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class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=zh.wikipedia.org&uselang=zh"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E4%B9%9F%E5%85%88" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E4%B9%9F%E5%85%88" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-称号" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#称号"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>称号</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-称号-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-生平" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#生平"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>生平</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-生平-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-子女" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#子女"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>子女</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-子女-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-影視形象" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#影視形象"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>影視形象</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-影視形象-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关影視形象子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-影視形象-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-電視劇" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#電視劇"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>電視劇</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-電視劇-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>参考文献</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关参考文献子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-来源" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#来源"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>来源</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-来源-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="目录" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">也先</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。20种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-20" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">20种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B4%D9%89" title="ايسن تايشى – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ايسن تايشى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esen-taj%C5%A1i" title="Esen-tajši – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Esen-tajši" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esen_Tayishi" title="Esen Tayishi – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Esen Tayishi" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esen_Taishi" title="Esen Taishi – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Esen Taishi" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esen_Tai%C5%9Di" title="Esen Taiŝi – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Esen Taiŝi" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esen_Taidji" title="Esen Taidji – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Esen Taidji" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esen_Tayisi" title="Esen Tayisi – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Esen Tayisi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A8%E3%82%BB%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%83%8F%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3" title="エセン・ハーン – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="エセン・ハーン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%97%90%EC%84%BC_%ED%83%80%EC%9D%B4%EC%8B%9C" title="에센 타이시 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="에센 타이시" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%8D%D0%BD_%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%88" title="Эсэн тайш – 蒙古语" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Эсэн тайш" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esen_tajsj" title="Esen tajsj – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Esen tajsj" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esen_Taidji" title="Esen Taidji – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Esen Taidji" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esen" title="Esen – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Esen" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taishi_Esen" title="Taishi Esen – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Taishi Esen" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%8D%D0%BD-%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%88%D0%B8" title="Эсэн-тайши – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Эсэн-тайши" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esen-taj%C5%A1i" title="Esen-tajši – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Esen-tajši" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esen_khan" title="Esen khan – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Esen khan" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF" title="எசன் தைசி – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="எசன் தைசி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD-%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%88%D0%B8" title="Есен-тайши – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Есен-тайши" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A3_Ti%C3%AAn" title="Dã Tiên – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Dã Tiên" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q9263#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%9F%E5%85%88" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E4%B9%9F%E5%85%88" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="更改语言变体" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">不转换</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-zh mw-list-item"><a href="/zh/%E4%B9%9F%E5%85%88" lang="zh" hreflang="zh"><span>不转换</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hans/%E4%B9%9F%E5%85%88" lang="zh-Hans" hreflang="zh-Hans"><span>简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-2" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hant/%E4%B9%9F%E5%85%88" lang="zh-Hant" hreflang="zh-Hant"><span>繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-3" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-CN mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-cn/%E4%B9%9F%E5%85%88" lang="zh-Hans-CN" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN"><span>大陆简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-4" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-HK mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hk/%E4%B9%9F%E5%85%88" lang="zh-Hant-HK" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK"><span>香港繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-5" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-MO mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-mo/%E4%B9%9F%E5%85%88" lang="zh-Hant-MO" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO"><span>澳門繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-6" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-MY mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-my/%E4%B9%9F%E5%85%88" lang="zh-Hans-MY" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY"><span>大马简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-7" 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #cbe; font-size: 125%">也先</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em 0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E5%A4%A7%E6%B1%97" title="蒙古大汗">第29代蒙古大汗</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">統治</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1453年9月12日－1454年</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">前任</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%99%B6%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94%E6%B5%8E" title="阿噶巴尔济">阿噶巴爾濟</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">繼任</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%84%BF%E5%8F%A4%E5%84%BF%E5%90%89%E6%80%9D" title="马儿古儿吉思">馬兒古兒吉思</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em 0.2em;"><div style="height: 4px; width:100%;"></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">出生</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1407年（明永樂五年）</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">逝世</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1454年（蒙古添元二年八月）<br /><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E8%8D%89%E5%8E%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="蒙古草原">蒙古草原</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><table class="infobox" style="border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left;">年號</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align:left; padding-left:0.7em;;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%BB%E5%85%83" title="添元">添元</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8A%E5%8F%B7" title="尊号">尊号</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align:left; padding-left:0.7em;;">大元田盛大可汗</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E4%BB%A3" title="朝代">政权</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">大蒙古国（<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E8%A1%9B%E6%8B%89%E7%89%B9" title="四衛拉特">四卫拉特</a>）</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">父親</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E8%84%B1%E6%87%BD" title="脱懽">脫懽</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>也先太師</b>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E8%AF%AD" title="蒙古语">蒙古语</a>：<span lang="mn"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r76324713">.mw-parser-output .font-mong{font-family:"Menk Hawang Tig","Menk Qagan Tig","Menk Garqag Tig","Menk Har_a Tig","Menk Scnin Tig","Oyun Gurban Ulus Tig","Oyun Qagan Tig","Oyun Garqag Tig","Oyun Har_a Tig","Oyun Scnin Tig","Oyun Agula Tig","Mongolian Baiti","Mongolian Universal White","Noto Sans Mongolian","Mongol Usug","Mongolian White","MongolianScript","Code2000","Menksoft Qagan"}.mw-parser-output .font-mong-mnc,.mw-parser-output .font-mong:lang(mnc-Mong),.mw-parser-output .font-mong:lang(dta-Mong),.mw-parser-output .font-mong:lang(sjo-Mong){font-family:"Abkai Xanyan","Abkai Xanyan LA","Abkai Xanyan VT","Abkai Xanyan XX","Abkai Xanyan SC","Abkai Buleku","Daicing White","Mongolian Baiti","Mongolian Universal White","Noto Sans Mongolian"}</style><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; writing-mode: vertical-lr; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠡᠰᠡᠨ <br />ᠲᠠᠢᠱᠢ</span></span>，<a href="/wiki/%E9%B2%8D%E5%9F%B9%E6%B0%8F%E8%BD%AC%E5%86%99" title="鲍培氏转写">鲍培转写</a>：<i><span title="鲍培转写"><span lang="mn-latn">Esen taiši</span></span></i>，<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E8%AF%AD%E8%A5%BF%E9%87%8C%E5%B0%94%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="蒙古语西里尔字母">西里尔字母</a>：<span title="蒙古语西里尔字母写法"><span lang="mn-cyrl">Эсэн тайш</span></span>；1407年—1454年8月），名<b>也先</b>，<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%9C%9D" title="清朝">清朝</a>譯作<b>額森</b>，属<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B0%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E6%B0%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="绰罗斯氏">綽羅斯氏</a>，15世纪（<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B" title="中國">中國</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%9C%9D" title="明朝">明朝</a>中葉時）蒙古汗国<a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E5%89%8C%E9%83%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="瓦剌部">瓦剌部</a>首领。<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>因向明朝<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E8%B2%A2" title="朝貢">朝貢</a>被封為<b>敬順王</b><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，其父<a href="/wiki/%E8%84%B1%E6%87%BD" title="脱懽">脫懽</a>過世之後繼承職位，稱「太師淮王」<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。他打敗大汗<a href="/wiki/%E8%84%B1%E8%84%B1%E4%B8%8D%E8%8A%B1" title="脱脱不花">脫脫不花</a>，擁立脫脫不花之弟<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%99%B6%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94%E6%B5%8E" title="阿噶巴尔济">阿噶巴爾濟</a>繼承大汗之位，不久之後又殺害了阿噶巴爾濟，進而奪取原屬<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E5%80%AB" title="尼倫">黄金家族</a>的「<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E6%B1%97" title="可汗">可汗</a>」稱號，自立為第29代蒙古大汗。<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>在也先統治期間，瓦剌部達到極盛。<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><a href="/wiki/%E9%9E%91%E9%9D%BC_(%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4)" title="鞑靼 (蒙古)">蒙古本部</a>也臣属于瓦剌，并且他还曾统帅“<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E5%8D%81%E5%9B%9B%E4%B8%87%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="四十四万蒙古">四十四万蒙古</a>”进攻明朝，<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>酿成“<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E6%9C%A8%E5%A0%A1%E4%B9%8B%E5%8F%98" title="土木堡之变">土木堡之变</a>”。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="称号"><span id=".E7.A7.B0.E5.8F.B7"></span>称号</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%9F%E5%85%88&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：称号"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>也先的称号为「<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%B8%88" title="太师">太师</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%AE%E7%8E%8B" class="mw-disambig" title="淮王">淮王</a>」，在与明朝往来的文书中，其官职写为「<b>瓦剌都总兵、<a href="/wiki/%E7%AD%94%E5%89%8C%E7%BD%95" title="答剌罕">答剌罕</a>、太师、淮王、大头目、中书右丞相</b>」。<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="生平"><span id=".E7.94.9F.E5.B9.B3"></span>生平</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%9F%E5%85%88&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：生平"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>也先的父親<a href="/wiki/%E8%84%B1%E6%87%BD" title="脱懽">脱懽</a>是瓦剌部落首领，統一了蒙古東部地區，並扶植<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%85%83" title="北元">北元</a>宗室的後代<a href="/wiki/%E8%84%B1%E8%84%B1%E4%B8%8D%E8%8A%B1" title="脱脱不花">脫脫不花</a>取得了<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E5%A4%A7%E6%B1%97" title="蒙古大汗">蒙古大汗</a>之位。也先在1439年繼承其父成為瓦剌首領，并获脱脱不花赐封为<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%B8%88" title="太师">太师</a>，妹妹嫁给脱脱不花。也先向北征服<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B6%E5%B0%BC%E5%A1%9E%E5%90%89%E5%B0%94%E5%90%89%E6%96%AF%E4%BA%BA" title="叶尼塞吉尔吉斯人">乞儿吉思</a>，西征<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%BA%9A" title="中亚">中亚</a>，南破<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E5%AF%86%E5%9C%8B" title="哈密國">哈密</a>，让自己的外甥哈密忠顺王<a href="/wiki/%E5%80%92%E7%93%A6%E7%AD%94%E5%A4%B1%E9%87%8C" title="倒瓦答失里">倒瓦答失里</a>控制<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%9F%9F" title="西域">西域</a>道路；联合<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E5%B7%9E%E5%8D%AB" title="沙州卫">沙州卫</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%95%E4%B8%9C%E5%8D%AB" title="罕东卫">罕东卫</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%A4%E6%96%A4%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E5%8D%AB" title="赤斤蒙古卫">赤斤蒙古卫</a>，封喃哥为平章，设置<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%98%E8%82%85%E8%A1%8C%E7%9C%81" class="mw-redirect" title="甘肅行省">甘肃行省</a>；向東發展，攻打<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%80%E8%89%AF%E5%93%88%E4%B8%89%E5%8D%AB" title="兀良哈三卫">兀良哈三卫</a>，和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E5%AE%81%E5%8D%AB" title="泰宁卫">泰宁卫</a>都督拙赤联姻，征服了<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%B3%E7%9C%9F" title="女真">女真</a>，使<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E5%B7%9E%E5%A5%B3%E7%9C%9F" title="建州女真">建州女真</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E8%A5%BF%E5%A5%B3%E7%9C%9F" title="海西女真">海西女真</a>配合自己对明朝的军事行动，势力到达<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鮮王朝">朝鮮</a>北境，並以明朝拒絕貿易之名進攻明朝。