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<li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89glise_de_J%C3%A9rusalem?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Langue" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--language"></span> <span>Langue</span> </a></li> <li id="page-actions-watch" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" id="ca-watch" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Connexion&returnto=%C3%89glise+de+J%C3%A9rusalem&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.watch" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet 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open-block";}</script> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"> <section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <p>Dans la tradition chrétienne, l'<b>Église de Jérusalem</b> est l'appellation de la première communauté <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christianisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Christianisme">chrétienne</a> locale de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christianisme_ancien?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianisme ancien">l'Église primitive</a> (de l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%82ge_apostolique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Âge apostolique">âge apostolique</a>). La tradition veut que cette <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89glise_(institution)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Église (institution)">Église</a> (en grec, <i>ekklesia</i>, assemblée) ait été fondée par <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jacques_le_Juste?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jacques le Juste">Jacques le Juste</a> qui dirigeait cette communauté après la mort de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/J%C3%A9sus_de_Nazareth?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jésus de Nazareth">Jésus de Nazareth</a>, au plus tard en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/38?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="38">38</a>.</p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="fr" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Sommaire</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89glise_de_J%C3%A9rusalem?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Premi%C3%A8re_communaut%C3%A9"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Première communauté</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89glise_de_J%C3%A9rusalem?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Tradition_de_la_fuite_de_la_communaut%C3%A9_de_J%C3%A9rusalem_%C3%A0_Pella"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Tradition de la fuite de la communauté de Jérusalem à Pella</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89glise_de_J%C3%A9rusalem?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%C3%86lia_Capitolina"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Ælia Capitolina</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89glise_de_J%C3%A9rusalem?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%C3%89glise_actuelle"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Église actuelle</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89glise_de_J%C3%A9rusalem?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%C3%89v%C3%AAques_de_J%C3%A9rusalem"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Évêques de Jérusalem</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89glise_de_J%C3%A9rusalem?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Notes_et_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rences"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Notes et références</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Première_communauté"><span id="Premi.C3.A8re_communaut.C3.A9"></span>Première communauté</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%C3%89glise_de_J%C3%A9rusalem&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Première communauté" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>Les membres de la communauté sont essentiellement des Juifs observants appelés <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Naz%C3%B4r%C3%A9en_(titre)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nazôréen (titre)">nazôréens</a></i> sans qu'on en sache grand-chose, car ils étaient à l'écart des milieux qui produiront le Nouveau Testament<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89glise_de_J%C3%A9rusalem?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Après la crucifixion, Jésus est apparu aux apôtres et <span class="citation">« à plus de cinq cents frères à la fois (la plupart d'entre eux vivent encore et quelques-uns sont morts) »</span> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.biblegateway.com/bible?language%3Dfr%26version%3D2;32%26passage%3D1COR%252015%253A5-7">1 Co 15. 5-7</a>).</p> <p>Dans les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Actes_des_Ap%C3%B4tres?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Actes des Apôtres">Actes des Apôtres</a>, il est mentionné que les chrétiens de Jérusalem vendaient leurs biens et mettaient leurs ressources en commun (<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_Crampon_1923/Actes_des_Ap%25C3%25B4tres%23Bible_Crampon_1923/Actes_des_Ap%25C3%25B4tresCH02" class="extiw" title="s:Bible Crampon 1923/Actes des Apôtres">Ac 2,45</a>).</p> <p>La vie quotidienne de cette communauté strictement juive, au départ, montre des gens simples qui pratiquent une vie commune avec « fraction du pain » et prières, qui opèrent des guérisons par la parole, guérisons qui leur valent une réputation considérable, d'après <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Flavius_Jos%C3%A8phe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Flavius Josèphe">Flavius Josèphe</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89glise_de_J%C3%A9rusalem?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. L'ouverture théorique aux païens se fera à travers la conversion du centurion <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Corneille_(centurion)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Corneille (centurion)">Corneille</a> et le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Concile_de_J%C3%A9rusalem?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Concile de Jérusalem">concile de Jérusalem</a> au milieu du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ier_si%C3%A8cle?