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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Mythic origin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mythic_origin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Depiction_in_art" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Depiction_in_art"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Depiction in art</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Depiction_in_art-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Depiction in art subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Depiction_in_art-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Chigi_vase" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chigi_vase"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Chigi vase</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chigi_vase-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Herakles_in_his_tenth_labor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Herakles_in_his_tenth_labor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Herakles in his tenth labor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Herakles_in_his_tenth_labor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_use_and_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_use_and_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Modern use and popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_use_and_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet 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Available in 36 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-36" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">36 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avlos" title="Avlos – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Avlos" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Авлос – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Авлос" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aulos" title="Aulos – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Aulos" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aulos" title="Aulos – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Aulos" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aulos" title="Aulos – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Aulos" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aulos" title="Aulos – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Aulos" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%85%CE%BB%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Αυλός – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αυλός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aul%C3%B3s_(instrumento)" title="Aulós (instrumento) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Aulós (instrumento)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auloso" title="Auloso – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Auloso" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aulos" title="Aulos – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Aulos" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aulos_(instrument)" title="Aulos (instrument) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Aulos (instrument)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%EC%9A%B8%EB%A1%9C%EC%8A%A4" title="아울로스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아울로스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aulos" title="Aulos – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Aulos" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aulos" title="Aulos – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Aulos" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aulos" title="Aulos – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Aulos" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A1_(%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%99_%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%94)" title="אאולוס (כלי נגינה) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אאולוס (כלי נגינה)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Авлос – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Авлос" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibiae" title="Tibiae – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Tibiae" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aulos" title="Aulos – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Aulos" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aulosz" title="Aulosz – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Aulosz" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Аул – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Аул" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aulos_(blaasinstrument)" title="Aulos (blaasinstrument) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Aulos (blaasinstrument)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%82%A6%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B9" title="アウロス – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アウロス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aulos" title="Aulos – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Aulos" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avlos" title="Avlos – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Avlos" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aulos_(muzyka)" title="Aulos (muzyka) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Aulos (muzyka)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aulo" title="Aulo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Aulo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Авлос – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Авлос" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avlos" title="Avlos – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Avlos" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Аулос – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Аулос" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aulos" title="Aulos – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Aulos" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aulos" title="Aulos – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Aulos" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aulos" title="Aulos – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Aulos" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Авлос – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Авлос" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Авлос – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Авлос" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%A4%AB%E6%B4%9B%E6%96%AF%E7%AE%A1" title="阿夫洛斯管 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="阿夫洛斯管" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q324299#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ancient Greek wind instrument</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Aulos</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Banquet_Euaion_Louvre_G467_n2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Banquet_Euaion_Louvre_G467_n2.jpg/225px-Banquet_Euaion_Louvre_G467_n2.jpg" decoding="async" width="225" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Banquet_Euaion_Louvre_G467_n2.jpg/338px-Banquet_Euaion_Louvre_G467_n2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Banquet_Euaion_Louvre_G467_n2.jpg/450px-Banquet_Euaion_Louvre_G467_n2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="1222" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Musical_instrument_classification" title="Musical instrument classification">Classification</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left"><span></span> <a href="/wiki/Double_reed" title="Double reed">Double reed</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:"><a href="/wiki/Musical_instrument" title="Musical instrument">Related instruments</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span></span> <div class="center"><a href="/wiki/Launeddas" title="Launeddas">Launeddas</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Sorna" title="Sorna">Sorna</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Rhaita" title="Rhaita">Rhaita</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Suona" title="Suona">Suona</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Sopila" title="Sopila">Sopila</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Shawm" title="Shawm">Shawm</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Zampogna" title="Zampogna">Zampogna</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Tsampouna" title="Tsampouna">Tsampouna</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Tulum_(bagpipe)" title="Tulum (bagpipe)">Tulum</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Zurna" title="Zurna">Zurna</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/aulos" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/aulos">aulos</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <p>An <i><b>aulos</b></i> (plural <i><b>auloi</b></i>;<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a>: <span lang="grc">αὐλός</span>, plural <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">αὐλοί</span></span><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) or <i><b>tibia</b></i> (<a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a>) was a <a href="/wiki/Wind_instrument" title="Wind instrument">wind instrument</a> in <a href="/wiki/Music_of_ancient_Greece" title="Music of ancient Greece"> ancient Greece</a>, often depicted in <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_art" title="Ancient Greek art"> art</a> and also attested by <a href="/wiki/Classical_archaeology" title="Classical archaeology">archaeology</a>. </p><p>Though the word <i>aulos</i> is often translated as "flute" or as "<a href="/wiki/Double_flute" title="Double flute">double flute</a>", the instrument was usually double-reeded, and its sound—described as "penetrating, insisting and exciting"—was more akin to that of modern woodwind instruments such as <a href="/wiki/Oboe" title="Oboe">oboes</a> or <a href="/wiki/Bagpipes" title="Bagpipes">bagpipes</a> with a <a href="/wiki/Chanter" title="Chanter">chanter</a> and (modulated) <a href="/wiki/Drone_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Drone (music)">drone</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An <b>aulete</b> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">αὐλητής</span></span>, <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc-Latn">aulētēs</i></span>) was the musician who performed on an <i>aulos</i>. The <a href="/wiki/Music_of_ancient_Rome" title="Music of ancient Rome">ancient Roman equivalent</a> was the <i><b>tibicen</b></i> (plural <i>tibicines</i>), from the Latin <i>tibia,</i> "pipe, <i>aulos</i>." The <a href="/wiki/Neologism" title="Neologism">neologism</a> <b>aulode</b> is sometimes used by analogy with <i><a href="/wiki/Rhapsode" title="Rhapsode">rhapsode</a></i> and <i>citharode</i> (<a href="/wiki/Citharede" class="mw-redirect" title="Citharede">citharede</a>) to refer to an <i>aulos</i>-player, who may also be called an <b>aulist</b>; however, <i>aulode</i> more commonly refers to a singer who sang the accompaniment to a piece played on the aulos. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aulos&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Britannica_Aulos_Beak_Mouthpiece.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Britannica_Aulos_Beak_Mouthpiece.jpg/68px-Britannica_Aulos_Beak_Mouthpiece.jpg" decoding="async" width="68" height="304" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Britannica_Aulos_Beak_Mouthpiece.jpg/102px-Britannica_Aulos_Beak_Mouthpiece.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Britannica_Aulos_Beak_Mouthpiece.jpg/137px-Britannica_Aulos_Beak_Mouthpiece.jpg 2x" data-file-width="173" data-file-height="767" /></a><figcaption>Drawing of the mouthpiece of an <i>aulos</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>There were several kinds of <i>aulos</i>, single or double. The most common variety was a reed instrument.<sup id="cite_ref-Howard_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Howard-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Archeological finds, surviving iconography and other evidence indicate that it was <a href="/wiki/Double-reed" class="mw-redirect" title="Double-reed">double-reeded</a>, like the modern <a href="/wiki/Oboe" title="Oboe">oboe</a>, but with a larger mouthpiece, like the surviving <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenian</a> <a href="/wiki/Duduk" title="Duduk">duduk</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-West_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-West-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A single pipe without a <a href="/wiki/Reed_(instrument)" class="mw-redirect" title="Reed (instrument)">reed</a> was called the <i>monaulos</i> (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CE%BC%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%82" class="extiw" title="wikt:μόναυλος">μόναυλος</a>, from μόνος "single").<sup id="cite_ref-Howard_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Howard-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A single pipe held horizontally, as the modern flute, was the <i>plagiaulos</i> (πλαγίαυλος, from πλάγιος "sideways").<sup id="cite_ref-Howard_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Howard-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A pipe with a bag to allow for continuous sound (a <a href="/wiki/Bagpipe" class="mw-redirect" title="Bagpipe">bagpipe</a>) was the <i>askaulos</i> (ἀσκαυλός from ἀσκός <i>askos</i> "<a href="/wiki/Wineskin" title="Wineskin">wineskin</a>").<sup id="cite_ref-google15_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-google15-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Like the <a href="/wiki/Great_Highland_Bagpipe" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Highland Bagpipe">Great Highland Bagpipe</a>, the <i>aulos</i> has been used for <a href="/wiki/Military_band" title="Military band">martial music</a>, but it is more frequently depicted in other social settings.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A normal flute would produce insufficient volume to be of any use in military application, where a <a href="/wiki/Double-reed" class="mw-redirect" title="Double-reed">double-reed</a> could be heard over larger distances, and over the clamour of marching whilst wearing armour. It was the standard accompaniment of the passionate <a href="/wiki/Elegiac_couplet#Greek_origins" title="Elegiac couplet">elegiac poetry</a>. It also accompanied physical activities such as wrestling matches, the broad jump, the discus throw and to mark the rowing cadence on <a href="/wiki/Trireme" title="Trireme">triremes</a>, as well as sacrifices and dramas.<sup id="cite_ref-West_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-West-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Plato" title="Plato">Plato</a> associates it with the ecstatic cults of <a href="/wiki/Dionysus" title="Dionysus">Dionysus</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Korybantes" title="Korybantes">Korybantes</a>, banning it from his <i><a href="/wiki/Republic_(Plato)" title="Republic (Plato)">Republic</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but permitting it in his <i><a href="/wiki/Laws_(dialogue)" title="Laws (dialogue)">Laws</a></i>. </p><p> Players of the aulos used a tool known as the <i>Phorbeia</i> or the <i>Capistrum</i>. It was a device that consisted of two straps. One was placed on top of the head and another was placed on the back of the head and stretched from ear to ear to support the cheeks.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was used by ancient musicians to play the aulos by allowing them to create noise through circular breathing and steady the instrument.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It may have also been used to prevent the reeds of the instrument from falling down the throat of the player.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another potential use for the <i>phrobeia</i> was holding the <a href="/wiki/Lip" title="Lip">lips</a> in place, taking some strain off of the lip muscles.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Britannica_Aulos_Plagiaulos.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Britannica_Aulos_Plagiaulos.jpg/220px-Britannica_Aulos_Plagiaulos.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Britannica_Aulos_Plagiaulos.jpg/330px-Britannica_Aulos_Plagiaulos.