CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="ms" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Kuark aneh - Wikipedia Bahasa Melayu, ensiklopedia bebas</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )mswikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","Januari","Februari","Mac","April","Mei","Jun","Julai","Ogos","September","Oktober","November","Disember"],"wgRequestId":"95ce535b-3595-432f-9e14-d6e126650942","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Kuark_aneh","wgTitle":"Kuark aneh","wgCurRevisionId":5254074,"wgRevisionId":5254074,"wgArticleId":127519,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1 errors: explicit use of et al.","Templat fizik","Fizik zarah"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"ms","wgPageContentLanguage":"ms","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Kuark_aneh","wgRelevantArticleId":127519,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{ "pageLanguageCode":"ms","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"ms"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":10000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q6763","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.gadget.charinsert-styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready", "ext.imagemap.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","ext.imagemap","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.teahouse","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.watchlist-notice","ext.gadget.DRN-wizard","ext.gadget.charinsert","ext.gadget.refToolbar","ext.gadget.extra-toolbar-buttons","ext.gadget.MenuKedaiKopi","ext.gadget.mySandbox","ext.gadget.AdvancedSiteNotices","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.featured-articles-links","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups", "ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=ms&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.imagemap.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=ms&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=ms&modules=ext.gadget.charinsert-styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=ms&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.17"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Model_Piawai_Zarah_Keunsuran.svg/1200px-Model_Piawai_Zarah_Keunsuran.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1148"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Model_Piawai_Zarah_Keunsuran.svg/800px-Model_Piawai_Zarah_Keunsuran.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="765"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Model_Piawai_Zarah_Keunsuran.svg/640px-Model_Piawai_Zarah_Keunsuran.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="612"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Kuark aneh - Wikipedia Bahasa Melayu, ensiklopedia bebas"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//ms.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuark_aneh"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Sunting" href="/w/index.php?title=Kuark_aneh&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (ms)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//ms.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuark_aneh"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.ms"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Suapan Atom Wikipedia" href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Perubahan_terkini&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Kuark_aneh rootpage-Kuark_aneh skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Pergi ke kandungan</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Tapak"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Menu utama" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Menu utama" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Menu utama</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Menu utama</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pandu arah </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-Laman-Utama" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Laman_Utama"><span>Laman Utama</span></a></li><li id="n-Tinjau" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tinjau"><span>Tinjau</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Hal_semasa" title="Cari maklumat latar belakang mengenai peristiwa semasa"><span>Hal semasa</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Rawak" title="Muat laman rawak [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Rencana rawak</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Laman_khas"><span>Laman khas</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Perhubungan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-Tentang-Wikipedia" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Perihal"><span>Tentang Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Gerbang_Komuniti" title="Tentang projek, perkara yang anda dapat lakukan, tempat untuk mencari sesuatu"><span>Gerbang komuniti</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Perubahan_terkini" title="Senarai perubahan terkini dalam wiki [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Perubahan terkini</span></a></li><li id="n-Hubungi-kami" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Hubungi_kami"><span>Hubungi kami</span></a></li><li id="n-Menderma" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=ms.wikipedia.org&uselang=ms"><span>Menderma</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Contents" title="Tempat mencari jawapan"><span>Bantuan</span></a></li><li id="n-Kedai-Kopi" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kedai_Kopi"><span>Kedai Kopi</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Laman_Utama" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Ensiklopedia Bebas" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-ms.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Cari" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Cari di wiki ini [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Cari</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Cari Wikipedia" aria-label="Cari Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Cari di wiki ini [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Khas:Cari"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Cari</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Alat peribadi"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Penampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Tukar penampilan saiz, lebar dan warna fon laman" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Penampilan" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Penampilan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=ms.wikipedia.org&uselang=ms" class=""><span>Derma</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Buka_akaun&returnto=Kuark+aneh" title="Anda digalakkan untuk membuka akaun dan melog masuk; walau bagaimanapun, ianya tidak wajib" class=""><span>Buka akaun</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Log_masuk&returnto=Kuark+aneh" title="Anda digalakkan untuk melog masuk; walau bagaimanapun, ia tidak wajib. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log masuk</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Lebih pilihan" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Alat peribadi" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Alat peribadi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal" title="Menu pengguna" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=ms.wikipedia.org&uselang=ms"><span>Derma</span></a></li><li id="pt-contribute" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Contribute"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span>Sumbang</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Buka_akaun&returnto=Kuark+aneh" title="Anda digalakkan untuk membuka akaun dan melog masuk; walau bagaimanapun, ianya tidak wajib"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Buka akaun</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Log_masuk&returnto=Kuark+aneh" title="Anda digalakkan untuk melog masuk; walau bagaimanapun, ia tidak wajib. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log masuk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Laman untuk penyunting log keluar <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengenalan" aria-label="Ketahui lebih lanjut tentang menyunting"><span>Ketahui lebih lanjut</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Perbincangan_saya" title="Perbincangan mengenai penyuntingan daripada alamat IP anda [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Perbincangan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Tapak"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Kandungan" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Kandungan</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Permulaan</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Sejarah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sejarah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Sejarah</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sejarah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rujukan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rujukan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Rujukan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rujukan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Kandungan" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Isi Kandungan" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Togol isi kandungan" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Togol isi kandungan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Kuark aneh</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke rencana dalam bahasa lain. Tersedia dalam 50 