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<span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> 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class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">White Cloud Temple</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Templo_Bajjung%C5%ADan" title="Templo Bajjungŭan – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Templo Bajjungŭan" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1_%D8%B3%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%AF" title="معبد ابر سفید – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="معبد ابر سفید" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temple_du_nuage_blanc_de_P%C3%A9kin" title="Temple du nuage blanc de Pékin – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Temple du nuage blanc de Pékin" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuil_Awan_Putih" title="Kuil Awan Putih – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kuil Awan Putih" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tempio_della_Nuvola_Bianca" title="Tempio della Nuvola Bianca – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Tempio della Nuvola Bianca" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E9%9B%B2%E8%A6%B3" title="白雲観 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="白雲観" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baiyun_Guan" title="Baiyun Guan – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Baiyun Guan" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Awi%C4%85tynia_Bia%C5%82ego_Ob%C5%82oku" title="Świątynia Białego Obłoku – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Świątynia Białego Obłoku" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Храм Белых облаков – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Храм Белых облаков" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baiyuntemplet" title="Baiyuntemplet – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Baiyuntemplet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%86%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7" title="อารามเมฆขาว – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อารามเมฆขาว" data-language-autonym="ไทย" 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title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=White_Cloud_Temple&params=39.8989_N_116.338_E_source:kolossus-dewiki_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">39°53′56″N</span> <span class="longitude">116°20′17″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">39.8989°N 116.338°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">39.8989; 116.338</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Taoist temple and monastery in Beijing, China</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other temples with this name, see <a href="/wiki/Baiyun_Temple_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Baiyun Temple (disambiguation)">Baiyun Temple (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard" style="border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color: #505858; color: #FFF;">White Cloud Temple</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:WhiteCloudpic1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/WhiteCloudpic1.jpg/220px-WhiteCloudpic1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/WhiteCloudpic1.jpg/330px-WhiteCloudpic1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/WhiteCloudpic1.jpg/440px-WhiteCloudpic1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">The archway in front of the entrance to the temple site</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #505858; color: #FFF;">Religion</th></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_religions_and_spiritual_traditions" title="List of religions and spiritual traditions">Affiliation</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Taoism" title="Taoism">Taoism</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #505858; color: #FFF;">Location</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>, <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Geographic coordinates</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=White_Cloud_Temple&params=39.8989_N_116.338_E_source:kolossus-dewiki_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">39°53′56″N</span> <span class="longitude">116°20′17″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">39.8989°N 116.338°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">39.8989; 116.338</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #505858; color: #FFF;">Architecture</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Completed</th><td class="infobox-data note">14th Century<br /><a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming dynasty</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="color: #202122;background-color:#b0c4de">White Cloud Temple</th></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant" style="font-size: 1rem;"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%99%BD" class="extiw" title="wikt:白">白</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%9B%B2" class="extiw" title="wikt:雲">雲</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%A7%80" class="extiw" title="wikt:觀">觀</a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans" style="font-size: 1rem;"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%99%BD" class="extiw" title="wikt:白">白</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%BA%91" class="extiw" title="wikt:云">云</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%A7%82" class="extiw" title="wikt:观">观</a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;">Literal meaning</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Taoist_temple" title="Taoist temple">Temple</a><span class="nowrap"> </span>of<span class="nowrap"> </span>the White<span class="nowrap"> </span>Cloud(s)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Báiyún Gùan</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Pai-yün Kuan</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Tianchang Temple</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant" style="font-size: 