CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Names of God in Christianity - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"01f56f90-ae72-40d7-bbde-c72201bc7b2f","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Names_of_God_in_Christianity","wgTitle":"Names of God in Christianity","wgCurRevisionId":1253121456,"wgRevisionId":1253121456,"wgArticleId":23904997,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Articles containing Biblical Hebrew-language text","Articles containing Greek-language text","Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text","Commons category link is on Wikidata","Names of God in Christianity","Language and mysticism","God in Christianity"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext", "wgRelevantPageName":"Names_of_God_in_Christianity","wgRelevantArticleId":23904997,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":30000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q17011922","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile" ,"model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher", "ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Jhwhnykoping.jpg/1200px-Jhwhnykoping.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="997"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Jhwhnykoping.jpg/800px-Jhwhnykoping.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="664"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Jhwhnykoping.jpg/640px-Jhwhnykoping.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="532"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Names of God in Christianity - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Names_of_God_in_Christianity"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Names_of_God_in_Christianity&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Names_of_God_in_Christianity"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Names_of_God_in_Christianity rootpage-Names_of_God_in_Christianity skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Names+of+God+in+Christianity" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Names+of+God+in+Christianity" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Names+of+God+in+Christianity" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Names+of+God+in+Christianity" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Old_Testament" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Old_Testament"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Old Testament</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Old_Testament-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_Testament" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_Testament"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>New Testament</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_Testament-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sanctity_and_power_of_the_name" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sanctity_and_power_of_the_name"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Sanctity and power of the name</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sanctity_and_power_of_the_name-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Sanctity and power of the name subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sanctity_and_power_of_the_name-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-More_than_a_name" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#More_than_a_name"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>More than a name</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-More_than_a_name-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Name_of_God,_way_of_God" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Name_of_God,_way_of_God"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Name of God, way of God</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Name_of_God,_way_of_God-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hallowed_be_thy_name" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hallowed_be_thy_name"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Hallowed be thy name</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hallowed_be_thy_name-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Names of God in Christianity</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 4 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-4" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">4 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="أسماء الله في المسيحية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أسماء الله في المسيحية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EB%8F%85%EA%B5%90%EC%97%90%EC%84%9C%EC%9D%98_%EC%8B%A0%EC%9D%98_%EC%9D%B4%EB%A6%84%EB%93%A4" title="기독교에서의 신의 이름들 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="기독교에서의 신의 이름들" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nama_Allah_(Kekristenan)" title="Nama Allah (Kekristenan) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Nama Allah (Kekristenan)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emri_i_Zotit_n%C3%AB_Bibel" title="Emri i Zotit në Bibel – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Emri i Zotit në Bibel" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q17011922#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Names_of_God_in_Christianity" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Names_of_God_in_Christianity" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Names_of_God_in_Christianity"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Names_of_God_in_Christianity&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Names_of_God_in_Christianity&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Names_of_God_in_Christianity"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Names_of_God_in_Christianity&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Names_of_God_in_Christianity&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Names_of_God_in_Christianity" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Names_of_God_in_Christianity" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Names_of_God_in_Christianity&oldid=1253121456" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Names_of_God_in_Christianity&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Names_of_God_in_Christianity&id=1253121456&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FNames_of_God_in_Christianity"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FNames_of_God_in_Christianity"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Names_of_God_in_Christianity&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Names_of_God_in_Christianity&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Names_of_God_in_Christianity" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q17011922" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Terms for the Christian deity</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jhwhnykoping.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Jhwhnykoping.jpg/240px-Jhwhnykoping.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Jhwhnykoping.jpg/360px-Jhwhnykoping.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Jhwhnykoping.jpg/480px-Jhwhnykoping.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1888" data-file-height="1568" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Tetragrammaton" title="Tetragrammaton">Tetragrammaton</a> YHWH, the name of God written in the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_alphabet" title="Hebrew alphabet">Hebrew alphabet</a>, All Saints Church, <a href="/wiki/Nyk%C3%B6ping" title="Nyköping">Nyköping</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Names_of_God,_Knox_house.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Names_of_God%2C_Knox_house.jpg/220px-Names_of_God%2C_Knox_house.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Names_of_God%2C_Knox_house.jpg/330px-Names_of_God%2C_Knox_house.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Names_of_God%2C_Knox_house.jpg/440px-Names_of_God%2C_Knox_house.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="3240" /></a><figcaption>Names of God at <a href="/wiki/John_Knox_House" title="John Knox House">John Knox House</a>: "θεός, DEUS, GOD."</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a> usually uses the <a href="/wiki/Name_of_God" class="mw-redirect" title="Name of God">name of God</a> in the singular (e.g. Ex. 20:7 or Ps. 8:1), generally using the terms in a very general sense rather than referring to any special designation of God.<sup id="cite_ref-Berkhof19_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Berkhof19-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, general references to the name of God may branch to other special forms which express His multifaceted <a href="/wiki/Attributes_of_God_in_Christianity" title="Attributes of God in Christianity">attributes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Berkhof19_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Berkhof19-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament/Hebrew Bible</a> reveals <a href="/wiki/Tetragrammaton" title="Tetragrammaton">YHWH</a> (often vocalized with vowels as "Yahweh" or "Jehovah") as the personal name of God, along with certain titles including <a href="/wiki/Elyon" title="Elyon">El Elyon</a> and <a href="/wiki/El_Shaddai" title="El Shaddai">El Shaddai</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Parke-Taylor2006_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Parke-Taylor2006-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-USCCB2008_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USCCB2008-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Jah" title="Jah">Jah</a> or Yah is an abbreviation of Jahweh/Yahweh, and often sees usage by Christians in the interjection "<a href="/wiki/Hallelujah" title="Hallelujah">Hallelujah</a>", meaning "Praise Yah", which is used to give God glory.<sup id="cite_ref-Loewen2020_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Loewen2020-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a> the terms <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Theos" class="extiw" title="wikt:Theos">Theos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kyrios" title="Kyrios">Kyrios</a> and <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pater" class="extiw" title="wikt:pater">Patēr</a> (πατήρ i.e. Father in Greek) are additionally used to reference God.