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-50" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">50 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vreemdkwark" title="Vreemdkwark – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Vreemdkwark" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%83_%D8%BA%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A8" title="كوارك غريب – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كوارك غريب" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quark_estra%C3%B1u" title="Quark estrañu – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Quark estrañu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/S-%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA" title="S-кварк – Belarus" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="S-кварк" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA" title="Странен кварк – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Странен кварк" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quark_s" title="Quark s – Catalonia" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Quark s" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvark_s" title="Kvark s – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kvark s" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strange-kvark" title="Strange-kvark – Denmark" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Strange-kvark" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Denmark" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strange-Quark" title="Strange-Quark – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Strange-Quark" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/S-kvark" title="S-kvark – Estonia" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="S-kvark" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strange_quark" title="Strange quark – Inggeris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Strange quark" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggeris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuark_extra%C3%B1o" title="Cuark extraño – Sepanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cuark extraño" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Sepanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quark_arraro" title="Quark arraro – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Quark arraro" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9_%D8%B4%DA%AF%D9%81%D8%AA" title="کوارک شگفت – Parsi" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کوارک شگفت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Parsi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quark_%C3%A9trange" title="Quark étrange – Perancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Quark étrange" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Perancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EB%AC%98_%EC%BF%BC%ED%81%AC" title="기묘 쿼크 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="기묘 쿼크" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/S-%D6%84%D5%BE%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AF" title="S-քվարկ – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="S-քվարկ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95" title="विचित्र क्वार्क – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="विचित्र क्वार्क" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strani_kvark" title="Strani kvark – Croatia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Strani kvark" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quark_strange" title="Quark strange – Itali" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Quark strange" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Itali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%95%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A7_%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%96%D7%A8" title="קווארק מוזר – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קווארק מוזר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/S-%E1%83%99%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%99%E1%83%98" title="S-კვარკი – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="S-კვარკი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quarcum_mirum" title="Quarcum mirum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Quarcum mirum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/S_kvarks" title="S kvarks – Latvia" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="S kvarks" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keistasis_kvarkas" title="Keistasis kvarkas – Lithuania" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Keistasis kvarkas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strange_kvark" title="Strange kvark – Hungary" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Strange kvark" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungary" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA" title="Чуден кварк – Macedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Чуден кварк" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%AC%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B8%E3%82%AF%E3%82%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AF" title="ストレンジクォーク – Jepun" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ストレンジクォーク" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A6rkvark" title="Særkvark – Bokmal Norway" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Særkvark" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmal Norway" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quark_estrani" title="Quark estrani – Occitania" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Quark estrani" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DA%A9%DA%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7_%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9" title="وکھرا کوارک – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="وکھرا کوارک" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwark_dziwny" title="Kwark dziwny – Poland" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kwark dziwny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Poland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quark_strange" title="Quark strange – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Quark strange" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/S-%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA" title="S-кварк – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="S-кварк" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strange_quark" title="Strange quark – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Strange quark" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podivn%C3%BD_kvark" title="Podivný kvark – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Podivný kvark" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvark_s" title="Kvark s – Slovenia" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kvark s" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strani_kvark" title="Strani kvark – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Strani kvark" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strani_kvark" title="Strani kvark – SerboCroatia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Strani kvark" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="SerboCroatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outokvarkki" title="Outokvarkki – Finland" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Outokvarkki" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kakaibang_quark" title="Kakaibang quark – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kakaibang quark" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/S-kvark" title="S-kvark – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="S-kvark" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quark_l%E1%BA%A1" title="Quark lạ – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Quark lạ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garip_kuark" title="Garip kuark – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Garip kuark" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/S-%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA" title="S-кварк – Ukraine" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="S-кварк" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraine" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%AC%DB%8C%D8%A8_%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9" title="عجیب کوارک – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="عجیب کوارک" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urusahon_nga_quark" title="Urusahon nga quark – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Urusahon nga quark" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A5%87%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B" title="奇夸克 – Cina Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="奇夸克" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Cina Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A5%87%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B" title="奇夸克 – Kantonis" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="奇夸克" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A5%87%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B" title="奇夸克 – Cina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="奇夸克" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Cina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q6763#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pautan antara bahasa" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pautan</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kuark_aneh" title="Lihat laman kandungan [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Rencana</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Perbincangan:Kuark_aneh" rel="discussion" title="Perbincangan