1rem;"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A9" class="extiw" title="wikt:天">天</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%95%B7" class="extiw" title="wikt:長">長</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%A7%80" class="extiw" title="wikt:觀">觀</a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans" style="font-size: 1rem;"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A9" class="extiw" title="wikt:天">天</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%95%BF" class="extiw" title="wikt:长">长</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%A7%82" class="extiw" title="wikt:观">观</a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;">Literal meaning</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Taoist_temple" title="Taoist temple">Temple</a><span class="nowrap"> </span>of <a href="/wiki/Tian" title="Tian">Heavenly</a><span class="nowrap"> </span>Perpetuity</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Tiāncháng Guàn</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">T‘ien-chang Kuan</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Changchun Temple</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant" style="font-size: 1rem;"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%95%B7" class="extiw" title="wikt:長">長</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%98%A5" class="extiw" title="wikt:春">春</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%AE%AE" class="extiw" title="wikt:宮">宮</a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans" style="font-size: 1rem;"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%95%BF" class="extiw" title="wikt:长">长</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%98%A5" class="extiw" title="wikt:春">春</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%AE%AB" class="extiw" title="wikt:宫">宫</a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;">Literal meaning</th><td class="infobox-data">Palace of Eternal <a href="/wiki/Spring_(season)" title="Spring (season)">Spring</a><br /><span class="nowrap">Palace of <a href="/wiki/Qiu_Chuji" title="Qiu Chuji">Master Changchun</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Chángchūn Gōng</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Ch‘ang-ch‘un Kong</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>White Cloud Temple</b>, also known as <b>Baiyun Temple</b> or the <b>Abbey</b> or <b>Monastery of the White Clouds</b>, is a <a href="/wiki/Taoist_temple" title="Taoist temple">Taoist temple</a> and <a href="/wiki/Monastery" title="Monastery">monastery</a> located in <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>, <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>. It is one of "The Three Great Ancestral Courts" of the <a href="/wiki/Quanzhen_School" title="Quanzhen School">Quanzhen School</a> of Taoism and is titled "The First Temple under Heaven". </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=White_Cloud_Temple&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The White Cloud Temple was first founded in the mid-8th century during the <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a> and was initially called the Temple of Heavenly Perpetuity (<i>Tianchang Guan</i>). During this period, the abbey was state-sponsored and staffed by an elite clergy. From 1125 to 1215 when what is now Beijing was controlled by the <a href="/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(1115%E2%80%931234)" title="Jin dynasty (1115–1234)">Jin dynasty</a>, the abbey served as the Taoist administrative headquarters and played an important role in state ceremonies. After Beijing was taken by the <a href="/wiki/Mongol_Empire" title="Mongol Empire">Mongols</a> in 1215, the abbey was taken over by the <a href="/wiki/Quanzhen_School" title="Quanzhen School">Quanzhen</a> patriarch <a href="/wiki/Qiu_Chuji" title="Qiu Chuji">Qiu Chuji</a> and became the headquarters of the Quanzhen movement until the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming dynasty</a>. Qiu—who himself was known by the name Master of Eternal <a href="/wiki/Spring_(season)" title="Spring (season)">Spring</a>—renamed the abbey the Palace of Eternal Spring (<i>Changchun Gong</i>). Upon being summoned by <a href="/wiki/Genghis_Khan" title="Genghis Khan">Genghis Khan</a>, Qiu undertook a three-year trek from <a href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">Shandong</a> to give the great khan an exposition on Taoism, which he completed in October 1222.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Qiu's successor, Yin Zhiping (<span class="nowrap"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">尹志平</span></span></span>; 1169–1251) built a memorial shrine over Qiu's grave. This shrine became a temple in its own right and became known as the White Cloud Temple. The abbey was damaged when the Mongols took over in the late 13th century and, during the Ming dynasty, the Palace of Eternal Spring was destroyed. However, the White Cloud Temple survived and took over the functions of its former parent.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under the Ming, clergy from the <a href="/wiki/Zhengyi_Dao" title="Zhengyi Dao">Zhengyi school</a> took over operations of the abbey but continued Quanzhen traditions and ordination ceremonies. Zhengyi control over the temple continued until the 17th century, when their monopoly ended and the Quanzhen master Wang Changyue (<span class="nowrap"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">王常月</span></span></span>; d.<span class="nowrap"> </span>1680) took over. To this day, the White Cloud Temple remains controlled by the Quanzhen school.