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<input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="اصلي لړليک" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">اصلي لړليک</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" 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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>ننوتل</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%9A%D9%88%D8%AF:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%8C:%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86%DA%89%DB%90" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>ونډې</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%8C:%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7_%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%90_%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%90" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>خبرې 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</div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">د فلسفې ډاکتر</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="ليکنه په بله ژبه کي وګورئ. دا ليکنه په ۶۴ ژبو کې شتون لري." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-64" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">۶۴ ژبې</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%83%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%D8%A9" title="دكتور في الفلسفة – عربي" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="دكتور في الفلسفة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="عربي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophi%C3%A6_doctor" title="Philosophiæ doctor – استورياني" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Philosophiæ doctor" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="استورياني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C9%99ls%C9%99f%C9%99_doktoru" title="Fəlsəfə doktoru – اذربایجاني" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Fəlsəfə doktoru" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="اذربایجاني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80_%D1%84%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%84%D1%96%D1%96" title="Доктар філасофіі – بېلاروسي" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Доктар філасофіі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="بېلاروسي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80_%D1%84%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%84%D1%96%D1%96" title="Доктар філязофіі – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Доктар філязофіі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%BF%D0%BE_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Доктор по философия – بلغاري" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Доктор по философия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="بلغاري" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%80" title="पीएचडी – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="पीएचडी" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%AC_%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BF" title="ডক্টর অব ফিলোসফি – بنگالي" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ডক্টর অব ফিলোসফি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="بنگالي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophi%C3%A6_doctor" title="Philosophiæ doctor – کټلاني" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Philosophiæ doctor" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="کټلاني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph.D." title="Ph.D. – چېکي" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ph.D." data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="چېکي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph.d." title="Ph.d. – ډنمارکي" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ph.d." data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="ډنمارکي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph.D." title="Ph.D. – الماني" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ph.D." data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="الماني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doctor_of_Philosophy" title="Doctor of Philosophy – انګليسي" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Doctor of Philosophy" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="انګليسي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doktoro_de_filozofio" title="Doktoro de filozofio – اسپرانتو" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Doktoro de filozofio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="اسپرانتو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doctor_en_Filosof%C3%ADa" title="Doctor en Filosofía – هسپانوي" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Doctor en Filosofía" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="هسپانوي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filosoofiadoktor" title="Filosoofiadoktor – حبشي" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Filosoofiadoktor" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="حبشي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%DA%86%E2%80%8C%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="پی‌اچ‌دی – فارسي" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پی‌اچ‌دی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="فارسي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filosofian_tohtori" title="Filosofian tohtori – فینلنډي" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Filosofian tohtori" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="فینلنډي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophi%C3%A6_doctor" title="Philosophiæ doctor – فرانسوي" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Philosophiæ doctor" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="فرانسوي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A9im_docht%C3%BAra" title="Céim dochtúra – ائيرلېنډي" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Céim dochtúra" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ائيرلېنډي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chat-ho%CC%8Dk_Pok-s%E1%B9%B3" title="Chat-ho̍k Pok-sṳ – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Chat-ho̍k Pok-sṳ" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A8_%D7%9C%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%94" title="דוקטור לפילוסופיה – عبراني" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דוקטור לפילוסופיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="عبراني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%80" title="पीएचडी – هندي" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पीएचडी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="هندي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/PhD" title="PhD – هنګري" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="PhD" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="هنګري" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doktor_Filsafat" title="Doktor Filsafat – انډونېزي" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Doktor Filsafat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="انډونېزي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophiae_Doctor" title="Philosophiae Doctor – ايسلنډي" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Philosophiae Doctor" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="ايسلنډي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dottorato_di_ricerca" title="Dottorato di ricerca – ایټالوي" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Dottorato di ricerca" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="ایټالوي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doctor_of_Philosophy" title="Doctor of Philosophy – جاپاني" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Doctor of Philosophy" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="جاپاني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ფილოსოფიის დოქტორი – جورجيائي" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ფილოსოფიის დოქტორი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="جورجيائي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/PhD-%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="PhD-доктор – قازق" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="PhD-доктор" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="قازق" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B2%A0%ED%95%99%EB%B0%95%EC%82%AC" title="철학박사 – کوریایی" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="철학박사" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="کوریایی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophiae_doctor" title="Philosophiae doctor – لاتیني" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Philosophiae doctor" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="لاتیني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Доктор на науки – مقدوني" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Доктор на науки" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="مقدوني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D" title="ഡോക്ടറേറ്റ് – مالايالم" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഡോക്ടറേറ്റ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="مالايالم" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80" title="विद्यावाचस्पती – مراټهي" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="विद्यावाचस्पती" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="مراټهي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doktor_Falsafah" title="Doktor Falsafah – ملایا" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Doktor Falsafah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="ملایا" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%80" title="विद्यावारिधी – نېپالي" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="विद्यावारिधी" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="نېپالي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doctor_of_Philosophy" title="Doctor of Philosophy – هالېنډي" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Doctor of Philosophy" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="هالېنډي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filosofisk_doktorgrad" title="Filosofisk doktorgrad – ناروېئي (بوکمال)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Filosofisk doktorgrad" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="ناروېئي (بوکمال)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC_%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AB%E0%A9%80" title="ਡਾਕਟਰ ਆਫ਼ ਫਿਲਾਸਫੀ – پنجابي" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਡਾਕਟਰ ਆਫ਼ ਫਿਲਾਸਫੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="پنجابي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C_%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%86_%DA%88%DB%8C" title="پی ایچ ڈی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پی ایچ ڈی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doutor_em_filosofia" title="Doutor em filosofia – پورتګالي" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Doutor em filosofia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="پورتګالي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophi%C3%A6_doctor" title="Philosophiæ doctor – رومانیایی" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Philosophiæ doctor" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="رومانیایی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Доктор философии – روسي" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Доктор философии" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="روسي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutturi_di_Filusuf%C3%ACa" title="Dutturi di Filusufìa – سیلیسي" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Dutturi di Filusufìa" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="سیلیسي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%8A%D8%A7%DA%AA%D9%BD%D8%B1_%D8%A2%D9%81_%D9%81%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%8A" title="ڊاڪٽر آف فلاسفي – سندهي" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ڊاڪٽر آف فلاسفي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="سندهي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%AF%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%81%E0%B6%B1_%E0%B6%86%E0%B6%A0%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%BA" title="දර්ශන ආචාර්ය – سينهالي" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="දර්ශන ආචාර්ය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="سينهالي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doctor_of_Philosophy" title="Doctor of Philosophy – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Doctor of Philosophy" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doktor_(PhD.)" title="Doktor (PhD.) – سلوواکي" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Doktor (PhD.)