<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>此时的瓦剌控制区东接朝鲜、西起中亚、北至<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E4%BC%AF%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" title="西伯利亚">西伯利亚</a>、南临<a href="/wiki/%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E" title="长城">长城</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%AA%E6%AD%A6" title="洪武">洪武</a>以来，蒙古重新统一，在其势力膨胀後，也先意图恢复<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E6%9C%9D" title="元朝">元朝</a>江山。1449年，分兵四路攻打明朝，亲自率军<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%90%8C%E4%B9%8B%E6%88%98" title="大同之战">攻打大同</a>。在<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E6%9C%A8%E5%A0%A1%E4%B9%8B%E8%AE%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="土木堡之變">土木堡之變</a>一戰中，打敗明軍，俘虜了<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E8%8B%B1%E5%AE%97" title="明英宗">明英宗</a>。十月，包圍<a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%86%E5%A4%A9%E5%BA%9C" title="順天府">燕京</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%9C%9D" title="明朝">明朝</a>形勢危急，後<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E4%BF%9D%E8%A1%9B%E6%88%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="北京保衛戰">圍攻京师</a>不成，退回蒙古。1450年，与明朝议和，並釋放了明英宗。 </p><p>在他統治時致力於加強瓦剌<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%B8%88" title="太师">太师</a>的統治力，控制各部<a href="/wiki/%E9%85%8B%E9%95%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="酋長">酋長</a>。他想要以妹妹的儿子作为太子，自己作为舅上皇，被姐夫岱总汗脱脱不花拒绝。1451年，离间脱脱不花和其弟<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%99%B6%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94%E6%B5%8E" title="阿噶巴尔济">阿噶巴尔济</a>，于是击败了脱脱不花，脱脱不花被<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E6%A2%81%E6%B5%B7" title="乌梁海">兀良哈</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E4%B8%8D%E4%B8%B9" title="沙不丹">沙不丹</a>所杀。他又设计诱杀阿噶巴尔济，兼并了大汗和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%8E%E5%86%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="济农">济农</a>的部众。 </p><p>添元元年八月初十日（1453年9月12日），也先宰白馬九、黑牛五，舉行隆重祭天大典，正式稱汗，稱「大元田盛（天聖）大可汗」，建年號「添元」（天元）。<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-也先稱汗_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-也先稱汗-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>任命其次子<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%A4%B1%E5%B8%96%E6%9C%A8%E5%84%BF" title="阿失帖木儿">阿失帖木兒</a>為太師，將大權控制在本家族手中。添元元年十月十五日（1453年11月15日），也先遣使向明朝貢馬並致書明廷，通報他已稱汗，書曰：「往者元受天命，今已得其位，盡有其國土、人民、傳國玉寶。宜順天道，遣使和好，庶兩家共享太平。」說明他已「奉天承運」，重建了元朝，希望得到明朝的承認。明朝不情願承認這一事實，僅為也先的稱號就爭論了一個多月，不願稱他為「大元田盛大可汗」，報書只勉強稱之為「瓦剌可汗」。<sup id="cite_ref-也先稱汗_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-也先稱汗-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>這樣，也先終於以自己的聰明睿智和英勇武功，打破非黃金家族不能稱汗的傳統觀念，衝破了重重阻力，成為蒙古史上第一個也是唯一的非黃金家族出身的大汗。<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>据《<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D%E5%AE%9E%E5%BD%95" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鲜王朝实录">朝鲜王朝实录</a>》，添元二年（1454年）八月，也先被其部下<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%89%8C%E7%9F%A5%E9%99%A2" title="阿剌知院">阿剌知院</a>暗殺。<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>《蒙古源流》里，他被阿剌知院击败后，逃亡途中被仇人索尔逊的儿子巴郭杀死。而<a href="/wiki/%E9%83%91%E6%99%93" class="mw-redirect" title="郑晓">郑晓</a>《皇明北虏考》和蒙古两《<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E9%BB%83%E9%87%91%E5%8F%B2" title="蒙古黃金史">黄金史</a>》记载类似，均称他战败逃亡时饥渴，向一妇人讨酸马奶喝，离去後被妇人告知儿子，最后也先被仇人之子追上杀死。<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>也先去世後，蒙古又恢復了四分五裂的局面，瓦剌也逐漸衰微，其次子阿失帖木儿统领绰罗斯诸部，演变出<a href="/wiki/%E5%87%86%E5%99%B6%E5%B0%94%E9%83%A8" title="准噶尔部">准噶尔</a>（其曾孙<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%9A%E7%BD%97%E7%BA%B3%E5%93%88%E5%8B%92" title="博罗纳哈勒">博罗纳哈勒</a>演变出<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%9C%E5%B0%94%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%E9%83%A8_(%E7%BB%B0%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E6%B0%8F)" title="杜尔伯特部 (绰罗斯氏)">杜尔伯特</a>），並分為<a href="/wiki/%E5%92%8C%E7%A2%A9%E7%89%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="和碩特">和碩特</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E7%88%BE%E6%89%88%E7%89%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="土爾扈特">土爾扈特</a>等部。<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="子女"><span id=".E5.AD.90.E5.A5.B3"></span>子女</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%9F%E5%85%88&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：子女"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>火儿忽答孙，又作忽儿忽答孙（《明史》记为“火儿忽力”，“力”为“刀”之讹误），封<a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%9A%E7%8E%8B" class="mw-disambig" title="楚王">楚王</a>。也先死后，也先妻子者密失哈屯与长子火儿忽答孙驻牧在<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%8E%E5%B8%83%E6%B1%97%E6%B2%B3" title="扎布汗河">扎布汗河</a>，逐渐与也先次子阿失帖木儿太师分离。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%A4%B1%E5%B8%96%E6%9C%A8%E5%84%BF" title="阿失帖木儿">阿失帖木儿</a>，封<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%B8%88" title="太师">太师</a>，俺檀汗。</li> <li>阿玛桑赤，又作兀麻舍，至中亚依附于<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E5%AF%9F%E5%90%88%E5%8F%B0%E6%B1%97%E5%9B%BD" title="东察合台汗国">东察合台汗国</a>，其子<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A6%E4%B8%8D%E5%89%8C" title="亦不剌">亦不剌</a>。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BD%90%E9%BD%90%E5%85%8B%E5%A6%A3%E5%90%89" title="齐齐克妣吉">齐齐克妣吉</a>，也先之女，嫁给乌格克图汗<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%99%B6%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94%E6%B5%8E" title="阿噶巴尔济">阿噶巴尔济</a>的儿子<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E5%89%8C%E8%8B%A6%E5%87%BA" title="哈剌苦出">哈剌苦出</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%BD%A6%E8%92%99%E5%85%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="巴彦蒙克">巴彦蒙克</a>的母亲，<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%BE%E5%BB%B6%E6%B1%97" title="达延汗">达延汗</a>的祖母。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="影視形象"><span id=".E5.BD.B1.E8.A6.96.E5.BD.A2.E8.B1.A1"></span>影視形象</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%9F%E5%85%88&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：影視形象"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="電視劇"><span id=".E9.9B.BB.E8.A6.96.E5.8A.87"></span>電視劇</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%9F%E5%85%88&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：電視劇"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr style="background:cornflowerblue; color:white; text-align:center;"> <td><b>年份</b></td> <td><b>地區</b></td> <td><b>作品</b></td> <td><b>演員</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1985年</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF" title="香港">香港</a><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E9%9B%BB%E8%A6%96" title="亞洲電視">亞洲電視</a></td> <td>《<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%8D%E8%B9%A4%E4%BF%A0%E5%BD%B1%E9%8C%84_(1985%E5%B9%B4%E9%9B%BB%E8%A6%96%E5%8A%87)" title="萍蹤俠影錄 (1985年電視劇)">萍蹤俠影錄</a>》</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%87%8C%E6%96%87%E6%B5%B7" title="凌文海">凌文海</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2003年</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B" title="中國">中國</a></td> <td>《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E6%98%8E%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D%E9%A9%9A%E8%AE%8A%E9%8C%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="大明王朝驚變錄（页面不存在）">大明王朝驚變錄</a>》</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%A0%E5%B1%B1_(%E6%BC%94%E5%91%98)" title="张山 (演员)">張山</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2016年</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B" title="中國">中國</a></td> <td>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%B3%E5%8C%BB%C2%B7%E6%98%8E%E5%A6%83%E4%BC%A0" title="女医·明妃传">女醫·明妃傳</a>》</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%A2%81%E6%96%87%E5%BA%B7" title="袁文康">袁文康</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2019年</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B" title="中國">中國</a></td> <td>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%98%8E%E9%A2%A8%E8%8F%AF" title="大明風華">大明風華</a>》</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%A3%AE" title="巴森">巴森</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>参考文献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%9F%E5%85%88&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：参考文献"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 32em; -webkit-column-width: 32em; column-width: 32em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%89%E8%A7%80%E5%85%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="劉觀其（页面不存在）">劉觀其</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220309205504/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=r0g5EAAAQBAJ&pg=PT111&dq=%E9%A1%8D%E6%A3%AE+%E4%B9%9F%E5%85%88+%E7%93%A6%E5%89%8C%E9%83%A8%E9%A6%96%E9%A0%98&hl=zh-TW&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiUxZTdiujzAhWNHqYKHZ8PBMUQ6AF6BAgJEAI#v=onepage&q=%E9%A1%8D%E6%A3%AE%20%E4%B9%9F%E5%85%88%20%E7%93%A6%E5%89%8C%E9%83%A8%E9%A6%96%E9%A0%98&f=false">《一口氣讀完大明史》</a>. 