<sup id="cite_ref-GreenMcKnightMarshall1992_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GreenMcKnightMarshall1992-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Berkhof19_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Berkhof19-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Respect for the name of <a href="/wiki/God_in_Christianity" title="God in Christianity">God</a> is one of the <a href="/wiki/Thou_shalt_not_take_the_name_of_the_Lord_thy_God_in_vain" title="Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy God in vain">Ten Commandments</a>, which some Christian teachings interpret to be not only a command to avoid the improper use of God's name, but a directive to exalt it through both pious deeds and praise.<sup id="cite_ref-Miller_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Miller-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is reflected in the first petition in the <a href="/wiki/Lord%27s_Prayer" title="Lord's Prayer">Lord's Prayer</a> addressed to <a href="/wiki/God_the_Father" title="God the Father">God the Father</a>: "Hallowed be Thy Name".<sup id="cite_ref-Georg282_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Georg282-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Going back to the <a href="/wiki/Church_Fathers" title="Church Fathers">Church Fathers</a>, the name of God has been seen as a representation of the entire system of "divine truth" revealed to the faithful "that believe on his name" as in <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/John#1:12" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/John">John 1:12</a> or "walk in the name of Jehovah our God" in <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Micah#4:5" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/Micah">Micah 4:5</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Pink23_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pink23-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Cyril_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cyril-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Revelation#3:12" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/Revelation">Revelation 3:12</a> those who bear the name of God are destined for the <a href="/wiki/New_Jerusalem" title="New Jerusalem">New Jerusalem</a>; which will come down (to earth) from heaven. <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/John#17:6" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/John">John 17:6</a> presents the teachings of <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a> as the manifestation of the name of God to his disciples.<sup id="cite_ref-Pink23_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pink23-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/John#12:28" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/John">John 12:28</a> presents the sacrifice of Jesus the <a href="/wiki/Lamb_of_God" title="Lamb of God">Lamb of God</a>, and the ensuing salvation delivered through it as the glorification of the name of God, with the voice from Heaven confirming Jesus' petition ("Father, glorify thy name") by saying: "I have both glorified it, and will glorify it again" referring to the baptism and crucifixion of Jesus.<sup id="cite_ref-WBC274_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WBC274-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Old_Testament">Old Testament</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Names_of_God_in_Christianity&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Old Testament"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:YHWH.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/YHWH.svg/143px-YHWH.svg.png" decoding="async" width="143" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/YHWH.svg/215px-YHWH.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/YHWH.svg/286px-YHWH.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="612" data-file-height="256" /></a><figcaption>YHWH, the Hebrew Name for God</figcaption></figure> <p>The simplest form by which God is referred to in the Old Testament is <a href="/wiki/El_(deity)" title="El (deity)">El</a><sup id="cite_ref-Systematic47_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Systematic47-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mercer_36_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mercer_36-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Herb25_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Herb25-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (see proper names of <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Canaanite_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Canaanite religion">earlier Canaanite gods</a>). <a href="/wiki/Elohim" title="Elohim">Elohim</a> (singular Eloah) is likely derived from the same root and points to God as being strong and mighty, able to judge and to strike fear.<sup id="cite_ref-Systematic47_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Systematic47-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Herb25_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Herb25-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Elyon" title="Elyon">Elyon</a> refers to elevation and being exalted.<sup id="cite_ref-Systematic47_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Systematic47-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These are, however, not proper names for God, but <a href="/wiki/Epithet" title="Epithet">epithets</a> also used for rulers and judges.<sup id="cite_ref-Systematic47_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Systematic47-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Names_of_God_in_Judaism#Adonai" title="Names of God in Judaism">Adonai</a> has a similar context and refers to God as a powerful ruler.<sup id="cite_ref-Systematic47_13-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Systematic47-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mercer_36_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mercer_36-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similarly, <a href="/wiki/El_Shaddai" title="El Shaddai">El Shaddai</a>, derived from "shad" i.e. Lord, also points to the power of God.<sup id="cite_ref-Systematic47_13-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Systematic47-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Yahweh" title="Yahweh">Yahweh</a> is the principal name in the Old Testament by which God reveals himself and is the most sacred, distinctive and incommunicable name of God.<sup id="cite_ref-Systematic47_13-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Systematic47-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Based on Lev, 24:16: "He that blasphemes the name of Yahweh shall surely be put to death", Jews generally avoided the use of Yahweh and substituted Adonai or Elohim for it when reading Scripture.<sup id="cite_ref-Systematic47_13-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Systematic47-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:JEHOVAH_at_RomanCatholic_Church_Martinskirche_Olten.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/JEHOVAH_at_RomanCatholic_Church_Martinskirche_Olten.JPG/250px-JEHOVAH_at_RomanCatholic_Church_Martinskirche_Olten.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/JEHOVAH_at_RomanCatholic_Church_Martinskirche_Olten.JPG/375px-JEHOVAH_at_RomanCatholic_Church_Martinskirche_Olten.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/JEHOVAH_at_RomanCatholic_Church_Martinskirche_Olten.JPG/500px-JEHOVAH_at_RomanCatholic_Church_Martinskirche_Olten.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption>The name "Jehovah" on the dome of the Roman Catholic <a href="/wiki/Saint_Martin%27s_Church_(Olten)" title="Saint Martin's Church (Olten)">Saint Martin's Church</a> in <a href="/wiki/Olten" title="Olten">Olten</a>, <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a>, 1521</figcaption></figure> <p>The pronunciation of YHWH in the Old Testament can never be certain, given that the original Hebrew text only <a href="/wiki/Abjad" title="Abjad">used consonants</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Brom504_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brom504-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The English form <a href="/wiki/Jehovah" title="Jehovah">Jehovah</a> (<span title="Biblical Hebrew-language text"><span lang="hbo"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1241449095">.mw-parser-output .script-hebrew,.mw-parser-output .script-Hebr{font-family:"Ezra SIL SR","Ezra SIL","SBL Hebrew","Taamey Frank CLM","SBL BibLit","Taamey Ashkenaz","Frank Ruehl CLM","Keter Aram Tsova","Taamey David CLM","Keter YG","Shofar","David CLM","Hadasim CLM","Simple CLM","Nachlieli",Cardo,Alef,"Noto Serif Hebrew","Noto Sans Hebrew","David Libre",David,"Times New Roman",Gisha,Arial,FreeSerif,FreeSans}</style><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">יְהֹוָה</span>‎</span></span>, <span title="Biblical Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="hbo-Latn">Yəhōwā</i></span>) was formed during the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a> by combining the Latinization of the four consonants YHWH with the vowel points that <a href="/wiki/Masoretes" title="Masoretes">Masoretes</a> used to indicate that the reader should say Adonai when YHWH was encountered.<sup id="cite_ref-Brom504_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brom504-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus Jehovah was obtained by adding the vowels of Adonai to the consonants of YHWH.<sup id="cite_ref-Brom504_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brom504-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jehovah appears in <a href="/wiki/Tyndale%27s_Bible" class="mw-redirect" title="Tyndale's Bible">Tyndale's Bible</a>, the <a href="/wiki/King_James_Version" title="King James Version">King James Version</a>, and other translations from that time period and later. In Christianity, certain hymns dedicated to God invoke the divine name using the vocalization Jehovah, such as <i><a href="/wiki/Guide_Me,_O_Thou_Great_Jehovah" class="mw-redirect" title="Guide Me, O Thou Great Jehovah">Guide Me, O Thou Great Jehovah</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Barrett2020_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barrett2020-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a>, a Restorationist denomination, make consistent use of <i>Jehovah</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Jah" title="Jah">Jah</a> or Yah is an abbreviation of Jahweh/Yahweh/Jehovah, and often sees usage by Christians in the interjection <a href="/wiki/Hallelujah" title="Hallelujah">Hallelujah</a>, meaning "Praise Jah", which is used to give God glory.