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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Přihlášení</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Stránky pro odhlášené editory <a href="/wiki/N%C3%A1pov%C4%9Bda:%C3%9Avod" aria-label="Více informací o editování"><span>dozvědět se více</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Moje_p%C5%99%C3%ADsp%C4%9Bvky" title="Seznam editací provedených z této IP adresy [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Příspěvky</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Moje_diskuse" title="Diskuse o editacích provedených z této IP adresy [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Diskuse</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Projekt"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Obsah" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Obsah</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">přesunout do postranního panelu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">skrýt</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(úvod)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Mládí" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mládí"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Mládí</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mládí-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tranzistor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tranzistor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Tranzistor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tranzistor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pozdější_léta" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pozdější_léta"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Pozdější léta</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pozdější_léta-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ocenění" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ocenění"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Ocenění</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ocenění-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Odkazy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Odkazy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Odkazy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Odkazy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Přepnout podsekci Odkazy</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Odkazy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Reference" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reference"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Reference</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reference-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Související_články" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Související_články"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Související články</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Související_články-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externí_odkazy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externí_odkazy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Externí odkazy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externí_odkazy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Obsah" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Přepnout obsah" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Přepnout obsah</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">William Bradford Shockley</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Přejděte k článku v jiném jazyce. Je dostupný v 85 jazycích" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-85" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">85 jazyků</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shockley" title="William Shockley – afrikánština" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="William Shockley" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85_%D8%B4%D9%88%D9%83%D9%84%D9%8A" title="وليم شوكلي – arabština" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="وليم شوكلي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%B4%D9%88%D9%83%D9%84%D9%89" title="ويليام شوكلى – arabština (egyptská)" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ويليام شوكلى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabština (egyptská)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Bradford_Shockley" title="William Bradford Shockley – asturština" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="William Bradford Shockley" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilyam_%C5%9Eokli" title="Vilyam Şokli – ázerbájdžánština" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Vilyam Şokli" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="ázerbájdžánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%B4%D8%A7%DA%A9%D9%84%DB%8C" title="ویلیام شاکلی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ویلیام شاکلی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BC_%D0%91%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%A8%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Уільям Брэдфард Шоклі – běloruština" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Уільям Брэдфард Шоклі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="běloruština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BC_%D0%A8%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Уилям Шокли – bulharština" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Уилям Шокли" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulharština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1_%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF" title="উইলিয়াম ব্র্যাডফোর্ড শকলি – bengálština" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="উইলিয়াম ব্র্যাডফোর্ড শকলি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengálština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shockley" title="William Shockley – katalánština" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="William Shockley" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shockley" title="William Shockley – velština" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="William Shockley" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="velština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shockley" title="William Shockley – dánština" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="William Shockley" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Bradford_Shockley" title="William Bradford Shockley – němčina" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="William Bradford Shockley" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="němčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%AF%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BC_%CE%9C%CF%80%CF%81%CE%AC%CE%BD%CF%84%CF%86%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%BD%CF%84_%CE%A3%CF%8C%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%B5%CF%8B" title="Γουίλλιαμ Μπράντφορντ Σόκλεϋ – řečtina" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γουίλλιαμ Μπράντφορντ Σόκλεϋ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="řečtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shockley" title="William Shockley – angličtina" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="William Shockley" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angličtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shockley" title="William Shockley – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="William Shockley" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Bradford_Shockley" title="William Bradford Shockley – španělština" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="William Bradford Shockley" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španělština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Bradford_Shockley" title="William Bradford Shockley – estonština" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="William Bradford Shockley" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shockley" title="William Shockley – baskičtina" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="William Shockley" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskičtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%B4%D8%A7%DA%A9%D9%84%DB%8C" title="ویلیام شاکلی – perština" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ویلیام شاکلی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shockley" title="William Shockley – finština" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="William Shockley" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shockley" title="William Shockley – francouzština" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="William Shockley" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francouzština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shockley" title="William Shockley – irština" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="William Shockley" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Bradford_Shockley" title="William Bradford Shockley – galicijština" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="William Bradford Shockley" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicijština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shockley" title="William Shockley – čínština (dialekty Hakka)" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="William Shockley" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="čínština (dialekty Hakka)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%90%D7%9D_%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%99" title="ויליאם שוקלי – hebrejština" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ויליאם שוקלי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrejština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80" title="विलियम शोक्ली – hindština" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="विलियम शोक्ली" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Bradford_Shockley" title="William Bradford Shockley – chorvatština" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="William Bradford Shockley" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="chorvatština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Bradford_Shockley" title="William Bradford Shockley – haitština" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="William Bradford Shockley" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%88%D6%82%D5%AB%D5%AC%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B4_%D5%87%D5%B8%D6%84%D5%AC%D5%AB" title="Ուիլյամ Շոքլի – arménština" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ուիլյամ Շոքլի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shockley" title="William Shockley – indonéština" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="William Shockley" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonéština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Bradford_Shockley" title="William Bradford Shockley – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="William Bradford Shockley" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Bradford_Shockley" title="William