CINXE.COM

Ronald Numbers — Wikipédia

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="fr" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Ronald Numbers — Wikipédia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )frwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t."," \t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","janvier","février","mars","avril","mai","juin","juillet","août","septembre","octobre","novembre","décembre"],"wgRequestId":"c8bb4f8d-df96-4305-bcca-d4025a6b9e9d","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Ronald_Numbers","wgTitle":"Ronald Numbers","wgCurRevisionId":222909199,"wgRevisionId":222909199,"wgArticleId":14076182,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Article contenant un appel à traduction en anglais","Article contenant un lien mort","Page utilisant P569","Page utilisant P570","Page utilisant P27","Page utilisant des données de Wikidata à traduire de l'anglais","Page utilisant P69","Page utilisant P106","Page utilisant P108","Page utilisant P463","Page utilisant P166","Article utilisant l'infobox Biographie2 avec la charte par défaut","Page utilisant P18","Article utilisant l'infobox Biographie2","Article utilisant une Infobox","Page utilisant P345","Page pointant vers des bases externes","Page pointant vers des bases relatives à l'audiovisuel","Article utilisant le modèle Dictionnaires inactif","Article de Wikipédia avec notice d'autorité","Article contenant un appel à traduction en allemand","Portail:Histoire des sciences/Articles liés","Portail:Sciences/Articles liés","Portail:Histoire/Articles liés","Portail:Religions et croyances/Articles liés","Wikipédia:Article biographique","Portail:Biographie/Articles liés/Culture et arts","Naissance en juin 1942","Étudiant de l'université de Californie à Berkeley","Professeur à l'université du Wisconsin à Madison","Historien des sciences","Historien américain du XXe siècle","Historien américain du XXIe siècle","Historien des religions","Agnosticisme","Charles Darwin","Lauréat de la médaille George-Sarton","Décès à 81 ans","Décès en juillet 2023"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"fr","wgPageContentLanguage":"fr","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Ronald_Numbers","wgRelevantArticleId":14076182,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"fr","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"fr"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":10000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q2165714","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false}; RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","site","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ArchiveLinks","ext.gadget.Wdsearch","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=fr&amp;modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&amp;only=styles&amp;skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=fr&amp;modules=startup&amp;only=scripts&amp;raw=1&amp;skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=fr&amp;modules=site.styles&amp;only=styles&amp;skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.19"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Ronald_Numbers%2C_HSS_2008.jpg/1200px-Ronald_Numbers%2C_HSS_2008.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1495"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Ronald_Numbers%2C_HSS_2008.jpg/800px-Ronald_Numbers%2C_HSS_2008.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="997"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Ronald_Numbers%2C_HSS_2008.jpg/640px-Ronald_Numbers%2C_HSS_2008.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="797"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Ronald Numbers — Wikipédia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//fr.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_Numbers"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Modifier" href="/w/index.php?title=Ronald_Numbers&amp;action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipédia (fr)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//fr.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_Numbers"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.fr"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Flux Atom de Wikipédia" href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Modifications_r%C3%A9centes&amp;feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Ronald_Numbers rootpage-Ronald_Numbers skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Aller au contenu</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Menu principal" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Menu principal" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Menu principal</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Menu principal</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">masquer</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Accueil_principal" title="Accueil général [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Accueil</span></a></li><li id="n-thema" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Accueil"><span>Portails thématiques</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Page_au_hasard" title="Affiche un article au hasard [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Article au hasard</span></a></li><li id="n-contact" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Contact"><span>Contact</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Pages_sp%C3%A9ciales"><span>Pages spéciales</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Contribuer" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Contribuer" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribuer </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-aboutwp" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Aide:D%C3%A9buter"><span>Débuter sur Wikipédia</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Aide:Accueil" title="Accès à l’aide"><span>Aide</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Accueil_de_la_communaut%C3%A9" title="À propos du projet, ce que vous pouvez faire, où trouver les informations"><span>Communauté</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Modifications_r%C3%A9centes" title="Liste des modifications récentes sur le wiki [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Modifications récentes</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Accueil_principal" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipédia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-fr.svg" style="width: 7.4375em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="l&#039;encyclopédie libre" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-fr.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Recherche" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Rechercher sur Wikipédia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Rechercher</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Rechercher sur Wikipédia" aria-label="Rechercher sur Wikipédia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Rechercher sur Wikipédia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Spécial:Recherche"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Rechercher</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Outils personnels"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Apparence"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Modifier l&#039;apparence de la taille, de la largeur et de la couleur de la police de la page" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Apparence" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Apparence</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&amp;wmf_medium=sidebar&amp;wmf_campaign=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=fr" class=""><span>Faire un don</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Cr%C3%A9er_un_compte&amp;returnto=Ronald+Numbers" title="Nous vous encourageons à créer un compte utilisateur et vous connecter ; ce n’est cependant pas obligatoire." class=""><span>Créer un compte</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Connexion&amp;returnto=Ronald+Numbers" title="Nous vous encourageons à vous connecter ; ce n’est cependant pas obligatoire. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Se connecter</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Plus d’options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Outils personnels" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Outils personnels</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menu utilisateur" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&amp;wmf_medium=sidebar&amp;wmf_campaign=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=fr"><span>Faire un don</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Cr%C3%A9er_un_compte&amp;returnto=Ronald+Numbers" title="Nous vous encourageons à créer un compte utilisateur et vous connecter ; ce n’est cependant pas obligatoire."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Créer un compte</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Connexion&amp;returnto=Ronald+Numbers" title="Nous vous encourageons à vous connecter ; ce n’est cependant pas obligatoire. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Se connecter</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages pour les contributeurs déconnectés <a href="/wiki/Aide:Premiers_pas" aria-label="En savoir plus sur la contribution"><span>en savoir plus</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Mes_contributions" title="Une liste des modifications effectuées depuis cette adresse IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Mes_discussions" title="La page de discussion pour les contributions depuis cette adresse IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Discussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Sommaire" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Sommaire</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">masquer</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Début</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Biographie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biographie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Biographie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biographie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Distinctions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Distinctions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Distinctions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Distinctions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Œuvres_majeures" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Œuvres_majeures"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Œuvres majeures</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Œuvres_majeures-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Œuvres majeures</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Œuvres_majeures-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Prophetess_of_Health" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prophetess_of_Health"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span><i>Prophetess of Health</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prophetess_of_Health-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Creationists" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Creationists"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span><i>The Creationists</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Creationists-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Galileo_Goes_to_Jail_and_Other_Myths_About_Science_and_Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Galileo_Goes_to_Jail_and_Other_Myths_About_Science_and_Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span><i>Galileo Goes to Jail and Other Myths About Science and Religion</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Galileo_Goes_to_Jail_and_Other_Myths_About_Science_and_Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Publications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Publications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Publications</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Publications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Références" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Références"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Références</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Références-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liens_externes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liens_externes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Liens externes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liens_externes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sommaire" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table des matières" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Basculer la table des matières" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Basculer la table des matières</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ronald Numbers</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Aller à un article dans une autre langue. Disponible en 7 langues." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-7" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">7 langues</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF" title="ارقام رونالد – arabe égyptien" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ارقام رونالد" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabe égyptien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_Numbers" title="Ronald Numbers – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ronald Numbers" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_Numbers" title="Ronald Numbers – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Ronald Numbers" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_L._Numbers" title="Ronald L. Numbers – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ronald L. Numbers" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%9C%D7%93_%D7%A0%D7%9E%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%A1" title="רונלד נמברס – hébreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רונלד נמברס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hébreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_Numbers" title="Ronald Numbers – indonésien" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ronald Numbers" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_L._Numbers" title="Ronald L. Numbers – italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ronald L. Numbers" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2165714#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifier les liens interlangues" class="wbc-editpage">Modifier les liens</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espaces de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Numbers" title="Voir le contenu de la page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discussion:Ronald_Numbers" rel="discussion" title="Discussion au sujet de cette page de contenu [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Modifier la variante de langue" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">français</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Affichages"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Numbers"><span>Lire</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ronald_Numbers&amp;veaction=edit" title="Modifier cette page [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifier</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ronald_Numbers&amp;action=edit" title="Modifier le wikicode de cette page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifier le code</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ronald_Numbers&amp;action=history" title="Historique des versions de cette page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Voir l’historique</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Outils de la page"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Outils" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Outils</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Outils</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">masquer</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Plus d’options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Numbers"><span>Lire</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ronald_Numbers&amp;veaction=edit" title="Modifier cette page [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifier</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ronald_Numbers&amp;action=edit" title="Modifier le wikicode de cette page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifier le code</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ronald_Numbers&amp;action=history"><span>Voir l’historique</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Général </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Pages_li%C3%A9es/Ronald_Numbers" title="Liste des pages liées qui pointent sur celle-ci [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pages liées</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Suivi_des_liens/Ronald_Numbers" rel="nofollow" title="Liste des modifications récentes des pages appelées par celle-ci [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Suivi des pages liées</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aide:Importer_un_fichier" title="Téléverser des fichiers [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Téléverser un fichier</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ronald_Numbers&amp;oldid=222909199" title="Adresse permanente de cette version de cette page"><span>Lien permanent</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ronald_Numbers&amp;action=info" title="Davantage d’informations sur cette page"><span>Informations sur la page</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Citer&amp;page=Ronald_Numbers&amp;id=222909199&amp;wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informations sur la manière de citer cette page"><span>Citer cette page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:UrlShortener&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FRonald_Numbers"><span>Obtenir l&#039;URL raccourcie</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:QrCode&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FRonald_Numbers"><span>Télécharger le code QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Imprimer / exporter </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Livre&amp;bookcmd=book_creator&amp;referer=Ronald+Numbers"><span>Créer un livre</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:DownloadAsPdf&amp;page=Ronald_Numbers&amp;action=show-download-screen"><span>Télécharger comme PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ronald_Numbers&amp;printable=yes" title="Version imprimable de cette page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Version imprimable</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dans d’autres projets </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2165714" title="Lien vers l’élément dans le dépôt de données connecté [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Élément Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Outils de la page"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Apparence"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Apparence</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">masquer</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Un article de Wikipédia, l&#039;encyclopédie libre.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"><div class="bandeau-container metadata homonymie hatnote"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Aide:Homonymie" title="Aide:Homonymie"><img alt="Page d’aide sur l’homonymie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/20px-Logo_disambig.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/30px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/40px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="375" /></a></span></div><div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p>Pour les articles homonymes, voir <a href="/wiki/Numbers" class="mw-disambig" title="Numbers">Numbers</a>. </p> </div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r222901683">.mw-parser-output .infobox hr{height:2px;background-color:#E1E1E1}.mw-parser-output .infobox_v3 .row1col{padding:4px;text-align:center;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:var(--color-emphasized,#000000)}</style><div class="infobox_v3 infobox infobox--frwiki noarchive large"><div class="entete defaut" style="background-color:#EEEEFF;color:#000000"><div>Ronald Numbers</div></div><div><div class="images" style="padding:2px 0"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Ronald_Numbers,_HSS_2008.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Ronald_Numbers%2C_HSS_2008.jpg/260px-Ronald_Numbers%2C_HSS_2008.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="324" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Ronald_Numbers%2C_HSS_2008.jpg/390px-Ronald_Numbers%2C_HSS_2008.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Ronald_Numbers%2C_HSS_2008.jpg/520px-Ronald_Numbers%2C_HSS_2008.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1652" data-file-height="2058" /></a></span></div></div><table><caption style="color:#000000;text-align:center;background-color:#EEEEFF">Biographie</caption><tbody><tr class=""><th scope="row">Naissance</th><td class=""><div> <span class="wd_p569"><time class="nowrap date-lien" datetime="1942-06-03" data-sort-value="1942-06-03"><a href="/wiki/3_juin" title="3 juin">3</a> <a href="/wiki/Juin_1942" title="Juin 1942">juin</a> <a href="/wiki/1942" title="1942">1942</a></time><span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165714?uselang=fr#P569" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span></div></td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row">Décès</th><td class=""><div> <span class="wd_p570"><time class="nowrap date-lien" datetime="2023-07-24" data-sort-value="2023-07-24"><a href="/wiki/24_juillet" title="24 juillet">24</a> <a href="/wiki/Juillet_2023" title="Juillet 2023">juillet</a> <a href="/wiki/2023" title="2023">2023</a></time><span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165714?uselang=fr#P570" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span> (à 81&#160;ans)</div></td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row">Nationalité</th><td class=""><div> <span class="wd_p27"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tats-Unis" title="États-Unis">américaine</a><span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165714?uselang=fr#P27" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span></div></td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row">Formation</th><td class=""><div> <span class="wd_p69">Southern Adventist University <small>(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Adventist_University" class="extiw" title="en:Southern Adventist University"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article sur Wikipédia en anglais">en</span></a>)</small> <small>(jusqu'en <time>1963</time>)</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_d%27%C3%89tat_de_Floride" title="Université d&#39;État de Floride">Université d'État de Floride</a> <small>(jusqu'en <time>1965</time>)</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_de_Californie_%C3%A0_Berkeley" title="Université de Californie à Berkeley">Université de Californie à Berkeley</a> (<a