mengenai laman kandungan [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Perbincangan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tukar kelainan bahasa" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Bahasa Melayu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Rupa"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kuark_aneh"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuark_aneh&veaction=edit" title="Sunting laman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuark_aneh&action=edit" title="Sunting kod sumber untuk laman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuark_aneh&action=history" title="Semakan terdahulu bagi laman ini [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Lihat sejarah</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Alatan laman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Peralatan" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Peralatan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Peralatan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Lagi pilihan" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tindakan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kuark_aneh"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuark_aneh&veaction=edit" title="Sunting laman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuark_aneh&action=edit" title="Sunting kod sumber untuk laman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuark_aneh&action=history"><span>Lihat sejarah</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Umum </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Pautan_ke_sini/Kuark_aneh" title="Senarai semua laman wiki yang mengandungi pautan ke laman ini [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pautan ke laman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Perubahan_berkaitan/Kuark_aneh" rel="nofollow" title="Perubahan terkini bagi laman yang dipaut dari laman ini [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Perubahan berkaitan</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=ms" title="Muat naik fail [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Muat naik fail</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuark_aneh&oldid=5254074" title="Pautan kekal ke semakan laman ini"><span>Pautan kekal</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuark_aneh&action=info" title="Maklumat lanjut mengenai laman ini"><span>Maklumat laman</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Petik_laman_ini&page=Kuark_aneh&id=5254074&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Maklumat tentang cara memetik laman ini"><span>Petik laman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fms.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FKuark_aneh"><span>Dapatkan URL pendek</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fms.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FKuark_aneh"><span>Muat turun kod QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Cetak/eksport </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Buku&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Kuark+aneh"><span>Cipta buku</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:DownloadAsPdf&page=Kuark_aneh&action=show-download-screen"><span>Muat turun sebagai PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuark_aneh&printable=yes" title="Versi boleh cetak bagi laman ini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versi boleh cetak</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dalam projek lain </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q6763" title="Pautan ke item repositori data yang bersambung [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Butir Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Alatan laman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Penampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Penampilan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Daripada Wikipedia, ensiklopedia bebas.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ms" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" style="width: 20em; text-align: left; font-size: 90%" cellspacing="2"> <tbody><tr> <td style="font-size: 110%;" colspan="2"><center><i><b>Kuark aneh</b></i></center> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Komposisi:</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zarah_asas" title="Zarah asas">Zarah asas</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Kumpulan:</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kuark" title="Kuark">Kuark</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Generasi_(fizik_zarah)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Generasi (fizik zarah) (laman tidak wujud)">Generasi</a>:</b></td> <td>Kedua </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interaksi_asas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Interaksi asas (laman tidak wujud)">Interaksi</a>:</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Daya_nukleus_kuat" title="Daya nukleus kuat">Daya nukleus kuat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daya_nukleus_lemah" title="Daya nukleus lemah">Daya nukleus lemah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elektromagnet" title="Elektromagnet">elektromagnet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Graviti" title="Graviti">graviti</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Antizarah" title="Antizarah">Antizarah</a>:</b></td> <td><span class="nowrap">Antikuark aneh (<span style="white-space:nowrap"><span style="text-decoration:overline;">s</span></span>)</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Pengasas teori:</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Murray_Gell-Mann" title="Murray Gell-Mann">Murray Gell-Mann</a> (1964)<br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Zweig&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George Zweig (laman tidak wujud)">George Zweig</a> (1964) </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Ditemui:</b></td> <td>1968, <a href="/w/index.php?title=SLAC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SLAC (laman tidak wujud)">SLAC</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Simbol:</b></td> <td><span style="white-space:nowrap">s</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jisim_tak_berubah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jisim tak berubah (laman tidak wujud)">Jisim</a>:</b></td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:none" class="sortkey">7001950000000000000♠</span>95<span style="margin-left:0.3em;"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1.2em;font-size:85%;text-align:right;">+9<br />−3</span></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Electronvolt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Electronvolt (laman tidak wujud)">MeV/<i>c</i><sup>2</sup></a></span><sup id="cite_ref-PDG2018_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PDG2018-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reput_zarah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reput zarah (laman tidak wujud)">Mereput menjadi</a>:</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kuark_naik" title="Kuark naik">Kuark naik</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Cas_elektrik" title="Cas elektrik">Cas elektrik</a>:</b></td> <td>−<span class="sfrac nowrap" style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:-0.5em; font-size:85%; text-align:center;"><span style="display:block; line-height:1em; padding:0 0.1em;">1</span><span style="display:none;">/</span><span style="display:block; line-height:1em; padding:0 0.1em; border-top:1px solid;">3</span></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Elementary_charge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elementary charge (laman tidak wujud)"><i>e</i></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Cas_warna" title="Cas warna">Cas warna</a>:</b></td> <td>Ya </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Spin_(fizik)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spin (fizik)">Spin</a>:</b></td> <td><span class="sfrac nowrap" style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:-0.5em; font-size:85%; text-align:center;"><span style="display:block; line-height:1em; padding:0 0.1em;">1</span><span style="display:none;">/</span><span style="display:block; line-height:1em; padding:0 0.1em; border-top:1px solid;">2</span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isospin_lemah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isospin lemah (laman tidak wujud)">Isospin lemah</a>:</b></td> <td><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kekiralan_(fizik)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kekiralan (fizik) (laman tidak wujud)">Kiri</a>: −<span class="sfrac nowrap" style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:-0.5em; font-size:85%; text-align:center;"><span style="display:block; line-height:1em; padding:0 0.1em;">1</span><span style="display:none;">/</span><span style="display:block; line-height:1em; padding:0 0.1em; border-top:1px solid;">2</span></span>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kekiralan_(fizik)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kekiralan (fizik) (laman tidak wujud)">Kanan</a>: 0</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hipercas_lemah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hipercas lemah (laman tidak wujud)">Hipercas lemah</a>:</b></td> <td><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kekiralan_(fizik)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kekiralan (fizik) (laman tidak wujud)">Kiri</a>: <span class="sfrac nowrap" style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:-0.5em; font-size:85%; text-align:center;"><span