Americas | Country Page | World | Human Rights Watch

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data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/americas/bolivia">Bolivia</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/americas/brazil">Brazil</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/americas/canada">Canada</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/americas/chile">Chile</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/americas/colombia">Colombia</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/americas/costa-rica">Costa Rica</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/americas/cuba">Cuba</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/americas/dominican-republic">Dominican Republic</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/americas/ecuador">Ecuador</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/americas/el-salvador">El Salvador</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/americas/guatemala">Guatemala</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/americas/haiti">Haiti</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/americas/honduras">Honduras</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/americas/jamaica">Jamaica</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/americas/mexico">Mexico</a> </div> <div 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aria-controls="taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9452" aria-label="Click to expand Asia" data-label-expand="Click to expand Asia" data-label-close="Click to close Asia" data-component-id="hrw_components:button" class="hrw-button mobile_menu_item__button" > Asia <svg width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M12 16.4501L4 10.2508L6.31511 7.5498L12 11.8713L17.6334 7.5498L20 10.2508L12 16.4501Z" fill="#0071CE"/> </svg> </button> <div class="mobile_menu_submenu" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree" id="taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9452"> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/asia">All Asia</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/asia/afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/asia/australia">Australia</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/asia/bangladesh">Bangladesh</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/asia/bhutan">Bhutan</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/asia/brunei">Brunei</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/asia/cambodia">Cambodia</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/asia/china-and-tibet">China and Tibet</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/asia/fiji">Fiji</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/asia/india">India</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" 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mobile_menu_item__button" > Europe/Central Asia <svg width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M12 16.4501L4 10.2508L6.31511 7.5498L12 11.8713L17.6334 7.5498L20 10.2508L12 16.4501Z" fill="#0071CE"/> </svg> </button> <div class="mobile_menu_submenu" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree" id="taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9453"> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/europe/central-asia">All Europe/Central Asia</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/europe/central-asia/albania">Albania</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/europe/central-asia/armenia">Armenia</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/europe/central-asia/azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a> 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href="/europe/central-asia/denmark">Denmark</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/europe/central-asia/european-union">European Union</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/europe/central-asia/france">France</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/europe/central-asia/georgia">Georgia</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/europe/central-asia/germany">Germany</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/europe/central-asia/greece">Greece</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/europe/central-asia/holy-see">Holy See</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/europe/central-asia/hungary">Hungary</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/europe/central-asia/ireland">Ireland</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/europe/central-asia/italy">Italy</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/europe/central-asia/kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/europe/central-asia/kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/europe/central-asia/latvia">Latvia</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/europe/central-asia/lithuania">Lithuania</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/europa-und-zentralasien/netherlands">Netherlands</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/europe/central-asia/norway">Norway</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/europe/central-asia/poland">Poland</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/europe/central-asia/portugal">Portugal</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/europe/central-asia/romania">Romania</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/europe/central-asia/russia">Russia</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/europe/central-asia/serbia/kosovo">Serbia/Kosovo</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" 