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</header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-历史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#历史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>历史</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-历史-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关历史子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-历史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-发现" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#发现"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>发现</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-发现-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-应用为波谱技术" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#应用为波谱技术"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>应用为波谱技术</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-应用为波谱技术-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-应用为成像技术" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#应用为成像技术"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>应用为成像技术</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-应用为成像技术-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-原理" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#原理"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>原理</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-原理-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关原理子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-原理-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-原子核的性质" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#原子核的性质"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>原子核的性质</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-原子核的性质-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-核自旋" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#核自旋"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>核自旋</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-核自旋-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-核的磁性" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#核的磁性"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2</span> <span>核的磁性</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-核的磁性-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-经典物理表述" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#经典物理表述"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>经典物理表述</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-经典物理表述-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-进动与拉莫频率" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#进动与拉莫频率"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>进动与拉莫频率</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-进动与拉莫频率-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-共振电波" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#共振电波"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.2</span> <span>共振电波</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-共振电波-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-量子物理表述" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#量子物理表述"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>量子物理表述</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-量子物理表述-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-塞曼本征态" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#塞曼本征态"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.1</span> <span>塞曼本征态</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-塞曼本征态-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-核量子态跃迁" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#核量子态跃迁"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.2</span> <span>核量子态跃迁</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-核量子态跃迁-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-衍生现象" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#衍生现象"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>衍生现象</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-衍生现象-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关衍生现象子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-衍生现象-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-弛豫" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#弛豫"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>弛豫</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-弛豫-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-化学位移" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#化学位移"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>化学位移</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-化学位移-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-应用" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#应用"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>应用</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-应用-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关应用子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-应用-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-核磁共振波谱" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#核磁共振波谱"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>核磁共振波谱</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-核磁共振波谱-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-磁共振成像" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#磁共振成像"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>磁共振成像</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-磁共振成像-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-磁共振探测" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#磁共振探测"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>磁共振探测</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-磁共振探测-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-备注" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#备注"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>备注</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-备注-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考资料" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考资料"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>参考资料</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-参考资料-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关参考资料子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-参考资料-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-外部链接" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部链接"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>外部链接</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部链接-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考书目" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考书目"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>参考书目</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考书目-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">核磁共振</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。54种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-54" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">54种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kernmagnetiese_resonansie" title="Kernmagnetiese resonansie – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Kernmagnetiese resonansie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%BA%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%8A_%D9%86%D9%88%D9%88%D9%8A" title="رنين مغناطيسي نووي – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="رنين مغناطيسي نووي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B7_%D9%86%D9%88%D9%88%D9%8A_%D9%84%D9%85%D8%BA%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%8A" title="صونيط نووي لمغناطيسي – 摩洛哥阿拉伯文" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="صونيط نووي لمغناطيسي" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="摩洛哥阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%BCv%C9%99_maqnit_rezonans%C4%B1" title="Nüvə maqnit rezonansı – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Nüvə maqnit rezonansı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81" title="Ядрено-магнитен резонанс – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ядрено-магнитен резонанс" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuklearna_magnetna_rezonanca" title="Nuklearna magnetna rezonanca – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Nuklearna magnetna rezonanca" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resson%C3%A0ncia_magn%C3%A8tica_nuclear" title="Ressonància magnètica nuclear – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ressonància magnètica nuclear" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kernspinresonanz" title="Kernspinresonanz – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kernspinresonanz" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%85%CF%81%CE%B7%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%82_%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%BD%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%82_%CF%83%CF%85%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Πυρηνικός μαγνητικός συντονισμός – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πυρηνικός μαγνητικός συντονισμός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_magnetic_resonance" title="Nuclear magnetic resonance – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Nuclear magnetic resonance" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resonancia_magn%C3%A9tica_nuclear" title="Resonancia magnética nuclear – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Resonancia magnética nuclear" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuumamagnetresonants" title="Tuumamagnetresonants – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tuumamagnetresonants" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erresonantzia_magnetiko_nuklear" title="Erresonantzia magnetiko nuklear – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Erresonantzia magnetiko nuklear" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3_%D9%85%D8%BA%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B7%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D9%87%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C" title="رزونانس مغناطیسی هسته‌ای – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="رزونانس مغناطیسی هسته‌ای" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/NMR" title="NMR – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="NMR" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9sonance_magn%C3%A9tique_nucl%C3%A9aire" title="Résonance magnétique nucléaire – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Résonance magnétique nucléaire" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athshondas_maighn%C3%A9adach_n%C3%BAicl%C3%A9ach" title="Athshondas maighnéadach núicléach – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Athshondas maighnéadach núicléach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resonancia_magn%C3%A9tica_nuclear" title="Resonancia magnética nuclear – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Resonancia magnética nuclear" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%94%D7%95%D7%93%D7%94_%D7%9E%D7%92%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA" title="תהודה מגנטית גרעינית – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תהודה מגנטית גרעינית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6" title="नाभिकीय चुम्बकीय अनुनाद – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="नाभिकीय चुम्बकीय अनुनाद" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuklearna_magnetska_rezonancija" title="Nuklearna magnetska rezonancija – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Nuklearna magnetska rezonancija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A1gneses_magrezonancia" title="Mágneses magrezonancia – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Mágneses magrezonancia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%AB%D5%BB%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%BC%D5%A5%D5%A6%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%BD" title="Միջուկային մագնիսական ռեզոնանս – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Միջուկային մագնիսական ռեզոնանս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resonansi_magnet_inti" title="Resonansi magnet inti – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Resonansi magnet inti" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Risonanza_magnetica_nucleare" title="Risonanza magnetica nucleare – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Risonanza magnetica nucleare" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E7%A3%81%E6%B0%97%E5%85%B1%E9%B3%B4" title="核磁気共鳴 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="核磁気共鳴" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BD-%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BA_%D3%A9%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0_%D3%99%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%83" title="Спин-спивдік өзара әсерлесу – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Спин-спивдік өзара әсерлесу" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%B5%EC%9E%90%EA%B8%B0_%EA%B3%B5%EB%AA%85" title="핵자기 공명 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="핵자기 공명" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%DA%A9%D9%90%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B1_%D9%85%DB%8C%DA%AF%D9%86%D9%90%D9%B9%D9%90%DA%A9_%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%95%D8%B3" title="نیوکِلیر میگنِٹِک ریزونینٕس – 克什米尔语" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="نیوکِلیر میگنِٹِک ریزونینٕس" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="克什米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BA_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%82%D2%AF%D2%AF_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81" title="Ядролук Магниттүү Резонанс – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Ядролук Магниттүү Резонанс" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resonantia_magnetica_nuclearis" title="Resonantia magnetica nuclearis – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Resonantia magnetica nuclearis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Branduoli%C5%B3_magnetinis_rezonansas" title="Branduolių magnetinis rezonansas – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Branduolių magnetinis rezonansas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kodolu_magn%C4%93tisk%C4%81_rezonanse" title="Kodolu magnētiskā rezonanse – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kodolu magnētiskā rezonanse" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Јадрена магнетна резонанција – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Јадрена магнетна резонанција" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resonans_magnetik_nuklear" title="Resonans magnetik nuklear – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Resonans magnetik nuklear" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kernspinresonantie" title="Kernspinresonantie – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kernspinresonantie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kjernemagnetisk_resonans" title="Kjernemagnetisk resonans – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kjernemagnetisk resonans" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kjernemagnetisk_resonans" title="Kjernemagnetisk resonans – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kjernemagnetisk resonans" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resson%C3%A0ncia_magnetica_nucleara" title="Ressonància magnetica nucleara – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Ressonància magnetica nucleara" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rezonan%C8%9B%C4%83_magnetic%C4%83_nuclear%C4%83" title="Rezonanță magnetică nucleară – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Rezonanță magnetică nucleară" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81" title="Ядерный магнитный резонанс – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ядерный магнитный резонанс" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/NMR" title="NMR – 西西里语" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="NMR" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="西西里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuklearna_magnetna_rezonancija" title="Nuklearna magnetna rezonancija – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Nuklearna magnetna rezonancija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%82%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A_%E0%B6%A0%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B6%E0%B6%9A_%E0%B6%85%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%AF%E0%B6%BA" title="න්‍යෂ්ටික චුම්බක අනුනාදය – 僧伽罗语" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="න්‍යෂ්ටික චුම්බක අනුනාදය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="僧伽罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_magnetic_resonance" title="Nuclear magnetic resonance – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Nuclear magnetic resonance" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nukle%C3%A1rna_magnetick%C3%A1_rezonancia" title="Nukleárna magnetická rezonancia – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Nukleárna magnetická rezonancia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jedrska_magnetna_resonanca" title="Jedrska magnetna resonanca – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Jedrska magnetna resonanca" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Нуклеарна магнетна резонанција – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Нуклеарна магнетна резонанција" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A4rnmagnetisk_resonans" title="Kärnmagnetisk resonans – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kärnmagnetisk resonans" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%BCkleer_manyetik_rezonans" title="Nükleer manyetik rezonans – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Nükleer manyetik rezonans" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81" title="Ядерний магнітний резонанс – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ядерний магнітний резонанс" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%DA%A9%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A6%D8%B1_%D9%85%DB%8C%DA%AF%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%B9%DA%A9_%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%86%D9%86%D8%B3" title="نیوکلیئر میگنیٹک ریزوننس – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="نیوکلیئر میگنیٹک ریزوننس" 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.hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E4%B9%89" title="Wikipedia:消歧义"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/25px-Disambig_gray.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/38px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/50px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="168" /></a></span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r74069148">body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .ifmobile>.mobile{display:none}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .ifmobile>.nomobile{display:inherit;display:initial}</style><span class="ifmobile"><span class="nomobile">  </span><span class="mobile"></span></span>此條目介紹的是作为物理现象的核磁共振。关于其应用，请见「<b><a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%81%E5%85%B1%E6%8C%AF%E6%88%90%E5%83%8F" title="磁共振成像">磁共振成像</a></b>」和「<b><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E7%A3%81%E5%85%B1%E6%8C%AF%E6%B3%A2%E8%B0%B1%E5%AD%A6" title="核磁共振波谱学">核磁共振波谱学</a></b>」。</div> <div id="noteTA-2867d8f" class="noteTA"><div class="noteTA-group"> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p><p><br /> </p> <div data-noteta-group-source="template" data-noteta-group="Physics"></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div data-noteta-group-source="template" data-noteta-group="Chemistry"></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p><p><br /> </p> <div data-noteta-group-source="template" data-noteta-group="Lifesciences"></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div data-noteta-group-source="template" data-noteta-group="Medicine"></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div data-noteta-group-source="template" data-noteta-group="Unit"></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div data-noteta-group-source="template" data-noteta-group="Ecology"></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div data-noteta-group-source="template" data-noteta-group="Astronomy"></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div data-noteta-group-source="template" data-noteta-group="Earthquake"></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> </div></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:An_overview_of_nuclear_magnetic_resonance_(NMR).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/An_overview_of_nuclear_magnetic_resonance_%28NMR%29.png/300px-An_overview_of_nuclear_magnetic_resonance_%28NMR%29.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/An_overview_of_nuclear_magnetic_resonance_%28NMR%29.png/450px-An_overview_of_nuclear_magnetic_resonance_%28NMR%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/An_overview_of_nuclear_magnetic_resonance_%28NMR%29.png/600px-An_overview_of_nuclear_magnetic_resonance_%28NMR%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1399" data-file-height="1117" /></a><figcaption>（从左上角起，延著顺时针螺旋方向）1. 自旋进动；2. 人脑的核磁共振成像图；3. 磁共振成像设备；4. 核磁谱仪；5. 邻二氯苯的氢谱</figcaption></figure> <p><b>核磁共振</b>（英語：<span lang="en">Nuclear Magnetic Resonance</span>，简称 <span lang="en">NMR</span>）是<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E6%A0%B8" title="原子核">原子核</a>在<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%99%E7%A3%81%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="静磁学">静态磁场</a>中与<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A0%E7%BA%BF%E7%94%B5" title="无线电">射频电磁波</a>发生相互作用的<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86" class="mw-redirect" title="物理">物理</a>现象。对于该现象的应用主要有<a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%81%E5%85%B1%E6%8C%AF%E6%88%90%E5%83%8F" title="磁共振成像">磁共振成像</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E7%A3%81%E5%85%B1%E6%8C%AF%E6%B3%A2%E8%B0%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="核磁共振波谱">核磁共振波谱</a>等。<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86" class="mw-redirect" title="量子物理">量子物理</a>研究发现，某些原子核同时具有<a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%81%E6%80%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="磁性">磁性</a>与<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E6%97%8B" title="自旋">自旋</a>的内禀性质，因此在静磁场在中会以特定的频率（通常在<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%84%E9%A0%BB" title="射頻">射频</a>范围）<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%9B%E5%8A%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="进动">进动</a>。此时若对其施加相同频率的震荡磁场，两者就会发生<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E6%8C%AF" title="共振">共振</a>，从而改变核自旋的状态。<sup id="cite_ref-SD_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SD-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="历史"><span id=".E5.8E.86.E5.8F.B2"></span>历史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%B8%E7%A3%81%E5%85%B1%E6%8C%AF&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：历史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="发现"><span id=".E5.8F.91.E7.8E.B0"></span>发现</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%B8%E7%A3%81%E5%85%B1%E6%8C%AF&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：发现"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1921至1922年，物理学界通过<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%BD%E7%89%B9%E6%81%A9-%E6%A0%BC%E6%8B%89%E8%B5%AB%E5%AE%9E%E9%AA%8C" title="施特恩-格拉赫实验">施特恩-格拉赫实验</a>等诸多实验认识到了<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90" title="电子">电子</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E6%97%8B" title="自旋">自旋</a>的存在，人们猜测，若<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E6%A0%B8" title="原子核">原子核</a>也存在自旋性质，<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E5%85%89%E8%B0%B1" title="原子光谱">原子光谱</a>里的诸多现象就能得到解释。1924年，<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%83%E5%B0%94%E5%A4%AB%E5%86%88%C2%B7%E6%B3%A1%E5%88%A9" title="沃尔夫冈·泡利">沃尔夫冈·泡利</a>提出了<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A1%E5%88%A9%E4%B8%8D%E7%9B%B8%E5%AE%B9%E5%8E%9F%E7%90%86" title="泡利不相容原理">泡利不相容原理</a>，即没有两个电子可以在同一时间共享相同的<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E6%85%8B" title="量子態">量子态</a>。<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1925年，<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%94%E6%B2%BB%C2%B7%E4%B9%8C%E4%BC%A6%E8%B4%9D%E5%85%8B" title="乔治·乌伦贝克">乌伦贝克</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E7%BC%AA%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%8F%A4%E5%BE%B7%E6%96%AF%E7%B1%B3%E7%89%B9" title="塞缪尔·古德斯米特">古德斯米特</a>受泡利不相容原理的启发，提出了原子<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E6%97%8B" title="自旋">自旋</a>概念。<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 接下来，泡利在乌伦贝克与古兹密特工作的基础上，完善了原子自旋描述的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A1%E5%88%A9%E7%9F%A9%E9%98%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="泡利矩阵">泡利矩阵</a>。<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1939年，<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E8%A5%BF%E5%A4%9A%C2%B7%E8%89%BE%E8%90%A8%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E6%AF%94" class="mw-redirect" title="伊西多·艾萨克·拉比">拉比</a>等人将<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AB%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="氫分子">氢分子</a>束置于静态磁场下，并给予<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%84%E9%A0%BB" title="射頻">射频</a>电磁波辐射，发现某个特定频率的电磁波被集中吸收了，这是人类史上首次探测到核磁共振现象。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="应用为波谱技术"><span id=".E5.BA.94.E7.94.A8.E4.B8.BA.E6.B3.A2.E8.B0.B1.E6.8A.80.E6.9C.AF"></span>应用为波谱技术</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%B8%E7%A3%81%E5%85%B1%E6%8C%AF&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：应用为波谱技术"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E7%A3%81%E5%85%B1%E6%8C%AF%E6%B3%A2%E8%B0%B1%E5%AD%A6#历史" title="核磁共振波谱学">核磁共振波谱学 § 历史</a></div> <p>1946年，<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E7%A6%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="斯坦福大学">斯坦福大学</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%B9%E5%88%A9%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E6%B4%9B%E8%B5%AB" title="费利克斯·布洛赫">布洛赫</a>等人对核<a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%81%E7%9F%A9" title="磁矩">磁矩</a>在核磁共振中的行为进行了推测，因此在样品<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4" title="水">水</a>旁放置了能探测射频辐射的铜线圈，成功的检测到了射频能量的吸收；<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 几乎在同一时间，<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E4%BD%9B%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="哈佛大学">哈佛大学</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E5%BE%B7%E5%8D%8E%C2%B7%E7%8F%80%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94" title="爱德华·珀塞尔">珀塞尔</a>等人也用相似的方法从一小块样品<a href="/wiki/%E8%9C%A1" title="蜡">蜡</a>中探测到了氢原子磁矩对于射频辐射的吸收；<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 这两项实验标志着人们对于核磁共振现象的初步运用。1951年，帕卡德等人首次对<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%99%E9%86%87" title="乙醇">乙醇</a>进行了核磁实验并得到了其<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E7%A3%81%E5%85%B1%E6%8C%AF%E6%B0%A2%E8%B0%B1" title="核磁共振氢谱">氢谱</a>，这一研究向学界揭示了核磁共振能成为<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="分析化学">分析化学</a>领域内一个强有力的技术。<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="应用为成像技术"><span id=".E5.BA.94.E7.94.A8.E4.B8.BA.E6.88.90.E5.83.8F.E6.8A.80.E6.9C.AF"></span>应用为成像技术</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%B8%E7%A3%81%E5%85%B1%E6%8C%AF&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：应用为成像技术"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1969年，<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%BD%E7%BA%A6%E5%B7%9E%E7%AB%8B%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="纽约州立大学">纽约州立大学</a>的<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="雷曼·达马迪安" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Raymond Damadian"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%B7%E6%9B%BC%C2%B7%E8%BE%BE%E9%A9%AC%E8%BF%AA%E5%AE%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="雷曼·达马迪安（页面不存在）">达马迪安</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raymond_Damadian" class="extiw" title="en:Raymond Damadian"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Raymond Damadian</span></a></span>）</span></span>通过监测核磁共振的<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%9B%E8%B1%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="弛豫">弛豫</a>时间成功地将小鼠的<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%8C%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E" title="癌细胞">癌细胞</a>与正常组织细胞区分开来。在达马迪安新技术的启发下，1971年<a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E6%BA%AA%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="石溪大学">石溪大学</a>的物理学家<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E7%BD%97%C2%B7%E5%8A%B3%E7%89%B9%E4%BC%AF" title="保罗·劳特伯">劳特伯</a>利用核磁共振对两个装满水的试管进行成像，产生了人类历史上第一个张核磁共振图像。1972年，英国诺丁汉大学教授<a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%BC%E5%BE%97%C2%B7%E6%9B%BC%E6%96%AF%E8%8F%B2%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7" title="彼得·曼斯菲尔德">曼斯菲尔德</a>发现，通过增加核磁共振的外部磁场<a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%AF%E5%BA%A6" title="梯度">梯度</a>，可以观察到化学物质的原子结构，并且创建三维图像。1973年，劳特伯应用他的设备成功地绘制出了一个活体<a href="/wiki/%E8%9B%A4%E8%9C%8A" title="蛤蜊">蛤蜊</a>的内部结构图像。<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="margin-left:0"> <table class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="background: transparent; text-align: left; border: 1px solid Silver; margin: 0.2em auto auto; width:100%; clear: both; padding: 1px;color: inherit;"> <tbody><tr> <th class="collapsible-title" style="background: var(--background-color-neutral,#F0F2F5); color: inherit;font-size:87%; padding:0.2em 0.3em; text-align:center;"><div style="font-size:115%;margin:0 4em">与核磁共振相关的<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%BA%E8%B4%9D%E5%B0%94%E5%A5%96" title="诺贝尔奖">诺贝尔奖</a></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="border: solid 1px Silver; padding: 0.6em; background: var(--background-color-base,White);color: inherit;"> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>年份 </th> <th>奖项 </th> <th colspan="2">获奖者 </th> <th>國家 </th> <th>获奖原因 </th></tr> <tr> <td>1943年 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%BA%E8%B4%9D%E5%B0%94%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6%E5%A5%96" title="诺贝尔物理学奖">物理学</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Otto_Stern.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Otto_Stern.jpg/75px-Otto_Stern.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Otto_Stern.jpg/113px-Otto_Stern.