<sup id="cite_ref-Loewen2020_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Loewen2020-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many English translations of the Bible translate the <a href="/wiki/Tetragrammaton" title="Tetragrammaton">Tetragrammaton</a> as <i><a href="/wiki/The_LORD" class="mw-redirect" title="The LORD">L<span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">ORD</span></a></i>, following the <a href="/wiki/Jewish" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish">Jewish</a> practice of substituting Adonai for it.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the same sense as the substitution of Adonai, the <a href="/wiki/Septuagint" title="Septuagint">Septuagint</a> translation of the Hebrew Bible to <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a> mainly used the word <i><a href="/wiki/Kyrios" title="Kyrios">Kyrios</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <span lang="el">Κύριος</span>, meaning 'lord') for YHWH.<sup id="cite_ref-Calv21_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Calv21-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Apostle_Paul" class="mw-redirect" title="Apostle Paul">Apostle Paul</a> was likely familiar with the use of the term Kyrios in the Septuagint and used it in his letters to refer to <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a>, thus signifying his divinity.<sup id="cite_ref-Calv21_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Calv21-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mercer520_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mercer520-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The pronouncement "<a href="/wiki/I_Am_that_I_Am" title="I Am that I Am">I Am that I Am</a>" in <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Exodus#3:14" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/Exodus">Exodus 3:14</a>, in rabbinical scholarship taken as a gloss on the meaning of the Tetragrammaton, was in <a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_Judaism" title="Hellenistic Judaism">Hellenistic Judaism</a> rendered as <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc"><a href="/wiki/Ego_eimi" title="Ego eimi">ἐγώ εἰμί</a> ὁ ὢν</span></span>. In the iconographic tradition of <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Christianity" title="Eastern Christianity">Eastern Christianity</a>, it is common to depict Christ with a <a href="/wiki/Cruciform_halo" class="mw-redirect" title="Cruciform halo">cruciform halo</a> inscribed with the letters Ο, Ω, Ν for <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ὁ ὢν</span></span> "He Who Is". </p><p>In <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Exodus#34:14" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/Exodus">Exodus 34:14</a>, God does give his name as Jealous. "...for you shall worship no other god, because Jehovah, whose name is Jealous, is a jealous God." This highlights the idea that God's name is associated with His jealousy in the context of His demand for exclusive worship. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="New_Testament">New Testament</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Names_of_God_in_Christianity&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: New Testament"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Holy_Name_of_Jesus" title="Holy Name of Jesus">Holy Name of Jesus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Names_and_titles_of_Jesus_in_the_New_Testament" title="Names and titles of Jesus in the New Testament">Names and titles of Jesus in the New Testament</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ut_in_nomine_Jesu_Gesu_Rome.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Ut_in_nomine_Jesu_Gesu_Rome.jpg/240px-Ut_in_nomine_Jesu_Gesu_Rome.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Ut_in_nomine_Jesu_Gesu_Rome.jpg/360px-Ut_in_nomine_Jesu_Gesu_Rome.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Ut_in_nomine_Jesu_Gesu_Rome.jpg/480px-Ut_in_nomine_Jesu_Gesu_Rome.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3400" data-file-height="2550" /></a><figcaption>Latin inscription of <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Philippians#2:10" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/Philippians">Philippians 2:10</a>: "At the name of Jesus every knee should bow", <a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Ges%C3%B9" title="Church of the Gesù">Church of the Gesù</a>, Rome</figcaption></figure> <p>While the Old Testament has a wide variety of names and epithets that refer to God in Hebrew, the Greek text of the New Testament uses far fewer variants.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The essential uses of the name of <a href="/wiki/God_the_Father" title="God the Father">God the Father</a> in the New Testament are <i>Theos</i> (θεός the Greek term for God), <i><a href="/wiki/Kyrios_(biblical_term)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kyrios (biblical term)">Kyrios</a></i> (i.e. Lord in Greek) and <i>Patēr</i> (πατήρ i.e. Father in Greek).<sup id="cite_ref-Berkhof19_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Berkhof19-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Herb25_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Herb25-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Aramaic_of_Jesus#Abba_.28.CE.91.CE.B2.CE.B2.CE.B1.29" class="mw-redirect" title="Aramaic of Jesus">Aramaic word "Abba"</a> (אבא), meaning "Father" is used by Jesus in <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Mark#14:36" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/Mark">Mark 14:36</a> and also appears in <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Romans#8:15" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Romans">Romans 8:15</a> and <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Galatians#4:6" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Galatians">Galatians 4:6</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-mercer2_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mercer2-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the New Testament the two names Jesus and <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel" class="mw-redirect" title="Emmanuel">Emmanuel</a> that refer to Jesus have <a href="/wiki/Christian_salvation" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian salvation">salvific</a> attributes.<sup id="cite_ref-Phillips147_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Phillips147-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bible'_page_159_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bible'_page_159-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Strecker_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Strecker-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The name Jesus is given in <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Luke#1:31" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/Luke">Luke 1:31</a> and <a href="/wiki/Matthew_1:21" title="Matthew 1:21">Matthew 1:21</a> and in both cases the name is not selected by humans but is received by angelic messages with theological significance, e.g. the statement in Matthew 1:21 "you shall call His name Jesus, for He will save his people from their sins" associates <a href="/wiki/Christian_soteriology" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian soteriology">salvific</a> attributes to the name Jesus.<sup id="cite_ref-Phillips147_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Phillips147-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bible'_page_159_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bible'_page_159-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Long14_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Long14-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Schnackenburg_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schnackenburg-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel" class="mw-redirect" title="Emmanuel">Emmanuel</a>, which appears in <a href="/wiki/Matthew_1:23" title="Matthew 1:23">Matthew 1:23</a>, may refer to <a href="/wiki/Isaiah_7:14" title="Isaiah 7:14">Isaiah 7:14</a>, and does not appear elsewhere in the New Testament, but in the context of <a href="/wiki/Matthew_28:20" title="Matthew 28:20">Matthew 28:20</a> ("I am with you always, even unto the end of the world") indicates that Jesus will be with the faithful to the end of the age.<sup id="cite_ref-Kingsbury17_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kingsbury17-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Ulrich_Luz" title="Ulrich Luz">Ulrich Luz</a>, the Emmanuel motif brackets the entire Gospel of Matthew between 1:23 and 28:20, appearing explicitly and implicitly in several other passages, setting the tone for the salvific theme of Matthew.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The names of the Father, Son and the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit_(Christianity)" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Spirit (Christianity)">Holy Spirit</a> are inherently related in the New Testament, e.g. with Jesus' instruction to His disciples at the end of the Gospel of Matthew (<a href="/wiki/Matthew_28:19" title="Matthew 28:19">28:19</a>):"make disciples of all the nations, baptizing them into the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit".<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a> word <i><a href="/wiki/Pneuma" title="Pneuma">pneuma</a></i>, generally translated <i>spirit</i>, is found around 385 times in the New Testament.<sup id="cite_ref-CompanionBible_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CompanionBible-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> terms <i>Holy Spirit</i> and <i>Holy Ghost</i> have identical meanings, with the former having become the usual term in the 20th century.