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Britannica_Aulos_Plagiaulos.jpg/440px-Britannica_Aulos_Plagiaulos.jpg 2x" data-file-width="964" data-file-height="296" /></a><figcaption>Drawing of a <i>plagiaulos</i>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Although aristocrats with sufficient leisure sometimes practiced aulos-playing as they did the <a href="/wiki/Lyre" title="Lyre">lyre</a>, after the later fifth century the aulos became chiefly associated with professional musicians, often slaves. Nevertheless, such musicians could achieve fame. The Romano-Greek writer <a href="/wiki/Lucian" title="Lucian">Lucian</a> discusses aulos playing in his dialogue <i>Harmonides</i>, in which <a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a>'s aulete <a href="/wiki/Timotheus_(aulist)" title="Timotheus (aulist)">Timotheus</a> discusses fame with his pupil Harmonides. Timotheus advises him to impress the experts within his profession rather than seek popular approval in big public venues. If leading musicians admire him, popular approval will follow. However, Lucian reports that Harmonides died from excessive blowing during practicing. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mythic_origin">Mythic origin</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aulos&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Mythic origin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Marsyas" title="Marsyas">Marsyas</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sarcophagus_Apollo_Marsyas_Louvre_Ma2347.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Sarcophagus_Apollo_Marsyas_Louvre_Ma2347.jpg/350px-Sarcophagus_Apollo_Marsyas_Louvre_Ma2347.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Sarcophagus_Apollo_Marsyas_Louvre_Ma2347.jpg/525px-Sarcophagus_Apollo_Marsyas_Louvre_Ma2347.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Sarcophagus_Apollo_Marsyas_Louvre_Ma2347.jpg/700px-Sarcophagus_Apollo_Marsyas_Louvre_Ma2347.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2220" data-file-height="970" /></a><figcaption>The competition between Marsyas and Apollo on a Roman <a href="/wiki/Sarcophagus" title="Sarcophagus">sarcophagus</a> (290–300)</figcaption></figure> <p>In myth, <a href="/wiki/Marsyas" title="Marsyas">Marsyas</a> the <a href="/wiki/Satyr" title="Satyr">satyr</a> was supposed to have invented the aulos, or else picked it up after <a href="/wiki/Athena" title="Athena">Athena</a> had thrown it away because it caused her cheeks to puff out and ruined her beauty. In any case, he challenged <a href="/wiki/Apollo" title="Apollo">Apollo</a> to a musical contest, where the winner would be able to "do whatever he wanted" to the loser—Marsyas's expectation, typical of a satyr, was that this would be sexual in nature. But Apollo and his lyre beat Marsyas and his aulos. And since the pure lord of <a href="/wiki/Delphi" title="Delphi">Delphi</a>'s mind worked in different ways from Marsyas's, he celebrated his victory by stringing his opponent up from a tree and <a href="/wiki/Flaying" title="Flaying">flaying</a> him alive. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pompeii_-_Casa_del_Poeta_Tragico_-_Theater_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Pompeii_-_Casa_del_Poeta_Tragico_-_Theater_1.jpg/170px-Pompeii_-_Casa_del_Poeta_Tragico_-_Theater_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="234" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Pompeii_-_Casa_del_Poeta_Tragico_-_Theater_1.jpg/255px-Pompeii_-_Casa_del_Poeta_Tragico_-_Theater_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Pompeii_-_Casa_del_Poeta_Tragico_-_Theater_1.jpg/340px-Pompeii_-_Casa_del_Poeta_Tragico_-_Theater_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2550" data-file-height="3510" /></a><figcaption>Theatrical scene from a <a href="/wiki/Pompeii" title="Pompeii">Pompeiian</a> <a href="/wiki/Mosaic" title="Mosaic">mosaic</a> showing a performer with an aulos and phorbeiá.</figcaption></figure> <p>Marsyas's blood and the tears of the Muses formed the river Marsyas in Asia Minor.<sup id="cite_ref-goldhill_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-goldhill-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This tale was a warning against committing the sin of "<a href="/wiki/Hubris" title="Hubris">hubris</a>", or overweening pride, in that Marsyas thought he might win against a god. Strange and brutal as it is, this myth reflects a great many cultural tensions that the Greeks expressed in the opposition they often drew between the lyre and aulos: freedom vs. servility and tyranny, leisured amateurs vs. professionals, moderation (<a href="/wiki/Sophrosyne" title="Sophrosyne">sophrosyne</a>) vs. excess, etc. Some of this is a result of 19th century AD "classical interpretation", i.e. <a href="/wiki/Apollonian_and_Dionysian" title="Apollonian and Dionysian">Apollo versus Dionysus</a>, or "Reason" (represented by the kithara) opposed to "Madness" (represented by the aulos). In the temple to Apollo at Delphi, there was also a shrine to Dionysus, and his Maenads are shown on drinking cups playing the aulos, but Dionysus is sometimes shown holding a <a href="/wiki/Kithara" title="Kithara">kithara</a> or lyre. So a modern interpretation can be a little more complicated than just simple duality. </p><p>This opposition is mostly an Athenian one. It might be surmised that things were different at <a href="/wiki/Thebes_(Greece)" class="mw-redirect" title="Thebes (Greece)">Thebes</a>, which was a center of aulos-playing. At <a href="/wiki/Sparta" title="Sparta">Sparta</a>—which had no Bacchic or Korybantic cults to serve as contrast—the aulos was actually associated with Apollo, and accompanied the <a href="/wiki/Hoplites" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoplites">hoplites</a> into battle.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Depiction_in_art">Depiction in art</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aulos&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Depiction in art"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chigi_vase">Chigi vase</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aulos&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Chigi vase"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The battle scene on the <a href="/wiki/Chigi_vase" title="Chigi vase">Chigi vase</a> shows an aulos player setting a lyrical rhythm for the <a href="/wiki/Hoplite" title="Hoplite">hoplite</a> <a href="/wiki/Phalanx" title="Phalanx">phalanx</a> to advance to. This accompaniment reduced the possibility of an opening in the formation of the blockage; the aulete had a fundamental role in ensuring the integrity of the phalanx. In this particular scene, the phalanx approaching from the left is unprepared and momentarily outnumbered four to five. More soldiers can be seen running up to assist them from behind. Even though the front four are lacking a fifth soldier, they have the advantage because the aulete is there to bring the formation back together.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Herakles_in_his_tenth_labor">Herakles in his tenth labor</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aulos&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Herakles in his tenth labor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>An amphora from <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 540</span>–530 BC depicts <a href="/wiki/Herakles" class="mw-redirect" title="Herakles">Herakles</a> in the process of completing his <a href="/wiki/Labours_of_Hercules" title="Labours of Hercules">tenth labor</a>. Auletes can be seen playing in a procession going around on the neck of the amphora.<sup id="cite_ref-moore_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moore-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed-hover"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Herakles_tenth_labor.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Herakles tenth labor"><img alt="Herakles tenth labor" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Herakles_tenth_labor.jpg/240px-Herakles_tenth_labor.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Herakles_tenth_labor.jpg/360px-Herakles_tenth_labor.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Herakles_tenth_labor.jpg/480px-Herakles_tenth_labor.jpg 2x" data-file-width="843" data-file-height="632" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 140px"><div class="gallerytext">Herakles tenth labor</div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Neck_of_herakles_amphora.