CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9135007e8993fd8c',cH: 'LtCa74WvqeGGhxpaiFYTXtI4veMfWFjOvmntmsx6DdY-1739787176-1.2.1.1-vuzqfVEKnKujg_iVMx.lBbgnlyRSMDon5uFhSOViEpGQM1KsBvDNvwRDlpPFlp4o',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Abdalla%20Manur&__cf_chl_tk=LrvOcxOFf_y15E799.fgP4_LqaCAbU0M4LvazcdzQYc-1739787176-1.0.1.1-MDi0CAVX4H21M_aeUX0uNt.xULyn_yEUiMpU0nShol4",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739787176',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Abdalla%20Manur&__cf_chl_f_tk=LrvOcxOFf_y15E799.fgP4_LqaCAbU0M4LvazcdzQYc-1739787176-1.0.1.1-MDi0CAVX4H21M_aeUX0uNt.xULyn_yEUiMpU0nShol4",md: "ssU_4VLOnY9Bst4mkbKBrtdKNtyDD6KEvJN7KSOklG4-1739787176-1.2.1.1-qLb_1.HAoieBaEBxLhooRd9vB8iDs5ViIqe8WpN6GLYMvtkvuQMp.ocS1mtJ7lX4qdcC.2wAy3cS1j2wCccm6FlmVawc4toMVXWWQwx6.tnr7R_PEklqJlU6R36I2NjthkYAKm8uGKhBNzNKqFvdrgiIJImDmDQJdIA3.tU6NCyZCov9Q6cU1byqnczgIUAYxpN9WfK7v2at2d3oHXZ_KU4u9FNFrrTFCON7cHtAGsPGdDN_09w3NNXImStkFpFF5q2TgfvH6eSg7PA9vNoQd9pyOXCn9uRd7rfYJfOWXYPctTnN6enI_H462Pa.ILSyRIjsl.BUvGYBidDzptCugMpKWdCurdx5X9edtT.Pvgr2h2TKPN_YfvIJaIx_Gt2ZUB5cycIQsR25GX5X023UyyjiYIarLgH92dw75iUa_49xJPW3iKQpv2mTs60L.wd6f8mRfZMqgTPGpxrFwXN34FnE59L1acK__Dr3aHMUiv87nfNMLDrWu0g3GTUexoACGokfyxYuReazBy4vzDsMml17QjKinW4_AuhlxHRNpG7PRn01Z2cHZaVYgnrtMN6t_JA8YymS7sBIYlVi2Qnjf84DVZts8nSK6SwXXXU4MvEZBJdUKBBGMapDdXXSGYUSLPMsWdAZsPDbXpvNx9Z4yOq5SLg6nROsJZkIW2rXzptkvNwXhYUXcUInh01ps4xXlyFvIaNwYbmkEQlrP6Oke9lFwjEyZgs5zvVHL0Qars2chah7eQOcfurOmmDwNGaUw8eBq2li3g4GRNKFWujq2R9sG2o.sG8fvNYK1SbwnnRr3.9bMMYUA5EPFxCzjRGlNOFXM6GFkxNTm1p2mJxsM8X2qHH0LvRCTUywmM7YZ8VaXQUtWrk4Vby.TWT2Jw.SZSDqii3_VGLY1Q7s008yhVUX4iFX0ZzLv.SPvbiCxYTCM6ntJdZvd73cdBCMepNKgO4x4n6zi1K0xOW0DrimZyYIn8y4s3mZFNtx99z3ONj4aM2xeaVBh.dcQPtKN9fvzfnsR.an5TpG8VWPc9RDhs5aSS2g5GMr.ygJwozO.4e9vOZZBiaEkaEiXkTOFD7KZ5iGnT7O6Y5MgiD478GqT05v6SsR3rN8z0qBRPYYfIhJ2bySyKrcWij6rgxU1idCJsY5IiEIkbbYH_JgWcFuDPbO1VZ11BS4KRmHWlCLvNwGi.XuXdWmv3.wkcPnLRCxWKQIv_Dp57biijA5dTusG4ACjsP2TwuHqBW66CSIKTFIfEQBgIPFn3TqHO27Gf7.fDlBxlMbAvIQxpe8UgW2y.9ByQh0YvJj8eAy_Lhe4EHZ9o9jtF3DeZNIWTCmysyBUMiHhfsEQsDvroaDXJG5VEqao8ByBKbDbsWPwqPVKJt27pnp1t67k.CEfQ1iDD8X94IEzMv401u9XES5JD5UefIzqGk5GmH4lJPhVjHkeH3PAPXQpY9GmklGg.EO.ih8sc.rxEKv9cWTex2TbqwR53_3ZysTadqvdHSFK8w86zGB0TROET0FEcwWP6QqEmTURsXbZgOTstWz_Lb4ap5WMh0PJXs.rYF09vVYLsnyMO3wWG.BwzaIp17P6TF7NNQxNsdqZHAxfow4GGUNHMe_Eg20Ne213AXBIAtH_vxwouZPZFaF642lj_nq5MiP.KMNUCSt92hnujxDaBLJ3yRVezZ8hKFC9nQjbkZiiI19iYsZ24gwfgbEV5Xc9AC.9Js4r1QFDTycsM4b64bc0tYeMh.RXQCwxeeGNLcdbNaWe1pxkdXOIk5D7IIo1Mz4JwzuznuYbE6qwy_zoV8bITNCAxYl0.1Wg7Pcz4rt1ZFV6sNluCkIniizJmci30YPomKZBqoOxNobDhUHmbPgPB4sqvZVmV_WdvslKpX69nK8Q0ZUHeJVM706Z3sTOfnUBBVxD44n9mbniLknC2kOx_643dZhYEGkY3nfkLuEwvh3Sow",mdrd: "OKhDPNkFSd0R0IWFZ4htFseNiPdj7cqM5QSCbgEccOs-1739787176-1.2.1.1-CLgDBX17Zm3KjPKVhZjr_t2oMfztOzsmGQ60CgnSKHLPDsG8Na.TVrZKwK_QqkBOLhjjYF._GjjeDJI70dC7FKFZgzvO7qGYg7XxwtA_ov3c..LAOIhIN45a1hOU3dWjJUz.YjDaQ5d0WzpSUv0CVtsijDaB_YJATCXA_GsBRrv5dlRxz7SC8FyVHZwmyyquStn9rkMDtfWpikCnDta1IXqkHCnMKA7USaN5wP_SHu1yRV_rBu6j32MD20l2QFTlhOPm96d.yjKafc6SKCi9PSqs5lb4y5mhjX4f_QjCx786z5FCyym1Qjs6eLMuyckTrmemtReMFSeS8TrYDKqYStE7w9La78TD8Vsd1g7hPZhxYq_OzWhIBeNczY8f6de3fxNqf0uySQUifkdZWazcKMfYl.2cUSfpiCQso37RnHQ18PEuT4c8_PQ79wxU12SwAZQdkXO5h7lqjUI1Rs0KJ4FBrk7d506Ym4DAPj.wIGPJtzKDYIXFuSgfmIjmagE8hTkWRrPDWYuEgymCLfHwWvGNAPIuRd6NZO5fUejmPInBg9CtsqA8PeiyJd7ifzO0j_DcqfeGUYCDw9E548S5jdUN0uH47QIatCaWrTZ7q6X3pYzWkqXQ4ucwSlHY_Xn2WN.H4rv2Vp.QoP8ZBpTQhpMQXlfsIS7Fk5NXijRshtRilKsQzR8Fo._7JDpBdGmncAVSwtjh67e7ATG8aAvX5GQOrlkxRMOtwvDotQ8pBR.Vqbb0k2Qk2UbAunWl8SDbhG708rOhpHZ9qoeHseGYr1hARFHqdq7xUqUej2m_uzZuC_HT4HzEzjlwHTyuONtLSw5Mz4xesRL02TzUjAQa9kkxHnmXbr0MU3Z7xBXmsY3Angg9vd9MMajLPZXjqHQdEi5VeXtC3S8g7e6zrNCEb1i8mXGmsarXs01S1aWKRw7hyQLxeCEnTqWBksaD1Ci5vwzD5PvHmszFVWK2sQC5mWlpa0d4Uy0SkVPYaP1a1zGelzVQGTniurC8pu2QpY4Yr9_VUmGFiEthGzEBXjtVW1fRBo076QZO5iQcs023iOBQekX5Ezozmzbo2j2dQItFUOa3lepoqxugVsy312NrShApsZqQBGZ5tjqx2jhIttknjNqBBAqIY72TxSiCpK9zLqnnENIpTyBJm.ZSQNmcVYGqJCZ0_0SJzaqXHJHqIB9SNT_JL6_CTi95JQ6kJgBseM17DSsIeWgdmnxWWrq5HhgHXUCeVrZKeg0QjNDgdvKQjTCfVXZUtsHfZo_RXKwilm7O1KND0Ve_9t0wZb2Lqz.o2MD156Ef5L8lTOluRZTOvHvsaOZldIWgMtVRdI2CKf0KmxL5cQSZfFYMsgi1Re5HuE7JucjM80NsLaIb6G_uU9QhBEYxZE9ZesfqgWUDkPK4qVz1FwMZMtWtPHcnS18vDU82Zikn.cZSiPZ.kMrQHA24Vrppns9NKkxLV39oA.SxfYIM7b3bRyxNGZwM9LpL6ZjBVWWD5ljljAV_MgxVrZMUQdCq8tMNN.D5z38_cuFtoS3USu4q95Bin63T6z4A5vRk1Y9aAbaKCCKoZ_2gPH_7T74L97RTzg8471xhmFU0cYB94fH4vbLIbP2RnbCJuwMnWBIwIEiKHhhZTddgLNVlGytp0IBXwWmmuBAwtgsjJcvSyUTAqt4acIeZNGNIWjJfNOZf9NDYbOAbzT3zzKJN8awOsgnlFo7xis30hFlWOWER3z8BMN1_frdNW4_lWam.vHnG6_BrTFDUNEMkyx..ql8nY932odCyNUVq8SV.p9ngmIj76p6PYK8FR6ScIsA7xIXdrzbjM68iwGlZWuBxy8B2oRJpeLeqjOqp5gGvlBxqIPAeBBR3l4WoSsRLcA70HaGJtp_8xc8BnFviWbmqMXomCPQft0X5dBf8Ah0ynIYgLXnKvjA9u7Ii7v6yWWAAzJpznAbtBjK8wKlia6gXtayTTMi0j9mHOCrJ"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9135007e8993fd8c';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=Abdalla%20Manur&__cf_chl_rt_tk=LrvOcxOFf_y15E799.fgP4_LqaCAbU0M4LvazcdzQYc-1739787176-1.0.1.1-MDi0CAVX4H21M_aeUX0uNt.xULyn_yEUiMpU0nShol4" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>