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Three separate terms, namely <i>Holy Spirit</i>, <i>Spirit of Truth</i> and <i>Paraclete</i> are used in the <a href="/wiki/Johannine_writings" class="mw-redirect" title="Johannine writings">Johannine writings</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The "Spirit of Truth" is used in <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/John#14:17" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/John">John 14:17</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/John#15:26" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/John">15:26</a> and <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/John#16:13" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/John">16:13</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Millsxi_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Millsxi-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/First_Epistle_of_John" title="First Epistle of John">First Epistle of John</a> then contrasts this with the "spirit of error" in <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/1_John#4:6" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/1 John">1 John 4:6</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Millsxi_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Millsxi-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sanctity_and_power_of_the_name">Sanctity and power of the name</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Names_of_God_in_Christianity&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Sanctity and power of the name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="More_than_a_name">More than a name</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Names_of_God_in_Christianity&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: More than a name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/God_in_Christianity" title="God in Christianity">God in Christianity</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Decalogue_parchment_by_Jekuthiel_Sofer_1768.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Decalogue_parchment_by_Jekuthiel_Sofer_1768.jpg/170px-Decalogue_parchment_by_Jekuthiel_Sofer_1768.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="207" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Decalogue_parchment_by_Jekuthiel_Sofer_1768.jpg/255px-Decalogue_parchment_by_Jekuthiel_Sofer_1768.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Decalogue_parchment_by_Jekuthiel_Sofer_1768.jpg/340px-Decalogue_parchment_by_Jekuthiel_Sofer_1768.jpg 2x" data-file-width="394" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>A parchment of the <a href="/wiki/Ten_Commandments" title="Ten Commandments">Ten Commandments</a>, 1768, <a href="/wiki/Jekuthiel_Sofer" title="Jekuthiel Sofer">Jekuthiel Sofer</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Although in some modern cultures names are simply labels and designators that distinguish one item from another, in Christian theology the names of God have always had much deeper meaning and significance.<sup id="cite_ref-mercer_36_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mercer_36-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the religious sense, the names of God are not human inventions, but have divine origin and are based on divine revelation.<sup id="cite_ref-Systematic47_13-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Systematic47-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Veneration of the name of God goes back to the Old Testament, and as in <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Exodus#20:7" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/Exodus">Exodus 20:7</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Ten_Commandments" title="Ten Commandments">Ten Commandments</a> state: "You shall not make wrongful use of the name of the L<span class="smallcaps"><span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">ORD</span></span> your God".<sup id="cite_ref-Ethics32_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ethics32-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Christian teachings view this commandment as not simply an avoidance of the use of the name of God, but as a directive to exalt it, through both pious deeds and praise.<sup id="cite_ref-Miller_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Miller-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Christian teachings, the name of God is not simply a label, but involves divine mysteries that require and preempt respect and praise.<sup id="cite_ref-Systematic47_13-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Systematic47-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Louis_Berkhof" title="Louis Berkhof">Louis Berkhof</a> states that the issue surrounding the use and interpretation of the names of God provide a theological puzzle in that given that God is "infinite and incomprehensible", His names transcend human thought, yet they allow Him to be revealed to humans as he descends to what is finite and comprehensible.<sup id="cite_ref-Systematic47_13-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Systematic47-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus the name of God has always been revered in the Christian tradition, and has been associated with His presence.<sup id="cite_ref-Systematic47_13-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Systematic47-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Brom504_16-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brom504-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Name_of_God,_way_of_God"><span id="Name_of_God.2C_way_of_God"></span>Name of God, way of God</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Names_of_God_in_Christianity&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Name of God, way of God"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The traditions and the hymnody of Christian liturgy have for long emphasized the importance of acting in the name of God, e.g. the <a href="/wiki/Sanctus" title="Sanctus">Sanctus</a> (which may go) states: "Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord".<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Going back to <a href="/wiki/Church_Fathers" title="Church Fathers">Church Fathers</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Justin_Martyr" title="Justin Martyr">Justin Martyr</a><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <a href="/wiki/Cyril_of_Alexandria" title="Cyril of Alexandria">Cyril of Alexandria</a>, in Christian teachings the name of God has been seen as a representation of the entire system of "divine truth" revealed to the faithful "that believe on his name" as in <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/John#1:12" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/John">John 1:12</a> or "walk in the name of the Lord our God" in <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Micah#4:5" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/Micah">Micah 4:5</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Pink23_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pink23-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Cyril_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cyril-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is further shown in Jesus' <a href="/wiki/Farewell_Discourse" title="Farewell Discourse">Farewell Discourse</a> to his disciples at the end of the <a href="/wiki/Last_Supper" title="Last Supper">Last Supper</a>, in which he addresses the Father and in <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/John#17:6" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/John">John 17:6</a> and <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/John#17:6" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/John">17:26</a> states:<sup id="cite_ref-Pink23_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pink23-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd>"I manifested Thy name unto the men whom Thou gavest me out of the world." (17:6)</dd> <dd>"I made known unto them Thy name, and will make it known" (17:26)</dd></dl> <p>In <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Revelation#3:12" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/Revelation">Revelation 3:12</a> those who bear the name of God are destined for the <a href="/wiki/New_Jerusalem" title="New Jerusalem">New Jerusalem</a>; which will come down (to earth) from heaven.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Christian teachings, although the people of God bear the name of God, even they can offend the name of God by transgressing against the nature of God, and disobeying his commandments, as in <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Romans#2:24" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/Romans">Romans 2:24</a>: "For the name of God is blasphemed among the Gentiles because of you, even as it is written.".<sup id="cite_ref-Brom482_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brom482-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hallowed_be_thy_name">Hallowed be thy name</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Names_of_God_in_Christianity&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Hallowed be thy name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Meister_des_Lehrbuchs_Kaiser_Maximilians_I._001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Meister_des_Lehrbuchs_Kaiser_Maximilians_I._001.jpg/170px-Meister_des_Lehrbuchs_Kaiser_Maximilians_I._001.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="232" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Meister_des_Lehrbuchs_Kaiser_Maximilians_I._001.jpg/255px-Meister_des_Lehrbuchs_Kaiser_Maximilians_I._001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Meister_des_Lehrbuchs_Kaiser_Maximilians_I._001.jpg/340px-Meister_des_Lehrbuchs_Kaiser_Maximilians_I._001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2024" data-file-height="2765" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Lord%27s_Prayer" title="Lord's Prayer">Lord's Prayer</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Matthew_6:9" title="Matthew 6:9">Matthew 6:9</a>, 1500, Vienna</figcaption></figure> <p>The first petition in the <a href="/wiki/Lord%27s_Prayer" title="Lord's Prayer">Lord's Prayer</a> is "<a href="/wiki/Hallow" class="mw-redirect" title="Hallow">hallowed</a> be thy name" and is addressed to "Our Father who art in Heaven". In his 4th century sermon "Hallowed be Thy Name, Thy Kingdom Come", <a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Nyssa" title="Gregory of Nyssa">Gregory of Nyssa</a> referred to <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Romans#2:24" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/Romans">Romans 2:24</a> and <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Ezekiel#36:23" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/Ezekiel">Ezekiel 36:23</a> which states: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>And I will sanctify my great name, which hath been profaned among the nations, which ye have profaned in the midst of them; and the nations shall know that I am Yahweh, saith the Lord Yahweh, when I shall be sanctified in you before their eyes.