CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9135d43ddfa8cddd',cH: 'RMukM3b72q3pTCRkBXt7FtjmJKilntl0jXTuXQ1i.GI-1739795849-1.2.1.1-_aCT57zKYiikg_TypE.95n5s64aBY27rBwn3pDkf0UCEEOsthaP.Hqw.Dq7IKBjj',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=reservoir%20sands&page=6&__cf_chl_tk=3Me8UDZCLnRi2xd1lEWJKWvodTP05m1m7OMmPvXCJrg-1739795849-1.0.1.1-iyIAxwg05WIJuxVndj1LQSBxNLsiyzaR2UJ3I5H3hNE",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739795849',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=reservoir%20sands&page=6&__cf_chl_f_tk=3Me8UDZCLnRi2xd1lEWJKWvodTP05m1m7OMmPvXCJrg-1739795849-1.0.1.1-iyIAxwg05WIJuxVndj1LQSBxNLsiyzaR2UJ3I5H3hNE",md: "eNjeNEmC16zKT1KDbtOfgmFAb4KUwCwZfsp6gluwTUg-1739795849-1.2.1.1-2QxkbQO7S1.rhtmcAC8QWlJ.Y5P3oPXGG76157s5MmfPt6XuYJbeVHSIblTLivQDrigojLuXSkFrrQ3qwuE10HKEBs6JQqIWlnYeJ76yrQG7absm7ZmJgPQGUjSbPhb82QCTKTJYFgdrz4Qrk3J1TDoocMBEPmJB2FrianM1_w39szuUOPbjA5phQuJXhLIGMzSTTbHpaeQVvzjnpp18XQ1liUY.vEbhh1unATbiJvOez74kFOeAqu1Gbfid9MG9zMG8.VDr.O.E_E0Y9q9MLUXiIUVGGf5m.QFHhV4jUy9Ct1AF79eYnyjB2k1PJH.S19wNtUuy4HbikmaFQYf3quB1YBRV.6d5WEXwdW.M2uSADTx.DVZVz9y.mKPuLNzyYpuhbMnPH86UkgbdnT7h5xiXXBCMNk8djlGICyR_11yQy9bdfhradTJH015MDBCwQJvYcREG5uDC0o5Vhr6WOpErJ5YogukvnYvd2f_qYayJkrh1Rfj4DvPr9jutoiHuQcdKoodQCGC3F4hpiFa48EAVtKIFJBz2BY0EQfHEuMgoT3ajuo.VgEHxJB_1IlnLL61yfB0lDdQRVh1BXY4LMPAsLwszN_LhL8LjpgB8RhTJWsl2jNT4dxsZHSahoj53NeKCJtr5xzwrkT9_._BXnUoF3F5gl7.TXvvqfRUg9_6PItDyic1H3UbCOk7vfMcIl9siq_2ItEQHc3wvTTZW3EJ4qFlrIb0xPnYk1RxqY4mjnMo81ARmLbfZrJwmzEy6igdzuJ_kdLsFagwvvXHjN1rLRjnFHmSYI85PijdcFtkqX7osvwMXbZxCjDdtyK5t81hBAFcy2avxWwIk84.G82G4dG_15vpJM7h8sN7EF7M6A7DcIHFujvTksD0GVZG0pvWkJW7HYq1sYDUX2VzGOrMgm0JjLvcgcXSM0l63ASCTkGaWsQsLHeQmPFzIXJBmSSrY0q8b0Tn1WK_dJqFbGE7qh3NVq0jxtAZn7y6IHrHP6pQtZDTVONW6QzuTEv24nrnDxGgFDaLo7eEOklJonnprbUkO9pb6VcOZKDhIVCXUtNSDHvQwiMbJdz.VmDjIha7_WQYEQk8kpRHs10fgpkuA4NoPfmkGo2rLsTd9xWkFGBkiWbMsTZUyupd.gWA_rxwFluMm5Pvo4gobS.a2IOlWLMkg30rseCGrV3Yf68Vk1.OEKXgLDe5MlumK.QawtdYU9qjcalEF8QRbq2GjI1_jqN5CStE.S8vrBzirLYVQwmexot3lPEgtQ3yTwBg5kRF4FwtXAeTT8T4YgMVioC2eFEotPIXlzspPlb8klWzWwueHsX6hGwXDK3xdaqlgN7Vh1b08uOTFUfVNPCptvVaV_FTtKkb43IgVPypTVf4vkuRX07NCcYk.3RPZ_NA8ecQWSVtV9vXAMg89w20CSei6SIPUree.7wfjbX.ZBTm_IaviYny.RgkGuu7t_BW5Hzkkz8V.P_k.Y2pm0r4K.QEvZs_rjCXAfhjWR9BHdg5QadNmLfzGC_A9bOBSKHcM1dcdVihDPoZDY91HyBBgcrZ9ndzhJIUDUOUdL8BHa2gQw4EUjTiiaO_KW3QC8trmDx7Rziy.XA8C28fxAk.4tTaPhwUX49LO9lGOe8nC8v2Qom23xzQHvOo7bg.lg5Vzc10QOWP6ZuIcCAOP_SoKcjMw4jMZquZbFm3MPv5ZRSqjX_NcgV22iSSMGRRJ5BG6jyzu3FonRHbyNWM8_k.oj9BLbh8E5p9pVrX81pge1tnem8bIbmptQSGyqSH8tmOYzMLi3a.HsRUYqVoBpFnZeU1sYEWMwF8XCbcnFzZrnkEU3R9YSssatWwBJgmsluDNo_Y_oiNUG5nSoH4buQ45.pDdsdJRTqoEUmzzzRE1YRYJ_ODEu8tPcdCj0GrbJYlf7mL2RqkdEr3WnaOZ7KEez31SgUNMIUwdzH.Rc2iYgfIUQirzSrHAYjVH4.LDSf4r",mdrd: "p.Ss_dsN03ZRrrRhAgEB19B_ZtrsgLcXWBJlaRHVtSE-1739795849-1.2.1.1-E_AQ.JIBN0tjeBUABPdzlYZ3s9i.BCqv3zavEO4LtV36P.tR.0UcZOOUd2AyMU1OKAai_I9i45l.0ZvW78bY38orpBkoQjrvUh.Wjvni_pn9y7pef0M7.Gn.Rue8nrvZq.SZPED2GqsMmLX86gbCcmf.3qHYcAPCFyVanY_FgTHL_x9C86ErGiDWZ_Il_8Quoqy..vC.ye63_siTBrgxcSXkJHZzZr0.esXkaOoFVeXotqr8wCIfgeNTTG5rh.doQqTPp3otWHMMnz2ktRgdMVMnFQt7bzH3Tucp73kbnrNMatHGJoVCxtZrl98DnnqDbGtfbspWRvf7DeIPlxgmZ_FtkzPx7RotteMNHCDOnLTavgblgDE50qxk_CKKnkV5KJyNPOhHNcvJOLiL.2yt1s_69.Vw9jcG_vrUm_woFHRZ8YZg36rgl4khXBMc3pjQf8ZJw5_T8N7dfAz7woHJ9E6Jw3eN2KpOfijGUxK0HmXtwRe57.pe6d7AK_OLYb4YUu8pxR_sDl9.Cl2dDjgdW9a4ycZcW3hxhrXQd8lQ.5wnMiJpCPt.lYNp.2EHNsbkU8Jmry1C_SDhPd9hKXcAXtcgr8bOAhskE9bB0yK81LC5snD76mOofTQu65Vee3YLcgMJfInM5FrUQqXuEXSZmrIaXAlCEhqaMmC2My0SLupPSLYbhDcxuIx29A9oObCT.2a5yG2aHnXQCq2xrR6jnIUqo7S3NCYlmwika6gHRfp579lyyKYgnsDDnp7PgYlt8tmHp9RmINDrFMpeVUPeIBm33QgJECgMCuc02slvYBYbAgmsp.p8GJERom.GcStiCO9o52ZgcTw7YgtSCDjG7UKZ6V8M8NNhaxa7xk3llpJe0hYs7ckCr7dn81YtwnQtDiO4Ye2uzZI7nGw4A8DYdxQPQ6Z6Kho9e_GKeHLjxj5h8stFqnKXcHlN3_MEM_6lWe3MqFU0iTq5gRptBeXEIyPrkLPl.WJyEer4CNxvGsSr6tS0_LIEyNUFc3.xSJx_zaZBN7_Vo7bAySKoNSIvxso2Wlf1VGv7NnlIJVU2DhQKv86uQRjSvXTAcqVuJrSA_mLy610JEEVVhkqFC8NO1hPTrCPKpe04GQ2.jrFaNERQat2OcNwW1mdPipe272Ix.7REqw3M48NdIqjwNI8MG1pmsCo.7mb05iAqHgoAAhLJfiEhZ1cKPlPbXTCXzw_7kU1jIhAHmkOAJnvg88khgTcz1Z2J6H6ym7Of7l1SWnN__CHwbJ8PpaM2BE3lQgR4TAOGDajH1nHl9Hkt1iFmQV1SHpUon702OkS9RcOATu8drRca4cn584x6BeU.URyDD38lF17NlopQb_1D8WjlKPXDW6SJi5kTXEkH6cT2YEFR_u8.GX4.0XdtDXW85fEuM13zjk7lXfaVLMlzMgrTksLc0wVvhHRotjn7EuBtDjiDI2.QyQROruISJP_ql2.wMQUQLB3jSZASP8WrmeLHOYoHR.PCdOmPwn5LzrPOqQNmHE61a4BnvL1L7FbWUKuKCejOZFt2EZAZ0flLmHTHh5942TSuMbXD6TSj_8Som8C4BnPPpcHLaTOdldGoAYa_IDHFXtmb1CVS6gJwNbMLDTJdMlc4AJ5lvcn8gsCfBXp8lNEB3lMIz1aaL9ZXOLxowk4NNAHdjkYOBxiKNSSO__bNPPRzdPh31HSajpSnPQrsL8Wz60YajK5qTD3logYZPUAJVIjv3BnDjtrd8ulLfvqQgcYaC.0sbzb_WiiGwn6AdHjG.rIoEl_mMWRe82A1godXnCy88xuvy.Xy0vac650uhQUcneFr0b3AY3Kgu5HBVxR6bLLT6CMJY17KYlwcM5FClb46TRnd.OtdyA1v0d9.PHxbJ9wkRKE3r_wmDNwH60PFvQsxCh5Lt_CEOsgJPG_YwQcHGlETlJlgvCL7VPpPoNIC7xVfP7HIRV2IwFqUg6UeW_AeloR6PEcYYm13"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9135d43ddfa8cddd';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=reservoir%20sands&page=6&__cf_chl_rt_tk=3Me8UDZCLnRi2xd1lEWJKWvodTP05m1m7OMmPvXCJrg-1739795849-1.0.1.1-iyIAxwg05WIJuxVndj1LQSBxNLsiyzaR2UJ3I5H3hNE" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>