Bradford Shockley – italština" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="William Bradford Shockley" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A3%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A0%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A7%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AC%E3%83%BC" title="ウィリアム・ショックレー – japonština" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ウィリアム・ショックレー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shockley" title="William Shockley – javánština" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="William Shockley" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BC_%D0%91%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%A8%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Уильям Брэдфорд Шокли – kazaština" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Уильям Брэдфорд Шокли" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazaština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%82_%E0%B2%B6%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%86" title="ವಿಲಿಯಂ ಶಾಕ್ಲೆ – kannadština" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ವಿಲಿಯಂ ಶಾಕ್ಲೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannadština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9C%8C%EB%A6%AC%EC%97%84_%EC%87%BC%ED%81%B4%EB%A6%AC" title="윌리엄 쇼클리 – korejština" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="윌리엄 쇼클리" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shockley" title="William Shockley – kurdština" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="William Shockley" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulielmus_Shockley" title="Gulielmus Shockley – latina" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Gulielmus Shockley" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viljams_%C5%A0oklijs" title="Viljams Šoklijs – lotyština" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Viljams Šoklijs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lotyština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shockley" title="William Shockley – malgaština" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="William Shockley" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%A8%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Вилијам Шокли – makedonština" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Вилијам Шокли" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82_%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF" title="വില്യം ഷോക്ലി – malajálamština" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വില്യം ഷോക്ലി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajálamština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80" title="विल्यम शॉकली – maráthština" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="विल्यम शॉकली" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="maráthština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shockley" title="William Shockley – malajština" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="William Shockley" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%B4%D8%A7%DA%A9%D9%84%DB%8C" title="ویلیام شاکلی – mázandaránština" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="ویلیام شاکلی" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mázandaránština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80" title="विलियम शक्ली – névárština" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="विलियम शक्ली" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="névárština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shockley" title="William Shockley – nizozemština" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="William Shockley" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nizozemština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shockley" title="William Shockley – norština (nynorsk)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="William Shockley" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norština (nynorsk)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shockley" title="William Shockley – norština (bokmål)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="William Shockley" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norština (bokmål)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shockley" title="William Shockley – okcitánština" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="William Shockley" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okcitánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%AE_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%80" title="ਵਿਲੀਅਮ ਸ਼ੌਕਲੀ – paňdžábština" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਵਿਲੀਅਮ ਸ਼ੌਕਲੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="paňdžábština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shockley" title="William Shockley – polština" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="William Shockley" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85_%D8%B4%D9%88%DA%A9%D9%84%DB%92" title="ولیم شوکلے – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ولیم شوکلے" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%B4%D8%A7%DA%A9%D9%84%D9%8A" title="ویلیام شاکلي – paštština" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ویلیام شاکلي" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paštština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Bradford_Shockley" title="William Bradford Shockley – portugalština" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="William Bradford Shockley" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Bradford_Shockley" title="William Bradford Shockley – rumunština" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="William Bradford Shockley" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumunština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8,_%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BC_%D0%91%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4" title="Шокли, Уильям Брэдфорд – ruština" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Шокли, Уильям Брэдфорд" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80" title="विलियम शाक्ली – sanskrt" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="विलियम शाक्ली" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskrt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shockley" title="William Shockley – skotština" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="William Shockley" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skotština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Bradford_Shockley" title="William Bradford Shockley – srbochorvatština" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="William Bradford Shockley" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="srbochorvatština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shockley" title="William Shockley – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="William Shockley" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shockley" title="William Shockley – slovenština" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="William Shockley" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovenština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Bradford_Shockley" title="William Bradford Shockley – slovinština" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="William Bradford Shockley" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovinština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%A8%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Вилијам Шокли – srbština" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Вилијам Шокли" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="srbština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_B._Shockley" title="William B. Shockley – švédština" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="William B. Shockley" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="švédština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shockley" title="William Shockley – svahilština" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="William Shockley" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="svahilština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%B7%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF" title="வில்லியம் ஷாக்லி – tamilština" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வில்லியம் ஷாக்லி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BC_%D0%A8%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Уилям Шокли – tádžičtina" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Уилям Шокли" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tádžičtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1_%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C" title="วิลเลียม ชอกลีย์ – thajština" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="วิลเลียม ชอกลีย์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thajština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shockley" title="William Shockley – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="William Shockley" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shockley" title="William Shockley – turečtina" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="William Shockley" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turečtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BC_%D0%A8%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Вильям Шокли – tatarština" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Вильям Шокли" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BC_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%A8%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Вільям Бредфорд Шоклі – ukrajinština" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Вільям Бредфорд Шоклі" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrajinština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85_%D8%B4%D9%88%DA%A9%D9%84%DB%8C" title="ولیم شوکلی – urdština" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ولیم شوکلی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shockley" title="William Shockley – uzbečtina" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="William Shockley" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / 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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Z Wikipedie, otevřené encyklopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="cs" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox biography vcard" style="width:22em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="fn" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold">William Shockley</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Soubor:William_Shockley,_Stanford_University.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="William Bradford Shockley"><img alt="William Bradford Shockley" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/William_Shockley%2C_Stanford_University.jpg/225px-William_Shockley%2C_Stanford_University.jpg" decoding="async" width="225" height="313" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/William_Shockley%2C_Stanford_University.jpg/338px-William_Shockley%2C_Stanford_University.