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class="stat-container"><p class="label"><span class="js-profile-total-view-text">Public Views</span></p><p class="data"><span class="js-profile-view-count"></span></p></div></span></div><div class="ri-section"><div class="ri-section-header"><span>Interests</span></div><div class="ri-tags-container"><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="31212630" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Population_Biology"><div id="js-react-on-rails-context" style="display:none" data-rails-context="{"inMailer":false,"i18nLocale":"en","i18nDefaultLocale":"en","href":"https://independent.academia.edu/HammondConstance","location":"/HammondConstance","scheme":"https","host":"independent.academia.edu","port":null,"pathname":"/HammondConstance","search":null,"httpAcceptLanguage":null,"serverSide":false}"></div> <div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Population 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class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/104403812/Excitatory_effect_of_iontophoretically_applied_dopamine_on_identified_neurons_of_the_rat_subthalamic_nucleus"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Excitatory effect of iontophoretically applied dopamine on identified neurons of the rat subthalamic nucleus" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/104143464/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/104403812/Excitatory_effect_of_iontophoretically_applied_dopamine_on_identified_neurons_of_the_rat_subthalamic_nucleus">Excitatory effect of iontophoretically applied dopamine on identified neurons of the rat subthalamic nucleus</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Brain Research</span><span>, 1986</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="4fe057eb1db27086d95b825ea476e88b" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":104143464,"asset_id":104403812,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/104143464/download_file?st=MTczMzA1NjY2OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="104403812"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div 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class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/96240245/Community_Page_Creative_Research_Science_Experiences_for_High_School_Students">Community Page Creative Research Science Experiences for High School Students</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The influence of scientific discoveries on daily life has never been greater, yet the percentage ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The influence of scientific discoveries on daily life has never been greater, yet the percentage of students pursuing careers in science and technology has dropped dramatically in the Western World [1,2]. Student disenchantment begins even before high school, where students must typically memorize scientific facts and occasionally perform experiments following concepts with little relevance to daily life [3–5]. French high school students, as in other countries, opt out of scientific tracks in the 6th and 7th grades, often selecting scientific courses simply to increase their chances of being accepted at prestigious universities [6]. This passive teaching style squanders children’s intrinsic curiosity, imagination, creativity, and fascination with the natural world and forces universities to invest enormous sums in an effort to recover from these lost opportunities [7–9]. Offering high school students the means to explore the world the way working scientists do can rekindle their in...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="96240245"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="96240245"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 96240245; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=96240245]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=96240245]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 96240245; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='96240245']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 96240245, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=96240245]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":96240245,"title":"Community Page Creative Research Science Experiences for High School Students","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The influence of scientific discoveries on daily life has never been greater, yet the percentage of students pursuing careers in science and technology has dropped dramatically in the Western World [1,2]. Student disenchantment begins even before high school, where students must typically memorize scientific facts and occasionally perform experiments following concepts with little relevance to daily life [3–5]. French high school students, as in other countries, opt out of scientific tracks in the 6th and 7th grades, often selecting scientific courses simply to increase their chances of being accepted at prestigious universities [6]. This passive teaching style squanders children’s intrinsic curiosity, imagination, creativity, and fascination with the natural world and forces universities to invest enormous sums in an effort to recover from these lost opportunities [7–9]. 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This passive teaching style squanders children’s intrinsic curiosity, imagination, creativity, and fascination with the natural world and forces universities to invest enormous sums in an effort to recover from these lost opportunities [7–9]. Offering high school students the means to explore the world the way working scientists do can rekindle their in...","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/96240245/Community_Page_Creative_Research_Science_Experiences_for_High_School_Students","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-02-03T08:32:26.544-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":31212630,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Community_Page_Creative_Research_Science_Experiences_for_High_School_Students","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":31212630,"first_name":"Constance","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Hammond","page_name":"HammondConstance","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2015-05-17T06:24:01.696-07:00","display_name":"Constance Hammond","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HammondConstance"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[],"urls":[{"id":28656475,"url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.351.1019\u0026rep=rep1\u0026type=pdf"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="96240243"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/96240243/Edited_by"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Edited by" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/96240243/Edited_by">Edited by</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">doi: 10.3389/fnsys.2011.00043 The subthalamic nucleus becomes a generator of bursts in the dopami...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">doi: 10.3389/fnsys.2011.00043 The subthalamic nucleus becomes a generator of bursts in the dopamine-depleted state. Its high frequency stimulation dramatically weakens transmission to the globus pallidus</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="96240243"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="96240243"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 96240243; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=96240243]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=96240243]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 96240243; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='96240243']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 96240243, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=96240243]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":96240243,"title":"Edited by","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"doi: 10.3389/fnsys.2011.00043 The subthalamic nucleus becomes a generator of bursts in the dopamine-depleted state. 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Its high frequency stimulation dramatically weakens transmission to the globus pallidus","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/96240243/Edited_by","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-02-03T08:32:26.421-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":31212630,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Edited_by","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":31212630,"first_name":"Constance","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Hammond","page_name":"HammondConstance","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2015-05-17T06:24:01.696-07:00","display_name":"Constance Hammond","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HammondConstance"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[],"urls":[{"id":28656474,"url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.290.5726\u0026rep=rep1\u0026type=pdf"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="96240242"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/96240242/Neurotransmitter_Induced_Regulation_of_Voltage_Dependent_Calcium_Current_in_Identified_Snail_Neurons"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Neurotransmitter-Induced Regulation of Voltage-Dependent Calcium Current in Identified Snail Neurons" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/96240242/Neurotransmitter_Induced_Regulation_of_Voltage_Dependent_Calcium_Current_in_Identified_Snail_Neurons">Neurotransmitter-Induced Regulation of Voltage-Dependent Calcium Current in Identified Snail Neurons</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Modulation of Synaptic Transmission and Plasticity in Nervous Systems</span><span>, 1988</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Recent studies using the methods of molecular biology and the patch clamp techniques have deeply ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Recent studies using the methods of molecular biology and the patch clamp techniques have deeply modified our wiew of the mechanism of action of neurotransmitters in ionic channels. Accordingly, the relationship between neurotransmitter receptors and ionic channels appear now to be of three main classes: 1. The neurotransmitter receptor and the ionic channel gated by it are parts of an unique protein molecule. The receptor site activation by the neurotransmitter induces a conformational change in this protein molecule that results in the opening of the ionic channel. Exemples of this model are the nicotinic cholinergic receptor of vertebrate neuromuscular junctions and fish electroplaques (see Changeux et al., 1984; Noda et al., 1984) and both the GABA (Schofield et al., 1987) and glycine (Grenningoh et al., 1987) receptors of vertebrate central nervous system synapses (see also, Barnard et al., 1987). 2. The neurotransmitter receptor and the ionic channel gated by it are different and separate protein molecules. The functional coupling between them is mediated by an heterotrimer GTP-binding protein (G protein). The muscarinic receptor of the vertebrate atrial muscle fibres intervening in the vagal inhibition of the heart beating is an exemple of this model.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="96240242"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="96240242"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 96240242; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=96240242]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=96240242]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 96240242; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='96240242']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 96240242, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=96240242]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":96240242,"title":"Neurotransmitter-Induced Regulation of Voltage-Dependent Calcium Current in Identified Snail Neurons","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Recent studies using the methods of molecular biology and the patch clamp techniques have deeply modified our wiew of the mechanism of action of neurotransmitters in ionic channels. Accordingly, the relationship between neurotransmitter receptors and ionic channels appear now to be of three main classes: 1. The neurotransmitter receptor and the ionic channel gated by it are parts of an unique protein molecule. The receptor site activation by the neurotransmitter induces a conformational change in this protein molecule that results in the opening of the ionic channel. Exemples of this model are the nicotinic cholinergic receptor of vertebrate neuromuscular junctions and fish electroplaques (see Changeux et al., 1984; Noda et al., 1984) and both the GABA (Schofield et al., 1987) and glycine (Grenningoh et al., 1987) receptors of vertebrate central nervous system synapses (see also, Barnard et al., 1987). 