</p></blockquote> <p>Gregory stated that the petition that starts the Lord's Prayer deals with the insults, disregard, and inattention to the honor of God's name and seeks to remedy that through the pious actions of believers.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Modern Christian theology has continued that teaching, and also adds that the remedy also involves the judgement of God against those who disrespect his name.<sup id="cite_ref-Georg282_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Georg282-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/John#12:28" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/John">John 12:28</a> Jesus submits a petition to the Father and receives a response:<sup id="cite_ref-WBC274_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WBC274-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Father, glorify thy name. There came therefore a voice out of heaven, saying, I have both glorified it, and will glorify it again.</p></blockquote> <p>The first glorification refers to <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Matthew#3:17" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/Matthew">Matthew 3:17</a>: "This is my beloved Son, in whom I am well pleased." at the start of the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Jesus" title="Ministry of Jesus">ministry of Jesus</a> with <a href="/wiki/Baptism_of_Jesus" title="Baptism of Jesus">his baptism</a>, and the second to his upcoming crucifixion.<sup id="cite_ref-WBC274_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WBC274-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus in <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/John#12:30" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/John">John 12:30</a> Jesus explains to the crowd who hear the voice: "This voice hath not come for My sake, but for your sakes", referring to his crucifixion as the key element of the path to salvation.<sup id="cite_ref-WBC274_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WBC274-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other prayers in various Christian traditions have continued to refer to the name of God, e.g. the Catholic <a href="/wiki/The_Golden_Arrow_Holy_Face_Devotion_(Prayer)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Golden Arrow Holy Face Devotion (Prayer)">Golden Arrow prayer</a> begins with:<sup id="cite_ref-Ball209_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ball209-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p> May the most holy, most sacred, most adorable, most incomprehensible and ineffable Name of God be forever praised, blessed, loved, adored and glorified in Heaven, on earth, and under the earth, by all the creatures of God</p></blockquote> <p>The widespread use of the <a href="/wiki/Jesus_Prayer" title="Jesus Prayer">Jesus Prayer</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox Church</a> has also been associated with the power of the name of God, with continuing theological discussions.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Names_of_God_in_Christianity&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Attributes_of_God_in_Christianity" title="Attributes of God in Christianity">Attributes of God in Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imiaslavie" title="Imiaslavie">Imiaslavie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Names_of_God" title="Names of God">Names of God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Names_of_God_in_Zoroastrianism" title="Names of God in Zoroastrianism">Names of God in Zoroastrianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Names_of_God_in_Islam" title="Names of God in Islam">Names of God in Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Names_of_God_in_Judaism" title="Names of God in Judaism">Names of God in Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Names_of_God_in_Sikhism" title="Names of God in Sikhism">Names of God in Sikhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theonym" title="Theonym">Theonym</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Names_of_God_in_Christianity&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Berkhof19-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Berkhof19_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Berkhof19_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Berkhof19_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Berkhof19_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Manual Of Christian Doctrine</i> by Louis Berkhof (Aug 1, 2007) <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1930367902" title="Special:BookSources/1930367902">1930367902</a> pages 19–20</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Parke-Taylor2006-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Parke-Taylor2006_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParke-Taylor2006" class="citation book cs1">Parke-Taylor, G. H. (1 January 2006). <i>Yahweh: The Divine Name in the Bible</i>. <a href="/wiki/Wilfrid_Laurier_University_Press" title="Wilfrid Laurier University Press">Wilfrid Laurier University Press</a>. p. 4. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88920-652-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88920-652-6"><bdi>978-0-88920-652-6</bdi></a>. <q>The Old Testament contains various titles and surrogates for God, such as El Shaddai, El Elyon, Haqqadosh (The Holy One), and Adonai. In chapter three, consideration will be given to names ascribed to God in the patriarchal period. Gerhard von Rad reminds us that these names became secondary after the name YHWH had been known to Israel, for "these rudimentary names which derive from old traditions, and from the oldest of them, never had the function of extending the name so as to stand alongside the name Jahweh to serve as fuller forms of address; rather, they were occasionally made use of in place of the name Jahweh." In this respect YHWH stands in contrast to the principal deities of the Babylonians and the Egyptians. "Jahweh had only one name; Marduk had fifty with which his praises as victor over Tiamat were sung in hymns. Similarly, the Egyptian god Re is the god with many names.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Yahweh%3A+The+Divine+Name+in+the+Bible&rft.pages=4&rft.pub=Wilfrid+Laurier+University+Press&rft.date=2006-01-01&rft.isbn=978-0-88920-652-6&rft.aulast=Parke-Taylor&rft.aufirst=G.+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANames+of+God+in+Christianity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-USCCB2008-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-USCCB2008_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.usccb.org/prayer-and-worship/the-mass/frequently-asked-questions/the-name-of-god-in-the-liturgy.cfm">"The Name of God in the Liturgy"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Conference_of_Catholic_Bishops" title="United States Conference of Catholic Bishops">United States Conference of Catholic Bishops</a>. 2008. <q>…pronouncing the God of Israel's proper name," known as the holy or divine tetragrammaton, written with four consonants, YHWH, in the Hebrew alphabet. In order to vocalize it, it is necessary to introduce vowels that alter the written and spoken forms of the name (i.e. "Yahweh" or "Jehovah").</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Name+of+God+in+the+Liturgy&rft.pub=United+States+Conference+of+Catholic+Bishops&rft.date=2008&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usccb.org%2Fprayer-and-worship%2Fthe-mass%2Ffrequently-asked-questions%2Fthe-name-of-god-in-the-liturgy.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANames+of+God+in+Christianity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qTIDDgAAQBAJ&dq=%22on+the+etymology+and+meaning+of+the+name+Yahweh%2C+there+is+almost+no+agreement%22&pg=PT108">Walter C. Kaiser, Jr., <i>Exodus</i> (Zondervan 2017)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Loewen2020-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Loewen2020_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Loewen2020_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLoewen2020" class="citation book cs1">Loewen, Jacob A. (1 June 2020). <i>The Bible in Cross Cultural Perspective</i> (Revised ed.). William Carey Publishing. p. 182. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-64508-304-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-64508-304-7"><bdi>978-1-64508-304-7</bdi></a>. <q>Shorter forms of Yahweh: The name Yahweh also appears in a shortened form, transliterated Jah (pronounced Yah) in the Revised Version and the American Standard Version, either in the text or footnote: "my song is Jah" (Ex 15:2); "by Jah, his name" (Ps 68:4); "I shall not see Jah in Jah's land (Is 38:11). It is common also in such often untranslated compounds as hallelujah 'praise Jah' (Ps 135:3; 146:10, 148:14), and in proper names like Elijah, 'my God is Jah,' Adonijah, 'my Lord is Jah,' Isaiah, 'Jah has saved.'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Bible+in+Cross+Cultural+Perspective&rft.pages=182&rft.edition=Revised&rft.pub=William+Carey+Publishing&rft.date=2020-06-01&rft.isbn=978-1-64508-304-7&rft.aulast=Loewen&rft.aufirst=Jacob+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANames+of+God+in+Christianity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GreenMcKnightMarshall1992-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GreenMcKnightMarshall1992_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreenMcKnightMarshall1992" class="citation book cs1">Green, Joel B.; McKnight, Scot; Marshall, I. Howard (18 February 1992). <i>Dictionary of Jesus and the Gospels: A Compendium of Contemporary Biblical Scholarship</i>. InterVarsity Press. p. 271. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8308-1777-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8308-1777-1"><bdi>978-0-8308-1777-1</bdi></a>. <q>Many of the uses of <i>kyrios</i> for God are in citations of the OT and in expressions derived from the OT (e.g., "angel of the Lord") , and in these passages the term functions as the Greek translation of the Hebrew OT name for God, Yahweh. For example, twenty-five of the uses of <i>kyrios</i> for God in Luke are in the first two chapters, where the phrasing is so heavily influenced by the OT. The third frequently used term for God is "Father" (<i>patēr</i>), doubtless the most familiar term for God in Christian tradition and also perhaps the most theologically significant title for God in the NT. Unlike the other terms for God already mentioned--without exception in the Synoptics, and with only a few exceptions in John--"Father" as a title for God appears only in the sayings attributed to Jesus (the Johannine exceptions are in editorial remarks by the Evangelist in 1:14, 18, a saying of Philip in 14:8 and the crowd's claim in 8:41).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Jesus+and+the+Gospels%3A+A+Compendium+of+Contemporary+Biblical+Scholarship&rft.pages=271&rft.pub=InterVarsity+Press&rft.date=1992-02-18&rft.isbn=978-0-8308-1777-1&rft.aulast=Green&rft.aufirst=Joel+B.&rft.au=McKnight%2C+Scot&rft.au=Marshall%2C+I.+Howard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANames+of+God+in+Christianity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://studentsoul.intervarsity.org/names-of-god">"From Elohim to Abba: the intimate names of God | StudentSoul"</a>. <i>studentsoul.intervarsity.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-10-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=studentsoul.intervarsity.org&rft.atitle=From+Elohim+to+Abba%3A+the+intimate+names+of+God+%7C+StudentSoul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstudentsoul.intervarsity.org%2Fnames-of-god&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANames+of+God+in+Christianity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Miller-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Miller_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Miller_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Ten Commandments: Interpretation: Resources for the Use of Scripture in the Church</i> by Patrick D. Miller (Aug 6, 2009) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0664230555" title="Special:BookSources/0664230555">0664230555</a> page 111</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Georg282-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Georg282_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Georg282_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Theology of the New Testament</i> by Georg Strecker (2000) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0664223362" title="Special:BookSources/0664223362">0664223362</a> page 282</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pink23-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pink23_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pink23_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pink23_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pink23_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Ten Commandments</i> by Arthur W. Pink (Dec 30, 2007) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1589603753" title="Special:BookSources/1589603753">1589603753</a> pages 23–24</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cyril-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cyril_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cyril_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>John 11-21</i> (Ancient Christian Commentary on Scripture) by Joel C. Elowsky (May 23, 2007) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0830810994" title="Special:BookSources/0830810994">0830810994</a> page 237</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WBC274-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WBC274_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WBC274_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WBC274_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WBC274_12-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i> Wiersbe Bible Commentary</i> by Warren W. Wiersbe (Nov 1, 2007) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0781445396" title="Special:BookSources/0781445396">0781445396</a> page 274</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Systematic47-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Systematic47_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Systematic47_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Systematic47_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Systematic47_13-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Systematic47_13-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Systematic47_13-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Systematic47_13-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Systematic47_13-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Systematic47_13-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Systematic47_13-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Systematic47_13-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Systematic47_13-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Systematic Theology</i> by Louis Berkhof (Sep 24, 1996) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0802838200" title="Special:BookSources/0802838200">0802838200</a> pages47-51</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mercer_36-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mercer_36_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mercer_36_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mercer_36_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Mercer dictionary of the Bible</i> by Watson E. Mills, Roger Aubrey Bullard 1998 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-86554-373-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-86554-373-9">0-86554-373-9</a> page 336</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Herb25-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Herb25_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Herb25_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Herb25_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>All the Doctrines of the Bible</i> by Herbert Lockyer (Sep 29, 1988) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0310280516" title="Special:BookSources/0310280516">0310280516</a> pages 25–26</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brom504-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Brom504_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brom504_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brom504_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brom504_16-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>International Standard Bible Encyclopedia</i>(E-J) by Geoffrey W. Bromiley (Mar 1982) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0802837824" title="Special:BookSources/0802837824">0802837824</a> pages 504–507</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Barrett2020-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Barrett2020_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarrett2020" class="citation book cs1">Barrett, Michael P. V. (20 September 2020). <i>The Gospel of Exodus: Misery, Deliverance, Gratitude</i>. Reformation Heritage Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-60178-804-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-60178-804-7"><bdi>978-1-60178-804-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Gospel+of+Exodus%3A+Misery%2C+Deliverance%2C+Gratitude&rft.pub=Reformation+Heritage+Books&rft.date=2020-09-20&rft.isbn=978-1-60178-804-7&rft.aulast=Barrett&rft.aufirst=Michael+P.+V.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANames+of+God+in+Christianity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWatch_Tower_Bible_and_Tract_Society_of_Pennsylvania1984" class="citation web cs1">Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080411010047/http://watchtower.org/e/na/">"The Divine Name That Will Endure Forever"</a>. Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://watchtower.org/e/na/index.htm">the original</a> on 2008-04-11. <q>Jehovah's name is "majestic, great, fear-inspiring and unreachably high." All of God's purposes are linked to his name.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Divine+Name+That+Will+Endure+Forever&rft.pub=Watch+Tower+Bible+and+Tract+Society+of+Pennsylvania&rft.date=1984&rft.au=Watch+Tower+Bible+and+Tract+Society+of+Pennsylvania&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwatchtower.org%2Fe%2Fna%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANames+of+God+in+Christianity" class="Z3988"></span>'</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNASB1995" class="citation web cs1">NASB (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061207004013/http://www.bible-researcher.com/nasb-preface.html">"Preface to the New American Standard Bible"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/New_American_Standard_Bible" title="New American Standard Bible">New American Standard Bible</a> (Updated Edition)</i>. <a href="/wiki/Anaheim,_California" title="Anaheim, California">Anaheim, California</a>: Foundation Publications (for the <a href="/wiki/Lockman_Foundation" title="Lockman Foundation">Lockman Foundation</a>). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bible-researcher.com/nasb-preface.html">the original</a> on 2006-12-07. <q>There is yet another name which is particularly assigned to God as His special or proper name, that is, the four letters YHWH (Exodus 3:14 and Isaiah 42:8). This name has not been pronounced by the Jews because of reverence for the great sacredness of the divine name. Therefore, it has been consistently translated L<span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">ORD</span>. The only exception to this translation of YHWH is when it occurs in immediate proximity to the word Lord, that is, Adonai. In that case it is regularly translated GOD in order to avoid confusion.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+American+Standard+Bible+%28Updated+Edition%29&rft.atitle=Preface+to+the+New+American+Standard+Bible&rft.date=1995&rft.au=NASB&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bible-researcher.com%2Fnasb-preface.