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/William_Shockley%2C_Stanford_University.jpg/450px-William_Shockley%2C_Stanford_University.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1625" data-file-height="2264" /></a></span><div>William Bradford Shockley</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left">Narození</th><td><span class="wd"><a href="/wiki/13._%C3%BAnor" title="13. únor">13. února</a> <a href="/wiki/1910" title="1910">1910</a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Lond%C3%BDn" title="Londýn">Londýn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spojen%C3%A9_kr%C3%A1lovstv%C3%AD" title="Spojené království">Spojené království</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left">Úmrtí</th><td><span class="wd"><a href="/wiki/12._srpen" title="12. srpen">12. srpna</a> <a href="/wiki/1989" title="1989">1989</a> (ve věku 79 let)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Stanfordova_univerzita" title="Stanfordova univerzita">Stanford</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kalifornie" title="Kalifornie">Kalifornie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spojen%C3%A9_st%C3%A1ty_americk%C3%A9" title="Spojené státy americké">Spojené státy americké</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left">Příčina úmrtí</th><td><span class="wd"><a href="/wiki/Karcinom_prostaty" title="Karcinom prostaty">rakovina prostaty</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left">Místo pohřbení</th><td class="label"><span class="wd"><a href="/wiki/Palo_Alto" title="Palo Alto">Palo Alto</a><br />Alta Mesa Memorial Park</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td><span class="wd"><a href="/wiki/Kalifornsk%C3%BD_technologick%C3%BD_institut" title="Kalifornský technologický institut">Kalifornský technologický institut</a> (do 1932)<br /><a href="/wiki/Massachusettsk%C3%BD_technologick%C3%BD_institut" title="Massachusettský technologický institut">Massachusettský technologický institut</a> (do 1936)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left">Povolání</th><td class="role"><span class="wd"><a href="/wiki/Fyzik" class="mw-redirect" title="Fyzik">fyzik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vyn%C3%A1lezce" title="Vynálezce">vynálezce</a> a <a href="/wiki/Vysoko%C5%A1kolsk%C3%BD_u%C4%8Ditel" title="Vysokoškolský učitel">vysokoškolský učitel</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left">Zaměstnavatelé</th><td><span class="wd"><a href="/wiki/Bellovy_laborato%C5%99e" title="Bellovy laboratoře">Bellovy laboratoře</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Stanfordova_univerzita" title="Stanfordova univerzita">Stanfordova univerzita</a><br /><span lang="en">Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left">Ocenění</th><td><span class="wd"><span lang="en">IEEE Morris N. Liebmann Memorial Award</span> (1952)<br />Cena Olivera E. Buckleyho (1953)<br /><span lang="en">Comstock Prize in Physics</span> (1953)<br /><a href="/wiki/Nobelova_cena_za_fyziku" title="Nobelova cena za fyziku">Nobelova cena za fyziku</a> (1956)<br /><a href="/wiki/Medaile_Wilhelma_Exnera" title="Medaile Wilhelma Exnera">medaile Wilhelma Exnera</a> (1963)<br />… více na <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q163415#P166" class="extiw" title="d:Q163415">Wikidatech</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left">Politická strana</th><td><span class="wd"><a href="/wiki/Republik%C3%A1nsk%C3%A1_strana_(USA)" title="Republikánská strana (USA)">Republikánská strana</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left">Nábož. vyznání</th><td><span class="wd"><a href="/wiki/Ateismus" title="Ateismus">ateismus</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left">Choť</th><td><span class="wd"><span lang="en">Jean Bailey</span><br /><span lang="en">Emmy Lanning</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left">Rodiče</th><td><span class="wd"><span lang="en">William Hillman Shockley</span><sup id="cite_ref-1f8ad12bcfe3b7fea3d389573b01d1dc0d39d9ec_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1f8ad12bcfe3b7fea3d389573b01d1dc0d39d9ec-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Logo Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Logo Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:William_Shockley" class="extiw" title="c:Category:William Shockley">multimediální obsah</a></b> na <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Commons</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size: smaller; white-space: nowrap;">Některá data mohou pocházet z <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q163415" class="extiw" title="d:Q163415">datové položky</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>William Bradford Shockley</b> (<a href="/wiki/13._%C3%BAnor" title="13. únor">13. února</a> <a href="/wiki/1910" title="1910">1910</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lond%C3%BDn" title="Londýn">Londýn</a> – <a href="/wiki/12._srpen" title="12. srpen">12. srpna</a> <a href="/wiki/1989" title="1989">1989</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stanford" class="mw-disambig" title="Stanford">Stanford</a>) byl americký fyzik a vynálezce. Spolu s <a href="/wiki/John_Bardeen" title="John Bardeen">Johnem Bardeenem</a> a <a href="/wiki/Walter_Houser_Brattain" title="Walter Houser Brattain">Valterem H. Brattainem</a>, objevil <a href="/wiki/Tranzistor" title="Tranzistor">tranzistor</a>, za který všichni získali v roce <a href="/wiki/1956" title="1956">1956</a> <a href="/wiki/Nobelova_cena_za_fyziku" title="Nobelova cena za fyziku">Nobelovu cenu za fyziku</a>. Shockleyovy pokusy obchodně využít tento objev vedly ke vzniku „<a href="/wiki/Silicon_Valley" title="Silicon Valley">Silicon Valley</a>“ v Kalifornii, které se stalo ohniskem elektrotechnické inovace. Ve svém pozdějším životě, byl Shockley profesorem ve <a href="/wiki/Stanfordova_univerzita" title="Stanfordova univerzita">Stanfordu</a>, a také se stal neochvějným zastáncem <a href="/wiki/Eugenika" title="Eugenika">eugeniky</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mládí"><span id="Ml.C3.A1d.C3.AD"></span>Mládí</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Bradford_Shockley&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Editace sekce: Mládí" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Bradford_Shockley&action=edit&section=1" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Mládí"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Shockley se narodil v <a href="/wiki/Lond%C3%BDn" title="Londýn">Londýně</a>, ale byl vychován v Kalifornii. Svůj bakalářský titul z přírodních věd získal na <a href="/wiki/California_Institute_of_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="California Institute of Technology">California Institute of Technology</a> v roce 1932. Ještě jako student si vzal v srpnu 1933 Iowan Jean Bailey. V březnu 1934 se jim narodilo děvčátko Jane Alison. Svůj doktorský (PhD) titul získal Shockley v roce 1936 na <a href="/wiki/Massachusettsk%C3%BD_technologick%C3%BD_institut" title="Massachusettský technologický institut">Massachusettském technologickém institutu</a>. Pak se připojil k výzkumné skupině vedené <a href="/wiki/Clinton_Joseph_Davisson" title="Clinton Joseph Davisson">Clintonem Davissonem</a> v <a href="/wiki/Bellovy_laborato%C5%99e" title="Bellovy laboratoře">Bellových laboratořích</a> v <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a>. V roce 1938 získal svůj první patent. Po vypuknutí <a href="/wiki/Druh%C3%A1_sv%C4%9Btov%C3%A1_v%C3%A1lka" title="Druhá světová válka">druhé světové války</a> se zapojil do výzkumu radaru v laboratořích ve Whippany v New Jersey. V květnu 1942 opustil Bellovy laboratoře a stal se ředitelem výzkumu na <a href="/wiki/Kolumbijsk%C3%A1_univerzita" title="Kolumbijská univerzita">Columbia University</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tranzistor">Tranzistor</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Bradford_Shockley&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Editace sekce: Tranzistor" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Bradford_Shockley&action=edit&section=2" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Tranzistor"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Krátce po skončení války v roce 1945, Bellovy laboratoře vytvořily skupinu pro výzkum fyziky pevných látek, pod vedením Shockleyho a chemika Stanleyho Morgana. Dalšími členy skupiny byli <a href="/wiki/John_Bardeen" title="John Bardeen">Bardeen</a> a <a href="/wiki/Walter_Houser_Brattain" title="Walter Houser Brattain">Brattain</a>, fyzik Gerald Pearson, chemik Robert Gibney, elektrotechnický expert Hilbert Moore a několik techniků. Jejich cílem bylo najít alternativu ke křehkým <a href="/wiki/Elektronka" title="Elektronka">elektronkovým</a> zesilovačům. Jejich první pokusy byly založeny na Shockleyově myšlence, že vnější <a href="/wiki/Elektrick%C3%A9_pole" title="Elektrické pole">elektrické pole</a> na polovodiči ovlivní jeho vodivost. Jejich experimenty však záhadně selhávaly. </p><p>Skupina začala studovat atomové struktury, které se na povrchu a uvnitř látek liší. Hledané výsledky se začaly dostavovat v okamžiku, když začali obklopovat body dotyku mezi <a href="/wiki/Polovodi%C4%8D" title="Polovodič">polovodičem</a> a přívodními vodiči <a href="/wiki/Elektrolyt" title="Elektrolyt">elektrolytem</a>. Moore postavil okruh, který jim dovolil snadno měnit frekvenci vstupního signálu a navrhl, aby používali <a href="/w/index.php?title=Glykol_boritan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glykol boritan (stránka neexistuje)">glykol boritan</a>, viskózní chemikálii, která se nevypařovala. Nakonec získali důkaz schopnosti zesílení signálu, když Pearson, podle návrhu Shockleyho,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> uvedl napětí na kapičku glykol boritanu umístěnou přes <a href="/wiki/P%C5%99echod_P-N" class="mw-redirect" title="Přechod P-N">P-N přechod</a>. V prosinci 1947 Bardeen a Brattain – pracovali bez Shockleyho – uspěli ve stvoření hrotového tranzistoru, který zesiloval signál. </p><p>Další měsíc začali patentoví zástupci Bellových laboratoří pracovat na patentových přihláškách. Brzo objevili, že Shockleyho vliv elektrického pole na polovodič byl předpovídán a patentován v roce 1930 <a href="/wiki/Julius_Edgar_Lilienfeld" title="Julius Edgar Lilienfeld">Juliem Lilienfeldem</a>, který si svůj MESFET patentoval v Kanadě již v 22. října 1925.