2. The neurotransmitter receptor and the ionic channel gated by it are different and separate protein molecules. The functional coupling between them is mediated by an heterotrimer GTP-binding protein (G protein). The muscarinic receptor of the vertebrate atrial muscle fibres intervening in the vagal inhibition of the heart beating is an exemple of this model.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":1988,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Modulation of Synaptic Transmission and Plasticity in Nervous Systems"},"translated_abstract":"Recent studies using the methods of molecular biology and the patch clamp techniques have deeply modified our wiew of the mechanism of action of neurotransmitters in ionic channels. Accordingly, the relationship between neurotransmitter receptors and ionic channels appear now to be of three main classes: 1. The neurotransmitter receptor and the ionic channel gated by it are parts of an unique protein molecule. The receptor site activation by the neurotransmitter induces a conformational change in this protein molecule that results in the opening of the ionic channel. Exemples of this model are the nicotinic cholinergic receptor of vertebrate neuromuscular junctions and fish electroplaques (see Changeux et al., 1984; Noda et al., 1984) and both the GABA (Schofield et al., 1987) and glycine (Grenningoh et al., 1987) receptors of vertebrate central nervous system synapses (see also, Barnard et al., 1987). 2. The neurotransmitter receptor and the ionic channel gated by it are different and separate protein molecules. The functional coupling between them is mediated by an heterotrimer GTP-binding protein (G protein). The muscarinic receptor of the vertebrate atrial muscle fibres intervening in the vagal inhibition of the heart beating is an exemple of this model.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/96240242/Neurotransmitter_Induced_Regulation_of_Voltage_Dependent_Calcium_Current_in_Identified_Snail_Neurons","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-02-03T08:32:26.323-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":31212630,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Neurotransmitter_Induced_Regulation_of_Voltage_Dependent_Calcium_Current_in_Identified_Snail_Neurons","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":31212630,"first_name":"Constance","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Hammond","page_name":"HammondConstance","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2015-05-17T06:24:01.696-07:00","display_name":"Constance Hammond","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HammondConstance"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":502,"name":"Biophysics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biophysics"},{"id":523,"name":"Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry"},{"id":396979,"name":"Glycine receptor","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Glycine_receptor"},{"id":555007,"name":"Receptor","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Receptor"},{"id":780543,"name":"G protein","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/G_protein"},{"id":1153386,"name":"Neurotransmitter","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurotransmitter"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); 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Cerebrovascular diseases (CVDs), which account for 55% of all neurological diseases, are the leading cause of permanent disability, cognitive and motor disorders and dementia. Stroke affects the function and structure of blood-brain barrier, the loss of cerebral blood flow regulation, oxidative stress, inflammation and the loss of neural connections. Currently, no gold standard treatments are available outside the acute therapeutic window to improve outcome in stroke patients. Some promising candidate targets have been identified for the improvement of longterm recovery after stroke, such as Rho GTPases, cell adhesion proteins, kinases, and phosphatases. Previous studies by our lab indicated that Rho GTPases (Rac and RhoA) are involved in both tissue damage and survival, as these proteins are essential for the morphology and movement of neurons, astrocytes and endothelial cells, thus playing a critical role in the balance between cell survival and death. Treatment with a pharmacological inhibitor of RhoA/ROCK blocks the activation of the neurodegeneration cascade. In addition, Rac and synaptic adhesion proteins (p120 catenin and N-catenin) play critical roles in protection against cerebral infarction and in recovery by supporting the neurovascular unit and cytoskeletal remodeling activity to maintain the integrity of the brain parenchyma. Interestingly, neuroprotective agents, such as atorvastatin, and CDK5 silencing after cerebral ischemia and in a glutamate-induced excitotoxicity model may act on the same cellular effectors to recover neurovascular unit integrity. Therefore, future efforts must focus on individually targeting the structural and functional roles of each effector of neurovascular unit and the interactions in neural and non-neural cells in the post-ischemic brain and address how to promote the recovery or prevent the loss of homeostasis in the short, medium and long term.","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":98194190},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/96240241/Cellular_and_Molecular_Neurobiology","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-02-03T08:32:26.232-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":31212630,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":98194190,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/98194190/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"download.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/98194190/download_file?st=MTczMzA1NjY2OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Cellular_and_Molecular_Neurobiology.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/98194190/download-libre.pdf?1675442750=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DCellular_and_Molecular_Neurobiology.pdf\u0026Expires=1733060269\u0026Signature=V9QdCTkt40Qa2FkdN2HxyMWBPO9yCDNzN1oT0oMnmtTPHdUFYDyQpJUp2uq3r8PAPeXymFO6INbRIs6UI8nIdODiCBBabMKMJVC8wFqO~2TT6vPZpjSJr26wIli0Vb6MCyZz7UvAZp7R3NBdspN0qFeYrhDzD9FBPMULj7atHXhjp538Q4TqwAnIdBVmvoYmzDg7rl0dv381wzJRLNwlzxSXB-tPeoJTA5kh3AN7TAG6b60HdI0RZ8WIIBkBk2yyMwGGAb~91l3PFjSBgAeNHMVN6vwDsCu6RGnS6uwzsk-yKpzV85waQcFXcl6jQLfiVX0hQGAEETapIGpSYNbizw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Cellular_and_Molecular_Neurobiology","translated_slug":"","page_count":19,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":31212630,"first_name":"Constance","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Hammond","page_name":"HammondConstance","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2015-05-17T06:24:01.696-07:00","display_name":"Constance Hammond","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HammondConstance"},"attachments":[{"id":98194190,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/98194190/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"download.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/98194190/download_file?st=MTczMzA1NjY2OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Cellular_and_Molecular_Neurobiology.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/98194190/download-libre.pdf?1675442750=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DCellular_and_Molecular_Neurobiology.pdf\u0026Expires=1733060269\u0026Signature=V9QdCTkt40Qa2FkdN2HxyMWBPO9yCDNzN1oT0oMnmtTPHdUFYDyQpJUp2uq3r8PAPeXymFO6INbRIs6UI8nIdODiCBBabMKMJVC8wFqO~2TT6vPZpjSJr26wIli0Vb6MCyZz7UvAZp7R3NBdspN0qFeYrhDzD9FBPMULj7atHXhjp538Q4TqwAnIdBVmvoYmzDg7rl0dv381wzJRLNwlzxSXB-tPeoJTA5kh3AN7TAG6b60HdI0RZ8WIIBkBk2yyMwGGAb~91l3PFjSBgAeNHMVN6vwDsCu6RGnS6uwzsk-yKpzV85waQcFXcl6jQLfiVX0hQGAEETapIGpSYNbizw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":161,"name":"Neuroscience","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroscience"},{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology"},{"id":10903,"name":"Neurotransmission","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurotransmission"},{"id":13827,"name":"Cell Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Biology"},{"id":32003,"name":"Synaptic Plasticity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Synaptic_Plasticity"},{"id":86222,"name":"Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cellular_and_Molecular_Neurobiology"},{"id":103194,"name":"Biologie","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biologie"},{"id":539665,"name":"Neurologie","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurologie"},{"id":594811,"name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cellular_and_Molecular_Neuroscience"},{"id":1239755,"name":"Neurosciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurosciences"},{"id":1681026,"name":"Biochemistry and cell biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biochemistry_and_cell_biology"},{"id":2875883,"name":"Zellbiologie","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zellbiologie"},{"id":3789884,"name":"Pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacology_and_pharmaceutical_sciences"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); 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The sensory organs are clearly separated, and their movements ('whisking') are prototypical. At the other end of the sensory pathway, the cortical modules representing different whiskers are clearly separated, forming the well-known 'barrels'. However, up to date, most information regarding vibrissae-cortical barrels system was derived from mice and rats, in which this system appeared to be similarly organized. In other laboratory rodents, such as guinea pigs, hamsters and rabbits, the organizational principles of this system were thought to be different. We report here that in mice, rats, guinea pigs, golden hamsters and rabbits, the vibrissae-cortical barrels system is similarly organized. The similarities were found in the spatial arrangement of vibrissae and cortical barrels, in the muscle distribution within the mystacial pads, in the relationships between the straddlers and vibrissal rows, and in specific behavior of mystacial vibrissae during histologic processing. These data were confirmed by electrophysiological mapping. We conclude that the principles of spatial organization of the vibrissae in the mystacial pad at the periphery, and of cortical barrels centrally, are similar across major lineages of rodents, independently on having a typical whisking behavior, or not.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":1997,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Neuroscience 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class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/91848574/Layout_of_a_typical_training_session_for_patient_groups_with_a_genetic_disease">Layout of a typical training session for patient groups with a genetic disease</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">&lt;p&gt;See also &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pb...