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class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/europe/central-asia/united-kingdom">United Kingdom</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/europe/central-asia/uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree" id="taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9453"> <button type="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="taxonomy_menu.menu_link:taxonomy_menu.menu_link.region.9455" aria-label="Click to expand Middle East/North Africa" data-label-expand="Click to expand Middle East/North Africa" data-label-close="Click to close Middle East/North Africa" data-component-id="hrw_components:button" class="hrw-button mobile_menu_item__button" > Middle East/North Africa <svg width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M12 16.4501L4 10.2508L6.31511 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data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/middle-east/north-africa/morocco/western-sahara">Morocco/Western Sahara</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/middle-east/n-africa/oman">Oman</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/middle-east/north-africa/qatar">Qatar</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/middle-east/north-africa/saudi-arabia">Saudi Arabia</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/middle-east/n-africa/syria">Syria</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a href="/middle-east/north-africa/tunisia">Tunisia</a> </div> <div class="mobile_menu_item" data-component-id="hrw_components:mobile_menu_tree"> <a 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of the State of Mexico on November 25, 2024, to decriminalize abortion in all cases during the first 12 weeks of pregnancy is a significant step forward for reproductive rights in the country’s most populous state.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="billboard-country__image lg:w-2/5 flex mx-auto md:flex-row bg-gray-200"> <div class="lg:block h-full w-full flex justify-center items-start md:items-stretch"> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/country/public/media_2020/05/thumbnail_hrw_Americas_0_worldserve-map_0_800x600.JPG?h=827069f2&itok=NFmYynwl" alt="map of Americas" loading="lazy" class="billboard-country__image-inner md:object-cover" width="800" height="600" /> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mb-16"> <div class="content-cards-block"> <div class="container-large max-w-lg mx-auto "> <div class="container-full max-w-full bg-gray-900"> <div class="container-small mx-auto px-6 lg:px-8 x2l:px-4"> <ul class="grid-3-up-content py-6 max-w-sm mx-auto flex flex-wrap justify-between"> <li class="grid-item"> <div class="card flex-col"> <span class="card__location font-sans uppercase text-xs mb-3">Children and Armed Conflict</span> <figure class="card__image relative overflow-hidden mb-6 aspect-w-16 aspect-h-9"> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/16x9_large/public/media_2024/11/202411ame_colombia_JEP.jpg?h=9eec0fef&itok=hg__wLfQ" alt="Relatives of victims of extrajudicial executions and magistrates are pictured during a hearing of the Special Jurisdiction for Peace (JEP) in Cali, Colombia on June 5, 2023." loading="lazy" class="card__image unloaded w-auto" width="400" height="225" /> <a href="/news/2024/11/20/colombia-charges-former-farc-leaders-child-recruitment" class="card__image-link hrw-fill" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> </figure> <div class="card__content"> <div class="card__dateline flex flex-row items-baseline"> <p class="card__dateline-date flex font-sans text-xs">November 20, 2024</p> <span class="card__dateline-type pl-1 font-serif text-sm separator-bar">Dispatches</span> </div> <a href="/news/2024/11/20/colombia-charges-former-farc-leaders-child-recruitment" class="card__title text-lg font-medium leading-none hover:underline font-sans text-blue-700 hover:text-blue-800 "><span>Colombia Charges Former FARC Leaders with Child Recruitment</span> </a> <div class="byline__container mt-3 flex flex-wrap text-gray-800 flex-col"> <div class="byline__content flex flex-row ml-1 mr-0 mb-1 mt-4"> <div class="byline__img flex h-16 w-16 min-w-16 mr-4 ml-0"> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/square_bw/public/multimedia_images_2019/201911lgbt_cristian_gonzalez_cabrera.jpg?itok=-4ok7-iC" alt="" loading="lazy" class="unloaded" width="108" height="108" /> </div> <div class="byline__info flex-col pr-16 pl-0"> <div class="byline__name flex"> <a class="text-lg font-semibold leading-snug hover:underline focus:underline leading-none" href="/about/people/cristian-gonzalez-cabrera">Cristian González Cabrera</a> </div> <div class="byline__position text-sm pt-1 leading-tight">Senior Researcher, Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Rights Program </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="grid-item"> <div