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Přesto byly podány celkem čtyři žádosti o patent. Na žádné z těchto přihlášek se však nevyskytovalo Shockleyovo jméno. To Shockleyho rozzlobilo, protože práce byla založena na jeho nápadu s účinkem elektrického pole. Ve stejnou dobu tiše pokračoval ve vlastní práci na stavbě různých druhů tranzistoru založených na spojení místo bodového dotyku. Předpokládal, že tento typ tranzistoru bude více komerčně úspěšný. Shockley pracoval na teorii elektronů a děr v polovodičích, která byla nakonec vydána jako 558 stránková monografie v roce 1950. V té Shockley vypracoval rozhodující myšlenky týkající se pohybu elektronů a děr a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Diferenci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD_rovnici&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diferenciální rovnici (stránka neexistuje)">diferenciální rovnici</a>, kterou se řídí tok elektronů v pevných krystalech. </p><p>Shockleyho tato práce vedla k myšlence "sendvičového tranzistoru“ a ke vzniku klasického tranzistoru. Jeho objev byl oznámen 4. června 1951 a Shockley obdržel 25. září 1951 za jeho objev patent. Pro výrobu tohoto tranzistoru byla vyvinuta <a href="/wiki/Difuze" title="Difuze">difúzní</a> metoda a tento tranzistor brzy zastínil tranzistor s bodovými kontakty. Shockley pokračoval jako vedoucí skupiny v Bellových laboratořích ještě dva roky. </p><p>V roce 1951 byl zvolen členem <a href="/wiki/National_Academy_of_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="National Academy of Sciences">National Academy of Sciences</a> (NAS). Za svůj objev tranzistoru získal mnoho cen.<sup>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedie:Ov%C4%9B%C5%99itelnost" title="Wikipedie:Ověřitelnost"><span class="doplnte-zdroj" title="Je potřeba doložit zdroj předchozího tvrzení">zdroj?</span></a>]</sup> Bellovy laboratoře však představovaly všechny tři vynálezce (Shockleyho, Bardeena a Brattaina) jako tým. To vedlo k rozkolu a Shockley později blokoval práci Bardeena a Brattaina na klasickém tranzistoru. Bardeen se začal zabývat teorií <a href="/wiki/Supravodivost" title="Supravodivost">supravodivosti</a> a opustil Bellovy laboratoře. Brattain odmítl pracovat v Shockleyově týmu a byl přidělen k jiné skupině. Ani jeden, ani druhý se pak příliš nezúčastnili dalšího vývoje tranzistoru.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shockley sám odešel v roce 1953 z Bellových laboratoří a přestěhoval se do Kalifornie na <a href="/wiki/California_Institute_of_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="California Institute of Technology">California Institute of Technology</a> (Caltech), kde čtyři měsíce působil jako hostující profesor. </p><p>Shockley nakonec začal řídit svoji vlastní společnost, v níž se pokoušel vytvořit nové a technicky obtížné zařízení (původně nazvané čtyřvrstvá dioda a nyní známé jako <a href="/wiki/Tyristor" title="Tyristor">tyristor</a>). Projekt se ale rozvíjel velmi pomalu. Na jaře 1954 se Shockley odloučil od své manželky Jane a nakonec se v létě 1954 rozvedl. V listopadu 1955 se oženil s Emmy Lanning, učitelkou ze severní části státu <a href="/wiki/New_York" title="New York">New York</a>. Toto manželství trvalo až do jeho smrti v roce 1989. </p><p>V roce 1956 Shockley získal, spolu s Bardeenem a Brattainem, Nobelovu cenu za fyziku. Ve své Nobelovské přednášce plně ocenil Brattaina a Bardeena jako vynálezce tranzistoru s bodovými kontakty. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pozdější_léta"><span id="Pozd.C4.9Bj.C5.A1.C3.AD_l.C3.A9ta"></span>Pozdější léta</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Bradford_Shockley&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Editace sekce: Pozdější léta" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Bradford_Shockley&action=edit&section=3" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Pozdější léta"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>V červenci 1961 po vážné automobilové nehodě si Shockley si vzal několik měsíců na zotavení ze zranění. Jeho firma byla prodána firmě Levite a on sám přijal místo profesora na <a href="/wiki/Stanfordova_univerzita" title="Stanfordova univerzita">Stanfordově univerzitě</a>. </p><p>Shockleyův poslední patent byl udělen v roce 1968, za velmi komplikované polovodičové zařízení. </p><p>Shockley zemřel v roce 1989 na rakovinu prostaty. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ocenění"><span id="Ocen.C4.9Bn.C3.AD"></span>Ocenění</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Bradford_Shockley&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Editace sekce: Ocenění" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Bradford_Shockley&action=edit&section=4" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Ocenění"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>V roce 2002 skupina asi 30 kolegů, kteří se s ním setkali od roku 1956, zavzpomínali na Shockleyho a jeho ústřední roli v odstartování revoluci v informačních technologiích a jejich organizátor prohlásil, že „Shockley je ten, kdo přinesl křemík do <a href="/wiki/Silicon_Valley" title="Silicon Valley">Silicon Valley</a>.“<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shockley byl zařazen časopisem Time mezi 100 nejvíce vlivných lidí 20. století. Obdržel čestné doktoráty na <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Pennsylvania">University of Pennsylvania</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rutgers_University&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rutgers University (stránka neexistuje)">Rutgers University</a> v New Jersey a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustavus_Adolphus_Colleges&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gustavus Adolphus Colleges (stránka neexistuje)">Gustavus Adolphus Colleges</a> v Minnesotě. </p> <ul><li>Oliver E. Buckley Solid State Physics Prize od American Physical Society</li> <li>Maurice Liebman Memorial Prize od Institute of Radio Engineers</li> <li>Holley Medal of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers v roce 1963</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Odkazy">Odkazy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Bradford_Shockley&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Editace sekce: Odkazy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Bradford_Shockley&action=edit&section=5" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Odkazy"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reference">Reference</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Bradford_Shockley&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Editace sekce: Reference" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Bradford_Shockley&action=edit&section=6" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Reference"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="plainlinks"><i>V tomto článku byl použit <a href="/wiki/Wikipedie:WikiProjekt_P%C5%99eklad/Rady" title="Wikipedie:WikiProjekt Překlad/Rady">překlad</a> textu z článku <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shockley?oldid=178392319"><span class="cizojazycne" lang="en" title="angličtina">William Shockley</span></a> na anglické Wikipedii.</i></span> </p> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1f8ad12bcfe3b7fea3d389573b01d1dc0d39d9ec-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1f8ad12bcfe3b7fea3d389573b01d1dc0d39d9ec_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="wd"><i><a href="/wiki/Geni.com" title="Geni.com">Geni.com</a></i>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">William B. Shockley, 79, Creator of Transistor and Theory on Race", New York Times, August 14, 1989. Retrieved on 2007-07-21. <i>William Bradford Shockley, who shared a Nobel Prize in physics for his role in the creation of the transistor and earned the enmity of many for his views on the genetic differences between the races, died of cancer of the prostate at his home in California on Saturday. He was 79 years old and lived on the campus of Stanford University.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Crystal Fire p. 132</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">US patent 1745175 "Method and apparatus for controlling electric current" first filing in Canada on 22.10.1925</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;"> <i>chem.ch.huji.ac.il</i> [online]. [cit. 22-12-2007]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061002065548/http://chem.ch.huji.ac.il/~eugeniik/history/lilienfeld.htm">Dostupné v archivu</a> pořízeném dne 02-10-2006.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelperiodika&rft.jtitle=chem.ch.huji.ac.il&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fchem.ch.huji.ac.il%2F~eugeniik%2Fhistory%2Flilienfeld.htm"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Crystal Fire p. 278</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;"> <i>www.stanford.edu</i> [online]. [cit. 22-12-2007]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050404102748/http://www.stanford.edu/dept/news/pr/02/shockley1023.html">Dostupné v archivu</a> pořízeném dne 04-04-2005.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelperiodika&rft.jtitle=www.stanford.edu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stanford.edu%2Fdept%2Fnews%2Fpr%2F02%2Fshockley1023.html"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Související_články"><span id="Souvisej.C3.ADc.C3.AD_.C4.8Dl.C3.A1nky"></span>Související články</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Bradford_Shockley&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Editace sekce: Související články" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Bradford_Shockley&action=edit&section=7" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Související články"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shockleyova_rovnice" title="Shockleyova rovnice">Shockleyova rovnice</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Externí_odkazy"><span id="Extern.C3.AD_odkazy"></span>Externí odkazy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Bradford_Shockley&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Editace sekce: Externí odkazy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Bradford_Shockley&action=edit&section=8" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Externí odkazy"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="wd"><span class="sisterproject sisterproject-commons"><span class="sisterproject_image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Logo Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></span> <span class="sisterproject_text">Obrázky, zvuky či videa k tématu <span class="sisterproject_text_target"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:William_Shockley" class="extiw" title="c:Category:William Shockley">William Bradford Shockley</a></span> na <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a></span></span></span><i> </i></li></ul> <div class="navbox noprint" title="Nositelé Nobelovy ceny za fyziku"><table title="" class="navbox-navbox mw-collapsible autocollapse nowraplinks noprint" cellspacing="0" data-collapsetext="skrýt" data-expandtext="zobrazit"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r17064757">.