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class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aspetto</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Da Wikipedia, l'enciclopedia libera.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="it" dir="ltr"><p>L'<b>inquinamento da gomma</b> è una forma di <a href="/wiki/Inquinamento" title="Inquinamento">inquinamento</a> causato dalla dispersione della <a href="/wiki/Gomma" title="Gomma">gomma</a> nell'<a href="/wiki/Ambiente_(biologia)" title="Ambiente (biologia)">ambiente</a>. In modo simile all'<a href="/wiki/Inquinamento_causato_dalla_plastica" title="Inquinamento causato dalla plastica">inquinamento da plastica</a>, si verifica in vari ambienti e ha origine da una varietà di fonti, che vanno dalla catena di <a href="/wiki/Trasformazione_agroalimentare" title="Trasformazione agroalimentare">trasformazione</a> dell'<a href="/wiki/Industria_alimentare" title="Industria alimentare">industria alimentare</a> all'usura degli <a href="/wiki/Pneumatico" title="Pneumatico">pneumatici.</a><sup id="cite_ref-processindustryinformer.com_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-processindustryinformer.com-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Science_NetLinks_2011_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Science_NetLinks_2011-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Polvere e frammenti di gomma sintetica e naturale si trovano negli <a href="/wiki/Alimento" title="Alimento">alimenti</a>, nell'aria sotto forma di <a href="/wiki/Particolato" title="Particolato">particolato</a> (<a href="/wiki/Inquinamento_atmosferico" title="Inquinamento atmosferico">inquinamento atmosferico</a>), nel suolo (<a href="/wiki/Inquinamento_del_suolo" title="Inquinamento del suolo">inquinamento del suolo</a>), nei <a href="/wiki/Fiume" title="Fiume">corsi d'acqua</a>, nei <a href="/wiki/Lago" title="Lago">laghi</a> e nel <a href="/wiki/Mare" title="Mare">mare</a> (<a href="/wiki/Inquinamento_idrico" title="Inquinamento idrico">inquinamento delle acque</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Le particelle di polvere di gomma molto fini sono da taluni classificati come <a href="/wiki/Microplastica" title="Microplastica">microplastiche</a>. </p><p>Recenti studi hanno dimostrato che il <a href="/w/index.php?title=6PPD-chinone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="6PPD-chinone (la pagina non esiste)">6PPD-chinone</a>, un <a href="/wiki/Antiozonante" title="Antiozonante">antiozonante</a> utilizzato negli pneumatici, causa la morte dei <a href="/wiki/Salmonidae" title="Salmonidae">salmoni</a> quando il particolato proveniente dall'usura degli stessi si accumula nei corsi d'acqua.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cause">Cause</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inquinamento_causato_dalla_gomma&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Cause" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inquinamento_causato_dalla_gomma&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Cause"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>L'usura degli <a href="/wiki/Pneumatico" title="Pneumatico">pneumatici</a> è una delle principali cause di inquinamento da gomma.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-greencarcongress.com_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-greencarcongress.com-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A differenza delle <a href="/wiki/Emissione" title="Emissione">emissioni in atmosfera</a>, l'inquinamento da usura dei pneumatici dei veicoli non è regolamentato.<sup id="cite_ref-greencarcongress.com_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-greencarcongress.com-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tuttavia sono in fase di sviluppo alcune tecnologie mirate a ridurre la quantità di particolato proveniente dal pneumatico.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sebbene non sia immediatamente visibile ad occhio nudo, la polvere dei pneumatici costituisce una parte significativa dei detriti stradali.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kole2017_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kole2017-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Altre fonti di inquinamento da gomma sono possono essere l'<a href="/wiki/Erba_sintetica" title="Erba sintetica">erba sintetica</a><sup id="cite_ref-KPCNews_1970_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KPCNews_1970-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> e gli <a href="/wiki/O-ring" title="O-ring">O-ring</a> e le guarnizioni in gomma.