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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Awal</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Anatomi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anatomi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Anatomi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Anatomi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Anatomi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Anatomi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Permukaan_luar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Permukaan_luar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Permukaan luar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Permukaan_luar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Suplai_darah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Suplai_darah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Suplai darah</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Suplai_darah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fungsi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fungsi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Fungsi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fungsi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gambar_tambahan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gambar_tambahan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Gambar tambahan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gambar_tambahan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referensi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referensi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Referensi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referensi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pranala_luar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pranala_luar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Pranala luar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pranala_luar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Daftar isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gulingkan daftar isi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Medula oblongata</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 60 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-60" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">60 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B9_%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%84" title="نخاع مستطيل – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نخاع مستطيل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D2%99%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B5" title="Оҙонса мейе – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Оҙонса мейе" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B3" title="Прадаўгаваты мозг – Belarusia" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Прадаўгаваты мозг" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%BA" title="Продълговат мозък – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Продълговат мозък" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE" title="মেডুলা অবলংগাটা – Bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মেডুলা অবলংগাটা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Produ%C5%BEena_mo%C5%BEdina" title="Produžena moždina – Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Produžena moždina" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulb_raquidi" title="Bulb raquidi – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Bulb raquidi" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%DA%A9%DB%8E%D8%B4%DB%95%D9%85%DB%86%D8%AE" title="لاکێشەمۆخ – Kurdi Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="لاکێشەمۆخ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Kurdi Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prodlou%C5%BEen%C3%A1_m%C3%ADcha" title="Prodloužená mícha – Cheska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Prodloužená mícha" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Cheska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medulla_oblongata" title="Medulla oblongata – Dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Medulla oblongata" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medulla_oblongata" title="Medulla oblongata – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Medulla oblongata" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%AE%CE%BA%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%BC%CF%85%CE%B5%CE%BB%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Προμήκης μυελός – Yunani" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Προμήκης μυελός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medulla_oblongata" title="Medulla oblongata – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Medulla oblongata" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mjela_plilongigo" title="Mjela plilongigo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Mjela plilongigo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulbo_raqu%C3%ADdeo" title="Bulbo raquídeo – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Bulbo raquídeo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piklikaju" title="Piklikaju – Esti" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Piklikaju" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Esti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bizkarrezur-erraboil" title="Bizkarrezur-erraboil – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Bizkarrezur-erraboil" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B5%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B9" title="بصل النخاع – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بصل النخاع" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ydinjatke" title="Ydinjatke – Suomi" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ydinjatke" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Suomi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moelle_allong%C3%A9e" title="Moelle allongée – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Moelle allongée" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earr_na_hinchinne" title="Earr na hinchinne – Irlandia" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Earr na hinchinne" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulbo_raqu%C3%ADdeo" title="Bulbo raquídeo – Galisia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Bulbo raquídeo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%97_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%9A" title="המוח המוארך – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="המוח המוארך" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Produ%C5%BEena_mo%C5%BEdina" title="Produžena moždina – Kroasia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Produžena moždina" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ny%C3%BAltvel%C5%91" title="Nyúltvelő – Hungaria" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Nyúltvelő" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B5%D6%80%D5%AF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6_%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B2%D5%A5%D5%B2" title="Երկարավուն ուղեղ – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Երկարավուն ուղեղ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulbo_(encefalo)" title="Bulbo (encefalo) – Italia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Bulbo (encefalo)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BB%B6%E9%AB%84" title="延髄 – Jepang" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="延髄" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%A0%E1%83%AB%E1%83%9D_%E1%83%A2%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="მოგრძო ტვინი – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მოგრძო ტვინი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D2%9B%D1%88%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Сопақша ми – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Сопақша ми" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%88%A8%EB%87%8C" title="숨뇌 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="숨뇌" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verl%C3%A4ngert_Muerch" title="Verlängert Muerch – Luksemburg" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Verlängert Muerch" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luksemburg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iegaren%C4%81s_smadzenes" title="Iegarenās smadzenes – Latvi" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Iegarenās smadzenes" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Продолжен мозок – Makedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Продолжен мозок" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B2_%E0%B4%92%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1" title="മെഡുല ഒബ്ളോംഗേറ്റ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മെഡുല ഒബ്ളോംഗേറ്റ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medula_oblongata" title="Medula oblongata – Melayu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Medula oblongata" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Melayu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medulla_oblongata" title="Medulla oblongata – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Medulla oblongata" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Den_forlenga_mergen" title="Den forlenga mergen – Nynorsk Norwegia" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Den forlenga mergen" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forlengede_marg" title="Forlengede marg – Bokmål Norwegia" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Forlengede marg" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmål Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rdze%C5%84_przed%C5%82u%C5%BCony" title="Rdzeń przedłużony – Polski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Rdzeń przedłużony" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulbo_raquidiano" title="Bulbo raquidiano – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Bulbo raquidiano" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulb_rahidian" title="Bulb rahidian – Rumania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Bulb rahidian" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B3" title="Продолговатый мозг – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Продолговатый мозг" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Produ%C5%BEena_mo%C5%BEdina" title="Produžena moždina – Serbo-Kroasia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Produžena moždina" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medulla_oblongata" title="Medulla oblongata – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Medulla oblongata" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pred%C4%BA%C5%BEen%C3%A1_miecha" title="Predĺžená miecha – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Predĺžená miecha" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podalj%C5%A1ana_hrbtenja%C4%8Da" title="Podaljšana hrbtenjača – Sloven" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Podaljšana hrbtenjača" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloven" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Продужена мождина – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Продужена мождина" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medulla_oblongata" title="Medulla oblongata – Swedia" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Medulla oblongata" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="முகுளம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="முகுளம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%96%E0%B0%82" title="మజ్జాముఖం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="మజ్జాముఖం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2" title="ก้านสมองส่วนท้าย – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ก้านสมองส่วนท้าย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omurilik_so%C4%9Fan%C4%B1" title="Omurilik soğanı – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Omurilik soğanı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D9%89%D9%84%D9%89%D9%83" title="يىلىك – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="يىلىك" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Довгастий мозок – Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Довгастий мозок" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uzunchoq_miya" title="Uzunchoq miya – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Uzunchoq miya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A0nh_n%C3%A3o" title="Hành não – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hành não" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%B7%E1%83%A0%E1%83%AB%E1%83%94_%E1%83%A2%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="მოგჷრძე ტვინი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="მოგჷრძე ტვინი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BB%B6%E9%AB%93" title="延髓 – Tionghoa" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="延髓" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BB%B6%E8%85%A6" title="延腦 – Kanton" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="延腦" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kanton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q189033#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pranala 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href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pranala_balik/Medula_oblongata" title="Daftar semua halaman wiki yang memiliki pranala ke halaman ini [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pranala balik</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Perubahan_terkait/Medula_oblongata" rel="nofollow" title="Perubahan terbaru halaman-halaman yang memiliki pranala ke halaman ini [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Perubahan terkait</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_istimewa" title="Daftar semua halaman istimewa [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Halaman istimewa</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medula_oblongata&oldid=25763647" title="Pranala permanen untuk revisi halaman ini"><span>Pranala permanen</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medula_oblongata&action=info" title="Informasi lanjut tentang halaman ini"><span>Informasi halaman</span></a></li><li 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mw-parser-output" lang="id" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r22657712">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:lemonchiffon"><i>Medula oblongata</i></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:1311_Brain_Stem.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/1311_Brain_Stem.jpg/300px-1311_Brain_Stem.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/1311_Brain_Stem.jpg/450px-1311_Brain_Stem.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/1311_Brain_Stem.jpg/600px-1311_Brain_Stem.jpg 2x" data-file-width="906" data-file-height="685" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Medulla oblongata <i>ungu</i>, bagian dari <a href="/wiki/Batang_otak" title="Batang otak">batang otak</a> <i>yang berwarna</i></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Gray694.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Gray694.png/300px-Gray694.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="241" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Gray694.png/450px-Gray694.