中華民國: 海鴿文化出版圖書有限公司. 2019年5月29日. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9789863922759" title="Special:网络书源/9789863922759"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9789863922759</a>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=r0g5EAAAQBAJ&pg=PT111&dq=%E9%A1%8D%E6%A3%AE+%E4%B9%9F%E5%85%88+%E7%93%A6%E5%89%8C%E9%83%A8%E9%A6%96%E9%A0%98&hl=zh-TW&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiUxZTdiujzAhWNHqYKHZ8PBMUQ6AF6BAgJEAI#v=onepage&q=%E9%A1%8D%E6%A3%AE%20%E4%B9%9F%E5%85%88%20%E7%93%A6%E5%89%8C%E9%83%A8%E9%A6%96%E9%A0%98&f=false">原始内容</a>存档于2022年3月9日） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文网页">（中文）</span>. <q>也先，明代蒙古瓦剌部首領，又譯額森。出身於準噶爾部，姓綽羅斯氏。</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%B9%9F%E5%85%88&rft.au=%E5%8A%89%E8%A7%80%E5%85%B6&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E4%B8%80%E5%8F%A3%E6%B0%A3%E8%AE%80%E5%AE%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%98%8E%E5%8F%B2%E3%80%8B&rft.date=2019-05-29&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9789863922759&rft.place=%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B&rft.pub=%E6%B5%B7%E9%B4%BF%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E5%9C%96%E6%9B%B8%E6%9C%89%E9%99%90%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dr0g5EAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT111%26dq%3D%25E9%25A1%258D%25E6%25A3%25AE%2B%25E4%25B9%259F%25E5%2585%2588%2B%25E7%2593%25A6%25E5%2589%258C%25E9%2583%25A8%25E9%25A6%2596%25E9%25A0%2598%26hl%3Dzh-TW%26sa%3DX%26ved%3D2ahUKEwiUxZTdiujzAhWNHqYKHZ8PBMUQ6AF6BAgJEAI%23v%3Donepage%26q%3D%25E9%25A1%258D%25E6%25A3%25AE%2520%25E4%25B9%259F%25E5%2585%2588%2520%25E7%2593%25A6%25E5%2589%258C%25E9%2583%25A8%25E9%25A6%2596%25E9%25A0%2598%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20220309205504/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=r0g5EAAAQBAJ&pg=PT111&dq=%E9%A1%8D%E6%A3%AE+%E4%B9%9F%E5%85%88+%E7%93%A6%E5%89%8C%E9%83%A8%E9%A6%96%E9%A0%98&hl=zh-TW&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiUxZTdiujzAhWNHqYKHZ8PBMUQ6AF6BAgJEAI#v=onepage&q=%E9%A1%8D%E6%A3%AE%20%E4%B9%9F%E5%85%88%20%E7%93%A6%E5%89%8C%E9%83%A8%E9%A6%96%E9%A0%98&f=false">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%A0%E7%B6%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="章綸">章綸</a>. 《論朝貢疏》 <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文网页">（中文）</span>. <q>先太師乃其臣也，自稱可汗實為僭竊。我為華夷之主而兼與奪之柄，雖未興師問罪，然亦難徇所稱。蓋天無二日，土無二王，兩帝並立，誠起爭端。今爾既每來朝貢，敬順朝廷，特封爾為敬順王，所賜金帛仍如舊數。</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%B9%9F%E5%85%88&rft.au=%E7%AB%A0%E7%B6%B8&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E8%AB%96%E6%9C%9D%E8%B2%A2%E7%96%8F%E3%80%8B&rft.genre=book&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%B5%E5%BB%B7%E7%8E%89" class="mw-redirect" title="張廷玉">張廷玉</a>. 《明史‧卷三百二十八‧卷列傳第二百十六‧外國九瓦剌‧朵顏福余泰寧》 <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文网页">（中文）</span>. <q>四年，脫懽死，子也先嗣，稱太師淮王。</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%B9%9F%E5%85%88&rft.au=%E5%BC%B5%E5%BB%B7%E7%8E%89&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E6%98%8E%E5%8F%B2%E2%80%A7%E5%8D%B7%E4%B8%89%E7%99%BE%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AB%E2%80%A7%E5%8D%B7%E5%88%97%E5%82%B3%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E7%99%BE%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AD%E2%80%A7%E5%A4%96%E5%9C%8B%E4%B9%9D+%E7%93%A6%E5%89%8C%E2%80%A7%E6%9C%B5%E9%A1%8F%E7%A6%8F%E4%BD%99+%E6%B3%B0%E5%AF%A7%E3%80%8B&rft.genre=book&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%88%E9%81%93%E5%88%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="沈道初">沈道初</a>; <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%99%82%E6%83%A0%E6%A6%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="時惠榮（页面不存在）">時惠榮</a>; <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B2%88%E9%9C%87%E5%AE%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="沈震宇（页面不存在）">沈震宇</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211027130250/https://books.google.com.tw/books?hl=zh-TW&id=X1cFAQAAIAAJ&dq=%E9%98%BF%E5%99%B6%E5%B7%B4%E7%88%BE%E6%BF%9F+%E8%A2%AB%E6%AE%BA&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=%E9%98%BF%E5%99%B6%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94%E6%B5%8E%E8%A2%AB%E4%B9%9F">《中國的皇帝：元·明·清》</a>. 中華人民共和國: <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE" title="南京大学出版社">南京大學出版社</a>. : 第111頁. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/7305033839" title="Special:网络书源/7305033839"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 7305033839</a>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?hl=zh-TW&id=X1cFAQAAIAAJ&dq=%E9%98%BF%E5%99%B6%E5%B7%B4%E7%88%BE%E6%BF%9F+%E8%A2%AB%E6%AE%BA&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=%E9%98%BF%E5%99%B6%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94%E6%B5%8E%E8%A2%AB%E4%B9%9F">原始内容</a>存档于2021-10-27） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文网页">（中文）</span>. <q>由於阿噶巴爾濟與其兄發生內訌，反戈相向，阿噶巴爾濟叛投也先，脫脫不花兵敗逃入兀良哈被殺。阿噶巴爾濟被擁立為汗。但不到一年，於公元 1452年被丞相也先設計誘殺，其黨徒和宗室皆被殺，「凡故元頭目苗裔無不見殺」(《明英宗實錄》卷 232 )。</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%B9%9F%E5%85%88&rft.au=%E6%99%82%E6%83%A0%E6%A6%AE&rft.au=%E6%B2%88%E9%81%93%E5%88%9D&rft.au=%E6%B2%88%E9%9C%87%E5%AE%87&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E7%9A%84%E7%9A%87%E5%B8%9D%EF%BC%9A%E5%85%83%C2%B7%E6%98%8E%C2%B7%E6%B8%85%E3%80%8B&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=7305033839&rft.pages=%E7%AC%AC111%E9%A0%81&rft.place=%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B&rft.pub=%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fhl%3Dzh-TW%26id%3DX1cFAQAAIAAJ%26dq%3D%25E9%2598%25BF%25E5%2599%25B6%25E5%25B7%25B4%25E7%2588%25BE%25E6%25BF%259F%2B%25E8%25A2%25AB%25E6%25AE%25BA%26focus%3Dsearchwithinvolume%26q%3D%25E9%2598%25BF%25E5%2599%25B6%25E5%25B7%25B4%25E5%25B0%2594%25E6%25B5%258E%25E8%25A2%25AB%25E4%25B9%259F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20211027130250/https://books.google.com.tw/books?hl=zh-TW&id=X1cFAQAAIAAJ&dq=%E9%98%BF%E5%99%B6%E5%B7%B4%E7%88%BE%E6%BF%9F+%E8%A2%AB%E6%AE%BA&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=%E9%98%BF%E5%99%B6%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94%E6%B5%8E%E8%A2%AB%E4%B9%9F">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9E%97%E4%B9%8B%E6%BB%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="林之滿（页面不存在）">林之滿</a>; <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%95%AD%E6%A5%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="蕭楓（页面不存在）">蕭楓</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220310013155/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=_onhAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT32&dq=%E4%B9%9F%E5%85%88+%E7%93%A6%E5%89%8C+%E6%A5%B5%E7%9B%9B&hl=zh-TW&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjh0OGH-OXzAhVOMd4KHcBfA54Q6AF6BAgJEAI#v=onepage&q=%E4%B9%9F%E5%85%88%20%E7%93%A6%E5%89%8C%20%E6%A5%B5%E7%9B%9B&f=false">《風格迥異的古代民族（下）》</a>. 