<sup id="cite_ref-processindustryinformer.com_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-processindustryinformer.com-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inquinamento_causato_dalla_gomma&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inquinamento_causato_dalla_gomma&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-processindustryinformer.com-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b>^</b> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-processindustryinformer.com_1-0">a</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-processindustryinformer.com_1-1">b</a></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <span style="font-style:italic;">Process Industry Informer</span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.processindustryinformer.com/prevent-rubber-contamination-food-processing-environments/">https://www.processindustryinformer.com/prevent-rubber-contamination-food-processing-environments/</a><span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment"> Titolo mancante per url <code>url</code> (<a href="/wiki/Modulo:Citazione/Aiuto#bare_url_missing_title" title="Modulo:Citazione/Aiuto">aiuto</a>)</span>. <small>URL consultato il 23 luglio 2019</small>.<br /><div class="cite-q">«[2016] there was a significant increase in the number of recorded recalls of food products contaminated with rubber, a 22% surge compared to 2015. (Source: US market, Food Safety Magazine)»</div></cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Science_NetLinks_2011-2"><a href="#cite_ref-Science_NetLinks_2011_2-0"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <span style="font-style:italic;">Science NetLinks</span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sciencenetlinks.com/science-news/science-updates/road-rubber/">http://sciencenetlinks.com/science-news/science-updates/road-rubber/</a><span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment"> Titolo mancante per url <code>url</code> (<a href="/wiki/Modulo:Citazione/Aiuto#bare_url_missing_title" title="Modulo:Citazione/Aiuto">aiuto</a>)</span>. <small>URL consultato il 23 luglio 2019</small>.<br /><div class="cite-q">«All that rubber that gets worn off your tires has to go somewhere. And according to her research, a lot of it winds up in lakes, streams, and rivers.»</div></cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation pubblicazione" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oadoi.org/10.1186/s43591-021-00008-w"><span style="font-style:italic;">Environmental risks of car tire microplastic particles and other road runoff pollutants</span></a>, vol. 1, <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1186%2Fs43591-021-00008-w">10.1186/s43591-021-00008-w</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISSN" title="ISSN">ISSN</a> 2662-4966<span class="noprint plainlinks"> (<span title="Ricerca su WorldCat"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/2662-4966&lang=it">WC</a></span> · <span title="Ricerca sul Catalogo Italiano dei Periodici"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://acnpsearch.unibo.it/search?issn=2662-4966">ACNP</a></span>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/environment/tire-dust-is-killing-salmon/">https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/environment/tire-dust-is-killing-salmon/</a>.</cite> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parametro <code style="color:red;">titolo</code> vuoto o mancante (<a href="/wiki/Modulo:Citazione/Aiuto#citation_missing_title" title="Modulo:Citazione/Aiuto">aiuto</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969720313358">Tyre and road wear particles (TRWP) - A review of generation, properties, emissions, human health risk, ecotoxicity, and fate in the environment</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/business-48944561">Pollution warning over car tyre and brake dust</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-greencarcongress.com-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b>^</b> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-greencarcongress.com_7-0">a</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-greencarcongress.com_7-1">b</a></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.greencarcongress.com/2020/03/20200308-emissionsanalytics.html">Emissions Analytics finds pollution from tire wear can be 1,000x worse than exhaust emissions</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.euronews.com/living/2020/09/20/student-s-invention-to-stop-microplastic-pollution-wins-dyson-award">STUDENT'S INVENTION TO STOP MICROPLASTIC POLLUTION WINS DYSON AWARD</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jamesdysonaward.org/2020/project/the-tyre-collective/">The Tyre Collective at Dyson</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thetyrecollective.com/">The Tyre Collective website</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> Theodoros Grigoratos and Giorgio Martini, <span style="font-style:italic;">publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu</span>, 2014, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/bitstream/JRC89231/jrc89231-online%20final%20version%202.pdf">https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/bitstream/JRC89231/jrc89231-online%20final%20version%202.pdf</a><span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment"> Titolo mancante per url <code>url</code> (<a href="/wiki/Modulo:Citazione/Aiuto#bare_url_missing_title" title="Modulo:Citazione/Aiuto">aiuto</a>)</span>.