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">&lt;p&gt;See also &lt;a href=&quot;<a href="http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.1002067#pbio.1002067.g002&quot" rel="nofollow">http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.1002067#pbio.1002067.g002&quot</a>; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Fig. 2&lt;/a&gt; for how we tailor each training session to a particular disease.&lt;/p</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="91848574"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" 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href="https://www.academia.edu/91848573/_La_stimulation_%C3%A0_haute_fr%C3%A9quence_dans_la_maladie_de_Parkinson_effets_%C3%A0_court_et_long_termes_Long_and_short_term_effects_of_high_frequency_stimulation_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of « La stimulation à haute fréquence dans la maladie de Parkinson : effets à court et long termes / Long and short term effects of high frequency stimulation »" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/91848573/_La_stimulation_%C3%A0_haute_fr%C3%A9quence_dans_la_maladie_de_Parkinson_effets_%C3%A0_court_et_long_termes_Long_and_short_term_effects_of_high_frequency_stimulation_">« La stimulation à haute fréquence dans la maladie de Parkinson : effets à court et long termes / Long and short term effects of high frequency stimulation »</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="91848573"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="91848573"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 91848573; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); 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})(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=91848573]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":91848573,"title":"« La stimulation à haute fréquence dans la maladie de Parkinson : effets à court et long termes / Long and short term effects of high frequency stimulation 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Repetitive Gigantic IPSCs in Medium Spiny Neurons" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/91848572/Cellular_Molecular_Dopamine_Deprived_Striatal_GABAergic_Interneurons_Burst_and_Generate_Repetitive_Gigantic_IPSCs_in_Medium_Spiny_Neurons">Cellular/Molecular Dopamine-Deprived Striatal GABAergic Interneurons Burst and Generate Repetitive Gigantic IPSCs in Medium Spiny Neurons</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Striatal GABAergic microcircuits modulate cortical responses and movement execution in part by co...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Striatal GABAergic microcircuits modulate cortical responses and movement execution in part by controlling the activity of medium spiny neurons (MSNs). How this is altered by chronic dopamine depletion, such as in Parkinson’s disease, is not presently understood. We now report that, in dopamine-depleted slices of the striatum, MSNs generate giant spontaneous postsynaptic GABAergic currents (single or in bursts at 60 Hz) interspersed with silent episodes, rather than the continuous, low-frequency GABAergic drive (5 Hz) observed in control MSNs. This shift was observed in one-half of the MSN population, including both “D 1-negative ” and “D 1-positive” MSNs. Single GABA and NMDA channel recordings revealed that the resting membrane potential and reversal potential of GABA were similarincontrolanddopamine-depletedMSNs,and depolarizing,butnotexcitatory,actionsofGABAwereobserved.Glutamatergicand cholinergic antagonists did not block the GABAergic oscillations, suggesting that they were g...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="91848572"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="91848572"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 91848572; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=91848572]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=91848572]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 91848572; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='91848572']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 91848572, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=91848572]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":91848572,"title":"Cellular/Molecular Dopamine-Deprived Striatal GABAergic Interneurons Burst and Generate Repetitive Gigantic IPSCs in Medium Spiny Neurons","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Striatal GABAergic microcircuits modulate cortical responses and movement execution in part by controlling the activity of medium spiny neurons (MSNs). 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Our...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Genuine partnership between patient groups and medical experts is important but challeng-ing. Our training program meets this challenge by organizing hands-on, lab-based training sessions for members of patient groups. These sessions allow “trainees ” to better under-stand their disease and the biomedical research process, and strengthen links between pa-tients and local researchers. Over the past decade, we and our partner institutes have received more than 900 French patients, with the participation of over 60 researchers and clinicians. 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Neurons: Excitable and Secretory Cells That Establish Synapses 1. Neurons 2. Neuron - Gli...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Part I. Neurons: Excitable and Secretory Cells That Establish Synapses 1. Neurons 2. Neuron - Glial Cell Cooperation 3. Ionic Gradients, Membrane Potential and Ionic Currents 4. The Voltage-Gated Channels of Na+ Action Potentials 5. The Voltage-Gated Channels of Ca+2 Action Potentials: Generalization 6. The Chemical Synapses 7. Neurotransmitter Release Part II. Ionotropic and Metabotropic Receptors in Synaptic Transmission and Sensory Transduction 8. The Ionotropic Nicotinic Acetycholine Receptors 9. The Ionotropic GABAA Receptor 10. The Ionotropic Glutamate Receptors 11. The Metabotropic GABAB Receptors 12. 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The possibility of long-lasting modifications of glutamatergic responses after anoxic-aglycemi...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">1. The possibility of long-lasting modifications of glutamatergic responses after anoxic-aglycemic (AA) episodes was investigated in CA1 hippocampal neurons of adult slices. Bicuculline (10 microM) was continuously bath applied to block GABAA receptor-mediated currents. AA episodes were induced by brief (1.30-3 min) perfusions with a glucose free artificial-cerebro-spinal-fluid (ACSF) saturated with 95% N2-5% CO2. 2. In presence of (0.6 mM) Mg2+ and a low concentration of the alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate (AMPA) receptor antagonist 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX, 1 microM), the Schaffer collateral field EPSPs consisted of an early AMPA receptor-mediated component and a late N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-mediated component. The former was blocked by (10 microM) CNQX and the latter by (50) microM D-2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate (D-APV). The AA episode induced a selective long-term potentiation (LTP) of the NMDA receptor-mediated component [+70 +...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="85623090"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="85623090"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 85623090; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=85623090]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=85623090]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 85623090; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='85623090']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 85623090, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=85623090]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":85623090,"title":"A selective LTP of NMDA receptor-mediated currents induced by anoxia in CA1 hippocampal neurons","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"1. 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We investigated the effect of stimulation from low to high frequencies on rat STN neurons in naive and dopamine-depleted slices using whole-cell, current-clamp techniques and on-line artifact suppression. Stimulation at 10 Hz evoked 10 Hz single spikes but did not significantly modify ongoing STN activity. In contrast, at therapeutically relevant frequencies (80-185 Hz), stimulation had a dual effect: it fully suppressed STN spontaneous activity and generated a robust pattern of recurrent bursts of spikes, with each spike being time-locked to a stimulus pulse. Neither the suppression of spontaneous activity nor the generation of spikes was prevented by the antagonists of the metabotropic and ionotropic receptors of glutamate and ␥-aminobutyric acid. Tetrodotoxin, the Na ϩ channel blocker, suppressed all HFS-evoked spikes, whereas nifedipin, an L-type Ca 2ϩ-channel blocker, abolished the membrane oscillations underlying bursts. Therefore, we conclude that HFS drives the STN neuronal activity by directly activating the neuronal membrane. 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Nucleus Accumbens Deep Brain Stimulation Produces RegionSpecific Alterations in Local</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="6a8094922c9b951db762de5b577b47df" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":88118703,"asset_id":82395013,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/88118703/download_file?st=MTczMzA1NjY2OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="82395013"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span 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WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":82395013,"title":"Field Potential Oscillations and Evoked Responses In Vivo Nucleus Accumbens Deep Brain Stimulation Produces RegionSpecific Alterations in Local","translated_title":"","metadata":{"ai_title_tag":"Deep Brain Stimulation of STN Induces Blockade of Neuronal Activity","grobid_abstract":"Beurrier, Corinne, Bernard Bioulac, Jacques Audin, and Constance Hammond. High-frequency stimulation produces a transient blockade of voltage-gated currents in subthalamic neurons. J Neurophysiol 85: 1351-1356, 2001. The effect of high-frequency stimulation (HFS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) was analyzed with patch-clamp techniques (whole cell configuration, current-and voltage-clamp modes) in rat STN slices in vitro. A brief tetanus, consisting of 100-s bipolar stimuli at a frequency of 100-250 Hz during 1 min, produced a full blockade of ongoing STN activity whether it was in the tonic or bursting mode. This HFS-induced silence lasted around 6 min after the end of stimulation, was frequency dependent, could be repeated without alteration, and was not synaptically induced as it was still observed in the presence of blockers of ionotropic GABA and glutamate receptors or in the presence of cobalt at a concentration (2 mM) that blocks voltage-gated Ca 2ϩ channels and synaptic transmission. During HFS-induced silence, the following alterations were observed: the persistent Na ϩ current (I NaP) was totally blocked (by 99%), the Ca 2ϩ-mediated responses were strongly reduced including the posthyperpolarization rebound (Ϫ62% in amplitude) and the plateau potential (Ϫ76% in duration), suggesting that T-and L-type Ca 2ϩ currents are transiently depressed by HFS, whereas the Cs ϩsensitive, hyperpolarization-activated cationic current (I h) was little affected. Thus a high-frequency tetanus produces a blockade of the spontaneous activities of STN neurons as a result of a strong depression of intrinsic voltage-gated currents underlying single-spike and bursting modes of discharge. These effects of HFS, which are completely independent of synaptic transmission, provide a mechanism for interrupting ongoing activities of STN neurons.","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":88118703},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/82395013/Field_Potential_Oscillations_and_Evoked_Responses_In_Vivo_Nucleus_Accumbens_Deep_Brain_Stimulation_Produces_RegionSpecific_Alterations_in_Local","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-06-30T04:46:28.087-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":31212630,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":88118703,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/88118703/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"1351.