style="display:block; line-height:1em; padding:0 0.1em;">1</span><span style="display:none;">/</span><span style="display:block; line-height:1em; padding:0 0.1em; border-top:1px solid;">3</span></span>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kekiralan_(fizik)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kekiralan (fizik) (laman tidak wujud)">Kanan</a>: −<span class="sfrac nowrap" style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:-0.5em; font-size:85%; text-align:center;"><span style="display:block; line-height:1em; padding:0 0.1em;">2</span><span style="display:none;">/</span><span style="display:block; line-height:1em; padding:0 0.1em; border-top:1px solid;">3</span></span></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6349617">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:720px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Model_Piawai" title="Model Piawai">Model Piawai</a> <a href="/wiki/Fizik_zarah" title="Fizik zarah">fizik zarah</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><figure class="noresize mw-ext-imagemap-desc-bottom-right" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Model_Piawai_Zarah_Keunsuran.svg/240px-Model_Piawai_Zarah_Keunsuran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Model_Piawai_Zarah_Keunsuran.svg/360px-Model_Piawai_Zarah_Keunsuran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Model_Piawai_Zarah_Keunsuran.svg/480px-Model_Piawai_Zarah_Keunsuran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1390" data-file-height="1330" usemap="#ImageMap_8ed4da26f8707b44" resource="/wiki/Fail:Model_Piawai_Zarah_Keunsuran.svg" /></span><map name="ImageMap_8ed4da26f8707b44"><area href="/wiki/Kuark_naik" shape="rect" coords="17,48,59,89" alt="Kuark naik" title="Kuark naik" /><area href="/wiki/Kuark_pesona" shape="rect" coords="60,48,102,89" alt="Kuark pesona" title="Kuark pesona" /><area href="/wiki/Kuark_atas" shape="rect" coords="104,48,145,89" alt="Kuark atas" title="Kuark atas" /><area href="/wiki/Gluon" shape="rect" coords="149,48,190,89" alt="Gluon" title="Gluon" /><area href="/wiki/Boson_Higgs" shape="rect" coords="194,48,235,89" alt="Boson Higgs" title="Boson Higgs" /><area href="/wiki/Kuark_turun" shape="rect" coords="17,91,59,132" alt="Kuark turun" title="Kuark turun" /><area href="/wiki/Kuark_aneh" shape="rect" coords="60,91,102,132" alt="Kuark aneh" title="Kuark aneh" /><area href="/wiki/Kuark_bawah" shape="rect" coords="104,91,145,132" alt="Kuark bawah" title="Kuark bawah" /><area href="/wiki/Foton" shape="rect" coords="149,91,190,132" alt="Foton" title="Foton" /><area href="/wiki/Elektron" shape="rect" coords="17,137,59,178" alt="Elektron" title="Elektron" /><area href="/wiki/Muon" shape="rect" coords="60,137,102,178" alt="Muon" title="Muon" /><area href="/wiki/Lepton_tau" shape="rect" coords="104,137,145,178" alt="Lepton tau" title="Lepton tau" /><area href="/wiki/Boson_W_dan_Z" shape="rect" coords="149,137,190,178" alt="Boson W dan Z" title="Boson W dan Z" /><area href="/wiki/Neutrino_elektron" shape="rect" coords="17,180,59,221" alt="Neutrino elektron" title="Neutrino elektron" /><area href="/wiki/Neutrino_muon" shape="rect" coords="60,180,102,221" alt="Neutrino muon" title="Neutrino muon" /><area href="/wiki/Neutrino_tau" shape="rect" coords="104,180,145,221" alt="Neutrino tau" title="Neutrino tau" /><area href="/wiki/Boson_W_dan_Z" shape="rect" coords="149,180,190,221" alt="Boson W dan Z" title="Boson W dan Z" /><area href="/wiki/Model_Piawai" shape="rect" coords="16,8,224,19" alt="Model Piawai" title="Model Piawai" /><area href="/wiki/Fermion" shape="rect" coords="17,24,145,38" alt="Fermion" title="Fermion" /><area href="/wiki/Boson" shape="rect" coords="149,24,235,38" alt="Boson" title="Boson" /><area href="/wiki/Kuark" shape="rect" coords="6,93,14,133" alt="Kuark" title="Kuark" /><area href="/wiki/Lepton" shape="rect" coords="6,176,12,219" alt="Lepton" title="Lepton" /><area href="/wiki/Boson_skalar" shape="rect" coords="227,92,233,172" alt="Boson skalar" title="Boson skalar" /><area href="/wiki/Boson_tolok" shape="rect" coords="196,143,202,219" alt="Boson tolok" title="Boson tolok" /><area href="/wiki/Boson_vektor" shape="rect" coords="205,165,209,219" alt="Boson vektor" title="Boson vektor" /></map><figcaption></figcaption></figure><div class="sidebar-caption"><a href="/wiki/Zarah_keunsuran" class="mw-redirect" title="Zarah keunsuran">Zarah keunsuran</a> <a href="/wiki/Model_Piawai" title="Model Piawai">Model Piawai</a></div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;">Latar Belakang</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><a href="/wiki/Fizik_zarah" title="Fizik zarah">Fizik zarah</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Model_Piawai" title="Model Piawai">Model Piawai</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Teori_medan_kuantum" title="Teori medan kuantum">Teori medan kuantum</a> <br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Teori_tolok&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teori tolok (laman tidak wujud)">Teori tolok</a> <br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pecahan_simetri_spontan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pecahan simetri spontan (laman tidak wujud)">Pecahan simetri spontan</a><br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mekanisme_Higgs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mekanisme Higgs (laman tidak wujud)">Mekanisme Higgs</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;">Komposisi</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interaksi_elektrolemah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Interaksi elektrolemah (laman tidak wujud)">Interaksi elektrolemah</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Kromodinamik_kuantum" title="Kromodinamik kuantum">Kromodinamik kuantum</a><br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Matriks_Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Matriks Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (laman tidak wujud)">Matriks CKM</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rumusan_matematik_Model_Piawai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rumusan matematik Model Piawai (laman tidak wujud)">Matematik Model Piawai</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;">Batasan</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Masalah_CP_kuat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Masalah CP kuat (laman tidak wujud)">Masalah CP kuat</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Masalah_hierarki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Masalah hierarki (laman tidak wujud)">Masalah hierarki</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ayunan_neutrino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ayunan neutrino (laman tidak wujud)">Ayunan neutrino</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fizik_melangkaui_Model_Piawai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fizik melangkaui Model Piawai (laman tidak wujud)">Fizik melangkaui Model Piawai</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;">Saintis</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford">Rutherford</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/J._J._Thomson" class="mw-redirect" title="J. J. Thomson">Thomson</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/James_Chadwick" title="James Chadwick">Chadwick</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Satyendra_Nath_Bose" title="Satyendra Nath Bose">Bose</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=E._C._George_Sudarshan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="E. C. George Sudarshan (laman tidak wujud)">Sudarshan</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Davis_Jr." title="Raymond Davis Jr.">Davis Jr.</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Carl_David_Anderson" title="Carl David Anderson">Anderson</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Enrico_Fermi" title="Enrico Fermi">Fermi</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Paul_Dirac" title="Paul Dirac">Dirac</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Richard_Feynman" title="Richard Feynman">Feynman</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Rubbia" title="Carlo Rubbia">Rubbia</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Murray_Gell-Mann" title="Murray Gell-Mann">Gell-Mann</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Henry_Way_Kendall" title="Henry Way Kendall">Kendall</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Richard_E._Taylor" title="Richard E. Taylor">Taylor</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Jerome_Isaac_Friedman" title="Jerome Isaac Friedman">Friedman</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/C._F._Powell" title="C. F. Powell">Powell</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Philip_Warren_Anderson" title="Philip Warren Anderson">P. W. Anderson</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Sheldon_Lee_Glashow" title="Sheldon Lee Glashow">Glashow</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/John_Iliopoulos" title="John Iliopoulos">Iliopoulos</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Luciano_Maiani" title="Luciano Maiani">Maiani</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Simon_van_der_Meer" title="Simon van der Meer">Meer</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Clyde_Cowan" title="Clyde Cowan">Cowan</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Yoichiro_Nambu" title="Yoichiro Nambu">Nambu</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Owen_Chamberlain" title="Owen Chamberlain">Chamberlain</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Nicola_Cabibbo" title="Nicola Cabibbo">Cabibbo</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Melvin_Schwartz" title="Melvin