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/94/Gray694.png 2x" data-file-width="487" data-file-height="392" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Bagian dari medula oblongata di sekitar tengah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Badan_olivari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Badan olivari (halaman belum tersedia)">badan olivari</a></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Rincian</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em">Bagian dari</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Batang_otak" title="Batang otak">Batang otak</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Pengidentifikasi</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Latin" title="Bahasa Latin">Bahasa Latin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Medulla oblongata, myelencephalon</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">MeSH</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D008526">D008526</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/NeuroNames" title="NeuroNames">NeuroNames</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=698">698</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/NeuroLex" title="NeuroLex">NeuroLex</a> ID</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.neurolex.org/wiki/birnlex_957">birnlex_957</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Terminologia_Anatomica" title="Terminologia Anatomica">TA98</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unifr.ch/ifaa/Public/EntryPage/TA98%20Tree/Entity%20TA98%20EN/14.1.03.003%20Entity%20TA98%20EN.htm">A14.1.03.003</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Terminologia_Anatomica" title="Terminologia Anatomica">TA2</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ta2viewer.openanatomy.org/?id=5983">5983</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Foundational_Model_of_Anatomy" title="Foundational Model of Anatomy">FMA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://xiphoid.biostr.washington.edu/fma/fmabrowser-hierarchy.html?fmaid=62004">62004</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><b><i><a href="/wiki/Daftar_istilah_neuroanatomi" title="Daftar istilah neuroanatomi">Daftar istilah neuroanatomi</a></i></b><div style="text-align: right;"><small class="noprint">[<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189033" class="extiw" title="d:Q189033">sunting di Wikidata</a>]</small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Medula oblongata</b> atau hanya <b>medula</b> adalah struktur seperti batang panjang yang membentuk bagian bawah batang otak.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> menurut prof. Helmi Clodio S.Kom sendiri Medula oblongata merupakan anterior dan sebagian inferior ke otak kecil. Medula oblongata tersusun dari massa neuron berbentuk kerucut yang bertanggung jawab untuk fungsi otonom (tidak disengaja), mulai dari muntah hingga bersin.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Medula oblongata berisi pusat jantung, pernapasan, muntah, dan vasomotor, dan karena itu berhubungan dengan fungsi otonom pernapasan, denyut jantung dan tekanan darah serta siklus bangun tidur. Selama perkembangan embrio, medula oblongata berkembang dari mielensefalon. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mielensefalon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mielensefalon (halaman belum tersedia)">Mielensefalon</a> adalah vesikel sekunder yang terbentuk selama pematangan rhombencephalon, juga disebut sebagai otak belakang. </p><p>Bulbus adalah istilah kuno untuk medula oblongata. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Anatomi">Anatomi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medula_oblongata&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bagian: Anatomi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medula_oblongata&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Anatomi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Medulla_oblongata_small.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/01/Medulla_oblongata_small.gif" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a><figcaption>Medulla oblongata (animasi)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Human_brainstem_anterior_view_description.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Human_brainstem_anterior_view_description.JPG/190px-Human_brainstem_anterior_view_description.JPG" decoding="async" width="190" height="266" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Human_brainstem_anterior_view_description.JPG/285px-Human_brainstem_anterior_view_description.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6e/Human_brainstem_anterior_view_description.JPG 2x" data-file-width="347" data-file-height="485" /></a><figcaption>Medulla dan bagiannya (10-16) - (10) piramida; (11) fisura median anterior; (15) adalah pleksus koroid di ventrikel keempat; (13) olive dan (7) pons</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Medulla_oblongata_and_foramen_magnum_animation_small.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Medulla_oblongata_and_foramen_magnum_animation_small.gif/125px-Medulla_oblongata_and_foramen_magnum_animation_small.gif" decoding="async" width="125" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Medulla_oblongata_and_foramen_magnum_animation_small.gif/188px-Medulla_oblongata_and_foramen_magnum_animation_small.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Medulla_oblongata_and_foramen_magnum_animation_small.gif/250px-Medulla_oblongata_and_foramen_magnum_animation_small.gif 2x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="320" /></a><figcaption>Medulla-animasi saat menonjol dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Foramen_magnum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Foramen magnum (halaman belum tersedia)">foramen magnum</a> dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dasar_tengkorak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dasar tengkorak (halaman belum tersedia)">dasar tengkorak</a>, setelah itu memunculkan <a href="/wiki/Sumsum_tulang_belakang" title="Sumsum tulang belakang">sumsum tulang belakang</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Medula dapat dianggap sebagai dua bagian: </p> <ul><li>Bagian atas <b>bagian terbuka</b> atau bagian superior di mana permukaan dorsal medula dibentuk oleh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ventrikel_keempat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ventrikel keempat (halaman belum tersedia)">ventrikel keempat</a>.</li> <li>Bagian bawah <b>bagian tertutup</b> atau bagian inferior di mana ventrikel keempat menyempit di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Obex&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Obex (halaman belum tersedia)">obex</a> di medula kaudal, dan mengelilingi bagian dari kanal pusat.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Permukaan_luar">Permukaan luar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medula_oblongata&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bagian: Permukaan luar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medula_oblongata&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Permukaan luar"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisura_median_anterior_medula_oblongata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fisura median anterior medula oblongata (halaman belum tersedia)">Fisura median anterior</a> berisi lipatan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pia_mater&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pia mater (halaman belum tersedia)">pia mater</a>, dan memanjang sepanjang medula oblongata. Ini berakhir di batas bawah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pons&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pons (halaman belum tersedia)">pons</a> di area segitiga kecil, disebut foramen sekum. Di kedua sisi celah ini terdapat area yang disebut <a href="/w/index.php?title=Piramida_meduler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Piramida meduler (halaman belum tersedia)">piramida meduler</a>. Piramida menampung <a href="/w/index.php?title=Traktus_piramidal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Traktus piramidal (halaman belum tersedia)">traktus piramidal</a>-kortikospinal dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Traktus_kortikobulbar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Traktus kortikobulbar (halaman belum tersedia)">traktus kortikobulbar</a> dari sistem saraf. Beberapa serat lain yang berasal dari fisura median anterior di atas piramida decussation dan berjalan secara lateral melintasi permukaan pons dikenal sebagai <a href="/w/index.php?title=Serat_arkuata_eksternal_anterior&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serat arkuata eksternal anterior (halaman belum tersedia)">serat arkuata eksternal anterior</a>. Daerah antara <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sulkus_anterolateral_medula&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sulkus anterolateral medula (halaman belum tersedia)">anterolateral</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sulkus_posterolateral_medulla_oblongata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sulkus posterolateral medulla oblongata (halaman belum tersedia)">sulkus posterolateral</a> di bagian atas medula ditandai dengan pembesaran yang dikenal sebagai <a href="/w/index.php?title=Badan_Olivary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Badan Olivary (halaman belum tersedia)">badan olivari</a>. aldini isebabkan oleh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nukleus_(neuroanatomi)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nukleus (neuroanatomi) (halaman belum tersedia)">nukleus</a> terbesar dari badan olivari, nyaitu ukleus olivari inferior. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Suplai_darah">Suplai darah</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medula_oblongata&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bagian: Suplai darah" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medula_oblongata&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Suplai darah"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Darah ke medula disuplai oleh sejumlah arteri.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arteri_spinalis_anterior&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arteri spinalis anterior (halaman belum tersedia)">Arteri spinalis anterior</a>: Berfungsi memasok seluruh bagian medial medula oblongata.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arteri_serebral_posterior&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arteri serebral posterior (halaman belum tersedia)">Arteri serebral posterior</a>: merupakan cabang utama dari arteri vertebralis, dan memasok bagian posterolateral medula, di mana saluran sensorik utama berjalan dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sinaps&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sinaps (halaman belum tersedia)">sinaps</a>. Serta memasok bagian dari <a href="/wiki/Otak_kecil" title="Otak kecil">otak kecil</a>.</li> <li>Cabang langsung dari <a href="/wiki/Arteri_vertebralis" title="Arteri vertebralis">arteri vertebralis</a>: Arteri vertebralis memasok area antara dua arteri utama lainnya, seperti <a href="/w/index.php?title=Inti_soliter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Inti soliter (halaman belum tersedia)">inti soliter</a> dan inti sensorik lainnya.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fungsi">Fungsi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medula_oblongata&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bagian: Fungsi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medula_oblongata&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Fungsi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Medula oblongata menghubungkan otak dan sumsum tulang belakang, juga bertanggung jawab untuk beberapa fungsi sistem saraf otonom yang meliputi: </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kontrol_ventilasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kontrol ventilasi (halaman belum tersedia)">Kontrol ventilasi</a> melalui sinyal dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Badan_karotis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Badan karotis (halaman belum tersedia)">karotid</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Badan_aorta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Badan aorta (halaman belum tersedia)">badan aorta</a>. <a href="/wiki/Respirasi_(fisiologi)" title="Respirasi (fisiologi)">Respirasi</a> diatur oleh kelompok <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kemoreseptor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kemoreseptor (halaman belum tersedia)">kemoreseptor</a>. Sensor ini mendeteksi perubahan keasaman darah. Jika misalnya darah menjadi terlalu asam, medula oblongata mengirimkan sinyal listrik ke jaringan otot <a href="/w/index.php?title=Otot_interkostal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Otot interkostal (halaman belum tersedia)">interkostal</a>dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Saraf_frenikus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saraf frenikus (halaman belum tersedia)">phrenical</a>untuk meningkatkan tingkat kontraksi dan meningkatkan oksigenasi dari <a href="/wiki/Darah" title="Darah">darah</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kelompok_pernapasan_ventral&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kelompok pernapasan ventral (halaman belum tersedia)">Kelompok pernapasan ventral</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kelompok_pernapasan_dorsal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kelompok pernapasan dorsal (halaman belum tersedia)">kelompok pernapasan dorsal</a> merupakan neuron yang terlibat dalam regulasi ini. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kompleks_pra-B%C3%B6tzinger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kompleks pra-Bötzinger (halaman belum tersedia)">Kompleks pra-Bötzinger</a> adalah sekelompok interneuron yang terlibat dalam fungsi pernapasan medula.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pusat_kardiovaskular&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pusat kardiovaskular (halaman belum tersedia)">Pusat kardiovaskular</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sistem_saraf_simpatis" title="Sistem saraf simpatis">sistem saraf simpatis</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Sistem_saraf_parasimpatis" title="Sistem saraf parasimpatis">parasimpatis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pusat_vasomotor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pusat vasomotor (halaman belum tersedia)">Pusat vasomotor</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Baroreseptor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baroreseptor (halaman belum tersedia)">baroreseptor</a></li> <li>Pusat refleks muntah, batuk, bersin, dan menelan. Refleks ini yang meliputi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Refleks_faring&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Refleks faring (halaman belum tersedia)">refleks faring</a>, refleks <a href="/wiki/Menelan" title="Menelan">menelan</a> (juga dikenal sebagai refleks palatal), dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Refleks_masseter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Refleks masseter (halaman belum tersedia)">refleks masseter</a>. Seluruh refleks tersebut dapat disebut refleks bulbar.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gambar_tambahan">Gambar tambahan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medula_oblongata&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Sunting bagian: Gambar tambahan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medula_oblongata&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Gambar tambahan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Cerebrum_lobes.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lobus"><img alt="Lobus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Cerebrum_lobes.svg/120px-Cerebrum_lobes.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Cerebrum_lobes.svg/180px-Cerebrum_lobes.