href="/wiki/Doctorat" title="Doctorat">doctorat</a>) <small>(<time>1969</time>)</small><span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165714?uselang=fr#P69" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span></div></td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row">Activités</th><td class=""><div> <span class="wd_p106"><a href="/wiki/Historien" title="Historien">Historien</a>, <a href="/wiki/Enseignement" title="Enseignement">professeur d'université</a><span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165714?uselang=fr#P106" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><table><caption style="color:#000000;text-align:center;background-color:#EEEEFF">Autres informations</caption><tbody><tr class=""><th scope="row">A travaillé pour</th><td class=""><div> <span class="wd_p108"><a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_du_Wisconsin_%C3%A0_Madison" title="Université du Wisconsin à Madison">Université du Wisconsin à Madison</a> <small>(<time>1974</time>-<wbr /><time>2013</time>)</small><br />Loma Linda University School of Public Health <small>(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loma_Linda_University_School_of_Public_Health" class="extiw" title="en:Loma Linda University School of Public Health"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article sur Wikipédia en anglais">en</span></a>)</small> <small>(<time>1970</time>-<wbr /><time>1974</time>)</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_Andrews" title="Université Andrews">Université Andrews</a> <small>(<time>1969</time>-<wbr /><time>1970</time>)</small><span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165714?uselang=fr#P108" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span></div></td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row">Membre de</th><td class=""><div> <span class="wd_p463"><a href="/wiki/Acad%C3%A9mie_am%C3%A9ricaine_des_arts_et_des_sciences" title="Académie américaine des arts et des sciences">Académie américaine des arts et des sciences</a><br />International Society for Science and Religion <small>(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Society_for_Science_and_Religion" class="extiw" title="en:International Society for Science and Religion"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article sur Wikipédia en anglais">en</span></a>)</small><span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165714?uselang=fr#P463" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span></div></td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row">Distinctions</th><td class=""><div> <span class="wd_p166"><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9daille_George-Sarton" title="Médaille George-Sarton">Médaille George-Sarton</a> <small>(<time>2008</time>)</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Bourse_Guggenheim" title="Bourse Guggenheim">Bourse Guggenheim</a><span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165714?uselang=fr#P166" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><p class="navbar noprint bordered navigation-not-searchable" style="border-top:1px solid#EEEEFF"><span class="plainlinks" style="text-align:left"><a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ronald_Numbers&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=0">modifier</a> - <a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ronald_Numbers&amp;action=edit&amp;section=0">modifier le code</a> - <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165714" class="extiw" title="d:Q2165714">modifier Wikidata</a></span><span style="text-align:right"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Infobox_Biographie2" title="Documentation du modèle"><img alt="Documentation du modèle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/12px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/18px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/24px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></span></p></div> <p><b>Ronald Leslie Numbers</b>, né le <time class="nowrap bday" datetime="1942-06-03" data-sort-value="1942-06-03">3 juin 1942</time> et mort le <time class="nowrap dday" datetime="2023-07-24" data-sort-value="2023-07-24">24 juillet 2023</time><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, est un <a href="/wiki/Histoire_des_sciences" title="Histoire des sciences">historien des sciences</a> américain, spécialiste d'histoire des sciences et de la religion. Il est connu comme historien et théoricien critique du <a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%A9ationnisme" title="Créationnisme">créationnisme</a> et du <a href="/wiki/Dessein_intelligent" title="Dessein intelligent">dessein intelligent</a> auxquels il a consacré plusieurs ouvrages. Il est professeur émérite de l'<a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_du_Wisconsin_%C3%A0_Madison" title="Université du Wisconsin à Madison">université du Wisconsin à Madison</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biographie">Biographie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ronald_Numbers&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Modifier la section : Biographie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ronald_Numbers&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Biographie"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ronald Numbers est le fils d'un pasteur <a href="/wiki/Fondamentalisme_chr%C3%A9tien" title="Fondamentalisme chrétien">fondamentaliste</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%89glise_adventiste_du_septi%C3%A8me_jour" title="Église adventiste du septième jour">adventiste du septième jour</a>, et a été élevé dans la religion et les écoles adventistes du septième jour jusqu'au collège<sup id="cite_ref-medal_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-medal-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Concernant les croyances religieuses, il se décrit comme <a href="/wiki/Agnosticisme" title="Agnosticisme">agnostique</a> et a écrit: «&#160;Je ne crois plus au créationnisme d'aucune sorte&#160;»<sup id="cite_ref-agnostic_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-agnostic-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Il est devenu un éminent érudit en histoire des sciences et de la religion et une autorité en histoire du <a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%A9ationnisme" title="Créationnisme">créationnisme</a> et de la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Science_de_la_cr%C3%A9ation&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Science de la création (page inexistante)">science de la création</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creation_science" class="extiw" title="en:Creation science"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Creation science&#160;»">(en)</span></a>. </p><p>Ronald Numbers a fait des études d'histoire, de mathématiques et de physique à la Southern Adventist University et à l'<a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_d%27%C3%89tat_de_Floride" title="Université d&#39;État de Floride">université d'État de Floride</a>. Il a obtenu son doctorat en <a href="/wiki/Histoire_des_sciences" title="Histoire des sciences">histoire des sciences</a> de l'<a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_de_Californie_%C3%A0_Berkeley" title="Université de Californie à Berkeley">université de Californie à Berkeley</a> en 1969<sup id="cite_ref-CV_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CV-4"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>4<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Il est professeur titulaire de la chaire Hilldale et <a href="/wiki/William_Coleman_(historien)" title="William Coleman (historien)">William Coleman</a> d'histoire des sciences et de la médecine à l'<a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_du_Wisconsin_%C3%A0_Madison" title="Université du Wisconsin à Madison">université du Wisconsin à Madison</a> jusqu'en 2013 et devient professeur émérite en 