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .mw-collapsible-toggle{font-weight:normal}</style><tbody><tr> <th class="navbox-title" colspan="2"> <span class="navbox-titletext">Nositelé <a href="/wiki/Nobelova_cena_za_fyziku" title="Nobelova cena za fyziku">Nobelovy ceny za fyziku</a></span> </th> </tr><tr class="navbox-padding"><td></td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group">1901–1925</td> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist"> <div> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Conrad_R%C3%B6ntgen" title="Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen">Wilhelm Röntgen</a> (1901)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hendrik_Antoon_Lorentz" title="Hendrik Antoon Lorentz">Hendrik Lorentz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Pieter_Zeeman" title="Pieter Zeeman">Pieter Zeeman</a> (1902)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henri_Becquerel" title="Henri Becquerel">Henri Becquerel</a> / <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Curie" title="Pierre Curie">Pierre Curie</a> / <a href="/wiki/Marie_Curie-Sk%C5%82odowsk%C3%A1" title="Marie Curie-Skłodowská">Marie Curie-Skłodowská</a> (1903)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_William_Strutt,_3._baron_Rayleigh" title="John William Strutt, 3. baron Rayleigh">Lord Rayleigh</a> (1904)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Philipp_Lenard" title="Philipp Lenard">Philipp Lenard</a> (1905)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_John_Thomson" title="Joseph John Thomson">J. J. Thomson</a> (1906)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Albert_Abraham_Michelson" title="Albert Abraham Michelson">Albert Michelson</a> (1907)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Lippmann" title="Gabriel Lippmann">Gabriel Lippmann</a> (1908)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Guglielmo_Marconi" title="Guglielmo Marconi">Guglielmo Marconi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Karl_Ferdinand_Braun" title="Karl Ferdinand Braun">Ferdinand Braun</a> (1909)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Diderik_van_der_Waals" title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals">Johannes van der Waals</a> (1910)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Wien" title="Wilhelm Wien">Wilhelm Wien</a> (1911)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nils_Gustaf_Dal%C3%A9n" title="Nils Gustaf Dalén">Gustaf Dalén</a> (1912)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Heike_Kamerlingh_Onnes" title="Heike Kamerlingh Onnes">Kamerlingh Onnes</a> (1913)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Max_von_Laue" title="Max von Laue">Max von Laue</a> (1914)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Lawrence_Bragg" title="William Lawrence Bragg">W. L. Bragg</a> / <a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Bragg" title="William Henry Bragg">W. H. Bragg</a> (1915)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Glover_Barkla" title="Charles Glover Barkla">Charles Barkla</a> (1917)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck">Max Planck</a> (1918)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Stark" title="Johannes Stark">Johannes Stark</a> (1919)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Edouard_Guillaume" title="Charles Edouard Guillaume">Charles Guillaume</a> (1920)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Albert Einstein</a> (1921)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Niels_Bohr" title="Niels Bohr">Niels Bohr</a> (1922)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Andrews_Millikan" title="Robert Andrews Millikan">Robert Millikan</a> (1923)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Manne_Siegbahn" title="Manne Siegbahn">Manne Siegbahn</a> (1924)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Franck" title="James Franck">James Franck</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Ludwig_Hertz" title="Gustav Ludwig Hertz">Gustav Hertz</a> (1925)</span></li></ul></div> </td> </tr><tr class="navbox-padding"><td></td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group">1926–1950</td> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist"> <div> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jean_Baptiste_Perrin" title="Jean Baptiste Perrin">Jean Perrin</a> (1926)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Holly_Compton" title="Arthur Holly Compton">Arthur Holly Compton</a> / <a href="/wiki/Charles_Thomson_Rees_Wilson" title="Charles Thomson Rees Wilson">Charles Wilson</a> (1927)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Owen_Willans_Richardson" title="Owen Willans Richardson">Owen Richardson</a> (1928)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Louis_de_Broglie" title="Louis de Broglie">Louis de Broglie</a> (1929)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chandrasekhara_Venkata_Raman" title="Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman">C. V. Raman</a> (1930)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Werner_Heisenberg" title="Werner Heisenberg">Werner Heisenberg</a> (1932)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger">Erwin Schrödinger</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paul_Dirac" title="Paul Dirac">Paul Dirac</a> (1933)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Chadwick" title="James Chadwick">James Chadwick</a> (1935)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Victor_Franz_Hess" title="Victor Franz Hess">Victor Hess</a> / <a href="/wiki/Carl_David_Anderson" title="Carl David Anderson">Carl Anderson</a> (1936)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Clinton_Joseph_Davisson" title="Clinton Joseph Davisson">Clinton Davisson</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_Paget_Thomson" title="George Paget Thomson">George Thomson</a> (1937)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Enrico_Fermi" title="Enrico Fermi">Enrico Fermi</a> (1938)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Orlando_Lawrence" title="Ernest Orlando Lawrence">Ernest Lawrence</a> (1939)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Otto_Stern" title="Otto Stern">Otto Stern</a> (1943)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Isidor_Isaac_Rabi" title="Isidor Isaac Rabi">Isidor Rabi</a> (1944)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Pauli" title="Wolfgang Pauli">Wolfgang Pauli</a> (1945)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Percy_Williams_Bridgman" title="Percy Williams Bridgman">Percy Bridgman</a> (1946)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Victor_Appleton" title="Edward Victor Appleton">Edward Appleton</a> (1947)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Maynard_Stuart_Blackett" title="Patrick Maynard Stuart Blackett">Patrick Blackett</a> (1948)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hideki_Jukawa" title="Hideki Jukawa">Hideki Jukawa</a> (1949)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cecil_Powell" title="Cecil Powell">Cecil Powell</a> (1950)</span></li></div> </td> </tr><tr class="navbox-padding"><td></td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group">1951–1975</td> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist"> <div> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Douglas_Cockcroft" title="John Douglas Cockcroft">John Cockcroft</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Thomas_Sinton_Walton" title="Ernest Thomas Sinton Walton">Ernest Walton</a> (1951)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Felix_Bloch" title="Felix Bloch">Felix Bloch</a> / <a href="/wiki/Edward_Mills_Purcell" title="Edward Mills Purcell">Edward Purcell</a> (1952)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frits_Zernike" title="Frits Zernike">Frits Zernike</a> (1953)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Max_Born" title="Max Born">Max Born</a> / <a href="/wiki/Walther_Bothe" title="Walther Bothe">Walther Bothe</a> (1954)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Willis_Eugene_Lamb" title="Willis Eugene Lamb">Willis Lamb</a> / <a href="/wiki/Polykarp_Kusch" title="Polykarp Kusch">Polykarp Kusch</a> (1955)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">William Shockley</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Bardeen" title="John Bardeen">John Bardeen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Walter_Houser_Brattain" title="Walter Houser Brattain">Walter Brattain</a> (1956)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jang_%C4%8Cen-ning" title="Jang Čen-ning">Jang Čen-ning</a> / <a href="/wiki/Li_%C4%8Ceng-tao" title="Li Čeng-tao">Li Čeng-tao</a> (1957)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pavel_Alexejevi%C4%8D_%C4%8Cerenkov" title="Pavel Alexejevič Čerenkov">Pavel Alexejevič Čerenkov</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ilja_Frank" title="Ilja Frank">Ilja Frank</a> / <a href="/wiki/Igor_Jevgen%C4%9Bvi%C4%8D_Tamm" title="Igor Jevgeněvič Tamm">Igor Tamm</a> (1958)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Emilio_Gino_Segr%C3%A8" title="Emilio Gino Segrè">Emilio G. Segrè</a> / <a href="/wiki/Owen_Chamberlain" title="Owen Chamberlain">Owen Chamberlain</a> (1959)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Donald_Arthur_Glaser" title="Donald Arthur Glaser">Donald A. Glaser</a> (1960)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Hofstadter" title="Robert Hofstadter">Robert Hofstadter</a> / <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Ludwig_M%C3%B6ssbauer" title="Rudolf Ludwig Mössbauer">Rudolf Mössbauer</a> (1961)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lev_Davidovi%C4%8D_Landau" title="Lev Davidovič Landau">Lev Landau</a> (1962)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Paul_Wigner" title="Eugene Paul Wigner">E. P. Wigner</a> / <a href="/wiki/Maria_G%C3%B6ppertov%C3%A1-Mayerov%C3%A1" title="Maria Göppertová-Mayerová">Maria Göppert-Mayer</a> / <a href="/wiki/J._Hans_D._Jensen" title="J. Hans D. Jensen">J. Hans D. Jensen</a> (1963)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Hard_Townes" title="Charles Hard Townes">Charles Townes</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nikolaj_Gennadijevi%C4%8D_Basov" title="Nikolaj Gennadijevič Basov">Nikolaj Gennadijevič Basov</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alexandr_Michajlovi%C4%8D_Prochorov" title="Alexandr Michajlovič Prochorov">Alexandr Prochorov</a> (1964)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0in%E2%80%99i%C4%8Dir%C3%B3_Tomonaga" title="Šin’ičiró Tomonaga">Šin’ičiró Tomonaga</a> / <a href="/wiki/Julian_Schwinger" title="Julian Schwinger">Julian Schwinger</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_Feynman" title="Richard Feynman">Richard Feynman</a> (1965)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Kastler" title="Alfred Kastler">Alfred Kastler</a> (1966)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hans_Bethe" title="Hans Bethe">Hans Bethe</a> (1967)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luis_Walter_Alvarez" title="Luis Walter Alvarez">Luis Alvarez</a> (1968)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Murray_Gell-Mann" title="Murray Gell-Mann">Murray Gell-Mann</a> (1969)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hannes_Alfv%C3%A9n" title="Hannes Alfvén">Hannes Alfvén</a> / <a href="/wiki/Louis_N%C3%A9el" title="Louis Néel">Louis Néel</a> (1970)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Gabor" title="Dennis Gabor">Dennis Gabor</a> (1971)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Bardeen" title="John Bardeen">John Bardeen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Leon_Cooper" title="Leon