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ier siècle"><abbr class="abbr" title="1ᵉʳ siècle"><span class="romain">I</span><sup style="font-size:72%">er</sup></abbr> siècle</a>. Il n'y a cependant pas de trace de païens convertis à Jérusalem à cette époque, tandis que le nom « chrétiens » lui-même n'est pas encore usité<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89glise_de_J%C3%A9rusalem?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>La Bible mentionne que l'Église de Jérusalem s'est retrouvée dans la pauvreté et que <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paul_de_Tarse?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paul de Tarse">Paul de Tarse</a> a organisé une collecte auprès des autres Églises en leur faveur<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89glise_de_J%C3%A9rusalem?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-4"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>4<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Tradition_de_la_fuite_de_la_communauté_de_Jérusalem_à_Pella"><span id="Tradition_de_la_fuite_de_la_communaut.C3.A9_de_J.C3.A9rusalem_.C3.A0_Pella"></span>Tradition de la fuite de la communauté de Jérusalem à Pella</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%C3%89glise_de_J%C3%A9rusalem&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Tradition de la fuite de la communauté de Jérusalem à Pella" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe"> Article détaillé : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fuite_des_chr%C3%A9tiens_de_J%C3%A9rusalem_%C3%A0_Pella?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fuite des chrétiens de Jérusalem à Pella">Fuite des chrétiens de Jérusalem à Pella</a>. </div> </div> <p>Selon une tradition rapportée par <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eus%C3%A8be_de_C%C3%A9sar%C3%A9e?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eusèbe de Césarée">Eusèbe de Césarée</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89glise_de_J%C3%A9rusalem?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-5"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>5<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89piphane_de_Salamine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Épiphane de Salamine">Épiphane de Salamine</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89glise_de_J%C3%A9rusalem?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-6"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>6<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, à la veille de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Premi%C3%A8re_guerre_jud%C3%A9o-romaine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Première guerre judéo-romaine">Grande Révolte juive</a> (66-73 ap. J.-C.), les membres de l'Église de Jérusalem furent avertis par un oracle de la prochaine destruction de la Ville Sainte. En conséquence, ils s'enfuirent de Jérusalem et s'installèrent dans la cité païenne de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tabaqat_Fahil?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tabaqat Fahil">Pella</a> (Transjordanie). L'authenticité de cette tradition a été contestée par <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S._G._F._Brandon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="S. G. F. Brandon">S. G. F. Brandon</a> au motif qu'elle comporterait de nombreuses difficultés (notamment la date de la fuite, l'installation dans un milieu païen hostile)<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89glise_de_J%C3%A9rusalem?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-7"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>7<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Selon J. Bourgel, les membres de l'Église de Jérusalem, à l'instar de nombreux autres juifs, se rendirent aux Romains et furent installés de force à Pella<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89glise_de_J%C3%A9rusalem?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-8"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>8<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Ælia_Capitolina"><span id=".C3.86lia_Capitolina"></span>Ælia Capitolina</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%C3%89glise_de_J%C3%A9rusalem&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Ælia Capitolina" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <p>Vers le début du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/IVe_si%C3%A8cle?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="IVe siècle"><abbr class="abbr" title="4ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">IV</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eus%C3%A8be_de_C%C3%A9sar%C3%A9e?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eusèbe de Césarée">Eusèbe de Césarée</a> dit que tous les premiers <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liste_des_%C3%A9v%C3%AAques_de_J%C3%A9rusalem_%C3%A0_l%27%C3%A9poque_ancienne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liste des évêques de Jérusalem à l'époque ancienne">évêques de Jérusalem</a> étaient des « hébreux de vieille souche » jusqu'à la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9volte_de_Bar_Kokhba?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Révolte de Bar Kokhba">révolte de Bar Kokhba</a>, issus de la « famille de Jésus » à l'instar de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jacques_le_Juste?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jacques le Juste">Jacques le Juste</a><sup id="cite_ref-Nodet_9-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89glise_de_J%C3%A9rusalem?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Nodet-9"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>9<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Jérusalem est <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Si%C3%A8ge_de_J%C3%A9rusalem_(70)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Siège de Jérusalem (70)">prise et détruite</a> par <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Titus_(empereur_romain)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Titus (empereur romain)">Titus</a> en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/70?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="70">70</a> et reconstruite par l'empereur <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hadrien?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hadrien">Hadrien</a> sous le nouveau nom d'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%86lia_Capitolina?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ælia Capitolina">Ælia Capitolina</a> en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/135?