Schwartz">Schwartz</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Martin_Lewis_Perl" title="Martin Lewis Perl">Perl</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ettore_Majorana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ettore Majorana (laman tidak wujud)">Majorana</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Steven_Weinberg" title="Steven Weinberg">Weinberg</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Tsung-Dao_Lee" title="Tsung-Dao Lee">Lee</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/John_Clive_Ward" title="John Clive Ward">Ward</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Abdus_Salam" title="Abdus Salam">Salam</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Makoto_Kobayashi_(ahli_fizik)" title="Makoto Kobayashi (ahli fizik)">Kobayashi</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Toshihide_Maskawa" title="Toshihide Maskawa">Maskawa</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Yang_Chen-Ning" title="Yang Chen-Ning">Yang</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Hideki_Yukawa" title="Hideki Yukawa">Yukawa</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Gerard_%27t_Hooft" title="Gerard 't Hooft">'t Hooft</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Martinus_J._G._Veltman" title="Martinus J. G. Veltman">Veltman</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/David_Gross" title="David Gross">Gross</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Hugh_David_Politzer" title="Hugh David Politzer">Politzer</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Frank_Wilczek" title="Frank Wilczek">Wilczek</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/James_Cronin" title="James Cronin">Cronin</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Val_Logsdon_Fitch" title="Val Logsdon Fitch">Fitch</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/John_Hasbrouck_Van_Vleck" title="John Hasbrouck Van Vleck">Vleck</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Peter_Higgs" title="Peter Higgs">Higgs</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Englert" title="François Englert">Englert</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Brout" title="Robert Brout">Brout</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=C._R._Hagen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="C. R. Hagen (laman tidak wujud)">Hagen</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerald_Guralnik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gerald Guralnik (laman tidak wujud)">Guralnik</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Tom_Kibble" title="Tom Kibble">Kibble</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Santiago_Ant%C3%BAnez_de_Mayolo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Santiago Antúnez de Mayolo (laman tidak wujud)">Santiago Antúnez de Mayolo</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%A9sar_Lattes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="César Lattes (laman tidak wujud)">César Lattes</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6453376">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Model_piawai_fizik_zarah" title="Templat:Model piawai fizik zarah"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bincang"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perbincangan_templat:Model_piawai_fizik_zarah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perbincangan templat:Model piawai fizik zarah (laman tidak wujud)"><abbr title="Bincang templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Model_piawai_fizik_zarah&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Kuark aneh</b>, ditandai <i>s</i>, perisa kuark yang ketiga teringan selepas <a href="/wiki/Kuark_naik" title="Kuark naik">kuark naik</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Kuark_turun" title="Kuark turun">kuark turun</a>. Ber<a href="/wiki/Cas_elektrik" title="Cas elektrik">cas elektrik</a> -1/3 <i>e</i>, dan seperti kuark-kuark lain, mempunyai <a href="/wiki/Cas_warna" title="Cas warna">cas warna</a> merah, biru atau hijau. </p><p>Nombor kuantum <b>keanehan</b> dikaitkan dengan kuark ini (<i>s</i> diberi keanehan <i>S</i>=-1). Oleh kerana kuark ini mereput kepada kuark naik menerusi <a href="/wiki/Salingtindak_lemah" class="mw-redirect" title="Salingtindak lemah">salingtindak lemah</a>, keanehan hanya diabadikan dalam <a href="/wiki/Salingtindak_kuat" class="mw-redirect" title="Salingtindak kuat">salingtindak kuat</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Keelektromagnetan" title="Keelektromagnetan">keelektromagnetan</a> (dan <a href="/wiki/Graviti" title="Graviti">graviti</a>). </p><p><a href="/wiki/Antizarah" title="Antizarah">Antizarah</a> bagi kuark aneh ialah antikuark dengan perisa antianeh, bercas elektrik +1/3 <i>e</i> (dan dengan antiwarna antimerah, antibiru atau antihijau). </p><p>Keanehan ini mula diperkonsepkan apabila pemerhatian-pemerhatian <a href="/wiki/Sinar_kosmos" title="Sinar kosmos">sinar kosmos</a> yang menunjukkan zarah-zarah yang dihasilkan menerusi salingtindak kuat, tetapi mereput menerusi salingtindak lemah, seperti <i>K</i><sup>0</sup> dan <i>Λ</i><sup>0</sup>, yang dikatakan aneh. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sejarah">Sejarah</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuark_aneh&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bahagian: Sejarah" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuark_aneh&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Sejarah"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pada peringkat awal pengembangan <a href="/wiki/Fizik_zarah" title="Fizik zarah">fizik zarah</a> (separuh pertama <a href="/wiki/Abad_ke-20" title="Abad ke-20">abad ke-20</a>), <a href="/wiki/Hadron" title="Hadron">hadron</a> seperti <a href="/wiki/Proton" title="Proton">proton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">neutron</a>, dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pion (laman tidak wujud)">pion</a> dianggap sebagai <a href="/wiki/Zarah_asas" title="Zarah asas">zarah asas</a>. Bagaimanapun, hadron-hadron yang baharu kemudian ditemui, dengan '<a href="/w/index.php?title=Zoo_zarah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zoo zarah (laman tidak wujud)">zoo zarah</a>' berkembang daripada hanya beberapa zarah pada awal <a href="/wiki/1930-an" title="1930-an">1930-an</a> dan <a href="/wiki/1940-an" title="1940-an">1940-an</a> menjadi berpuluh-puluh zarah menjelang <a href="/wiki/1950-an" title="1950-an">1950-an</a>. Sungguhpun demikian, sesetengah zarah dapat kekal dengan lebih lama, berbanding dengan yang lain. Kebanyakan zarah mereput menerusi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Interaksi_kuat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Interaksi kuat (laman tidak wujud)">interaksi kuat</a> dan memiliki <a href="/w/index.php?title=Masa_hayat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Masa hayat (laman tidak wujud)">masa hayat</a> sekitar 10<sup>−23 saat. Akan tetapi apabila ia mereput menerusi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Interaksi_lemah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Interaksi lemah (laman tidak wujud)">interaksi lemah</a>, ia memiliki masa hayat sekitar 10<sup>−10 saat, iaitu 10,000,000 juta kali lebih singkat. </sup></sup></p><p>Semasa mengkaji pereputan itu, <a href="/wiki/Murray_Gell-Mann" title="Murray Gell-Mann">Murray Gell-Mann</a> (pada <a href="/wiki/1953" title="1953">1953</a>) <sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazuhiko_Nishijima&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kazuhiko Nishijima (laman tidak wujud)">Kazuhiko Nishijima</a> (pada <a href="/wiki/1955" title="1955">1955</a>) <sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> mengembangkan konsep <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keanehan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Keanehan (laman tidak wujud)">keanehan</a></i> (digelar <i>eta-cas</i> oleh Nishijima, sempena nama <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eta_meson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eta meson (laman tidak wujud)">eta meson</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap">η</span>)) untuk menjelaskan 'keanehan' zarah yang dapat kekal lebih lama. Justera, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Formula_Gell-Mann%E2%80%93Nishijima&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Formula Gell-Mann–Nishijima (laman tidak wujud)">formula Gell-Mann–Nishijima</a> ialah hasil daripada usaha mereka untuk memahami pereputan aneh itu. Namun, hubungan antara setiap zarah dan asas fizikal di sebalik sifat keanehannya masih tidak dapat dijelaskan. </p><p>Pada <a href="/wiki/1961" title="1961">1961</a>, Gell-Mann <sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dan Yuval Ne'eman <sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (secara berasingan) mencadangkan skim pengelasan hadron yang dikenali sebagai <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cara_Lapan_Kali_Ganda_(fizik)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cara Lapan Kali Ganda (fizik) (laman tidak wujud)">Cara Lapan Kali Ganda</a>, atau dalam istilah yang lebih teknikal, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Simetri_rasa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Simetri rasa (laman tidak wujud)">simetri rasa</a> <a href="/wiki/SU(3)" class="mw-redirect" title="SU(3)">SU(3)</a>. Skim ini menyusun hadron mengikut <a href="/wiki/Isospin" title="Isospin">multiplet isospin</a>. Walau bagaimanapun, asas fizikal di sebalik kedua-dua isospin dan keanehan hanya dapat dijelasan pada <a href="/wiki/1964" title="1964">1964</a>, apabila Gell-Mann <sup id="cite_ref-Gell-Man1964_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gell-Man1964-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dan George Zweig <sup id="cite_ref-Zweig1964a_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zweig1964a-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Zweig1964b_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zweig1964b-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (sekali lagi secara berasingan) mengusulkan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Model_quark&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Model quark (laman tidak wujud)">model quark</a> yang ketika itu hanya terdiri daripada: <sup id="cite_ref-Carithers_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carithers-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>kuark atas;</li> <li>kuark bawah; dan</li> <li>kuark aneh.