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id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">个人工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="用户菜单" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=zh.wikipedia.org&uselang=zh"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E4%BA%BA%E6%9D%83%E8%A7%82%E5%AF%9F" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E4%BA%BA%E6%9D%83%E8%A7%82%E5%AF%9F" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-簡介" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#簡介"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>簡介</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-簡介-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-議题与运动" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#議题与运动"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>議题与运动</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-議题与运动-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-近况" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#近况"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>近况</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-近况-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-出版" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#出版"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>出版</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-出版-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-与国际特赦組織的比较" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#与国际特赦組織的比较"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>与国际特赦組織的比较</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-与国际特赦組織的比较-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-批评" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#批评"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>批评</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-批评-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参见" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参见"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>参见</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参见-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-注释" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#注释"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>注释</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-注释-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部链接" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部链接"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>外部链接</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部链接-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">人权观察</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。69种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-69" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">69种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B3_%D9%88%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B4" title="هيومن رايتس ووتش – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هيومن رايتس ووتش" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Human Rights Watch" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Human Rights Watch" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Human Rights Watch" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%8E%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%82%D1%81_%D0%A3%D0%BE%D1%87" title="Хюман Райтс Уоч – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Хюман Райтс Уоч" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9A" title="হিউম্যান রাইটস ওয়াচ – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="হিউম্যান রাইটস ওয়াচ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Human Rights Watch" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Human Rights Watch" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%95%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DB%95%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%81%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%86%DA%A4" title="ڕوانگەی مافەکانی مرۆڤ – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڕوانگەی مافەکانی مرۆڤ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Human Rights Watch" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Human Rights Watch" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Human Rights Watch" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Human Rights Watch" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%81%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%AE%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF_%CE%91%CE%BD%CE%B8%CF%81%CF%89%CF%80%CE%AF%CE%BD%CF%89%CE%BD_%CE%94%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%89%CE%BC%CE%AC%CF%84%CF%89%CE%BD" title="Παρατηρητήριο Ανθρωπίνων Δικαιωμάτων – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Παρατηρητήριο Ανθρωπίνων Δικαιωμάτων" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Human Rights Watch" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Human Rights Watch" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Human Rights Watch" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Human Rights Watch" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Human Rights Watch" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AF%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AD%D9%82%D9%88%D9%82_%D8%A8%D8%B4%D8%B1" title="دیده‌بان حقوق بشر – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دیده‌بان حقوق بشر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Human Rights Watch" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Human Rights Watch" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Human Rights Watch" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sa-ido_akan_Ha%C6%99%C6%99in_%C6%8Aan_Adam" title="Sa-ido akan Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam – 豪萨语" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Sa-ido akan Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="豪萨语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="Human Rights Watch" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%9A" title="ह्यूमन राइट्स वॉच – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ह्यूमन राइट्स वॉच" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Human Rights Watch" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Human Rights Watch" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Human Rights Watch" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Observeyo_pri_Homala_Yuri" title="Observeyo pri Homala Yuri – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Observeyo pri Homala Yuri" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mannr%C3%A9ttindavaktin" title="Mannréttindavaktin – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Mannréttindavaktin" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Human Rights Watch" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%92%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%83%9E%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A4%E3%83%84%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A9%E3%83%83%E3%83%81" title="ヒューマン・ライツ・ウォッチ – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヒューマン・ライツ・ウォッチ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="Human Rights Watch" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Human Rights Watch" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E2%80%8B%E1%9E%83%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%BE%E1%9E%9B%E2%80%8B%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%92%E1%9E%B7%E2%80%8B%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F" title="អង្គការឃ្លាំមើលសិទ្ធិមនុស្ស – 高棉语" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="អង្គការឃ្លាំមើលសិទ្ធិមនុស្ស" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="高棉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%9C%B4%EB%A8%BC_%EB%9D%BC%EC%9D%B4%EC%B8%A0_%EC%9B%8C%EC%B9%98" title="휴먼 라이츠 워치 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="휴먼 라이츠 워치" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87avd%C3%AAriya_Maf%C3%AAn_Mirovan_(r%C3%AAxistin)" title="Çavdêriya Mafên Mirovan (rêxistin) – 库尔德语" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Çavdêriya Mafên Mirovan (rêxistin)" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Human Rights Watch" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Human Rights Watch" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B9%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%BA_%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8D" title="ഹ്യൂമൺ റൈറ്റ് വാച്ച് – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഹ്യൂമൺ റൈറ്റ് വാച്ച്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Human Rights Watch" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Human Rights Watch" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Human Rights Watch" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Human Rights Watch" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%8A%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%B8_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9A" title="ਹਿਊਮਨ ਰਾਈਟਸ ਵਾਚ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਹਿਊਮਨ ਰਾਈਟਸ ਵਾਚ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Human Rights Watch" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%B9%D8%B3_%D9%88%D8%A7%DA%86" title="ہیومین رائٹس واچ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ہیومین رائٹس واچ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D8%AD%D9%82%D9%88%D9%86%D9%88_%DA%85%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="د بشري حقونو څار – 普什图语" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د بشري حقونو څار" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什图语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Human Rights Watch" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Human Rights Watch" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Human Rights Watch" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch – 萨哈语" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Human Rights Watch" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="萨哈语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Human Rights Watch" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Human Rights Watch" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Human Rights Watch" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Human Rights Watch" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Human Rights Watch" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4_%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A3%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="மனித உரிமைகள் கண்காணிப்பகம் – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மனித உரிமைகள் கண்காணிப்பகம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%8C" title="ฮิวแมนไรตส์วอตช์ – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ฮิวแมนไรตส์วอตช์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0nsan_Haklar%C4%B1_%C4%B0zleme_%C3%96rg%C3%BCt%C3%BC" title="İnsan Hakları İzleme Örgütü – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İnsan Hakları İzleme Örgütü" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ke%C5%9Fe_Xoquqlar%C4%B1n_K%C3%BCz%C3%A4t%C3%BC" title="Keşe Xoquqların Küzätü – 鞑靼语" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Keşe Xoquqların Küzätü" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Human Rights Watch" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DA%AF%DB%81%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AD%D9%82%D9%88%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="نگہبان حقوق انسانی – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="نگہبان حقوق انسانی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Human Rights Watch" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%E1%BB%95_ch%E1%BB%A9c_Theo_d%C3%B5i_Nh%C3%A2n_quy%E1%BB%81n" title="Tổ chức Theo dõi Nhân quyền – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tổ chức Theo dõi Nhân quyền" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E6%9D%83%E8%A7%82%E5%AF%9F" title="人权观察 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="人权观察" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch – 约鲁巴语" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Human Rights Watch" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="约鲁巴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E6%AC%8A%E8%A7%80%E5%AF%9F" title="人權觀察 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="人權觀察" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q187052#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div 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href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%BA%E6%9D%83%E8%A7%82%E5%AF%9F&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%BA%E6%9D%83%E8%A7%82%E5%AF%9F&action=history"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 常规 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%85%A5%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/%E4%BA%BA%E6%9D%83%E8%A7%82%E5%AF%9F" title="列出所有与本页相链的页面[j]" accesskey="j"><span>链入页面</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%87%BA%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9/%E4%BA%BA%E6%9D%83%E8%A7%82%E5%AF%9F" rel="nofollow" title="页面链出所有页面的更改[k]" accesskey="k"><span>相关更改</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a 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href="/w/index.php?title=Special:URL%E7%BC%A9%E7%9F%AD%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E4%25BA%25BA%25E6%259D%2583%25E8%25A7%2582%25E5%25AF%259F"><span>获取短链接</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E4%25BA%25BA%25E6%259D%2583%25E8%25A7%2582%25E5%25AF%259F"><span>下载二维码</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 打印/导出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E4%BA%BA%E6%9D%83%E8%A7%82%E5%AF%9F&action=show-download-screen"><span>下载为PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="本页面的可打印版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>打印页面</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 在其他项目中 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Human_Rights_Watch" hreflang="en"><span>维基共享资源</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q187052" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-noteTA-5b9a11cf" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span title="本页使用了标题或全文手工转换"><img alt="本页使用了标题或全文手工转换" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/35px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/53px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/70px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><div id="noteTA-5b9a11cf" class="noteTA"><div class="noteTA-group"><div data-noteta-group-source="module" data-noteta-group="地名"></div></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732082">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">人權觀察<br />Human Rights Watch</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Hrw_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Hrw_logo.svg/220px-Hrw_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Hrw_logo.svg/330px-Hrw_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Hrw_logo.svg/440px-Hrw_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="700" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">人權觀察組織標誌</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em; width:75px;;">簡稱</th><td class="infobox-data nickname" style="">HRW</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em; width:75px;;">前身机构</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q672781" class="extiw" title="d:Q672781">赫尔辛基观察</a><abbr title="此维基尚无此条目">[*]</abbr></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em; width:75px;;">成立時間</th><td class="infobox-data note" style="">1978年</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em; width:75px;;">類型</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94" class="mw-redirect" title="非政府組織">非政府組織</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em; width:75px;;">法律地位</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q510785" class="extiw" title="d:Q510785">非营利组织</a><abbr title="此维基尚无此条目">[*]</abbr>、<a href="/wiki/501(c)(3)%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94" title="501(c)(3)組織">501(c)(3)組織</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em; width:75px;;">總部</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美国">美国</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%90%E7%B4%84%E5%B8%82" class="mw-redirect" title="紐約市">紐約市</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B%E5%A4%A7%E5%BB%88" class="mw-redirect" title="帝國大廈">帝國大廈</a>34樓</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em; width:75px;;">服务地区</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13780930" class="extiw" title="d:Q13780930">世界范围</a><abbr title="此维基尚无此条目">[*]</abbr></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em; width:75px;;"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">收入</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">70,485,098 美元 (2020年) <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187052?uselang=zh#P2139" title="编辑维基数据"><img alt="编辑维基数据" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em; width:75px;;">捐款</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">74,172,000 歐元 (2020年) <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187052?uselang=zh#P8093" title="编辑维基数据"><img alt="编辑维基数据" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em; width:75px;;">員工数</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">450 (2018年) <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187052?uselang=zh#P1128" title="编辑维基数据"><img alt="编辑维基数据" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em; width:75px;;">獎項</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E6%9D%83%E5%A5%96" title="联合国人权奖">联合国人权奖</a>、<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55064109" class="extiw" title="d:Q55064109">Theodor Heuss Award</a><abbr title="此维基尚无此条目">[*]</abbr>、<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20204999" class="extiw" title="d:Q20204999">Four Freedoms Award – Freedom from Fear</a><abbr title="此维基尚无此条目">[*]</abbr>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%BA%E8%B4%9D%E5%B0%94%E5%92%8C%E5%B9%B3%E5%A5%96" title="诺贝尔和平奖">诺贝尔和平奖</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em; width:75px;;">網站</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hrw.org/">www<wbr />.hrw<wbr />.org</a></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187052#P856" title="編輯維基數據鏈接"><img alt="編輯維基數據鏈接" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>人權觀察</b>（英文：<span lang="en"><b>H</b>uman <b>R</b>ights <b>W</b>atch</span>，缩写：<b>HRW</b>）是一個國際<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" title="非政府组织">非政府组织</a>，以調查、促進<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E6%9D%83" title="人权">人权</a>問題為宗旨，總部設在<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美国">美国</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%BD%E7%BA%A6" title="纽约">纽约</a>，另在<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E4%B8%B9" title="阿姆斯特丹">阿姆斯特丹</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%9D%E9%AD%AF%E7%89%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="貝魯特">貝魯特</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%8F%E6%9E%97" title="柏林">柏林</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E9%AD%AF%E5%A1%9E%E7%88%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="布魯塞爾">布魯塞爾</a>、 <a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%93%A5" title="芝加哥">芝加哥</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E5%85%A7%E7%93%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="日內瓦">日內瓦</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%84%E7%BF%B0%E5%85%A7%E6%96%AF%E5%A0%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="約翰內斯堡">約翰內斯堡</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%80%AB%E6%95%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="倫敦">倫敦</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%9B%E6%9D%89%E7%A3%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="洛杉磯">洛杉磯</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="東京">東京</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E9%BB%8E" title="巴黎">巴黎</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91" title="莫斯科">莫斯科</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%85%E7%BD%97%E6%AF%95" class="mw-redirect" title="内罗毕">內羅畢</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%88%8A%E9%87%91%E5%B1%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="舊金山">舊金山</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%82%89%E5%B0%BC" title="悉尼">悉尼</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E5%80%AB%E5%A4%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="多倫多">多倫多</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%AF%E7%9B%9B%E9%A0%93%E7%89%B9%E5%8D%80" class="mw-redirect" title="華盛頓特區">華盛頓特區</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E9%BB%8E%E4%B8%96" class="mw-redirect" title="蘇黎世">蘇黎世</a>均設有辦事處。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="簡介"><span id=".E7.B0.A1.E4.BB.8B"></span>簡介</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%BA%E6%9D%83%E8%A7%82%E5%AF%9F&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：簡介"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>人權觀察根據<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E4%BA%BA%E6%AC%8A%E5%AE%A3%E8%A8%80" class="mw-redirect" title="世界人權宣言">世界人權宣言</a>等廣為接受的人權標準，撰寫國際人權違反狀況的研究報告。通過國際社會對暴行的關注，進而促進政府和國際組織的改革。研究者針對可疑的境況進行取證調查，並在本地和國際媒體上刊登報導。人權觀察的報告中，凸現的問題包括<a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%AE%E6%97%8F%E6%AD%A7%E8%A6%96" title="種族歧視">種族歧視</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%80%A7%E5%88%A5%E6%AD%A7%E8%A6%96" title="性別歧視">性別歧視</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%91%E8%A8%8A%E9%80%BC%E4%BE%9B" title="刑訊逼供">刑訊逼供</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%A5%E5%85%B5" title="童兵">童兵</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E8%85%90%E6%95%97" title="政治腐敗">政治腐敗</a>、以及<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B8%E6%B3%95%E5%85%AC%E6%AD%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="司法公正">司法公正</a>問題。人權觀察記錄和報告對戰爭法和國際人權準則的違反情況。 </p><p>该组织于1978年成立，当时名为<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="赫尔辛基观察" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Helsinki Watch"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B5%AB%E5%B0%94%E8%BE%9B%E5%9F%BA%E8%A7%82%E5%AF%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="赫尔辛基观察（页面不存在）">赫尔辛基观察</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helsinki_Watch" class="extiw" title="en:Helsinki Watch"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Helsinki Watch</span></a></span>）</span></span>，为了针对<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94" title="苏联">苏联</a>对1975年《<a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%AB%E5%B0%94%E8%BE%9B%E5%9F%BA%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="赫尔辛基协议">赫尔辛基协议</a>》的获利情况。日益壮大后，该组织又以“观察委员会”的名义涉及到世界上的其他地区。1998年，所有委员会在人权观察的旗帜下统一起来。Robert L. Bernstein是该组织的创建者之一，并担任主席。 </p><p>1998年，人权观察作为六个国际非政府组织之一，参与创建了<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%88%B6%E6%AD%A2%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E7%AB%A5%E5%85%B5%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="制止使用童兵联盟（页面不存在）">制止使用童兵联盟</a>。人权观察还是<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E5%8F%8D%E5%9C%B0%E9%9B%B7%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" title="国际反地雷组织">国际反地雷组织</a>的联合主席，这个国际小组联盟的成功<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%B8%E8%AF%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="游说">游说</a>促成了《<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%A5%E5%A4%AA%E5%8D%8E%E6%9D%A1%E7%BA%A6" title="渥太华条约">渥太华条约</a>》的诞生，《渥太华条约》明文禁止杀伤性地雷（<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E6%AD%A5%E5%85%B5%E5%9C%B0%E9%9B%B7" title="反步兵地雷">反步兵地雷</a>）。 </p><p>每年，人权观察对世界各地的那些需要财政援助并且受迫害的作家提供补助金。这项援助由剧作家<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BD%E8%8E%B2%C2%B7%E6%B5%B7%E5%B0%94%E6%9B%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="丽莲·海尔曼">丽莲·海尔曼</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%97%E4%BA%A7" title="遗产">遗产</a>进行拨款，以海尔曼及其长期伴侣、小说家<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%BE%E8%AE%B8%C2%B7%E6%B1%89%E5%AF%86%E7%89%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="达许·汉密特">达许·汉密特</a>的名字命名<a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%AB%E5%B0%94%E6%9B%BC-%E5%93%88%E7%B1%B3%E7%89%B9%E5%A5%96" title="赫尔曼-哈米特奖">赫尔曼-哈米特奖</a>。除了财政支持，赫尔曼-哈米特奖还试图提升公众对<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A1%E6%9F%A5%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6" title="审查制度">审查制度</a>的关注。<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>根据<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E4%BA%BA%E6%9D%83%E5%AE%A3%E8%A8%80" title="世界人权宣言">世界人权宣言</a>，人权观察反对基本人权的侵犯，包括<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%BB%E5%88%91" title="死刑">死刑</a>、歧视<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E6%80%A7%E6%81%8B%E6%9D%83%E5%88%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="同性恋权利">同性恋</a>。人权观察鼓励将自由与基本的人权相联系，比如<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1" title="宗教自由">宗教自由</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E9%97%BB%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1" title="新闻自由">新闻自由</a>。 </p><p>人权观察是<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E8%A8%80%E8%AE%BA%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E4%BA%A4%E6%B5%81%E4%BC%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="国际言论自由交流会（页面不存在）">国际言论自由交流会</a>（International Freedom of Expression eXchange, IFEX）的创始成员。IFEX是一个<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" title="非政府组织">非政府组织</a>构成的一个全球网络，主要对世界范围内的<a href="/wiki/%E6%AA%A2%E6%9F%A5%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="檢查制度">检查制度</a>进行监督。 </p><p>人权观察有233名雇员，年预算为2600万美元。<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kenneth_Roth_at_44th_Munich_Security_Conference.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Kenneth_Roth_at_44th_Munich_Security_Conference.jpg/170px-Kenneth_Roth_at_44th_Munich_Security_Conference.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="234" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Kenneth_Roth_at_44th_Munich_Security_Conference.jpg/255px-Kenneth_Roth_at_44th_Munich_Security_Conference.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Kenneth_Roth_at_44th_Munich_Security_Conference.jpg/340px-Kenneth_Roth_at_44th_Munich_Security_Conference.jpg 2x" data-file-width="624" data-file-height="860" /></a><figcaption>肯尼思·羅斯执行董事</figcaption></figure> <p>1993年以来，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%82%AF%E5%B0%BC%E6%80%9D%C2%B7%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="肯尼思·羅斯（页面不存在）">肯尼思·羅斯</a>（Kenneth Roth）一直担任人权观察的<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%A7%E8%A1%8C%E8%91%A3%E4%BA%8B" title="执行董事">执行董事</a>。Roth毕业于<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E9%B2%81%E6%B3%95%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2" title="耶鲁法学院">耶鲁法学院</a>以及<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E6%9C%97%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="布朗大学">布朗大学</a>，他的父亲于1938年逃离<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%B3%E7%B2%B9%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="纳粹德国">纳粹德国</a>。