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/88118703/download_file?st=MTczMzA1NjY2OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Field_Potential_Oscillations_and_Evoked.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/88118703/1351-libre.pdf?1656590604=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DField_Potential_Oscillations_and_Evoked.pdf\u0026Expires=1733060269\u0026Signature=Ujde9rip04LjNIcNk3v-1SP1CwTJmEvsNAq4nMJbHpw~YS2qreRdWU9OVpAZqHAkr3Skd8UaLIwZjcTHdLI8D0pIJ21kjOsm8D6qJl07GHRFgofDdxW4jU2Q4IMgEeD1uiTPQt6UAjdTJ7iGKaxl7J7wka7v2qjYkzleoI6Ryea6rfIbwa3wuJbGoQFon94bRUY4nEiKVHL04Da~KXvDk-hzK0-qXtFwlkNeQSKk~wfBqCJqK24nwjXyZKhuhcstjUOMnlGr~8l87Loaz3MQqwwNFVPFHjiM8o9XTrkteBH7P39xnk8Wuq2uamXbvwfFEvPbuP6NJ094dv0H~WXF9w__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Field_Potential_Oscillations_and_Evoked_Responses_In_Vivo_Nucleus_Accumbens_Deep_Brain_Stimulation_Produces_RegionSpecific_Alterations_in_Local","translated_slug":"","page_count":6,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":31212630,"first_name":"Constance","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Hammond","page_name":"HammondConstance","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2015-05-17T06:24:01.696-07:00","display_name":"Constance Hammond","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HammondConstance"},"attachments":[{"id":88118703,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/88118703/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"1351.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/88118703/download_file?st=MTczMzA1NjY2OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Field_Potential_Oscillations_and_Evoked.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/88118703/1351-libre.pdf?1656590604=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DField_Potential_Oscillations_and_Evoked.pdf\u0026Expires=1733060269\u0026Signature=Ujde9rip04LjNIcNk3v-1SP1CwTJmEvsNAq4nMJbHpw~YS2qreRdWU9OVpAZqHAkr3Skd8UaLIwZjcTHdLI8D0pIJ21kjOsm8D6qJl07GHRFgofDdxW4jU2Q4IMgEeD1uiTPQt6UAjdTJ7iGKaxl7J7wka7v2qjYkzleoI6Ryea6rfIbwa3wuJbGoQFon94bRUY4nEiKVHL04Da~KXvDk-hzK0-qXtFwlkNeQSKk~wfBqCJqK24nwjXyZKhuhcstjUOMnlGr~8l87Loaz3MQqwwNFVPFHjiM8o9XTrkteBH7P39xnk8Wuq2uamXbvwfFEvPbuP6NJ094dv0H~WXF9w__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2583,"name":"Deep Brain Stimulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Deep_Brain_Stimulation"},{"id":41697,"name":"Nucleus Accumbens","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nucleus_Accumbens"},{"id":174781,"name":"Oscillations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oscillations"},{"id":764455,"name":"Potential Field Algorithm","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Potential_Field_Algorithm"}],"urls":[{"id":21825855,"url":"http://jn.physiology.org/cgi/reprint/85/4/1351.pdf"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="82395009"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/82395009/Dopamine_Deprived_Striatal_GABAergic_Interneurons_Burst_and_Generate_Repetitive_Gigantic_IPSCs_in_Medium_Spiny_Neurons"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Dopamine-Deprived Striatal GABAergic Interneurons Burst and Generate Repetitive Gigantic IPSCs in Medium Spiny Neurons" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/88118723/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/82395009/Dopamine_Deprived_Striatal_GABAergic_Interneurons_Burst_and_Generate_Repetitive_Gigantic_IPSCs_in_Medium_Spiny_Neurons">Dopamine-Deprived Striatal GABAergic Interneurons Burst and Generate Repetitive Gigantic IPSCs in Medium Spiny Neurons</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Neuroscience</span><span>, 2009</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="ba2eabb1668d9d9cc9943894d0103b01" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":88118723,"asset_id":82395009,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/88118723/download_file?st=MTczMzA1NjY2OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="82395009"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="82395009"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 82395009; 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How this is altered by chronic dopamine depletion, such as in Parkinson's disease, is not presently understood. We now report that, in dopamine-depleted slices of the striatum, MSNs generate giant spontaneous postsynaptic GABAergic currents (single or in bursts at 60 Hz) interspersed with silent episodes, rather than the continuous, low-frequency GABAergic drive (5 Hz) observed in control MSNs. This shift was observed in one-half of the MSN population, including both \"D 1-negative\" and \"D 1-positive\" MSNs. Single GABA and NMDA channel recordings revealed that the resting membrane potential and reversal potential of GABA were similar in control and dopamine-depleted MSNs, and depolarizing, but not excitatory, actions of GABA were observed. Glutamatergic and cholinergic antagonists did not block the GABAergic oscillations, suggesting that they were generated by GABAergic neurons. In support of this, cell-attached recordings revealed that a subpopulation of intrastriatal GABAergic interneurons generated bursts of spikes in dopamine-deprived conditions. This subpopulation included low-threshold spike interneurons but not fast-spiking interneurons, cholinergic interneurons, or MSNs. Therefore, a population of local GABAergic interneurons shifts from tonic to oscillatory mode when dopamine deprived and gives rise to spontaneous repetitive giant GABAergic currents in one-half the MSNs. We suggest that this may in turn alter integration of cortical signals by MSNs.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2009,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Journal of 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wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/82368449/Glutamate_metabotropic_receptors_increase_a_Ca_2_activated_nonspecific_cationic_current_in_CA1_hippocampal_neurons">Glutamate metabotropic receptors increase a Ca(2+)-activated nonspecific cationic current in CA1 hippocampal neurons</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Neurophysiology</span><span>, 1994</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">1. We studied the currents evoked in CA1 pyramidal neurons by the selective metabotropic glutamat...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">1. We studied the currents evoked in CA1 pyramidal neurons by the selective metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) agonist 1S,3R-1-aminocyclopentane-1,3-dicarboxylate (1S,3R-ACPD; 100 microM, 2.30–5 min) with the single-electrode voltage-clamp technique in the continuous presence of tetrodotoxin (1 microM), bicuculline (10 microM), 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (15 microM), and D-2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (50 microM) to depress action potentials and synaptic activity. Microelectrodes were filled with 3M CsCl or 2 M Cs2SO4. 2. With CsCl-filled microelectrodes, bath application of 1S,3R-ACPD induced an inward current of -308 +/p 50 (SE) pA amplitude [holding potential (VH -60 mV, n = 12)] associated with a conductance decrease (26.5 +/- 5.6%, P &lt; or = 0.0022, n = 12). The current-voltage (I–V) relation of the 1S,3R-ACPD-induced (difference) current investigated using ramp voltage commands from -130 to +10 mV had a V shape with two reversal potentials: -99.6 +/- 3.4 an...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="82368449"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="82368449"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 82368449; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=82368449]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=82368449]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 82368449; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='82368449']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 82368449, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=82368449]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":82368449,"title":"Glutamate metabotropic receptors increase a Ca(2+)-activated nonspecific cationic current in CA1 hippocampal neurons","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"1. We studied the currents evoked in CA1 pyramidal neurons by the selective metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) agonist 1S,3R-1-aminocyclopentane-1,3-dicarboxylate (1S,3R-ACPD; 100 microM, 2.30–5 min) with the single-electrode voltage-clamp technique in the continuous presence of tetrodotoxin (1 microM), bicuculline (10 microM), 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (15 microM), and D-2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (50 microM) to depress action potentials and synaptic activity. Microelectrodes were filled with 3M CsCl or 2 M Cs2SO4. 2. With CsCl-filled microelectrodes, bath application of 1S,3R-ACPD induced an inward current of -308 +/p 50 (SE) pA amplitude [holding potential (VH -60 mV, n = 12)] associated with a conductance decrease (26.5 +/- 5.6%, P \u0026lt; or = 0.0022, n = 12). The current-voltage (I–V) relation of the 1S,3R-ACPD-induced (difference) current investigated using ramp voltage commands from -130 to +10 mV had a V shape with two reversal potentials: -99.6 +/- 3.4 an...","publisher":"American Physiological Society","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":1994,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Journal of Neurophysiology"},"translated_abstract":"1. We studied the currents evoked in CA1 pyramidal neurons by the selective metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) agonist 1S,3R-1-aminocyclopentane-1,3-dicarboxylate (1S,3R-ACPD; 100 microM, 2.30–5 min) with the single-electrode voltage-clamp technique in the continuous presence of tetrodotoxin (1 microM), bicuculline (10 microM), 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (15 microM), and D-2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (50 microM) to depress action potentials and synaptic activity. Microelectrodes were filled with 3M CsCl or 2 M Cs2SO4. 2. With CsCl-filled microelectrodes, bath application of 1S,3R-ACPD induced an inward current of -308 +/p 50 (SE) pA amplitude [holding potential (VH -60 mV, n = 12)] associated with a conductance decrease (26.5 +/- 5.6%, P \u0026lt; or = 0.0022, n = 12). The current-voltage (I–V) relation of the 1S,3R-ACPD-induced (difference) current investigated using ramp voltage commands from -130 to +10 mV had a V shape with two reversal potentials: -99.6 +/- 3.4 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src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/104143464/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/104403812/Excitatory_effect_of_iontophoretically_applied_dopamine_on_identified_neurons_of_the_rat_subthalamic_nucleus">Excitatory effect of iontophoretically applied dopamine on identified neurons of the rat subthalamic nucleus</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Brain Research</span><span>, 1986</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="4fe057eb1db27086d95b825ea476e88b" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":104143464,"asset_id":104403812,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" 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class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/96240245/Community_Page_Creative_Research_Science_Experiences_for_High_School_Students">Community Page Creative Research Science Experiences for High School Students</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The influence of scientific discoveries on daily life has never been greater, yet the percentage ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The influence of scientific discoveries on daily life has never been greater, yet the percentage of students pursuing careers in science and technology has dropped dramatically in the Western World [1,2]. Student disenchantment begins even before high school, where students must typically memorize scientific facts and occasionally perform experiments following concepts with little relevance to daily life [3–5]. French high school students, as in other countries, opt out of scientific tracks in the 6th and 7th grades, often selecting scientific courses simply to increase their chances of being accepted at prestigious universities [6]. This passive teaching style squanders children’s intrinsic curiosity, imagination, creativity, and fascination with the natural world and forces universities to invest enormous sums in an effort to recover from these lost opportunities [7–9]. Offering high school students the means to explore the world the way working scientists do can rekindle their in...