class="card flex-col"> <span class="card__location font-sans uppercase text-xs mb-3">Environment and Health</span> <figure class="card__image relative overflow-hidden mb-6 aspect-w-16 aspect-h-9"> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/16x9_large/public/media_2024/11/202411ehr_ame_brazil_mato_grosso_pesticide.jpg?h=1dfc45c8&itok=5BQnxzAQ" alt="Herbicide is sprayed on a soybean field in the Cerrado plains near Campo Verde, Mato Grosso state, western Brazil. " loading="lazy" class="card__image unloaded w-auto" width="400" height="225" /> <a href="/news/2024/11/18/brazil-pesticide-bill-threatens-health-livelihoods" class="card__image-link hrw-fill" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> </figure> <div class="card__content"> <div class="card__dateline flex flex-row items-baseline"> <p class="card__dateline-date flex font-sans text-xs">November 18, 2024</p> <span class="card__dateline-type pl-1 font-serif text-sm separator-bar">Report</span> </div> <a href="/news/2024/11/18/brazil-pesticide-bill-threatens-health-livelihoods" class="card__title text-lg font-medium leading-none hover:underline font-sans text-blue-700 hover:text-blue-800 "><span>Brazil: Pesticide Bill Threatens Health, Livelihoods</span> </a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="grid-item"> <div class="card flex-col"> <span class="card__location font-sans uppercase text-xs mb-3">Americas</span> <figure class="card__image relative overflow-hidden mb-6 aspect-w-16 aspect-h-9"> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/16x9_large/public/media_2024/11/202411AME_Brazil_Lula.JPG?h=ac778ff2&itok=81E0fgrl" alt="Photo of Lula da Silva" loading="lazy" class="card__image unloaded w-auto" width="400" height="225" /> <a href="/news/2024/11/17/after-trump-win-brazil-needs-step-rights-diplomacy" class="card__image-link hrw-fill" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> </figure> <div class="card__content"> <div class="card__dateline flex flex-row items-baseline"> <p class="card__dateline-date flex font-sans text-xs">November 17, 2024</p> <span class="card__dateline-type pl-1 font-serif text-sm separator-bar">Commentary</span> </div> <a href="/news/2024/11/17/after-trump-win-brazil-needs-step-rights-diplomacy" class="card__title text-lg font-medium leading-none hover:underline font-sans text-blue-700 hover:text-blue-800 "><span>After Trump Win, Brazil Needs to Step Up Rights Diplomacy</span> </a> <div class="byline__container mt-3 flex flex-wrap text-gray-800 flex-col"> <div class="byline__content flex flex-row ml-1 mr-0 mb-1 mt-4"> <div class="byline__img flex h-16 w-16 min-w-16 mr-4 ml-0"> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/square_bw/public/media_2023/05/202305americas_brazil_cesar.jpeg?h=33760c2f&itok=S-Zkl6WZ" alt="" loading="lazy" class="unloaded" width="108" height="108" /> </div> <div class="byline__info flex-col pr-16 pl-0"> <div class="byline__name flex"> <a class="text-lg font-semibold leading-snug hover:underline focus:underline leading-none" href="/about/people/cesar-munoz">César Muñoz</a> </div> <div class="byline__position text-sm pt-1 leading-tight">Brazil director, Americas Division</div> </div> </div> <div class="byline__source flex pt-2"> <span class="text-sm leading-none font-sans">Published in: </span> <a href="https://noticias.uol.com.br/opiniao/coluna/2024/11/17/apos-vitoria-de-trump-brasil-precisa-liderar-na-defesa-de-direitos.htm" class="byline__link text-sm leading-none font-sans pl-1 pr-0 italic hover:underline 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aria-hidden="true" > <title>Play Video</title> <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/hrw_design/dist/app-drupal/assets/spritemap.svg?cacheBuster=240611#sprite-play"></use> </svg> </div> </button> <iframe class="video__iframe bg-black w-full h-full absolute" title="The Darién Gap: Where People Risk Their Lives in Search of a Better Future" data-src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/gg-7RxDWRzk?rel=0;&autoplay=1;&enablejsapi=1" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen ></iframe> </div> <details class="video__transcript bg-gray-100 font-sans text-base p-2"> <summary>Read a text description of this video</summary> <div class="m-4"> <div data-field="field-video-transcript"><p><strong>Darien Gap Feature Video</strong></p> <p><strong>Final Script - ENG</strong></p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p><strong>María:</strong></p> <p>It’s been the worst thing I’ve been through, I felt I wasn’t going to come out of there.</p> <p>I cried, the first thing that crossed my mind were my children.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Voice Over:</strong></p> <p>Over the last year, more than half a million people have crossed the Darién Gap, a swampy jungle between Colombia and Panama,</p> <p>on their journey north, often to the United States.</p> <p> </p> <p>Migrants from all over the world risk their lives in this difficult terrain, where they are exposed to unchecked abuses by criminal groups and receive little protection.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Text Card:</strong></p> <p>Asylum seekers and migrants are entitled to basic safety and respect for their huma rights during their journey.