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Otto_Stern.jpg/150px-Otto_Stern.jpg 2x" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="396" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E6%89%98%C2%B7%E6%96%BD%E7%89%B9%E6%81%A9" title="奥托·施特恩">奥托·施特恩</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美国">美国</a> </td> <td>对<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90%E6%9D%9F" title="分子束">分子束</a>方法的发展以及有关<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%A8%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="质子">质子</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%81%E7%9F%A9" title="磁矩">磁矩</a>的研究发现<br /><i>for his contribution to the development of the molecular ray method and his discovery of the magnetic moment of the proton</i> <sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1944年 </td> <td>物理学 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:II_Rabi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/II_Rabi.jpg/75px-II_Rabi.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/II_Rabi.jpg/113px-II_Rabi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/II_Rabi.jpg/150px-II_Rabi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="992" data-file-height="1488" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E8%A5%BF%E5%A4%9A%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E6%AF%94" title="伊西多·拉比">伊西多·拉比</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美国">美国</a> </td> <td>用共振方法记录原子核的磁属性<br /><i>for his resonance method for recording the magnetic properties of atomic nuclei</i> <sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">1952年 </td> <td rowspan="2">物理学 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Felix_Bloch,_Stanford_University.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Felix_Bloch%2C_Stanford_University.jpg/75px-Felix_Bloch%2C_Stanford_University.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Felix_Bloch%2C_Stanford_University.jpg/113px-Felix_Bloch%2C_Stanford_University.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Felix_Bloch%2C_Stanford_University.jpg/150px-Felix_Bloch%2C_Stanford_University.jpg 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="250" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%B9%E5%88%A9%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E6%B4%9B%E8%B5%AB" title="费利克斯·布洛赫">费利克斯·布洛赫</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美国">美国</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">发展出用于核磁精密测量的新方法，并凭此所得的研究成果<br /><i>for their development of new methods for nuclear magnetic precision measurements and discoveries in connection therewith</i> <sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Edward_Mills_Purcell.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Edward_Mills_Purcell.jpg/75px-Edward_Mills_Purcell.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Edward_Mills_Purcell.jpg/113px-Edward_Mills_Purcell.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Edward_Mills_Purcell.jpg/150px-Edward_Mills_Purcell.jpg 2x" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="396" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E5%BE%B7%E5%8D%8E%C2%B7%E7%8F%80%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94" title="爱德华·珀塞尔">爱德华·珀塞尔</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美国">美国</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1991年 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%BA%E8%B4%9D%E5%B0%94%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%A5%96" title="诺贝尔化学奖">化学</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Richard_R_Ernst.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Richard_R_Ernst.jpg/75px-Richard_R_Ernst.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Richard_R_Ernst.jpg/113px-Richard_R_Ernst.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/70/Richard_R_Ernst.jpg 2x" data-file-width="142" data-file-height="134" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%90%86%E6%9F%A5%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E6%81%A9%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9" title="理查德·恩斯特">理查德·恩斯特</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/20px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/40px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%A3%AB" title="瑞士">瑞士</a> </td> <td>对开发高分辨率核磁共振谱学方法的贡献<br /><i>for his contributions to the development of the methodology of high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy</i> <sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2002年 </td> <td>化学 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kurt-Wuethrich.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kurt Wüthrich"><img alt="Kurt Wüthrich" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Kurt-Wuethrich.jpg/75px-Kurt-Wuethrich.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Kurt-Wuethrich.jpg/113px-Kurt-Wuethrich.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Kurt-Wuethrich.jpg/150px-Kurt-Wuethrich.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1135" data-file-height="1243" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%93%E5%B0%94%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E7%BB%B4%E7%89%B9%E9%87%8C%E5%B8%8C" title="库尔特·维特里希">库尔特·维特里希</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/20px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/40px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%A3%AB" title="瑞士">瑞士</a> </td> <td>发展了对生物大分子进行鉴定和结构分析的方法，建立了利用核磁共振波谱来解析溶液中生物大分子三维结构的方法<br /><i>for the development of methods for identification and structure analyses of biological macromolecules [...] for his development of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for determining the three-dimensional structure of biological macromolecules in solution</i> <sup id="cite_ref-n2002_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-n2002-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">2003年 </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%BA%E8%B4%9D%E5%B0%94%E7%94%9F%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6%E6%88%96%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6%E5%A5%96" title="诺贝尔生理学或医学奖">生理学或医学</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E7%BD%97%C2%B7%E5%8A%B3%E7%89%B9%E4%BC%AF" title="保罗·劳特伯">保罗·劳特伯</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美国">美国</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">在<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E7%A3%81%E5%85%B1%E6%8C%AF%E6%88%90%E5%83%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="核磁共振成像">核磁共振成像</a>方面的发现<br /><i>for their discoveries concerning magnetic resonance imaging</i> <sup id="cite_ref-nobel-2003_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nobel-2003-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Peter_Mansfield_Leipzig.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Peter_Mansfield_Leipzig.jpg/75px-Peter_Mansfield_Leipzig.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Peter_Mansfield_Leipzig.jpg/113px-Peter_Mansfield_Leipzig.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Peter_Mansfield_Leipzig.jpg/150px-Peter_Mansfield_Leipzig.jpg 2x" data-file-width="308" data-file-height="394" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%BC%E5%BE%97%C2%B7%E6%9B%BC%E6%96%AF%E8%8F%B2%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7" title="彼得·曼斯菲尔德">彼得·曼斯菲尔德</a>爵士 </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD" title="英国">英国</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="原理"><span id=".E5.8E.9F.E7.90.86"></span>原理</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%B8%E7%A3%81%E5%85%B1%E6%8C%AF&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：原理"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="原子核的性质"><span id=".E5.8E.9F.E5.AD.90.E6.A0.B8.E7.9A.84.E6.80.A7.E8.B4.A8"></span>原子核的性质</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%B8%E7%A3%81%E5%85%B1%E6%8C%AF&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：原子核的性质"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="sortable wikitable" style="text-align:center;font-size: 10pt" align="right"> <caption>常见核素的核磁性质<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>核素 </th> <th>基态自旋<br />量子数 </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B0%E5%BA%A6" title="丰度">丰度</a><br />（%） </th> <th>磁旋比 <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \gamma }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>γ</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \gamma }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a223c880b0ce3da8f64ee33c4f0010beee400b1a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:1.262ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \gamma }"></span> <br /> （<small>10<sup>6</sup> rad s<sup>-1</sup> T<sup>-1</sup>） </small></th></tr> <tr style="background:#B4C7E7;"> <td><sup>1</sup>H </td> <td>1/2 </td> <td>~100 </td> <td>267.513 </td></tr> <tr> <td><sup>2</sup>H (D) </td> <td>1 </td> <td>0.015 </td> <td>41.065 </td></tr> <tr> <td><sup>7</sup>Li </td> <td>3/2 </td> <td>92.5 </td> <td>103.962 </td></tr> <tr> <td><sup>11</sup>B </td> <td>3/2 </td> <td>80.1 </td> <td>85.847 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#B4C7E7;"> <td><sup>13</sup>C </td> <td>1/2 </td> <td>1.1 </td> <td>67.283 </td></tr> <tr> <td><sup>15</sup>N </td> <td>1/2 </td> <td>0.37 </td> <td>-27.126 </td></tr> <tr> <td><sup>17</sup>O </td> <td>5/2 </td> <td>0.04 </td> <td>-36.281 </td></tr> <tr> <td><sup>19</sup>F </td> <td>1/2 </td> <td>~100 </td> <td>251.815 </td></tr> <tr> <td><sup>23</sup>Na </td> <td>3/2 </td> <td>~100 </td> <td>70.808 </td></tr> <tr> <td><sup>29</sup>Si </td> <td>1/2 </td> <td>4.7 </td> <td>−53.190 </td></tr> <tr> <td><sup>31</sup>P </td> <td>1/2 </td> <td>~100 </td> <td>108.394 </td></tr> <tr> <td><sup>35</sup>Cl </td> <td>3/2 </td> <td>75.77 </td> <td>10.610 </td></tr> <tr> <td><sup>63</sup>Cu </td> <td>3/2 </td> <td>69.17 </td> <td>71.118 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#F8CBAD"> <td><sup>12</sup>C </td> <td>0 </td> <td>98.9 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#F8CBAD"> <td><sup>16</sup>O </td> <td>0 </td> <td>~100 </td> <td> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="核自旋"><span id=".E6.A0.B8.E8.87.AA.E6.97.8B"></span>核自旋</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%B8%E7%A3%81%E5%85%B1%E6%8C%AF&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：核自旋"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>一个旋转的物体具有<a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%92%E5%8A%A8%E9%87%8F" title="角动量">角动量</a>。在<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="量子力学">量子力学</a>领域，<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E6%97%8B" title="自旋">自旋</a>也是角动量的一种形式，然而它事实上并非由旋转产生，而是粒子的一种内禀性质，并且是<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E5%8C%96" title="量子化">量子化</a>的。原子核由<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%90" title="中子">中子</a>与<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%A8%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="质子">质子</a>构成，两者都具有 1/2 的自旋<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E6%95%B0" title="量子数">量子数</a>，它们以各种数量组合构成了不同的<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E7%B4%A0" title="核素">核素</a>。许多核素也具有自旋，核自旋量子数是由一个或多个质子与中子的自旋量子数 <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle S}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>S</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle S}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4611d85173cd3b508e67077d4a1252c9c05abca2" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.499ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle S}"></span> 依照角动量叠加原理得到的，通常用 <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle I}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>I</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle I}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/535ea7fc4134a31cbe2251d9d3511374bc41be9f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.172ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle I}"></span> 表示。同时，多个质子与中子以不同的方式叠加会产生不同的核自旋状态，核自旋态之间的跃迁通常需要极高的能量（约10<sup>11</sup> kJ/mol），因此大多数情况下核自旋处于<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E6%80%81" title="基态">基态</a>，基态核自旋量子数具有下列规律： </p> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%A8%E9%87%8F%E6%95%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="质量数">质量数</a>为奇数的核素具有半整数自旋，例如<sup>1</sup>H，<sup>13</sup>C；</li> <li>质量数为偶数、且质子数与中子数均为偶数的核素，基态核自旋量子数为 0，例如<sup>12</sup>C、<sup>16</sup>O、<sup>56</sup>Fe；</li> <li>质量数为偶数、且质子数和中子数均为奇数的核素，基态核自旋量子数为大于 0 的整数，例如<sup>2</sup>H、<sup>10</sup>B、<sup>14</sup>N。</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="核的磁性"><span id=".E6.A0.B8.E7.9A.84.E7.A3.81.E6.80.A7"></span>核的磁性</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%B8%E7%A3%81%E5%85%B1%E6%8C%AF&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：核的磁性"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%81%E6%80%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="磁性">磁性</a>是物质与<a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%81%E5%9C%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="磁场">磁场</a>发生作用的能力，通常由<a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%81%E7%9F%A9" title="磁矩">磁矩</a> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mu }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>μ</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mu }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/9fd47b2a39f7a7856952afec1f1db72c67af6161" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:1.402ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mu }"></span> 定量描述，一个物体的磁能取决于自身的磁矩以及磁场的大小，即 <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E_{mag}=-\mu B}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>E</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>m</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>g</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mo>−</mo> <mi>μ</mi> <mi>B</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E_{mag}=-\mu B}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/cfcbd6d3b9e619c4fc1cb126b5c496fd3c30dd72" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:13.121ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E_{mag}=-\mu B}"></span>。与自旋类似，各<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" title="基本粒子">基本粒子</a>也具有磁性的内禀性质，原子核的磁性可由<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%A8%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="质子">质子</a>与<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%90" title="中子">中子</a>的磁性经量子叠加得到，其磁矩大小与自旋角动量成正比：<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {\hat {\mu }}}=\gamma {\boldsymbol {\hat {S}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi mathvariant="bold-italic">μ</mi> <mo mathvariant="bold" stretchy="false">^</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mi>γ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi mathvariant="bold-italic">S</mi> <mo mathvariant="bold" stretchy="false">^</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {\hat {\mu }}}=\gamma {\boldsymbol {\hat {S}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/96320dbc799ffcd6abb72c5b8d0e8c8e510ee2e9" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:7.759ex; height:3.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {\hat {\mu }}}=\gamma {\boldsymbol {\hat {S}}}}"></span>，其中 <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \gamma }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>γ</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \gamma }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a223c880b0ce3da8f64ee33c4f0010beee400b1a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:1.262ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \gamma }"></span> 为<a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%81%E6%97%8B%E6%AF%94" class="mw-redirect" title="磁旋比">磁旋比</a>，单位为<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%A7%E5%BA%A6%E6%AF%8F%E7%A7%92" title="弧度每秒">弧度每秒</a>每<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89_(%E5%8D%95%E4%BD%8D)" title="特斯拉 (单位)">特斯拉</a>（rad s<sup>-1</sup> T<sup>-1</sup>），是不同的粒子所具有的特征常数。