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Neck of Herakles' tenth labor amphora"><img alt="Neck of Herakles' tenth labor amphora" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Neck_of_herakles_amphora.jpg/240px-Neck_of_herakles_amphora.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Neck_of_herakles_amphora.jpg/360px-Neck_of_herakles_amphora.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Neck_of_herakles_amphora.jpg/480px-Neck_of_herakles_amphora.jpg 2x" data-file-width="843" data-file-height="632" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 140px"><div class="gallerytext">Neck of Herakles' tenth labor amphora</div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 92px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 90px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Side_b_of_body_of_herakles_neck_amphora.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Geryon side of Herakles' tenth labor"><img alt="Geryon side of Herakles' tenth labor" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Side_b_of_body_of_herakles_neck_amphora.jpg/135px-Side_b_of_body_of_herakles_neck_amphora.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Side_b_of_body_of_herakles_neck_amphora.jpg/202px-Side_b_of_body_of_herakles_neck_amphora.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Side_b_of_body_of_herakles_neck_amphora.jpg/270px-Side_b_of_body_of_herakles_neck_amphora.jpg 2x" data-file-width="474" data-file-height="632" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 70px"><div class="gallerytext">Geryon side of Herakles' tenth labor</div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Side_B_of_neck_of_black_figure_amphora.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Neck of Geryon side of Herakles' tenth labor amphora"><img alt="Neck of Geryon side of Herakles' tenth labor amphora" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Side_B_of_neck_of_black_figure_amphora.jpg/240px-Side_B_of_neck_of_black_figure_amphora.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Side_B_of_neck_of_black_figure_amphora.jpg/360px-Side_B_of_neck_of_black_figure_amphora.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Side_B_of_neck_of_black_figure_amphora.jpg/480px-Side_B_of_neck_of_black_figure_amphora.jpg 2x" data-file-width="843" data-file-height="632" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 140px"><div class="gallerytext">Neck of Geryon side of Herakles' tenth labor amphora</div> </div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modern_use_and_popular_culture">Modern use and popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aulos&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Modern use and popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The sounds of the aulos are being digitally recreated by the Ancient Instruments Sound/Timbre Reconstruction Application (ASTRA) project which uses <a href="/wiki/Physical_modeling_synthesis" class="mw-redirect" title="Physical modeling synthesis">physical modeling synthesis</a> to simulate the aulos sounds. Due to the complexity of this process the ASTRA project uses grid computing to model sounds on hundreds of computers throughout Europe simultaneously.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The aulos is part of the Lost Sounds Orchestra, alongside other ancient instruments which ASTRA have recreated the sounds of, including the <a href="/wiki/Epigonion" title="Epigonion">epigonion</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Salpinx" title="Salpinx">salpinx</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Barbiton" title="Barbiton">barbiton</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Syrinx_(instrument)" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrinx (instrument)">syrinx</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The aulos was also featured in the 2009 movie <a href="/wiki/Agora_(film)" title="Agora (film)"><i>Agora</i></a>, wherein a character performs a solo in an amphitheatre. It is also visible in the 2007 movie <a href="/wiki/300_(film)" title="300 (film)"><i>300</i></a>. </p><p>Modern evolutions of the aulos exist in <a href="/wiki/Southeastern_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Southeastern Europe">Southeastern Europe</a>. In southern <a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a>, specifically, a double non-free <a href="/wiki/Aerophone" title="Aerophone">aerophone</a> resembling the aulos – called the cula diare or longari – is still played in the <a href="/wiki/Lab%C3%ABria" title="Labëria">Labëria</a> region to accompany <a href="/wiki/Albanian_iso-polyphony" class="mw-redirect" title="Albanian iso-polyphony">Albanian iso-polyphony</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These instruments are <a href="/wiki/Woodwind" class="mw-redirect" title="Woodwind">woodwind</a> but not double-reeded like the aulos of antiquity. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aulos&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Attic_red-figure_column-krater_attributed_to_the_Hephaistos_Painter,_dating_c._450_%E2%80%93_c._425_BCE,_depicting_a_sympotic_scene,_Eskenazi_Museum_of_Art.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Attic red-figure column-krater attributed to the Hephaistos Painter, dating c. 450 – c. 425 BCE, depicting a hetaira playing the aulos at a symposium for two men holding lyres, Eskenazi Museum of Art"><img alt="Attic red-figure column-krater attributed to the Hephaistos Painter, dating c. 450 – c. 425 BCE, depicting a hetaira playing the aulos at a symposium for two men holding lyres, Eskenazi Museum of Art" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Attic_red-figure_column-krater_attributed_to_the_Hephaistos_Painter%2C_dating_c._450_%E2%80%93_c._425_BCE%2C_depicting_a_sympotic_scene%2C_Eskenazi_Museum_of_Art.jpg/90px-Attic_red-figure_column-krater_attributed_to_the_Hephaistos_Painter%2C_dating_c._450_%E2%80%93_c._425_BCE%2C_depicting_a_sympotic_scene%2C_Eskenazi_Museum_of_Art.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Attic_red-figure_column-krater_attributed_to_the_Hephaistos_Painter%2C_dating_c._450_%E2%80%93_c._425_BCE%2C_depicting_a_sympotic_scene%2C_Eskenazi_Museum_of_Art.jpg/135px-Attic_red-figure_column-krater_attributed_to_the_Hephaistos_Painter%2C_dating_c._450_%E2%80%93_c._425_BCE%2C_depicting_a_sympotic_scene%2C_Eskenazi_Museum_of_Art.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Attic_red-figure_column-krater_attributed_to_the_Hephaistos_Painter%2C_dating_c._450_%E2%80%93_c._425_BCE%2C_depicting_a_sympotic_scene%2C_Eskenazi_Museum_of_Art.jpg/180px-Attic_red-figure_column-krater_attributed_to_the_Hephaistos_Painter%2C_dating_c._450_%E2%80%93_c._425_BCE%2C_depicting_a_sympotic_scene%2C_Eskenazi_Museum_of_Art.jpg 2x" data-file-width="686" data-file-height="914" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Attic red-figure <a href="/wiki/Column-krater" class="mw-redirect" title="Column-krater">column-krater</a> attributed to the Hephaistos Painter, dating c. 450 – c. 425 BCE, depicting a <a href="/wiki/Hetaira" title="Hetaira">hetaira</a> playing the aulos at a <a href="/wiki/Symposium" title="Symposium">symposium</a> for two men holding lyres, <a href="/wiki/Eskenazi_Museum_of_Art" title="Eskenazi Museum of Art">Eskenazi Museum of Art</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wall_painting_-_concert_-_Herculaneum_(ins_or_II_-_palaestra)_-_Napoli_MAN_9021.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Actress singing, actor playing aulos, girl playing cithara. Antique fresco in Herculaneum"><img alt="Actress singing, actor playing aulos, girl playing cithara. Antique fresco in Herculaneum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Wall_painting_-_concert_-_Herculaneum_%28ins_or_II_-_palaestra%29_-_Napoli_MAN_9021.jpg/120px-Wall_painting_-_concert_-_Herculaneum_%28ins_or_II_-_palaestra%29_-_Napoli_MAN_9021.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Wall_painting_-_concert_-_Herculaneum_%28ins_or_II_-_palaestra%29_-_Napoli_MAN_9021.jpg/180px-Wall_painting_-_concert_-_Herculaneum_%28ins_or_II_-_palaestra%29_-_Napoli_MAN_9021.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Wall_painting_-_concert_-_Herculaneum_%28ins_or_II_-_palaestra%29_-_Napoli_MAN_9021.jpg/240px-Wall_painting_-_concert_-_Herculaneum_%28ins_or_II_-_palaestra%29_-_Napoli_MAN_9021.