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Chapter 1:</strong></p> <p><strong>Fleeing human rights crises</strong></p> <p> </p> <p><strong>María:</strong></p> <p>I left Venezuela, why? Because of the country’s situation.</p> <p>I work so much and much and much...why... can’t I afford anything for my daughter? I decided to go to Ecuador.</p> <p> </p> <p>I left with my brother, he was 17 and I was 21 years. We walked all the way from Cúcuta [Colombia] to Ecuador,12 days, just the two of us.</p> <p> </p> <p>When we got to Ecuador, that same day I started working, but totally undocumented in Ecuador. I then brought my mom and my family.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Voice Over:</strong></p> <p>Many people crossing the Darién Gap often try to rebuild their lives in South America before risking everything at the crossing.</p> <p> </p> <p>But their lack of legal documentation status and formal employment, as well as insecurity and discrimination, drives them out.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p><strong>María:</strong></p> <p>Now Ecuador is different, there are a lot of hitmen, there is a lot of robbery and stuff.</p> <p> </p> <p>I was also in a relationship that turned really bad. There was no respect. I would be working, and he would stalk me. After I filed a restraining order, he tried to kill me. Three days later I decided to come here [to the US].</p> <p> </p> <p>My best friend had messaged me a few days earlier and said: “Maria, let’s go through the Darién”, I told him “No dude, I’m scared.” I knew that a lot of people died there.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Chapter 2:</strong></p> <p><strong>The Jungle Corssing</strong></p> <p><strong>2022</strong></p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Voice Over:</strong></p> <p>Hundreds of thousands of migrants and asylum seekers are fleeing human rights crises in the Americas, while many are also escaping poverty or seeking safety.</p> <p> </p> <p>The US has promoted restrictions on movement in the region, pushing more and more people into this dangerous route.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p><strong>María:</strong></p> <p>I crossed in September 2022. Before we even got there, we had decided what route to take, through where. We got there and said: “We will cross through here because we don’t have enough money for Acandí, we’ll go through La Bandera." We paid the money and went in.</p> <p> </p> <p>Seven days. You see dead people, you see animals like “wolves” [foxes], you hear them at night. You have to put cleaning fluid around the tent so that the snakes don’t get in. The rain is devastating.</p> <p> </p> <p>You are wet, the tent is wet, your clothes are wet, you are freezing. Your boots are wet, but you can’t take them off or something might bite you. And as you move forward you start seeing, the smell of the dead is really strong. </p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Voice Over:</strong></p> <p>During their days-long walk across the gap, migrants of all nationalities frequently experience robbery and serious abuses, including sexual assault.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>María:</strong></p> <p>Well, we didn’t get robbed like other people, but they did take our money. At every stop you would have to pay, and if you don’t have it they will leave you there, and make your life miserable. It’s all a mafia.</p> <p> </p> <p>We ran out of water for two days. We were almost at the last stop, and I fall on my knees, and I tell my best friend: “Man, I can’t go any further, if you get out of here please tell my mom and my children that I love them but I can’t anymore.”</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Voice Over:</strong></p> <p>A lack of safe pathways is pushing more and more migrants to cross the Darién Gap.</p> <p> </p> <p>Between January and September 2023, a record of 400,000 people, including more than 80,000 children, crossed.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Voice Over:</strong></p> <p>Even after successfully crossing the Darién Gap, the rest of the journey doesn’t come without risk. Especially in countries like Guatemala and Mexico. </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Chapter 3:</strong></p> <p><strong>The rest of Marías Journey.</strong></p> <p><strong>2022</strong></p> <p> </p> <p><strong>María:</strong></p> <p>Mexico was the worst thing that has ever happen to me, other than the jungle.</p> <p> </p> <p>We arrived to Tapachula like everyone else. Immigration detained us for like three four days, we couldn't call anyone. We were fine since it was the first time.</p> <p> </p> <p>I stayed working in Mexico for a whole month. I worked in a taqueria restaurant. I started at 07:00 am and left at 02:00 am. 7:00 am until 02:00 am...</p> <p> </p> <p>I mean, it was horrible, and they paid me 150 pesos and I paid 100 a night [for lodging]. There was nothing left.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Voice Over:</strong></p> <p>In 2022 the US established a humanitarian parole program that allows qualifying individuals from certain nationalities like Venezuelans, to enter the US. </p> <p> </p> <p>Maria eventually obtained it. But many who don’t qualify and are pushed into dangerous crossings.