1981年，<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0" title="波兰">波兰</a>颁布戒严令后，Roth开始从事人权工作，而后又忙于<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%9C%B0" title="海地">海地</a>问题。<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="議题与运动"><span id=".E8.AD.B0.E9.A2.98.E4.B8.8E.E8.BF.90.E5.8A.A8"></span>議题与运动</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%BA%E6%9D%83%E8%A7%82%E5%AF%9F&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：議题与运动"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732972">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output 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.ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}</style><table class="box-Prose plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-Prose" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此章节體裁或許<b>更宜作<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E6%89%8B%E5%86%8C/%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8#散文与列表" title="Wikipedia:格式手册/嵌入列表">散文</a>而非<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E6%89%8B%E5%86%8A/%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:格式手冊/列表">列表</a></b>。<span class="hide-when-compact"></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>如有餘力，请协助将此条目<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%BA%E6%9D%83%E8%A7%82%E5%AF%9F&action=edit">改写为散文</a>。<a href="/wiki/Help:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="Help:编辑页面">查看编辑帮助</a>。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%BB%E5%85%B5%E5%99%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="轻兵器">轻兵器</a>的运输</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E9%9B%B7" title="地雷">地雷</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A0%95%E8%83%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="堕胎">堕胎</a>权</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E6%80%A7%E6%81%8B%E6%9D%83%E5%88%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="同性恋权利">同性恋权利</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E6%BB%8B%E7%97%85" title="艾滋病">艾滋病</a>病人的权利</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%B3%E6%9D%83" class="mw-disambig" title="女权">女权</a></li> <li>战争中平民的安全，反对使用<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%86%E6%9D%9F%E7%82%B8%E5%BC%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="集束炸弹">集束炸弹</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%A5%E5%B7%A5" title="童工">童工</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%A5%E5%85%B5" title="童兵">童兵</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%81%E6%B5%AA%E5%85%92%E7%AB%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="流浪兒童">流浪儿童</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%8D%E6%97%8F%E7%81%AD%E7%BB%9D" title="种族灭绝">种族灭绝</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89%E7%BD%AA" title="战争罪">战争罪</a>以及<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E4%BA%BA%E7%B1%BB%E7%BD%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="反人类罪">反人类罪</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%91%E8%AE%AF%E9%80%BC%E4%BE%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="刑讯逼供">刑讯逼供</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%81%E5%88%91" title="私刑">私刑</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%91%E6%9E%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="绑架">绑架</a></li> <li>侵犯人权的<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%89%E8%AE%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="诉讼">诉讼</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B4%A9%E5%8D%96%E5%A6%87%E5%A5%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="贩卖妇女（页面不存在）">贩卖妇女</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%A9%E5%8D%96%E5%84%BF%E7%AB%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="贩卖儿童">贩卖儿童</a></li> <li>关于<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%99%E8%82%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="乙肝">乙肝</a>歧视</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="近况"><span id=".E8.BF.91.E5.86.B5"></span>近况</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%BA%E6%9D%83%E8%A7%82%E5%AF%9F&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：近况"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>人权观察批评，<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E6%97%A6" title="约旦">约旦政府</a>逮捕当选官员，仅因为这些官员在纪念<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%8B%89%E5%85%8B%E5%9F%BA%E5%9C%B0%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" class="mw-redirect" title="伊拉克基地组织">伊拉克基地组织</a>领导人<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B8%83%C2%B7%E7%A9%86%E8%90%A8%E5%B8%83%C2%B7%E6%89%8E%E5%8D%A1%E7%BB%B4" title="阿布·穆萨布·扎卡维">阿布·穆萨布·扎卡维</a>死亡的仪式上对其表示赞扬。人权观察还高调抗议在<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%8B%89%E5%85%8B%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="伊拉克总统">伊拉克总统</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E8%BE%BE%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E4%BE%AF%E8%B5%9B%E5%9B%A0" title="萨达姆·侯赛因">萨达姆·侯赛因</a>统治时期发生的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%A0%E6%9D%80" title="屠杀">屠杀</a>以及政府导致的<a href="/wiki/%E9%A5%A5%E8%8D%92" class="mw-redirect" title="饥荒">饥荒</a>。<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>2007年7月26日，人权观察通报，在<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99" title="西班牙">西班牙</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E9%82%A3%E5%88%A9%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B" title="加那利群岛">加那利群岛</a>有数百名移民儿童，状况拥挤肮脏，有可能遭管理者及其他儿童虐待。管理这些机构的加那利群岛政府发表回应声明称<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，该报告不够严谨，内部调查未能证实人权观察的发现。 </p><p>2022年3月，人权观察报告，<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E5%86%9B%E9%98%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="俄罗斯军队">俄罗斯军队</a>使用<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%86%E6%9D%9F%E7%82%B8%E5%BC%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="集束炸弹">集束炸弹</a>并命中<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E5%B0%94%E7%A7%91%E5%A4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="哈尔科夫">哈尔科夫</a>住宅区。<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 同月，人权观察与其他人权组织指控，俄罗斯军队在乌克兰犯下<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89%E7%BD%AA" title="战争罪">战争罪行</a>。<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="出版"><span id=".E5.87.BA.E7.89.88"></span>出版</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%BA%E6%9D%83%E8%A7%82%E5%AF%9F&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：出版"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>人权观察对数个主题发布报告，<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>并编译成年度报告，以展现世界各地的人权状况。 </p><p>人权观察还对1994年的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE%E5%A4%A7%E5%B1%A0%E6%9D%80" class="mw-redirect" title="卢旺达大屠杀">卢旺达大屠杀</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>以及<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%9A%E6%9E%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="刚果民主共和国">刚果民主共和国</a>的冲突<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>作了深度报告。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="与国际特赦組織的比较"><span id=".E4.B8.8E.E5.9B.BD.E9.99.85.E7.89.B9.E8.B5.A6.E7.B5.84.E7.B9.94.E7.9A.84.E6.AF.94.E8.BE.83"></span>与国际特赦組織的比较</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%BA%E6%9D%83%E8%A7%82%E5%AF%9F&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：与国际特赦組織的比较"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>人权观察和<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E7%89%B9%E8%B5%A6%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" class="mw-redirect" title="国际特赦组织">国际特赦組織</a>是仅有的两个全球范围的人权组织，反对压迫与虐待。尽管两者角色相近，却有互相补充的作用，主要不同在于组织结构以及改进措施。 </p><p>国际特赦組織拥有大量成员，该组织的主要行动通过动员成员来实施。人权观察的主要贡献是其針對人權危机的研究以及長篇报告。国际特赦組織除了進行遊說和發表詳細的個案报告外，主要通过大量會員寫信要求釋放<a href="/wiki/%E8%89%AF%E5%BF%83%E7%8A%AF" title="良心犯">良心犯</a>。人权观察则鼓励其他政府对侵犯人权者采取行动，包括公布涉嫌者名单或对某国采取制裁措施。人权观察号召对<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E4%B8%B9%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="苏丹总统">苏丹总统</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%B7%B4%E5%B8%8C%E5%B0%94" title="奥马尔·巴希尔">巴希爾</a>进行惩罚，因为其涉及<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%BE%E5%B0%94%E5%AF%8C%E5%B0%94%E5%86%B2%E7%AA%81" class="mw-redirect" title="达尔富尔冲突">达尔富尔冲突</a>的人道灾难。 </p><p>人权观察的文档，通常包括当地冲突地区的政治、历史背景分析，有些甚至发表在学术期刊上。而国际特赦組織的报告分析较少，直接关注于侵犯人权的个案。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="批评"><span id=".E6.89.B9.E8.AF.84"></span>批评</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%BA%E6%9D%83%E8%A7%82%E5%AF%9F&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：批评"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r85099211">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%B9%E4%BA%BA%E6%9D%83%E8%A7%82%E5%AF%9F%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87%E7%9A%84%E6%89%B9%E8%AF%84" title="对人权观察组织的批评">對人權觀察组织的批評</a></div> <p>部分人士批评人权观察政治性的反西方、反華或<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="反伊斯蘭">反伊斯兰</a>，而还有一部分人士则批评人权观察支持西方、支持伊斯兰。一份<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%8F%8A" title="埃及">埃及</a>出版物的报告中提到，“政府经常指责：人权组织（包括人权观察）引入西方<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E7%A8%8B%E8%A1%A8" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="日程表">日程表</a>，从而冒犯了当地的宗教、文化价值观。”