<sup id="cite_ref-SD_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SD-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:23-26</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="经典物理表述"><span id=".E7.BB.8F.E5.85.B8.E7.89.A9.E7.90.86.E8.A1.A8.E8.BF.B0"></span>经典物理表述</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%B8%E7%A3%81%E5%85%B1%E6%8C%AF&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：经典物理表述"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Precession_gamma.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Precession_gamma.svg/150px-Precession_gamma.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Precession_gamma.svg/225px-Precession_gamma.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Precession_gamma.svg/300px-Precession_gamma.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="812" data-file-height="936" /></a><figcaption>核自旋在磁场中的进动</figcaption></figure> <p>人们普遍认为，核磁共振现象来源于原子核的<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E6%97%8B%E8%A7%92%E5%8A%A8%E9%87%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="自旋角动量">自旋角动量</a>在外加磁场作用下的<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%9B%E5%8A%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="进动">进动</a>，这种论述通常被称为核磁共振现象的<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%93%E5%85%B8%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86" class="mw-redirect" title="經典物理">经典物理</a>表述。<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="进动与拉莫频率"><span id=".E8.BF.9B.E5.8A.A8.E4.B8.8E.E6.8B.89.E8.8E.AB.E9.A2.91.E7.8E.87"></span>进动与拉莫频率</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%B8%E7%A3%81%E5%85%B1%E6%8C%AF&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：进动与拉莫频率"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>当带有磁性的物体（例如一个<a href="/wiki/%E6%8C%87%E5%8D%97%E9%92%88" title="指南针">指南针</a>）被放置在磁场中时，磁矩的方向会旋转至与磁场方向平行，以降低磁能。当原子核位于磁场中时，由于其同时具有角动量，角动量与磁场的方向（即<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E6%97%8B%E6%9E%81%E5%8C%96" title="自旋极化">极化</a>方向）并不能与磁场方向保持平行，而是与磁场方向保持一定角度旋转，如同在一个以磁场方向为轴的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%86%E9%94%A5%E4%BD%93" class="mw-redirect" title="圆锥体">圆锥体</a>上，这种运动方式被称为自旋<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%9B%E5%8A%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="进动">进动</a>。 </p><p>自旋进动的频率被称为<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E8%8E%AB%E9%A0%BB%E7%8E%87" title="拉莫頻率">拉莫频率</a>，与磁场大小和磁旋比成正比：<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {\omega }}=-\gamma {\boldsymbol {B}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold-italic">ω</mi> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mo>−</mo> <mi>γ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold-italic">B</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {\omega }}=-\gamma {\boldsymbol {B}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c3c31c4d8e8e3ef596cf32c2e0016ee3b5fdce3d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:9.85ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {\omega }}=-\gamma {\boldsymbol {B}}}"></span>，单位为<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%A7%E5%BA%A6%E6%AF%8F%E7%A7%92" title="弧度每秒">弧度每秒</a>（rad/s）。若以<a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%AB%E5%85%B9" title="赫兹">赫兹</a>（Hz）为单位，公式如下： </p> <center><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {\omega }}=-{\frac {1}{2\pi }}\gamma {\boldsymbol {B}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold-italic">ω</mi> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mo>−</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mi>π</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mi>γ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold-italic">B</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {\omega }}=-{\frac {1}{2\pi }}\gamma {\boldsymbol {B}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f32cc682bef98ac35d879d8ae051bba4438abbd0" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:13.181ex; height:5.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {\omega }}=-{\frac {1}{2\pi }}\gamma {\boldsymbol {B}}}"></span></center> <p>进动的方向与磁旋比相关，若磁旋比为正，拉莫频率为负，进动方向则以<a href="/wiki/%E9%A1%BA%E6%97%B6%E9%92%88" class="mw-redirect" title="顺时针">顺时针</a>方向沿磁场方向旋转，例如<sup>1</sup>H与<sup>13</sup>C，反之则为<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%86%E6%99%82%E9%87%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="逆時針">逆时针</a>。<sup id="cite_ref-SD_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SD-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:26-30</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="共振电波"><span id=".E5.85.B1.E6.8C.AF.E7.94.B5.E6.B3.A2"></span>共振电波</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%B8%E7%A3%81%E5%85%B1%E6%8C%AF&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：共振电波"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>当施加<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A0%E7%BA%BF%E7%94%B5" title="无线电">射频电波</a>（通常为<a href="/wiki/%E8%84%88%E8%A1%9D%E6%B3%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="脈衝波">脉冲波</a>）时，进动中的核自旋会感受到两个磁场：静态磁场和射频电波的<a href="/wiki/%E6%8C%AF%E8%8D%A1" title="振荡">振荡</a>场，前者的磁场强度会比后者大好几个数量级，因此通常情况下射频振荡场对核自旋状态（如磁矩的方向与大小）并不会产生影响。然而，若施加的电波频率与拉莫频率相同，两者就会发生<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E9%B8%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="共鸣">共鸣</a>，从而使得自旋状态发生显著变化。<sup id="cite_ref-SD_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SD-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:247</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="量子物理表述"><span id=".E9.87.8F.E5.AD.90.E7.89.A9.E7.90.86.E8.A1.A8.E8.BF.B0"></span>量子物理表述</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%B8%E7%A3%81%E5%85%B1%E6%8C%AF&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：量子物理表述"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>量子物理学认为，一个具有量子数为 <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle I}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>I</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle I}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/535ea7fc4134a31cbe2251d9d3511374bc41be9f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.172ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle I}"></span> 的核量子态具有 <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 2I+1}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mn>2</mn> <mi>I</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 2I+1}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/2e1f3219b2fc780458fd9e63d2c3a6436a49d41a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:6.337ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 2I+1}"></span> 个折叠<a href="/wiki/%E7%B0%A1%E4%BD%B5%E6%85%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="簡併態">简并态</a>，施加磁场时，简并度会被破坏并分裂，这就是原子核的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E6%9B%BC%E6%95%88%E5%BA%94" title="塞曼效应">塞曼分裂</a>。因此，诸如<sup>12</sup>C、<sup>16</sup>O等量子数为 0 的核素并不具有核磁共振行为。核自旋量子数为 1/2 的核素在核磁共振波谱学中最为重要。原子核自旋大于 1/2 的被称为四极核，由于其塞曼分裂为两个以上的能级，核磁共振研究会更加困难。<sup id="cite_ref-SD_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SD-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:5-15</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="塞曼本征态"><span id=".E5.A1.9E.E6.9B.BC.E6.9C.AC.E5.BE.81.E6.80.81"></span>塞曼本征态</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%B8%E7%A3%81%E5%85%B1%E6%8C%AF&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节：塞曼本征态"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">参见：<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E6%97%8B-1/2" title="自旋-1/2">自旋-1/2</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NMR_splitting.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/NMR_splitting.gif/300px-NMR_splitting.gif" decoding="async" width="300" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/NMR_splitting.gif/450px-NMR_splitting.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/NMR_splitting.gif/600px-NMR_splitting.gif 2x" data-file-width="2376" data-file-height="1548" /></a><figcaption>核自旋在静磁场作用下的能级分裂</figcaption></figure><p> 一个量子数为 1/2 的自旋在 <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle z}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>z</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle z}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/bf368e72c009decd9b6686ee84a375632e11de98" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.088ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle z}"></span> 轴上具有两个<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E5%BE%81%E6%80%81" class="mw-redirect" title="本征态">本征态</a>，通常用 <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \left|\alpha \right\rangle }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow> <mo>|</mo> <mi>α</mi> <mo>⟩</mo> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \left|\alpha \right\rangle }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/3645cb270ed29e3eb6ec7dcd35ce4685325fe520" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:3.039ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \left|\alpha \right\rangle }"></span> 和 <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \left|\beta \right\rangle }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow> <mo>|</mo> <mi>β</mi> <mo>⟩</mo> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \left|\beta \right\rangle }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b1fcd55a37ee1acb4e1b432556ee432b4a00452c" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:2.883ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \left|\beta \right\rangle }"></span> 表示，即塞曼本征态。它们遵循以下本征方程：</p><center><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\hat {I_{z}}}\left|\alpha \right\rangle =+{\frac {1}{2}}\left|\alpha \right\rangle }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <msub> <mi>I</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>z</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">^</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow> <mo>|</mo> <mi>α</mi> <mo>⟩</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mo>+</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> <mrow> <mo>|</mo> <mi>α</mi> <mo>⟩</mo> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\hat {I_{z}}}\left|\alpha \right\rangle =+{\frac {1}{2}}\left|\alpha \right\rangle }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/9d7b7ea379cdc43280312296883a76abd5c76531" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:15.782ex; height:5.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\hat {I_{z}}}\left|\alpha \right\rangle =+{\frac {1}{2}}\left|\alpha \right\rangle }"></span></center><center><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\hat {I_{z}}}\left|\beta \right\rangle =-{\frac {1}{2}}\left|\beta \right\rangle }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <msub> <mi>I</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>z</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">^</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow> <mo>|</mo> <mi>β</mi> <mo>⟩</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mo>−</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> <mrow> <mo>|</mo> <mi>β</mi> <mo>⟩</mo> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\hat {I_{z}}}\left|\beta \right\rangle =-{\frac {1}{2}}\left|\beta \right\rangle }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ca22caebd4b345f0d8d6d22733dd6e7cb730d438" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:15.471ex; height:5.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\hat {I_{z}}}\left|\beta \right\rangle =-{\frac {1}{2}}\left|\beta \right\rangle }"></span></center><p> 本征态 <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \left|\alpha \right\rangle }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow> <mo>|</mo> <mi>α</mi> <mo>⟩</mo> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \left|\alpha \right\rangle }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/3645cb270ed29e3eb6ec7dcd35ce4685325fe520" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:3.039ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \left|\alpha \right\rangle }"></span> 的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E5%BE%81%E5%80%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="本征值">本征值</a>为 1/2，并在 <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle z}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>z</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle z}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/bf368e72c009decd9b6686ee84a375632e11de98" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.088ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle z}"></span> 轴上<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E6%97%8B%E6%9E%81%E5%8C%96" title="自旋极化">极化</a>，有时被称为“自旋向上”状态；<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \left|\beta \right\rangle }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow> <mo>|</mo> <mi>β</mi> <mo>⟩</mo> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \left|\beta \right\rangle }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b1fcd55a37ee1acb4e1b432556ee432b4a00452c" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:2.883ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \left|\beta \right\rangle }"></span> 的本征值为 -1/2，并在 <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle -z}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo>−</mo> <mi>z</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle -z}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/78c4571a4a3ceb7e7e55712372835ebe65d20f3e" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:2.896ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle -z}"></span> 轴上极化，被称为“自旋向下”状态。当施加与 <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle z}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>z</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle z}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/bf368e72c009decd9b6686ee84a375632e11de98" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.088ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle z}"></span> 轴平行的磁场 <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle B}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>B</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle B}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/47136aad860d145f75f3eed3022df827cee94d7a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.764ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle B}"></span> 时，自旋<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E5%AF%86%E9%A1%BF%E7%AE%97%E7%AC%A6" title="哈密顿算符">哈密顿算符</a> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\hat {H}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>H</mi> <mo stretchy="false">^</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\hat {H}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/6bb06de5217295d7fbdbf68fb9c5309a513fc99e" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.064ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\hat {H}}}"></span> 与<a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%92%E5%8A%A8%E9%87%8F%E7%AE%97%E7%AC%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="角动量算符">角动量算符</a> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\hat {I_{z}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <msub> <mi>I</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>z</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">^</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\hat {I_{z}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7d7f023722a23a186d0e8e84a5e412771cd5053b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.025ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\hat {I_{z}}}}"></span> 成正比：</p><center><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\hat {H}}=\omega {\hat {I_{z}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>H</mi> <mo stretchy="false">^</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mi>ω</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <msub> <mi>I</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>z</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">^</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\hat {H}}=\omega {\hat {I_{z}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/8b7d803c22a6cb210b6a03dabe335f73d3d75c30" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:8.633ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\hat {H}}=\omega {\hat {I_{z}}}}"></span></center><p> 其中拉莫频率 <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \omega =-\gamma B}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>ω</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mo>−</mo> <mi>γ</mi> <mi>B</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \omega =-\gamma B}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/125c2e01cdb32aaf3f343109d823020a3479c7ea" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:9.379ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \omega =-\gamma B}"></span>。