<sup id="cite_ref-Goossaert_2008,_208_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Goossaert_2008,_208-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The abbey was without an abbot for the 1940s and was closed when the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist Party of China">communists</a> came to power in 1949. Unlike many other historical sites which were being destroyed during the <a href="/wiki/Cultural_Revolution" title="Cultural Revolution">Cultural Revolution</a>, the White Cloud Temple managed to survived but was also damaged. Today, it is again a fully functioning temple and is the seat of the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Taoist_Association" title="Chinese Taoist Association">Chinese Taoist Association</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Goossaert_2008,_209_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Goossaert_2008,_209-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:White_Cloud_Temple,_Beijing_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/White_Cloud_Temple%2C_Beijing_2.jpg/200px-White_Cloud_Temple%2C_Beijing_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/White_Cloud_Temple%2C_Beijing_2.jpg/300px-White_Cloud_Temple%2C_Beijing_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0c/White_Cloud_Temple%2C_Beijing_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="333" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption>White Cloud Temple</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Layout">Layout</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=White_Cloud_Temple&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Layout"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Like most other Chinese temples, the White Cloud Temple is laid out on a north-south axis, with the entrance at the south end. There are five main halls built upon the main axis, beginning with the Main Gate, Yuhuang Hall <span class="nowrap">(<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">玉皇殿</span></span></span>, "Hall of the <a href="/wiki/Jade_Emperor" title="Jade Emperor">Jade Emperor</a>"), Laolü Hall <span class="nowrap">(<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">老律堂</span></span></span>), Qiuzu Hall (<span class="nowrap"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">丘祖殿</span></span></span>, "Hall of the <a href="/wiki/Ancestral_veneration" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancestral veneration">Venerable</a> Qiu"), and finally the Sanqing Hall <span class="nowrap">(<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">三清殿</span></span></span>, "Hall of the <a href="/wiki/Three_Pure_Ones" title="Three Pure Ones">Three Pure Ones</a>").<sup id="cite_ref-Goossaert_2008,_208_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Goossaert_2008,_208-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On either side of the main axis are two smaller axes, each containing halls dedicated to a variety of deities. In the rear of the complex is a garden which hosts the abbey’s ordination platform.<sup id="cite_ref-Goossaert_2008,_209_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Goossaert_2008,_209-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Yuhuang_Hall">Yuhuang Hall</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=White_Cloud_Temple&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Yuhuang Hall"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This hall was first built in 1661 and was rebuilt in 1788. It is dedicated to the <a href="/wiki/Jade_Emperor" title="Jade Emperor">Jade Emperor</a>, who oversees the Celestial Bureaucracy in <a href="/wiki/Chinese_folk_religion" title="Chinese folk religion">Chinese religion</a>. It is three bays long with a gabled roof, and is flanked by drum and bell towers.<sup id="cite_ref-wei_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wei-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Laolü_Hall"><span id="Laol.C3.BC_Hall"></span>Laolü Hall</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=White_Cloud_Temple&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Laolü Hall"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This hall has the same design as the Yuhuang Hall and was first built in 1456.<sup id="cite_ref-wei_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wei-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The monastic community holds a twice-daily office in the Laolü Hall, and it is where ordination certificates are issued.<sup id="cite_ref-Goossaert_2008,_208_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Goossaert_2008,_208-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-wei_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wei-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Qiuzu_Hall">Qiuzu Hall</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=White_Cloud_Temple&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Qiuzu Hall"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Originally built to enshrine <a href="/wiki/Qiu_Chuji" title="Qiu Chuji">Qiu Chuji</a>, this hall was first built in 1228. It is three bays long with a front gallery.<sup id="cite_ref-wei_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wei-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sanqing_Hall">Sanqing Hall</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=White_Cloud_Temple&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Sanqing Hall"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1428, the Sanqing hall was built. It is a two-story, five bay structure with a gabled roof that contains statues of the <a href="/wiki/Three_Pure_Ones" title="Three Pure Ones">Three Pure Ones</a> on the top floor and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Four_Celestial_Aides&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Four Celestial Aides (page does not exist)">Four Celestial Aides</a> on the bottom floor.<sup id="cite_ref-wei_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wei-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ordinations">Ordinations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=White_Cloud_Temple&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Ordinations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Baiyun.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Baiyun.jpg/330px-Baiyun.jpg" decoding="async" width="330" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/70/Baiyun.