2013<sup id="cite_ref-CV_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CV-4"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>4<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. De 1989 à 1993, il a été rédacteur en chef d'<i><a href="/wiki/Isis_(revue)" title="Isis (revue)">Isis</a></i>, une revue internationale d'histoire des sciences. Avec <a href="/wiki/David_Lindberg" class="mw-redirect" title="David Lindberg">David Lindberg</a>, il a co-édité deux anthologies sur la <a href="/wiki/Relation_entre_science_et_religion" title="Relation entre science et religion">relation entre science et religion</a>. Également avec Lindberg, il édite actuellement les huit volumes de <i>Cambridge History of Science</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Distinctions">Distinctions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ronald_Numbers&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Modifier la section : Distinctions" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ronald_Numbers&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Distinctions"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Il a reçu en 2008 la <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9daille_George_Sarton" class="mw-redirect" title="Médaille George Sarton">médaille George Sarton</a> de la <a href="/wiki/History_of_Science_Society" title="History of Science Society">History of Science Society</a> pour «toute une vie de réalisations universitaires exceptionnelles par un éminent érudit»<sup id="cite_ref-medal_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-medal-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Il a été président de la <a href="/wiki/History_of_Science_Society" title="History of Science Society">History of Science Society</a> de 2000 à 2001. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Œuvres_majeures"><span id=".C5.92uvres_majeures"></span>Œuvres majeures</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ronald_Numbers&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Modifier la section : Œuvres majeures" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ronald_Numbers&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Œuvres majeures"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prophetess_of_Health"><i>Prophetess of Health</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ronald_Numbers&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Modifier la section : Prophetess of Health" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ronald_Numbers&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Prophetess of Health"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>En 1976, alors qu'il était encore chargé de cours à l'<a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_de_Loma_Linda" title="Université de Loma Linda">Université de Loma Linda</a>, il a publié le livre <i>Prophetess of Health</i>. Le livre traite de la relation entre la cofondatrice de l'Église adventiste du septième jour et prophétesse <a href="/wiki/Ellen_White" title="Ellen White">Ellen White</a> et les idées populaires sur la santé qui étaient à la mode dans certains cercles en Amérique juste avant l'époque où elle écrivait ses livres<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>5<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Creationists"><i>The Creationists</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ronald_Numbers&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5" title="Modifier la section : The Creationists" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ronald_Numbers&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Modifier le code source de la section : The Creationists"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>En 1992, il publie <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Creationists&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="The Creationists (page inexistante)">The Creationists</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Creationists" class="extiw" title="en:The Creationists"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;The Creationists&#160;»">(en)</span></a>: The Evolution of Scientific Creationism</i>, une histoire des origines de l'<a href="/wiki/Historique_des_critiques_des_th%C3%A9ories_de_l%27%C3%A9volution" class="mw-redirect" title="Historique des critiques des théories de l&#39;évolution">anti-évolutionnisme</a>. Il a été révisé et élargi en 2006, avec le sous-titre changé pour <i>From Scientific Creationism to Intelligent Desig</i> . Le livre a été décrit comme "probablement l'histoire la plus définitive de l'anti-évolutionnisme"<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>6<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Il a reçu des critiques généralement favorables de la part des universitaires et de la communauté religieuse<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>7<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. L'ancien <a href="/wiki/Archev%C3%AAque_d%27York" title="Archevêque d&#39;York">archevêque d'York</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Habgood" title="John Habgood">John Habgood</a> l'a décrit, dans un article du <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">Times</a></i>, comme une «&#160;histoire massivement bien documentée&#160;» qui «&#160;doit sûrement être l'étude définitive de la montée et de la croissance du&#160;» créationnisme<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>8<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Galileo_Goes_to_Jail_and_Other_Myths_About_Science_and_Religion"><i>Galileo Goes to Jail and Other Myths About Science and Religion</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ronald_Numbers&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=6" title="Modifier la section : Galileo Goes to Jail and Other Myths About Science and Religion" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ronald_Numbers&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Galileo Goes to Jail and Other Myths About Science and Religion"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>En 2009, il édite <i>Galileo Goes to Jail and Other Myths About Science and Religion</i>, livre qui se focalise sur des conceptions populaires erronées concernant les liens entre science et religion<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>9<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>10<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>11<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Entre autres choses, le travail cherche à démystifier diverses affirmations, telles que l'Église chrétienne médiévale supprimant la science, la culture arabe médiévale inhospitalière à la science, l'Église ayant émis une interdiction universelle de la dissection humaine au Moyen Âge, l'emprisonnement de <a href="/wiki/Galil%C3%A9e_(savant)" title="Galilée (savant)">Galilée</a> et le fait qu'il soit torturé pour avoir prôné le copernicanisme, ou que le créationnisme est un phénomène uniquement américain. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publications">Publications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ronald_Numbers&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=7" title="Modifier la section : Publications" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ronald_Numbers&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Publications"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>The Warfare Between Science and Religion: The Idea That Wouldn't Die</i>, (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2018) (sous la direction de Jeff Hardin, Ronald A. Binzley). <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-1421426181" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-1421426181"><span class="nowrap">978-1421426181</span></a>)</small></li> <li><i>Science and Religion Around the World</i>, (New York: Oxford University Press, 2011) (éd. avec John Hedley Brooke ). <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-195-32819-6" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-195-32819-6"><span class="nowrap">978-0-195-32819-6</span></a>)</small>.