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class="xfel-drawer-navigation xfel-drawer-navigation--level-2 xfel-typography--drawer-subnavigation"> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/leadership/council/index_eng.html">Council</a> <ul class="xfel-drawer-navigation--level-3 xfel-drawer-navigation xfel-typography--drawer-subnavigation"> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/leadership/council/council_meetings/index_eng.html">Council meetings</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/leadership/council/council_written_procedures/index_eng.html">Council written procedures</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/leadership/council/council_working_groups/index_eng.html">Council working groups</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/leadership/council/basic_documents/index_eng.html">Basic documents</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/leadership/council/isc_predecessor_of_the_council/index_eng.html">ISC (Predecessor of the Council)</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/leadership/management_board/index_eng.html">Management Board</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/leadership/committees/index_eng.html">Committees</a> <ul class="xfel-drawer-navigation--level-3 xfel-drawer-navigation xfel-typography--drawer-subnavigation"> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/leadership/committees/ikrc/index_eng.html">IKRC</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/leadership/committees/afc/index_eng.html">AFC</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/leadership/committees/mac/index_eng.html">MAC</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/leadership/committees/sac/index_eng.html">SAC</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/leadership/committees/dac/index_eng.html">DAC</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/leadership/committees/lac/index_eng.html">LAC</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/leadership/committees/dmc/index_eng.html">DMC</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/leadership/committees/proposal_review_panels/index_eng.html">Proposal Review Panels</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/partner_countries/index_eng.html">Partner countries</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/cooperation/index_eng.html">Cooperation</a> <ul class="xfel-drawer-navigation xfel-drawer-navigation--level-2 xfel-typography--drawer-subnavigation"> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/cooperation/user_consortia/index_eng.html">User consortia</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/cooperation/institutional_and_international_cooperation/index_eng.html">Institutional and international cooperation</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/staff_members/index_eng.html">Staff members</a> <ul class="xfel-drawer-navigation xfel-drawer-navigation--level-2 xfel-typography--drawer-subnavigation"> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/staff_members/staff_members_public_view/index_eng.html">Staff members (public view)</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/staff_members/staff_members_internal_only/index_eng.html">Staff members (internal only)</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/scientific_and_technical_groups/index_eng.html">Scientific and Technical groups</a> <ul class="xfel-drawer-navigation xfel-drawer-navigation--level-2 xfel-typography--drawer-subnavigation"> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/scientific_and_technical_groups/instrumentation_department/index_eng.html">Instrumentation Department</a> <ul class="xfel-drawer-navigation--level-3 xfel-drawer-navigation xfel-typography--drawer-subnavigation"> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/scientific_and_technical_groups/instrumentation_department/leadership_team/index_eng.html">Leadership Team</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/scientific_and_technical_groups/instrumentation_department/lasers/index_eng.html">Lasers</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/scientific_and_technical_groups/instrumentation_department/mechanical_engineering/index_eng.html">Mechanical Engineering</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/scientific_and_technical_groups/instrumentation_department/undulator_systems/index_eng.html">Undulator Systems</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/scientific_and_technical_groups/instrumentation_department/vacuum/index_eng.html">Vacuum</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/scientific_and_technical_groups/instrumentation_department/x_ray_optics/index_eng.html">X-Ray Optics</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/scientific_and_technical_groups/instrumentation_department/x_ray_photon_diagnostics/index_eng.html">X-Ray Photon Diagnostics</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/scientific_and_technical_groups/data_department/index_eng.html">Data Department</a> <ul class="xfel-drawer-navigation--level-3 xfel-drawer-navigation xfel-typography--drawer-subnavigation"> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/scientific_and_technical_groups/data_department/controls/index_eng.html">Controls</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/scientific_and_technical_groups/data_department/data_analysis/index_eng.html">Data Analysis</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/scientific_and_technical_groups/theory/index_eng.html">Theory</a> <ul class="xfel-drawer-navigation--level-3 xfel-drawer-navigation xfel-typography--drawer-subnavigation"> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/scientific_and_technical_groups/theory/group_members/index_eng.html">Group Members</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/scientific_and_technical_groups/theory/theory_seminar/index_eng.html">Theory Seminar</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/scientific_and_technical_groups/theory/workshops_and_meetings/index_eng.html">Workshops and Meetings</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/scientific_and_technical_groups/theory/selected_research_projects/index_eng.html">Selected Research Projects</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/scientific_and_technical_groups/theory/publications/index_eng.html">Publications</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/scientific_and_technical_groups/sample_environment/index_eng.html">Sample