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="442" data-file-height="160" /></a><figcaption>White Cloud Temple</figcaption></figure> <p>Out of 20 Quanzhen ordination seminaries in the <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing dynasty</a>, the White Cloud Temple was the most important of all. In order to become a Taoist monk of Quanzhen Order, novices first had to spend three years living in a temple. After accomplishing this, they were eligible to be ordained. The ordination was extremely harsh. Each novice had to undergo 100 days of brutal training that sometimes resulted in death. In modern times, this has been reduced to 53 days and is no longer as dangerous. After this training period, novices had exams on Taoist classics, poetry, and precepts. Afterwards, successful novices were fully ordained as <a href="/wiki/Taoist_monks" class="mw-redirect" title="Taoist monks">Taoist monks</a>. During the Qing dynasty, an average of 200 novices were ordained every four years.<sup id="cite_ref-Goossaert_2008,_209_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Goossaert_2008,_209-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ordination ceremonies ended after 1927, but were resumed in 1989.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Festivals">Festivals</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=White_Cloud_Temple&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Festivals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Every year on the 19th day of the first lunar month a festival is held at the abbey in celebration of Qiu Chuji's birthday. It has been thought that Qiu would return to earth as an immortal on this day.<sup id="cite_ref-Goossaert_2008,_209_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Goossaert_2008,_209-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The festival was first held during the <a href="/wiki/Yuan_dynasty" title="Yuan dynasty">Yuan dynasty</a>, but was suspended after the People's Republic of China was established in 1949. The festival was revived in the 1990s and continues to be held to this day.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=White_Cloud_Temple&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:WhiteCloudTemplepic10.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/WhiteCloudTemplepic10.jpg/120px-WhiteCloudTemplepic10.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/WhiteCloudTemplepic10.jpg/180px-WhiteCloudTemplepic10.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/WhiteCloudTemplepic10.jpg/240px-WhiteCloudTemplepic10.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:WhiteCloudTemplepic1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/WhiteCloudTemplepic1.jpg/120px-WhiteCloudTemplepic1.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/WhiteCloudTemplepic1.jpg/180px-WhiteCloudTemplepic1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/WhiteCloudTemplepic1.jpg/240px-WhiteCloudTemplepic1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:WhiteCloudTemplepic2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/WhiteCloudTemplepic2.jpg/120px-WhiteCloudTemplepic2.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/WhiteCloudTemplepic2.jpg/180px-WhiteCloudTemplepic2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/WhiteCloudTemplepic2.jpg/240px-WhiteCloudTemplepic2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:WhiteCloudTemplepic5.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/WhiteCloudTemplepic5.jpg/120px-WhiteCloudTemplepic5.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/WhiteCloudTemplepic5.jpg/180px-WhiteCloudTemplepic5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/WhiteCloudTemplepic5.jpg/240px-WhiteCloudTemplepic5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:WhiteCloudTemplepic6.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/WhiteCloudTemplepic6.jpg/120px-WhiteCloudTemplepic6.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/WhiteCloudTemplepic6.jpg/180px-WhiteCloudTemplepic6.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/WhiteCloudTemplepic6.jpg/240px-WhiteCloudTemplepic6.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:WhiteCloudTemplepic9.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/WhiteCloudTemplepic9.jpg/120px-WhiteCloudTemplepic9.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/WhiteCloudTemplepic9.jpg/180px-WhiteCloudTemplepic9.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/WhiteCloudTemplepic9.jpg/240px-WhiteCloudTemplepic9.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:WhiteCloudTemplepic4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/WhiteCloudTemplepic4.jpg/120px-WhiteCloudTemplepic4.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/WhiteCloudTemplepic4.jpg/180px-WhiteCloudTemplepic4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/WhiteCloudTemplepic4.jpg/240px-WhiteCloudTemplepic4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:WhiteCloudTemplepic8.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/WhiteCloudTemplepic8.jpg/120px-WhiteCloudTemplepic8.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/WhiteCloudTemplepic8.jpg/180px-WhiteCloudTemplepic8.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/WhiteCloudTemplepic8.jpg/240px-WhiteCloudTemplepic8.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=White_Cloud_Temple&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taoism" title="Taoism">Taoism</a> & <a href="/wiki/Taoist_Canon" class="mw-redirect" title="Taoist Canon">Taoist Canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiu_Chuji" title="Qiu Chuji">Master Changchun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quanzhen_School" title="Quanzhen School">Quanzhen School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragon_Gate_Taoism" title="Dragon Gate Taoism">Dragon Gate Taoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Taoism" title="History of Taoism">History of Taoism </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taoist_schools" class="mw-redirect" title="Taoist schools">Taoist schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Taoist_Association" title="Chinese Taoist Association">Chinese Taoist Association</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=White_Cloud_Temple&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=White_Cloud_Temple&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFDe_Hartog1989" class="citation book cs1">De Hartog, Leo (1989). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/genghiskhanconqu00hart/page/125"><i>Genghis Khan - Conqueror of the World</i></a></span>. Tauris Parke Paperbacks. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/genghiskhanconqu00hart/page/125">125–126</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-86064-972-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-86064-972-1"><bdi>978-1-86064-972-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Genghis+Khan+-+Conqueror+of+the+World&rft.pages=125-126&rft.pub=Tauris+Parke+Paperbacks&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-1-86064-972-1&rft.aulast=De+Hartog&rft.aufirst=Leo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgenghiskhanconqu00hart%2Fpage%2F125&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+Cloud+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Goossaert (2008), 207.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Goossaert_2008,_208-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Goossaert_2008,_208_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Goossaert_2008,_208_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Goossaert_2008,_208_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Goossaert (2008), 208.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Goossaert_2008,_209-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Goossaert_2008,_209_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Goossaert_2008,_209_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Goossaert_2008,_209_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Goossaert_2008,_209_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Goossaert (2008), 209.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wei-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wei_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wei_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wei_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wei_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wei_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Qian, 142.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tim (2003), 419.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Goossaert (2008), 210.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=White_Cloud_Temple&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:White_Cloud_Temple" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:White Cloud Temple">White Cloud Temple</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li>Goossaert, Vincent. "Baiyun Guan." in Fabrizio Pregadio, ed., The Encyclopedia of Taoism (London: Routledge, 2008), 207-210.</li> <li>Lai-Chi Tim. "Daoism in China Today: 1980-2002." <i>The China Quarterly,</i> 174(2003):413-427.</li> <li>Qian Yun. <i>Taoist Buildings: Ancient Chinese Architecture</i>. Springer, 2000.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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style="width:1%">Subdivisions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_City,_Beijing" title="Imperial City, Beijing">Imperial City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forbidden_City" title="Forbidden City">Forbidden City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Beijing_city_fortifications" title="Beijing city fortifications">Fortifications</a> and towers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andingmen" title="Andingmen">Andingmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulou_and_Zhonglou_(Beijing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gulou and Zhonglou (Beijing)">Bell and Drum towers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaoyangmen" title="Chaoyangmen">Chaoyangmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chongwenmen" title="Chongwenmen">Chongwenmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Di%27anmen" title="Di'anmen">Di'anmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongzhimen" title="Dongzhimen">Dongzhimen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duanmen" title="Duanmen">Duanmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deshengmen" title="Deshengmen">Deshengmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuchengmen" title="Fuchengmen">Fuchengmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guang%27anmen" title="Guang'anmen">Guang'anmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiananmen" title="Tiananmen">Tiananmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xizhimen" title="Xizhimen">Xizhimen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuanwumen_(Beijing)" title="Xuanwumen (Beijing)">Xuanwumen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yongdingmen" title="Yongdingmen">Yongdingmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhengyangmen" title="Zhengyangmen">Zhengyangmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gate_of_China,_Beijing" title="Gate of China, Beijing">Zhonghuamen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Forbidden_City" title="Forbidden City">Forbidden City</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meridian_Gate" title="Meridian Gate">Meridian Gate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gate_of_Supreme_Harmony" title="Gate of Supreme Harmony">Gate of Supreme Harmony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hall_of_Mental_Cultivation" title="Hall of Mental Cultivation">Hall of Mental Cultivation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hall_of_Supreme_Harmony" title="Hall of Supreme Harmony">Hall of Supreme Harmony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belvedere_of_Embodying_Benevolence" title="Belvedere of Embodying Benevolence">Belvedere of Embodying Benevolence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hall_of_Central_Harmony" title="Hall of Central Harmony">Hall of Central Harmony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belvedere_of_Spreading_Righteousness" title="Belvedere of Spreading Righteousness">Belvedere of Spreading