中華人民共和國: <a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%BD%E6%B5%B7%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE" title="辽海出版社">遼海出版社</a>. 2008年. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9787545100679" title="Special:网络书源/9787545100679"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9787545100679</a>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=_onhAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT32&dq=%E4%B9%9F%E5%85%88+%E7%93%A6%E5%89%8C+%E6%A5%B5%E7%9B%9B&hl=zh-TW&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjh0OGH-OXzAhVOMd4KHcBfA54Q6AF6BAgJEAI#v=onepage&q=%E4%B9%9F%E5%85%88%20%E7%93%A6%E5%89%8C%20%E6%A5%B5%E7%9B%9B&f=false">原始内容</a>存档于2022-03-10） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文网页">（中文）</span>. <q>正統四年（1439）脫懹死，子也先嗣，稱太師淮王。至此，瓦剌勢力極盛。</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%B9%9F%E5%85%88&rft.au=%E6%9E%97%E4%B9%8B%E6%BB%BF&rft.au=%E8%95%AD%E6%A5%93&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E9%A2%A8%E6%A0%BC%E8%BF%A5%E7%95%B0%E7%9A%84%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A3%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%EF%BC%88%E4%B8%8B%EF%BC%89%E3%80%8B&rft.date=2008&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9787545100679&rft.place=%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B&rft.pub=%E9%81%BC%E6%B5%B7%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_onhAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT32%26dq%3D%25E4%25B9%259F%25E5%2585%2588%2B%25E7%2593%25A6%25E5%2589%258C%2B%25E6%25A5%25B5%25E7%259B%259B%26hl%3Dzh-TW%26sa%3DX%26ved%3D2ahUKEwjh0OGH-OXzAhVOMd4KHcBfA54Q6AF6BAgJEAI%23v%3Donepage%26q%3D%25E4%25B9%259F%25E5%2585%2588%2520%25E7%2593%25A6%25E5%2589%258C%2520%25E6%25A5%25B5%25E7%259B%259B%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20220310013155/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=_onhAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT32&dq=%E4%B9%9F%E5%85%88+%E7%93%A6%E5%89%8C+%E6%A5%B5%E7%9B%9B&hl=zh-TW&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjh0OGH-OXzAhVOMd4KHcBfA54Q6AF6BAgJEAI#v=onepage&q=%E4%B9%9F%E5%85%88%20%E7%93%A6%E5%89%8C%20%E6%A5%B5%E7%9B%9B&f=false">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book">萨冈. <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="维基文库"><img alt="链接至维基文库" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> <a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/zh:%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E6%BA%90%E6%B5%81_(%E5%9B%9B%E5%BA%93%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6%E6%9C%AC)/%E5%8D%B75" class="extiw" title="s:zh:蒙古源流 (四库全书本)/卷5">蒙古源流（《四库全书》本）</a>. <a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%87%E5%BA%93" title="维基文库">维基文库</a>. 北京 <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="中文">（中文）</span>. <q>带领都沁·都尔本二部落行兵于汉地</q></span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%5B%5BFile%3AWikisource-logo.svg%7C12px%7Clink%3D%7Calt%3D%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5%E8%87%B3%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%87%E5%BA%93%7C%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%87%E5%BA%93%5D%5D%26nbsp%3B%5B%5Bs%3Azh%3A%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E6%BA%90%E6%B5%81+%28%E5%9B%9B%E5%BA%93%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6%E6%9C%AC%29%2F%E5%8D%B75%7C-%7BR%7C%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E6%BA%90%E6%B5%81%EF%BC%88%E3%80%8A%E5%9B%9B%E5%BA%93%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6%E3%80%8B%E6%9C%AC%EF%BC%89%7D-%5D%5D&rft.jtitle=%5B%5B%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%87%E5%BA%93%5D%5D&rft.aulast=%E8%90%A8%E5%86%88&rft.au=%E8%90%A8%E5%86%88&rft.place=%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC&rfr_id=info:sid/zh.wikipedia.org:%E4%B9%9F%E5%85%88"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B3%E6%96%87_(%E6%AD%A3%E7%B5%B1%E9%80%B2%E5%A3%AB)" title="陳文 (正統進士)">陳文</a>. 《明實錄‧英宗睿皇帝實錄‧卷一百九十八‧廢帝郕戾王附錄第十六》 <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文网页">（中文）</span>. <q>(景泰元年十一月)甲寅，瓦剌也先使臣昂克等，還命齎敕及彩叚、絹疋，歸賜也先，並妻及頭目人等，敕曰爾瓦剌都總兵、答剌罕、太師淮王、大頭目、中書右丞相也先遣來使到京，進貢馬匹、銀、貂鼠皮，並覽奏文具，悉太師敬順。</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%B9%9F%E5%85%88&rft.au=%E9%99%B3%E6%96%87&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E6%98%8E%E5%AF%A6%E9%8C%84%E2%80%A7%E8%8B%B1%E5%AE%97%E7%9D%BF%E7%9A%87%E5%B8%9D%E5%AF%A6%E9%8C%84%E2%80%A7%E5%8D%B7%E4%B8%80%E7%99%BE%E4%B9%9D%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AB%E2%80%A7%E5%BB%A2%E5%B8%9D%E9%83%95%E6%88%BE%E7%8E%8B%E9%99%84%E9%8C%84%E7%AC%AC%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AD%E3%80%8B&rft.genre=book&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%B5%E5%BB%B7%E7%8E%89" class="mw-redirect" title="張廷玉">張廷玉</a>. 《明史‧卷十‧本紀第十‧英宗前紀》 <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文网页">（中文）</span>. <q>明是年，琉球中山、安南、占城入貢。瓦剌貢使三千人，賞不如例，遂構釁。</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%B9%9F%E5%85%88&rft.au=%E5%BC%B5%E5%BB%B7%E7%8E%89&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E6%98%8E%E5%8F%B2%E2%80%A7%E5%8D%B7%E5%8D%81%E2%80%A7%E6%9C%AC%E7%B4%80%E7%AC%AC%E5%8D%81%E2%80%A7%E8%8B%B1%E5%AE%97%E5%89%8D%E7%B4%80%E3%80%8B&rft.genre=book&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%B5%E5%BB%B7%E7%8E%89" class="mw-redirect" title="張廷玉">張廷玉</a>. 《明史·卷十一·本紀第十一·景帝》 <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文网页">（中文）</span>. <q>甲午，也先自立為可汗。</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%B9%9F%E5%85%88&rft.au=%E5%BC%B5%E5%BB%B7%E7%8E%89&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E6%98%8E%E5%8F%B2%C2%B7%E5%8D%B7%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%80%C2%B7%E6%9C%AC%E7%B4%80%E7%AC%AC%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%80%C2%B7%E6%99%AF%E5%B8%9D%E3%80%8B&rft.genre=book&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-也先稱汗-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-也先稱汗_10-0"><sup><b>10.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-也先稱汗_10-1"><sup><b>10.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B6%99%E9%9B%B2%E7%94%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="趙雲田（页面不存在）">趙雲田</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220512142536/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=_YR0AAAAIAAJ&q=%E4%B9%9F%E5%85%88+%E5%8F%AF%E6%B1%97+%E5%AE%B0%E7%99%BD%E9%A9%AC%E4%B9%9D%E3%80%81%E9%BB%91%E7%89%9B%E4%BA%94%E7%A5%AD%E5%A4%A9&dq=%E4%B9%9F%E5%85%88+%E5%8F%AF%E6%B1%97+%E5%AE%B0%E7%99%BD%E9%A9%AC%E4%B9%9D%E3%80%81%E9%BB%91%E7%89%9B%E4%BA%94%E7%A5%AD%E5%A4%A9&hl=zh-TW&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj47urW0ar2AhWHDd4KHXe6AxoQ6AF6BAgFEAI">《北疆通史‧第二卷》</a>. 中華人民共和國: <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%B7%9E%E5%8F%A4%E7%B1%8D%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE" title="中州古籍出版社">中州古籍出版社</a>. : 第395頁. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9787534818929" title="Special:网络书源/9787534818929"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9787534818929</a>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=_YR0AAAAIAAJ&q=%E4%B9%9F%E5%85%88+%E5%8F%AF%E6%B1%97+%E5%AE%B0%E7%99%BD%E9%A9%AC%E4%B9%9D%E3%80%81%E9%BB%91%E7%89%9B%E4%BA%94%E7%A5%AD%E5%A4%A9&dq=%E4%B9%9F%E5%85%88+%E5%8F%AF%E6%B1%97+%E5%AE%B0%E7%99%BD%E9%A9%AC%E4%B9%9D%E3%80%81%E9%BB%91%E7%89%9B%E4%BA%94%E7%A5%AD%E5%A4%A9&hl=zh-TW&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj47urW0ar2AhWHDd4KHXe6AxoQ6AF6BAgFEAI">原始内容</a>存档于2022-05-12） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文网页">（中文）</span>. <q>景泰四年（1453年）夏，也先宰白馬九、黑牛五，舉行隆重祭天大典，正式稱汗，稱「大元天聖大可汗」，建年號「天元」。任命其次子阿失帖木兒為太師，將大權控制在本家族手中。同年十月，也先遣使向明朝貢馬並致書明廷，通報他已稱汗，書曰：「往者元受天命，今已得其位，盡有其國土、人民、傳國玉寶。宜順天道，遣使和好，庶兩家共享太平。」說明他已「奉天承運」，重建了元朝，希望得到明朝的承認。明朝不情願承認這一事實，僅為也先的稱號就爭論了一個多月，不願稱他為「大元天聖大可汗」，報書只勉強稱之為「瓦剌可汗」。