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="135">135</a>. Son diocèse est alors rattaché à celui de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/C%C3%A9sar%C3%A9e?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Césarée">Césarée</a>, d'obédience chrétienne « occidentale »<sup id="cite_ref-Nodet_9-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89glise_de_J%C3%A9rusalem?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Nodet-9"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>9<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Hadrien refuse par ailleurs d'admettre des évêques « issus de la circoncision » à Ælia Capitolina, ce qui contribue probablement à consolider la prééminence des chrétiens provenant du paganisme au sein du christianisme<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89glise_de_J%C3%A9rusalem?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-10"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>10<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eus%C3%A8be_de_C%C3%A9sar%C3%A9e?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eusèbe de Césarée">Eusèbe de Césarée</a> rapporte encore que Jérusalem n'a plus à son époque de signification théologique pour les chrétiens, à l'inverse des Juifs<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89glise_de_J%C3%A9rusalem?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-11"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>11<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, et ils ne semblent pas lui avoir accordé un intérêt particulier. C'est l'empereur <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Constantin_Ier_(empereur_romain)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Constantin Ier (empereur romain)">Constantin</a> qui assiéra l'importance de la ville en la favorisant comme lieu de pèlerinage à partir du <abbr class="abbr" title="4ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">IV</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle et en y construisant à partir de 326 la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Basilique_du_Saint-S%C3%A9pulcre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Basilique du Saint-Sépulcre">basilique du Saint-Sépulcre</a>.</p> <p>Ce n'est qu'en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/451?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="451">451</a> que le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Patriarcat_(%C3%A9glise)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Patriarcat (église)">patriarcat</a> de Jérusalem est créé par le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Concile_de_Chalc%C3%A9doine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Concile de Chalcédoine">Concile de Chalcédoine</a>, devenant ainsi une des composantes de la « <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pentarchie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pentarchie">Pentarchie</a> ».</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Église_actuelle"><span id=".C3.89glise_actuelle"></span>Église actuelle</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%C3%89glise_de_J%C3%A9rusalem&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Église actuelle" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <p>Deux Églises actuelles, appartenant à des communions différentes, en sont les héritières.</p> <ul> <li>De tradition araméenne : <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vicariat_patriarcal_syriaque_orthodoxe_de_J%C3%A9rusalem_et_de_Terre_Sainte?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Vicariat patriarcal syriaque orthodoxe de Jérusalem et de Terre Sainte">Vicariat patriarcal syriaque orthodoxe de Jérusalem et de Terre Sainte</a> ;</li> <li>Exarchat patriarcal <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89glise_syriaque_catholique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Église syriaque catholique">syriaque catholique</a> de Jérusalem et de Terre Sainte.</li> </ul></li> <li>De tradition grecque : <ul> <li>le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Patriarcat_orthodoxe_de_J%C3%A9rusalem?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Patriarcat orthodoxe de Jérusalem">Patriarcat orthodoxe de Jérusalem</a> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89glises_des_sept_conciles?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Églises des sept conciles">communion orthodoxe</a>).</li> </ul></li> </ul> <p>Jérusalem est également le siège d'un patriarcat autonome de l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Patriarcat_arm%C3%A9nien_de_J%C3%A9rusalem?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Patriarcat arménien de Jérusalem">Église apostolique arménienne</a> et du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Patriarcat_latin_de_J%C3%A9rusalem?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Patriarcat latin de Jérusalem">Patriarcat latin de Jérusalem</a> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89glise_catholique_romaine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Église catholique romaine">catholique romain</a>).</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Évêques_de_Jérusalem"><span id=".C3.89v.C3.AAques_de_J.C3.A9rusalem"></span>Évêques de Jérusalem</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%C3%89glise_de_J%C3%A9rusalem&action=edit&section=5&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Évêques de Jérusalem" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe"> Articles détaillés : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liste_des_patriarches_orthodoxes_de_J%C3%A9rusalem?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liste des patriarches orthodoxes de Jérusalem">Liste des patriarches orthodoxes de Jérusalem</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liste_des_patriarches_latins_de_J%C3%A9rusalem?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Liste des patriarches latins de Jérusalem">Liste des patriarches latins de Jérusalem</a>. </div> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Notes_et_références"><span id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Notes et références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%C3%89glise_de_J%C3%A9rusalem&action=edit&section=6&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Notes et références" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <div class="references-small decimal" style=""> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89glise_de_J%C3%A9rusalem?