<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="中华人民共和国政府">中华人民共和国政府</a>认为，人权观察在介绍<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E6%9D%83" title="中华人民共和国人权">中华人民共和国人權</a>时过于偏颇、以至于有某种“政治偏见”：例如人权观察曾发表对<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="西藏">西藏</a>的言论，批评称政府劝诱藏民从「贫穷而稳定」的生活转向现代经济条件下的不稳定生活，称政府诱使西藏人进入水泥房居住，但还是得到人权组织（包括人权观察）的强烈抨击，这种批评带有明显的政治偏见<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。人權觀察表示，大規模強制遷移多方面嚴重違反人權，包括違反居民意願、補償過低、新屋質量太差、居民對錯誤缺乏上訴管道、居民對強制遷移政策沒有發言權<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>2008年，人權觀察公布一份報告《查維茲執政的十年》（A Decade Under Chávez）抨擊<a href="/wiki/%E5%A7%94%E5%85%A7%E7%91%9E%E6%8B%89" title="委內瑞拉">委內瑞拉</a>在<a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E6%88%88%C2%B7%E6%9F%A5%E7%B6%AD%E8%8C%B2" title="烏戈·查維茲">烏戈·查維茲</a>統治下的人權狀況，上百名學者專家連署抗議報告內容充滿扭曲與醜化，連署者包括被稱為「美國良心」的<a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%BE%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E6%9D%AD%E5%A3%AB%E5%9F%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="諾姆·杭士基">諾姆·杭士基</a>。<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>2014年1月初，人權觀察出版第24本年度世界人權報告，其中有關委內瑞拉的篇幅僅有六頁，卻被找出30個公然說謊、扭曲與省略之處<sup id="cite_ref-人權觀察組織對委內瑞拉的認知誤導_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-人權觀察組織對委內瑞拉的認知誤導-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>2014年5月12日，<a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%BE%E8%B2%9D%E7%88%BE%E5%92%8C%E5%B9%B3%E7%8D%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="諾貝爾和平獎">諾貝爾和平獎</a>得主<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%81%93%E5%BC%97%C2%B7%E4%BD%A9%E9%9B%B7%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%9F%83%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94" title="阿道弗·佩雷斯·埃斯基维尔">阿道弗·佩雷斯·埃斯基維爾</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%85%E9%87%8C%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E7%A7%91%E9%9B%B7%E6%A0%B9%C2%B7%E9%BA%A5%E5%A5%8E%E7%88%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="梅里德·科雷根·麥奎爾">梅里德·科雷根·麥奎爾</a>寄了一封抗議信《關閉給美國政府的旋轉門》（Close Your Revolving Door to U.S. Government）給人權觀察，這封抗議信一共獲得131名學者專家連署，批評人權觀察成員與<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="美國政府">美國政府</a>之間有著複雜且密切的關係，且批評人權觀察對於各國的人權標準經常與美國政府的外交政策及外交利益保持一致，認為這些現象已經損害人權觀察的獨立性與<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E4%BF%A1%E5%8A%9B" title="公信力">公信力</a><sup id="cite_ref-人權觀察組織對委內瑞拉的認知誤導_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-人權觀察組織對委內瑞拉的認知誤導-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-人權觀察遭人權工作者抗議_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-人權觀察遭人權工作者抗議-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。2014年6月3日，人權觀察網站刊登執行董事肯尼思·羅斯的公開信，條列了人權觀察近年來針對美國所撰寫的十餘項人權報告，內容包括譴責<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E6%83%85%E5%A0%B1%E5%B1%80" class="mw-redirect" title="美國中央情報局">美國中央情報局</a>、批評<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E6%81%90%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="反恐战争">反恐戰爭</a>、關心囚犯人權等等，表示人權觀察同樣關注美國政府侵害人權的行徑，並未偏袒美國；但羅斯承認，人權觀察董事會成員34人及諮詢委員200多人中，確實有部分人士曾經任職於美國政府，但人權觀察謹慎確保成員過去的工作關係不影響人權觀察的工作內容，以維護人權觀察的公正性<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>2014年5月，人權觀察公布一份報告《懲罰抗議》（Punished for Protesting），報告指委內瑞拉的反政府抗議者正面臨政府「系統性的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%B5%E6%AC%8A%E8%A1%8C%E7%82%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="侵權行為">侵權行為</a>」，並認為委內瑞拉安全部隊涉嫌對抗議人士<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%91%E6%B1%82" class="mw-redirect" title="刑求">刑求</a>，並認為委內瑞拉司法體系忽略並容許這些現象存在。2014年6月26日，數十名人權行動者在紐約發起一場小規模抗議，從《<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%90%E7%B4%84%E6%99%82%E5%A0%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="紐約時報">紐約時報</a>》辦公室前遊行到<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B%E5%A4%A7%E5%BB%88" class="mw-redirect" title="帝國大廈">帝國大廈</a>人權觀察總部門口抗議，抨擊《紐約時報》與人權觀察長期自甘於擔任美國政府及美國中央情報局的工具，特別是近年來扮演攻擊與抹黑委內瑞拉政府的角色，不譴責美國政府涉入程度不一的<a href="/wiki/2004%E5%B9%B4%E6%B5%B7%E5%9C%B0%E6%94%BF%E8%AE%8A" title="2004年海地政變">2004年海地政變</a>、<a href="/wiki/2009%E5%B9%B4%E5%AE%8F%E9%83%BD%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%8B%E6%94%BF%E8%AE%8A" title="2009年宏都拉斯軍事政變">2009年宏都拉斯軍事政變</a>等侵害人權的重大事件；同時批評，人權觀察對委內瑞拉政府的譴責，主要來自委內瑞拉反對派未經證實的說法以及<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B7%E7%AB%A0%E5%8F%96%E7%BE%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="斷章取義">斷章取義</a>的例子，忽視或正當化委內瑞拉反對派各種有計畫的暴力行為。人權觀察拒絕派員接受抗議者遞交的抗議信<sup id="cite_ref-人權觀察遭人權工作者抗議_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-人權觀察遭人權工作者抗議-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>2014年6月8日，美國<a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="社會主義">社會主義</a>雜誌《<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E5%90%84%E5%AE%BE%E6%9D%82%E5%BF%97" class="mw-redirect" title="雅各宾杂志">雅各賓雜誌</a>》刊登文章《人權觀察的旋轉門》（Human Rights Watch's Revolving Door），揭發人權觀察成員與美國政府官員的關係，質疑此種關係是人權觀察對<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2" title="拉丁美洲">拉丁美洲</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A6%E6%B4%BE%E5%92%8C%E5%8F%B3%E6%B4%BE" title="左派和右派">左派和右派</a>政府採取差別對待的原因。2014年6月11日，美國網路媒體《Democracy Now!》邀請人權觀察發言人與《關閉給美國政府的旋轉門》主要草擬人同台辯論，人權觀察拒絕。2014年7月8日，阿道弗·佩雷斯·埃斯基維爾等人發表文章《人權觀察拒絕砍斷美國政府的紐帶諾貝爾和平獎得主出手重擊》（Nobel Peace Laureates Slam Human Rights Watch's Refusal to Cut Ties to U.S. Government），要求人權觀察認真並嚴正面對外界質疑，並要求人權觀察立即將前<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%A4%A7%E8%A5%BF%E6%B4%8B%E5%85%AC%E7%B4%84%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94" class="mw-redirect" title="北大西洋公約組織">北大西洋公約組織</a>秘書長從其董事會除名；人權觀察完全不予回應<sup id="cite_ref-人權觀察組織對委內瑞拉的認知誤導_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-人權觀察組織對委內瑞拉的認知誤導-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>2016年6月29日，美国非营利组织<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%8F%E6%98%8E%E5%8C%96%E5%80%A1%E8%AE%AE" title="透明化倡议">“透明化倡议”</a>发布2016年度全球200家<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%BA%E5%BA%93" class="mw-redirect" title="智库">智库</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%8A%E8%AA%AA%E5%9C%98%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="遊說團體">游说团体</a>财务透明度评估报告，报告所列43家美国智库及游说团体中，人权观察与<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%92%8C%E5%B9%B3%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%89%80" title="美国和平研究所">美国和平研究所</a>並列“两星级”，<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%80%E6%94%BE%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%9F%BA%E9%87%91%E4%BC%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="开放社会基金会">开放社会基金会</a>连续第三年垫底（没有星级）；而人权观察与美国和平研究所都在官网上列出全部或大部分捐款人姓名，但很少或没有提供财务信息。人权观察发言人埃玛·戴利（Emma Daly）说，更详细的信息发布于人权观察纸版年度报告，“绝大部分对外公开”，“我们之所以没有在网上公开，是因为许多捐款人、尤其是年龄大的捐款人不希望我们这样”<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>2019年12月2日，<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4%E9%83%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="中華人民共和國外交部">中華人民共和國外交部</a>因應美國正式將《<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%AC%8A%E8%88%87%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E6%B3%95%E6%A1%88" class="mw-redirect" title="香港人權與民主法案">香港人權與民主法案</a>》納入美國法律，宣布制裁人權觀察，並批評人權觀察為<a href="/wiki/%E5%A2%83%E5%A4%96%E5%8F%8D%E5%8D%8E%E5%8A%BF%E5%8A%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="境外反华势力">境外反華勢力</a>、於<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E4%BF%AE%E4%BE%8B%E9%A2%A8%E6%B3%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="反修例風波">反修例風波</a>中「表現惡劣」<sup id="cite_ref-报道0104B_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-报道0104B-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。2020年1月12日，人权组织发布信息说，该组织执行长<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="肯尼思·罗斯" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Kenneth Roth"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%82%AF%E5%B0%BC%E6%80%9D%C2%B7%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="肯尼思·罗斯（页面不存在）">肯尼思·罗斯</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_Roth" class="extiw" title="en:Kenneth Roth"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Kenneth Roth</span></a></span>）</span></span>被香港当局禁止入境<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>2020年8月10日，中華人民共和國外交部宣佈對11名美國國會議員及民間人士實施制裁，當中包括人权观察執行長肯尼思·羅斯；羅斯在推特發文：“我要說清楚，我驕傲的所謂‘極壞行為’是為香港人民發聲，他們抵抗北京壓迫他們的自由。”<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>2021年3月1日，<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8D%E6%97%A6%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="复旦大学">复旦大学</a>国际关系与公共事务学院教授<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%88%E9%80%B8" title="沈逸">沈逸</a>表示，人权观察和其他类似组织存在三个最大的问题：“首先，该组织所倡导的人权是工具性的：它只服务于该组织以及美国外交政策和战略背后的力量。其次，该组织对人权的理解是有缺陷的：他们认为，其他国家应该无条件学习<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="美国政治制度">美国政治制度</a>，而不考虑其他国家政治、经济和社会发展的利益。第三，该组织已不再是<a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%BB%E5%8C%96%E7%9F%B3" title="活化石">活化石</a>，而是<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%8C%E5%86%B7%E6%88%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="後冷戰">后冷战</a>世界的<a href="/wiki/%E5%83%B5%E5%B0%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="僵尸">僵尸</a>；换句话说，它的人权理念在实践中已经破产，它已经死了。”