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Chapetr 4:</strong></p> <p><strong>Reunifying the Family</strong></p> <p><strong>2023</strong></p> <p> </p> <p><strong>María:</strong></p> <p>Because of Ecuador’s situation. My mum’s neighbor got robbed at her place, they had raped the woman in that house.</p> <p> </p> <p>That scared me. I have a 5-year-old daughter and a 2-year-old boy, I don’t want them to go through that.</p> <p> </p> <p>I had the courage and the sacrifice to make the money for them to come here.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Voice Over:</strong></p> <p>María’s mother, along with her two children and her brother left Ecuador on August 30th, 2023, and started their journey to the US.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>María:</strong></p> <p>They crossed [the Darién Gap] through Acandí, the short route.</p> <p>I couldn’t sleep, I messaged her all the time.  “Where are you? What are you doing?” they didn’t answer, they had no reception.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p>They were robbed, their bag were stolen, with the money, the phones, my children’s birth certificates. Everything.</p> <p> </p> <p>I sent them $3,000 and more than $1,000 was stolen from them in the jungle, when their bags were taken. It was total anguish.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p><strong>María Nat pop:</strong></p> <p>Mommy, I already sent the guy the money and he made the deposit. I’m with the lady that sent me the contacts, remember? So, when you move, and make it to the border with Guatemala, call Mercedes. So they can save you a spot in that shelter.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Text Card:</strong></p> <p>Panamanian and Colombian authorities should protect migrants and local communities in the Darién Gap and increase assistance in the area.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Chapter 5:</strong></p> <p><strong>United States of America</strong></p> <p> </p> <p><strong>María:</strong></p> <p>Life here is not easy, you pay for everything, if you miss a month of rent, they kick you out. I didn't work one hour, two, four hours, no,</p> <p>I work 12, 14 hours in one a day. To make the money, so that they [my family] could be with me.</p> <p> </p> <p>I have asked for loans and stuff in the bank, all so they can move forward. Because my children for me are my life.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Nat pop: </strong></p> <p>- I love you mommy.</p> <p>- I also love you.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Voice Over:</strong></p> <p>By November 1st, 2023, María’s family was still in Mexico waiting for an immigration appointment to apply for asylum at a US border crossing.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Text Card:</strong></p> <p>The United States should expand safe and legal pathways for migrants and asylum seekers, so that they can avoid dangerous crossings, like the Darién, as well as work with other governments to protect migrants along the way and ensure their right to seek asylum.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Voice Over:</strong></p> <p>Whether seeking international protection or economic opportunities, asylum seekers and migrants deserve a safe, orderly, and dignified path.</p> <p> </p> <p>They are all entitled to basic safety and respect for their human rights during their journey.</p></div> </div> </details> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="tabs-vertical__main-item hidden" id="tabs-main--575536784-2" role="tabpanel" aria-expanded="false" aria-labelledby="tabs-tab--575536784-2" aria-hidden="true" > <div class="video__embeddable video--orientation--landscape"> <div > <div > <div class="video overflow-hidden"> <div class="video__frame relative h-0 pb-video"> <div class="video__image js-video-hide-on-play absolute z-10 w-full h-full m-auto"> <img src="https://img.youtube.com/vi/nQiS0UasJW4/maxresdefault.jpg" alt="Mexico, Enforced disappearance" loading="lazy" /> </div> <button class="video__icon js-video-hide-on-play cursor-pointer absolute h-16 w-16 video-position block z-20" aria-label="click to play video"> <div class="icon fill-current w-full inline-block"> <svg viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="currentColor" role="img" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" > <title>Play Video</title> <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/hrw_design/dist/app-drupal/assets/spritemap.svg?cacheBuster=240611#sprite-play"></use> </svg> </div> </button> <iframe class="video__iframe bg-black w-full h-full absolute" title="Mexico, Enforced disappearance" data-src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/nQiS0UasJW4?rel=0;&autoplay=1;&enablejsapi=1" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen ></iframe> </div> <details class="video__transcript bg-gray-100 font-sans text-base p-2"> <summary>Read a text description of this video</summary> <div class="m-4"> <div data-field="field-video-transcript"><p><strong>SCRIPT</strong></p> <ol> <li><strong>SOUNDBITE: Student footage, Iguala, Mexico, September </strong><strong>2014 </strong><strong>(SPANISH):</strong>  Don’t shoot! Don’t shoot! Why are you shooting? Why are you shooting?