</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%B9%9F%E5%85%88&rft.au=%E8%B6%99%E9%9B%B2%E7%94%B0&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E5%8C%97%E7%96%86%E9%80%9A%E5%8F%B2%E2%80%A7%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%B7%E3%80%8B&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9787534818929&rft.pages=%E7%AC%AC395%E9%A0%81&rft.place=%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B&rft.pub=%E4%B8%AD%E5%B7%9E%E5%8F%A4%E7%B1%8D%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_YR0AAAAIAAJ%26q%3D%25E4%25B9%259F%25E5%2585%2588%2B%25E5%258F%25AF%25E6%25B1%2597%2B%25E5%25AE%25B0%25E7%2599%25BD%25E9%25A9%25AC%25E4%25B9%259D%25E3%2580%2581%25E9%25BB%2591%25E7%2589%259B%25E4%25BA%2594%25E7%25A5%25AD%25E5%25A4%25A9%26dq%3D%25E4%25B9%259F%25E5%2585%2588%2B%25E5%258F%25AF%25E6%25B1%2597%2B%25E5%25AE%25B0%25E7%2599%25BD%25E9%25A9%25AC%25E4%25B9%259D%25E3%2580%2581%25E9%25BB%2591%25E7%2589%259B%25E4%25BA%2594%25E7%25A5%25AD%25E5%25A4%25A9%26hl%3Dzh-TW%26sa%3DX%26ved%3D2ahUKEwj47urW0ar2AhWHDd4KHXe6AxoQ6AF6BAgFEAI&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20220512142536/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=_YR0AAAAIAAJ&q=%E4%B9%9F%E5%85%88+%E5%8F%AF%E6%B1%97+%E5%AE%B0%E7%99%BD%E9%A9%AC%E4%B9%9D%E3%80%81%E9%BB%91%E7%89%9B%E4%BA%94%E7%A5%AD%E5%A4%A9&dq=%E4%B9%9F%E5%85%88+%E5%8F%AF%E6%B1%97+%E5%AE%B0%E7%99%BD%E9%A9%AC%E4%B9%9D%E3%80%81%E9%BB%91%E7%89%9B%E4%BA%94%E7%A5%AD%E5%A4%A9&hl=zh-TW&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj47urW0ar2AhWHDd4KHXe6AxoQ6AF6BAgFEAI">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B3%E6%96%87_(%E6%AD%A3%E7%B5%B1%E9%80%B2%E5%A3%AB)" title="陳文 (正統進士)">陳文</a>. 《明實錄‧英宗睿皇帝實錄‧卷二百三十四‧廢帝郕戾王附錄第五十二》 <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文网页">（中文）</span>. <q>戊戌，瓦剌也先遣使臣哈只等齎書來朝，貢馬及貂鼠、銀鼠皮，其書首稱大元田盛大可汗，田盛猶言天聖也，末稱添元元年。</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%B9%9F%E5%85%88&rft.au=%E9%99%B3%E6%96%87&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E6%98%8E%E5%AF%A6%E9%8C%84%E2%80%A7%E8%8B%B1%E5%AE%97%E7%9D%BF%E7%9A%87%E5%B8%9D%E5%AF%A6%E9%8C%84%E2%80%A7%E5%8D%B7%E4%BA%8C%E7%99%BE%E4%B8%89%E5%8D%81%E5%9B%9B%E2%80%A7%E5%BB%A2%E5%B8%9D%E9%83%95%E6%88%BE%E7%8E%8B%E9%99%84%E9%8C%84%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%94%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E3%80%8B&rft.genre=book&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%B5%E5%BB%B7%E7%8E%89" class="mw-redirect" title="張廷玉">張廷玉</a>. 《明史‧卷三百二十八‧卷列傳第二百十六‧外國九瓦剌‧朵顏福余泰寧》 <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文网页">（中文）</span>. <q>明年冬，也先自立為可汗，以其次子為太師，來朝，書稱大元田盛大可汗，末曰添元元年。田盛，猶言天聖也。報書稱曰瓦剌可汗。</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%B9%9F%E5%85%88&rft.au=%E5%BC%B5%E5%BB%B7%E7%8E%89&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E6%98%8E%E5%8F%B2%E2%80%A7%E5%8D%B7%E4%B8%89%E7%99%BE%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AB%E2%80%A7%E5%8D%B7%E5%88%97%E5%82%B3%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E7%99%BE%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AD%E2%80%A7%E5%A4%96%E5%9C%8B%E4%B9%9D+%E7%93%A6%E5%89%8C%E2%80%A7%E6%9C%B5%E9%A1%8F%E7%A6%8F%E4%BD%99+%E6%B3%B0%E5%AF%A7%E3%80%8B&rft.genre=book&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%99%BD%E7%BF%A0%E7%90%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="白翠琴（页面不存在）">白翠琴</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=zxA2AQAAIAAJ&q=%E4%B9%9F%E5%85%88+%E5%94%AF%E4%B8%80+%E7%93%A6%E5%89%8C+%E5%A4%A7%E6%B1%97&dq=%E4%B9%9F%E5%85%88+%E5%94%AF%E4%B8%80+%E7%93%A6%E5%89%8C+%E5%A4%A7%E6%B1%97&hl=zh-TW&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi8yeDOwrj1AhUCfnAKHSNcBvUQ6AF6BAgIEAI">《瓦剌史》</a>. 中華人民共和國: <a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BF%E8%A5%BF%E5%B8%88%E8%8C%83%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE" title="广西师范大学出版社">廣西師範大學出版社</a>. 2006年12月1日: 第223頁. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/7563363483" title="Special:网络书源/7563363483"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 7563363483</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220118203500/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=zxA2AQAAIAAJ&q=%E4%B9%9F%E5%85%88+%E5%94%AF%E4%B8%80+%E7%93%A6%E5%89%8C+%E5%A4%A7%E6%B1%97&dq=%E4%B9%9F%E5%85%88+%E5%94%AF%E4%B8%80+%E7%93%A6%E5%89%8C+%E5%A4%A7%E6%B1%97&hl=zh-TW&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi8yeDOwrj1AhUCfnAKHSNcBvUQ6AF6BAgIEAI">存档</a>于2022年1月18日） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文网页">（中文）</span>. <q>這樣，也先終於以自己的聰明睿智和英勇武功，打破非黃金氏族不能稱汗的傳統觀念，衝破了重重阻力，成為蒙古史上第一個也是唯一的非黃金氏族出身的大汗。</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%B9%9F%E5%85%88&rft.au=%E7%99%BD%E7%BF%A0%E7%90%B4&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E7%93%A6%E5%89%8C%E5%8F%B2%E3%80%8B&rft.date=2006-12-01&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=7563363483&rft.pages=%E7%AC%AC223%E9%A0%81&rft.place=%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B&rft.pub=%E5%BB%A3%E8%A5%BF%E5%B8%AB%E7%AF%84%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzxA2AQAAIAAJ%26q%3D%25E4%25B9%259F%25E5%2585%2588%2B%25E5%2594%25AF%25E4%25B8%2580%2B%25E7%2593%25A6%25E5%2589%258C%2B%25E5%25A4%25A7%25E6%25B1%2597%26dq%3D%25E4%25B9%259F%25E5%2585%2588%2B%25E5%2594%25AF%25E4%25B8%2580%2B%25E7%2593%25A6%25E5%2589%258C%2B%25E5%25A4%25A7%25E6%25B1%2597%26hl%3Dzh-TW%26sa%3DX%26ved%3D2ahUKEwi8yeDOwrj1AhUCfnAKHSNcBvUQ6AF6BAgIEAI&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20220118203500/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=zxA2AQAAIAAJ&q=%E4%B9%9F%E5%85%88+%E5%94%AF%E4%B8%80+%E7%93%A6%E5%89%8C+%E5%A4%A7%E6%B1%97&dq=%E4%B9%9F%E5%85%88+%E5%94%AF%E4%B8%80+%E7%93%A6%E5%89%8C+%E5%A4%A7%E6%B1%97&hl=zh-TW&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi8yeDOwrj1AhUCfnAKHSNcBvUQ6AF6BAgIEAI">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <cite class="citation book">《朝鮮王朝實錄‧世祖惠莊大王實錄‧卷二》 <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文网页">（中文）</span>. <q>辛亥，上與魯山幸箭串觀獵，謝恩使花川尉權恭回自大明，復命于駕前。恭奏聞見事伴件曰：「五月三十日到廣寧，有被虜唐人金亮、孫剛等，自也先地面逃來，令通事朴枝問，『問也先安在？』答曰，『也先去年八月被阿剌知院殺死，車馬、玉帛盡爲知院搶去，其年十一月，知院亦被也先部下孛羅平章殺害，自相攻伐，無有統屬。』又問『被虜年月？』答曰，『正統皇帝被圍時隨從』，又問『逃來日月？』答云，『今纔十餘日矣？』七月二十二日還到廣寧，摠兵官曺義與通事朴枝言曰，『喜聞殿下新登寶位，未敢禮賀，伏冀勿謫，須將此意，達于殿下。』又曰，『野人李萬住要結三衛達子，假稱也先兵馬，橫行作賊，也先有人已曾殺死，那裏有也先？爾當啓殿下，愼固防禦，如有犯邊，隨卽殺之。』」</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%B9%9F%E5%85%88&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D%E5%AF%A6%E9%8C%84%E2%80%A7%E4%B8%96%E7%A5%96%E6%83%A0%E8%8E%8A%E5%A4%A7%E7%8E%8B%E5%AF%A6%E9%8C%84%E2%80%A7%E5%8D%B7%E4%BA%8C%E3%80%8B&rft.genre=book&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">郭晔旻, 国家人文历史. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://m.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_10084166">血腥内讧的连锁反应：“土木之变”后，瓦剌与鞑靼的命运如何</a>. 澎湃网. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2023-11-13</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231113113640/https://m.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_10084166">存档</a>于2023-11-13） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文网页">（中文）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%B9%9F%E5%85%88&rft.aufirst=%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2&rft.aulast=%E9%83%AD%E6%99%94%E6%97%BB&rft.btitle=%E8%A1%80%E8%85%A5%E5%86%85%E8%AE%A7%E7%9A%84%E8%BF%9E%E9%94%81%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%94%EF%BC%9A%E2%80%9C%E5%9C%9F%E6%9C%A8%E4%B9%8B%E5%8F%98%E2%80%9D%E5%90%8E%EF%BC%8C%E7%93%A6%E5%89%8C%E4%B8%8E%E9%9E%91%E9%9D%BC%E7%9A%84%E5%91%BD%E8%BF%90%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E6%BE%8E%E6%B9%83%E7%BD%91&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fm.thepaper.cn%2FnewsDetail_forward_10084166&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%99%E6%9E%97" class="mw-redirect" title="羅香林">羅香林</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220309200952/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=rMiQlLtD88IC&pg=PP84&dq=%E6%9D%9C%E7%88%BE%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%E9%83%A8+%E6%BA%96%E5%99%B6%E7%88%BE%E9%83%A8+%E4%B9%9F%E5%85%88%E6%AD%BB%E5%BE%8C&hl=zh-TW&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiokam1zvf0AhWRyYsBHSe8AUAQ6AF6BAgCEAI#v=onepage&q=%E6%9D%9C%E7%88%BE%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%E9%83%A8%20%E6%BA%96%E5%99%B6%E7%88%BE%E9%83%A8%20%E4%B9%9F%E5%85%88%E6%AD%BB%E5%BE%8C&f=false">《中國通史下冊‧第五編近世史前期‧第六十九章清代之武功》</a>. <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B" title="中華民國">中華民國</a>: <a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E4%B8%AD%E6%9B%B8%E5%B1%80" class="mw-redirect" title="正中書局">正中書局股份有限公司</a>. 