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="96240245"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="96240245"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 96240245; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=96240245]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=96240245]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 96240245; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='96240245']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 96240245, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=96240245]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":96240245,"title":"Community Page Creative Research Science Experiences for High School Students","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The influence of scientific discoveries on daily life has never been greater, yet the percentage of students pursuing careers in science and technology has dropped dramatically in the Western World [1,2]. 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This passive teaching style squanders children’s intrinsic curiosity, imagination, creativity, and fascination with the natural world and forces universities to invest enormous sums in an effort to recover from these lost opportunities [7–9]. Offering high school students the means to explore the world the way working scientists do can rekindle their in...","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/96240245/Community_Page_Creative_Research_Science_Experiences_for_High_School_Students","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-02-03T08:32:26.544-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":31212630,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Community_Page_Creative_Research_Science_Experiences_for_High_School_Students","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":31212630,"first_name":"Constance","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Hammond","page_name":"HammondConstance","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2015-05-17T06:24:01.696-07:00","display_name":"Constance Hammond","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HammondConstance"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[],"urls":[{"id":28656475,"url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.351.1019\u0026rep=rep1\u0026type=pdf"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="96240243"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/96240243/Edited_by"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Edited by" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/96240243/Edited_by">Edited by</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">doi: 10.3389/fnsys.2011.00043 The subthalamic nucleus becomes a generator of bursts in the dopami...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">doi: 10.3389/fnsys.2011.00043 The subthalamic nucleus becomes a generator of bursts in the dopamine-depleted state. Its high frequency stimulation dramatically weakens transmission to the globus pallidus</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="96240243"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="96240243"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 96240243; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=96240243]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=96240243]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 96240243; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='96240243']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 96240243, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=96240243]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":96240243,"title":"Edited by","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"doi: 10.3389/fnsys.2011.00043 The subthalamic nucleus becomes a generator of bursts in the dopamine-depleted state. 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Its high frequency stimulation dramatically weakens transmission to the globus pallidus","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/96240243/Edited_by","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-02-03T08:32:26.421-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":31212630,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Edited_by","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":31212630,"first_name":"Constance","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Hammond","page_name":"HammondConstance","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2015-05-17T06:24:01.696-07:00","display_name":"Constance Hammond","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HammondConstance"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[],"urls":[{"id":28656474,"url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.290.5726\u0026rep=rep1\u0026type=pdf"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="96240242"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/96240242/Neurotransmitter_Induced_Regulation_of_Voltage_Dependent_Calcium_Current_in_Identified_Snail_Neurons"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Neurotransmitter-Induced Regulation of Voltage-Dependent Calcium Current in Identified Snail Neurons" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/96240242/Neurotransmitter_Induced_Regulation_of_Voltage_Dependent_Calcium_Current_in_Identified_Snail_Neurons">Neurotransmitter-Induced Regulation of Voltage-Dependent Calcium Current in Identified Snail Neurons</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Modulation of Synaptic Transmission and Plasticity in Nervous Systems</span><span>, 1988</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Recent studies using the methods of molecular biology and the patch clamp techniques have deeply ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Recent studies using the methods of molecular biology and the patch clamp techniques have deeply modified our wiew of the mechanism of action of neurotransmitters in ionic channels. Accordingly, the relationship between neurotransmitter receptors and ionic channels appear now to be of three main classes: 1. The neurotransmitter receptor and the ionic channel gated by it are parts of an unique protein molecule. The receptor site activation by the neurotransmitter induces a conformational change in this protein molecule that results in the opening of the ionic channel. Exemples of this model are the nicotinic cholinergic receptor of vertebrate neuromuscular junctions and fish electroplaques (see Changeux et al., 1984; Noda et al., 1984) and both the GABA (Schofield et al., 1987) and glycine (Grenningoh et al., 1987) receptors of vertebrate central nervous system synapses (see also, Barnard et al., 1987). 2. The neurotransmitter receptor and the ionic channel gated by it are different and separate protein molecules. The functional coupling between them is mediated by an heterotrimer GTP-binding protein (G protein). The muscarinic receptor of the vertebrate atrial muscle fibres intervening in the vagal inhibition of the heart beating is an exemple of this model.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="96240242"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="96240242"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 96240242; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=96240242]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=96240242]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 96240242; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='96240242']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 96240242, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=96240242]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":96240242,"title":"Neurotransmitter-Induced Regulation of Voltage-Dependent Calcium Current in Identified Snail Neurons","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Recent studies using the methods of molecular biology and the patch clamp techniques have deeply modified our wiew of the mechanism of action of neurotransmitters in ionic channels. Accordingly, the relationship between neurotransmitter receptors and ionic channels appear now to be of three main classes: 1. The neurotransmitter receptor and the ionic channel gated by it are parts of an unique protein molecule. The receptor site activation by the neurotransmitter induces a conformational change in this protein molecule that results in the opening of the ionic channel. Exemples of this model are the nicotinic cholinergic receptor of vertebrate neuromuscular junctions and fish electroplaques (see Changeux et al., 1984; Noda et al., 1984) and both the GABA (Schofield et al., 1987) and glycine (Grenningoh et al., 1987) receptors of vertebrate central nervous system synapses (see also, Barnard et al., 1987). 2. The neurotransmitter receptor and the ionic channel gated by it are different and separate protein molecules. The functional coupling between them is mediated by an heterotrimer GTP-binding protein (G protein). The muscarinic receptor of the vertebrate atrial muscle fibres intervening in the vagal inhibition of the heart beating is an exemple of this model.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":1988,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Modulation of Synaptic Transmission and Plasticity in Nervous Systems"},"translated_abstract":"Recent studies using the methods of molecular biology and the patch clamp techniques have deeply modified our wiew of the mechanism of action of neurotransmitters in ionic channels. Accordingly, the relationship between neurotransmitter receptors and ionic channels appear now to be of three main classes: 1. The neurotransmitter receptor and the ionic channel gated by it are parts of an unique protein molecule. The receptor site activation by the neurotransmitter induces a conformational change in this protein molecule that results in the opening of the ionic channel. Exemples of this model are the nicotinic cholinergic receptor of vertebrate neuromuscular junctions and fish electroplaques (see Changeux et al., 1984; Noda et al., 1984) and both the GABA (Schofield et al., 1987) and glycine (Grenningoh et al., 1987) receptors of vertebrate central nervous system synapses (see also, Barnard et al., 1987). 2. The neurotransmitter receptor and the ionic channel gated by it are different and separate protein molecules. The functional coupling between them is mediated by an heterotrimer GTP-binding protein (G protein). The muscarinic receptor of the vertebrate atrial muscle fibres intervening in the vagal inhibition of the heart beating is an exemple of this model.