Environment & Characterization</a> <ul class="xfel-drawer-navigation--level-3 xfel-drawer-navigation xfel-typography--drawer-subnavigation"> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/scientific_and_technical_groups/sample_environment/projects/index_eng.html">Projects</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/scientific_and_technical_groups/sample_environment/group_members/index_eng.html">Group members</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/scientific_and_technical_groups/sample_environment/workshops_and_meetings/index_eng.html">Workshops and meetings</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/scientific_and_technical_groups/sample_environment/publications/index_eng.html">Publications</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/scientific_and_technical_groups/photon_beam_systems_meetings/index_eng.html">Photon Beam Systems Meetings</a> <ul class="xfel-drawer-navigation--level-3 xfel-drawer-navigation xfel-typography--drawer-subnavigation"> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/scientific_and_technical_groups/photon_beam_systems_meetings/2024/index_eng.html">2024</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/scientific_and_technical_groups/photon_beam_systems_meetings/2023/index_eng.html">2023</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/scientific_and_technical_groups/photon_beam_systems_meetings/2022/index_eng.html">2022</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/scientific_and_technical_groups/photon_beam_systems_meetings/2021/index_eng.html">2021</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/scientific_and_technical_groups/photon_beam_systems_meetings/2020/index_eng.html">2020</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/scientific_and_technical_groups/photon_beam_systems_meetings/2019/index_eng.html">2019</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/scientific_and_technical_groups/photon_beam_systems_meetings/2018/index_eng.html">2018</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/scientific_and_technical_groups/photon_beam_systems_meetings/2017/index_eng.html">2017</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/scientific_and_technical_groups/photon_beam_systems_meetings/2016/index_eng.html">2016</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/scientific_and_technical_groups/photon_beam_systems_meetings/2015/index_eng.html">2015</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/scientific_and_technical_groups/photon_beam_systems_meetings/2014/index_eng.html">2014</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/scientific_and_technical_groups/photon_beam_systems_meetings/2013/index_eng.html">2013</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/scientific_and_technical_groups/photon_beam_systems_meetings/2012/index_eng.html">2012</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/scientific_and_technical_groups/photon_beam_systems_meetings/2011/index_eng.html">2011</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/scientific_and_technical_groups/photon_beam_systems_meetings/2010/index_eng.html">2010</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/scientific_and_technical_groups/photon_beam_systems_meetings/2009/index_eng.html">2009</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/scientific_and_technical_groups/photon_beam_systems_meetings/2008/index_eng.html">2008</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/scientific_and_technical_groups/photon_beam_systems_meetings/2007/index_eng.html">2007</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/scientific_and_technical_groups/students/index_eng.html">Students</a> <ul class="xfel-drawer-navigation--level-3 xfel-drawer-navigation xfel-typography--drawer-subnavigation"> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/scientific_and_technical_groups/students/welcome_words/index_eng.html">Welcome words</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/scientific_and_technical_groups/students/phd_curriculum/index_eng.html">Ph.D. Curriculum</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a 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<div class="subnavigation xfel-typography--subnavigation subnavigation--js"> <ul class="subnavigation-list"> <li class="subnavigation-item subnavigation-item--active"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/facility/overview/index_eng.html">Overview</a> </li> <li class="subnavigation-item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/facility/operation/index_eng.html">Operation</a> </li> <li class="subnavigation-item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/facility/accelerator/index_eng.html">Accelerator</a> </li> <li class="subnavigation-item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/facility/beamlines/index_eng.html">Beamlines</a> </li> <li class="subnavigation-item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/facility/instruments/index_eng.html">Instruments</a> </li> <li class="subnavigation-item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/facility/user_laboratories/index_eng.html">User Laboratories</a> </li> <li class="subnavigation-item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/facility/safety_and_environment/index_eng.html">Safety and Environment</a> </li> <li 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class="module"> <div class="breadcrumb breadcrumb--js"> <div class="breadcrumb-container"> <div class="breadcrumb-home"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/index_eng.html"> <svg width="22px" height="22px" viewbox="0 0 22 22"> <use xlink:href="#icon-home"></use> </svg> </a> </div> <div class="breadcrumb-trail"> <ul class="breadcrumb-list"> <li class="breadcrumb-list__item breadcrumb-list__item--is-seperator"> <svg width="6px" height="10px" viewbox="0 0 9 15"> <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-arrow-plain-right"></use> </svg> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-list__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/facility/index_eng.html">Facility</a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-list__item breadcrumb-list__item--is-seperator"> <svg width="6px" height="10px" viewbox="0 0 9 15"> <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-arrow-plain-right"></use> </svg> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-list__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/facility/overview/index_eng.html">Overview</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="module module-intro"> <div class="intro"> <h1>Overview</h1> <p class="intro__copy description">The European XFEL is a research facility of superlatives: It generates ultrashort X-ray flashes—27 000 times per second and with a brilliance that is a billion times higher than that of the best conventional X-ray radiation sources.