</li> <li><i>Wrestling with Nature: From Omens to Science</i>, (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2011) (éd. avec Peter Harrison et Michael H. Shank). <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/9780226317816" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/9780226317816"><span class="nowrap">9780226317816</span></a>)</small>.</li> <li><i>Galileo Goes to Jail, and Other Myths About Science and Religion</i> (éd. ) (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 2009). <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/0-674-03327-2" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/0-674-03327-2"><span class="nowrap">0-674-03327-2</span></a>)</small>.</li> <li><i>Prophetess of Health: A Study of Ellen G. White</i>, 3e éd. (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans Publishing, 2008).</li> <li><i>Science and Christianity in Pulpit and Pew</i>, (New York: Oxford University Press, 2007).</li> <li><i>The Creationists: From Scientific Creationism to Intelligent Design</i>, (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 2006) - version étendue de <i>The Creationists</i>, (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1992. Réimprimé par University of California Press, 1993.) <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-674-02339-0" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-674-02339-0"><span class="nowrap">978-0-674-02339-0</span></a>)</small></li> <li><i>When Science and Christianity Meet</i>, (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2003). ed. avec David C. Lindberg</li> <li><i>Disseminating Darwinism: The Role of Place, Race, Religion, and Gender</i>, (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999), éd. avec John Stenhouse.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books/about/Darwinism_Comes_to_America.html?id=drk3zykoEy4C"><i>Darwinisme Comes to America</i></a> . (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1998).</li> <li><i>God and Nature: Historical Essays on the Encounter Between Christianity and Science</i>, (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1986) éd. avec David C. Lindberg. <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-520-05538-4" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-520-05538-4"><span class="nowrap">978-0-520-05538-4</span></a>)</small>.</li> <li><i>Almost Persuaded: American Physicians and Compulsory Health Insurance, 1912-1920</i>. Baltimore, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1978.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Numbers2006"><span class="ouvrage" id="Ronald_Numbers2006"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Ronald <span class="nom_auteur">Numbers</span>, «&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.st-edmunds.cam.ac.uk/faraday/CIS/Numbers/Numbers_Lecture.pdf"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">Myths and Truths in Science and Religion: A historical perspective</cite></a>&#160;», <span class="italique">Lecture archive</span>, The Faraday Institute for Science and Religion, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2006-05-11" data-sort-value="2006-05-11">11 mai 2006</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-01-25" data-sort-value="2013-01-25">25 janvier 2013</time>)</small></span></span></li> <li><i>Wrestling with Nature: From Omens to Science</i>, avec <a href="/wiki/Peter_Harrison_(historien)" title="Peter Harrison (historien)">Peter Harrison</a> et Michael Shank, University of Chicago Press, 2011 <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-226-31783-0" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-226-31783-0"><span class="nowrap">978-0-226-31783-0</span></a>)</small>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="LindbergNumbers1986"><span class="ouvrage" id="David_C._LindbergRonald_L._Numbers1986"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <a href="/wiki/David_C._Lindberg" title="David C. Lindberg">David C. <span class="nom_auteur">Lindberg</span></a> et Ronald L. <span class="nom_auteur">Numbers</span>, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Beyond War and Peace: A Reappraisal of the Encounter between Christianity and Science</cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr>&#160;55, <span class="lang-en" lang="en">Cambridge University Press</span>, <time>1986</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">DOI</a>&#160;<span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3166822">10.2307/3166822</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a>&#160;<span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jstor.org/stable/3166822">3166822</a></span>)</small>, <abbr class="abbr" title="chapitre(s)">chap.</abbr>&#160;3, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr>&#160;<span class="nowrap">338–354</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Beyond+War+and+Peace%3A+A+Reappraisal+of+the+Encounter+between+Christianity+and+Science&amp;rft.pub=%3Cspan+class%3D%22lang-en%22+lang%3D%22en%22%3ECambridge+University+Press%3C%2Fspan%3E&amp;rft.aulast=Lindberg&amp;rft.aufirst=David+C.&amp;rft.au=Numbers%2C+Ronald+L.&amp;rft.date=1986&amp;rft.volume=55&amp;rft.pages=338%E2%80%93354&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3166822&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ARonald+Numbers"></span></span></span>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Références"><span id="R.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ronald_Numbers&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=8" title="Modifier la section : Références" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ronald_Numbers&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Références"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="font-size:85%; padding-left:1.6em; margin:0.3em 0;"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Cet article est partiellement ou en totalité issu de l’article de Wikipédia en anglais intitulé <span class="plainlinks">«&#160;<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_Numbers?oldid=1017394057">Ronald Numbers</a>&#160;» <small>(<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_Numbers?action=history">voir la liste des auteurs</a>)</small></span>.</div> <div class="references-small decimal" style=""><div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2023"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> «&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://spectrummagazine.org/news/2023/ronald-numbers-historian-science-and-ellen-white-dies-81"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">Ronald Numbers, Historian of Science and Ellen White, Dies at 81</cite></a>&#160;», <time class="nowrap" datetime="2023-07-25" data-sort-value="2023-07-25">25 juillet 2023</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2023-07-29" data-sort-value="2023-07-29">29 juillet 2023</time>)</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-medal-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-medal_2-0">a</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-medal_2-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="of_Science_Society"><span class="ouvrage" id="History_of_Science_Society">History of Science Society, <span class="noarchive">«&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hssonline.org/about/society_awards2008.html"><cite style="font-style:normal;">2008 Award Winners</cite></a>&#160;» <small class="plainlinks cachelinks">&#91;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090707081704/http://www.hssonline.org/about/society_awards2008.html">archive du <time class="nowrap" datetime="2009-07-07" data-sort-value="2009-07-07">7 juillet 