Cooper">Leon Cooper</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Robert_Schrieffer" title="John Robert Schrieffer">John Schrieffer</a> (1972)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Leo_Esaki" title="Leo Esaki">Leo Esaki</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ivar_Giaever" title="Ivar Giaever">Ivar Giaever</a> / <a href="/wiki/Brian_David_Josephson" title="Brian David Josephson">Brian Josephson</a> (1973)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Ryle" title="Martin Ryle">Martin Ryle</a> / <a href="/wiki/Antony_Hewish" title="Antony Hewish">Antony Hewish</a> (1974)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Aage_Niels_Bohr" title="Aage Niels Bohr">Aage Bohr</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ben_Roy_Mottelson" title="Ben Roy Mottelson">Ben Mottelson</a> / <a href="/wiki/James_Rainwater" title="James Rainwater">James Rainwater</a> (1975)</span></li></div> </td> </tr><tr class="navbox-padding"><td></td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group">1976–2000</td> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist"> <div> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Burton_Richter" title="Burton Richter">Burton Richter</a> / <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Ting" title="Samuel Ting">Samuel Ting</a> (1976)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Philip_Warren_Anderson" title="Philip Warren Anderson">Philip Warren Anderson</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nevill_Mott" title="Nevill Mott">Nevill Mott</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Hasbrouck_van_Vleck" title="John Hasbrouck van Vleck">John Hasbrouck van Vleck</a> (1977)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pjotr_Leonidovi%C4%8D_Kapica" title="Pjotr Leonidovič Kapica">Pjotr Leonidovič Kapica</a> / <a href="/wiki/Arno_Allan_Penzias" title="Arno Allan Penzias">Arno Allan Penzias</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_Woodrow_Wilson" title="Robert Woodrow Wilson">Robert Woodrow Wilson</a> (1978)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sheldon_Lee_Glashow" title="Sheldon Lee Glashow">Sheldon Lee Glashow</a> / <a href="/wiki/Abdus_Salam" title="Abdus Salam">Abdus Salam</a> / <a href="/wiki/Steven_Weinberg" title="Steven Weinberg">Steven Weinberg</a> (1979)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Watson_Cronin" title="James Watson Cronin">James Watson Cronin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Val_Logsdon_Fitch" title="Val Logsdon Fitch">Val Logsdon Fitch</a> (1980)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nicolaas_Bloembergen" title="Nicolaas Bloembergen">Nicolaas Bloembergen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Leonard_Schawlow" title="Arthur Leonard Schawlow">Arthur Leonard Schawlow</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kai_Siegbahn" title="Kai Siegbahn">Kai Siegbahn</a> (1981)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_G._Wilson" title="Kenneth G. Wilson">Kenneth G. Wilson</a> (1982)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Subrahmanyan_Chandrasekhar" title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar">Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar</a> / <a href="/wiki/William_Alfred_Fowler" title="William Alfred Fowler">William Alfred Fowler</a> (1983)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Simon_van_der_Meer" title="Simon van der Meer">Simon van der Meer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Rubbia" title="Carlo Rubbia">Carlo Rubbia</a> (1984)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Klaus_von_Klitzing" title="Klaus von Klitzing">Klaus von Klitzing</a> (1985)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Ruska" title="Ernst Ruska">Ernst Ruska</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gerd_Binnig" title="Gerd Binnig">Gerd Binnig</a> / <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Rohrer" title="Heinrich Rohrer">Heinrich Rohrer</a> (1986)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Georg_Bednorz" title="Johannes Georg Bednorz">Johannes Georg Bednorz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Karl_Alexander_M%C3%BCller" title="Karl Alexander Müller">Karl Alexander Müller</a> (1987)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Leon_Max_Lederman" title="Leon Max Lederman">Leon Max Lederman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Melvin_Schwartz" title="Melvin Schwartz">Melvin Schwartz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jack_Steinberger" title="Jack Steinberger">Jack Steinberger</a> (1988)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Norman_Foster_Ramsey" title="Norman Foster Ramsey">Norman Foster Ramsey</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hans_Georg_Dehmelt" title="Hans Georg Dehmelt">Hans Georg Dehmelt</a> / <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Paul" title="Wolfgang Paul">Wolfgang Paul</a> (1989)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Edward_Taylor" title="Richard Edward Taylor">Richard Edward Taylor</a> / <a href="/wiki/Henry_Way_Kendall" title="Henry Way Kendall">Henry Way Kendall</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jerome_Isaac_Friedman" title="Jerome Isaac Friedman">Jerome Isaac Friedman</a> (1990)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Gilles_de_Gennes" title="Pierre-Gilles de Gennes">Pierre-Gilles de Gennes</a> (1991)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Georges_Charpak" title="Georges Charpak">Georges Charpak</a> (1992)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Russell_Alan_Hulse" title="Russell Alan Hulse">Russell Alan Hulse</a> / <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Hooton_Taylor" title="Joseph Hooton Taylor">Joseph Hooton Taylor</a> (1993)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bertram_Brockhouse" title="Bertram Brockhouse">Bertram Brockhouse</a> / <a href="/wiki/Clifford_Shull" title="Clifford Shull">Clifford Shull</a> (1994)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Reines" title="Frederick Reines">Frederick Reines</a> / <a href="/wiki/Martin_Lewis_Perl" title="Martin Lewis Perl">Martin Lewis Perl</a> (1995)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Morris_Lee" title="David Morris Lee">David Morris Lee</a> / <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Dean_Osheroff" title="Douglas Dean Osheroff">Douglas Dean Osheroff</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_Coleman_Richardson" title="Robert Coleman Richardson">Robert Coleman Richardson</a> (1996)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Steven_Chu" title="Steven Chu">Steven Chu</a> / <a href="/wiki/Claude_Cohen-Tannoudji" title="Claude Cohen-Tannoudji">Claude Cohen-Tannoudji</a> / <a href="/wiki/William_Daniel_Phillips" title="William Daniel Phillips">William Daniel Phillips</a> (1997)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_B._Laughlin" title="Robert B. Laughlin">Robert B. Laughlin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Horst_Ludwig_St%C3%B6rmer" title="Horst Ludwig Störmer">Horst Ludwig Störmer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Cchuej_%C4%8Cchi" title="Cchuej Čchi">Cchuej Čchi</a> (1998)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gerardus_%27t_Hooft" title="Gerardus 't Hooft">Gerardus 't Hooft</a> / <a href="/wiki/Martinus_J._G._Veltman" title="Martinus J. G. Veltman">Martinus J. G. Veltman</a> (1999)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%C5%BDores_Ivanovi%C4%8D_Alfjorov" title="Žores Ivanovič Alfjorov">Žores Ivanovič Alfjorov</a> / <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Kroemer" title="Herbert Kroemer">Herbert Kroemer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jack_Kilby" title="Jack Kilby">Jack Kilby</a> (2000)</span></li></div> </td> </tr><tr class="navbox-padding"><td></td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group">2001–2025</td> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist"> <div> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eric_Allin_Cornell" title="Eric Allin Cornell">Eric Cornell</a> / <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Ketterle" title="Wolfgang Ketterle">Wolfgang Ketterle</a> / <a href="/wiki/Carl_Wieman" title="Carl Wieman">Carl Wieman</a> (2001)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Davis_mlad%C5%A1%C3%AD" title="Raymond Davis mladší">Raymond Davis mladší</a> / <a href="/wiki/Masato%C5%A1i_Ko%C5%A1iba" title="Masatoši Košiba">Masatoši Košiba</a> / <a href="/wiki/Riccardo_Giacconi" title="Riccardo Giacconi">Riccardo Giacconi</a> (2002)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alexej_Alexejevi%C4%8D_Abrikosov" title="Alexej Alexejevič Abrikosov">Alexej Abrikosov</a> / <a href="/wiki/Vitalij_Lazarevi%C4%8D_Ginzburg" title="Vitalij Lazarevič Ginzburg">Vitalij Ginzburg</a> / <a href="/wiki/Anthony_James_Leggett" title="Anthony James Leggett">Anthony Leggett</a> (2003)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Jonathan_Gross" title="David Jonathan Gross">David Gross</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hugh_David_Politzer" title="Hugh David Politzer">David Politzer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Frank_Wilczek" title="Frank Wilczek">Frank Wilczek</a> (2004)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Roy_Glauber" title="Roy Glauber">Roy Glauber</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Hall" title="John Hall">John Hall</a> / <a href="/wiki/Theodor_H%C3%A4nsch" title="Theodor Hänsch">Theodor Hänsch</a> (2005)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_C._Mather" title="John C. Mather">John C. Mather</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_F._Smoot" title="George F. Smoot">George Smoot</a> (2006)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Albert_Fert" title="Albert Fert">Albert Fert</a> / <a href="/wiki/Peter_Gr%C3%BCnberg" title="Peter Grünberg">Peter Grünberg</a> (2007)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3i%C4%8Dir%C3%B3_Nambu" title="Jóičiró Nambu">Jóičiró Nambu</a> / <a href="/wiki/Makoto_Kobaja%C5%A1i" title="Makoto Kobajaši">Makoto Kobajaši</a> / <a href="/wiki/To%C5%A1ihide_Masukawa" title="Tošihide Masukawa">Tošihide Masukawa</a> (2008)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Kuen_Kao" title="Charles Kuen Kao">Charles Kuen Kao</a> / <a href="/wiki/Willard_Sterling_Boyle" title="Willard Sterling Boyle">Willard Sterling Boyle</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_Elwood_Smith" title="George Elwood Smith">George E. Smith</a> (2009)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Andre_Geim" title="Andre Geim">Andre Geim</a> / <a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Novoselov" title="Konstantin Novoselov">Konstantin Novoselov</a> (2010)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Saul_Perlmutter" title="Saul Perlmutter">Saul Perlmutter</a> / <a href="/wiki/Adam_Riess" title="Adam Riess">Adam Riess</a> / <a href="/wiki/Brian_Schmidt" title="Brian Schmidt">Brian Schmidt</a> (2011)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Serge_Haroche" title="Serge