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="سلوواکي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doktor_i_Filozofis%C3%AB" title="Doktor i Filozofisë – الباني" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Doktor i Filozofisë" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="الباني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filosofie_doktor" title="Filosofie doktor – سویډنی" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Filosofie doktor" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="سویډنی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uzamivu" title="Uzamivu – سواهېلي" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Uzamivu" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="سواهېلي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="முனைவர் – تامل" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="முனைவர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="تامل" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%86%E0%B0%AB%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%AB%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%AB%E0%B1%80" title="డాక్టర్ ఆఫ్ ఫిలాసఫీ – تېليګو" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="డాక్టర్ ఆఫ్ ఫిలాసఫీ" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="تېليګو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%8E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%91%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95" title="ปรัชญาดุษฎีบัณฑิต – تايلېنډي" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ปรัชญาดุษฎีบัณฑิต" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="تايلېنډي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doktora_derecesi" title="Doktora derecesi – ترکي" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Doktora derecesi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="ترکي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_%D1%84%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%84%D1%96%D1%97" title="Доктор філософії – اوکرايني" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Доктор філософії" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="اوکرايني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%82%D9%90_%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%DB%81" title="علامۂِ فلسفہ – اردو" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="علامۂِ فلسفہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="اردو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doctor_of_Philosophy" title="Doctor of Philosophy – وېتنامي" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Doctor of Philosophy" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="وېتنامي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E5%8D%9A%E5%A3%AB" title="哲学博士 – وو چینایی" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="哲学博士" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="وو چینایی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ფილოსოფიაშ დოქტორი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ფილოსოფიაშ დოქტორი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%90%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%90%D7%A8_(%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A2)" title="דאקטאר (פילאסאפיע) – يديش" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="דאקטאר (פילאסאפיע)" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="يديش" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8%E5%8D%9A%E5%A3%AB" title="哲學博士 – چیني" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="哲學博士" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="چیني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8%E5%8D%9A%E5%A3%AB" title="哲學博士 – کانټوني" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="哲學博士" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="کانټوني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q752297#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="د ژبو خپلمنځي تړنې سمول" class="wbc-editpage">تړنې سمول</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="نوم-تشيالونه"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AF_%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%DB%90_%DA%89%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%B1" title="د مخ مېنځپانگه کتل [c]" accesskey="c"><span>مخ</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%90_%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%90:%D8%AF_%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%DB%90_%DA%89%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="د مخ د مېنځپانگې په اړه خبرې اترې (تر اوسه پورې نه شته) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>خبرې اترې</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button 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class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">څنګپټې ته ورسئ</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">پټول</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AF_%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%DB%90_%DA%89%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%B1"><span>لوستل</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AF_%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%DB%90_%DA%89%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%B1&action=edit" title="د دې مخ د سرچينې کوډ سمول [e]" accesskey="e"><span>سمول</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AF_%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%DB%90_%DA%89%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%B1&action=history"><span>پېښليک کتل</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%8C:WhatLinksHere/%D8%AF_%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%DB%90_%DA%89%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%B1" title="د ويکي د ټولو هغو مخونو لړليک چې همدې مخ سره تړنې لري [j]" accesskey="j"><span>د دې مخ تړنې</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%8C:RecentChangesLinked/%D8%AF_%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%DB%90_%DA%89%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%B1" rel="nofollow" title="له دې مخ سره د تړل شويو مخونو وروستي بدلونونه [k]" accesskey="k"><span>اړونده بدلونونه</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=ps" title="دوتنې پورته کول [u]" accesskey="u"><span>انځور/رسنۍ پورته کول</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%8C:%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AB%DA%93%D9%8A_%D9%85%D8%AE%D9%88%D9%86%D9%87" title="د