</li> <li><strong>TEXT ON SCREEN</strong><strong>:</strong> WARNING:<strong> </strong>This video contains distressing images of violence, including shooting. Viewer discretion is advised.</li> <li><strong>SOUNDBITE: Student footage, Iguala, Mexico, </strong><strong>September 2014 </strong><strong>(SPANISH)</strong><strong> / OFF audio of Metodia Carrillo Lino, August 2023</strong><strong>:</strong> Nine years. Waiting for our children. </li> <li><strong>SOUNDBITE: Student footage, Iguala, Mexico, September </strong><strong>2014 </strong><strong>(SPANISH):</strong>  Let’s go dude.</li> <li><strong>SOUNDBITE: Student footage, Iguala, Mexico, September </strong><strong>2014 </strong><strong>(SPANISH)</strong><strong> / OFF audio of Metodia Carrillo Lino, August 2023</strong><strong>:</strong> No answers at all... </li> <li><strong>SOUNDBITE: Student footage, Iguala, Mexico, September </strong><strong>2014 </strong><strong>(SPANISH):</strong>  They are shooting at us, dude! You already killed someone, call an ambulance! Call an ambulance! </li> <li><strong>SOUNDBITE: </strong><strong>Metodia Carrillo Lino, Mexico City</strong><strong>, Mexico, </strong><strong>August 2023</strong><strong> (SPANISH):</strong> As mothers, we will never give up looking for our kids. Because I love my son very much. I will never forget him. As long as I am healthy, I will always look for my son. Always. Every single day. </li> <li><strong>PHOTOS: Sequence of photos of the Ayotzinapa students. Ambient sound, August 2023 (SPANISH): </strong>Because they took them alive! And want them alive! </li> <li><strong>TEXT ON SCREEN: </strong>On September 26, 2014, Mexican police, working with members of a criminal cartel, attacked and forcibly disappeared 43 students from Ayotzinapa Rural Teachers College. The students have not been seen since. </li> <li><strong>TEXT ON SCREEN: </strong>For years later.</li> <li><strong>SOUNDBITE: </strong><strong>Andrés Manuel López Obrador, President of Mexico, press conference, Mexico City, Mexico, September 2018 (SPANISH):</strong> Now I can say, with full confidence, that I will fulfill all the promises I made during the campaign. And one of my commitments was to solve the unfortunate case of the disappearance of the young men from Ayotzinapa.</li> <li><strong>SOUNDBITE: </strong><strong>Epifanio Álvarez (Father of Jorge Álvarez Nava), press conference, Mexico City, Mexico, September 2018 (SPANISH):</strong> We are very hopeful that it will happen. Otherwise, as far as I am concerned, I prefer to die.</li> <li><strong>TEXT ON SCREEN:</strong><strong> </strong>President López Obrador did not keep his promise. Nearly five years into President López Obrador’s term, what happened to the 43 students  remains unclear. Their whereabouts are still unknown. </li> <li><strong>SOUNDBITE: </strong><strong>Metodia Carrillo Lino, Mexico City</strong><strong>, Mexico, </strong><strong>August 2023</strong><strong> (SPANISH):</strong> The president never gave us answers. We want the truth! We don’t want any more lies!” </li> <li><strong>SOUNDBITE: </strong><strong>María de Jesús Tlatempa Bello, Mexico City</strong><strong>, Mexico, </strong><strong>August 2023</strong><strong> (SPANISH):</strong> The information is there. The Army has it. But they said nothing. That’s why we’re very concerned. Because President Andrés Manuel López Obrador, who is the commander of the Armed Forces, has not backed us up. Because if he had backed us up, they would already have investigated the army.</li> <li><strong>TEXT ON SCREEN:</strong><strong> </strong>The army was closely monitoring the students on the night they were taken. But it has refused to give investigators access to key information, like photos, videos, and phone records from the night of the disappearance. </li> <li><strong>SOUNDBITE: </strong><strong>Clemente Rodríguez, Mexico City</strong><strong>, Mexico, </strong><strong>August 2023</strong><strong> (SPANISH): </strong>There is still a lot to investigate, so that we ﬁnally get truth and justice, and ﬁnd out where our children are.</li> <li><strong>TEXT ON SCREEN:</strong><strong> </strong>In July 2023, a group of international experts investigating what happened to the students stopped their work and left Mexico. They said they could not continue investigating because the army was hiding key evidence that could contain clues about what happened to the students. </li> <li><strong>SOUNDBITE: </strong><strong>Carlos Beristain (Member of the </strong><strong>Interdisciplinary Group of Independent Experts</strong><strong>), press conference, Mexico City</strong><strong>, Mexico, </strong><strong>July 2023</strong><strong> (SPANISH): </strong>They continue to lie about the information held by the Armed Forces about what happened and about documents they hadregarding the possible whereabouts of the students.</li> <li><strong>SOUNDBITE: </strong><strong>Ángela Buitrago (Member of the </strong><strong>Interdisciplinary Group of Independent Experts</strong><strong>), press conference, Mexico City</strong><strong>, Mexico, </strong><strong>July 2023</strong><strong> (SPANISH): </strong>The refusal to provide information and the obstinacy of the denials, even in witness statements before prosecutors, by senior army and navy officials… only serve to deny the obvious.