</li></ul> <p>Kuark atas dan kuark bawah merupakan pembawa isospin, sementara kuark aneh merupakan pembawa keanehan. Sedangkan model quark dapat menjelaskan Cara Lapan Kali Ganda, tidak terdapatnya sebarang bukti langsung tentang kewujudan kuark sehingga ditemui oleh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanford_Linear_Accelerator_Center&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (laman tidak wujud)">Stanford Linear Accelerator Center</a> pada <a href="/wiki/1968" title="1968">1968</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bloom_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bloom-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Breidenbach_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Breidenbach-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Uji kaji <a href="/w/index.php?title=Serakan_tak_anjal_mendalam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serakan tak anjal mendalam (laman tidak wujud)">serakan tak anjal mendalam</a> menunjukkan bahawa proton memiliki substruktur, dengan proton yang terdiri daripada tiga zarah lebih-asas menjelaskan data itu. Justera, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Model_kuark&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Model kuark (laman tidak wujud)">model kuark</a> disahkan.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Walaupun demikian, lingkungan pakar mula-mulanya enggan mengenal pasti ketiga-tiga zarah itu sebagai kuark tetapi lebih mengutamakan pemerian <a href="/w/index.php?title=Parton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parton (laman tidak wujud)">parton</a> yang dikemukakan oleh <a href="/wiki/Richard_Feynman" title="Richard Feynman">Richard Feynman</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Griffiths_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Griffiths-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sungguhpun demikian, teori kuark akhirnya diterima dengan berlangsungnya masa (lihat <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Revolusi_November_(fizik)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Revolusi November (fizik) (laman tidak wujud)">Revolusi November</a></i>).<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rujukan">Rujukan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuark_aneh&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bahagian: Rujukan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuark_aneh&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Rujukan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6415981">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-PDG2018-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PDG2018_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6405196">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFM._Tanabashi_et_al._(Particle_Data_Group)2018" class="citation journal cs1">M. Tanabashi et al. (Particle Data Group) (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pdglive.lbl.gov/DataBlock.action?node=Q123SM">"Review of Particle Physics"</a>. <i>Physical Review D</i>. <b>98</b> (3): 1–708. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018PhRvD..98c0001T">2018PhRvD..98c0001T</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Boleh diakses dengan percuma"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRevD.98.030001">10.1103/PhysRevD.98.030001</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10020536">10020536</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physical+Review+D&rft.atitle=Review+of+Particle+Physics&rft.volume=98&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=1-708&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F10020536&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1103%2FPhysRevD.98.030001&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2018PhRvD..98c0001T&rft.au=M.+Tanabashi+et+al.+%28Particle+Data+Group%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpdglive.lbl.gov%2FDataBlock.action%3Fnode%3DQ123SM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AKuark+aneh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196"><cite id="CITEREFM._Gell-Mann1953" class="citation journal cs1">M. Gell-Mann (1953). "Isotopic Spin and New Unstable Particles". <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Physical_Review&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Physical Review (laman tidak wujud)">Physical Review</a></i>. <b>92</b>: 833. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRev.92.833">10.1103/PhysRev.92.833</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physical+Review&rft.atitle=Isotopic+Spin+and+New+Unstable+Particles&rft.volume=92&rft.pages=833&rft.date=1953&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1103%2FPhysRev.92.833&rft.au=M.+Gell-Mann&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AKuark+aneh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196"><cite id="CITEREFG._Johnson2000" class="citation book cs1">G. Johnson (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.ca/books?id=iY0buZJ3kRAC&pg=PA119&lpg=PA119&dq=Isotopic+Spin+and+New+Unstable+Particles&source=bl&ots=FYwMxH6cHR&sig=Vr0d5P0dB-FHV802ykAdL36-YeI&hl=en&ei=g7DfSpmYJZXX8Abwj_lh&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CCEQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=Isotopic%20Spin%20and%20New%20Unstable%20Particles&f=false"><i>Strange Beauty: Murray Gell-Mann and the Revolution in Twentieth-Century Physics</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Random_House" title="Random House">Random House</a>. m/s. 119. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/0-679-437649" title="Khas:Sumber buku/0-679-437649"><bdi>0-679-437649</bdi></a>. <q>By the end of the summer... [Gell-Mann] completed his first paper, "Isotopic Spin and Curious Particles" and send it of to <i>Physical Review</i>. The editors hated the title, so he ammended it to "Strange Particles". They wouldn't go for that either—never mind that almost everybody used the term—suggesting insteand "Isotopic Spin and New Unstable Particles".</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Strange+Beauty%3A+Murray+Gell-Mann+and+the+Revolution+in+Twentieth-Century+Physics&rft.pages=119&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-679-437649&rft.au=G.+Johnson&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.ca%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DiY0buZJ3kRAC%26pg%3DPA119%26lpg%3DPA119%26dq%3DIsotopic%2BSpin%2Band%2BNew%2BUnstable%2BParticles%26source%3Dbl%26ots%3DFYwMxH6cHR%26sig%3DVr0d5P0dB-FHV802ykAdL36-YeI%26hl%3Den%26ei%3Dg7DfSpmYJZXX8Abwj_lh%26sa%3DX%26oi%3Dbook_result%26ct%3Dresult%26resnum%3D5%26ved%3D0CCEQ6AEwBA%23v%3Donepage%26q%3DIsotopic%2520Spin%2520and%2520New%2520Unstable%2520Particles%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AKuark+aneh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196"><cite id="CITEREFK._Nishijima1995" class="citation journal cs1">K. Nishijima (1995). "Charge Independence Theory of V Particles". <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Progress_of_Theoretical_Physics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Progress of Theoretical Physics (laman tidak wujud)">Progress of Theoretical Physics</a></i>. <b>13</b>: 285. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1143%2FPTP.13.285">10.1143/PTP.13.285</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Progress+of+Theoretical+Physics&rft.atitle=Charge+Independence+Theory+of+V+Particles&rft.volume=13&rft.pages=285&rft.date=1995&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1143%2FPTP.13.285&rft.au=K.+Nishijima&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AKuark+aneh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196"><cite id="CITEREFM._Gell-Mann2000" class="citation book cs1">M. Gell-Mann (2000) [1964]. "The Eightfold Way: A theory of strong interaction symmetry". Dalam M. Gell-Manm, Y. Ne'emann (penyunting). <i>The Eightfold Way</i>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Westview_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Westview Press (laman tidak wujud)">Westview Press</a>. m/s. 11. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/0-7382-0299-1" title="Khas:Sumber buku/0-7382-0299-1"><bdi>0-7382-0299-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Eightfold+Way%3A+A+theory+of+strong+interaction+symmetry&rft.btitle=The+Eightfold+Way&rft.pages=11&rft.pub=Westview+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-7382-0299-1&rft.au=M.+Gell-Mann&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AKuark+aneh" class="Z3988"></span><br /> Original: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196"><cite id="CITEREFM._Gell-Mann1961" class="citation cs2">M. Gell-Mann (1961), "The Eightfold Way: A theory of strong interaction symmetry", <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Synchroton_Laboratory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Synchroton Laboratory (laman tidak wujud)">Synchroton Laboratory</a> Report CTSL-20</i>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=California_Institute_of_Technology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="California Institute of Technology (laman tidak wujud)">California Institute of Technology</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Synchroton+Laboratory+Report+CTSL-20&rft.atitle=The+Eightfold+Way%3A+A+theory+of+strong+interaction+symmetry&rft.date=1961&rft.au=M.