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/96240242/Neurotransmitter_Induced_Regulation_of_Voltage_Dependent_Calcium_Current_in_Identified_Snail_Neurons","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-02-03T08:32:26.323-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":31212630,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Neurotransmitter_Induced_Regulation_of_Voltage_Dependent_Calcium_Current_in_Identified_Snail_Neurons","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":31212630,"first_name":"Constance","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Hammond","page_name":"HammondConstance","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2015-05-17T06:24:01.696-07:00","display_name":"Constance Hammond","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HammondConstance"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":502,"name":"Biophysics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biophysics"},{"id":523,"name":"Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry"},{"id":396979,"name":"Glycine receptor","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Glycine_receptor"},{"id":555007,"name":"Receptor","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Receptor"},{"id":780543,"name":"G protein","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/G_protein"},{"id":1153386,"name":"Neurotransmitter","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurotransmitter"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); 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Cerebrovascular diseases (CVDs), which account for 55% of all neurological diseases, are the leading cause of permanent disability, cognitive and motor disorders and dementia. Stroke affects the function and structure of blood-brain barrier, the loss of cerebral blood flow regulation, oxidative stress, inflammation and the loss of neural connections. Currently, no gold standard treatments are available outside the acute therapeutic window to improve outcome in stroke patients. Some promising candidate targets have been identified for the improvement of longterm recovery after stroke, such as Rho GTPases, cell adhesion proteins, kinases, and phosphatases. Previous studies by our lab indicated that Rho GTPases (Rac and RhoA) are involved in both tissue damage and survival, as these proteins are essential for the morphology and movement of neurons, astrocytes and endothelial cells, thus playing a critical role in the balance between cell survival and death. Treatment with a pharmacological inhibitor of RhoA/ROCK blocks the activation of the neurodegeneration cascade. In addition, Rac and synaptic adhesion proteins (p120 catenin and N-catenin) play critical roles in protection against cerebral infarction and in recovery by supporting the neurovascular unit and cytoskeletal remodeling activity to maintain the integrity of the brain parenchyma. Interestingly, neuroprotective agents, such as atorvastatin, and CDK5 silencing after cerebral ischemia and in a glutamate-induced excitotoxicity model may act on the same cellular effectors to recover neurovascular unit integrity. Therefore, future efforts must focus on individually targeting the structural and functional roles of each effector of neurovascular unit and the interactions in neural and non-neural cells in the post-ischemic brain and address how to promote the recovery or prevent the loss of homeostasis in the short, medium and long term.","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":98194190},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/96240241/Cellular_and_Molecular_Neurobiology","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-02-03T08:32:26.232-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":31212630,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":98194190,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/98194190/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"download.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/98194190/download_file?st=MTczMzA1NjY2OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMzA1NjY2OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Cellular_and_Molecular_Neurobiology.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/98194190/download-libre.pdf?1675442750=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DCellular_and_Molecular_Neurobiology.pdf\u0026Expires=1733060269\u0026Signature=V9QdCTkt40Qa2FkdN2HxyMWBPO9yCDNzN1oT0oMnmtTPHdUFYDyQpJUp2uq3r8PAPeXymFO6INbRIs6UI8nIdODiCBBabMKMJVC8wFqO~2TT6vPZpjSJr26wIli0Vb6MCyZz7UvAZp7R3NBdspN0qFeYrhDzD9FBPMULj7atHXhjp538Q4TqwAnIdBVmvoYmzDg7rl0dv381wzJRLNwlzxSXB-tPeoJTA5kh3AN7TAG6b60HdI0RZ8WIIBkBk2yyMwGGAb~91l3PFjSBgAeNHMVN6vwDsCu6RGnS6uwzsk-yKpzV85waQcFXcl6jQLfiVX0hQGAEETapIGpSYNbizw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Cellular_and_Molecular_Neurobiology","translated_slug":"","page_count":19,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":31212630,"first_name":"Constance","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Hammond","page_name":"HammondConstance","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2015-05-17T06:24:01.696-07:00","display_name":"Constance Hammond","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HammondConstance"},"attachments":[{"id":98194190,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/98194190/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"download.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/98194190/download_file?st=MTczMzA1NjY2OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMzA1NjY2OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Cellular_and_Molecular_Neurobiology.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/98194190/download-libre.pdf?1675442750=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DCellular_and_Molecular_Neurobiology.pdf\u0026Expires=1733060269\u0026Signature=V9QdCTkt40Qa2FkdN2HxyMWBPO9yCDNzN1oT0oMnmtTPHdUFYDyQpJUp2uq3r8PAPeXymFO6INbRIs6UI8nIdODiCBBabMKMJVC8wFqO~2TT6vPZpjSJr26wIli0Vb6MCyZz7UvAZp7R3NBdspN0qFeYrhDzD9FBPMULj7atHXhjp538Q4TqwAnIdBVmvoYmzDg7rl0dv381wzJRLNwlzxSXB-tPeoJTA5kh3AN7TAG6b60HdI0RZ8WIIBkBk2yyMwGGAb~91l3PFjSBgAeNHMVN6vwDsCu6RGnS6uwzsk-yKpzV85waQcFXcl6jQLfiVX0hQGAEETapIGpSYNbizw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":161,"name":"Neuroscience","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroscience"},{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology"},{"id":10903,"name":"Neurotransmission","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurotransmission"},{"id":13827,"name":"Cell Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Biology"},{"id":32003,"name":"Synaptic Plasticity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Synaptic_Plasticity"},{"id":86222,"name":"Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cellular_and_Molecular_Neurobiology"},{"id":103194,"name":"Biologie","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biologie"},{"id":539665,"name":"Neurologie","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurologie"},{"id":594811,"name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cellular_and_Molecular_Neuroscience"},{"id":1239755,"name":"Neurosciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurosciences"},{"id":1681026,"name":"Biochemistry and cell biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biochemistry_and_cell_biology"},{"id":2875883,"name":"Zellbiologie","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zellbiologie"},{"id":3789884,"name":"Pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacology_and_pharmaceutical_sciences"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="96240240"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/96240240/Rhythmic_CA2_activity_of_rat_pituitary_somatotropes_A_comparison_between_normal_and_tumoral_cells"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Rhythmic CA2+ activity of rat pituitary somatotropes: A comparison between normal and tumoral cells" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/98194193/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/96240240/Rhythmic_CA2_activity_of_rat_pituitary_somatotropes_A_comparison_between_normal_and_tumoral_cells">Rhythmic CA2+ activity of rat pituitary somatotropes: A comparison between normal and tumoral cells</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Neuroscience Letters</span><span>, 1997</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="1c9b6c6aa82ec1fa5b81fc87210b3113" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":98194193,"asset_id":96240240,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/98194193/download_file?st=MTczMzA1NjY2OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMzA1NjY2OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="96240240"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="96240240"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 96240240; 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The sensory organs are clearly separated, and their movements ('whisking') are prototypical. At the other end of the sensory pathway, the cortical modules representing different whiskers are clearly separated, forming the well-known 'barrels'. However, up to date, most information regarding vibrissae-cortical barrels system was derived from mice and rats, in which this system appeared to be similarly organized. In other laboratory rodents, such as guinea pigs, hamsters and rabbits, the organizational principles of this system were thought to be different. We report here that in mice, rats, guinea pigs, golden hamsters and rabbits, the vibrissae-cortical barrels system is similarly organized. The similarities were found in the spatial arrangement of vibrissae and cortical barrels, in the muscle distribution within the mystacial pads, in the relationships between the straddlers and vibrissal rows, and in specific behavior of mystacial vibrissae during histologic processing. These data were confirmed by electrophysiological mapping. We conclude that the principles of spatial organization of the vibrissae in the mystacial pad at the periphery, and of cortical barrels centrally, are similar across major lineages of rodents, independently on having a typical whisking behavior, or not.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":1997,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Neuroscience 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class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/91848574/Layout_of_a_typical_training_session_for_patient_groups_with_a_genetic_disease">Layout of a typical training session for patient groups with a genetic disease</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">&lt;p&gt;See also &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pb...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">&lt;p&gt;See also &lt;a href=&quot;<a href="http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.1002067#pbio.1002067.g002&quot" rel="nofollow">http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.1002067#pbio.1002067.g002&quot</a>; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Fig. 2&lt;/a&gt; for how we tailor each training session to a particular disease.&lt;/p</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="91848574"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" 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href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Striatal GABAergic microcircuits modulate cortical responses and movement execution in part by controlling the activity of medium spiny neurons (MSNs). How this is altered by chronic dopamine depletion, such as in Parkinson’s disease, is not presently understood. We now report that, in dopamine-depleted slices of the striatum, MSNs generate giant spontaneous postsynaptic GABAergic currents (single or in bursts at 60 Hz) interspersed with silent episodes, rather than the continuous, low-frequency GABAergic drive (5 Hz) observed in control MSNs. This shift was observed in one-half of the MSN population, including both “D 1-negative ” and “D 1-positive” MSNs. Single GABA and NMDA channel recordings revealed that the resting membrane potential and reversal potential of GABA were similarincontrolanddopamine-depletedMSNs,and depolarizing,butnotexcitatory,actionsofGABAwereobserved.Glutamatergicand cholinergic antagonists did not block the GABAergic oscillations, suggesting that they were g...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="91848572"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="91848572"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 91848572; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=91848572]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=91848572]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 91848572; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='91848572']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 91848572, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=91848572]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":91848572,"title":"Cellular/Molecular Dopamine-Deprived Striatal GABAergic Interneurons Burst and Generate Repetitive Gigantic IPSCs in Medium Spiny Neurons","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Striatal GABAergic microcircuits modulate cortical responses and movement execution in part by controlling the activity of medium spiny neurons (MSNs). 