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Cerebrum_lobes.svg/240px-Cerebrum_lobes.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1092" data-file-height="707" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Lobus</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Medulla_Oblongata_and_Cerebellum.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bagian melintang dari medula (berwarna merah) dan jaringan sekitarnya."><img alt="Bagian melintang dari medula (berwarna merah) dan jaringan sekitarnya." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Medulla_Oblongata_and_Cerebellum.svg/120px-Medulla_Oblongata_and_Cerebellum.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Medulla_Oblongata_and_Cerebellum.svg/180px-Medulla_Oblongata_and_Cerebellum.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Medulla_Oblongata_and_Cerebellum.svg/240px-Medulla_Oblongata_and_Cerebellum.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Bagian melintang dari medula (berwarna merah) dan jaringan sekitarnya.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Gray679.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Tampilan Anteroinferior dari medula oblongata dan pons."><img alt="Tampilan Anteroinferior dari medula oblongata dan pons." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Gray679.png/100px-Gray679.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Gray679.png/151px-Gray679.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Gray679.png/201px-Gray679.png 2x" data-file-width="335" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istilah_untuk_lokasi_anatomis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Istilah untuk lokasi anatomis (halaman belum tersedia)">Tampilan Anteroinferior</a> dari medula oblongata dan pons.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Gray724.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Dasar otak."><img alt="Dasar otak." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Gray724.png/120px-Gray724.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Gray724.png/180px-Gray724.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Gray724.png/240px-Gray724.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="588" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Dasar otak.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Gray768.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Diagram yang menunjukkan posisi subaraknoid utama."><img alt="Diagram yang menunjukkan posisi subaraknoid utama." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Gray768.png/120px-Gray768.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Gray768.png/180px-Gray768.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Gray768.png/240px-Gray768.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="408" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Diagram yang menunjukkan posisi subaraknoid utama.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Slide11ee.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Medulla oblongata"><img alt="Medulla oblongata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Slide11ee.JPG/120px-Slide11ee.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Slide11ee.JPG/180px-Slide11ee.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Slide11ee.JPG/240px-Slide11ee.JPG 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="720" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Medulla oblongata</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Medulla_oblongata_-_posterior_-_very_low_mag.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mikrograf bagian posterior bagian terbuka medula oblongata, menunjukkan ventrikel keempat (atas gambar) dan inti CN XII (medial) dan CN X (lateral). Pewarnaan H&E-LFB."><img alt="Mikrograf bagian posterior bagian terbuka medula oblongata, menunjukkan ventrikel keempat (atas gambar) dan inti CN XII (medial) dan CN X (lateral). Pewarnaan H&E-LFB." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Medulla_oblongata_-_posterior_-_very_low_mag.jpg/120px-Medulla_oblongata_-_posterior_-_very_low_mag.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Medulla_oblongata_-_posterior_-_very_low_mag.jpg/180px-Medulla_oblongata_-_posterior_-_very_low_mag.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Medulla_oblongata_-_posterior_-_very_low_mag.jpg/240px-Medulla_oblongata_-_posterior_-_very_low_mag.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4272" data-file-height="2848" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Mikrograf" title="Mikrograf">Mikrograf</a> bagian posterior <i>bagian terbuka</i> medula oblongata, menunjukkan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ventrikel_keempat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ventrikel keempat (halaman belum tersedia)">ventrikel keempat</a> (atas gambar) dan inti CN XII (medial) dan CN X (lateral). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pewarnaan_LFB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pewarnaan LFB (halaman belum tersedia)">Pewarnaan H&E-LFB</a>.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referensi">Referensi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medula_oblongata&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Sunting bagian: Referensi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medula_oblongata&action=edit&section=6" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Referensi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18833634">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFWebb2017" class="citation">Webb, Wanda G. (2017-01-01), Webb, Wanda G., ed., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780323100274000026">"2 - Organisasi Sistem Saraf I"</a>, <i>Neurology for the Speech-Language Pathologist (Edisi Keenam)</i>, Mosby, hlm. 13–43, <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fb978-0-323-10027-4.00002-6">10.1016/b978-0-323-10027-4.00002-6</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-323-10027-4" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-323-10027-4">978-0-323-10027-4</a><span class="reference-accessdate">, diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2020-11-15</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurology+for+the+Speech-Language+Pathologist+%28Edisi+Keenam%29&rft.atitle=2+-+Organisasi+Sistem+Saraf+I&rft.pages=13-43&rft.date=2017-01-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fb978-0-323-10027-4.00002-6&rft.isbn=978-0-323-10027-4&rft.aulast=Webb&rft.aufirst=Wanda+G.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FB9780323100274000026&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMedula+oblongata" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFWaldman2009" class="citation">Waldman, Steven D. (2009-01-01), Waldman, Steven D., ed., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9781416058939001209">"CHAPTER 120 - The Medulla Oblongata"</a>, <i>Ulasan Sakit</i> (dalam bahasa Inggris), Philadelphia: WB Saunders, hlm. 208, <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fb978-1-4160-5893-9.00120-9">10.1016/b978-1-4160-5893-9.00120-9</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-4160-5893-9" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-4160-5893-9">978-1-4160-5893-9</a><span class="reference-accessdate">, diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2020-11-15</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ulasan+Sakit&rft.atitle=CHAPTER+120+-+The+Medulla+Oblongata&rft.pages=208&rft.date=2009-01-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fb978-1-4160-5893-9.00120-9&rft.isbn=978-1-4160-5893-9&rft.aulast=Waldman&rft.aufirst=Steven+D.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FB9781416058939001209&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMedula+oblongata" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Purves, Dale (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK11042/"><i>Neuroscience. edisi ke-2</i></a>. Sinauer Associates.