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class="date-selector" style="cursor:pointer;border:none;color:var(--color-black);border-radius:0.5rem;padding:0.25rem 0.5rem;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none" href="/archive/issues/2023/">2023</a><a class="date-selector" style="cursor:pointer;border:none;color:var(--color-black);border-radius:0.5rem;padding:0.25rem 0.5rem;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none" href="/archive/issues/2024/">2024</a><a class="date-selector" style="cursor:pointer;border:none;color:var(--color-black);border-radius:0.5rem;padding:0.25rem 0.5rem;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none" href="/archive/issues/2025/">2025</a></div></div></div><div class="issue__list-8JHD2"><div class="list__item--tR3J"><a class="issue__link-3e-qg" href="/issue/sa/1853/12-31/"><div class="issue-VnvuN"><div><div><figure class="issueImageContainer-WnIB2"><img class="issue__cover__image-35p5E" src="https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/0E727CC3-39B2-4EC1-B734B3B36B0E2760_source.jpg?w=600" alt="Scientific American Magazine Vol 9 Issue 16" srcSet="https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/0E727CC3-39B2-4EC1-B734B3B36B0E2760_source.jpg?w=300 300w, https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/0E727CC3-39B2-4EC1-B734B3B36B0E2760_source.jpg?w=600 600w" sizes="300px" width="300" loading="lazy"/></figure></div></div><div class="issue__info-Wrv5W"><h3 class="issue__title-rRMdq">Scientific American</h3><div class="issue__date-ozuG1"><time dateTime="1853-12-31">December 1853</time></div></div></div></a></div><div class="list__item--tR3J"><a class="issue__link-3e-qg" href="/issue/sa/1853/12-24/"><div class="issue-VnvuN"><div><div><figure class="issueImageContainer-WnIB2"><img class="issue__cover__image-35p5E" src="https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/1CDD4F13-A6B3-4699-AE511DF5DFBD8553_source.jpg?w=600" alt="Scientific American Magazine Vol 9 Issue 15" srcSet="https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/1CDD4F13-A6B3-4699-AE511DF5DFBD8553_source.jpg?w=300 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width="300" loading="lazy"/></figure></div></div><div class="issue__info-Wrv5W"><h3 class="issue__title-rRMdq">Scientific American</h3><div class="issue__date-ozuG1"><time dateTime="1853-12-17">December 1853</time></div></div></div></a></div><div class="list__item--tR3J"><a class="issue__link-3e-qg" href="/issue/sa/1853/12-10/"><div class="issue-VnvuN"><div><div><figure class="issueImageContainer-WnIB2"><img class="issue__cover__image-35p5E" src="https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/56BDD5A5-E9BE-4F57-8506DDAF0BE3931E_source.jpg?w=600" alt="Scientific American Magazine Vol 9 Issue 13" srcSet="https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/56BDD5A5-E9BE-4F57-8506DDAF0BE3931E_source.jpg?w=300 300w, https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/56BDD5A5-E9BE-4F57-8506DDAF0BE3931E_source.jpg?w=600 600w" sizes="300px" width="300" loading="lazy"/></figure></div></div><div class="issue__info-Wrv5W"><h3 class="issue__title-rRMdq">Scientific American</h3><div class="issue__date-ozuG1"><time dateTime="1853-12-10">December 1853</time></div></div></div></a></div><div class="list__item--tR3J"><a class="issue__link-3e-qg" href="/issue/sa/1853/12-03/"><div class="issue-VnvuN"><div><div><figure class="issueImageContainer-WnIB2"><img class="issue__cover__image-35p5E" src="https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/2D4FBD7C-CA77-4BCD-828DF507B48E629B_source.jpg?w=600" alt="Scientific American Magazine Vol 9 Issue 12" srcSet="https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/2D4FBD7C-CA77-4BCD-828DF507B48E629B_source.jpg?w=300 300w, https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/2D4FBD7C-CA77-4BCD-828DF507B48E629B_source.jpg?w=600 600w" sizes="300px" width="300" loading="lazy"/></figure></div></div><div class="issue__info-Wrv5W"><h3 class="issue__title-rRMdq">Scientific American</h3><div class="issue__date-ozuG1"><time dateTime="1853-12-03">December 1853</time></div></div></div></a></div><div class="list__item--tR3J"><a class="issue__link-3e-qg" href="/issue/sa/1853/11-26/"><div class="issue-VnvuN"><div><div><figure class="issueImageContainer-WnIB2"><img class="issue__cover__image-35p5E" src="https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/2BFCA9D3-C352-43C7-81384D604318A1B1_source.jpg?w=600" alt="Scientific American Magazine Vol 9 Issue 11" srcSet="https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/2BFCA9D3-C352-43C7-81384D604318A1B1_source.jpg?w=300 300w, https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/2BFCA9D3-C352-43C7-81384D604318A1B1_source.jpg?w=600 600w" sizes="300px" width="300" loading="lazy"/></figure></div></div><div class="issue__info-Wrv5W"><h3 class="issue__title-rRMdq">Scientific American</h3><div class="issue__date-ozuG1"><time dateTime="1853-11-26">November 1853</time></div></div></div></a></div><div class="list__item--tR3J"><a class="issue__link-3e-qg" href="/issue/sa/1853/11-19/"><div class="issue-VnvuN"><div><div><figure class="issueImageContainer-WnIB2"><img class="issue__cover__image-35p5E" src="https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/8DE9F495-5B4A-46A0-96DAFA70D8767F18_source.jpg?w=600" alt="Scientific American Magazine Vol 9 Issue 10" srcSet="https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/8DE9F495-5B4A-46A0-96DAFA70D8767F18_source.jpg?w=300 300w, https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/8DE9F495-5B4A-46A0-96DAFA70D8767F18_source.jpg?w=600 600w" sizes="300px" width="300" loading="lazy"/></figure></div></div><div class="issue__info-Wrv5W"><h3 class="issue__title-rRMdq">Scientific American</h3><div class="issue__date-ozuG1"><time dateTime="1853-11-19">November 1853</time></div></div></div></a></div><div class="list__item--tR3J"><a class="issue__link-3e-qg" href="/issue/sa/1853/11-12/"><div class="issue-VnvuN"><div><div><figure class="issueImageContainer-WnIB2"><img class="issue__cover__image-35p5E" 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class="issue__date-ozuG1"><time dateTime="1853-10-15">October 1853</time></div></div></div></a></div><div class="list__item--tR3J"><a class="issue__link-3e-qg" href="/issue/sa/1853/10-08/"><div class="issue-VnvuN"><div><div><figure class="issueImageContainer-WnIB2"><img class="issue__cover__image-35p5E" src="https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/0C5B0320-9979-4236-B0E8DB47CE8542F2_source.jpg?w=600" alt="Scientific American Magazine Vol 9 Issue 4" srcSet="https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/0C5B0320-9979-4236-B0E8DB47CE8542F2_source.jpg?w=300 300w, https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/0C5B0320-9979-4236-B0E8DB47CE8542F2_source.jpg?w=600 600w" sizes="300px" width="300" loading="lazy"/></figure></div></div><div class="issue__info-Wrv5W"><h3 class="issue__title-rRMdq">Scientific American</h3><div class="issue__date-ozuG1"><time dateTime="1853-10-08">October 1853</time></div></div></div></a></div><div class="list__item--tR3J"><a 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