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open-block";}</script> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"> <section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <div class="bandeau-container metadata homonymie hatnote"> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aide:Homonymie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aide:Homonymie"><img alt="Page d’aide sur l’homonymie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/20px-Logo_disambig.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/30px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/40px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="375"></a></span> </div> <div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p>Pour les articles homonymes, voir <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%A9paration?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Séparation">Séparation</a>.</p> </div> </div> <p>En <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/A%C3%A9ronautique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aéronautique">aéronautique</a>, la <b>séparation</b> ou l'<b>espacement</b> est un des moyens utilisés par les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Contr%C3%B4le_du_trafic_a%C3%A9rien?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Contrôle du trafic aérien">services de la circulation aérienne</a> pour assurer le service de contrôle. Il consiste à ménager entre deux <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/A%C3%A9ronef?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aéronef">aéronefs</a> une distance verticale ou horizontale permettant de garantir la sécurité. C'est un moyen utilisé par le contrôle aérien pour réduire le risque de collisions et les accidents dus aux <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Turbulence_de_sillage?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Turbulence de sillage">turbulences de sillage</a>. En cas de perte de séparation on parle de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conflit_a%C3%A9rien?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Conflit aérien">conflit</a>. Dans la nouvelle <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9glementation_de_la_circulation_a%C3%A9rienne_fran%C3%A7aise?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Réglementation de la circulation aérienne française">réglementation de la circulation aérienne</a> à la suite de l'arrêté du <time class="nowrap" datetime="2006-03-03" data-sort-value="2006-03-03">3 mars 2006</time> relatif aux règles de l'air et aux services de la Circulation Aérienne, le terme « espacement » est remplacé par « séparation ».</p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Cylindre_d%27exclusion_d%27un_avion.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Cylindre_d%27exclusion_d%27un_avion.svg/220px-Cylindre_d%27exclusion_d%27un_avion.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Cylindre_d%2527exclusion_d%2527un_avion.svg/330px-Cylindre_d%2527exclusion_d%2527un_avion.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Cylindre_d%2527exclusion_d%2527un_avion.svg/440px-Cylindre_d%2527exclusion_d%2527un_avion.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="148" data-file-height="98"></a> <figcaption> Exemple de séparation verticale (1 000 <abbr class="abbr" title="pied">ft</abbr>) et horizontale (5 <abbr class="abbr" title="mille marin">NM</abbr>) </figcaption> </figure> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="fr" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Sommaire</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%A9paration_(contr%C3%B4le_a%C3%A9rien)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Application_de_l'espacement"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Application de l'espacement</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%A9paration_(contr%C3%B4le_a%C3%A9rien)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Types_d'espacements"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Types d'espacements</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%A9paration_(contr%C3%B4le_a%C3%A9rien)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Espacement_vertical"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Espacement vertical</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%A9paration_(contr%C3%B4le_a%C3%A9rien)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Espacement_horizontal"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Espacement horizontal</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%A9paration_(contr%C3%B4le_a%C3%A9rien)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Dans_la_pratique"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Dans la pratique</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%A9paration_(contr%C3%B4le_a%C3%A9rien)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Voir_aussi"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Voir aussi</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Application_de_l'espacement"><span id="Application_de_l.27espacement"></span>Application de l'espacement</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A9paration_(contr%C3%B4le_a%C3%A9rien)&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Application de l'espacement" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>L'espacement n'est assuré qu'entre certains trafics, suivant la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Classe_d%27espace_a%C3%A9rien?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Classe d'espace aérien">classe de l'espace aérien</a> considéré. Dans la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Circulation_d'a%C3%A9rodrome&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Circulation d'aérodrome (page inexistante)">circulation d'aérodrome</a>, l'espacement est toujours assuré sur la piste, quelle que soit la classe d'espace aérien autour de l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/A%C3%A9rodrome?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aérodrome">aérodrome</a> considéré.</p> <p>Les normes d'espacement applicables dépendent de l'organisme, de ses moyens techniques, de la configuration de l'espace, et des études ayant été menées dans ses espaces.</p> <p>Lorsque le type ou le minimum d’espacement utilisé pour assurer l’espacement entre deux aéronefs ne peut pas être maintenu, des mesures doivent être prises afin de s’assurer qu’un autre type ou un autre minimum d’espacement existe ou est établi avant le moment où l’espacement utilisé antérieurement deviendrait insuffisant.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Types_d'espacements"><span id="Types_d.27espacements"></span>Types d'espacements</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A9paration_(contr%C3%B4le_a%C3%A9rien)&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Types d'espacements" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <p>Les aéronefs peuvent être espacés verticalement ou horizontalement.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Espacement_vertical">Espacement vertical</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A9paration_(contr%C3%B4le_a%C3%A9rien)&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Espacement vertical" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>L'espacement vertical le plus courant est de mille pieds (environ 300 <abbr class="abbr" title="mètre">m</abbr>). Cet espacement est assuré grâce à l'altimètre des aéronefs, qui a une grande précision (l'erreur maximale est de l'ordre de 300 pieds, ou 100 <abbr class="abbr" title="mètre">m</abbr>). Cependant, la précision des altimètres diminue avec l'altitude, donc au-dessus d'une certaine altitude, la norme d'espacement passe en général à 2000 pieds.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Espacement_horizontal">Espacement horizontal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A9paration_(contr%C3%B4le_a%C3%A9rien)&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Espacement horizontal" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>L'espacement horizontal est plus varié. Les moyens utilisés pour obtenir la position des aéronefs varient suivant les espaces.</p> <p>Quand cette position est obtenue au moyen du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Radar?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Radar">radar</a>, l'espacement à assurer est appelé norme radar, et dépend de la précision des moyens radar. Les normes les plus courantes sont 8, 5 et 3 milles nautiques (respectivement environ 13, 8 et 5 km).</p> <p>En l'absence de radar, l'espacement est assuré grâce à une séparation stratégique. Une étude est menée au préalable, définissant que telle trajectoire est réputée séparée de telle autre. Dans ce cas, deux aéronefs suivant ces trajectoires sont séparés. Si deux trajectoires ont une partie qui n'est pas séparée alors que le reste est séparé, un critère est défini pour savoir à quel moment ces trajectoires sont séparées.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Dans_la_pratique">Dans la pratique</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A9paration_(contr%C3%B4le_a%C3%A9rien)&action=edit&section=5&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Dans la pratique" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <p>Assurer l'espacement entre deux aéronefs revient à s'assurer qu'il existera toujours une séparation (stratégique, radar, vertical...) entre ces deux aéronefs. Si deux aéronefs volant à la même altitude ont une trajectoire convergente, on peut avoir un espacement horizontal à un moment donné, mais la séparation va se réduire, et finalement l'espacement n'existera plus. Il faut alors assurer un autre type d'espacement, par exemple un espacement vertical, pendant l'intervalle où la séparation sera insuffisante. Une fois les aéronefs croisés et l'espacement horizontal rétabli, les aéronefs pourront à nouveau voler à la même altitude.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Voir_aussi">Voir aussi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A9paration_(contr%C3%B4le_a%C3%A9rien)&action=edit&section=6&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Voir aussi" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <ul> <li><a 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