</p> </div> </section>   <section class="module"> <div class="text"> <div class="text-container"> <p class="text-copy">The world's largest X-ray laser is opening up completely new research opportunities for scientists and industrial users.</p> </div> </div> </section>   <section class="module"> <div class="downloads"> <ul class="downloads-items"> </ul> </div> </section>   <section class="module"> <figure class=" image image--large-width"> <picture class="image-picture"> <source media="(min-width: 840px)" srcset="/sites/sites_custom/site_xfel/content/e35165/e58712/e58715/AbstimmungCompo3_eng.png"></source> <source media="(min-width: 480px)" srcset="/sites/sites_custom/site_xfel/content/e35165/e58712/e58715/AbstimmungCompo3_medium_eng.png"></source> <img alt="Electrons (red bunch) move through metal pipe." srcset="/sites/sites_custom/site_xfel/content/e35165/e58712/e58715/AbstimmungCompo3_small_eng.png"> </picture> </figure> </section>   <section class="module"> <div class="text"> <div class="text-container"> <h2 class="text-headline">Research</h2> <p class="text-copy">Smaller, faster, more intense: The European XFEL is opening up areas of research that were previously inaccessible. Using the X-ray flashes of the European XFEL, scientists will be able to map the atomic details of viruses, decipher the molecular composition of cells, take three-dimensional images of the nanoworld, film chemical reactions, and study processes such as those occurring deep inside planets.</p> <p class="text-copy">At the European XFEL, international research groups can use complex experiment stations to perform their experiments for a few days or weeks.</p> </div> </div> </section>   <section class="module"> <div class="text"> <div class="text-container"> <h2 class="text-headline">How the X-ray laser works</h2> <p class="text-copy">To generate the X-ray flashes, bunches of electrons are first accelerated to high energies and then directed through special arrangements of magnets (undulators). In the process, the particles emit radiation that is increasingly amplified until an extremely short and intense X-ray flash is finally created. <a data-id="{$sites/sites_custom/site_xfel@e35165/e58712/e58724}" href="./how_it_works/index_eng.html">More about how it works</a>.</p> <p class="text-copy"> </p> <p class="text-copy"> </p> <p class="text-copy"> </p> <p class="text-copy">The European XFEL generates X-ray radiation with properties similar to those of laser light. There are several light sources with different characteristics. <a data-id="{$sites/sites_custom/site_xfel@e35165/e35167}" href="./../beamlines/index_eng.html">More about the light sources</a>.</p> </div> </div> </section>   <section class="module"> <figure class=" image image--full-width"> <picture class="image-picture"> <source media="(min-width: 840px)" srcset="/sites/sites_custom/site_xfel/content/e35165/e58712/e58718/XFEL_Undulator_rgb1080x380_eng.jpg"></source> <source media="(min-width: 480px)" srcset="/sites/sites_custom/site_xfel/content/e35165/e58712/e58718/XFEL_Undulator_rgb1080x380_medium_eng.jpg"></source> <img alt="Electrons move in a zig-zag course through an andulator (magnets of alternating poles shown in blue and green)" srcset="/sites/sites_custom/site_xfel/content/e35165/e58712/e58718/XFEL_Undulator_rgb1080x380_small_eng.jpg"> </picture> </figure> </section>   <section class="module"> <div class="text"> <div class="text-container"> <h2 class="text-headline">Location</h2> <p class="text-copy">The European XFEL is located mainly in underground tunnels which can be accessed on three different sites. The 3.4 kilometre-long facility runs from the DESY campus in Hamburg to the town of Schenefeld in Schleswig-Holstein. At the research campus in Schenefeld, teams of scientists from all over the world carry out experiments using the X-ray flashes.</p> </div> </div> </section>   <section class="module"> <figure class=" image image--full-width"> <picture class="image-picture"> <source media="(min-width: 840px)" srcset="/sites/sites_custom/site_xfel/content/e35165/e58712/e58720/XFEL_Luftbild_2014_1_parallel_1080x380_rgb_eng.jpg"></source> <source media="(min-width: 480px)" srcset="/sites/sites_custom/site_xfel/content/e35165/e58712/e58720/XFEL_Luftbild_2014_1_parallel_1080x380_rgb_medium_eng.jpg"></source> <img alt="Path of the tunnel overlayed on an aerial photo of Hamburg and Schenefeld." srcset="/sites/sites_custom/site_xfel/content/e35165/e58712/e58720/XFEL_Luftbild_2014_1_parallel_1080x380_rgb_small_eng.jpg"> </picture> </figure> </section>   <section class="module"> <div class="text"> <div class="text-container"> <h2 class="text-headline">European XFEL GmbH</h2> <p class="text-copy">To construct and operate the European XFEL, international partners agreed on the foundation of an independent research organization – the European XFEL GmbH, a non-profit limited liability company under German law. The company employs more than 500 people. At present, 12 countries are participating: Denmark, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom.</p> </div> </div> </section>   </main> <footer class="xfel-footer"> <div class="xfel-footer__top"> <div class="xfel-footer__top-container"> <div class="mdl-grid"> <div class="mdl-cell mdl-cell--8-col mdl-cell--12-col-tablet"> <h3 class="xfel-footer__headline--eiroforum"> Member of EIROforum</h3> <a class="xfel-footer__logo--eiroforum" href="http://www.eiroforum.org/" target="_blank"> <picture> <source media="(min-width:480px)" srcset="common/img/EIROforum.png" /> <img srcset="common/img/EIROforum-phone.png" src="common/img/EIROforum-phone.png" alt="EIROforum" /> </picture> </a> </div> <div class="xfel-footer__seperator hr"></div> <div class="mdl-cell mdl-cell--8-col mdl-cell--12-col-tablet"> <h3>Subscribe to our newsletter</h3> <form action="#" method="get" enctype="text/plain" id="xfel_nl"> <div class="field 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