因此，状态 <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \left|\alpha \right\rangle }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow> <mo>|</mo> <mi>α</mi> <mo>⟩</mo> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \left|\alpha \right\rangle }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/3645cb270ed29e3eb6ec7dcd35ce4685325fe520" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:3.039ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \left|\alpha \right\rangle }"></span> 和 <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \left|\beta \right\rangle }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow> <mo>|</mo> <mi>β</mi> <mo>⟩</mo> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \left|\beta \right\rangle }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b1fcd55a37ee1acb4e1b432556ee432b4a00452c" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:2.883ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \left|\beta \right\rangle }"></span> 同时也是自旋哈密顿算符的本征态，其本征值为 <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mp {\frac {1}{2}}\omega }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo>∓</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> <mi>ω</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mp {\frac {1}{2}}\omega }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/522538099fd7126d8c487e38e61774ce5c583a1d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:5.253ex; height:5.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mp {\frac {1}{2}}\omega }"></span>，为本征态的能量（单位为 <a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E6%9C%97%E5%85%8B%E5%B8%B8%E6%95%B0#约化普朗克常数" title="普朗克常数"><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \hbar }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi class="MJX-variant">ℏ</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \hbar }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/de68de3a92517953436c93b5a76461d49160cc41" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.306ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \hbar }"></span></a> ）。<sup id="cite_ref-SD_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SD-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:231-4</sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="核量子态跃迁"><span id=".E6.A0.B8.E9.87.8F.E5.AD.90.E6.80.81.E8.B7.83.E8.BF.81"></span>核量子态跃迁</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%B8%E7%A3%81%E5%85%B1%E6%8C%AF&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节：核量子态跃迁"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">参见：<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E8%B7%83%E8%BF%81" title="量子跃迁">量子跃迁</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%BB%E5%B0%94%E5%85%B9%E6%9B%BC%E5%88%86%E5%B8%83" title="玻尔兹曼分布">玻尔兹曼分布</a></div><p> 自旋向上与向下的数量遵循<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%BB%E5%B0%94%E5%85%B9%E6%9B%BC%E5%88%86%E5%B8%83" title="玻尔兹曼分布">玻尔兹曼分布</a>，它们之间的能极差为： </p><center><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \Delta {E}=\gamma \hbar B_{0}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>E</mi> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mi>γ</mi> <mi class="MJX-variant">ℏ</mi> <msub> <mi>B</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \Delta {E}=\gamma \hbar B_{0}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/db0e93410db4e300141553d0b52cb9414c6e977d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:12.197ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \Delta {E}=\gamma \hbar B_{0}}"></span></center><p> 当对系统施加能量相等的<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%AD%90" title="光子">光子</a>时，会有部分自旋向上的自旋<a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%80%E5%8F%91" class="mw-redirect" title="激发">激发</a>为自旋向下。停止施加光子时，系统会在一段时间（<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%9B%E7%B7%A9_(%E6%A0%B8%E7%A3%81%E5%85%B1%E6%8C%AF)" title="弛緩 (核磁共振)">弛豫时间</a>）后恢复平衡态，在此期间自旋向下退激为向上状态，并释放光子。<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="衍生现象"><span id=".E8.A1.8D.E7.94.9F.E7.8E.B0.E8.B1.A1"></span>衍生现象</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%B8%E7%A3%81%E5%85%B1%E6%8C%AF&action=edit&section=15" title="编辑章节：衍生现象"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在核磁共振的过程中，核自旋会与其周围环境会发生各种作用，包括电子、其他原子核自旋等，从而衍生出许多其他现象。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="弛豫"><span id=".E5.BC.9B.E8.B1.AB"></span>弛豫</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%B8%E7%A3%81%E5%85%B1%E6%8C%AF&action=edit&section=16" title="编辑章节：弛豫"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%9B%E7%B7%A9_(%E6%A0%B8%E7%A3%81%E5%85%B1%E6%8C%AF)" title="弛緩 (核磁共振)">弛缓 (核磁共振)</a></div> <p>弛豫（Relaxation），或译作弛缓，指的是在核磁共振过程中核自旋磁性强度与方向受到射频脉冲后恢复<a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E5%B9%B3%E8%A1%A1" title="熱平衡">热平衡态</a>的过程，所经历的<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%B6%E9%97%B4" title="时间">时间</a>即弛豫时间，能反映原子或分子中各个原子的微观运动状态。核磁共振波谱学与磁共振成像中均有对这一现象的运用。<sup id="cite_ref-SD_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SD-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:543-95</sup> <sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:24-57</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="化学位移"><span id=".E5.8C.96.E5.AD.A6.E4.BD.8D.E7.A7.BB"></span>化学位移</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%B8%E7%A3%81%E5%85%B1%E6%8C%AF&action=edit&section=17" title="编辑章节：化学位移"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E4%BD%8D%E7%A7%BB" title="化学位移">化学位移</a></div> <p>化学位移（Chemical shift）指的是原子核自旋在磁场中的核磁共振频率相对于同种核的某个标准共振频率数值的偏移，来源于不同的同种原子核所在的微观环境的差异，主要由原子核外围电子的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%8F%E8%94%BD%E6%95%88%E5%BA%94" title="屏蔽效应">屏蔽效应</a>导致。该现象在核磁共振波谱学中至关重要，可通过其了解实验样品的<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84" title="分子结构">分子结构</a>。<sup id="cite_ref-SD_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SD-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:195-206</sup> <sup id="cite_ref-OC_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OC-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:386-95</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="应用"><span id=".E5.BA.94.E7.94.A8"></span>应用</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%B8%E7%A3%81%E5%85%B1%E6%8C%AF&action=edit&section=18" title="编辑章节：应用"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="核磁共振波谱"><span id=".E6.A0.B8.E7.A3.81.E5.85.B1.E6.8C.AF.E6.B3.A2.E8.B0.B1"></span>核磁共振波谱</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%B8%E7%A3%81%E5%85%B1%E6%8C%AF&action=edit&section=19" title="编辑章节：核磁共振波谱"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E7%A3%81%E5%85%B1%E6%8C%AF%E6%B3%A2%E8%B0%B1%E5%AD%A6" title="核磁共振波谱学">核磁共振波谱学</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NMR_filling_liquid_nitrogen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/NMR_filling_liquid_nitrogen.jpg/300px-NMR_filling_liquid_nitrogen.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/NMR_filling_liquid_nitrogen.jpg/450px-NMR_filling_liquid_nitrogen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/NMR_filling_liquid_nitrogen.jpg/600px-NMR_filling_liquid_nitrogen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="1728" /></a><figcaption>核磁共振儀是靠著<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E5%B0%8E%E9%AB%94" title="超導體">超導</a>線圈來運作的，需要在極低温的工作環境下才可運作。圖為正在幫核磁共振儀增添冷卻用的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%B2%E6%80%81%E6%B0%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="液态氮">液態氮</a></figcaption></figure> <p>核磁共振谱技术，简称NMR，是将核磁共振现象应用于分子结构测定的一项技术。对于<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="有机">有机</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90" title="分子">分子</a>结构测定来说，核磁共振谱扮演了非常重要的角色，核磁共振谱与<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%AB%E5%A4%96%E5%85%89%E8%B0%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="紫外光谱">紫外光谱</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A2%E5%A4%96%E5%85%89%E8%B0%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="红外光谱">红外光谱</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%A8%E8%B0%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="质谱">质谱</a>一起被有机化学家们称为“四大名谱”。目前对核磁共振谱的研究主要集中在<sup>1</sup>H和<sup>13</sup>C两类原子核的图谱。 </p><p>对于孤立原子核而言，同一种原子核在同样强度的外磁场中，只对某一特定频率的射频场敏感。但是处于分子结构中的原子核，由于分子中<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E4%BA%91" title="电子云">電子雲</a>分布等因素的影响，实际感受到的外磁场强度往往会发生一定程度的变化，而且处于分子结构中不同位置的原子核，所感受到的外加磁场的强度也各不相同，这种分子中電子雲对外加磁场强度的影响，会导致分子中不同位置原子核对不同频率的射频场敏感，从而导致核磁共振信号的差异，这种差异便是通过核磁共振解析分子结构的基础。原子核附近<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E9%94%AE" title="化学键">化学键</a>和电子云的分布状况称为该原子核的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="化学环境（页面不存在）">化学环境</a>，由于化学环境影响导致的核磁共振信号频率位置的变化称为该原子核的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E4%BD%8D%E7%A7%BB" title="化学位移">化学位移</a>。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%A6%E5%90%88%E5%B8%B8%E6%95%B8" title="耦合常數">耦合常数</a>是化学位移之外核磁共振谱提供的的另一个重要信息，所谓<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%A6%E5%90%88" class="mw-disambig" title="耦合">耦合</a>指的是临近原子核自旋角动量的相互影响，这种原子核自旋角动量的相互作用会改变原子核自旋在外磁场中进动的能级分布状况，造成能级的裂分，进而造成NMR谱图中的信号峰形状发生变化，通过解析这些峰形的变化，可以推测出分子结构中各原子之间的连接关系。 </p><p>最后，信号强度是核磁共振谱的第三个重要信息，处于相同化学环境的原子核在核磁共振谱中会显示为同一个信号峰，通过解析信号峰的强度可以获知这些原子核的数量，从而为分子结构的解析提供重要信息。表征信号峰强度的是信号峰的曲线下面积<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%AF%E5%88%86" title="积分">积分</a>，这一信息对于<sup>1</sup>H-NMR谱尤为重要，而对于最常见的全去耦<sup>13</sup>C-NMR谱而言，由于峰强度和原子核数量的对应关系并不显著，因而峰强度并不非常重要。 </p><p>早期的核磁共振谱主要集中于<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A2%E8%B0%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="氢谱">氢谱</a>，这是由于能够产生核磁共振信号的<sup>1</sup>H原子在自然界<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B0%E5%BA%A6" title="丰度">丰度</a>极高，由其产生的核磁共振信号很强，容易检测。随着<a href="/wiki/%E5%82%85%E7%AB%8B%E5%8F%B6%E5%8F%98%E6%8D%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="傅立叶变换">傅立叶变换</a>技术的发展，核磁共振仪可以在很短的时间内同时发出不同频率的射频场，这样就可以对样品重复扫描，从而将微弱的核磁共振信号从<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%9C%E8%A8%8A" title="雜訊">背景噪音</a>中区分出来，这使得人们可以收集<sup>13</sup>C核磁共振信号。 </p><p>近年来，人们发展了<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%8C%E7%BB%B4%E6%A0%B8%E7%A3%81%E5%85%B1%E6%8C%AF%E8%B0%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="二维核磁共振谱（页面不存在）">二维核磁共振谱</a>技术，这使得人们能够获得更多关于分子结构的信息，目前二维核磁共振谱已经可以解析<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90%E9%87%8F" title="分子量">分子量</a>较小的<a href="/wiki/%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD%E8%B4%A8" title="蛋白质">蛋白质</a>分子的空间结构。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="磁共振成像"><span id=".E7.A3.81.E5.85.B1.E6.8C.AF.E6.88.90.E5.83.8F"></span>磁共振成像</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%B8%E7%A3%81%E5%85%B1%E6%8C%AF&action=edit&section=20" title="编辑章节：磁共振成像"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:User-FastFission-brain.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="人脑MRI断层扫描图像"><img alt="人脑MRI断层扫描图像" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c7/User-FastFission-brain.gif" decoding="async" width="213" height="231" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="213" data-file-height="231" /></a><figcaption>人<a href="/wiki/%E8%84%91" title="脑">脑</a>MRI断层扫描图像</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%81%E5%85%B1%E6%8C%AF%E6%88%90%E5%83%8F" title="磁共振成像">磁共振成像</a></div> <p>磁共振成像（Magnetic resonance imaging，MRI）<span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20220612002652/https://www.khanacademy.org/test-prep/mcat/physical-processes/proton-nuclear-magnetic-resonance/a/magnetic-resonance-imaging-mri">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）技术是核磁共振在<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="医学">医学</a>领域的应用。人体内含有非常丰富的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4" title="水">水</a>，不同的组织，水的含量也各不相同，如果能够探测到这些水的分布信息，就能够绘制出一幅比较完整的人体内部结构图像，磁共振成像技术就是通过识别水分子中<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A2%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="氢原子">氢原子</a>信号的分布来推测水分子在人体内的分布，进而探测人体内部结构的技术。 </p><p>与用于鉴定分子结构的核磁共振谱技术不同，磁共振成像技术改变的是外加磁场的强度，而非射频场的频率。磁共振成像仪在垂直于主磁场方向会提供两个相互垂直的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A2%AF%E5%BA%A6%E7%A3%81%E5%9C%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="梯度磁场（页面不存在）">梯度磁场</a>，这样在人体内磁场的分布就会随着空间位置的变化而变化，每一个位置都会有一个强度不同、方向不同的磁场，这样，位于人体不同部位的氢原子就会对不同的射频场信号产生反应，通过记录这一反应，并加以计算处理，可以获得水分子在空间中分布的信息，从而获得人体内部结构的图像。 </p><p>磁共振成像技术还可以与<a href="/wiki/X%E5%B0%84%E7%BA%BF%E6%96%AD%E5%B1%82%E6%88%90%E5%83%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="X射线断层成像">X射线断层成像</a>技术（CT）结合为临床诊断和生理学、医学研究提供重要数据。 </p><p>磁共振成像技术是一种非介入探测技术，相对于<a href="/wiki/X-%E5%B0%84%E7%BA%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="X-射线">X-射线</a>透视技术和放射造影技术，MRI对人体没有辐射影响，相对于<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E5%A3%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="超声">超声</a>探测技术，磁共振成像更加清晰，能够显示更多细节，此外相对于其他成像技术，磁共振成像不仅仅能够显示有形的实体病变，而且还能够对<a href="/wiki/%E8%84%91" title="脑">脑</a>、心、<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="肝">肝</a>等功能性反应进行精确的判定。在<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%95%E9%87%91%E6%A3%AE%E6%B0%8F%E7%97%87" class="mw-redirect" title="帕金森氏症">帕金森氏症</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E8%8C%A8%E6%B5%B7%E9%BB%98%E6%B0%8F%E7%97%87" class="mw-redirect" title="阿尔茨海默氏症">阿尔茨海默氏症</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%8C%E7%97%87" title="癌症">癌症</a>等疾病的诊断方面，MRI技术都发挥了非常重要的作用。 </p><p>由于原理的不同，CT对软组织成像的对比度不高，MRI对软组织成像的对比度大大高于CT。这使得MRI特别适用于脑组织成像。由MRI获取的图像，通过<a href="/wiki/%E6%93%B4%E6%95%A3%E7%A3%81%E6%8C%AF%E9%80%A0%E5%BD%B1" title="擴散磁振造影">DSI技术</a>，可以得到大脑神经网络的结构图谱，近年来，发表了一系列论文。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="磁共振探测"><span id=".E7.A3.81.E5.85.B1.E6.8C.AF.E6.8E.A2.E6.B5.8B"></span>磁共振探测</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%B8%E7%A3%81%E5%85%B1%E6%8C%AF&action=edit&section=21" title="编辑章节：磁共振探测"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>磁共振探测（magnetic resonance sounding, MRS）或磁共振测深<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>是MRI技术在<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E8%B4%A8%E5%8B%98%E6%8E%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="地质勘探（页面不存在）">地质勘探</a>领域的延伸，通过对<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E5%B1%82" title="地层">地层</a>中水分布信息的探测，可以确定某一地层下是否有<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%8B%E6%B0%B4" title="地下水">地下水</a>存在，地下水位的高度、含水层的含水量和<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%94%E9%9A%99%E7%8E%87" title="孔隙率">孔隙率</a>等地层结构信息。 </p><p>目前磁共振探测技术已经成为传统的<a href="/wiki/%E9%92%BB%E6%8E%A2" title="钻探">钻探</a>探测技术的补充手段，并且应用于<a href="/wiki/%E6%BB%91%E5%9D%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="滑坡">滑坡</a>等<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E8%B4%A8%E7%81%BE%E5%AE%B3" title="地质灾害">地质灾害</a>的预防工作中，但是相对于传统的钻探探测，磁共振探测设备购买、运行和维护费用非常高昂，这严重地限制了MRS技术在地质科学中的应用。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="备注"><span id=".E5.A4.87.E6.B3.A8"></span>备注</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%B8%E7%A3%81%E5%85%B1%E6%8C%AF&action=edit&section=22" title="编辑章节：备注"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="references-NoteFoot"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">“磁共振成像”舊稱“核磁共振成像”（NMRI），後因其初次應用於醫學影像處於冷戰時期，而且民眾誤以為該檢查具輻射線，而改稱 MRI，去掉 nuclear 字樣，但其原理與 NMR 並無不同。見： <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.khanacademy.org/test-prep/mcat/physical-processes/proton-nuclear-magnetic-resonance/a/magnetic-resonance-imaging-mri">https://www.khanacademy.org/test-prep/mcat/physical-processes/proton-nuclear-magnetic-resonance/a/magnetic-resonance-imaging-mri</a> 及 McArthur, R. A. (2013). Translational Neuroimaging: Tools for CNS Drug Discovery, Development and Treatment. Elsevier Acad. 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Nobelprize.org. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2008-10-06</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/6HYiF327P?url=http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2002/index.html">存档</a>于2013-06-22）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%A0%B8%E7%A3%81%E5%85%B1%E6%8C%AF&rft.btitle=The+Nobel+Prize+in+Chemistry+2002&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Nobelprize.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fchemistry%2Flaureates%2F2002%2Findex.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nobel-2003-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nobel-2003_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2003/index.html">The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2003</a>. Nobel Foundation. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-07-28</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070718172340/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2003/index.html">存档</a>于2007-07-18）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%A0%B8%E7%A3%81%E5%85%B1%E6%8C%AF&rft.btitle=The+Nobel+Prize+in+Physiology+or+Medicine+2003&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Nobel+Foundation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fmedicine%2Flaureates%2F2003%2Findex.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Mark J. Winter. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webelements.com/">The periodic table of the elements</a>. <a href="/wiki/%E8%B0%A2%E8%8F%B2%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="谢菲尔德大学">谢菲尔德大学</a> and WebElements Ltd, UK. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2024-05-18</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230925034324/https://www.webelements.com/">存档</a>于2023-09-25）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%A0%B8%E7%A3%81%E5%85%B1%E6%8C%AF&rft.au=Mark+J.+Winter&rft.btitle=The+periodic+table+of+the+elements&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E8%B0%A2%E8%8F%B2%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6+and+WebElements+Ltd%2C+UK&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.webelements.com%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">H.E Rorschach. A classical theory of NMR relaxation processes. Journal of Magnetic Resonance. 1969, <b>67</b> (3): 519-530. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0022-2364%2886%2990388-4"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1016/0022-2364(86)90388-4</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%A0%B8%E7%A3%81%E5%85%B1%E6%8C%AF&rft.atitle=A+classical+theory+of+NMR+relaxation+processes&rft.au=H.E+Rorschach&rft.date=1969&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=3&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Magnetic+Resonance&rft.pages=519-530&rft.volume=67&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0022-2364%2886%2990388-4&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Robert L. Dixon; Kenneth E. Ekstrand. The physics of proton NMR. Medical physics. 1982, <b>9</b> (6): 807-818. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1118%2F1.595189"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1118/1.595189</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%A0%B8%E7%A3%81%E5%85%B1%E6%8C%AF&rft.atitle=The+physics+of+proton+NMR&rft.au=Kenneth+E.+Ekstrand&rft.au=Robert+L.+Dixon&rft.date=1982&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=6&rft.jtitle=Medical+physics&rft.pages=807-818&rft.volume=9&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1118%2F1.595189&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Catherine Westbrook; John Talbot. MRI in Practice 5th Edition. Wiley-Blackwell. October 2018. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-1-119-39196-8" title="Special:网络书源/978-1-119-39196-8"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-1-119-39196-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%A0%B8%E7%A3%81%E5%85%B1%E6%8C%AF&rft.au=Catherine+Westbrook&rft.au=John+Talbot&rft.btitle=MRI+in+Practice&rft.date=2018-10&rft.edition=5th+Edition&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-1-119-39196-8&rft.pub=Wiley-Blackwell&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33"> 引文格式1维护：冗余文本 (<a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E7%BB%B4%E6%8A%A4%EF%BC%9A%E5%86%97%E4%BD%99%E6%96%87%E6%9C%AC" title="Category:引文格式1维护：冗余文本">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OC-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-OC_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">John E. McMurry. Organic Chemistry 9th Edition. Cengage Learning. 2015. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-1305080485" title="Special:网络书源/978-1305080485"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-1305080485</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%A0%B8%E7%A3%81%E5%85%B1%E6%8C%AF&rft.au=John+E.+McMurry&rft.btitle=Organic+Chemistry&rft.date=2015&rft.edition=9th+Edition&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-1305080485&rft.pub=Cengage+Learning&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33"> 引文格式1维护：冗余文本 (<a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E7%BB%B4%E6%8A%A4%EF%BC%9A%E5%86%97%E4%BD%99%E6%96%87%E6%9C%AC" title="Category:引文格式1维护：冗余文本">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ecsponline.com/goods.php?id=212524">存档副本</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2021-11-27</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211218031425/https://www.ecsponline.com/goods.php?id=212524">存档</a>于2021-12-18）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%A0%B8%E7%A3%81%E5%85%B1%E6%8C%AF&rft.btitle=%E5%AD%98%E6%A1%A3%E5%89%AF%E6%9C%AC&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ecsponline.com%2Fgoods.php%3Fid%3D212524&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="外部链接"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.93.BE.E6.8E.A5"></span>外部链接</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%B8%E7%A3%81%E5%85%B1%E6%8C%AF&action=edit&section=24" title="编辑章节：外部链接"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iams.sinica.edu.tw/lab/lphwang/theory.htm">Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Laboratory </a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20120502173551/http://www.iams.sinica.edu.tw/lab/lphwang/theory.htm">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="参考书目"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E4.B9.A6.E7.9B.AE"></span>参考书目</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%B8%E7%A3%81%E5%85%B1%E6%8C%AF&action=edit&section=25" title="编辑章节：参考书目"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Hornak, Joseph P. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cis.rit.edu/htbooks/nmr/"><i>The Basics of NMR</i></a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20160121202543/http://www.cis.rit.edu/htbooks/nmr/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li>张建中，孙存普《磁共振教程》中国科学技术大学出版社 1996</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E5%AF%A6%E9%A9%97%E5%AE%A4%E8%A8%AD%E5%82%99" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:實驗室設備"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="實驗室設備" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%A6%E9%A9%97%E5%AE%A4%E8%A8%AD%E5%82%99" title="實驗室設備">實驗室設備</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2" style=";"><div id="通用設備" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em">通用設備</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>加熱器</li><li>乾燥器</li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%85%92%E7%B2%BE%E7%81%AF" title="酒精灯">酒精灯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E7%94%9F%E7%87%88" title="本生燈">本生燈</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B2%E7%87%A5%E5%99%A8" title="干燥器">乾燥器</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="加熱包" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Heating mantle"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%A0%E7%86%B1%E5%8C%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="加熱包（页面不存在）">加熱包</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heating_mantle" class="extiw" title="en:Heating mantle"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Heating mantle</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="加熱板" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Hot plate"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%A0%E7%86%B1%E6%9D%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="加熱板（页面不存在）">加熱板</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_plate" class="extiw" title="en:Hot plate"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Hot plate</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="熱風烘箱" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Hot air oven"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%86%B1%E9%A2%A8%E7%83%98%E7%AE%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="熱風烘箱（页面不存在）">熱風烘箱</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_air_oven" class="extiw" title="en:Hot air oven"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Hot air oven</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AA%91" title="窑">窯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%A6%E5%85%8B%E7%81%AF" title="麦克灯">麥克爾-費雪燈</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E5%85%8B%E5%8D%A2%E5%96%B7%E7%81%AF" title="特克卢喷灯">特克盧噴燈</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="實驗用水槽" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Laboratory water bath"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AF%A6%E9%A9%97%E7%94%A8%E6%B0%B4%E6%A7%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="實驗用水槽（页面不存在）">實驗用水槽</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratory_water_bath" class="extiw" title="en:Laboratory water bath"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Laboratory water bath</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="真空乾燥箱" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Vacuum dry box"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9C%9F%E7%A9%BA%E4%B9%BE%E7%87%A5%E7%AE%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="真空乾燥箱（页面不存在）">真空乾燥箱</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_dry_box" class="extiw" title="en:Vacuum dry box"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Vacuum dry box</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>混合器</li><li>攪拌器</li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="恆化器" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Chemostat"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%81%86%E5%8C%96%E5%99%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="恆化器（页面不存在）">恆化器</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemostat" class="extiw" title="en:Chemostat"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Chemostat</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="均質機" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Homogenizer"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9D%87%E8%B3%AA%E6%A9%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="均質機（页面不存在）">均質機</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homogenizer" class="extiw" title="en:Homogenizer"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Homogenizer</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="液哨" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Liquid whistle"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B6%B2%E5%93%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="液哨（页面不存在）">液哨</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid_whistle" class="extiw" title="en:Liquid whistle"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Liquid whistle</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%81%E5%8A%9B%E6%90%85%E6%8B%8C%E5%99%A8" title="磁力搅拌器">電磁攪拌器</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B5%E8%87%BC" title="杵臼">研缽</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%87%E5%BA%8A" title="摇床">搖床</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="音振作用" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sonication"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9F%B3%E6%8C%AF%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="音振作用（页面不存在）">超音波振盪器</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonication" class="extiw" title="en:Sonication"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sonication</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="靜態混合器" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Static mixer"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9D%9C%E6%85%8B%E6%B7%B7%E5%90%88%E5%99%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="靜態混合器（页面不存在）">靜態混合器</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Static_mixer" class="extiw" title="en:Static mixer"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Static mixer</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%BB%E7%92%83%E6%A3%92" title="玻璃棒">玻璃棒</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="試管震盪器" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Vortex mixer"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A9%A6%E7%AE%A1%E9%9C%87%E7%9B%AA%E5%99%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="試管震盪器（页面不存在）">試管震盪器</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vortex_mixer" class="extiw" title="en:Vortex mixer"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Vortex mixer</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%97%E7%93%B6" title="洗瓶">洗瓶</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%AA%E6%8B%8C%E6%A3%92" title="攪拌棒">攪拌棒</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>腳架</li><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%B9%E9%92%B3" title="夹钳">夾鉗</a></li><li>固定</li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>燒杯夾</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="持夾器" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Clamp