1992年4月: 第68頁. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9570905964" title="Special:网络书源/9570905964"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9570905964</a>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=rMiQlLtD88IC&pg=PP84&dq=%E6%9D%9C%E7%88%BE%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%E9%83%A8+%E6%BA%96%E5%99%B6%E7%88%BE%E9%83%A8+%E4%B9%9F%E5%85%88%E6%AD%BB%E5%BE%8C&hl=zh-TW&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiokam1zvf0AhWRyYsBHSe8AUAQ6AF6BAgCEAI#v=onepage&q=%E6%9D%9C%E7%88%BE%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%E9%83%A8%20%E6%BA%96%E5%99%B6%E7%88%BE%E9%83%A8%20%E4%B9%9F%E5%85%88%E6%AD%BB%E5%BE%8C&f=false">原始内容</a>存档于2022-03-09） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文网页">（中文）</span>. <q>而其西瓦剌部，自也先死後，則分為準噶爾、和碩特、土爾扈特、杜爾伯特等四部，清初總稱厄魯特蒙古，亦曰四衛拉特，又以其居大漠之西，故又稱漠西蒙古。</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%B9%9F%E5%85%88&rft.au=%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%99%E6%9E%97&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E9%80%9A%E5%8F%B2+%E4%B8%8B%E5%86%8A%E2%80%A7%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%94%E7%B7%A8+%E8%BF%91%E4%B8%96%E5%8F%B2%E5%89%8D%E6%9C%9F%E2%80%A7%E7%AC%AC%E5%85%AD%E5%8D%81%E4%B9%9D%E7%AB%A0+%E6%B8%85%E4%BB%A3%E4%B9%8B%E6%AD%A6%E5%8A%9F%E3%80%8B&rft.date=1992-04&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9570905964&rft.pages=%E7%AC%AC68%E9%A0%81&rft.place=%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B&rft.pub=%E6%AD%A3%E4%B8%AD%E6%9B%B8%E5%B1%80%E8%82%A1%E4%BB%BD%E6%9C%89%E9%99%90%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrMiQlLtD88IC%26pg%3DPP84%26dq%3D%25E6%259D%259C%25E7%2588%25BE%25E4%25BC%25AF%25E7%2589%25B9%25E9%2583%25A8%2B%25E6%25BA%2596%25E5%2599%25B6%25E7%2588%25BE%25E9%2583%25A8%2B%25E4%25B9%259F%25E5%2585%2588%25E6%25AD%25BB%25E5%25BE%258C%26hl%3Dzh-TW%26sa%3DX%26ved%3D2ahUKEwiokam1zvf0AhWRyYsBHSe8AUAQ6AF6BAgCEAI%23v%3Donepage%26q%3D%25E6%259D%259C%25E7%2588%25BE%25E4%25BC%25AF%25E7%2589%25B9%25E9%2583%25A8%2520%25E6%25BA%2596%25E5%2599%25B6%25E7%2588%25BE%25E9%2583%25A8%2520%25E4%25B9%259F%25E5%2585%2588%25E6%25AD%25BB%25E5%25BE%258C%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20220309200952/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=rMiQlLtD88IC&pg=PP84&dq=%E6%9D%9C%E7%88%BE%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%E9%83%A8+%E6%BA%96%E5%99%B6%E7%88%BE%E9%83%A8+%E4%B9%9F%E5%85%88%E6%AD%BB%E5%BE%8C&hl=zh-TW&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiokam1zvf0AhWRyYsBHSe8AUAQ6AF6BAgCEAI#v=onepage&q=%E6%9D%9C%E7%88%BE%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%E9%83%A8%20%E6%BA%96%E5%99%B6%E7%88%BE%E9%83%A8%20%E4%B9%9F%E5%85%88%E6%AD%BB%E5%BE%8C&f=false">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</span> </li> </ol></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r80540462">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents 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class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%92%E5%86%85%C2%B7%E6%A0%BC%E9%B2%81%E5%A1%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="勒内·格鲁塞">勒内·格鲁塞</a>. 《<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%89%E5%8E%9F%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="草原帝国">草原帝国</a>》 <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到法语网页">（法语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%B9%9F%E5%85%88&rft.au=%E5%8B%92%E5%86%85%C2%B7%E6%A0%BC%E9%B2%81%E5%A1%9E&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E8%8D%89%E5%8E%9F%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD%E3%80%8B&rft.genre=book&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">班布尔汗. 《最后的可汗:蒙古帝国余晖》漢譯. 2009. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9787508718989" title="Special:网络书源/9787508718989"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9787508718989</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文网页">（中文）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%B9%9F%E5%85%88&rft.au=%E7%8F%AD%E5%B8%83%E5%B0%94%E6%B1%97&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E6%9C%80%E5%90%8E%E7%9A%84%E5%8F%AF%E6%B1%97%3A%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD%E4%BD%99%E6%99%96%E3%80%8B&rft.date=2009&rft.edition=%E6%BC%A2%E8%AD%AF&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9787508718989&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="中文">（简体中文）</span></li></ul> </div> <div style="clear: both; height: 1em"></div> <table class="wikitable succession-box" style="margin:0.5em auto !important; font-size:95%;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align: center; white-space:nowrap;"> <td width="30%" align="center" rowspan="1">前任：<br /><b><a href="/wiki/%E8%84%B1%E6%87%BD" title="脱懽">脱懽</a></b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b><a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E5%89%8C" title="瓦剌">瓦剌</a>首领</b><br />1439年－1454年 </td> <td width="30%" align="center" rowspan="1">繼任：<br /><b><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%A4%B1%E5%B8%96%E6%9C%A8%E5%84%BF" title="阿失帖木儿">阿失帖木儿</a><br />火儿忽答孙</b> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center; white-space:nowrap;"> <td width="30%" align="center" rowspan="1">前任：<br /><b><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%99%B6%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94%E6%B5%8E" title="阿噶巴尔济">阿噶巴尔济</a></b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E5%A4%A7%E6%B1%97" title="蒙古大汗">蒙古大汗</a></b><br />1453年9月12日－1454年 </td> <td width="30%" align="center" rowspan="1">繼任：<br /><b><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%84%BF%E5%8F%A4%E5%84%BF%E5%90%89%E6%80%9D" title="马儿古儿吉思">马儿古儿吉思</a></b> </td></tr> 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style="width:1%;font-size:100%;background:#f3b40b;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="蒙古帝国">蒙古</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E5%A4%A7%E6%B1%97" title="蒙古大汗">大汗</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px;font-size: 1.0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%90%E5%90%89%E6%80%9D%E6%B1%97" title="成吉思汗">成吉思汗</a>（太祖） <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%96%E9%9B%B7" title="拖雷">拖雷</a>（睿宗）<small>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%A3%E5%9C%8B" title="監國">監國</a>）</small></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E7%AA%9D%E9%98%94%E5%8F%B0" title="窝阔台">窩闊台汗</a>（太宗）</span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E6%98%AD%E6%85%88%E7%9A%87%E5%90%8E" title="昭慈皇后">脫列哥那</a>（昭慈皇后）<small>（<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B4%E6%9C%9D%E7%A7%B0%E5%88%B6" title="临朝称制">称制</a>）</small></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%B5%E7%94%B1" title="贵由">貴由汗</a>（定宗）</span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%BD%E6%B7%91%E7%9A%87%E5%90%8E" title="欽淑皇后">海迷失</a>（钦淑皇后）<small>（<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B4%E6%9C%9D%E7%A7%B0%E5%88%B6" title="临朝称制">称制</a>）</small></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%93%A5" title="蒙哥">蒙哥汗</a>（宪宗）</span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%87%8C%E4%B8%8D%E5%93%A5" title="阿里不哥">阿里不哥汗</a> / <a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%BD%E5%BF%85%E7%83%88" title="忽必烈">世祖忽必烈</a>（薛禅汗）<sup>1</sup></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-size:100%;background:#f3b40b;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E6%9C%9D%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="元朝君主列表">元朝皇帝</a>兼任<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E5%A4%A7%E6%B1%97" title="蒙古大汗">大汗</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px;font-size: 