<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>2021年7月23日，中華人民共和國外交部宣布，对包括人权观察中國部主任<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B4%A2%E8%8F%B2%C2%B7%E7%90%86%E6%9F%A5%E6%A3%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="索菲·理查森（页面不存在）">索菲·理查森</a>在內的6人1實體實施制裁。 </p><p>2024年1月，<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4%E9%83%A8" title="越南外交部">越南外交部</a>發言人<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8C%83%E7%A7%8B%E6%81%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="范秋恆（页面不存在）">范秋恆</a>表示，人權觀察《2024世界人權報告》使用「黑暗」一詞片面評論<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%BA%E6%AC%8A" title="越南人權">越南人權</a>，是「惡意誹謗和偏見指控，圖謀破壞越南經濟社會發展、分裂越南與國際社會」。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参见"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.A7.81"></span>参见</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%BA%E6%9D%83%E8%A7%82%E5%AF%9F&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：参见"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E7%89%B9%E8%B5%A6%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" class="mw-redirect" title="国际特赦组织">国际特赦组织</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E4%B9%8B%E5%AE%B6" title="自由之家">自由之家</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E6%9D%83" title="人权">人权</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="注释"><span id=".E6.B3.A8.E9.87.8A"></span>注释</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%BA%E6%9D%83%E8%A7%82%E5%AF%9F&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：注释"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hrw.org/about/info/helham.html">Hellman-Hammett Grants</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20200808163346/http://www.hrw.org/about/info/helham.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）,Human Rights Watch</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hrw.org/donations/finance.htm">Financial statement</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20200805113531/http://www.hrw.org/donations/finance.htm">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）,Human Rights Watch</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hrw.org/about/bios/kroth.htm">Kenneth Roth Bio</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20070111132456/http://hrw.org/about/bios/kroth.htm">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）,Human Rights Watch</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hrw.org/doc?t=mideast&c=iraq&document_limit=260,20">中东和北非</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20200805113631/http://www.hrw.org/doc?t=mideast&c=iraq&document_limit=260,20">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）（英文），人权观察</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iht.com/articles/2007/07/26/asia/abuse.php">人权观察称移民儿童在加那利群岛状况堪忧</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20080720015836/http://www.iht.com/articles/2007/07/26/asia/abuse.php">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）（英文），International Herald Tribune</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220329231853/https://www.hrw.org/zh-hans/news/2022/03/04/ukraine-cluster-munitions-launched-kharkiv-neighborhoods">乌克兰：集束弹药击中哈尔科夫住宅区</a>. Human Rights Watch. 2022-03-04 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2022-03-30</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hrw.org/zh-hans/news/2022/03/04/ukraine-cluster-munitions-launched-kharkiv-neighborhoods">原始内容</a>存档于2022-03-29） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文（简体）网页">（中文（简体））</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BA%BA%E6%9D%83%E8%A7%82%E5%AF%9F&rft.atitle=%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%EF%BC%9A%E9%9B%86%E6%9D%9F%E5%BC%B9%E8%8D%AF%E5%87%BB%E4%B8%AD%E5%93%88%E5%B0%94%E7%A7%91%E5%A4%AB%E4%BD%8F%E5%AE%85%E5%8C%BA&rft.date=2022-03-04&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Human+Rights+Watch&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Fzh-hans%2Fnews%2F2022%2F03%2F04%2Fukraine-cluster-munitions-launched-kharkiv-neighborhoods&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220511051255/https://www.dw.com/zh/%E4%BA%BA%E6%9D%83%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87%E4%BF%84%E5%86%9B%E5%9C%A8%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E7%8A%AF%E4%B8%8B%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89%E7%BD%AA%E8%A1%8C/a-61294736">人权组织：俄军在乌克兰犯下战争罪行</a>. 德國之聲中文網. 2022-03-29 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2022-03-30</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dw.com/zh/%E4%BA%BA%E6%9D%83%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87%E4%BF%84%E5%86%9B%E5%9C%A8%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E7%8A%AF%E4%B8%8B%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89%E7%BD%AA%E8%A1%8C/a-61294736">原始内容</a>存档于2022-05-11） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文（中国大陆）网页">（中文（中国大陆））</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BA%BA%E6%9D%83%E8%A7%82%E5%AF%9F&rft.atitle=%E4%BA%BA%E6%9D%83%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87%EF%BC%9A%E4%BF%84%E5%86%9B%E5%9C%A8%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E7%8A%AF%E4%B8%8B%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89%E7%BD%AA%E8%A1%8C&rft.date=2022-03-29&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B%E4%B9%8B%E8%81%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87%E7%B6%B2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fzh%2F%25E4%25BA%25BA%25E6%259D%2583%25E7%25BB%2584%25E7%25BB%2587%25E4%25BF%2584%25E5%2586%259B%25E5%259C%25A8%25E4%25B9%258C%25E5%2585%258B%25E5%2585%25B0%25E7%258A%25AF%25E4%25B8%258B%25E6%2588%2598%25E4%25BA%2589%25E7%25BD%25AA%25E8%25A1%258C%2Fa-61294736&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hrw.org/doc/?t=pubs">人权观察的出版物</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2010-09-23</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200805113551/https://www.hrw.org/doc/?t=pubs">存档</a>于2020-08-05）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BA%BA%E6%9D%83%E8%A7%82%E5%AF%9F&rft.btitle=%E4%BA%BA%E6%9D%83%E8%A7%82%E5%AF%9F%E7%9A%84%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%89%A9&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhrw.org%2Fdoc%2F%3Ft%3Dpubs&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hrw.org/doc?t=africa&c=rwanda">卢旺达大屠杀报告</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20040113061428/http://hrw.org/doc?t=africa&c=rwanda">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）（英文），人权观察</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hrw.org/doc?t=africa&c=congo">刚果报告</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20040113094658/http://hrw.org/doc?t=africa&c=congo">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>），人权观察</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2004/680/eg9.htm">Not just the Queen Boat: HRW is asking the Egyptian government to stop persecuting homosexuals and commit to reform</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2008-05-02</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121012175557/http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2004/680/eg9.htm">存档</a>于2012-10-12）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BA%BA%E6%9D%83%E8%A7%82%E5%AF%9F&rft.btitle=Not+just+the+Queen+Boat%3A+HRW+is+asking+the+Egyptian+government+to+stop+persecuting+homosexuals+and+commit+to+reform&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweekly.ahram.org.eg%2F2004%2F680%2Feg9.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120129063316/http://news.163.com/12/0127/01/7OO62G6B00014AED.html">人民日报驳人权指责：给老百姓盖房不侵犯人权</a>. 2012-01-27 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2015-06-05</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.163.com/12/0127/01/7OO62G6B00014AED.html">原始内容</a>存档于2012-01-29）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BA%BA%E6%9D%83%E8%A7%82%E5%AF%9F&rft.atitle=%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E6%97%A5%E6%8A%A5%E9%A9%B3%E4%BA%BA%E6%9D%83%E6%8C%87%E8%B4%A3%EF%BC%9A%E7%BB%99%E8%80%81%E7%99%BE%E5%A7%93%E7%9B%96%E6%88%BF%E4%B8%8D%E4%BE%B5%E7%8A%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%9D%83&rft.date=2012-01-27&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.163.com%2F12%2F0127%2F01%2F7OO62G6B00014AED.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cn.wsj.com/big5/20130628/BRF101719_comments.shtml">外媒報道駱家輝罕見訪問西藏</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2013-06-28</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140714221307/http://cn.wsj.com/big5/20130628/BRF101719_comments.shtml">存档</a>于2014-07-14）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BA%BA%E6%9D%83%E8%A7%82%E5%AF%9F&rft.btitle=%E5%A4%96%E5%AA%92%E5%A0%B1%E9%81%93%E9%A7%B1%E5%AE%B6%E8%BC%9D%E7%BD%95%E8%A6%8B%E8%A8%AA%E5%95%8F%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcn.wsj.com%2Fbig5%2F20130628%2FBRF101719_comments.shtml&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hrw.org/news/2013/06/27/china-end-involuntary-rehousing-relocation-tibetans"><i>China: End Involuntary Rehousing, Relocation of Tibetans-Lack of Consultation Violates Human Rights, Undermines Culture</i></a>. 