Righteousness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hall_of_Preserving_Harmony" title="Hall of Preserving Harmony">Hall of Preserving Harmony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gate_of_Thriving_Imperial_Clan" title="Gate of Thriving Imperial Clan">Gate of Thriving Imperial Clan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gate_of_Heavenly_Purity" title="Gate of Heavenly Purity">Gate of Heavenly Purity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Heavenly_Purity" title="Palace of Heavenly Purity">Palace of Heavenly Purity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hall_of_Union" title="Hall of Union">Hall of Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Earthly_Tranquility" title="Palace of Earthly Tranquility">Palace of Earthly Tranquility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gate_of_Divine_Might" class="mw-redirect" title="Gate of Divine Might">Gate of Divine Might</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Imperial gardens,<br />temples and offices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jingshan_Park" title="Jingshan Park">Jingshan Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beihai_Park" title="Beihai Park">Beihai Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongnanhai" title="Zhongnanhai">Zhongnanhai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Ancestral_Temple" title="Imperial Ancestral Temple">Taimiao (Imperial Ancestral Temple)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongshan_Park_(Beijing)" title="Zhongshan Park (Beijing)">Zhongshan Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beijing_Temple_of_Confucius" title="Beijing Temple of Confucius">Confucius Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guozijian" title="Guozijian">Guozijian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beijing_Ancient_Observatory" title="Beijing Ancient Observatory">Beijing Ancient Observatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beijing_Zoo" title="Beijing Zoo">Beijing Zoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Summer_Palace" title="Old Summer Palace">Old Summer Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Summer_Palace" title="Summer Palace">Summer Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fragrant_Hills" title="Fragrant Hills">Fragrant Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jade_Spring_Hill" title="Jade Spring Hill">Jade Spring Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Heaven" title="Temple of Heaven">Temple of Heaven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Earth" title="Temple of Earth">Temple of Earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ritan_(Beijing)" title="Ritan (Beijing)">Temple of the Sun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_the_Moon_(China)" title="Temple of the Moon (China)">Temple of the Moon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Agriculture" title="Temple of Agriculture">Xiannongtan (Temple of Agriculture)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Temples and gardens</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shichahai" title="Shichahai">Shichahai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yonghe_Temple" title="Yonghe Temple">Yonghe Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fayuan_Temple" title="Fayuan Temple">Fayuan Temple</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">White Cloud Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhenjue_Temple" title="Zhenjue Temple">Zhenjue Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miaoying_Temple" title="Miaoying Temple">Miaoying Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanshou_Temple" title="Wanshou Temple">Wanshou Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Azure_Clouds" title="Temple of Azure Clouds">Temple of Azure Clouds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badachu" title="Badachu">Badachu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beijing_Dongyue_Temple" title="Beijing Dongyue Temple">Dongyue Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guanghua_Temple_(Beijing)" title="Guanghua Temple (Beijing)">Guanghua Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzhe_Temple" title="Tanzhe Temple">Tanzhe Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wofo_Temple" title="Wofo Temple">Wofo Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Bell_Temple" title="Big Bell Temple">Big Bell Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bailin_Temple_(Beijing)" title="Bailin Temple (Beijing)">Bailin Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangji_Temple_(Beijing)" title="Guangji Temple (Beijing)">Guangji Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fahai_Temple" title="Fahai Temple">Fahai Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changchun_Temple" title="Changchun Temple">Changchun Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhihua_Temple" title="Zhihua Temple">Zhihua Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yunju_Temple" title="Yunju Temple">Yunju Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianning_Temple_(Beijing)" title="Tianning Temple (Beijing)">Tianning Temple</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mosques and churches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_the_Immaculate_Conception,_Beijing" title="Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception, Beijing">Xuanwumen Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Saviour,_Beijing" title="Church of the Saviour, Beijing">Xishiku Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Our_Lady_of_Mount_Carmel,_Beijing" title="Church of Our Lady of Mount Carmel, Beijing">Xizhimen Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Joseph%27s_Church,_Beijing" title="St. Joseph's Church, Beijing">Wangfujing Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Michael%27s_Church,_Beijing" title="St. Michael's Church, Beijing">St. Michael's Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niujie_Mosque" title="Niujie Mosque">Niujie Mosque</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved 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