ټولو ځانگړو پاڼو لړليک [q]" accesskey="q"><span>ځانگړي مخونه</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AF_%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%DB%90_%DA%89%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%B1&oldid=287362" title="د دې مخ د همدې بڼې تلپاتې تړنه"><span>تلپاتې تړنه</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AF_%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%DB%90_%DA%89%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%B1&action=info" title="د دې مخ اړونده نور مالومات"><span>د مخ مالومات</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%8C:%D8%AF%D8%B1%DA%A9&page=%D8%AF_%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%DB%90_%DA%89%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%B1&id=287362&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="دې مخ ته د اخځ مالومات"><span>د دې مخ اخځ</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%8C:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fps.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D8%25AF_%25D9%2581%25D9%2584%25D8%25B3%25D9%2581%25DB%2590_%25DA%2589%25D8%25A7%25DA%25A9%25D8%25AA%25D8%25B1"><span>لنډ URL ترلاسه کړئ</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%8C:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fps.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D8%25AF_%25D9%2581%25D9%2584%25D8%25B3%25D9%2581%25DB%2590_%25DA%2589%25D8%25A7%25DA%25A9%25D8%25AA%25D8%25B1"><span>د QR کوډ يې ډاونلوډ کړئ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> چاپول/صادرول </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%8C:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%D8%AF+%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%DB%90+%DA%89%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%B1"><span>يو کتاب جوړول</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%8C:DownloadAsPdf&page=%D8%AF_%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%DB%90_%DA%89%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%B1&action=show-download-screen"><span>د PDF په بڼه ښکته کول</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AF_%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%DB%90_%DA%89%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%B1&printable=yes" title="د دې مخ چاپي بڼه [p]" accesskey="p"><span>چاپي بڼه</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> په نورو پروژو کې </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Doctor_of_Philosophy" hreflang="en"><span>ويکيمېډيا کامنز</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q752297" title="د نښلېدلي اومتوک زېرمتون توکي سره تړنه [g]" accesskey="g"><span>ويکي‌ډېټا توکی</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="ښکارېدونکې بڼه"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">ښکارېدونکې بڼه</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">څنګپټې ته ورسئ</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">پټول</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">د ويکيپېډيا، وړیا پوهنغونډ له خوا</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-rtl mw-parser-output" lang="ps" dir="rtl"><p><br /> د فلسفې رنځپوه (PhD، Ph.D.، یا DPhil؛ لاتین یې <i>philosophiae doctor یا doctor philosophiae)</i> تر ټولو لوړه علمي کچه ده چې له یوې تحصیلي دورې وروسته ورکول کېږي. د رنځپوه دغه درجه په ټولو علمي څانګو کې ورکول کېږي. له دې امله چې دا یوه ترلاسه کېدونې څېړنیزه درجه ده، هغه کسان چې د ذنځپوه ترلاسه کولو په موخه زده کړې کوي، اړ دي څو د اړوند علم پولې د یوې اصلي څېړنې په ترسره کولو سره پراخې کړي، چې په معمول ډول د تیزس یا پای لیک په ډول له خپلې څېړنې نه د اړوند علم د متخصصینو پر وړاندې دفاع کوي. د ډاکتر (PhD) بشپړول تر ډېره د پوهنتون د پروفیسور، څېړونکي او په بېلابېلو برخو کې د عالم په توګه د دندې ترلاسه کولو په موخه اړین دي.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>هغه کسان چې د یوه علم د فلسفې په برخه کې د ډاکتر درجه ترلاسه کوي، کېدای شي، په ګڼ شمېر قضايي برخو کې د ډاکتر (تر ډېره د "Dr" یا "Dr." اختصار) له خپل نوم سره وکاروي، په داسې حال کې چې له دغې ګټنې سره اړوند مناسب آداب کېدای شي د یوې علمي حوزې د حرفوي اخلاقو، کلتور او یا هم ټولنې تابع وي. هغه کسان چې په پوهنتون کې درس ورکوي او یا هم په علمي، روزنیزو او څېړنیزو برخو کې کار کوي، په معمول ډول په دغه لقب یادول کېږي.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۲<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۳<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>د ډاکتر د درجې ترلاسه کولو اړین شرایط په پام وړ ډول د هېوادونو، ښوونیزو بسټونو، او مهالیزې دورې له مخې د څېړنېزې درجې له پیلني پړاو نه تر عالي ډاکتر پورې توپیر لري. د دغې درجې د ترلاسه کولو په موخه د زده کړو پر مهال، محصل د ډاکتر د زده کوونکي او یا هم <i>PhD</i> د زده کوونکي په نامه یادېږي؛ هغه محصل چې ټولې روزنیزې دورې او پرمختللې ازموینې یې بشپړې کړې وي او په خپل پای لیک(تېزس )کار کوي، ځینې مهال ورته د ډاکتر نوماند یا د <i>PhD</i> نوماند ویل کېږي. هغه محصل چې دغې کچې ته رسېږي، کېدای شي د یو شمېر ښوونیزو بنسټونو له خوا ورته د <i>PhD</i> د نوماند سند ورکړل شي او یا هم د ډاکتر د ترلاسه کولو په لار کې ورته د ماسټرۍ سند ورکړل شي. ځینې مهال په ویل کېدوني ډول کې دغه کچې ته "PhD ABD" ویل کېږي چې معنا یې «هرڅه بشپړ یوازې له پای لیک پرته» ده.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۴<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>د PhD نوماند باید یوه داسې پروژه، تیزس او یا هم پای لیک وړاندې کړي چې د علمي څېړنې رېښه ولري او په یوه معتبره مجله کې د خپرېدو وړ وي. په ډېرو هېوادونو کې، نوماند باید له خپلو چارو نه د مختصصینو د هغه پلاوي په وړاندې چې د اړوند پوهنتون له خوا ټاکل کېږي، دفاع وکړي. پوهنتونونه ځینې مهال د PhD په خوا کې د ډاکتر یو شمېر نورې درجې هم ورکوي، لکه د موسیقي اجرا کوونکو ته د موسیقاري هنرونو ډاکتر (D.M.A.)، قانون پوهانو ته د قضايي علم ډاکتر (S.J.D.) او د ښوونې او روزنې په برخه کې د ښوونې او روزنې ډاکتر (Ed.D.).<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۵<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۶<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۷<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>په ۲۰۰۵ ز کال کې د اروپايي پوهنتونونو ټولنې، په بولونیا بهیر کې د ډاکتر د دریمې درجې (ډاکتر) لپاره د «سالزبرګ د اصولو» په نامه ۱۰ اساسي اصول تعریف کړل. له دې وروسته په ۲۰۱۶ ز کال کې د هنرونو د انستیوتونو اروپايي ټولنې د هنرونو په برخه کې د ډاکتر درجې لپاره د «فلورانس اصولو» په نامه اووه اساسي اصول رامنځته کړل چې د فلم او تلویزیون د ښوونځیو د نړیوالې ټولنې، د هنرونو، ډیزاین او رسنیو د کالجونو او پوهنتونونو د نړیوالې ټولنې او د هنري څېړنو د ټولنې له خوا د تايید وړ وګرځېدل. </p><p>د علم د فلسفې د ډاکتر او نورو اړوندو عنوانو لاندې درجو په برخه کې د «فلسفې» اصطلاح، د فلسفې علمي څانګې ته نه اړوندېږي او هغه په خپله پراخه معنا کې د خپلې اصلي یوناني معنا په توګه چې «د عقل سره مینه» ده کارول کېږي. د اروپا په ډېرو برخو کې، ټولې علمي څانګې (تاریخ، فلسفه، ټولنیز علوم، ریاضي او طبیعي فلسفه(طبیعي علوم) له الهیاتو، قانون او طبابت پرته (چې مسلکي، حرفوي او تخنیکي درسي مېتود لرونکي دي) په دودیزډول د فلسفې په توګه پېژندل کېږي،  په جرمني او د اروپا په نورو برخو کې د لیبرال هنرونو پوهنځی د «فلسفې پوهنځي» په توګه هم پېژندل کېږي.