&rft.aulast=Stuart&rft.aufirst=Amanda+Mackenzie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConsuelo+Vanderbilt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stuart, p. 70</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stuart, pp. 69–70</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stuart, p. 84</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stuart, p. 101</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stuart, p. 493</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stuart,_p._209-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Stuart,_p._209_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stuart,_p._209_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Stuart, p. 209</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stuart, pp. 102–103, 116–117</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stuart, pp. 112–115</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stuart, p. 120</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stuart, p. 121</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stuart, p. 145–146</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stuart, p. 135</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stuart, pp. 146–147</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">MacColl, Wallace, p. 274</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stuart, pp. 222–224</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stuart, p. 203</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stuart, pp. 212–213</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stuart,_pp._412-425-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Stuart,_pp._412-425_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stuart,_pp._412-425_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stuart,_pp._412-425_22-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Stuart, pp. 288</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stuart, pp. 291</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stuart, pp. 329</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stuart, pp. 332</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWaterhouseWiseman2019" class="citation book cs1">Waterhouse, Michael; Wiseman, Karen (2019). <i>The Churchill Who Saved Blenheim: The Life of Sunny, 9th Duke of Marlborough</i>. Unicorn Publishing Group. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1912690220" title="Special:BookSources/978-1912690220"><bdi>978-1912690220</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Churchill+Who+Saved+Blenheim%3A+The+Life+of+Sunny%2C+9th+Duke+of+Marlborough&rft.pub=Unicorn+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-1912690220&rft.aulast=Waterhouse&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.au=Wiseman%2C+Karen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConsuelo+Vanderbilt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Reginald Fellowes is possibly Hon. Reginald Ailwyn Fellowes (1884–1953), second son of Lady Rosamond Spencer-Churchill and the <a href="/wiki/William_Fellowes,_2nd_Baron_de_Ramsey" title="William Fellowes, 2nd Baron de Ramsey">2nd Baron de Ramsey</a>, who later married the heiress <a href="/wiki/Daisy_Fellowes" title="Daisy Fellowes">Marguerite Séverine Philippine Decazes de Glücksberg</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stuart, p. 359</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stuart, p. 234</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stuart, pp. 252–254</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stuart, pp. 268–269</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://casetext.com/case/vanderbilt-v-balsan">"Vanderbilt v. Balsan, 190 Misc. 824 | Casetext Search + Citator"</a>. <i>casetext.com</i>. pp. <span class="nowrap">825–</span>826<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=casetext.com&rft.atitle=Vanderbilt+v.+Balsan%2C+190+Misc.+824+%7C+Casetext+Search+%2B+Citator&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E825-%3C%2Fspan%3E826&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcasetext.com%2Fcase%2Fvanderbilt-v-balsan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConsuelo+Vanderbilt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://casetext.com/case/vanderbilt-v-balsan">"Vanderbilt v. Balsan, 190 Misc. 824 | Casetext Search + Citator"</a>. <i>casetext.com</i>. pp. <span class="nowrap">827–</span>828<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=casetext.com&rft.atitle=Vanderbilt+v.+Balsan%2C+190+Misc.+824+%7C+Casetext+Search+%2B+Citator&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E827-%3C%2Fspan%3E828&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcasetext.com%2Fcase%2Fvanderbilt-v-balsan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConsuelo+Vanderbilt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_34-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1920/08/28/96898059.html">"Vanderbilt's Sons Get Bulk of Estate"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. 28 August 1920. p. 6. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Birmingham+News&rft.atitle=Duke+and+Duchess+of+Marlborough+Separated+-+Financial+Particulars&rft.pages=15&rft.date=1906-10-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Farticle%2Fthe-birmingham-news-duke-and-duchess-of%2F145626788%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConsuelo+Vanderbilt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tile.loc.gov/storage-services/service/ndnp/nn/batch_nn_pielou_ver01/data/sn83030431/00212474435/1919060101/0662.pdf">"Sale of Sunderland House Recalls Striking Bits of History"</a>. <i>The Sun</i>. 1 June 1919. p. 6. Retrieved 19 April 2024.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Idaho Statesman; (21 November 1926, Pages 1 and 27). C. Vanderbilt old documents. Newspapers.com. Retrieved 8 January 2025, from <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-idaho-statesman-c-vanderbilt-old-do/120094468/">https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-idaho-statesman-c-vanderbilt-old-do/120094468/</a>, accessed 8 January 2025.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1920/08/28/96898059.html">"Vanderbilt's Sons Get Bulk of Estate"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. 28 August 1920. p. 7. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Vanderbilt%27s+Sons+Get+Bulk+of+Estate&rft.pages=7&rft.date=1920-08-28&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesmachine.nytimes.com%2Ftimesmachine%2F1920%2F08%2F28%2F96898059.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConsuelo+Vanderbilt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Daily Telegraph. (31 December 1964, Page 22). Consuelo Vanderbilt Will and division of estate (Part 2 of 2). Newspapers.com. Retrieved 8 January 2025, from <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-daily-telegraph-consuelo-vanderbilt/162541647/">https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-daily-telegraph-consuelo-vanderbilt/162541647/</a>, accessed 8 January 2025.