Haroche">Serge Haroche</a> / <a href="/wiki/David_J._Wineland" title="David J. Wineland">David J. Wineland</a> (2012)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Englert" title="François Englert">François Englert</a> / <a href="/wiki/Peter_Higgs" title="Peter Higgs">Peter Higgs</a> (2013)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Isamu_Akasaki" title="Isamu Akasaki">Isamu Akasaki</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hiro%C5%A1i_Amano" title="Hiroši Amano">Hiroši Amano</a> / <a href="/wiki/Shuji_Nakamura" title="Shuji Nakamura">Shuji Nakamura</a> (2014)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Takaaki_Kad%C5%BEita" title="Takaaki Kadžita">Takaaki Kadžita</a> / <a href="/wiki/Arthur_B._McDonald" title="Arthur B. McDonald">Arthur B. McDonald</a> (2015)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_J._Thouless" title="David J. Thouless">David J. Thouless</a> / <a href="/wiki/Duncan_Haldane" title="Duncan Haldane">Duncan Haldane</a> / <a href="/wiki/Michael_Kosterlitz" title="Michael Kosterlitz">Michael Kosterlitz</a> (2016)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rainer_Weiss" title="Rainer Weiss">Rainer Weiss</a> / <a href="/wiki/Barry_Barish" title="Barry Barish">Barry Barish</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kip_Thorne" title="Kip Thorne">Kip Thorne</a> (2017)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Ashkin" title="Arthur Ashkin">Arthur Ashkin</a> / <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Mourou" title="Gérard Mourou">Gérard Mourou</a> / <a href="/wiki/Donna_Stricklandov%C3%A1" title="Donna Stricklandová">Donna Stricklandová</a> (2018)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Peebles" title="James Peebles">James Peebles</a> / <a href="/wiki/Michel_Mayor" title="Michel Mayor">Michel Mayor</a> / <a href="/wiki/Didier_Queloz" title="Didier Queloz">Didier Queloz</a> (2019)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Roger_Penrose" title="Roger Penrose">Roger Penrose</a> / <a href="/wiki/Reinhard_Genzel" title="Reinhard Genzel">Reinhard Genzel</a> / <a href="/wiki/Andrea_M._Ghezov%C3%A1" title="Andrea M. Ghezová">Andrea Ghezová</a> (2020)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Syukuro_Manabe" title="Syukuro Manabe">Syukuro Manabe</a> / <a href="/wiki/Klaus_Hasselmann" title="Klaus Hasselmann">Klaus Hasselmann</a> / <a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Parisi" title="Giorgio Parisi">Giorgio Parisi</a> (2021)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alain_Aspect" title="Alain Aspect">Alain Aspect</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_F._Clauser" title="John F. Clauser">John F. Clauser</a> / <a href="/wiki/Anton_Zeilinger" title="Anton Zeilinger">Anton Zeilinger</a> (2022)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Agostini" title="Pierre Agostini">Pierre Agostini</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ferenc_Krausz" title="Ferenc Krausz">Ferenc Krausz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Anne_L%27Huillierov%C3%A1" title="Anne L'Huillierová">Anne L'Huillierová</a> (2023)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Hopfield" title="John Hopfield">John Hopfield</a> / <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Hinton" title="Geoffrey Hinton">Geoffrey Hinton</a> (2024)</span></li></div> </td> </tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="navbox noprint" title="Osobnost roku Time"><table title="" class="navbox-navbox mw-collapsible autocollapse nowraplinks noprint" cellspacing="0" data-collapsetext="skrýt" data-expandtext="zobrazit"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r17064757"><tbody><tr> <th class="navbox-title" colspan="2"> <span class="navbox-titletext"><a href="/wiki/Osobnost_roku_%C4%8Dasopisu_Time" title="Osobnost roku časopisu Time">Osobnosti roku časopisu <i>Time</i></a></span> </th> </tr><tr class="navbox-padding"><td></td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group">1927–1950</td> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Lindbergh" title="Charles Lindbergh">Charles Lindbergh</a> (1927)</span></li><li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Walter_Chrysler" title="Walter Chrysler">Walter Chrysler</a> (1928)</span></li><li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Owen_D._Young" title="Owen D. Young">Owen D. Young</a> (1929)</span></li><li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mah%C3%A1tma_G%C3%A1ndh%C3%AD" title="Mahátma Gándhí">Mahátma Gándhí</a> (1930)</span></li><li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Laval" title="Pierre Laval">Pierre Laval</a> (1931)</span></li><li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Delano_Roosevelt" title="Franklin Delano Roosevelt">Franklin Delano Roosevelt</a> (1932)</span></li><li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Samuel_Johnson" title="Hugh Samuel Johnson">Hugh Samuel Johnson</a> (1933)</span></li><li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Delano_Roosevelt" title="Franklin Delano Roosevelt">Franklin Delano Roosevelt</a> (1934)</span></li><li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Haile_Selassie_I." title="Haile Selassie I.">Haile Selassie I.</a> (1935)</span></li><li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wallis_Simpsonov%C3%A1" title="Wallis Simpsonová">Wallis Simpsonová</a> (1936)</span></li><li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%C4%8Cankaj%C5%A1ek" title="Čankajšek">Čankajšek</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sung_Mej-ling" title="Sung Mej-ling">Sung Mej-ling</a> (1937)</span></li><li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a> (1938)</span></li><li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Josif_Vissarionovi%C4%8D_Stalin" title="Josif Vissarionovič Stalin">Stalin</a> (1939)</span></li><li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a> (1940)</span></li><li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Delano_Roosevelt" title="Franklin Delano Roosevelt">Franklin Delano Roosevelt</a> (1941)</span></li><li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Josif_Vissarionovi%C4%8D_Stalin" title="Josif Vissarionovič Stalin">Stalin</a> (1942)</span></li><li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Catlett_Marshall" title="George Catlett Marshall">George Catlett Marshall</a> (1943)</span></li><li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Dwight D. Eisenhower</a> (1944)</span></li><li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry S. Truman</a> (1945)</span></li><li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_F._Byrnes" title="James F. Byrnes">James F. Byrnes</a> (1946)</span></li><li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Catlett_Marshall" title="George Catlett Marshall">George Catlett Marshall</a> (1947)</span></li><li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry S. Truman</a> (1948)</span></li><li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a> (1949)</span></li><li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Korejsk%C3%A1_v%C3%A1lka" title="Korejská válka">americký voják</a> (1950)</span></li></ul></div></div> </td> </tr><tr class="navbox-padding"><td></td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group">1951–1975</td> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <div> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Mosaddek" title="Muhammad Mosaddek">Muhammad Mosaddek</a> (1951)</span></li><li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Al%C5%BEb%C4%9Bta_II." title="Alžběta II.">Alžběta II.</a> (1952)</span></li><li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Konrad_Adenauer" title="Konrad Adenauer">Konrad Adenauer</a> (1953)</span></li><li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Foster_Dulles" title="John Foster Dulles">John Foster Dulles</a> (1954)</span></li><li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Harlow_Curtice" title="Harlow Curtice">Harlow Curtice</a> (1955)</span></li><li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ma%C4%8Farsk%C3%A9_povst%C3%A1n%C3%AD" title="Maďarské povstání">maďarský bojovník za svobodu</a> (1956)</span></li><li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nikita_Sergejevi%C4%8D_Chru%C5%A1%C4%8Dov" title="Nikita Sergejevič Chruščov">Nikita Sergejevič Chruščov</a> (1957)</span></li><li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle" title="Charles de Gaulle">Charles de Gaulle</a> (1958)</span></li><li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Dwight D. Eisenhower</a> (1959)</span></li><li>američtí vědci: <a href="/wiki/George_Wells_Beadle" title="George Wells Beadle">George Beadle</a> / <a href="/wiki/Charles_Stark_Draper" title="Charles Stark Draper">Charles Draper</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Franklin_Enders" title="John Franklin Enders">John Enders</a> / <a href="/wiki/Donald_Arthur_Glaser" title="Donald Arthur Glaser">Donald Arthur Glaser</a> / <a href="/wiki/Joshua_Lederberg" title="Joshua Lederberg">Joshua Lederberg</a> / <a href="/wiki/Willard_Libby" title="Willard Libby">Willard Libby</a> / <a href="/wiki/Linus_Pauling" title="Linus Pauling">Linus Pauling</a> / <a href="/wiki/Edward_Mills_Purcell" title="Edward Mills Purcell">Edward Purcell</a> / <a href="/wiki/Isidor_Isaac_Rabi" title="Isidor Isaac Rabi">Isidor Rabi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Emilio_Gino_Segr%C3%A8" title="Emilio Gino Segrè">Emilio Segrè</a> / <a class="mw-selflink selflink">William Bradford Shockley</a> / <a href="/wiki/Edward_Teller" title="Edward Teller">Edward Teller</a> / <a href="/wiki/Charles_Hard_Townes" title="Charles Hard Townes">Charles Townes</a> / <a href="/wiki/James_Van_Allen" title="James Van Allen">James Van Allen</a> / <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Burns_Woodward" title="Robert Burns Woodward">Robert Woodward</a> (1960)</span></li><li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Fitzgerald_Kennedy" title="John Fitzgerald Kennedy">John Fitzgerald Kennedy</a> (1961)</span></li><li><span style="white-space:nowrap">papež <a href="/wiki/Jan_XXIII." title="Jan XXIII.">Jan XXIII.