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۸<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="په_ټوله_نړۍ_کې_علمي_درجې"><span id=".D9.BE.D9.87_.D9.BC.D9.88.D9.84.D9.87_.D9.86.DA.93.DB.8D_.DA.A9.DB.90_.D8.B9.D9.84.D9.85.D9.8A_.D8.AF.D8.B1.D8.AC.DB.90"></span>په ټوله نړۍ کې علمي درجې</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AF_%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%DB%90_%DA%89%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%B1&action=edit&section=1" title="د سمولو برخه: په ټوله نړۍ کې علمي درجې"><span>سمول</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="متحده_ایالات"><span id=".D9.85.D8.AA.D8.AD.D8.AF.D9.87_.D8.A7.DB.8C.D8.A7.D9.84.D8.A7.D8.AA"></span>متحده ایالات</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AF_%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%DB%90_%DA%89%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%B1&action=edit&section=2" title="د سمولو برخه: متحده ایالات"><span>سمول</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>په متحده ایالاتو کې، د PhD درجه تر ټولو لوړه علمي درجه ده چې د پوهنتونونو له خوا په ګڼ شمېرعلمي څانګو کې ورکول کېږي. په متحده ایالاتو کې ۲۸۲ پوهنتونونه موجود دي، چې د PhD درجه ورکوي چې په دغو پوهنتونونو کې د شامل کېدو شرایط او د علمي پروګرامونو ستونزمن والی یې تر ډېره له یو بل سره توپیر لري. <sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۹<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۰<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="شرایط_(اړتیاوې)"><span id=".D8.B4.D8.B1.D8.A7.DB.8C.D8.B7_.28.D8.A7.DA.93.D8.AA.DB.8C.D8.A7.D9.88.DB.90.29"></span>شرایط (اړتیاوې)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AF_%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%DB%90_%DA%89%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%B1&action=edit&section=3" title="د سمولو برخه: شرایط (اړتیاوې)"><span>سمول</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>په معمول ډول، د PhD پروګرامونه له خپلو غوښتونکو نه په اړونده څانګه کې د لېسانس تر کچې زده کړې (د انساني علومو په ډېری څانګو کې، د ماسټري تر کچې زده کړې غواړي)، یو څه  لوړې نمرې، څو سپارښت لیکونه، په اړونده څانګه کې کاري تجربه، د زده کړو له څانګې سره د خپلې علاقې اړوند بیان لیک او د اړوندو پروګرامونو (لکه: GRE, GMAT) له مخې د لېسانس کچې اړوند کافي نمراتو ترلاسه کولو ته اړتیا لري.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۱<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۲<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="موده،_د_عمر_کچه_او_شمېرې_(متحده_ایالات)"><span id=".D9.85.D9.88.D8.AF.D9.87.D8.8C_.D8.AF_.D8.B9.D9.85.D8.B1_.DA.A9.DA.86.D9.87_.D8.A7.D9.88_.D8.B4.D9.85.DB.90.D8.B1.DB.90_.28.D9.85.D8.AA.D8.AD.D8.AF.D9.87_.D8.A7.DB.8C.D8.A7.D9.84.D8.A7.D8.AA.29"></span>موده، د عمر کچه او شمېرې (متحده ایالات)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AF_%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%DB%90_%DA%89%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%B1&action=edit&section=4" title="د سمولو برخه: موده، د عمر کچه او شمېرې (متحده ایالات)"><span>سمول</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>د PhD پروګرام بشپړول په معمول ډول، د زده کړو ځانګړې څانګې ته په پام له لېسانس زده کړو وروسته له څلورو کلونو نه تر اتو کلونو وخت نیسي، هغو محصلینو چې خپل PhD پروګرام یې د ماسټرۍ درجې له بشپړولو وروسته پیل کړي وي، کېدای شي په یو یا نږدې دووکلونو PhD ترلاسه کړي. له دې امله چې PhD پروګرامونه په معمول ډول د لېسانس زده کړو په څېر رسمي جوړښت نه لري، نو د دغې درجې د ترلاسه کولو په مهال کې په فردي ډول د پام وړ توپیرونه شتون لری. په ټولیز ډول ۵۷ سلنه زده کوونکي چې په متحده ایالاتو کې د PhD پروګرام پیلوي، د لسو کلونو په ترڅ کې خپله درجه ترلاسه کوي، نږدې ۳۰ سلنه پاتې راځي او یا هم اېستل کېږي او پاتې نور ۱۳ سلنه محصلین خپلې زده کړې له لسو کلونو نه په زیاته موده کې کوي.<sup id="cite_ref-usdoe_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usdoe-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۳<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۴<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>په متحده ایالاتو کې د PhD ترلاسه کولو لپاره په منځنۍ کچه عمر ۳۲ کاله دی. په داسې حال کې چې ډېری نوماندان خپله درجه د خپل عمر په دویمه لسیزه (۲۰-۳۰ کلنۍ) کې ترلاسه کوي، همدارنګه د PhD شپږ سلنه ترلاسه کوونکي له ۴۵ کلونو زیات عمر لري.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۵<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>د متحده ایالاتو د علومو د بنسټ د راغونډو شوو شمېرو له مخې له ۱۹۵۷ ز کال راهیسې په کلنۍ توګه د متحده ایالاتونو د پوهنتونو له خوا د ورکړل شویو PhD دیپلومونو شمېر زیاتوالی موندلی. په ۱۹۵۷ ز کال کې د متحده ایالاتو پوهنتونونو ۸۶۱۱؛ په ۱۹۶۷ ز کال کې ۲۰۴۰۳؛ په ۱۹۷۷ ز کال کې ۳۱۷۱۶، په ۱۹۸۷ ز کال کې ۳۲۳۶۵؛ په ۱۹۹۷ ز کال کې ۴۲۵۳۸؛ په ۲۰۰۷ ز کال کې ۴۸۱۳۳ او په ۲۰۱۵ ز کال ۵۵۰۰۶ د PhD دیپلومونه ورکړي.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۶<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۷<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="هند"><span id=".D9.87.D9.86.D8.AF"></span>هند</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AF_%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%DB%90_%DA%89%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%B1&action=edit&section=5" title="د سمولو برخه: هند"><span>سمول</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>په عمومي ډول، په هند کې د ډاکتر پروګرام ته د شاملېدو په موخه د ماسټرۍ سند لرل اړین دي.  له لیسانس نه وروسته په مستقیم ډول د PhD پروګرام ته شامل کېدل د هند د ټکنالوژۍ انستیتیوت، د هند د معلوماتي ټکنالوژۍ د انستیتیوت، د تکنالوژۍ د ملي انستیتیوت او د علمي او نوښتګرو څېړنو د اکاډمي له خوا وړاندې کېږي. په یو شمېر موضوعاتو کې، د فیلوشف یا د مرستیال څېړونکي په توګه د PhD درجې ترلاسه کولو په موخه د اړوند علم په فلسفه کې ماسټري (M.Phil.) اړینه ده.