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-1">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Nodet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Étienne Nodet">Étienne Nodet</a>, <i>Qui sont les premiers chrétiens de Jérusalem ?</i>, dans <i>Aux origines du Christianisme</i>, Paris, Gallimard, coll. « Le monde de la Bible », 2000, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">238-245</span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89glise_de_J%C3%A9rusalem?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-2">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Étienne Nodet, <i>Qui sont les premiers chrétiens de Jérusalem ?</i>, op. cit., <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr> 239.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89glise_de_J%C3%A9rusalem?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-3">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Étienne Nodet, <i>Qui sont les premiers chrétiens de Jérusalem ?</i>, op. cit., <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr> 243.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89glise_de_J%C3%A9rusalem?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-4">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"> Michael Barnett, Janice Gross Stein, <i>Sacred Aid: Faith and Humanitarianism</i>, Oxford University Press, UK, 2012, p. 67</span></li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89glise_de_J%C3%A9rusalem?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-5">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="de_Césarée"><span class="ouvrage" id="Eusèbe_de_Césarée">Eusèbe de Césarée, <cite class="italique">Histoire Ecclésiastique 3, 5, 3</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Histoire+Eccl%C3%A9siastique+3%2C+5%2C+3&rft.au=Eus%C3%A8be+de+C%C3%A9sar%C3%A9e&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%89glise+de+J%C3%A9rusalem"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89glise_de_J%C3%A9rusalem?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-6">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="de_Salamine"><span class="ouvrage" id="Épiphane_de_Salamine">Épiphane de Salamine, <cite class="italique">Panarion 29,7,7-8 ; 30, 2, 7 ; Poids et Mesures 15</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Panarion+29%2C7%2C7-8+%3B+30%2C+2%2C+7+%3B+Poids+et+Mesures+15&rft.au=%C3%89piphane+de+Salamine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%89glise+de+J%C3%A9rusalem"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89glise_de_J%C3%A9rusalem?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-7">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="F._Brandon1957"><span class="ouvrage" id="Samuel_G._F._Brandon1957">Samuel G. F. Brandon, <cite class="italique">The Fall of Jerusalem and the Christian Church</cite>, Londres, SPCK, <time>1957</time>, 167-184 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Fall+of+Jerusalem+and+the+Christian+Church&rft.place=Londres&rft.pub=SPCK&rft.aulast=F.+Brandon&rft.aufirst=Samuel+G.&rft.date=1957&rft.tpages=167-184&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%89glise+de+J%C3%A9rusalem"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89glise_de_J%C3%A9rusalem?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-8">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Bourgel2015"><span class="ouvrage" id="Jonathan_Bourgel2015">Jonathan Bourgel, <cite class="italique">D'une identité à l'autre ? : la communauté judéo-chrétienne de Jérusalem : 66-135</cite>, Paris, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89ditions_du_Cerf?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Éditions du Cerf">Éditions du Cerf</a>, <time>2015</time><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=D%27une+identit%C3%A9+%C3%A0+l%27autre+%3F+%3A+la+communaut%C3%A9+jud%C3%A9o-chr%C3%A9tienne+de+J%C3%A9rusalem+%3A+66-135&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+du+Cerf&rft.aulast=Bourgel&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft.date=2015&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%89glise+de+J%C3%A9rusalem"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Nodet-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89glise_de_J%C3%A9rusalem?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Nodet_9-0">a</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89glise_de_J%C3%A9rusalem?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Nodet_9-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text">Étienne Nodet, <i>Qui sont les premiers chrétiens de Jérusalem ?</i>, op. cit., <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr> 238.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89glise_de_J%C3%A9rusalem?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-10">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mireille_Hadas-Lebel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mireille Hadas-Lebel">Mireille Hadas-Lebel</a>, « La destruction du Temple et ses conséquences », dans <i>Les Premiers temps de l'Église</i>, Paris, Gallimard, coll. « Le Monde de la Bible », 2004, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr> 371.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89glise_de_J%C3%A9rusalem?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-11">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Pierre Maraval, « L'empereur Constantin aux origines des pèlerinages », dans <i>Les Premiers temps de l'Église</i>, Paris, Gallimard, coll. « Le Monde de la Bible », 2004, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr> 659.</span></li> </ol> </div> </div> <div class="navbox-container" style="clear:both;"> </div> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portail:Chr%C3%A9tiens_d%27Orient?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portail des chrétiens d’Orient"> <noscript> <img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Cross-Jerusalem-Potent-Heraldry_blank.svg/24px-Cross-Jerusalem-Potent-Heraldry_blank.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="560" data-file-height="560"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 24px;height: 24px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Cross-Jerusalem-Potent-Heraldry_blank.svg/24px-Cross-Jerusalem-Potent-Heraldry_blank.svg.png" data-alt="icône décorative" data-width="24" data-height="24" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Cross-Jerusalem-Potent-Heraldry_blank.svg/36px-Cross-Jerusalem-Potent-Heraldry_blank.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Cross-Jerusalem-Potent-Heraldry_blank.svg/48px-Cross-Jerusalem-Potent-Heraldry_blank.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a 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