</a> (1962)</span></li><li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King" title="Martin Luther King">Martin Luther King</a> (1963)</span></li><li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a> (1964)</span></li><li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Westmoreland" title="William Westmoreland">William Westmoreland</a> (1965)</span></li><li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Generace_Baby_boomers" title="Generace Baby boomers">generace Baby boomers</a> (1966)</span></li><li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a> (1967)</span></li><li><span style="white-space:nowrap">posádka <a href="/wiki/Apollo_8" title="Apollo 8">Apolla 8</a>: <a href="/wiki/William_Anders" title="William Anders">William Anders</a> / <a href="/wiki/Frank_Borman" title="Frank Borman">Frank Borman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jim_Lovell" title="Jim Lovell">Jim Lovell</a> (1968)</span></li><li><span style="white-space:nowrap">střední společenská třída Američanů (1969)</span></li><li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Willy_Brandt" title="Willy Brandt">Willy Brandt</a> (1970)</span></li><li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a> (1971)</span></li><li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Kissinger" title="Henry Kissinger">Henry Kissinger</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a> (1972)</span></li><li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Sirica" title="John Sirica">John Sirica</a> (1973)</span></li><li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fajsal_bin_Abd_al-Az%C3%ADz" title="Fajsal bin Abd al-Azíz">král Fajsal</a> (1974)</span></li><li>americké ženy: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Susan_Brownmillerov%C3%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Susan Brownmillerová (stránka neexistuje)">Susan Brownmillerová</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kathleen_Byerlyov%C3%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kathleen Byerlyová (stránka neexistuje)">Kathleen Byerlyová</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alison_Cheekov%C3%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alison Cheeková (stránka neexistuje)">Alison Cheeková</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jill_Ker_Conway&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jill Ker Conway (stránka neexistuje)">Jill Conwayová</a> / <a href="/wiki/Betty_Fordov%C3%A1" title="Betty Fordová">Betty Fordová</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ella_T._Grasso&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ella T. Grasso (stránka neexistuje)">Ella Grassová</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carla_Anderson_Hills&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carla Anderson Hills (stránka neexistuje)">Carla Hillsová</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Barbara_Jordanov%C3%A1_(politi%C4%8Dka)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barbara Jordanová (politička) (stránka neexistuje)">Barbara Jordanová</a> / <a href="/wiki/Billie_Jean_Kingov%C3%A1" title="Billie Jean Kingová">Billie Jean Kingová</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carol_Suttonov%C3%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carol Suttonová (stránka neexistuje)">Carol Suttonová</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Susie_Sharpov%C3%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Susie Sharpová (stránka neexistuje)">Susie Sharpová</a> / <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Addie_Wyattov%C3%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Addie Wyattová (stránka neexistuje)">Addie Wyattová</a> (1975)</span></li></ul></div></div> </td> </tr><tr class="navbox-padding"><td></td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group">1976–2000</td> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a> (1976)</span></li><li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anvar_as-S%C3%A1d%C3%A1t" title="Anvar as-Sádát">Anvar as-Sádát</a> (1977)</span></li><li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Teng_Siao-pching" title="Teng Siao-pching">Teng Siao-pching</a> (1978)</span></li><li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%BAholl%C3%A1h_Chomejn%C3%AD" title="Rúholláh Chomejní">Rúholláh Chomejní</a> (1979)</span></li><li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> (1980)</span></li><li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lech_Wa%C5%82%C4%99sa" title="Lech Wałęsa">Lech Wałęsa</a> (1981)</span></li><li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Osobn%C3%AD_po%C4%8D%C3%ADta%C4%8D" title="Osobní počítač">počítač</a> (1982)</span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> / <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jurij_Andropov" title="Jurij Andropov">Jurij Andropov</a> (1983)</span></li><li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Ueberroth" title="Peter Ueberroth">Peter Ueberroth</a> (1984)</span></li><li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Teng_Siao-pching" title="Teng Siao-pching">Teng Siao-pching</a> (1985)</span></li><li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Corazon_Aquinov%C3%A1" title="Corazon Aquinová">Corazon Aquinová</a> (1986)</span></li><li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Michail_Gorba%C4%8Dov" title="Michail Gorbačov">Michail Gorbačov</a> (1987)</span></li><li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Environmentalismus" title="Environmentalismus">ohrožená Země</a> (1988)</span></li><li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Michail_Gorba%C4%8Dov" title="Michail Gorbačov">Michail Gorbačov</a> (1989)</span></li><li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a> (1990)</span></li><li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ted_Turner" title="Ted Turner">Ted Turner</a> (1991)</span></li><li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a> (1992)</span></li><li>mírotvůrci: <a href="/wiki/J%C3%A1sir_Arafat" title="Jásir Arafat">Jásir Arafat</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela" title="Nelson Mandela">Nelson Mandela</a> / <a href="/wiki/Frederik_Willem_de_Klerk" title="Frederik Willem de Klerk">F. W. de Klerk</a> / <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jicchak_Rabin" title="Jicchak Rabin">Jicchak Rabin</a> (1993)</span></li><li><span style="white-space:nowrap">papež <a href="/wiki/Jan_Pavel_II." title="Jan Pavel II.">Jan Pavel II.</a> (1994)</span></li><li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Newt_Gingrich" title="Newt Gingrich">Newt Gingrich</a> (1995)</span></li><li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Ho" title="David Ho">David Ho</a> (1996)</span></li><li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Grove" title="Andrew Grove">Andrew Grove</a> (1997)</span></li><li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ken_Starr" title="Ken Starr">Ken Starr</a> (1998)</span></li><li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Bezos" title="Jeff Bezos">Jeff Bezos</a> (1999)</span></li><li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> (2000)</span></li></ul></div></div> </td> </tr><tr class="navbox-padding"><td></td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group">2001–dosud</td> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <div> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rudy_Giuliani" title="Rudy Giuliani">Rudolph Giuliani</a> (2001)</span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Whistleblowing" title="Whistleblowing">whistlebloweři</a>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cynthia_Cooperov%C3%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cynthia Cooperová (stránka neexistuje)">Cynthia Cooperová</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Coleen_Rowleyov%C3%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coleen Rowleyová (stránka neexistuje)">Coleen Rowleyová</a> / <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sherron_Watkinsov%C3%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sherron Watkinsová (stránka neexistuje)">Sherron Watkinsová</a> (2002)</span></li><li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A1lka_v_Ir%C3%A1ku" title="Válka v Iráku">americký voják</a> (2003)</span></li><li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> (2004)</span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Podobenstv%C3%AD_o_milosrdn%C3%A9m_Samarit%C3%A1novi" title="Podobenství o milosrdném Samaritánovi">dobří Samaritáni</a>: <a href="/wiki/Bono" title="Bono">Bono</a> / <a href="/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates">Bill Gates</a> / <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Melinda_Gatesov%C3%A1" title="Melinda Gatesová">Melinda Gatesová</a> (2005)</span></li><li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ty_(osobnost_roku_%C4%8Dasopisu_Time)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ty (osobnost roku časopisu Time) (stránka neexistuje)">ty</a> (2006)</span></li><li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> (2007)</span></li><li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> (2008)</span></li><li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ben_Bernanke" title="Ben Bernanke">Ben Bernanke</a> (2009)</span></li><li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mark_Zuckerberg" title="Mark Zuckerberg">Mark Zuckerberg</a> (2010)</span></li><li><span style="white-space:nowrap">protestující (2011)</span></li><li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> (2012)</span></li><li><span style="white-space:nowrap">papež <a href="/wiki/Franti%C5%A1ek_(pape%C5%BE)" title="František (papež)">František</a> (2013)</span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Epidemie_eboly_v_z%C3%A1padn%C3%AD_Africe" title="Epidemie eboly v západní Africe">bojovníci proti ebole</a>: Jerry Brown / Kent Brantly / Ella Watsonová-Strykerová / Foday Gollah / <span style="white-space:nowrap">Salome Karwahová (2014)</span></li><li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Angela_Merkelov%C3%A1" title="Angela Merkelová">Angela Merkelová</a> (2015)</span></li><li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> (2016)</span></li><li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hnut%C3%AD_Me_Too" title="Hnutí Me Too">ti, kteří prolomili mlčení</a> (2017)</span></li><li>ochránci: <a href="/wiki/D%C5%BEam%C3%A1l_Ch%C3%A1%C5%A1ukd%C5%BE%C3%AD" title="Džamál Chášukdží">Džamál Chášukdží</a> / <a href="/wiki/Maria_Ressaov%C3%A1" title="Maria Ressaová">Maria Ressaová</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wa_Lone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wa Lone (stránka neexistuje)">Wa Lone</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%A4jo_Sou_U&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ťjo Sou U (stránka neexistuje)">Ťjo Sou U</a> / <span style="white-space:nowrap">zaměstnanci <i><a href="/wiki/The_Capital" title="The Capital">The Capital</a></i> (2018)</span></li><li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Greta_Thunbergov%C3%A1" title="Greta Thunbergová">Greta Thunbergová</a> (2019) </span></li><li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harrisov%C3%A1" title="Kamala Harrisová">Kamala Harrisová</a> (2020)</span></li><li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk">Elon Musk</a> (2021)</span></li><li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Volodymyr_Zelenskyj" title="Volodymyr Zelenskyj">Volodymyr Zelenskyj</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ukrajinci" title="Ukrajinci">duch Ukrajiny</a> (2022)</span></li><li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Taylor_Swift" title="Taylor Swift">Taylor Swift</a> (2023)</span></li></ul></div></div> </td> </tr></tbody></table> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23078045">.mw-parser-output .navbox2{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox2 .navbox2{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox2+.navbox2{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox2-inner,.mw-parser-output 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