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANames+of+God+in+Christianity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Calv21-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Calv21_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Calv21_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Letters of Paul</i>, Fifth Edition by Calvin J. Roetzel (Oct 30, 2009) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0664233929" title="Special:BookSources/0664233929">0664233929</a> pages 21–22</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mercer520-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-mercer520_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Mercer dictionary of the Bible</i> by Watson E. Mills, Roger Aubrey Bullard 1998 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-86554-373-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-86554-373-9">0-86554-373-9</a> pages 520–525</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>All the Divine Names and Titles in the Bible</i> by Herbert Lockyer (Sep 29, 1988) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0310280419" title="Special:BookSources/0310280419">0310280419</a> page 93</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mercer2-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-mercer2_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Mercer dictionary of the Bible</i> by Watson E. Mills, Roger Aubrey Bullard 1998 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-86554-373-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-86554-373-9">0-86554-373-9</a> page 2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Phillips147-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Phillips147_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Phillips147_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Bible explorer's guide</i> by John Phillips 2002 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8254-3483-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-8254-3483-1">0-8254-3483-1</a> page 147</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bible'_page_159-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bible'_page_159_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bible'_page_159_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>All the Doctrines of the Bible</i> by Herbert Lockyer 1988 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-310-28051-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-310-28051-6">0-310-28051-6</a> page 159</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Strecker-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Strecker_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Theology of the New Testament</i> by Georg Strecker, Friedrich Wilhelm Horn 2000 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-664-22336-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-664-22336-2">0-664-22336-2</a> page 89</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Long14-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Long14_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Matthew</i> by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_G._Long" title="Thomas G. Long">Thomas G. Long</a> 1997 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-664-25257-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-664-25257-5">0-664-25257-5</a> pages 14–15</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schnackenburg-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Schnackenburg_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Gospel of Matthew</i> by <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Schnackenburg" title="Rudolf Schnackenburg">Rudolf Schnackenburg</a> 2002 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8028-4438-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-8028-4438-3">0-8028-4438-3</a> page 9</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kingsbury17-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kingsbury17_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Who do you say that I am?: essays on Christology</i> by Jack Dean Kingsbury, Mark Allan Powell, David R. Bauer 1999 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-664-25752-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-664-25752-6">0-664-25752-6</a> page 17</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The theology of the Gospel of Matthew</i> by Ulrich Luz 1995 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-43576-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-43576-5">0-521-43576-5</a> page 31</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Lord, giver of life</i> by Jane Barter Moulaison 2006 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-88920-501-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-88920-501-9">0-88920-501-9</a> page 5</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CompanionBible-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CompanionBible_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Companion Bible–KJV–Large Print</i> by <a href="/wiki/E._W._Bullinger" title="E. W. Bullinger">E. W. Bullinger</a>, Kregel Publications, 1999. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8254-2099-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-8254-2099-7">0-8254-2099-7</a>. Page 146.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Robin W. Lovin, Foreword to the English translation of Karl Barth's <i>The Holy Spirit and the Christian Life</i> (1993 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-664-25325-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-664-25325-3">0-664-25325-3</a>), page xvii</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Spirit of Truth: The origins of Johannine pneumatology</i> by John Breck 1990 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-88141-081-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-88141-081-0">0-88141-081-0</a> pages 1–5</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Millsxi-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Millsxi_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Millsxi_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Acts and Pauline writings</i> by Watson E. Mills, Richard F. Wilson 1997 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-86554-512-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-86554-512-X">0-86554-512-X</a> pages xl-xlx</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ethics32-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ethics32_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Christian Ethics</i> by D. Stephen Long (29 Jul 2010) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0199568863" title="Special:BookSources/0199568863">0199568863</a> page 32</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Perspectives on Christian Worship</i> by J. Matthew Pinson, Timothy Quill, Ligon Duncan and Dan Wilt (Mar 1, 2009) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0805440992" title="Special:BookSources/0805440992">0805440992</a> pages 64–65</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Philippe Bobichon, "Fonctions et valeurs des noms dans les écrits de Justin Martyr", <i>Apocrypha : Revue internationale des littératures apocryphes</i> 11 (2000), pp. 93–121.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i> Theological Dictionary of the New Testament</i> by Gerhard Kittel, Gerhard Friedrich and Geoffrey W. Bromiley (Jul 10, 1985) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0802824048" title="Special:BookSources/0802824048">0802824048</a> page 1035</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brom482-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Brom482_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia</i> by Geoffrey W. Bromiley (Feb 1, 1995) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0802837859" title="Special:BookSources/0802837859">0802837859</a> page 482</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gregory of Nyssa, "Hallowed be Thy Name, Thy Kingdom Come", Sermon 3, in <i>The Lord's Prayer: A Survey Theological and Literary</i> by Nicholas Ayo (Feb 2003) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0742514536" title="Special:BookSources/0742514536">0742514536</a> pages 125–129</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ball209-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ball209_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ann Ball, <i>Encyclopedia of Catholic Devotions and Practices</i> 2003 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87973-910-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-87973-910-X">0-87973-910-X</a> pages 209–210</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>A collection of my Favorite Prayers</i> G. P. Geoghegan (Dec 2, 2006) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1411694570" title="Special:BookSources/1411694570">1411694570</a> page 106</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Jesus Prayer</i> by Lev Gillet and Kallistos Ware (Apr 16, 1987) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0881410136" title="Special:BookSources/0881410136">0881410136</a> page 85</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Names_of_God_in_Christianity&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Names_of_God_in_Christianity" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Names of God in Christianity">Names of God in Christianity</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Names_of_God" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Names_of_God" title="Template:Names of God"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Names_of_God" title="Template talk:Names of God"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Names_of_God" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Names of God"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Names_of_God" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Names_of_God" title="Names of God">Names of God</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sahasranama" title="Sahasranama">In Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/101_Names_of_God" class="mw-redirect" title="101 Names of God">In Zoroastrianism</a></li> <li>Abrahamic <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_names_for_the_God_of_Abrahamic_religions" title="Chinese names for the God of Abrahamic religions">In Chinese</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">In Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Names_of_God_in_Judaism" title="Names of God in Judaism">In Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Names_of_God_in_Islam" title="Names of God in Islam">In Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayyi_Rabbi#Names" title="Hayyi Rabbi">In Mandaeism</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adon" title="Adon">Adonai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahura_Mazda" title="Ahura