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="85623090"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/85623090/A_selective_LTP_of_NMDA_receptor_mediated_currents_induced_by_anoxia_in_CA1_hippocampal_neurons"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of A selective LTP of NMDA receptor-mediated currents induced by anoxia in CA1 hippocampal neurons" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/85623090/A_selective_LTP_of_NMDA_receptor_mediated_currents_induced_by_anoxia_in_CA1_hippocampal_neurons">A selective LTP of NMDA receptor-mediated currents induced by anoxia in CA1 hippocampal neurons</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Neurophysiology</span><span>, 1993</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">1. The possibility of long-lasting modifications of glutamatergic responses after anoxic-aglycemi...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">1. The possibility of long-lasting modifications of glutamatergic responses after anoxic-aglycemic (AA) episodes was investigated in CA1 hippocampal neurons of adult slices. Bicuculline (10 microM) was continuously bath applied to block GABAA receptor-mediated currents. AA episodes were induced by brief (1.30-3 min) perfusions with a glucose free artificial-cerebro-spinal-fluid (ACSF) saturated with 95% N2-5% CO2. 2. In presence of (0.6 mM) Mg2+ and a low concentration of the alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate (AMPA) receptor antagonist 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX, 1 microM), the Schaffer collateral field EPSPs consisted of an early AMPA receptor-mediated component and a late N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-mediated component. The former was blocked by (10 microM) CNQX and the latter by (50) microM D-2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate (D-APV). The AA episode induced a selective long-term potentiation (LTP) of the NMDA receptor-mediated component [+70 +...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="85623090"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="85623090"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 85623090; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=85623090]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=85623090]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 85623090; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='85623090']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 85623090, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=85623090]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":85623090,"title":"A selective LTP of NMDA receptor-mediated currents induced by anoxia in CA1 hippocampal neurons","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"1. The possibility of long-lasting modifications of glutamatergic responses after anoxic-aglycemic (AA) episodes was investigated in CA1 hippocampal neurons of adult slices. Bicuculline (10 microM) was continuously bath applied to block GABAA receptor-mediated currents. AA episodes were induced by brief (1.30-3 min) perfusions with a glucose free artificial-cerebro-spinal-fluid (ACSF) saturated with 95% N2-5% CO2. 2. In presence of (0.6 mM) Mg2+ and a low concentration of the alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate (AMPA) receptor antagonist 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX, 1 microM), the Schaffer collateral field EPSPs consisted of an early AMPA receptor-mediated component and a late N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-mediated component. The former was blocked by (10 microM) CNQX and the latter by (50) microM D-2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate (D-APV). 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We investigated the effect of stimulation from low to high frequencies on rat STN neurons in naive and dopamine-depleted slices using whole-cell, current-clamp techniques and on-line artifact suppression. Stimulation at 10 Hz evoked 10 Hz single spikes but did not significantly modify ongoing STN activity. In contrast, at therapeutically relevant frequencies (80-185 Hz), stimulation had a dual effect: it fully suppressed STN spontaneous activity and generated a robust pattern of recurrent bursts of spikes, with each spike being time-locked to a stimulus pulse. Neither the suppression of spontaneous activity nor the generation of spikes was prevented by the antagonists of the metabotropic and ionotropic receptors of glutamate and ␥-aminobutyric acid. Tetrodotoxin, the Na ϩ channel blocker, suppressed all HFS-evoked spikes, whereas nifedipin, an L-type Ca 2ϩ-channel blocker, abolished the membrane oscillations underlying bursts. Therefore, we conclude that HFS drives the STN neuronal activity by directly activating the neuronal membrane. 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Nucleus Accumbens Deep Brain Stimulation Produces RegionSpecific Alterations in Local</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="6a8094922c9b951db762de5b577b47df" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":88118703,"asset_id":82395013,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/88118703/download_file?st=MTczMzA1NjY2OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMzA1NjY2OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="82395013"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa 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$('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=82395013]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":82395013,"title":"Field Potential Oscillations and Evoked Responses In Vivo Nucleus Accumbens Deep Brain Stimulation Produces RegionSpecific Alterations in Local","translated_title":"","metadata":{"ai_title_tag":"Deep Brain Stimulation of STN Induces Blockade of Neuronal Activity","grobid_abstract":"Beurrier, Corinne, Bernard Bioulac, Jacques Audin, and Constance Hammond. High-frequency stimulation produces a transient blockade of voltage-gated currents in subthalamic neurons. J Neurophysiol 85: 1351-1356, 2001. The effect of high-frequency stimulation (HFS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) was analyzed with patch-clamp techniques (whole cell configuration, current-and voltage-clamp modes) in rat STN slices in vitro. A brief tetanus, consisting of 100-s bipolar stimuli at a frequency of 100-250 Hz during 1 min, produced a full blockade of ongoing STN activity whether it was in the tonic or bursting mode. This HFS-induced silence lasted around 6 min after the end of stimulation, was frequency dependent, could be repeated without alteration, and was not synaptically induced as it was still observed in the presence of blockers of ionotropic GABA and glutamate receptors or in the presence of cobalt at a concentration (2 mM) that blocks voltage-gated Ca 2ϩ channels and synaptic transmission. During HFS-induced silence, the following alterations were observed: the persistent Na ϩ current (I NaP) was totally blocked (by 99%), the Ca 2ϩ-mediated responses were strongly reduced including the posthyperpolarization rebound (Ϫ62% in amplitude) and the plateau potential (Ϫ76% in duration), suggesting that T-and L-type Ca 2ϩ currents are transiently depressed by HFS, whereas the Cs ϩsensitive, hyperpolarization-activated cationic current (I h) was little affected. Thus a high-frequency tetanus produces a blockade of the spontaneous activities of STN neurons as a result of a strong depression of intrinsic voltage-gated currents underlying single-spike and bursting modes of discharge. These effects of HFS, which are completely independent of synaptic transmission, provide a mechanism for interrupting ongoing activities of STN neurons.","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":88118703},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/82395013/Field_Potential_Oscillations_and_Evoked_Responses_In_Vivo_Nucleus_Accumbens_Deep_Brain_Stimulation_Produces_RegionSpecific_Alterations_in_Local","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-06-30T04:46:28.087-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":31212630,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":88118703,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/88118703/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"1351.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/88118703/download_file?st=MTczMzA1NjY2OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMzA1NjY2OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Field_Potential_Oscillations_and_Evoked.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/88118703/1351-libre.pdf?1656590604=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DField_Potential_Oscillations_and_Evoked.pdf\u0026Expires=1733060269\u0026Signature=Ujde9rip04LjNIcNk3v-1SP1CwTJmEvsNAq4nMJbHpw~YS2qreRdWU9OVpAZqHAkr3Skd8UaLIwZjcTHdLI8D0pIJ21kjOsm8D6qJl07GHRFgofDdxW4jU2Q4IMgEeD1uiTPQt6UAjdTJ7iGKaxl7J7wka7v2qjYkzleoI6Ryea6rfIbwa3wuJbGoQFon94bRUY4nEiKVHL04Da~KXvDk-hzK0-qXtFwlkNeQSKk~wfBqCJqK24nwjXyZKhuhcstjUOMnlGr~8l87Loaz3MQqwwNFVPFHjiM8o9XTrkteBH7P39xnk8Wuq2uamXbvwfFEvPbuP6NJ094dv0H~WXF9w__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Field_Potential_Oscillations_and_Evoked_Responses_In_Vivo_Nucleus_Accumbens_Deep_Brain_Stimulation_Produces_RegionSpecific_Alterations_in_Local","translated_slug":"","page_count":6,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":31212630,"first_name":"Constance","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Hammond","page_name":"HammondConstance","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2015-05-17T06:24:01.696-07:00","display_name":"Constance Hammond","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HammondConstance"},"attachments":[{"id":88118703,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/88118703/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"1351.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/88118703/download_file?st=MTczMzA1NjY2OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMzA1NjY2OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Field_Potential_Oscillations_and_Evoked.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/88118703/1351-libre.pdf?1656590604=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DField_Potential_Oscillations_and_Evoked.pdf\u0026Expires=1733060269\u0026Signature=Ujde9rip04LjNIcNk3v-1SP1CwTJmEvsNAq4nMJbHpw~YS2qreRdWU9OVpAZqHAkr3Skd8UaLIwZjcTHdLI8D0pIJ21kjOsm8D6qJl07GHRFgofDdxW4jU2Q4IMgEeD1uiTPQt6UAjdTJ7iGKaxl7J7wka7v2qjYkzleoI6Ryea6rfIbwa3wuJbGoQFon94bRUY4nEiKVHL04Da~KXvDk-hzK0-qXtFwlkNeQSKk~wfBqCJqK24nwjXyZKhuhcstjUOMnlGr~8l87Loaz3MQqwwNFVPFHjiM8o9XTrkteBH7P39xnk8Wuq2uamXbvwfFEvPbuP6NJ094dv0H~WXF9w__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2583,"name":"Deep Brain Stimulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Deep_Brain_Stimulation"},{"id":41697,"name":"Nucleus Accumbens","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nucleus_Accumbens"},{"id":174781,"name":"Oscillations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oscillations"},{"id":764455,"name":"Potential Field Algorithm","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Potential_Field_Algorithm"}],"urls":[{"id":21825855,"url":"http://jn.physiology.org/cgi/reprint/85/4/1351.pdf"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); 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How this is altered by chronic dopamine depletion, such as in Parkinson's disease, is not presently understood. We now report that, in dopamine-depleted slices of the striatum, MSNs generate giant spontaneous postsynaptic GABAergic currents (single or in bursts at 60 Hz) interspersed with silent episodes, rather than the continuous, low-frequency GABAergic drive (5 Hz) observed in control MSNs. This shift was observed in one-half of the MSN population, including both \"D 1-negative\" and \"D 1-positive\" MSNs. Single GABA and NMDA channel recordings revealed that the resting membrane potential and reversal potential of GABA were similar in control and dopamine-depleted MSNs, and depolarizing, but not excitatory, actions of GABA were observed. Glutamatergic and cholinergic antagonists did not block the GABAergic oscillations, suggesting that they were generated by GABAergic neurons. In support of this, cell-attached recordings revealed that a subpopulation of intrastriatal GABAergic interneurons generated bursts of spikes in dopamine-deprived conditions. This subpopulation included low-threshold spike interneurons but not fast-spiking interneurons, cholinergic interneurons, or MSNs. Therefore, a population of local GABAergic interneurons shifts from tonic to oscillatory mode when dopamine deprived and gives rise to spontaneous repetitive giant GABAergic currents in one-half the MSNs. We suggest that this may in turn alter integration of cortical signals by MSNs.