+Gell-Mann&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AKuark+aneh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196"><cite id="CITEREFY._Ne'emann2000" class="citation book cs1">Y. Ne'emann (2000) [1964]. "Derivation of strong interactions from gauge invariance". Dalam M. Gell-Manm, Y. Ne'emann (penyunting). <i>The Eightfold Way</i>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Westview_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Westview Press (laman tidak wujud)">Westview Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/0-7382-0299-1" title="Khas:Sumber buku/0-7382-0299-1"><bdi>0-7382-0299-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Derivation+of+strong+interactions+from+gauge+invariance&rft.btitle=The+Eightfold+Way&rft.pub=Westview+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-7382-0299-1&rft.au=Y.+Ne%27emann&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AKuark+aneh" class="Z3988"></span><br />Original <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196"><cite id="CITEREFY._Ne'emann1961" class="citation journal cs1">Y. Ne'emann (1961). "Derivation of strong interactions from gauge invariance". <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuclear_Physics_(journal)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nuclear Physics (journal) (laman tidak wujud)">Nuclear Physics</a></i>. <b>26</b>: 222. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0029-5582%2861%2990134-1">10.1016/0029-5582(61)90134-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nuclear+Physics&rft.atitle=Derivation+of+strong+interactions+from+gauge+invariance&rft.volume=26&rft.pages=222&rft.date=1961&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0029-5582%2861%2990134-1&rft.au=Y.+Ne%27emann&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AKuark+aneh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gell-Man1964-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gell-Man1964_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196"><cite id="CITEREFM._Gell-Mann1964" class="citation journal cs1">M. Gell-Mann (1964). "A Schematic Model of Baryons and Mesons". <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Physics_Letters&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Physics Letters (laman tidak wujud)">Physics Letters</a></i>. <b>8</b> (3): 214–215. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0031-9163%2864%2992001-3">10.1016/S0031-9163(64)92001-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physics+Letters&rft.atitle=A+Schematic+Model+of+Baryons+and+Mesons&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=214-215&rft.date=1964&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0031-9163%2864%2992001-3&rft.au=M.+Gell-Mann&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AKuark+aneh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zweig1964a-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Zweig1964a_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196"><cite id="CITEREFG._Zweig1964" class="citation journal cs1">G. Zweig (1964). "An SU(3) Model for Strong Interaction Symmetry and its Breaking". <i>CERN Report No.8181/Th 8419</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CERN+Report+No.8181%2FTh+8419&rft.atitle=An+SU%283%29+Model+for+Strong+Interaction+Symmetry+and+its+Breaking&rft.date=1964&rft.au=G.+Zweig&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AKuark+aneh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zweig1964b-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Zweig1964b_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196"><cite id="CITEREFG._Zweig1964" class="citation journal cs1">G. Zweig (1964). "An SU(3) Model for Strong Interaction Symmetry and its Breaking: II". <i>CERN Report No.8419/Th 8412</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CERN+Report+No.8419%2FTh+8412&rft.atitle=An+SU%283%29+Model+for+Strong+Interaction+Symmetry+and+its+Breaking%3A+II&rft.date=1964&rft.au=G.+Zweig&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AKuark+aneh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Carithers-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Carithers_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196"><cite id="CITEREFB._Carithers,_P._Grannis1995" class="citation journal cs1">B. Carithers, P. Grannis (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.slac.stanford.edu/pubs/beamline/25/3/25-3-carithers.pdf">"Discovery of the Top Quark"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beam_Line_(journal)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beam Line (journal) (laman tidak wujud)">Beam Line</a></i>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=SLAC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SLAC (laman tidak wujud)">SLAC</a>. <b>25</b> (3): 4–16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">2008-09-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Beam+Line&rft.atitle=Discovery+of+the+Top+Quark&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=4-16&rft.date=1995&rft.au=B.+Carithers%2C+P.+Grannis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.slac.stanford.edu%2Fpubs%2Fbeamline%2F25%2F3%2F25-3-carithers.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AKuark+aneh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bloom-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bloom_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196"><cite id="CITEREFE._D._Bloom1969" class="citation journal cs1">E. D. Bloom (1969). "High-Energy Inelastic <i>e</i>–<i>p</i> Scattering at 6° and 10°". <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Physical_Review_Letters&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Physical Review Letters (laman tidak wujud)">Physical Review Letters</a></i>. <b>23</b> (16): 930–934. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.23.930">10.1103/PhysRevLett.23.930</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physical+Review+Letters&rft.atitle=High-Energy+Inelastic+e%E2%80%93p+Scattering+at+6%C2%B0+and+10%C2%B0&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=16&rft.pages=930-934&rft.date=1969&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.23.930&rft.au=E.+D.+Bloom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AKuark+aneh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Breidenbach-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Breidenbach_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196"><cite id="CITEREFM._Breidenbach1969" class="citation journal cs1">M. Breidenbach (1969). "Observed Behavior of Highly Inelastic Electron–Proton Scattering". <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Physical_Review_Letters&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Physical Review Letters (laman tidak wujud)">Physical Review Letters</a></i>. <b>23</b> (16): 935–939. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.23.935">10.1103/PhysRevLett.23.935</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physical+Review+Letters&rft.atitle=Observed+Behavior+of+Highly+Inelastic+Electron%E2%80%93Proton+Scattering&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=16&rft.pages=935-939&rft.date=1969&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.23.935&rft.au=M.+Breidenbach&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AKuark+aneh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196"><cite id="CITEREFJ._I._Friedman" class="citation web cs1">J. I. Friedman. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081225093044/http://www.hueuni.edu.vn/hueuni/en/news_detail.php?NewsID=1606&PHPSESSID=909807ffc5b9c0288cc8d137ff063c72">"The Road to the Nobel Prize"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hue_University&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hue University (laman tidak wujud)">Hue University</a>. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hueuni.edu.vn/hueuni/en/news_detail.php?NewsID=1606&PHPSESSID=909807ffc5b9c0288cc8d137ff063c72">yang asal</a> pada 2008-12-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">2008-09-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Road+to+the+Nobel+Prize&rft.pub=Hue+University&rft.au=J.+I.+Friedman&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hueuni.edu.vn%2Fhueuni%2Fen%2Fnews_detail.php%3FNewsID%3D1606%26PHPSESSID%3D909807ffc5b9c0288cc8d137ff063c72&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AKuark+aneh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196"><cite id="CITEREFR._P._Feynman1969" class="citation journal cs1">R. P. Feynman (1969). "Very High-Energy Collisions of Hadrons". <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Physical_Review_Letters&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Physical Review Letters (laman tidak wujud)">Physical Review Letters</a></i>. <b>23</b> (24): 1415–1417. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.23.1415">10.1103/PhysRevLett.23.1415</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physical+Review+Letters&rft.atitle=Very+High-Energy+Collisions+of+Hadrons&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=24&rft.pages=1415-1417&rft.date=1969&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.23.1415&rft.au=R.+P.