人權觀察. 2013-06-27 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2015-06-05</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210204143739/https://www.hrw.org/news/2013/06/27/china-end-involuntary-rehousing-relocation-tibetans">存档</a>于2021-02-04）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BA%BA%E6%9D%83%E8%A7%82%E5%AF%9F&rft.btitle=China%3A+End+Involuntary+Rehousing%2C+Relocation+of+Tibetans-Lack+of+Consultation+Violates+Human+Rights%2C+Undermines+Culture&rft.date=2013-06-27&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E4%BA%BA%E6%AC%8A%E8%A7%80%E5%AF%9F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Fnews%2F2013%2F06%2F27%2Fchina-end-involuntary-rehousing-relocation-tibetans&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ipsnews.net/2008/12/venezuela-human-rights-watch-report-under-fire/">VENEZUELA: Human Rights Watch Report Under Fire</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2015-06-05</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210204143721/http://www.ipsnews.net/2008/12/venezuela-human-rights-watch-report-under-fire/">存档</a>于2021-02-04）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BA%BA%E6%9D%83%E8%A7%82%E5%AF%9F&rft.btitle=VENEZUELA%3A+Human+Rights+Watch+Report+Under+Fire&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ipsnews.net%2F2008%2F12%2Fvenezuela-human-rights-watch-report-under-fire%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-人權觀察組織對委內瑞拉的認知誤導-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-人權觀察組織對委內瑞拉的認知誤導_16-0"><sup><b>16.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-人權觀察組織對委內瑞拉的認知誤導_16-1"><sup><b>16.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-人權觀察組織對委內瑞拉的認知誤導_16-2"><sup><b>16.2</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">馮建三. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://global.udn.com/global_vision/story/8663/2643726">美國打手？「人權觀察組織」對委內瑞拉的認知誤導</a>. 轉角國際 (<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E%E7%B6%B2" title="聯合新聞網">聯合新聞網</a>). 2017-08-16 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2021-03-06</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210423075835/https://global.udn.com/global_vision/story/8663/2643726">存档</a>于2021-04-23）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BA%BA%E6%9D%83%E8%A7%82%E5%AF%9F&rft.atitle=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E6%89%93%E6%89%8B%EF%BC%9F%E3%80%8C%E4%BA%BA%E6%AC%8A%E8%A7%80%E5%AF%9F%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94%E3%80%8D%E5%B0%8D%E5%A7%94%E5%85%A7%E7%91%9E%E6%8B%89%E7%9A%84%E8%AA%8D%E7%9F%A5%E8%AA%A4%E5%B0%8E&rft.au=%E9%A6%AE%E5%BB%BA%E4%B8%89&rft.date=2017-08-16&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%E8%BD%89%E8%A7%92%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglobal.udn.com%2Fglobal_vision%2Fstory%2F8663%2F2643726&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.alternet.org/2014/05/nobel-peace-laureates-human-rights-watch-close-your-revolving-door-us-government/">Nobel Peace Laureates to Human Rights Watch: Close Your Revolving Door to U.S. Government</a>. AlterNet. 2014-05-08 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2021-03-07</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191112160052/https://www.alternet.org/2014/05/nobel-peace-laureates-human-rights-watch-close-your-revolving-door-us-government/">存档</a>于2019-11-12）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BA%BA%E6%9D%83%E8%A7%82%E5%AF%9F&rft.atitle=Nobel+Peace+Laureates+to+Human+Rights+Watch%3A+Close+Your+Revolving+Door+to+U.S.+Government&rft.date=2014-05-08&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AlterNet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.alternet.org%2F2014%2F05%2Fnobel-peace-laureates-human-rights-watch-close-your-revolving-door-us-government%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-人權觀察遭人權工作者抗議-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-人權觀察遭人權工作者抗議_18-0"><sup><b>18.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-人權觀察遭人權工作者抗議_18-1"><sup><b>18.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">徐沛然. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.coolloud.org.tw/node/79457">「人權觀察」遭人權工作者抗議再思國際政治下的人權話語</a>. <a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%A6%E5%8B%9E%E7%B6%B2" title="苦勞網">苦勞網</a>. 2014-07-28 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-08-02</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210215080639/https://www.coolloud.org.tw/node/79457">存档</a>于2021-02-15）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BA%BA%E6%9D%83%E8%A7%82%E5%AF%9F&rft.atitle=%E3%80%8C%E4%BA%BA%E6%AC%8A%E8%A7%80%E5%AF%9F%E3%80%8D%E9%81%AD%E4%BA%BA%E6%AC%8A%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%E8%80%85%E6%8A%97%E8%AD%B0+%E5%86%8D%E6%80%9D%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E4%B8%8B%E7%9A%84%E4%BA%BA%E6%AC%8A%E8%A9%B1%E8%AA%9E&rft.au=%E5%BE%90%E6%B2%9B%E7%84%B6&rft.date=2014-07-28&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%E8%8B%A6%E5%8B%9E%E7%B6%B2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.coolloud.org.tw%2Fnode%2F79457&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">人權觀察. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.coolloud.org.tw/node/79465">Letter to Nobel Laureates</a>. 苦勞網. 2014-06-03 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span 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2016-06-30 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2021-03-07</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210307192606/http://www.xinhuanet.com//world/2016-06/30/c_129104725.htm">存档</a>于2021-03-07）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BA%BA%E6%9D%83%E8%A7%82%E5%AF%9F&rft.atitle=%E8%BF%99%E4%BA%9B%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E2%80%9C%E4%BA%BA%E6%9D%83%E5%9B%A2%E4%BD%93%E2%80%9D%E8%B5%84%E9%87%91%E6%98%AF%E4%B8%8D%E9%80%8F%E6%98%8E%E7%9A%84%EF%BC%81&rft.au=%E8%83%A1%E8%8B%A5%E6%84%9A&rft.date=2016-06-30&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%E6%96%B0%E5%8D%8E%E7%BD%91&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.xinhuanet.com%2F%2Fworld%2F2016-06%2F30%2Fc_129104725.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-报道0104B-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-报道0104B_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">肖新新. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.jcrb.com/jszx/201912/t20191203_2084292.html">外交部宣布对美有关非政府组织进行制裁</a>. 人民日报. 北京. 2019-12-03 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2020-01-04</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210115090207/http://news.jcrb.com/jszx/201912/t20191203_2084292.html">存档</a>于2021-01-15） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文（中国大陆）网页">（中文（中国大陆））</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BA%BA%E6%9D%83%E8%A7%82%E5%AF%9F&rft.atitle=%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4%E9%83%A8%E5%AE%A3%E5%B8%83%E5%AF%B9%E7%BE%8E%E6%9C%89%E5%85%B3%E9%9D%9E%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87%E8%BF%9B%E8%A1%8C%E5%88%B6%E8%A3%81&rft.au=%E8%82%96%E6%96%B0%E6%96%B0&rft.date=2019-12-03&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E6%97%A5%E6%8A%A5&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.jcrb.com%2Fjszx%2F201912%2Ft20191203_2084292.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inews.hket.com/article/2510964">【香港人權與民主法案】中國制裁反擊人權觀察是甚麼組織？</a>. <a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E6%97%A5%E5%A0%B1" title="香港經濟日報">香港經濟日報</a>即時新聞. 2019-12-02 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2019-12-02</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210204143737/https://inews.hket.com/article/2510964">存档</a>于2021-02-04）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BA%BA%E6%9D%83%E8%A7%82%E5%AF%9F&rft.atitle=%E3%80%90%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%AC%8A%E8%88%87%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E6%B3%95%E6%A1%88%E3%80%91%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%88%B6%E8%A3%81%E5%8F%8D%E6%93%8A+%E4%BA%BA%E6%AC%8A%E8%A7%80%E5%AF%9F%E6%98%AF%E7%94%9A%E9%BA%BC%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94%EF%BC%9F&rft.date=2019-12-02&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E6%97%A5%E5%A0%B1%E5%8D%B3%E6%99%82%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finews.hket.com%2Farticle%2F2510964&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/web/fyrbt_673021/t1720844.shtml">2019年12月2日外交部发言人华春莹主持例行记者会</a>. 中华人民共和国外交部. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2019-12-02</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191202200505/https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/web/fyrbt_673021/t1720844.shtml">存档</a>于2019-12-02）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BA%BA%E6%9D%83%E8%A7%82%E5%AF%9F&rft.atitle=2019%E5%B9%B412%E6%9C%882%E6%97%A5%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4%E9%83%A8%E5%8F%91%E8%A8%80%E4%BA%BA%E5%8D%8E%E6%98%A5%E8%8E%B9%E4%B8%BB%E6%8C%81%E4%BE%8B%E8%A1%8C%E8%AE%B0%E8%80%85%E4%BC%9A&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4%E9%83%A8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fmprc.gov.cn%2Fweb%2Ffyrbt_673021%2Ft1720844.shtml&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rfi.fr/cn/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD/20200112-%E4%BA%BA%E6%9D%83%E8%A7%82%E5%AF%9F%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87%E6%89%A7%E8%A1%8C%E9%95%BF%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E8%A2%AB%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E5%BD%93%E5%B1%80%E7%A6%81%E6%AD%A2%E5%85%A5%E5%A2%83">“人权观察”组织执行长罗斯被香港当局禁止入境</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2020-01-13</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210204143805/https://www.rfi.fr/cn/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD/20200112-%E4%BA%BA%E6%9D%83%E8%A7%82%E5%AF%9F%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87%E6%89%A7%E8%A1%8C%E9%95%BF%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E8%A2%AB%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E5%BD%93%E5%B1%80%E7%A6%81%E6%AD%A2%E5%85%A5%E5%A2%83">存档</a>于2021-02-04）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BA%BA%E6%9D%83%E8%A7%82%E5%AF%9F&rft.btitle=%E2%80%9C%E4%BA%BA%E6%9D%83%E8%A7%82%E5%AF%9F%E2%80%9D%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87%E6%89%A7%E8%A1%8C%E9%95%BF%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E8%A2%AB%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E5%BD%93%E5%B1%80%E7%A6%81%E6%AD%A2%E5%85%A5%E5%A2%83&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rfi.fr%2Fcn%2F%25E4%25B8%25AD%25E5%259B%25BD%2F20200112-%25E4%25BA%25BA%25E6%259D%2583%25E8%25A7%2582%25E5%25AF%259F%25E7%25BB%2584%25E7%25BB%2587%25E6%2589%25A7%25E8%25A1%258C%25E9%2595%25BF%25E7%25BD%2597%25E6%2596%25AF%25E8%25A2%25AB%25E9%25A6%2599%25E6%25B8%25AF%25E5%25BD%2593%25E5%25B1%2580%25E7%25A6%2581%25E6%25AD%25A2%25E5%2585%25A5%25E5%25A2%2583&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.voacantonese.com/a/china-sanction-us-ngo-executives-20200810/5538592.html">聲援香港遭制裁美國非政府組織稱北京做法是“軟弱的表現”</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2020-08-12</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200815153121/https://www.voacantonese.com/a/china-sanction-us-ngo-executives-20200810/5538592.html">存档</a>于2020-08-15）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BA%BA%E6%9D%83%E8%A7%82%E5%AF%9F&rft.btitle=%E8%81%B2%E6%8F%B4%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E9%81%AD%E5%88%B6%E8%A3%81+%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9D%9E%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94%E7%A8%B1%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%81%9A%E6%B3%95%E6%98%AF%E2%80%9C%E8%BB%9F%E5%BC%B1%E7%9A%84%E8%A1%A8%E7%8F%BE%E2%80%9D&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.voacantonese.com%2Fa%2Fchina-sanction-us-ngo-executives-20200810%2F5538592.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">GT staff reporters. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.marstranslator.com/f/zh-CN/37070/gt-investigates-is-human-rights-watch-impartial-ngo-us-p">GT investigates: Is Human Rights Watch an impartial NGO or a US post-Cold War zombie?</a>. <a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%AF%E7%90%83%E6%97%B6%E6%8A%A5" title="环球时报">环球时报</a>英文版. 2021-03-02 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2021-03-07</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210423081220/http://www.marstranslator.com/f/zh-CN/37070/gt-investigates-is-human-rights-watch-impartial-ngo-us-p">存档</a>于2021-04-23）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BA%BA%E6%9D%83%E8%A7%82%E5%AF%9F&rft.atitle=GT+investigates%3A+Is+Human+Rights+Watch+an+impartial+NGO+or+a+US+post-Cold+War+zombie%3F&rft.au=GT+staff+reporters&rft.date=2021-03-02&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%E7%8E%AF%E7%90%83%E6%97%B6%E6%8A%A5%E8%8B%B1%E6%96%87%E7%89%88&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.marstranslator.com%2Ff%2Fzh-CN%2F37070%2Fgt-investigates-is-human-rights-watch-impartial-ngo-us-p&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">redred one（翻譯）. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.marstranslator.com/f/zh-CN/37070/gt-investigates-is-human-rights-watch-impartial-ngo-us-p">GT调查：人权观察是一个公正的非政府组织还是美国冷战后的僵尸？</a>. 火星译客. 2021-03-05 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2021-03-07</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210423081220/http://www.marstranslator.com/f/zh-CN/37070/gt-investigates-is-human-rights-watch-impartial-ngo-us-p">存档</a>于2021-04-23）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BA%BA%E6%9D%83%E8%A7%82%E5%AF%9F&rft.atitle=GT%E8%B0%83%E6%9F%A5%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E6%9D%83%E8%A7%82%E5%AF%9F%E6%98%AF%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%AA%E5%85%AC%E6%AD%A3%E7%9A%84%E9%9D%9E%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87%E8%BF%98%E6%98%AF%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%86%B7%E6%88%98%E5%90%8E%E7%9A%84%E5%83%B5%E5%B0%B8%EF%BC%9F&rft.au=redred+one%EF%BC%88%E7%BF%BB%E8%AD%AF%EF%BC%89&rft.date=2021-03-05&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%E7%81%AB%E6%98%9F%E8%AF%91%E5%AE%A2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.marstranslator.com%2Ff%2Fzh-CN%2F37070%2Fgt-investigates-is-human-rights-watch-impartial-ngo-us-p&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部链接"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.93.BE.E6.8E.A5"></span>外部链接</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%BA%E6%9D%83%E8%A7%82%E5%AF%9F&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：外部链接"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655521">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%AB%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90" title="维基共享资源">维基共享资源</a>上的相关多媒体资源：<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Human_Rights_Watch" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Human Rights Watch"><span style="font-weight:bold;">人权观察</span></a></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hrw.org/zh-hans">人权观察组织</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210210104012/http://www.hrw.org/zh-hans">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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aria-labelledby="-&#123;zh-cn:规范控制;zh-tw:權威控制;&#125;--&#123;zh-cn:数据库;zh-tw:資料庫&#125;-_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=編輯維基數據鏈接&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187052#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;編輯維基數據鏈接" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="-&#123;zh-cn:规范控制;zh-tw:權威控制;&#125;--&#123;zh-cn:数据库;zh-tw:資料庫&#125;-_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=編輯維基數據鏈接&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187052#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;編輯維基數據鏈接" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E8%A7%84%E8%8C%83%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6" title="Help:规范控制">规范控制数据库</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187052#identifiers" title="編輯維基數據鏈接"><img alt="編輯維基數據鏈接" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">国际</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000114267863">ISNI</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/309563566">VIAF</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">各地</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90706738">挪威</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb125448129">法国</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb125448129">BnF data</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058507564206706">加泰罗尼亚</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1220965-X">德国</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007262946505171">以色列</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n88622031">美国</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000000798&P_CON_LNG=ENG">拉脱维亚</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00959990">日本</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Human Rights Watch (organizace)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ko2007376541&CON_LNG=ENG">捷克</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35345361">澳大利亚</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000254586&local_base=nsk10">克罗地亚</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810559550105606">波兰</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">学术</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA08411020?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">艺术家</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.moma.org/artists/49897">现代艺术博物馆</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/034724095">IdRef</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">检索自“<a dir="ltr" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=人权观察&oldid=84553122">https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=人权观察&oldid=84553122</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a 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