1.0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E6%88%90%E5%AE%97" title="元成宗">成宗廣孝皇帝</a>（完泽笃汗） <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E6%AD%A6%E5%AE%97" title="元武宗">武宗宣孝皇帝</a>（曲律汗）</span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E4%BB%81%E5%AE%97" title="元仁宗">仁宗欽孝皇帝</a>（普颜笃汗）</span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E8%8B%B1%E5%AE%97" title="元英宗">英宗文孝皇帝</a>（格坚汗）</span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E5%AE%9A%E5%B8%9D" title="泰定帝">泰定帝</a>（也孙铁木儿）</span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E9%A1%BA%E5%B8%9D_(%E5%85%83%E6%9C%9D)" title="天顺帝 (元朝)">天順帝</a>（阿剌吉八）</span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E6%96%87%E5%AE%97" title="元文宗">文宗元孝皇帝</a>（札牙笃汗）</span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E6%98%8E%E5%AE%97" title="元明宗">明宗景孝皇帝</a>（忽都笃汗）</span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E6%96%87%E5%AE%97" title="元文宗">文宗元孝皇帝</a>（札牙笃汗）</span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E5%AE%81%E5%AE%97" title="元宁宗">宁宗嗣孝皇帝</a>（懿璘质班）</span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E9%A0%86%E5%B8%9D" title="元順帝">惠宗順皇帝</a>（乌哈噶图汗）</span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-size:100%;background:#f3b40b;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%85%83" title="北元">北元</a>皇帝兼任大汗</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px;font-size: 1.0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E9%A0%86%E5%B8%9D" title="元順帝">惠宗順皇帝</a>（乌哈噶图汗） <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9B%E7%8C%B7%E8%AD%98%E7%90%86%E9%81%94%E8%87%98" title="愛猷識理達臘">昭宗</a>（必里克图汗）</span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E8%84%B1%E5%8F%A4%E6%80%9D%E5%B8%96%E6%9C%A8%E5%84%BF" title="脱古思帖木儿">天元帝</a>（乌萨哈尔汗）</span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-size:100%;background:#f3b40b;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E4%BB%A3%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4" title="明代蒙古">北元瓦解后</a>的蒙古大汗<sup>2</sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px;font-size: 1.0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%93%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%9C%96%E6%B1%97" title="卓里克圖汗">卓里克圖汗</a> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E6%81%A9%E5%85%8B%E6%B1%97" title="恩克汗">恩克汗</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%9D%E5%8B%92%E4%BC%AF%E5%85%8B%E5%B0%BC%E5%8F%A4%E5%9F%92%E8%8B%8F%E5%85%8B%E9%BD%90%E6%B1%97" title="额勒伯克尼古埒苏克齐汗">额勒伯克尼古埒苏克齐汗</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E5%9D%A4%E5%B8%96%E6%9C%A8%E5%85%92" title="坤帖木兒">坤帖木兒</a>汗</span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E9%AC%BC%E5%8A%9B%E8%B5%A4" title="鬼力赤">乌鲁克帖木兒</a>汗（鬼力赤）</span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E9%9B%85%E5%A4%B1%E9%87%8C" title="本雅失里">完者帖木儿汗</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E7%AD%94%E9%87%8C%E5%B7%B4" title="答里巴">答里巴</a>汗</span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E6%96%A1%E4%BA%A6%E5%89%8C%E6%AD%B9" title="斡亦剌歹">卫拉岱</a>汗</span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%8F%B0_(%E5%8F%AF%E6%B1%97)" title="阿台 (可汗)">阿台</a>汗</span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E8%84%B1%E8%84%B1%E4%B8%8D%E8%8A%B1" title="脱脱不花">岱总汗</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%99%B6%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94%E6%B5%8E" title="阿噶巴尔济">阿噶巴尔济</a>（济农）</span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a class="mw-selflink selflink">大元田盛大可汗</a>（淮王也先）<sup>3</sup></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%84%BF%E5%8F%A4%E5%84%BF%E5%90%89%E6%80%9D" title="马儿古儿吉思">乌珂克图汗</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E4%BC%A6%E6%B1%97" title="摩伦汗">摩伦汗</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E6%BB%A1%E9%83%BD%E9%B2%81" title="满都鲁">满都鲁</a>汗</span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%BE%E5%BB%B6%E6%B1%97" title="达延汗">达延汗</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF%E5%8D%9A%E7%BD%97%E7%89%B9" title="巴尔斯博罗特">巴儿速孛罗</a>（济农）</span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%9A%E8%BF%AA" title="博迪">阿剌克汗</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E6%89%93%E6%9D%A5%E5%AD%99" title="打来孙">库腾汗</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E6%89%8E%E8%90%A8%E5%85%8B%E5%9B%BE%E5%9B%BE%E4%BB%AC%E6%B1%97" title="扎萨克图图们汗">扎萨克图汗</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E5%BB%B6" title="布延">彻辰汗</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E4%B8%B9%E6%B1%97" title="林丹汗">林丹汗</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%9D%E5%93%B2" title="额哲">额哲</a><sup>4</sup></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-size:100%;background:#f3b40b;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E5%9B%BD" title="蒙古国"><img alt="蒙古国" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Flag_of_Bogd_Khaanate_Mongolia.svg/16px-Flag_of_Bogd_Khaanate_Mongolia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Flag_of_Bogd_Khaanate_Mongolia.svg/24px-Flag_of_Bogd_Khaanate_Mongolia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Flag_of_Bogd_Khaanate_Mongolia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Bogd_Khaanate_Mongolia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="1320" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%9A%E5%85%8B%E5%A4%9A%E6%B1%97%E5%9B%BD" title="博克多汗国">博克多蒙古</a>的大汗<sup>5</sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px;font-size: 1.0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E5%85%AB%E4%B8%96%E5%93%B2%E5%B8%83%E5%B0%8A%E4%B8%B9%E5%B7%B4%E5%91%BC%E5%9C%96%E5%85%8B%E5%9C%96" title="第八世哲布尊丹巴呼圖克圖">博克多汗</a></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color: #ffe6a1;"><div><sup>1</sup>两者未获普遍承认。<br /><sup>2</sup>自元昭宗以後，所有北元君主皆不自稱皇帝，只自稱大汗。漢文的廟號與諡號也不再有。一说此时大元国号亦不再使用（黎東方，《細說元朝》；二六〈蒙古可汗與元朝皇帝的名單〉，傳記文學出版社，1981年：第215頁）。坤帖木兒败亡之后<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E8%A1%9B%E6%8B%89%E7%89%B9" title="四衛拉特">四卫拉特</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E5%89%8C" title="瓦剌">瓦剌</a>）与蒙古本部（<a href="/wiki/%E9%9E%91%E9%9D%BC_(%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4)" title="鞑靼 (蒙古)">鞑靼</a>）分立。<br /><sup>3</sup>瓦剌太師<a href="/wiki/%E7%AF%A1%E4%BD%8D" title="篡位">篡位</a>，非黄金家族的<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B0%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E6%B0%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="绰罗斯氏">绰罗斯氏</a>称汗。<br /><sup>4</sup>最后一位获公认的蒙古大汗林丹汗病故后其子额哲被后金俘获，随后漠南蒙古各部歸降<a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%87%E5%A4%AA%E6%9E%81" class="mw-redirect" title="皇太极">皇太极</a>，并上尊號為“<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%9A%E6%A0%BC%E8%BE%BE%E6%B1%97" title="博格达汗">博格达汗</a>”（《清史稿》太宗纪）。此称被<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%9C%9D%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="清朝君主列表">清代皇帝</a>与蒙古王公交往时沿用，但清帝詔書自稱則為“皇帝”（达力扎布，清代察哈尔扎萨克旗考，《历史研究》2005年05期；《清内阁蒙古堂档》）。蒙古语俗称“额真汗”，额真意为主子（札奇斯钦，《蒙古史论丛》，台北学海出版社，1980年版下册）。<br /><sup>5</sup>辛亥年库伦宣告脱离清朝并恢复大蒙古国，哲布尊丹巴登基为大汗（《清史稿》列傳三百八·藩部四）。</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="-&#123;zh-cn:规范控制;zh-tw:權威控制;&#125;--&#123;zh-cn:数据库;zh-tw:資料庫&#125;-_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=編輯維基數據鏈接&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9263#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;編輯維基數據鏈接" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><div 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