holder"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8C%81%E5%A4%BE%E5%99%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="持夾器（页面不存在）">持夾器</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clamp_holder" class="extiw" title="en:Clamp holder"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Clamp holder</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E8%84%9A%E6%9E%B6_(%E5%AE%9E%E9%AA%8C%E5%AE%A4%E8%AE%BE%E5%A4%87)" title="三脚架 (实验室设备)">三脚架</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BB%B4%E5%AE%9A%E7%AE%A1%E5%A4%BE" title="滴定管夾">滴定管夾</a></li> <li>延伸夾鉗</li> <li>砂箱夾</li> <li>漏斗架</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%81%E5%9C%88_(%E5%AE%9E%E9%AA%8C%E5%AE%A4%E5%99%A8%E6%9D%90)" title="铁圈 (实验室器材)">鐵圈</a></li> <li>彈簧夾</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%90%B5%E6%9E%B6%E5%8F%B0" title="鐵架台">鐵架台</a></li> <li>螺旋夾</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%A6%E7%AE%A1%E5%A4%BE" title="試管夾">試管夾</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%A6%E7%AE%A1%E6%9E%B6" title="試管架">試管架</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E6%A3%89%E7%BD%91" title="石棉网">石棉网</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="實驗室瀝水架" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Lab drying rack"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AF%A6%E9%A9%97%E5%AE%A4%E7%80%9D%E6%B0%B4%E6%9E%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="實驗室瀝水架（页面不存在）">實驗室瀝水架</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lab_drying_rack" class="extiw" title="en:Lab drying rack"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Lab drying rack</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>容器</li><li>儲存設備</li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%93%8A%E8%84%82%E5%B9%B3%E6%9D%BF" title="瓊脂平板">瓊脂平板</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E6%BA%AB%E7%93%B6" title="保溫瓶">保溫瓶</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="恒溫箱" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Incubator (culture)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%81%92%E6%BA%AB%E7%AE%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="恒溫箱（页面不存在）">恒溫箱</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incubator_(culture)" class="extiw" title="en:Incubator (culture)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Incubator (culture)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="無菌操作台" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Laminar flow cabinet"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%84%A1%E8%8F%8C%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E5%8F%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="無菌操作台（页面不存在）">無菌操作台</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laminar_flow_cabinet" class="extiw" title="en:Laminar flow cabinet"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Laminar flow cabinet</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="微量滴定板" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Microtiter plate"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BE%AE%E9%87%8F%E6%BB%B4%E5%AE%9A%E6%9D%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="微量滴定板（页面不存在）">微量滴定板</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microtiter_plate" class="extiw" title="en:Microtiter plate"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Microtiter plate</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%B9%E5%85%BB%E7%9A%BF" title="培养皿">培养皿</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="微孔板" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Picotiter plate"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BE%AE%E5%AD%94%E6%9D%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="微孔板（页面不存在）">微孔板</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Picotiter_plate" class="extiw" title="en:Picotiter plate"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Picotiter plate</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E7%AE%B1" title="冰箱">冰箱</a></li> <li>稱量舟</li> <li>稱量皿</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%B9%E5%85%BB%E7%AE%B1" title="培养箱">培養箱</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其它</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%BD%E6%BF%BE%E7%AE%A1" title="抽濾管">抽濾管</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%8E%8B%E9%87%9C" title="高压釜">滅菌釜</a></li> <li>天平刷</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="軟木穿孔器" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Cork borer"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BB%9F%E6%9C%A8%E7%A9%BF%E5%AD%94%E5%99%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="軟木穿孔器（页面不存在）">軟木穿孔器</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cork_borer" class="extiw" title="en:Cork borer"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Cork borer</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9D%A9%E5%9F%9A" title="坩埚">坩埚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%BE%E7%B4%99" title="濾紙">濾紙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%8A%BC%E5%88%80" title="銼刀">銼刀</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="鉗子 (實驗室設備)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Forceps"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%89%97%E5%AD%90_(%E5%AF%A6%E9%A9%97%E5%AE%A4%E8%A8%AD%E5%82%99)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="鉗子 (實驗室設備)（页面不存在）">鉗子</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forceps" class="extiw" title="en:Forceps"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Forceps</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="實驗室離心機" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Laboratory centrifuge"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AF%A6%E9%A9%97%E5%AE%A4%E9%9B%A2%E5%BF%83%E6%A9%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="實驗室離心機（页面不存在）">離心機</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratory_centrifuge" class="extiw" title="en:Laboratory centrifuge"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Laboratory centrifuge</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A1%AF%E5%BE%AE%E9%8F%A1" title="顯微鏡">顯微鏡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A5%E4%B8%89%E8%A7%92" title="泥三角">泥三角</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E5%85%89%E5%85%89%E5%BA%A6%E6%B3%95" title="分光光度法">分光光度計</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="木棒 (實驗室器材)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Splint (laboratory equipment)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%A8%E6%A3%92_(%E5%AF%A6%E9%A9%97%E5%AE%A4%E5%99%A8%E6%9D%90)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="木棒 (實驗室器材)（页面不存在）">木棒</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Splint_(laboratory_equipment)" class="extiw" title="en:Splint (laboratory equipment)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Splint (laboratory equipment)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="實驗室橡皮塞" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Laboratory rubber stopper"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AF%A6%E9%A9%97%E5%AE%A4%E6%A9%A1%E7%9A%AE%E5%A1%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="實驗室橡皮塞（页面不存在）">橡皮塞</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratory_rubber_stopper" class="extiw" title="en:Laboratory rubber stopper"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Laboratory rubber stopper</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="刮刀" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Scoopula"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%88%AE%E5%88%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="刮刀（页面不存在）">刮刀</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scoopula" class="extiw" title="en:Scoopula"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Scoopula</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="刮勺" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Spatula"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%88%AE%E5%8B%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="刮勺（页面不存在）">刮勺</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spatula" class="extiw" title="en:Spatula"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Spatula</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%95%E7%AE%A1%E5%88%B7" title="试管刷">試管刷</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="鋼絲刷" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Wire brush"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%8B%BC%E7%B5%B2%E5%88%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="鋼絲刷（页面不存在）">鋼絲刷</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wire_brush" class="extiw" title="en:Wire brush"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Wire brush</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="接種針" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Inoculation needle"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8E%A5%E7%A8%AE%E9%87%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="接種針（页面不存在）">接種針</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inoculation_needle" class="extiw" title="en:Inoculation needle"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Inoculation needle</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="接種環" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Inoculation loop"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8E%A5%E7%A8%AE%E7%92%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="接種環（页面不存在）">接種環</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inoculation_loop" class="extiw" title="en:Inoculation loop"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Inoculation loop</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%9F%E6%9C%A8%E5%A1%9E" title="軟木塞">軟木塞</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2" style=";"><div id="玻璃器皿" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%9E%E9%AA%8C%E5%AE%A4%E7%8E%BB%E7%92%83%E5%99%A8%E7%9A%BF" title="实验室玻璃器皿">玻璃器皿</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">裝置</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%AA%E5%AE%89-%E6%96%AF%E5%A1%94%E5%85%8B%E8%A3%85%E7%BD%AE" title="迪安-斯塔克装置">迪安-斯塔克裝置</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%A2%E6%B0%8F%E6%8F%90%E5%8F%96%E5%99%A8" title="索氏提取器">索氏提取器</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%95%9F%E6%99%AE%E7%99%BC%E7%94%9F%E5%99%A8" title="啟普發生器">啟普發生器</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">瓶罐容器</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%A3%AB%E9%A1%BF%E5%9C%86%E5%BD%A2%E7%93%B6" title="波士顿圆形瓶">波士頓圓形瓶</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B8%E5%AF%B9%E5%AF%86%E5%BA%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="相对密度">比重瓶</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B7%E5%87%9D%E7%AE%A1" title="冷凝管">冷凝管</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="冷指" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Cold finger"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%86%B7%E6%8C%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="冷指（页面不存在）">冷指</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold_finger" class="extiw" title="en:Cold finger"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Cold finger</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B4%E5%BD%A2%E5%86%B7%E5%87%9D%E7%AE%A1" title="直形冷凝管">李必氏冷凝管</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%9B%87%E5%BD%A2%E5%86%B7%E5%87%9D%E7%AE%A1" title="蛇形冷凝管">蛇形冷凝管</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">器皿</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%B8%E7%99%BC%E7%9A%BF" title="蒸發皿">蒸發皿</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%B9%E5%85%BB%E7%9A%BF" title="培养皿">培养皿</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%A8%E9%9D%A2%E7%9A%BF" title="表面皿">表面皿</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%A7%E7%93%B6" title="烧瓶">燒瓶</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E6%B0%8F%E7%83%A7%E7%93%B6" title="布氏烧瓶">布氏烧瓶</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E6%BA%AB%E7%93%B6" title="保溫瓶">真空保溫瓶</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%8C%90%E5%BD%A2%E7%93%B6" title="錐形瓶">錐形瓶</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="馮巴赫瓶" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Fernbach flask"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A6%AE%E5%B7%B4%E8%B5%AB%E7%93%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="馮巴赫瓶（页面不存在）">馮巴赫瓶</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fernbach_flask" class="extiw" title="en:Fernbach flask"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Fernbach flask</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="縮頸燒杯" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Fleaker"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B8%AE%E9%A0%B8%E7%87%92%E6%9D%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="縮頸燒杯（页面不存在）">縮頸燒杯</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fleaker" class="extiw" title="en:Fleaker"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Fleaker</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%BA%95%E7%83%A7%E7%93%B6" title="平底烧瓶">平底燒瓶</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%B2%E9%A2%88%E7%94%91" title="曲颈甑">曲頸甑</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%86%E5%BA%95%E7%83%A7%E7%93%B6" title="圆底烧瓶">圆底烧瓶</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%92%E4%BC%A6%E5%85%8B%E7%93%B6" title="舒伦克瓶">舒倫克瓶</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%B9%E9%87%8F%E7%93%B6" title="容量瓶">容量瓶</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">漏斗</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E6%B0%8F%E6%BC%8F%E6%96%97" title="布氏漏斗">布氏、赫式漏斗</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="滴液漏斗" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Dropping funnel"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BB%B4%E6%B6%B2%E6%BC%8F%E6%96%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="滴液漏斗（页面不存在）">滴液漏斗</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dropping_funnel" class="extiw" title="en:Dropping funnel"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Dropping funnel</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E6%B6%B2%E6%BC%8F%E6%96%97" title="分液漏斗">分液漏斗</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">量測器具</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BB%B4%E5%AE%9A%E7%AE%A1" title="滴定管">滴定管</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="錐形量筒" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Conical measure"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%8C%90%E5%BD%A2%E9%87%8F%E7%AD%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="錐形量筒（页面不存在）">錐形量筒</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conical_measure" class="extiw" title="en:Conical measure"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Conical measure</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%B8%E6%94%B6%E6%B1%A0" title="吸收池">分光液槽</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="量氣管" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Eudiometer"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%8F%E6%B0%A3%E7%AE%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="量氣管（页面不存在）">量氣管</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eudiometer" class="extiw" title="en:Eudiometer"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Eudiometer</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8F%E7%AD%92" title="量筒">量筒</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="黏度計" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Viscometer"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%8F%E5%BA%A6%E8%AE%A1" title="黏度计">奥士華黏度計</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viscometer" class="extiw" title="en:Viscometer"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Viscometer</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%BB%E6%B6%B2%E5%99%A8" title="移液器">移液器</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BB%B4%E7%AE%A1" title="滴管">滴管</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="玻璃管" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Glass