2009</time></a>&#93;</small></span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2008-11-26" data-sort-value="2008-11-26">26 novembre 2008</time>)</small></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-agnostic-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-agnostic_3-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Voir l'introduction au livre de Ronald Number (page xvi): <i>The Creationists</i>. Voir aussi <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spectrummagazine.org/articles/spectrum_interview/2008/08/10/emprophetess_healthem_hits_shelves_again">Prophetess of Health Reappears</a>, une interview de Numbers par Alita Byrd dans <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spectrum_(magazine)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Spectrum (magazine) (page inexistante)">Spectrum</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrum_(magazine)" class="extiw" title="en:Spectrum (magazine)"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Spectrum (magazine)&#160;»">(en)</span></a></i>. Et <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://brainwaveweb.com/diavlogs/21107">Inside the Mind of a Creationist: Ron Numbers &amp; Paul Nelson in discussion</a> <span class="ouvrage" id="2010"><span class="noarchive">«&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101010060052/http://brainwaveweb.com/diavlogs/21107"><cite style="font-style:normal; color:var(--color-link-red, #d73333);">https://web.archive.org/web/20101010060052/http://brainwaveweb.com/diavlogs/21107</cite></a>&#160;»<sup class="plainlinks">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://web.archive.org/web/20101010060052/http://brainwaveweb.com/diavlogs/21107">Archive.org</a> • <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/?url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101010060052/http://brainwaveweb.com/diavlogs/21107">Wikiwix</a> • <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.is/https://web.archive.org/web/20101010060052/http://brainwaveweb.com/diavlogs/21107">Archive.is</a> • <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?hl=fr&amp;q=cache:https://web.archive.org/web/20101010060052/http://brainwaveweb.com/diavlogs/21107">Google</a> • <a href="/wiki/Projet:Correction_des_liens_externes#J&#39;ai_trouvé_un_lien_mort,_que_faire_?" title="Projet:Correction des liens externes">Que faire&#160;?</a>)</sup></span>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2010-10-10" data-sort-value="2010-10-10">10 octobre 2010</time></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CV-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CV_4-0">a</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-CV_4-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage">«&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://medhist.wisc.edu/faculty/numbers/cv.pdf"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Ronald L. Numbers — CV</cite></a>&#160;», sur <span class="italique">Department of Medical History and Bioethics, Université du Wisconsin à Madison</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2021-04-17" data-sort-value="2021-04-17">17 avril 2021</time>)</small></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Parmi les critiques et recensions&#160;: "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://whiteestate.org/issues/Prophetess-of-Health.pdf">A Critique of the Book Prophetess of Health</a>" by the official church <a href="/wiki/Ellen_G._White_Estate" title="Ellen G. White Estate">Ellen G. White Estate</a>; Glenn Vandervliet. <i><a href="/wiki/Isis_(journal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Isis (journal)">Isis</a></i> 69:1 (March 1978), p146–47. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/pss/230669">link</a>. Voir aussi les recensions dans <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spectrum_(magazine)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Spectrum (magazine) (page inexistante)">Spectrum</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrum_(magazine)" class="extiw" title="en:Spectrum (magazine)"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Spectrum (magazine)&#160;»">(en)</span></a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spectrummagazine.org/spectrum/issue/vol_8_no_2_jan_1977">8:2 (January 1977)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Steve Paulson, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.salon.com/books/int/2007/01/02/numbers/">"Seeing the light -- of science"</a>, Interview avec Ronald Numbers, <i><a href="/wiki/Salon.com" title="Salon.com">Salon.com</a></i>, 2 janvier 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Stephen_R._L._Clark" title="Stephen R. L. Clark">Stephen R. L. Clark</a>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_York_Times_Book_Review&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="New York Times Book Review (page inexistante)">New York Times Book Review</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Times_Book_Review" class="extiw" title="en:New York Times Book Review"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;New York Times Book Review&#160;»">(en)</span></a></i>, Jan. 10, 1993&#160;; Francis B. Harrold, <a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Science_Education" title="National Center for Science Education">National Center for Science Education</a>&#160;; J. David Hoeveler, Jr., <i>Science</i>&#160;; Roger Lewin, <i>Washington Post Book World</i>&#160;; James A. Mathisen, "Review, <i>The Creationists</i> and <i>When Time Shall Be No More</i>", <i>Sociology of Religion</i>, v.55, n.1, "Religious Experience" (Spring 1994), pp.&#160;94–97.&#160;; <i>Publishers Weekly</i>&#160;; James A. Gavan, Review, <i><a href="/wiki/American_Journal_of_Physical_Anthropology" title="American Journal of Physical Anthropology">American Journal of Physical Anthropology</a></i>, v.91, n.1, pp.&#160;135–136 (June 7, 2005) <small class="plainlinks noarchive"><a href="/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">DOI</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fajpa.1330910112">10.1002/ajpa.1330910112</a></small>&#160;; <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Republic" title="The New Republic">The New Republic</a></i>&#160;; <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Christian_Century&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="The Christian Century (page inexistante)">The Christian Century</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Christian_Century" class="extiw" title="en:The Christian Century"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;The Christian Century&#160;»">(en)</span></a></i>&#160;; pour l'édition de 2006, voir Alan Cane dans le <i><a href="/wiki/Financial_Times" title="Financial Times">Financial Times</a></i> et Pius Charles Murray dans <i><a href="/wiki/Library_Journal" title="Library Journal">Library Journal</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/the_tls/article4383951.ece">The creation of Creationism</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Habgood" title="John Habgood">John Habgood</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a>, July 23, 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage">«&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674057418"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Galileo Goes to Jail and Other Myths About Science and Religion — Ronald L. Numbers - Harvard University Press</cite></a>&#160;», <span class="italique">www.hup.harvard.edu</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Dixon2010">Dixon, «&#160;<cite style="font-style:normal">Galileo goes to jail and other myths about science and religion. Edited by Ronald L. Numbers. Pp. xiii+302. Cambridge, Ma.–London: Harvard University Press, 2009. £20.95. 