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wilkes-Barre Times Leader, the Evening News. (6 January 1965, Page 25). Mrs Russell (Lady Sarah Russell nee Spencer-Churchill) Denies Inheriting Millions. Newspapers.com. Retrieved 8 January 2025, from <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.newspapers.com/article/wilkes-barre-times-leader-the-evening-n/162542170/">https://www.newspapers.com/article/wilkes-barre-times-leader-the-evening-n/162542170/</a>, accessed 8 January 2025.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-daily-telegraph-consuelo-vanderbilt/162541647/">"Consuelo Vanderbilt Will and division of estate (Part 2 of 2)"</a>. <i>The Daily Telegraph</i>. 31 December 1964. p. 22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 March</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Consuelo+Vanderbilt+Will+and+division+of+estate+%28Part+2+of+2%29&rft.pages=22&rft.date=1964-12-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Farticle%2Fthe-daily-telegraph-consuelo-vanderbilt%2F162541647%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConsuelo+Vanderbilt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/article/arizona-daily-star-vanderbilts-millions/162542017/">"Vanderbilt's Millions: Publisher's Wife Given Big Share In Fortune"</a>. <i>Arizona Daily Star</i>. 3 January 1965. p. 6<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 March</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Arizona+Daily+Star&rft.atitle=Vanderbilt%27s+Millions%3A+Publisher%27s+Wife+Given+Big+Share+In+Fortune&rft.pages=6&rft.date=1965-01-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Farticle%2Farizona-daily-star-vanderbilts-millions%2F162542017%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConsuelo+Vanderbilt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stuart, pp. 391–392, 464</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stuart, p. 496</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061004112750/http://www.winstonchurchill.org/i4a/pages/index.cfm?pageid=949">"Manalapan Estates, Florida: The Churchill Connection – The Churchill Centre"</a>. 4 October 2006. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Manalapan+Estates%2C+Florida%3A+The+Churchill+Connection+%E2%80%93+The+Churchill+Centre&rft.date=2006-10-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.winstonchurchill.org%2Fi4a%2Fpages%2Findex.cfm%3Fpageid%3D949&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConsuelo+Vanderbilt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thecoastalstar.com/profiles/blogs/casa-alva-from-home-to-club-to">"Casa Alva: From home to club to home again"</a>. <i>The Coastal Star</i>. 1 April 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Coastal+Star&rft.atitle=Casa+Alva%3A+From+home+to+club+to+home+again&rft.date=2010-04-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthecoastalstar.com%2Fprofiles%2Fblogs%2Fcasa-alva-from-home-to-club-to&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConsuelo+Vanderbilt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120324011613/http://www.palmbeachdailynews.com/news/content/realestate/2010/02/12/HL0212OTM.html">"Fit for a Vanderbilt"</a>. <i>Palm Beach Daily News</i>. 12 February 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.palmbeachdailynews.com/news/content/realestate/2010/02/12/HL0212OTM.html">the original</a> on 24 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Palm+Beach+Daily+News&rft.atitle=Fit+for+a+Vanderbilt&rft.date=2010-02-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.palmbeachdailynews.com%2Fnews%2Fcontent%2Frealestate%2F2010%2F02%2F12%2FHL0212OTM.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConsuelo+Vanderbilt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/stuart-preston-11184.html">"Stuart Preston"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a></i>. 15 February 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 September</span> 2023</span>. <q>Preston consistently denied that he was the ghost of Consuelo Vanderbilt Balsan's memoirs, <i>The Glitter and the Gold</i>, published in 1953, but, whatever the precise arrangements, he had an editorial hand in that book, for which he is acknowledged in the preface.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Stuart+Preston&rft.date=2004-02-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fobituaries%2Fstuart-preston-11184.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConsuelo+Vanderbilt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stuart, pp. 486–494</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stuart, p. 501</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-1965Estate-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1965Estate_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1965/01/02/archives/consuelo-vanderbilt-balsan-left-bulk-of-estate-to-granddaughter.html">"Consuelo Vanderbilt Balsan Left Bulk of Estate to Granddaughter"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. 2 January 1965<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Consuelo+Vanderbilt+Balsan+Left+Bulk+of+Estate+to+Granddaughter&rft.date=1965-01-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1965%2F01%2F02%2Farchives%2Fconsuelo-vanderbilt-balsan-left-bulk-of-estate-to-granddaughter.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConsuelo+Vanderbilt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAllen2000" class="citation book cs1">Allen, Anne Beiser (2000). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/independentwoman00all_zg2"><i>An Independent Woman: The Life of Lou Henry Hoover</i></a></span>. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/independentwoman00all_zg2/page/67">67</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780313314667" title="Special:BookSources/9780313314667"><bdi>9780313314667</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Independent+Woman%3A+The+Life+of+Lou+Henry+Hoover&rft.place=Westport%2C+Connecticut&rft.pages=67&rft.pub=Greenwood+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=9780313314667&rft.aulast=Allen&rft.aufirst=Anne+Beiser&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Findependentwoman00all_zg2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConsuelo+Vanderbilt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stuart, pp. 383-386</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Consuelo_Vanderbilt&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Consuelo_Vanderbilt" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Consuelo Vanderbilt">Consuelo Vanderbilt</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://anglicanhistory.org/usa/wtmanning/marlborough1926.html">A Message to the Diocese on the Action of the Vatican Court upon the Marlborough Marriage</a>, by <a href="/wiki/William_T._Manning" title="William T. Manning">William T. Manning</a> (1926)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://edwardianpromenade.com/?p=99">The marriage of Consuelo Vanderbilt</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uIL97G7TfxQ">Video footage of Consuelo Vanderbilt</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output 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