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3929" data-file-height="3648" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Actress singing, actor playing aulos, girl playing <a href="/wiki/Cithara" class="mw-redirect" title="Cithara">cithara</a>. Antique fresco in <a href="/wiki/Herculaneum" title="Herculaneum">Herculaneum</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coffin_floorboard_depicting_Isis_being_served_wine_by_the_deceased,_Egypt,_Roman_Period,_30_BC_-_AD_324_-_Royal_Ontario_Museum_-_DSC09735.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Aulist performing for Isis in funerary art from Roman Egypt (Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto)."><img alt="Aulist performing for Isis in funerary art from Roman Egypt (Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Coffin_floorboard_depicting_Isis_being_served_wine_by_the_deceased%2C_Egypt%2C_Roman_Period%2C_30_BC_-_AD_324_-_Royal_Ontario_Museum_-_DSC09735.JPG/120px-Coffin_floorboard_depicting_Isis_being_served_wine_by_the_deceased%2C_Egypt%2C_Roman_Period%2C_30_BC_-_AD_324_-_Royal_Ontario_Museum_-_DSC09735.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Coffin_floorboard_depicting_Isis_being_served_wine_by_the_deceased%2C_Egypt%2C_Roman_Period%2C_30_BC_-_AD_324_-_Royal_Ontario_Museum_-_DSC09735.JPG/180px-Coffin_floorboard_depicting_Isis_being_served_wine_by_the_deceased%2C_Egypt%2C_Roman_Period%2C_30_BC_-_AD_324_-_Royal_Ontario_Museum_-_DSC09735.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Coffin_floorboard_depicting_Isis_being_served_wine_by_the_deceased%2C_Egypt%2C_Roman_Period%2C_30_BC_-_AD_324_-_Royal_Ontario_Museum_-_DSC09735.JPG/240px-Coffin_floorboard_depicting_Isis_being_served_wine_by_the_deceased%2C_Egypt%2C_Roman_Period%2C_30_BC_-_AD_324_-_Royal_Ontario_Museum_-_DSC09735.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="3240" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Aulist performing for <a href="/wiki/Isis" title="Isis">Isis</a> in funerary art from <a href="/wiki/Roman_Egypt" title="Roman Egypt">Roman Egypt</a> <i>(<a href="/wiki/Royal_Ontario_Museum" title="Royal Ontario Museum">Royal Ontario Museum</a>, Toronto)</i>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aulos_male_southern_theatre_Jerash.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A male figure playing aulos. Southern theatre at Jerash."><img alt="A male figure playing aulos. Southern theatre at Jerash." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Aulos_male_southern_theatre_Jerash.jpg/67px-Aulos_male_southern_theatre_Jerash.jpg" decoding="async" width="67" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Aulos_male_southern_theatre_Jerash.jpg/101px-Aulos_male_southern_theatre_Jerash.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Aulos_male_southern_theatre_Jerash.jpg/135px-Aulos_male_southern_theatre_Jerash.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2268" data-file-height="4032" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A male figure playing aulos. Southern theatre at <a href="/wiki/Jerash" title="Jerash">Jerash</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aulos_female_southern_theatre_Jerash.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A woman playing aulos. Southern theatre at Jerash."><img alt="A woman playing aulos. Southern theatre at Jerash." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Aulos_female_southern_theatre_Jerash.jpg/67px-Aulos_female_southern_theatre_Jerash.jpg" decoding="async" width="67" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Aulos_female_southern_theatre_Jerash.jpg/101px-Aulos_female_southern_theatre_Jerash.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Aulos_female_southern_theatre_Jerash.jpg/135px-Aulos_female_southern_theatre_Jerash.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2268" data-file-height="4032" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A woman playing aulos. Southern theatre at Jerash.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nereus_Playing_Flutes,_1st-3rd_Cent._AD.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Helenistic depiction of Aulos, from Gandhara, 1st-3rd centuries BCE."><img alt="Helenistic depiction of Aulos, from Gandhara, 1st-3rd centuries BCE." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Nereus_Playing_Flutes%2C_1st-3rd_Cent._AD.jpg/120px-Nereus_Playing_Flutes%2C_1st-3rd_Cent._AD.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Nereus_Playing_Flutes%2C_1st-3rd_Cent._AD.jpg/180px-Nereus_Playing_Flutes%2C_1st-3rd_Cent._AD.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Nereus_Playing_Flutes%2C_1st-3rd_Cent._AD.jpg/240px-Nereus_Playing_Flutes%2C_1st-3rd_Cent._AD.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Helenistic depiction of Aulos, from <a href="/wiki/Gandhara" title="Gandhara">Gandhara</a>, 1st-3rd centuries BCE.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aulos&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Reading_Aulos" title="The Reading Aulos">The Reading Aulos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Launeddas" title="Launeddas">Launeddas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zampogna" title="Zampogna">Zampogna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arghul" title="Arghul">Arghul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triple_pipes" title="Triple pipes">Triple pipes</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aulos&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/aulos">"aulos"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Merriam-Webster" title="Merriam-Webster">Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary</a></i>. Merriam-Webster.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Merriam-Webster.com+Dictionary&rft.atitle=aulos&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2Faulos&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAulos" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dau%29lo%2Fs">αὐλός</a>, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, <i>A Greek-English Lexicon</i>, on Perseus</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The History of Musical Instruments, Curt Sachs, 1940</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Arosemena-Ott, G. W. (2019). The aulos and tibia: Variation across the Ancient Mediterranean’s principal woodwind. <i>Conservatory Students Academic Work.</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://spiral.lynn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1001&context=conservatory_studentpubs">[1]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Based on archaeological remains found at <a href="/wiki/Pompeii" title="Pompeii">Pompeii</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Howard-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Howard_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Howard_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Howard_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoward1893" class="citation journal cs1">Howard, Albert A. (1893). "The Αὐλός or Tibia". <i>Harvard Studies in Classical Philology</i>. <b>4</b>. Department of the Classics, Harvard University: 1–60. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F310399">10.2307/310399</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/310399">310399</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Harvard+Studies+in+Classical+Philology&rft.atitle=The+%CE%91%E1%BD%90%CE%BB%CF%8C%CF%82+or+Tibia&rft.volume=4&rft.pages=1-60&rft.date=1893&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F310399&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F310399%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Howard&rft.aufirst=Albert+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAulos" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-West-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-West_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-West_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWest1992" class="citation book cs1">West, Martin L. (January 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=So-Qpz6WDS4C&pg=PA84"><i>Ancient Greek Music</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Clarendon_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Clarendon Press">Clarendon Press</a>. p. 84. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-814975-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-814975-1"><bdi>0-19-814975-1</bdi></a>. <q>The single reed or clarinet mouthpiece was known to other ancient peoples, and I should not venture to assert that it was not known to the Greeks. But the evidence of both art and literature indicates that it was the double reed that was standard in the Classical period. Under the Hornbostel-Sachs system, therefore, the aulos should be classified as an oboe. It must be admitted that 'oboe-girl' is less evocative than the 'flute-girl' to which classicists have been accustomed, and that when it is a question of translating Greek poetry 'oboe' is likely to sound odd. For the latter case I favor 'pipe' or 'shawm.'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ancient+Greek+Music&rft.pages=84&rft.pub=Clarendon+Press&rft.date=1992-01&rft.isbn=0-19-814975-1&rft.aulast=West&rft.aufirst=Martin+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSo-Qpz6WDS4C%26pg%3DPA84&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAulos" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-google15-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-google15_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFlood" class="citation book cs1">Flood, William Henry Grattan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DOfuAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA15"><i>The story of the bagpipe</i></a>. Рипол Классик. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781176344228" title="Special:BookSources/9781176344228"><bdi>9781176344228</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 April</span> 2021</span> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+story+of+the+bagpipe&rft.pub=%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB+%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BA&rft.isbn=9781176344228&rft.aulast=Flood&rft.aufirst=William+Henry+Grattan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDOfuAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA15&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAulos" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Herodotus, <i>The Histories</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Hdt.+1.17.1&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0126">1.17.1</a>, on Perseus</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Rep</i> 399d<b></b></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoore2012" class="citation book cs1">Moore, Timothy J. (2012-04-19). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tzyVADDprSUC"><i>Music in Roman Comedy</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 44. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-107-00648-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-107-00648-5"><bdi>978-1-107-00648-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Music+in+Roman+Comedy&rft.pages=44&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2012-04-19&rft.isbn=978-1-107-00648-5&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=Timothy+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtzyVADDprSUC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAulos" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBundrick2005" class="citation book cs1">Bundrick, Sheramy (2005-10-17). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KgSuo-A3cO8C"><i>Music and Image in Classical Athens</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 35. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-84806-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-84806-0"><bdi>978-0-521-84806-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Music+and+Image+in+Classical+Athens&rft.pages=35&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2005-10-17&rft.isbn=978-0-521-84806-0&rft.aulast=Bundrick&rft.aufirst=Sheramy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKgSuo-A3cO8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAulos" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHanson2002" class="citation book cs1">Hanson, Victor Davis (2002-11-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=z2WIAgAAQBAJ"><i>Hoplites: The Classical Greek Battle Experience</i></a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-134-96190-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-134-96190-0"><bdi>978-1-134-96190-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hoplites%3A+The+Classical+Greek+Battle+Experience&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.isbn=978-1-134-96190-0&rft.aulast=Hanson&rft.aufirst=Victor+Davis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dz2WIAgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAulos" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMurrayWilson2004" class="citation book cs1">Murray, Penelope; Wilson, Peter (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tC79KhiftxMC"><i>Music and the Muses: The Culture of 'mousikē' in the Classical Athenian City</i></a>. Oxford University Press. p. 201. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-924239-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-924239-9"><bdi>978-0-19-924239-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Music+and+the+Muses%3A+The+Culture+of+%27mousik%C4%93%27+in+the+Classical+Athenian+City&rft.pages=201&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-19-924239-9&rft.aulast=Murray&rft.aufirst=Penelope&rft.au=Wilson%2C+Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtC79KhiftxMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAulos" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMontagu2007" class="citation book cs1">Montagu, Jeremy (2007-10-29). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=l1ztKVmMbSsC"><i>Origins and Development of Musical Instruments</i></a>. Scarecrow Press. p. 75. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-7770-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-7770-2"><bdi>978-0-8108-7770-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Origins+and+Development+of+Musical+Instruments&rft.pages=75&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=2007-10-29&rft.isbn=978-0-8108-7770-2&rft.aulast=Montagu&rft.aufirst=Jeremy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dl1ztKVmMbSsC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAulos" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLandels2002" class="citation book cs1">Landels, John G. 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"Herakles Takes Aim: A Rare Attic Black-Figured Neck-Amphora Attributed to the Princeton Painter". <i>Metropolitan Museum Journal</i>. <b>48</b>: 37–58. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F675312">10.1086/675312</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:191490792">191490792</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Metropolitan+Museum+Journal&rft.atitle=Herakles+Takes+Aim%3A+A+Rare+Attic+Black-Figured+Neck-Amphora+Attributed+to+the+Princeton+Painter&rft.volume=48&rft.pages=37-58&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F675312&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A191490792%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=Mary+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAulos" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150627231112/http://www.astraproject.org/index.html">"The ASTRA Project website"</a>. 27 June 2015. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Feature+-+The+Lost+Sounds+Orchestra&rft.date=2009-09-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.isgtw.org%2F%3Fpid%3D1001954&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAulos" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Eno Koço, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zoPI3exolloC&dq=cyla+dyjare&pg=PA112">"Vocal Iso(n)"</a>, Art and Humanities Research Council (British Research Council), July 2012</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aulos&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Auloi" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Auloi">Auloi</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050920113848/http://didaskalia.open.ac.uk/issues/vol2no2/Neuman.html">"The Aulos and Drama: A Performer's Viewpoint," by Philip Neuman</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oeaw.ac.at/kal/agm/">"Ancient Greek Music – The Aulos, with sound examples"</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Aulos"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Aulos">"Aulos" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i> (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Aulos&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAulos" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGinsberg-Klar1981" class="citation journal cs1">Ginsberg-Klar, Maria E. (February 1981). "The Archaeology of Musical Instruments in Germany during the Roman Period". <i>World Archaeology</i>. <b>12</b> (3, Archaeology and Musical Instruments): 313–320. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00438243.1981.9979806">10.1080/00438243.1981.9979806</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/124243">124243</a>. <q>The <i>tibiae</i> (is) an instrument of the Romans.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=World+Archaeology&rft.atitle=The+Archaeology+of+Musical+Instruments+in+Germany+during+the+Roman+Period&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=3%2C+Archaeology+and+Musical+Instruments&rft.pages=313-320&rft.date=1981-02&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00438243.1981.9979806&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F124243%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Ginsberg-Klar&rft.aufirst=Maria+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAulos" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>İkibeş, Samet (2021). Antik Yunan Enstrümanı Aulos ve Aulos'un Askeri Acıdan İncelenmesi. <i>Balkan Müzik ve Sanat Dergisi</i> , 3 (1) , 73-88 . DOI: 10.47956/bmsd.878775 <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://doi.org/10.47956/bmsd.878775">https://doi.org/10.47956/bmsd.878775</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": 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.navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Double_reed_instruments" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:beige;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Double_reed" title="Template:Double reed"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Double_reed" title="Template talk:Double reed"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Double_reed" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Double reed"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Double_reed_instruments" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Double_reed" title="Double reed">Double reed</a> instruments</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:beige;"><div>(also includes those with <a href="/wiki/Quadruple_reed" title="Quadruple reed">quadruple</a> and sextuple reeds; does not include <a href="/wiki/Bagpipes" title="Bagpipes">bagpipes</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:white;">European classical<br />(modern)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Piccolo_oboe" title="Piccolo oboe">Piccolo oboe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piccolo_heckelphone" title="Piccolo heckelphone">Piccolo heckelphone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oboe" title="Oboe">Oboe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oboe_d%27amore" title="Oboe d'amore">Oboe d'amore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cor_anglais" title="Cor anglais">Cor anglais (English horn)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bass_oboe" title="Bass oboe">Bass oboe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heckelphone" title="Heckelphone">Heckelphone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lupophon" title="Lupophon">Lupophon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contrabass_oboe" title="Contrabass oboe">Contrabass oboe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenoroon" title="Tenoroon">Tenoroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bassoon" title="Bassoon">Bassoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semi-contrabassoon" title="Semi-contrabassoon">Semi-contrabassoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contrabassoon" title="Contrabassoon">Contrabassoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contraforte" title="Contraforte">Contraforte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contrabassophone" title="Contrabassophone">Contrabassophone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reed_contrabass" title="Reed contrabass">Reed contrabass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarrusophone" title="Sarrusophone">Sarrusophone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rothphone" title="Rothphone">Rothphone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._D._Q._Bach#Tromboon" title="P. D. Q. Bach">Tromboon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:white;">European classical<br />(historical)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Aulos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oboe#Baroque" title="Oboe">Baroque oboe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bassanello" title="Bassanello">Bassanello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornamuse" title="Cornamuse">Cornamuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cromorne" title="Cromorne">Cromorne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crumhorn" title="Crumhorn">Crumhorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dulcian" title="Dulcian">Dulcian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hirtenschalmei" title="Hirtenschalmei">Hirtenschalmei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kortholt" title="Kortholt">Kortholt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oboe_da_caccia" title="Oboe da caccia">Oboe da caccia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pommer" title="Pommer">Pommer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rackett" title="Rackett">Rackett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rauschpfeife" title="Rauschpfeife">Rauschpfeife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shawm" title="Shawm">Shawm</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:white;">African traditional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algaita" title="Algaita">Algaita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhaita" title="Rhaita">Rhaita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zukra" title="Zukra">Zukra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:white;">Asian traditional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balaban_(instrument)" title="Balaban (instrument)">Balaban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duduk" title="Duduk">Duduk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guan_(instrument)" title="Guan (instrument)">Guan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gyaling" title="Gyaling">Gyaling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hichiriki" title="Hichiriki">Hichiriki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hne" title="Hne">Hne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%A8n" title="Kèn">Kèn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%A8n_b%E1%BA%A7u" title="Kèn bầu">Kèn bầu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%A8n_%C4%91%C3%A1m_ma" title="Kèn đám ma">Kèn đám ma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuzhal" title="Kuzhal">Kuzhal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizmar_(instrument)" title="Mizmar (instrument)">Mizmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadaswaram" title="Nadaswaram">Nadaswaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottu_(instrument)" title="Ottu (instrument)">Ottu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pi_(instrument)" title="Pi (instrument)">Pi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piri_(instrument)" title="Piri (instrument)">Piri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shehnai" title="Shehnai">Shehnai</a></li> <li>Sundari</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorna" title="Sorna">Sorna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sralai" title="Sralai">Sralai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suona" title="Suona">Suona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taepyeongso" title="Taepyeongso">Taepyeongso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangmuri" title="Tangmuri">Tangmuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zurna" title="Zurna">Zurna/Surnai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:white;">European traditional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Aulos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bifora" title="Bifora">Bifora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birbyn%C4%97" title="Birbynė">Birbynė</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombard_(musical_instrument)" title="Bombard (musical instrument)">Bombard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_shawm" title="Catalan shawm">Catalan shawm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dulzaina" title="Dulzaina">Dulzaina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gra%C3%AFle" title="Graïle">Graïle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gralla_(instrument)" title="Gralla (instrument)">Gralla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piccolo_oboe" title="Piccolo oboe">Musette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piffero" title="Piffero">Piffero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopila" title="Sopila">Sopila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A1rogat%C3%B3" title="Tárogató">Tárogató</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zurna" title="Zurna">Zurna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surma-horn" title="Surma-horn">Surma-horn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:white;">American traditional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chirimia" title="Chirimia">Chirimía</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trompeta_china" title="Trompeta china">Trompeta china</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Greek_musical_instruments" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Greek_musical_instruments" title="Template:Greek musical instruments"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Greek_musical_instruments" title="Template talk:Greek musical instruments"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Greek_musical_instruments" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Greek musical instruments"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Greek_musical_instruments" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Greek_musical_instruments" title="Greek musical instruments">Greek musical instruments</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ancient</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="String" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/String_instrument" title="String instrument">String</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Pandura" title="Pandura">Pandura</a></dd></dl> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lyre" title="Lyre">Lyre</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Barbiton" title="Barbiton">Barbiton</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Chelys" title="Chelys">Chelys</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kithara" title="Kithara">Kithara</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Phorminx" title="Phorminx">Phorminx</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_harps" title="Ancient Greek harps">Harp</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Epigonion" title="Epigonion">Epigonion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magadis" title="Magadis">Magadis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sambuca_(instrument)" title="Sambuca (instrument)">Sambuca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trigonon" title="Trigonon">Trigonon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Aerophones" class="mw-redirect" title="Aerophones">Wind</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Aulos</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Pan_flute" title="Pan flute">Pan flute</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Salpinx" title="Salpinx">Salpinx</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Percussion_instrument" title="Percussion instrument">Percussion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Cochilia" title="Cochilia">Cochilia</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Crotalum" title="Crotalum">Crotalum</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Water_organ" title="Water organ">Water organ</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sistrum" title="Sistrum">Sistrum</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Medieval</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_lyra" title="Byzantine lyra">Byzantine lyra</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Organ_(music)" title="Organ (music)">Organon</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">String</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bowed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Cretan_lyra" title="Cretan lyra">Cretan lyra</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kemen%C3%A7e_of_the_Black_Sea" title="Kemençe of the Black Sea">Pontic lyra</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Classical_kemen%C3%A7e" title="Classical kemençe">Politiki lyra</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_lyra" title="Macedonian lyra">Macedonian lyra</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Calabrian_lira" title="Calabrian lira">Calabrian lira</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Plucked</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Bouzouki" title="Bouzouki">Bouzouki</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Guitar" title="Guitar">Guitar</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Laouto" title="Laouto">Laouto</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mandola" title="Mandola">Mandola</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mandolin" title="Mandolin">Mandolin</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Oudola" title="Oudola">Oudola</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Psaltery" title="Psaltery">Psaltery</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tambouras" title="Tambouras">Tambouras</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Thaboura" title="Thaboura">Thaboura</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Struck</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Santur" title="Santur">Santouri</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Wind</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Askomandoura" title="Askomandoura">Askomandoura</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Gaida" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaida">Gaida</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tsampouna" title="Tsampouna">Tsampouna</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Floghera" title="Floghera">Floghera</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Karamuza" title="Karamuza">Karamuza</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lalitsa" title="Lalitsa">Lalitsa</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mantura" title="Mantura">Mantura</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Souravli" title="Souravli">Souravli</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Percussion</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Membranophones</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Tambourine" title="Tambourine">Tambourine</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Toubeleki" title="Toubeleki">Toubeleki</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tympanum_(hand_drum)" title="Tympanum (hand drum)">Tympano</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Idiophones</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Koudounia" title="Koudounia">Koudounia</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Stamna_(musical_instrument)" title="Stamna (musical instrument)">Stamna</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trigono_(musical_instrument)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trigono (musical instrument) (page does not exist)">Trigono</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Zill" title="Zill">Zilia</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Greece" title="Music of Greece">Music of Greece</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Greek_folk_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek folk music">Greek folk music</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_music" title="Byzantine music">Byzantine music</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nisiotika" title="Nisiotika">Nisiotika</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Greek_dances" title="Greek dances">Greek dances</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div 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