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Neuroscience.+edisi+ke-2.&rft.pub=Sinauer+Associates&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Purves&rft.aufirst=Dale&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fbooks%2FNBK11042%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMedula+oblongata" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Hughes, T. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1765635">"Neurologi gangguan menelan dan makan: Penilaian dan manajemen"</a>. <i>Jurnal Neurologi, Bedah Saraf & Psikiatri</i>. <b>74</b> (90003): 48iii–52. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1136%2Fjnnp.74.suppl_3.iii48">10.1136/jnnp.74.suppl_3.iii48</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1765635">1765635</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Dapat diakses gratis"><img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12933914">12933914</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Jurnal+Neurologi%2C+Bedah+Saraf+%26+Psikiatri&rft.atitle=Neurologi+gangguan+menelan+dan+makan%3A+Penilaian+dan+manajemen&rft.volume=74&rft.issue=90003&rft.pages=48iii-52&rft.date=2003&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1765635&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12933914&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1136%2Fjnnp.74.suppl_3.iii48&rft.aulast=Hughes&rft.aufirst=T.&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1765635&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMedula+oblongata" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://jnnp.bmj.com/content/74/suppl_3/iii48.full">[1]</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pranala_luar">Pranala luar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medula_oblongata&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Sunting bagian: Pranala luar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medula_oblongata&action=edit&section=7" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pranala luar"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23035139">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23782729">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Medulla_oblongata" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Medulla oblongata"><span style="">Medulla oblongata</span></a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=BrainMaps&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BrainMaps (halaman belum tersedia)">BrainMaps di UCDavis</a> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://brainmaps.org/index.php?q=medulla">medulla</a></i></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23782733">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="/wiki/Tulang_rusuk" title="Tulang rusuk">Tulang rusuk</a> (costae)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Tulang_punggung" title="Tulang punggung">Tulang punggung</a> (vertebra)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tulang_pinggul&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tulang pinggul (halaman belum tersedia)">Tulang pinggul</a> (pelvis)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Tulang_dada" title="Tulang dada">Tulang dada</a> (sternum)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jaringan" title="Jaringan">Jaringan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Jaringan_ikat" title="Jaringan ikat">Jaringan ikat</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Otot" title="Otot">Jaringan otot</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Jaringan_epitel" title="Jaringan epitel">Jaringan epitel</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Saraf" title="Saraf">Jaringan saraf</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Kelenjar" title="Kelenjar">Kelenjar</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kelenjar" title="Kelenjar">Kelenjar</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Kelenjar_payudara" class="mw-redirect" title="Kelenjar payudara">Kelenjar payudara</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Kelenjar_liur" title="Kelenjar liur">Kelenjar liur</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Kelenjar_tiroid" title="Kelenjar tiroid">Kelenjar tiroid</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Kelenjar_paratiroid" title="Kelenjar paratiroid">Kelenjar paratiroid</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Kelenjar_adrenal" title="Kelenjar adrenal">Kelenjar adrenal</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Kelenjar_pituitari" class="mw-redirect" title="Kelenjar pituitari">Kelenjar pituitari</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Kelenjar_pineal" title="Kelenjar pineal">Kelenjar pineal</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bagian tubuh</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Badan" class="mw-redirect" title="Badan">Badan</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Bokong" class="mw-redirect" title="Bokong">Bokong</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Dada" title="Dada">Dada</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Gigi" title="Gigi">Gigi</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Ketiak" title="Ketiak">Ketiak</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Kemaluan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kemaluan">Kemaluan</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Kepala" title="Kepala">Kepala</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Rambut" title="Rambut">Rambut</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Kulit" title="Kulit">Kulit</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Leher" title="Leher">Leher</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Lidah" title="Lidah">Lidah</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Mata" title="Mata">Mata</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Mulut" title="Mulut">Mulut</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Bibir" title="Bibir">Bibir</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Punggung" class="mw-redirect" title="Punggung">Punggung</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Sendi" title="Sendi">Sendi</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Telinga" title="Telinga">Telinga</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Tungkai" title="Tungkai">Tungkai</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Ubun-ubun" title="Ubun-ubun">Ubun-ubun</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Wajah" title="Wajah">Wajah</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Sikut" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikut">Sikut</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Tumit" title="Tumit">Tumit</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Pergelangan_tangan" title="Pergelangan tangan">Pergelangan tangan</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Pergelangan_kaki" title="Pergelangan kaki">Pergelangan kaki</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rambut" title="Rambut">Rambut</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Rambut_kepala" class="mw-redirect" title="Rambut kepala">Rambut kepala</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rambut_kaki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rambut kaki (halaman belum tersedia)">Rambut kaki</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rambut_tangan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rambut tangan (halaman belum tersedia)">Rambut tangan</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Rambut_mata" class="mw-redirect" title="Rambut mata">Rambut mata</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Rambut_kemaluan" title="Rambut kemaluan">Rambut kemaluan</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Rambut_ketiak" title="Rambut ketiak">Rambut