</li> <li><strong>SOUNDBITE: </strong><strong>Carlos Beristain (Member of the </strong><strong>Interdisciplinary Group of Independent Experts</strong><strong>), press conference, Mexico City</strong><strong>, Mexico, </strong><strong>July 2023</strong><strong> (SPANISH): </strong>The risk we have faced is that lies become an institutionalized response” </li> <li><strong>TEXT ON SCREEN:</strong><strong> </strong>The kidnapping and enforced disappearance of the 43 students shocked Mexico and the world. But it was not an isolated incident. </li> <li><strong>TEXT ON SCREEN: </strong>Over 110,000 people are oﬃcially considered missing in Mexico. The true number is likely higher. Thousands continue to disappear every year. More than 36,000 have been reported missing since President López Obrador took oﬃce. </li> <li><strong>SOUNDBITE: </strong><strong>Clemente Rodríguez, Mexico City</strong><strong>, Mexico, </strong><strong>August 2023</strong><strong> (SPANISH): </strong>There are murders, there are disappearances, and the army knows it, and the government knows it. To put an end to the impunity, he [López Obrador] needs to somehow find the whereabouts of the 43 and of the thousands of others who are missing.</li> <li><strong>SOUNDBITE: </strong><strong>María de Jesús Tlatempa Bello, Mexico City</strong><strong>, Mexico, </strong><strong>August 2023</strong><strong> (SPANISH):</strong>People should know what is actually going on here in Mexico, that the army is key to ﬁnding our disappeared children and to this day they have not been investigated.</li> <li><strong>TEXT ON SCREEN: </strong>President López Obrador should immediately call on the army to stop hiding information and ensure there is a serious investigation that leads to truth and justice.</li> <li><strong>SOUNDBITE: </strong><strong>Clemente Rodríguez, Mexico City</strong><strong>, Mexico, </strong><strong>August 2023</strong><strong> (SPANISH): </strong>I would demand that he faces up to the commitments he made during his campaign, that he hasn’t kept. He should demand that the Army cooperate, because it has not contributed anything. He is protecting the military tooth and nail.” </li> <li><strong>SOUNDBITE: C</strong><strong>ristina Bautista </strong><strong>(Mother of Benjamín Ascencio Bau</strong><strong>ti</strong><strong>sta) </strong><strong>, Mexico City</strong><strong>, Mexico, </strong><strong>August 2023</strong><strong> (SPANISH): </strong>We continue to ﬁght, we continue to demand that the Mexican government finds our children alive, because that's how they took them, alive.</li> <li><strong>AMBIENT SOUND</strong><strong>:</strong><strong> </strong>We want them alive!</li> <li><strong>SOUNDBITE: </strong><strong>Clemente Rodríguez, Mexico City</strong><strong>, Mexico, </strong><strong>August 2023</strong><strong> (SPANISH): </strong>The army had links with Guerreros Unidos, that is, with organized crime, they all [worked] hand in hand. So, the Mexican State  should be held accountable for this.</li> <li><strong>SOUNDBITE: </strong><strong>María de Jesús Tlatempa Bello, Mexico City</strong><strong>, Mexico, </strong><strong>August 2023</strong><strong> (SPANISH):</strong> They took them alive. We want them alive.</li> <li><strong>TEXT ON SCREEN: </strong>President López Obrador, which side are you on? Will you help the military cover up what happened to the students from Ayotzinapa? Or will you support the families seeking truth and justice? </li> <li><strong>SOUNDBITE: </strong><strong>Group of students from Atyozinapa Rural College, Mexico City</strong><strong>, Mexico, </strong><strong>August 2023</strong><strong> (SPANISH): </strong>[Count up from 1 to 43. When they arrive to 43, they shout:] “Justice!”.</li> <li><strong>END CREDITS: </strong>Producer/Editor – Andrés Brenner; Videographer – César Fuentes; Additional footage –Centro de Derechos Humanos Miguel Agustín Pro Juárez, Centro Cultural Universitario Tlatelolco.</li> </ol></div> </div> </details> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="tabs-vertical__main-item hidden" id="tabs-main--575536784-3" role="tabpanel" aria-expanded="false" aria-labelledby="tabs-tab--575536784-3" aria-hidden="true" > <div class="video__embeddable video--orientation--landscape"> <div > <div > <div class="video overflow-hidden"> <div class="video__frame relative h-0 pb-video"> <div class="video__image js-video-hide-on-play absolute z-10 w-full h-full m-auto"> <div data-field="field-media-image"> <img srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/16x9_medium/public/media_2023/08/202306AME_Escazu_Agreement2.jpeg?h=d1cb525d&itok=-8W3Nhn1 500w, /sites/default/files/styles/16x9_large/public/media_2023/08/202306AME_Escazu_Agreement2.jpeg?h=d1cb525d&itok=9UfHVlsx 700w, /sites/default/files/styles/16x9_xlarge/public/media_2023/08/202306AME_Escazu_Agreement2.jpeg?h=d1cb525d&itok=LmcdK0_j 1000w, /sites/default/files/styles/16x9_xxl/public/media_2023/08/202306AME_Escazu_Agreement2.jpeg?h=d1cb525d&itok=RJaDjHKn 1400w, /sites/default/files/styles/16x9_3xl/public/media_2023/08/202306AME_Escazu_Agreement2.jpeg?h=d1cb525d&itok=1fMFP02s 1920w" sizes="(max-width: 524px) 500px, (max-width: 768px) 700px, (max-width: 1024px) 1000px, (max-width: 1440px) 1400px, 