Mazda">Ahura Mazda</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khuda" title="Khuda">Khuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parvardigar" title="Parvardigar">Parvardigar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allah" title="Allah">Allah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amun" title="Amun">Amun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aten" title="Aten">Aten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atum" title="Atum">Atum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bathala" title="Bathala">Bathala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahman" title="Brahman">Brahman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhagavan" title="Bhagavan">Bhagavan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mahadevi" title="Mahadevi">Mahadevi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tridevi" title="Tridevi">Tridevi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saraswati" title="Saraswati">Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakshmi" title="Lakshmi">Lakshmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parvati" title="Parvati">Parvati</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kali" title="Kali">Kali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durga" title="Durga">Durga</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deva_(Hinduism)" title="Deva (Hinduism)">Deva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trimurti" title="Trimurti">Trimurti</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brahma" title="Brahma">Brahma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishnu" title="Vishnu">Vishnu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rama" title="Rama">Rama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishna" title="Krishna">Krishna</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiva" title="Shiva">Shiva</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiranyagarbha" title="Hiranyagarbha">Hiranyagarbha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishvara" title="Ishvara">Ishvara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Om" title="Om">Om</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasadiya_Sukta" title="Nasadiya Sukta">Tad Ekam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purusha" title="Purusha">Purusha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svayam_Bhagavan" title="Svayam Bhagavan">Svayam Bhagavan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cao_%C4%90%C3%A0i" class="mw-redirect" title="Cao Đài">Cao Đài</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chukwu" title="Chukwu">Chukwu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deus" title="Deus">Deus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devla" title="Devla">Devla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ein_Sof" title="Ein Sof">Ein Sof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_(deity)" title="El (deity)">El</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elohim" title="Elohim">Elohim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elyon" title="Elyon">El Elyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Shaddai" title="El Shaddai">El Shaddai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God" title="God">God</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/God_the_Father" title="God the Father">God the Father</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_the_Son" title="God the Son">God the Son</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit_in_Christianity" title="Holy Spirit in Christianity">God the Holy Spirit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Spirit" title="Great Spirit">Great Spirit</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manitou" title="Manitou">Manitou</a>/<a href="/wiki/Gitche_Manitou" title="Gitche Manitou">Gitche Manitou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wakan_Tanka" title="Wakan Tanka">Wakan Tanka</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haneunim" title="Haneunim">Haneunim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayyi_Rabbi" title="Hayyi Rabbi">Hayyi Rabbi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit" title="Holy Spirit">Holy Spirit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huwa" title="Huwa">Huwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyang" title="Hyang">Hyang</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acintya" title="Acintya">Acintya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanghyang_Adi_Buddha" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanghyang Adi Buddha">Sanghyang Adi Buddha</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypsistos" class="mw-redirect" title="Hypsistos">Hypsistos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I_Am_that_I_Am" title="I Am that I Am">I Am that I Am</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jahbulon" title="Jahbulon">Jahbulon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_SubGenius" title="Church of the SubGenius">Jehovah 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kami" title="Kami">Kami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mawu" title="Mawu">Mawu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulungu" title="Mulungu">Mulungu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngai" title="Ngai">Ngai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyame" class="mw-redirect" title="Nyame">Nyame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nzambi_a_Mpungu" title="Nzambi a Mpungu">Nzambi a Mpungu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olodumare" class="mw-redirect" title="Olodumare">Olodumare</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E1%BB%8Cl%E1%BB%8Drun" title="Ọlọrun">Ọlọrun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olofi" class="mw-redirect" title="Olofi">Olofi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osanobua" title="Osanobua">Osanobua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shen_(Chinese_religion)" title="Shen (Chinese religion)">Shen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shangdi" title="Shangdi">Shangdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tian" title="Tian">Tian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tianzhu_(Chinese_name_of_God)" title="Tianzhu (Chinese name of God)">Tianzhu</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sol_Invictus" title="Sol Invictus">Sol Invictus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elagabalus_(deity)" title="Elagabalus (deity)">Elagabalus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenri-%C5%8C-no-Mikoto" class="mw-redirect" title="Tenri-Ō-no-Mikoto">Tenri-Ō-no-Mikoto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plotinus" title="Plotinus">The One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umvelinqangi" title="Umvelinqangi">Umvelinqangi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unkulunkulu" title="Unkulunkulu">Unkulunkulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waheguru" title="Waheguru">Waheguru</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ik_Onkar" title="Ik Onkar">Ik Onkar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetragrammaton" title="Tetragrammaton">YHWH</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jehovah" title="Jehovah">Jehovah</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jah" title="Jah">Jah</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahweh" title="Yahweh">Yahweh</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Names_of_God_in_Christianity&oldid=1253121456">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Names_of_God_in_Christianity&oldid=1253121456</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Names_of_God_in_Christianity" title="Category:Names of God in Christianity">Names of God in Christianity</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Language_and_mysticism" title="Category:Language and mysticism">Language and mysticism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:God_in_Christianity" title="Category:God in Christianity">God in Christianity</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Biblical_Hebrew-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Biblical Hebrew-language text">Articles containing Biblical Hebrew-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Greek-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Greek-language text">Articles containing Greek-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Ancient_Greek_(to_1453)-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text">Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 24 October 2024, at 13:08<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Names_of_God_in_Christianity&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-5c59558b9d-x2g2p","wgBackendResponseTime":140,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.783","walltime":"0.919","ppvisitednodes":{"value":8841,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":62471,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":6414,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":16,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":4,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":146765,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 787.581 1 -total"," 44.70% 352.075 1 Template:Reflist"," 27.04% 212.938 34 Template:ISBN"," 18.41% 144.991 3 Template:Lang"," 16.66% 131.226 34 Template:Catalog_lookup_link"," 11.48% 90.434 1 Template:Names_of_God"," 11.07% 87.201 1 Template:Navbox"," 10.53% 82.942 4 Template:Cite_book"," 8.99% 70.819 1 Template:Short_description"," 5.68% 44.753 2 Template:Pagetype"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.424","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":15453373,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-5c59558b9d-bkzz5","timestamp":"20241130015325","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Names of God in Christianity","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Names_of_God_in_Christianity","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q17011922","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q17011922","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2009-08-08T00:40:46Z","dateModified":"2024-10-24T13:08:00Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/9\/9a\/Jhwhnykoping.jpg","headline":"names and titles that refer to the Christian God"}</script> </body> </html>