+Feynman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AKuark+aneh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196"><cite id="CITEREFS._Kretzer2004" class="citation journal cs1">S. Kretzer; dll. (2004). "CTEQ6 Parton Distributions with Heavy Quark Mass Effects". <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Physical_Review_D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Physical Review D (laman tidak wujud)">Physical Review D</a></i>. <b>69</b> (11): 114005. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRevD.69.114005">10.1103/PhysRevD.69.114005</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Templat:ArXiv&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Templat:ArXiv (laman tidak wujud)">Templat:ArXiv</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physical+Review+D&rft.atitle=CTEQ6+Parton+Distributions+with+Heavy+Quark+Mass+Effects&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=114005&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1103%2FPhysRevD.69.114005&rft.au=S.+Kretzer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AKuark+aneh" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error error citation-comment"><span class="cs1-visible-error error citation-comment">Explicit use of et al. in: <code class="cs1-code">|author=</code> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#explicit_et_al" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">bantuan</a>)</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Griffiths-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Griffiths_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196"><cite id="CITEREFD._J._Griffiths1987" class="citation book cs1">D. J. Griffiths (1987). <i>Introduction to Elementary Particles</i>. <a href="/wiki/John_Wiley_%26_Sons" title="John Wiley & Sons">John Wiley & Sons</a>. m/s. 42. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/0-471-60386-4" title="Khas:Sumber buku/0-471-60386-4"><bdi>0-471-60386-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Introduction+to+Elementary+Particles&rft.pages=42&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=0-471-60386-4&rft.au=D.+J.+Griffiths&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AKuark+aneh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196"><cite id="CITEREFM._E._Peskin,_D._V._Schroeder1995" class="citation book cs1">M. E. Peskin, D. V. Schroeder (1995). <i>An introduction to quantum field theory</i>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Addison-Wesley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Addison-Wesley (laman tidak wujud)">Addison-Wesley</a>. m/s. 556. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/0-201-50397-2" title="Khas:Sumber buku/0-201-50397-2"><bdi>0-201-50397-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+introduction+to+quantum+field+theory&rft.pages=556&rft.pub=Addison-Wesley&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=0-201-50397-2&rft.au=M.+E.+Peskin%2C+D.+V.+Schroeder&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AKuark+aneh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <p><br /><br /> </p> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Zarah_dalam_fizik_-_zarah_asas" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6453376"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Zarah" title="Templat:Zarah"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bincang"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perbincangan_templat:Zarah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perbincangan templat:Zarah (laman tidak wujud)"><abbr title="Bincang templat ini" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Zarah&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Zarah_dalam_fizik_-_zarah_asas" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Senarai_zarah" title="Senarai zarah">Zarah</a> dalam <a href="/wiki/Fizik" title="Fizik">fizik</a> - <a href="/wiki/Zarah_asas" title="Zarah asas">zarah asas</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fermion" title="Fermion">Fermion</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Kuark" title="Kuark">Kuark</a>: <small><a href="/wiki/Kuark_turun" title="Kuark turun">Turun</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kuark_naik" title="Kuark naik">Naik</a> • <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Aneh</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kuark_pesona" title="Kuark pesona">Pesona</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kuark_bawah" title="Kuark bawah">Bawah</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kuark_atas" title="Kuark atas">Atas</a></small><br /> <a href="/wiki/Lepton" title="Lepton">Lepton</a>: <small><a href="/wiki/Elektron" title="Elektron">Elektron</a> • <a href="/wiki/Muon" title="Muon">Muon</a> • <a href="/wiki/Lepton_Tau" class="mw-redirect" title="Lepton Tau">Tau</a> • <a href="/wiki/Neutrino" title="Neutrino">Neutrino</a> </small></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Boson_tolok" title="Boson tolok">Boson tolok</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Foton" title="Foton">Foton</a> • <a href="/wiki/Boson_W_dan_Z" title="Boson W dan Z">Boson W dan Z</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gluon" title="Gluon">Gluon</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Boson_skalar" title="Boson skalar">Boson skalar</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Boson_Higgs" title="Boson Higgs">Boson Higgs</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Masih belum dicerap</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Graviton" title="Graviton">Graviton</a> • <a href="/wiki/Senarai_zarah#Zarah_hipotesis" title="Senarai zarah">Zarah-zarah hipotesis yang lain</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Diambil daripada "<a dir="ltr" href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kuark_aneh&oldid=5254074">https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kuark_aneh&oldid=5254074</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Kategori" title="Khas:Kategori">Kategori</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Templat_fizik" title="Kategori:Templat fizik">Templat fizik</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Fizik_zarah" title="Kategori:Fizik zarah">Fizik zarah</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Kategori tersembunyi: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_errors:_explicit_use_of_et_al." title="Kategori:CS1 errors: explicit use of et al.">CS1 errors: explicit use of et al.</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Laman ini kali terakhir disunting pada 09:11, 29 Ogos 2021.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Teks disediakan di bawah <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.ms">Lesen Creative Commons Pengiktirafan/Perkongsian Serupa</a>; terma tambahan mungkin digunapakai. Lihat <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">Terma Penggunaan</a> untuk butiran lanjut.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Dasar privasi</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Perihal">Perihal Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Penafian_umum">Penafian</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Kod Tatakelakuan</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Pembangun</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/ms.wikipedia.org">Statistik</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Kenyataan kuki</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//ms.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kuark_aneh&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Paparan mudah alih</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Cari</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Cari Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Khas:Cari"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Cari</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Kandungan" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Togol isi kandungan" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Togol isi kandungan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">Kuark aneh</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>50 bahasa</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Tambah topik</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-698c79758b-6stmv","wgBackendResponseTime":154,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.304","walltime":"0.372","ppvisitednodes":{"value":1941,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":72149,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":6517,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":16,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":69575,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 315.633 1 -total"," 52.29% 165.055 1 Templat:Reflist"," 35.21% 111.132 12 Templat:Cite_journal"," 23.99% 75.722 1 Templat:Model_piawai_fizik_zarah"," 23.42% 73.912 1 Templat:Sidebar_with_collapsible_lists"," 18.53% 58.480 1 Templat:Infobox_Particle"," 12.59% 39.749 1 Templat:Val"," 6.17% 19.479 5 Templat:Cite_book"," 3.80% 12.003 3 Templat:SubatomicParticle"," 3.42% 10.784 3 Templat:Nowrap"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.170","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":6120859,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-int.codfw.main-794cbc8768-v2jqt","timestamp":"20250213161150","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Kuark aneh","url":"https:\/\/ms.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kuark_aneh","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q6763","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q6763","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Yayasan Wikimedia Bhd.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2008-12-02T14:03:27Z","dateModified":"2021-08-29T09:11:14Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/5\/5f\/Model_Piawai_Zarah_Keunsuran.svg"}</script> </body> </html>