ketiak</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Jenggot" class="mw-redirect" title="Jenggot">Jenggot</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Kumis" title="Kumis">Kumis</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Alis" class="mw-redirect" title="Alis">Alis</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rambut_badan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rambut badan (halaman belum tersedia)">Rambut badan</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Bulu_mata" title="Bulu mata">Bulu mata</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Istilah lainnya</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Arteri" class="mw-redirect" title="Arteri">Arteri</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Diafragma_(anatomi)" title="Diafragma (anatomi)">Diafragma</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Perineum" title="Perineum">Perineum</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Peritoneum" title="Peritoneum">Peritoneum</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Saraf" title="Saraf">Saraf</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Vena" class="mw-redirect" title="Vena">Vena</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Menurut subjek</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anatomi_perbandingan" title="Anatomi perbandingan">Anatomi perbandingan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatomi_manusia" title="Anatomi manusia">Anatomi manusia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anatomi_hewan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anatomi hewan (halaman belum tersedia)">Anatomi hewan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anatomi_ikan" title="Anatomi ikan">Anatomi ikan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatomi_burung" title="Anatomi burung">Anatomi burung</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anatomi_mamalia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anatomi mamalia (halaman belum tersedia)">Anatomi mamalia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anatomi_kucing" title="Anatomi kucing">Anatomi kucing</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatomi_tumbuhan" title="Anatomi tumbuhan">Anatomi tumbuhan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782733"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25847331"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Biologi" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#90EE90"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18590415"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Biologi_nav" title="Templat:Biologi nav"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/wiki/Pembicaraan_Templat:Biologi_nav" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Biologi nav"><abbr title="Diskusikan templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Biologi_nav&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Biologi" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Biologi" title="Biologi">Biologi</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background:#90EE90"><div> <ul><li>Pengantar (<a href="/wiki/Pengantar_genetika" title="Pengantar genetika">Genetika</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pengantar_evolusi" title="Pengantar evolusi">Evolusi</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garis_besar_biologi" title="Garis besar biologi">Garis besar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sejarah_biologi" title="Sejarah biologi">Sejarah</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Garis_waktu_biologi_dan_kimia_organik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Garis waktu biologi dan kimia organik (halaman belum tersedia)">Garis waktu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indeks_artikel_biologi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indeks artikel biologi (halaman belum tersedia)">Indeks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#90EE90;width:1%">Subdisiplin</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anatomi" title="Anatomi">Anatomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antropologi_biologis" title="Antropologi biologis">Antropologi biologis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrobiologi" title="Astrobiologi">Astrobiologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biofisika" title="Biofisika">Biofisika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biogeografi" title="Biogeografi">Biogeografi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bioinformatika" title="Bioinformatika">Bioinformatika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biokimia" title="Biokimia">Biokimia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biologi_evolusioner" title="Biologi evolusioner">Biologi evolusioner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biologi_kelautan" title="Biologi kelautan">Biologi kelautan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biologi_kimiawi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biologi kimiawi (halaman belum tersedia)">Biologi kimiawi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biologi_kognitif&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biologi kognitif (halaman belum tersedia)">Biologi kognitif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biologi_komputasi" title="Biologi komputasi">Biologi komputasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biologi_konservasi" title="Biologi konservasi">Biologi konservasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biologi_kuantum" title="Biologi kuantum">Biologi kuantum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biologi_manusia" title="Biologi manusia">Biologi manusia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biologi_matematikal_dan_teoretikal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biologi matematikal dan teoretikal (halaman belum tersedia)">Biologi matematikal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biologi_molekuler" title="Biologi molekuler">Biologi molekuler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biologi_perkembangan" title="Biologi perkembangan">Biologi perkembangan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biologi_perkembangan_evolusioner" title="Biologi perkembangan evolusioner">Biologi perkembangan evolusioner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biologi_sel" title="Biologi sel">Biologi sel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biologi_sintetis" title="Biologi sintetis">Biologi sintetis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biologi_sistem" title="Biologi sistem">Biologi sistem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biologi_struktur" title="Biologi struktur">Biologi struktur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biomekanika" title="Biomekanika">Biomekanika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biostatistika" title="Biostatistika">Biostatistika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botani" title="Botani">Botani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekologi" title="Ekologi">Ekologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epidemiologi" title="Epidemiologi">Epidemiologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epigenetika" title="Epigenetika">Epigenetika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farmakologi" title="Farmakologi">Farmakologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisiologi" title="Fisiologi">Fisiologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetika" title="Genetika">Genetika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genomika" title="Genomika">Genomika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Histologi" title="Histologi">Histologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imunologi" title="Imunologi">Imunologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimia_organik" title="Kimia organik">Kimia