tube"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8E%BB%E7%92%83%E7%AE%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="玻璃管（页面不存在）">玻璃管</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glass_tube" class="extiw" title="en:Glass tube"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Glass tube</span></a></span>）</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B8%E9%A8%B0%E7%AE%A1" title="沸騰管">沸騰管</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B2%E7%87%A5%E7%AE%A1" title="干燥管">乾燥管</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="克拉基管" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Cragie tube"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%8B%E6%8B%89%E5%9F%BA%E7%AE%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="克拉基管（页面不存在）">克拉基管</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cragie_tube" class="extiw" title="en:Cragie tube"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Cragie tube</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="灼熱管" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ignition tube"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%81%BC%E7%86%B1%E7%AE%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="灼熱管（页面不存在）">灼熱管</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_tube" class="extiw" title="en:Ignition tube"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ignition tube</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="核磁共振管" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="NMR tube"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%B8%E7%A3%81%E5%85%B1%E6%8C%AF%E7%AE%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="核磁共振管（页面不存在）">核磁共振管</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NMR_tube" class="extiw" title="en:NMR tube"><span lang="en" dir="auto">NMR tube</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%95%E7%AE%A1" title="试管">试管</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%94%E7%82%B9%E6%B5%8B%E5%AE%9A%E7%AE%A1" title="熔点测定管">熔點測定管</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%B7%E9%A0%B8%E6%BC%8F%E6%96%97" title="長頸漏斗">長頸漏斗</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其它</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%A7%E6%9D%AF" title="烧杯">燒杯</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="氣體注射器" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Gas syringe"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A3%E9%AB%94%E6%B3%A8%E5%B0%84%E5%99%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="氣體注射器（页面不存在）">氣體注射器</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_syringe" class="extiw" title="en:Gas syringe"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Gas syringe</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="試樣瓶" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Vial"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A9%A6%E6%A8%A3%E7%93%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="試樣瓶（页面不存在）">試樣瓶</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vial" class="extiw" title="en:Vial"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Vial</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2" style=";"><div id="分析化學儀器" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="分析化学">分析化學儀器</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">成分分析</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E5%8B%95%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E5%84%80" class="mw-redirect" title="自動分析儀">自動分析儀</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="碳氫氮元素分析儀" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="CHN analyzer"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A2%B3%E6%B0%AB%E6%B0%AE%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E5%84%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="碳氫氮元素分析儀（页面不存在）">碳氫氮元素分析儀</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CHN_analyzer" class="extiw" title="en:CHN analyzer"><span lang="en" dir="auto">CHN analyzer</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E8%89%B2%E8%A8%88" class="mw-redirect" title="比色計">比色計</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9F%E6%87%89%E8%80%A6%E5%90%88%E9%9B%BB%E6%BC%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="感應耦合電漿">感應耦合電漿儀</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%94%E7%9B%B8%E8%89%B2%E8%B0%B1%E6%B3%95" title="气相色谱法">氣相色譜儀</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E6%95%88%E6%B6%B2%E7%9B%B8%E8%89%B2%E8%B0%B1%E6%B3%95" title="高效液相色谱法">高效液相色譜儀</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%A8%E8%B0%B1%E6%B3%95" title="质谱法">質譜儀</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%85%B8%E7%A2%B1%E6%8C%87%E7%A4%BA%E5%89%82" title="酸碱指示剂">酸碱指示剂</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PH%E8%A8%88" class="mw-redirect" title="PH計">pH計</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%A1%AF%E5%BE%AE%E9%8F%A1" title="顯微鏡">顯微鏡</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%AB%E6%8F%8F%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E6%98%BE%E5%BE%AE%E9%95%9C" title="扫描电子显微镜">扫描电子显微镜</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%8F%E5%B0%84%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E6%98%BE%E5%BE%AE%E9%95%9C" title="透射电子显微镜">穿透式電子顯微鏡</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%AD%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="热化学">熱化學儀器</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%AD%E9%87%8F%E8%AE%A1" title="热量计">熱量計</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%AE%E7%A4%BA%E6%89%AB%E6%8F%8F%E9%87%8F%E7%83%AD%E6%B3%95" title="差示扫描量热法">差示掃描量熱計</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="熔點測定計" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Melting point apparatus"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%86%94%E9%BB%9E%E6%B8%AC%E5%AE%9A%E8%A8%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="熔點測定計（页面不存在）">熔點測定計</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melting_point_apparatus" class="extiw" title="en:Melting point apparatus"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Melting point apparatus</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%AB%E5%BA%A6%E8%A8%88" title="溫度計">溫度計</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E9%87%8D%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" title="熱重分析">熱重分析儀</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其它</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E5%A4%A9%E5%B9%B3" title="分析天平">分析天平</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%8C%E8%90%BD%E8%A8%88%E6%95%B8%E5%99%A8" title="菌落計數器">菌落計數器</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="螺旋接種儀" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Spiral plater"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%9E%BA%E6%97%8B%E6%8E%A5%E7%A8%AE%E5%84%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="螺旋接種儀（页面不存在）">螺旋接種儀</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spiral_plater" class="extiw" title="en:Spiral plater"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Spiral plater</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">核磁共振儀</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="盤式分析儀" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Plate reader"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9B%A4%E5%BC%8F%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E5%84%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="盤式分析儀（页面不存在）">盤式分析儀</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plate_reader" class="extiw" title="en:Plate reader"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Plate reader</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2" style=";"><div id="電子設備" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E5%AD%B8#電子設備及零件" class="mw-redirect" title="電子學">電子設備</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E6%B5%81%E8%A1%A8" title="电流表">電流表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E6%B5%81%E6%BA%90" title="电流源">電流源</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A8%8A%E8%99%9F%E7%94%A2%E7%94%9F%E5%99%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="訊號產生器">訊號產生器</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="恒電流儀" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Galvanostat"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%81%92%E9%9B%BB%E6%B5%81%E5%84%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="恒電流儀（页面不存在）">恒電流儀</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galvanostat" class="extiw" title="en:Galvanostat"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Galvanostat</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E7%94%A8%E8%A1%A8" title="多用表">萬用表</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="網路分析器" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Network analyzer (electrical)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B6%B2%E8%B7%AF%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E5%99%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="網路分析器（页面不存在）">網路分析器</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_analyzer_(electrical)" class="extiw" title="en:Network analyzer (electrical)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Network analyzer (electrical)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BA%E6%B3%A2%E5%99%A8" title="示波器">示波器</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="脈波產生器" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Pulse generator"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%84%88%E6%B3%A2%E7%94%A2%E7%94%9F%E5%99%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="脈波產生器（页面不存在）">脈波產生器</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_generator" class="extiw" title="en:Pulse generator"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Pulse generator</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="恆電位器" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Potentiostat"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%81%86%E9%9B%BB%E4%BD%8D%E5%99%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="恆電位器（页面不存在）">恆電位器</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potentiostat" class="extiw" title="en:Potentiostat"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Potentiostat</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%91%E8%B0%B1%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E4%BB%AA" title="频谱分析仪">頻譜分析儀</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="時域反射儀" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Time-domain reflectometer"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%99%82%E5%9F%9F%E5%8F%8D%E5%B0%84%E5%84%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="時域反射儀（页面不存在）">時域反射儀</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time-domain_reflectometer" class="extiw" title="en:Time-domain reflectometer"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Time-domain reflectometer</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%8E%8B%E6%BA%90" title="电压源">電壓源</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%8E%8B%E8%A1%A8" title="电压表">電壓表</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2" style=";"><div id="安全設備" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em">安全設備</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="個人護具" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Personal protective equipment"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%80%8B%E4%BA%BA%E8%AD%B7%E5%85%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="個人護具（页面不存在）">個人護具</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_protective_equipment" class="extiw" title="en:Personal protective equipment"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Personal protective equipment</span></a></span>）</span></span></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%9E%E9%AA%8C%E6%9C%8D" title="实验服">實驗服</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%A2%E7%BD%A9" title="面罩">面罩</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A3%E7%BD%A9" title="口罩">口罩</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8D%E8%A3%99" class="mw-redirect" title="圍裙">橡膠圍裙</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="緊急洗眼器和淋浴設備" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Emergency eyewash and safety shower station"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B7%8A%E6%80%A5%E6%B4%97%E7%9C%BC%E5%99%A8%E5%92%8C%E6%B7%8B%E6%B5%B4%E8%A8%AD%E5%82%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="緊急洗眼器和淋浴設備（页面不存在）">緊急淋浴器</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emergency_eyewash_and_safety_shower_station" class="extiw" title="en:Emergency eyewash and safety shower station"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Emergency eyewash and safety shower station</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">眼或手</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%8B%E5%A5%97#按用途" title="手套">耐酸手套</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%97%E7%9C%BC%E5%99%A8" title="洗眼器">緊急洗眼器</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%8B%E5%A5%97%E7%AE%B1" title="手套箱">手套箱</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%BB%E7%94%A8%E6%89%8B%E5%A5%97" title="医用手套">醫用手套</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%81%E8%85%88%E6%A9%A1%E8%83%B6" title="丁腈橡胶">丁腈手套</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%BC%E9%8F%A1" title="眼鏡">安全眼鏡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%A4%E7%9B%AE%E9%95%9C" title="护目镜">安全護目鏡</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其它</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%B6%E5%8A%91%E5%84%B2%E5%AD%98%E6%AB%83" title="溶劑儲存櫃">溶劑儲存櫃</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E6%AB%83" title="生物安全櫃">生物安全櫃</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%B2%E7%81%AB%E6%AF%AF" title="防火毯">防火毯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BB%85%E7%81%AB%E5%99%A8" title="滅火器">滅火器</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E9%A3%8E%E6%9F%9C" title="通风柜">通风柜</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="醫學實驗室儀器列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Instruments used in medical laboratories"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8%E5%AF%A6%E9%A9%97%E5%AE%A4%E5%84%80%E5%99%A8%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="醫學實驗室儀器列表（页面不存在）">醫學實驗室儀器列表</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instruments_used_in_medical_laboratories" class="extiw" title="en:Instruments used in medical laboratories"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Instruments used in medical laboratories</span></a></span>）</span></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="-&#123;zh-cn:规范控制;zh-tw:權威控制;&#125;--&#123;zh-cn:数据库;zh-tw:資料庫&#125;-_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=編輯維基數據鏈接&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209402#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;編輯維基數據鏈接" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><div 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