<sup id="cite_ref-Ugc.ac.in_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ugc.ac.in-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۸<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>په وروستیو څو کلونو کې، په هند کې PhD ته اړوندو قوانینو کې ګڼ شمېر بدلونونه رامنځته شوي دي. د UGC له خوا د نوو قوانینو له مخې، پوهنتونه باید د عمومي وړتیا او اړوندې څانګې په برخه کې د شاملېدو ازموینه واخلي. په دغه ازموینه کې له بریا وروسته شارت لیست شوي نوماندان اړ دي، څو د خپل سوپروایزرلارښود پر وړاندې مرکې ته حاضر شي. په بریالي ډول له دغه بهیر نه له وتو وروسته، محصل باید په پیل کې د خپل څېړنیز پروپوزل (کاري پلان یا طرحې) په اړه سیمینار ورکړي، د پرمختګ راپور ورکړي، له لېږلو وړاندې سیمنار ورکړي او په پای کې له خپل تیزس نه په شفاهي ډول په آزاده غونډه کې دفاع وکړي. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="سرچینې"><span id=".D8.B3.D8.B1.DA.86.DB.8C.D9.86.DB.90"></span>سرچینې</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AF_%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%DB%90_%DA%89%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%B1&action=edit&section=6" title="د سمولو برخه: سرچینې"><span>سمول</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r262776">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:12px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economist.com/christmas-specials/2010/12/16/the-disposable-academic">"The disposable academic"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Economist&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Economist (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">The Economist</a></i>. 16 December 2010. <a 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cs1">Hickey, Robert. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.formsofaddress.info/Doctorate.html">"How address the holder of a Doctorate"</a>. <i>FormsOfAddress.info</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200625215731/http://www.formsofaddress.info/Doctorate.html">Archived</a> from the original on 25 June 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. نه اخيستل شوی <span class="nowrap">2018-08-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FormsOfAddress.info&rft.atitle=How+address+the+holder+of+a+Doctorate&rft.aulast=Hickey&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.formsofaddress.info%2FDoctorate.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%AF+%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%DB%90+%DA%89%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%B1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://classroom.synonym.com/how-to-correctly-use-the-titles-dr-phd-with-a-name-12082451.html">"How to Correctly Use the Titles Dr. & PhD With a Name | Synonym"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180823105528/https://classroom.synonym.com/how-to-correctly-use-the-titles-dr-phd-with-a-name-12082451.html">Archived</a> from the original on 23 August 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. نه اخيستل شوی <span class="nowrap">2018-08-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=How+to+Correctly+Use+the+Titles+Dr.+%26+PhD+With+a+Name+%7C+Synonym&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fclassroom.synonym.com%2Fhow-to-correctly-use-the-titles-dr-phd-with-a-name-12082451.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%AF+%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%DB%90+%DA%89%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%B1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite id="CITEREFSchuman2014" class="citation news cs1">Schuman, Rebecca (2014-08-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.slate.com/articles/life/education/2014/08/abds_all_but_dissertation_ph_d_candidates_who_can_t_quite_finish.html">"ABD Company"</a>. <i>Slate</i>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AF_%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D9%86%DA%93%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%B4%D9%85%DB%90%D8%B1%D9%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="د تمديد نړيوال ستندرد شمېره (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1091-2339">1091-2339</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180831192619/http://www.slate.com/articles/life/education/2014/08/abds_all_but_dissertation_ph_d_candidates_who_can_t_quite_finish.html">Archived</a> from the original on 31 August 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. نه اخيستل شوی <span class="nowrap">2018-08-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Slate&rft.atitle=ABD+Company&rft.date=2014-08-01&rft.issn=1091-2339&rft.aulast=Schuman&rft.aufirst=Rebecca&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.slate.com%2Farticles%2Flife%2Feducation%2F2014%2F08%2Fabds_all_but_dissertation_ph_d_candidates_who_can_t_quite_finish.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%AF+%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%DB%90+%DA%89%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%B1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite id="CITEREFDinhamScott2001" class="citation journal cs1">Dinham, S.; Scott, C. 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"The Experience of Disseminating the Results of Doctoral Research". <i>Journal of Further and Higher Education</i>. <b>25</b>: 45–55. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%85%D9%8A%D8%B2_%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%90%DA%9A%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%8A_%D9%86%DA%9A%D9%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="څيز برېښنايي نښه (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F03098770020030498">10.1080/03098770020030498</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="سمانتیک اسکالر (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:146687739">146687739</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Further+and+Higher+Education&rft.atitle=The+Experience+of+Disseminating+the+Results+of+Doctoral+Research&rft.volume=25&rft.pages=45-55&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F03098770020030498&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A146687739%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Dinham&rft.aufirst=S.&rft.au=Scott%2C+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%AF+%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%DB%90+%DA%89%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%B1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite id="CITEREFKirsti_Koch_Christensen2005" class="citation web cs1">Kirsti Koch Christensen (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eua.be/eua/jsp/en/upload/Salzburg_Report_final.1129817011146.pdf">"BOLOGNA SEMINAR: DOCTORAL PROGRAMMES FOR THE EUROPEAN KNOWLEDGE SOCIETY"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. European Universities Association. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171011095904/http://eua.be/eua/jsp/en/upload/Salzburg_Report_final.1129817011146.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 11 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. نه اخيستل شوی <span class="nowrap">7 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BOLOGNA+SEMINAR%3A+DOCTORAL+PROGRAMMES+FOR+THE+EUROPEAN+KNOWLEDGE+SOCIETY&rft.pub=European+Universities+Association&rft.date=2005&rft.au=Kirsti+Koch+Christensen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feua.be%2Feua%2Fjsp%2Fen%2Fupload%2FSalzburg_Report_final.1129817011146.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%AF+%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%DB%90+%DA%89%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%B1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161221161920/http://www.elia-artschools.org/userfiles/File/customfiles/1-the-florence-principles20161124105336_20161202112511.pdf">"THE 'FLORENCE PRINCIPLES' ON THE DOCTORATE IN THE ARTS"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elia-artschools.org/userfiles/File/customfiles/1-the-florence-principles20161124105336_20161202112511.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 21 December 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. نه اخيستل شوی <span class="nowrap">21 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=THE+%27FLORENCE+PRINCIPLES%27+ON+THE+DOCTORATE+IN+THE+ARTS&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.elia-artschools.org%2Fuserfiles%2FFile%2Fcustomfiles%2F1-the-florence-principles20161124105336_20161202112511.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%AF+%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%DB%90+%DA%89%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%B1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite id="CITEREFChang2010" class="citation book cs1">Chang, Sooyoung (2010). <i>Academic Genealogy of Mathematicians</i>. World Scientific. p. 183. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%85%D9%8A%D8%B2_%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%90%DA%9A%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%8A_%D9%86%DA%9A%D9%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="څيز برېښنايي نښه (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1142%2F7420">10.1142/7420</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AF_%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D9%86%DA%93%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%B4%D9%85%DB%90%D8%B1%D9%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="د کتاب نړيوال ستندرد شمېره (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%8C:%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%B3%D8%B1%DA%86%D9%8A%D9%86%DB%90/978-981-4282-29-1" class="new" title="ځانگړی:کتاب سرچينې/978-981-4282-29-1 (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)"><bdi>978-981-4282-29-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Academic+Genealogy+of+Mathematicians&rft.pages=183&rft.pub=World+Scientific&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1142%2F7420&rft.isbn=978-981-4282-29-1&rft.aulast=Chang&rft.aufirst=Sooyoung&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%AF+%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%DB%90+%DA%89%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%B1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.carnegiefoundation.org/classifications/index.asp?key=63&search_flag=true&ref=783&start=783&BASIC2005=15">"Listing of Research I Universities"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carnegie_Foundation_for_the_Advancement_of_Teaching&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090904034342/http://www.carnegiefoundation.org/classifications/index.asp?key=63&search_flag=true&ref=783&start=783&BASIC2005=15">Archived</a> from the original on 4 September 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. نه اخيستل شوی <span class="nowrap">26 January</span> 2008</span>. <q>282 is the sum of all three categories of doctoral universities. Since some primarily undergraduate institutions also award the PhD, the number is greater than 282</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Carnegie+Foundation+for+the+Advancement+of+Teaching&rft.atitle=Listing+of+Research+I+Universities&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.carnegiefoundation.org%2Fclassifications%2Findex.asp%3Fkey%3D63%26search_flag%3Dtrue%26ref%3D783%26start%3D783%26BASIC2005%3D15&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%AF+%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%DB%90+%DA%89%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%B1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unesco.org/ulis/cgi-bin/ulis.pl?catno=211619&set=4F3F2872_2_352&database=gctd&gp=0&lin=1&ll=1">"Paragraph 262 International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED) 2011"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160210050348/http://www.unesco.org/ulis/cgi-bin/ulis.pl?catno=211619&set=4F3F2872_2_352&database=gctd&gp=0&lin=1&ll=1">Archived</a> from the original on 10 February 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. نه اخيستل شوی <span class="nowrap">18 February</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Paragraph+262+International+Standard+Classification+of+Education+%28ISCED%29+2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unesco.org%2Fulis%2Fcgi-bin%2Fulis.pl%3Fcatno%3D211619%26set%3D4F3F2872_2_352%26database%3Dgctd%26gp%3D0%26lin%3D1%26ll%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%AF+%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%DB%90+%DA%89%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%B1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100413174951/http://www.wharton.upenn.edu/doctoral/admissions/apply/requirements.cfm#scores">"Wharton Doctoral Programs: Application Requirements"</a>. Wharton.upenn.edu. 2009-12-15. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wharton.upenn.edu/doctoral/admissions/apply/requirements.cfm#scores">the original</a> on 13 April 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. نه اخيستل شوی <span class="nowrap">2010-04-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Wharton+Doctoral+Programs%3A+Application+Requirements&rft.pub=Wharton.upenn.edu&rft.date=2009-12-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wharton.upenn.edu%2Fdoctoral%2Fadmissions%2Fapply%2Frequirements.cfm%23scores&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%AF+%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%DB%90+%DA%89%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%B1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071019065016/http://www2.gsb.columbia.edu/doctoral/admissions">"Doctoral admissions"</a>. <i>Columbia University in the City of New York</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.gsb.columbia.edu/doctoral/admissions">the original</a> on 19 October 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Columbia+University+in+the+City+of+New+York&rft.atitle=Doctoral+admissions&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.gsb.columbia.edu%2Fdoctoral%2Fadmissions&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%AF+%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%DB%90+%DA%89%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%B1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-usdoe-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-usdoe_13-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070303214708/http://www.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ous/international/usnei/us/edlite-research-doctorate.html">"Research Doctorate Programmes"</a>. US Department of Education. 2006-06-18. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ous/international/usnei/us/edlite-research-doctorate.html">the original</a> on 2007-03-03.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Research+Doctorate+Programmes&rft.date=2006-06-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ed.gov%2Fabout%2Foffices%2Flist%2Fous%2Finternational%2Fusnei%2Fus%2Fedlite-research-doctorate.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%AF+%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%DB%90+%DA%89%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%B1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chronicle.com/article/in-humanities-10-years-may-not-be-enough-to-get-a-ph-d/">"In humanities, ten years may not be enough to get a Ph.D."</a> <i>The Chronicle of Higher Education</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201023010906/https://www.chronicle.com/article/in-humanities-10-years-may-not-be-enough-to-get-a-ph-d/">Archived</a> from the original on 23 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. نه اخيستل شوی <span class="nowrap">14 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Chronicle+of+Higher+Education&rft.atitle=In+humanities%2C+ten+years+may+not+be+enough+to+get+a+Ph.D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chronicle.com%2Farticle%2Fin-humanities-10-years-may-not-be-enough-to-get-a-ph-d%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%AF+%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%DB%90+%DA%89%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%B1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite id="CITEREFDance2017" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Dance, Amber (October 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/nj7675-289a">"Career change: It's never too late to switch"</a>. <i>Nature</i> (په انګليسي). <b>550</b> (7675): 289–291. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%85%D9%8A%D8%B2_%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%90%DA%9A%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%8A_%D9%86%DA%9A%D9%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="څيز برېښنايي نښه (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnj7675-289a">10.1038/nj7675-289a</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AF_%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D9%86%DA%93%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%B4%D9%85%DB%90%D8%B1%D9%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="د تمديد نړيوال ستندرد شمېره (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1476-4687">1476-4687</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201117034303/https://www.nature.com/articles/nj7675-289a">Archived</a> from the original on 17 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. نه اخيستل شوی <span class="nowrap">17 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Career+change%3A+It%27s+never+too+late+to+switch&rft.volume=550&rft.issue=7675&rft.pages=289-291&rft.date=2017-10&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fnj7675-289a&rft.issn=1476-4687&rft.aulast=Dance&rft.aufirst=Amber&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Farticles%2Fnj7675-289a&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%AF+%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%DB%90+%DA%89%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%B1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics. 2014. <i>Doctoral Recipients from U.S. Universities, 2012. Survey of Earned Doctorates</i>. Washington, DC: National Science Foundation</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnj7664-483b">"PHD programmes: Doctorate deluge"</a>. <i>Nature</i>. <b>547</b> (7664): 483. 2017. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%85%D9%8A%D8%B2_%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%90%DA%9A%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%8A_%D9%86%DA%9A%D9%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="څيز برېښنايي نښه (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">doi</a>:<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnj7664-483b">10.1038/nj7664-483b</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=PHD+programmes%3A+Doctorate+deluge&rft.volume=547&rft.issue=7664&rft.pages=483&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fnj7664-483b&rft_id=%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1038%252Fnj7664-483b&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%AF+%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%DB%90+%DA%89%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%B1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ugc.ac.in-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Ugc.ac.in_18-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ugc.ac.in/inside/net.html">"N E T, Inside H E, University Grants Commission"</a>. 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