100vw" width="700" height="393" data-responsive-image-style="16x9" src="/sites/default/files/styles/16x9_large/public/media_2023/08/202306AME_Escazu_Agreement2.jpeg?h=d1cb525d&itok=9UfHVlsx" alt="Escazú Agreement 2" loading="lazy" /> </div> </div> <button class="video__icon js-video-hide-on-play cursor-pointer absolute h-16 w-16 video-position block z-20" aria-label="click to play video"> <div class="icon fill-current w-full inline-block"> <svg viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="currentColor" role="img" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" > <title>Play Video</title> <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/hrw_design/dist/app-drupal/assets/spritemap.svg?cacheBuster=240611#sprite-play"></use> </svg> </div> </button> <iframe class="video__iframe bg-black w-full h-full absolute" title="What is the Escazu Agreement?" data-src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/11DF95EFmgk?rel=0;&autoplay=1;&enablejsapi=1" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen ></iframe> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="tabs-vertical__list" role="tablist"> <button class="tabs-vertical__list-item video-tab-item text-blue-700 focus:text-gray-500 flex w-full items-center border-b border-gray-200" role="tab" id="tabs-tab--575536784-1" aria-controls="tabs-main--575536784-1" aria-selected="false" > <div class="icon fill-current min-w-12 w-12 inline-block"> <svg viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="currentColor" role="img" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" > <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/hrw_design/dist/app-drupal/assets/spritemap.svg?cacheBuster=240611#sprite-play-square"></use> </svg> </div> <div class="text-left">The Darién Gap: Where People Risk Their Lives in Search of a Better Future</div> </button> <button class="tabs-vertical__list-item video-tab-item text-blue-700 focus:text-gray-500 flex w-full items-center border-b border-gray-200" role="tab" id="tabs-tab--575536784-2" aria-controls="tabs-main--575536784-2" aria-selected="false" > <div class="icon fill-current min-w-12 w-12 inline-block"> <svg viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="currentColor" role="img" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" > <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/hrw_design/dist/app-drupal/assets/spritemap.svg?cacheBuster=240611#sprite-play-square"></use> </svg> </div> <div class="text-left">Mexico, Enforced disappearance</div> </button> <button class="tabs-vertical__list-item video-tab-item text-blue-700 focus:text-gray-500 flex w-full items-center border-b border-gray-200" role="tab" id="tabs-tab--575536784-3" aria-controls="tabs-main--575536784-3" aria-selected="false" > <div class="icon fill-current min-w-12 w-12 inline-block"> <svg viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="currentColor" role="img" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" > <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/hrw_design/dist/app-drupal/assets/spritemap.svg?cacheBuster=240611#sprite-play-square"></use> </svg> </div> <div class="text-left">What is the Escazu Agreement?</div> </button> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mb-16 mt-12"> <div class="media-list mx-auto flex flex-col"> <div class="block-header flex justify-between items-baseline pb-3 border-b border-gray-200 "> <h2 class="block-header__title font-sans media-list__title text-3xl font-bold leading-tight text-gray-800"> Reports </h2> <a href="/publications?country%5B0%5D=9451" class="text-blue-700 hover:text-blue-800 focus:text-blue-800 uppercase svg-right-5 text-sm link-icon font-sans font-medium" title=""> <span class="link-icon__text "> More reports </span> <div class="icon fill-current w-2 inline-block"> <svg viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="currentColor" role="img" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" > <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/hrw_design/dist/app-drupal/assets/spritemap.svg?cacheBuster=240611#sprite-chevron-right"></use> </svg> </div> </a> </div> <div class="media-list__content"> <ul class="media-list__list flex flex-wrap "> <li class="media-list__item py-4 w-full md:pr-4 md:w-1/2"> <article class="media-block flex w-full flex-row-reverse justify-end "> <div class="media-block__content"> <div class="media-block__info text-sm text-gray-700"> <span class="media-block__date">November 18, 2024</span> <span class="media-block__tag separator-bar font-serif"> Report </span> </div> <h3 class="media-block__title text-gray-800 media-block__link-gray text-lg font-medium mt-1"> <a href="/news/2024/11/18/brazil-pesticide-bill-threatens-health-livelihoods"><span>Brazil: Pesticide Bill Threatens Health, Livelihoods</span> </a> </h3> <p class="media-block__subtitle text-gray-700 text-sm">Smaller Buffer Zones Would Further Reduce Protection from Exposure</p> </div> <div class="media-block__image relative flex-none mr-4 w-24"> <div class="media-block__image-wrapper relative"> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/square/public/media_2024/11/202411ehr_ame_brazil_mato_grosso_pesticide.jpg?h=1dfc45c8&itok=d2BNV24E" alt="Herbicide is sprayed on a soybean field in the Cerrado plains near Campo Verde, Mato Grosso state, western Brazil. 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