<br /><div class="cite-q">«It is estimated that an average passenger vehicle tyre lasts for 40,000-50,000 km before it is worn out, with approximately 10-30% of its tread rubber emitted into the environment. ... A wide range of chemicals can be found in vehicle tyres, depending on required performance standards and the manufacturing company. It has been reported that a common-sized all season passenger commercial tyre contains approximately 30 kinds of synthetic rubber, 8 kinds of natural rubber, 8 kinds of carbon black, steel cord for belts, polyester and nylon fibre, steel bead wire and 40 different chemicals, waxes, oils, pigments, silica and clays.»</div></cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kole2017-12"><a href="#cite_ref-Kole2017_12-0"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation pubblicazione" style="font-style:normal"> Kole, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oadoi.org/10.3390/ijerph14101265"><span style="font-style:italic;">Wear and Tear of Tyres: A Stealthy Source of Microplastics in the Environment</span></a>, vol. 14, MDPI AG, <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.3390%2Fijerph14101265">10.3390/ijerph14101265</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISSN" title="ISSN">ISSN</a> 1660-4601<span class="noprint plainlinks"> (<span title="Ricerca su WorldCat"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/1660-4601&lang=it">WC</a></span> · <span title="Ricerca sul Catalogo Italiano dei Periodici"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://acnpsearch.unibo.it/search?issn=1660-4601">ACNP</a></span>)</span>, <a href="/wiki/PMID" title="PMID">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29053641">29053641</a>.<br /><div class="cite-q">«Wear and tear from tyres significantly contributes to the flow of (micro-)plastics into the environment. ... The estimated per capita emission ranges from 0.23 to 4.7 kg/year, with a global average of 0.81 kg/year.»</div></cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-KPCNews_1970-13"><a href="#cite_ref-KPCNews_1970_13-0"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <span style="font-style:italic;">KPCNews</span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kpcnews.com/opinions/article_d1702ddd-8fe6-59a8-8248-854497bb8657.html">https://www.kpcnews.com/opinions/article_d1702ddd-8fe6-59a8-8248-854497bb8657.html</a><span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment"> Titolo mancante per url <code>url</code> (<a href="/wiki/Modulo:Citazione/Aiuto#bare_url_missing_title" title="Modulo:Citazione/Aiuto">aiuto</a>)</span>. <small>URL consultato il 23 luglio 2019</small>.</cite></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voci_correlate">Voci correlate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inquinamento_causato_dalla_gomma&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Voci correlate" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inquinamento_causato_dalla_gomma&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Voci correlate"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inquinamento_causato_dalla_plastica" title="Inquinamento causato dalla plastica">Inquinamento causato dalla plastica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solfuro_di_carbonile" title="Solfuro di carbonile">Solfuro di carbonile</a></li></ul> <div class="noprint" style="width:100%; padding: 3px 0; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; row-gap: 4px; column-gap: 8px; box-sizing: border-box;"><div style="flex-grow: 1"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140555418">.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{width:100%;line-height:25px;border:1px solid #CCF;background-color:#F0EEFF;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#FAFAFA}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{background-color:#202122;border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#282929}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{background-color:#202122;border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#282929}}</style><div class="itwiki-template-occhiello"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sunflower_d1.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Ecologia e ambiente"><img alt=" " src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Sunflower_d1.png/23px-Sunflower_d1.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Sunflower_d1.png/36px-Sunflower_d1.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Sunflower_d1.png/47px-Sunflower_d1.png 2x" data-file-width="752" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portale:Ecologia_e_ambiente" title="Portale:Ecologia e ambiente">Portale Ecologia e ambiente</a></b>: accedi alle voci di Wikipedia che trattano di ecologia e ambiente</div></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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