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class="mw-page-title-main">ROUGE (metric)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/ROUGE_(m%C3%A8trica)" title="ROUGE (mètrica) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="ROUGE (mètrica)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/ROUGE_(m%C3%A9trica)" title="ROUGE (métrica) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="ROUGE (métrica)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AC" title="معیار ارزیابی روج – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="معیار ارزیابی روج" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" 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accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Metric used for testing NLP models</div> <p><b>ROUGE</b>, or <b>Recall-Oriented Understudy for Gisting Evaluation</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a set of metrics and a software package used for evaluating <a href="/wiki/Automatic_summarization" title="Automatic summarization">automatic summarization</a> and <a href="/wiki/Machine_translation" title="Machine translation">machine translation</a> software in <a href="/wiki/Natural_language_processing" title="Natural language processing">natural language processing</a>. The metrics compare an automatically produced summary or translation against a reference or a set of references (human-produced) summary or translation. ROUGE metrics range between 0 and 1, with higher scores indicating higher similarity between the automatically produced summary and the reference. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Metrics">Metrics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ROUGE_(metric)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Metrics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following five evaluation metrics are available. </p> <ul><li>ROUGE-N: Overlap of <a href="/wiki/N-gram" title="N-gram">n-grams</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> between the system and reference summaries. <ul><li>ROUGE-1 refers to the overlap of <i><b>unigrams</b></i> <i>(each word)</i> between the system and reference summaries.</li> <li>ROUGE-2 refers to the overlap of <i><b>bigrams</b></i> between the system and reference summaries.</li></ul></li> <li>ROUGE-L: Longest Common Subsequence (LCS)<sup id="cite_ref-lin-acl-2004_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lin-acl-2004-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> based statistics. <a href="/wiki/Longest_common_subsequence_problem" class="mw-redirect" title="Longest common subsequence problem">Longest common subsequence problem</a> takes into account sentence-level structure similarity naturally and identifies longest co-occurring in sequence n-grams automatically.</li> <li>ROUGE-W: Weighted LCS-based statistics that favors consecutive LCSes.</li> <li>ROUGE-S: Skip-<a href="/wiki/Bigram" title="Bigram">bigram</a><sup id="cite_ref-lin-acl-2004_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lin-acl-2004-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> based co-occurrence statistics. Skip-bigram is any pair of words in their sentence order.</li> <li>ROUGE-SU: Skip-bigram plus unigram-based co-occurrence statistics.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ROUGE_(metric)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BLEU" title="BLEU">BLEU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F1_score" class="mw-redirect" title="F1 score">F-Measure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/METEOR" title="METEOR">METEOR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NIST_(metric)" title="NIST (metric)">NIST (metric)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phrase_chunking" title="Phrase chunking">Noun-phrase chunking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Word_error_rate" title="Word error rate">Word error rate (WER)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ROUGE_(metric)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W/W04/W04-1013.pdf">Lin, Chin-Yew. 2004. ROUGE: a Package for Automatic Evaluation of Summaries. In Proceedings of the Workshop on Text Summarization Branches Out (WAS 2004), Barcelona, Spain, July 25 - 26, 2004.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aclweb.org/anthology/N/N03/N03-1020.pdf">Lin, Chin-Yew and E.H. Hovy 2003. Automatic Evaluation of Summaries Using N-gram Co-occurrence Statistics. In Proceedings of 2003 Language Technology Conference (HLT-NAACL 2003), Edmonton, Canada, May 27 - June 1, 2003.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lin-acl-2004-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lin-acl-2004_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lin-acl-2004_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aclweb.org/anthology/P/P04/P04-1077.pdf">Lin, Chin-Yew and Franz Josef Och. 2004. Automatic Evaluation of Machine Translation Quality Using Longest Common Subsequence and Skip-Bigram Statistics. In Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL 2004), Barcelona, Spain, July 21 - 26, 2004.</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ROUGE_(metric)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kavita-ganesan.com/rouge-howto">ROUGE Usage Tutorial</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/RxNLP/ROUGE-2.0">Java Implementation of ROUGE</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ROUGE_(metric)&oldid=1187242316">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ROUGE_(metric)&oldid=1187242316</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Machine_translation" title="Category:Machine translation">Machine translation</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Computational_linguistics" title="Category:Computational linguistics">Computational linguistics</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Natural_language_processing_software" title="Category:Natural language processing software">Natural language processing software</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Data_mining" title="Category:Data mining">Data mining</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 28 November 2023, at 01:53<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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