organik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kronobiologi" title="Kronobiologi">Kronobiologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lipidologi" title="Lipidologi">Lipidologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikologi" title="Mikologi">Mikologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikrobiologi" title="Mikrobiologi">Mikrobiologi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mikrobiologi_seluler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mikrobiologi seluler (halaman belum tersedia)">Mikrobiologi seluler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanobioteknologi" title="Nanobioteknologi">Nanobioteknologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilmu_saraf" title="Ilmu saraf">Neurosains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nutrisi" title="Nutrisi">Nutrisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleontologi" title="Paleontologi">Paleontologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parasitologi" title="Parasitologi">Parasitologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patologi" title="Patologi">Patologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psikologi" title="Psikologi">Psikologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sosiobiologi" title="Sosiobiologi">Sosiobiologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sistematika" title="Sistematika">Sistematika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toksikologi" title="Toksikologi">Toksikologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virologi" title="Virologi">Virologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoologi" title="Zoologi">Zoologi</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Tree_of_life_by_Haeckel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Tree_of_life_by_Haeckel.jpg/140px-Tree_of_life_by_Haeckel.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Tree_of_life_by_Haeckel.jpg/210px-Tree_of_life_by_Haeckel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Tree_of_life_by_Haeckel.jpg/280px-Tree_of_life_by_Haeckel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1804" data-file-height="2856" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#90EE90;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Organisasi_biologis" title="Organisasi biologis">Hierarki kehidupan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biosfer" title="Biosfer">Biosfer</a> >  <a href="/wiki/Ekosistem" title="Ekosistem">Ekosistem</a> > <a href="/wiki/Komunitas_(ekologi)" title="Komunitas (ekologi)">Komunitas</a> > <a href="/wiki/Populasi_(biologi)" title="Populasi (biologi)">Populasi</a> >  <a href="/wiki/Organisme" class="mw-redirect" title="Organisme">Organisme</a> > <a href="/wiki/Sistem_organ" title="Sistem organ">Sistem organ</a> > <a href="/wiki/Organ_(anatomi)" title="Organ (anatomi)">Organ</a> > <a href="/wiki/Jaringan" title="Jaringan">Jaringan</a> > <a href="/wiki/Sel_(biologi)" title="Sel (biologi)">Sel</a> > <a href="/wiki/Organel" title="Organel">Organel</a> > <a href="/wiki/Molekul" title="Molekul">Molekul</a> (<a href="/wiki/Makromolekul" title="Makromolekul">Makromolekul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biomolekul" title="Biomolekul">Biomolekul</a>) > <a href="/wiki/Atom" title="Atom">Atom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#90EE90;width:1%">Fondasi</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ekologi" title="Ekologi">Ekologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolusi" title="Evolusi">Evolusi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetika" title="Genetika">Genetika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeostasis" title="Homeostasis">Homeostasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taksonomi_(biologi)" title="Taksonomi (biologi)">Taksonomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teori_sel" title="Teori sel">Teori sel</a></li> <li>Transformasi <a href="/wiki/Energi" title="Energi">energi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#90EE90;width:1%">Prinsip</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Evolusi" title="Evolusi">Evolusi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adaptasi" title="Adaptasi">Adaptasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aliran_gen" title="Aliran gen">Aliran gen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bentuk_kehidupan_paling_awal_yang_diketahui" title="Bentuk kehidupan paling awal yang diketahui">Bentuk kehidupan paling awal yang diketahui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fungsi_(biologi)" title="Fungsi (biologi)">Fungsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanyutan_genetik" title="Hanyutan genetik">Hanyutan genetik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makroevolusi" title="Makroevolusi">Makroevolusi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikroevolusi" title="Mikroevolusi">Mikroevolusi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutasi" title="Mutasi">Mutasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seleksi_alam" title="Seleksi alam">Seleksi alam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spesiasi" title="Spesiasi">Spesiasi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ekologi" title="Ekologi">Ekologi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ekologi_populasi" title="Ekologi populasi">Dinamika populasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekosistem" title="Ekosistem">Ekosistem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habitat" title="Habitat">Habitat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interaksi_biologis" title="Interaksi biologis">Interaksi biologis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keanekaragaman_hayati" title="Keanekaragaman hayati">Keanekaragaman hayati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komunitas_(ekologi)" title="Komunitas (ekologi)">Komunitas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relung_(ekologi)" class="mw-redirect" title="Relung (ekologi)">Relung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumber_daya_(biologi)" title="Sumber daya (biologi)">Sumber daya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Biologi_molekuler" title="Biologi molekuler">Biologi<br />molekuler</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biologi_perkembangan" title="Biologi perkembangan">Biologi perkembangan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epigenetika" title="Epigenetika">Epigenetika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meiosis" title="Meiosis">Meiosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitosis" title="Mitosis">Mitosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modifikasi_pascatranskripsi" title="Modifikasi pascatranskripsi">Modifikasi pascatranskripsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persinyalan_sel" title="Persinyalan sel">Persinyalan sel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regulasi_gen" title="Regulasi gen">Regulasi gen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Biokimia" title="Biokimia">Biokimia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asam_nukleat" title="Asam nukleat">Asam nukleat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enzim" title="Enzim">Enzim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fotosintesis" title="Fotosintesis">Fotosintesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karbohidrat" title="Karbohidrat">Karbohidrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lipid" class="mw-redirect" title="Lipid">Lipid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metabolisme" title="Metabolisme">Metabolisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">Protein</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background:#90EE90"><div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="Portal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biologi" title="Portal:Biologi">Portal</a></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Symbol_category_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Category"><img alt="Category" 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