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2009,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Journal of Neuroscience","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":88118723},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/82395009/Dopamine_Deprived_Striatal_GABAergic_Interneurons_Burst_and_Generate_Repetitive_Gigantic_IPSCs_in_Medium_Spiny_Neurons","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-06-30T04:46:27.288-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":31212630,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":88118723,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/88118723/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"7776.full.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/88118723/download_file?st=MTczMzA1NjY2OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMzA1NjY2OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Dopamine_Deprived_Striatal_GABAergic_Int.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/88118723/7776.full-libre.pdf?1656590603=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DDopamine_Deprived_Striatal_GABAergic_Int.pdf\u0026Expires=1733060269\u0026Signature=Lv5FG5oDEbJeynKIWf2lfwwlGDUPdjEKs2x1CGjhkIQvCLFxjbIes9BBRuXO2mmWxpnjY6IidAHEKkwVHqqrvw~i9hgxGCKkQf~jSIew5HGG5VnB2G-0nve1dg3DE~UvzXKVkjN1z3wXXY2zJTVkhiPrJTOg~Q17KQsSNgbv~2Z4NrrB~vOCQDG-rYxt8HhE9GwQOP~w0ljNUPypRAqFA-f67Dw0Gxxg6gZk9Un1vAhp5p6mLujoxagWg8v5fqwo~~8c8XQ45qj9SD1Sb~E-C4Yp-UPhYUVw95Rxwn7pOX1OX9lw0zBJpEWf54zgIz3ybp8qv0kpfUyDOOxP2ZpJMQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Dopamine_Deprived_Striatal_GABAergic_Interneurons_Burst_and_Generate_Repetitive_Gigantic_IPSCs_in_Medium_Spiny_Neurons","translated_slug":"","page_count":12,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":31212630,"first_name":"Constance","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Hammond","page_name":"HammondConstance","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2015-05-17T06:24:01.696-07:00","display_name":"Constance 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analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spectrum_analysis"},{"id":842314,"name":"Biological clocks","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_clocks"},{"id":955727,"name":"Action Potentials","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Action_Potentials"},{"id":1287048,"name":"Interneurons","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Interneurons"},{"id":2486335,"name":"Corpus striatum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Corpus_striatum"},{"id":2558779,"name":"Gabaergic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gabaergic"},{"id":2922956,"name":"Psychology and Cognitive Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology_and_Cognitive_Sciences"},{"id":3364880,"name":"Valine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Valine"},{"id":3763225,"name":"Medical and Health Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_and_Health_Sciences"},{"id":3881526,"name":"In Vitro Techniques","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/In_Vitro_Techniques"},{"id":4053335,"name":"Electric stimulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electric_stimulation"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="82368449"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/82368449/Glutamate_metabotropic_receptors_increase_a_Ca_2_activated_nonspecific_cationic_current_in_CA1_hippocampal_neurons"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Glutamate metabotropic receptors increase a Ca(2+)-activated nonspecific cationic current in CA1 hippocampal neurons" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/82368449/Glutamate_metabotropic_receptors_increase_a_Ca_2_activated_nonspecific_cationic_current_in_CA1_hippocampal_neurons">Glutamate metabotropic receptors increase a Ca(2+)-activated nonspecific cationic current in CA1 hippocampal neurons</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Neurophysiology</span><span>, 1994</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">1. We studied the currents evoked in CA1 pyramidal neurons by the selective metabotropic glutamat...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">1. We studied the currents evoked in CA1 pyramidal neurons by the selective metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) agonist 1S,3R-1-aminocyclopentane-1,3-dicarboxylate (1S,3R-ACPD; 100 microM, 2.30–5 min) with the single-electrode voltage-clamp technique in the continuous presence of tetrodotoxin (1 microM), bicuculline (10 microM), 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (15 microM), and D-2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (50 microM) to depress action potentials and synaptic activity. Microelectrodes were filled with 3M CsCl or 2 M Cs2SO4. 2. With CsCl-filled microelectrodes, bath application of 1S,3R-ACPD induced an inward current of -308 +/p 50 (SE) pA amplitude [holding potential (VH -60 mV, n = 12)] associated with a conductance decrease (26.5 +/- 5.6%, P &lt; or = 0.0022, n = 12). The current-voltage (I–V) relation of the 1S,3R-ACPD-induced (difference) current investigated using ramp voltage commands from -130 to +10 mV had a V shape with two reversal potentials: -99.6 +/- 3.4 an...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="82368449"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="82368449"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 82368449; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=82368449]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=82368449]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 82368449; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='82368449']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 82368449, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=82368449]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":82368449,"title":"Glutamate metabotropic receptors increase a Ca(2+)-activated nonspecific cationic current in CA1 hippocampal neurons","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"1. We studied the currents evoked in CA1 pyramidal neurons by the selective metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) agonist 1S,3R-1-aminocyclopentane-1,3-dicarboxylate (1S,3R-ACPD; 100 microM, 2.30–5 min) with the single-electrode voltage-clamp technique in the continuous presence of tetrodotoxin (1 microM), bicuculline (10 microM), 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (15 microM), and D-2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (50 microM) to depress action potentials and synaptic activity. Microelectrodes were filled with 3M CsCl or 2 M Cs2SO4. 2. With CsCl-filled microelectrodes, bath application of 1S,3R-ACPD induced an inward current of -308 +/p 50 (SE) pA amplitude [holding potential (VH -60 mV, n = 12)] associated with a conductance decrease (26.5 +/- 5.6%, P \u0026lt; or = 0.0022, n = 12). The current-voltage (I–V) relation of the 1S,3R-ACPD-induced (difference) current investigated using ramp voltage commands from -130 to +10 mV had a V shape with two reversal potentials: -99.6 +/- 3.4 an...","publisher":"American Physiological Society","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":1994,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Journal of Neurophysiology"},"translated_abstract":"1. We studied the currents evoked in CA1 pyramidal neurons by the selective metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) agonist 1S,3R-1-aminocyclopentane-1,3-dicarboxylate (1S,3R-ACPD; 100 microM, 2.30–5 min) with the single-electrode voltage-clamp technique in the continuous presence of tetrodotoxin (1 microM), bicuculline (10 microM), 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (15 microM), and D-2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (50 microM) to depress action potentials and synaptic activity. Microelectrodes were filled with 3M CsCl or 2 M Cs2SO4. 2. With CsCl-filled microelectrodes, bath application of 1S,3R-ACPD induced an inward current of -308 +/p 50 (SE) pA amplitude [holding potential (VH -60 mV, n = 12)] associated with a conductance decrease (26.5 +/- 5.6%, P \u0026lt; or = 0.0022, n = 12). The current-voltage (I–V) relation of the 1S,3R-ACPD-induced (difference) current investigated using ramp voltage commands from -130 to +10 mV had a V shape with two reversal potentials: -99.6 +/- 3.4 an...","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/82368449/Glutamate_metabotropic_receptors_increase_a_Ca_2_activated_nonspecific_cationic_current_in_CA1_hippocampal_neurons","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-06-29T12:14:18.578-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":31212630,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Glutamate_metabotropic_receptors_increase_a_Ca_2_activated_nonspecific_cationic_current_in_CA1_hippocampal_neurons","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":31212630,"first_name":"Constance","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Hammond","page_name":"HammondConstance","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2015-05-17T06:24:01.696-07:00","display_name":"Constance Hammond","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HammondConstance"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":523,"name":"Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry"},{"id":9534,"name":"Calcium","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Calcium"},{"id":22272,"name":"Neurophysiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurophysiology"},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine"},{"id":37793,"name":"Patch-clamp and imaging techniques","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Patch-clamp_and_imaging_techniques"},{"id":57556,"name":"Hippocampus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hippocampus"},{"id":61233,"name":"Glutamate","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Glutamate"},{"id":99270,"name":"Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metabotropic_Glutamate_Receptors"},{"id":99271,"name":"Calcium channels","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Calcium_channels"},{"id":111012,"name":"Plant tissue Culture Techniques","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_tissue_Culture_Techniques"},{"id":176503,"name":"Synaptic Transmission","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Synaptic_Transmission"},{"id":375054,"name":"Rats","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rats"},{"id":470846,"name":"Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Voltage-Gated_Sodium_Channels"},{"id":557691,"name":"Potassium Channels","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Potassium_Channels"},{"id":564879,"name":"Wistar Rats","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wistar_Rats"},{"id":2572082,"name":"sodium channels","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/sodium_channels"},{"id":2922956,"name":"Psychology and Cognitive Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology_and_Cognitive_Sciences"},{"id":3763225,"name":"Medical and Health Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_and_Health_Sciences"}],"urls":[{"id":21814138,"url":"https://www.physiology.org/doi/pdf/10.1152/jn.1994.72.4.1561"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); 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