978 0 674 03327 6</cite>&#160;», <i>The Journal of Ecclesiastical History</i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr>&#160;61, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr>&#160;4,&#8206; <time>2010</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr>&#160;<span class="nowrap">789–790</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">DOI</a>&#160;<span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0022046910001703">10.1017/S0022046910001703</a></span>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Galileo+goes+to+jail+and+other+myths+about+science+and+religion.+Edited+by+Ronald+L.+Numbers.+Pp.+xiii%2B302.+Cambridge%2C+Ma.%E2%80%93London%3A+Harvard+University+Press%2C+2009.+%C2%A320.95.+978+0+674+03327+6&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Ecclesiastical+History&amp;rft.issue=4&amp;rft.au=Dixon&amp;rft.date=2010&amp;rft.volume=61&amp;rft.pages=789%E2%80%93790&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0022046910001703&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ARonald+Numbers"></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Numbers2010"><span class="ouvrage" id="Ronald_L._Numbers2010"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Ronald L. <span class="nom_auteur">Numbers</span>, «&#160;<cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">Book Reviews - Galileo Goes to Jail and Other Myths About Science and Religion</cite>&#160;», <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/Isis_(revue)" title="Isis (revue)">Isis</a></span></i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr>&#160;101, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr>&#160;4,&#8206; <time class="nowrap" datetime="2010-12" data-sort-value="2010-12">décembre 2010</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">DOI</a>&#160;<span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1086/659668">10.1086/659668</a></span>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Book+Reviews+-+Galileo+Goes+to+Jail+and+Other+Myths+About+Science+and+Religion&amp;rft.jtitle=Isis&amp;rft.issue=4&amp;rft.aulast=Numbers&amp;rft.aufirst=Ronald+L.&amp;rft.date=2010-12&amp;rft.volume=101&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F659668&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ARonald+Numbers"></span></span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Liens_externes">Liens externes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ronald_Numbers&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=9" title="Modifier la section : Liens externes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ronald_Numbers&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Liens externes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><span class="liste-horizontale noarchive"><span class="wd_identifiers">Ressource relative à l'audiovisuel<span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165714?uselang=fr#identifiers" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span>&#160;: <ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=345&amp;url_prefix=https://www.imdb.com/&amp;id=nm3343138"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">IMDb</span></a></li> </ul></span> </li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><div class="liste-horizontale"><span class="wd_identifiers"><a href="/wiki/Autorit%C3%A9_(sciences_de_l%27information)" title="Autorité (sciences de l&#39;information)">Notices d'autorité</a><span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165714?uselang=fr#identifiers" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span>&#160;: <ul><li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://viaf.org/viaf/108581148">VIAF</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121470405">ISNI</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12046375f">BnF</a></span> (<span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12046375f">données</a></span>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.idref.fr/028677765">IdRef</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50023338">LCCN</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/124798241">GND</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/TO0V155709">Italie</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00472393">Japon</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA00842131?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&amp;authority_id=XX4791478">Espagne</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14272929">Belgique</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p068298137">Pays-Bas</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810635738505606">Pologne</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&amp;local_base=NLX10&amp;find_code=UID&amp;request=987007266025305171">Israël</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nukat.edu.pl/aut/n%20%2098034504">NUKAT</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058515399406706">Catalogne</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/495_319520">Vatican</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90213098">Norvège</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n50-023338">WorldCat</a></span></li> </ul></div></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/faithandreason/bio/num-frame.html">Articles sur PBS Evolution</a></li> <li><small>[entretien]</small> Steve Paulson, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.salon.com/books/int/2007/01/02/numbers/index_np.html">«&#160;Seeing the light -- of science&#160;»</a>, <i>Salon</i>, 2 janvier 2007.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-container" style="clear:both;"> <table class="navbox collapsible noprint autocollapse" style=""> <tbody><tr><th class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style=""><div style="float:left; width:6em; text-align:left"><div class="noprint plainlinks nowrap tnavbar" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-emphasized, #000000);"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Pr%C3%A9sidents_de_l%27History_of_Science_Society" title="Modèle:Palette Présidents de l&#39;History of Science Society"><abbr class="abbr" title="Voir ce modèle.">v</abbr></a>&#160;· <a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Pr%C3%A9sidents_de_l%27History_of_Science_Society&amp;action=edit"><abbr class="abbr" title="Modifier ce modèle. Merci de prévisualiser avant de sauvegarder.">m</abbr></a></div></div><div style="font-size:110%">Présidents de l'<a href="/wiki/History_of_Science_Society" title="History of Science Society">History of Science Society</a></div></th> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-list" style="text-align: center;;" colspan="2"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Joseph_Henderson" title="Lawrence Joseph Henderson">Lawrence Joseph Henderson</a> <small>(1924–1925)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Henry_Breasted" title="James Henry Breasted">James Henry Breasted</a> <small>(1926)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Eugene_Smith" title="David Eugene Smith">David Eugene Smith</a> <small>(1927)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Fahs_Smith" title="Edgar Fahs Smith">Edgar Fahs Smith</a> <small>(1928)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynn_Thorndike" title="Lynn Thorndike">Lynn Thorndike</a> <small>(1929)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Crew" title="Henry Crew">Henry Crew</a> <small>(1930)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Welch" title="William Welch">William Welch</a> <small>(1931)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berthold_Laufer" title="Berthold Laufer">Berthold Laufer</a> <small>(1932)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_McMurrich" title="James McMurrich">James McMurrich</a> <small>(1933)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvey_Cushing" title="Harvey Cushing">Harvey Cushing</a> <small>(1934)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_A._Browne" title="Charles A. Browne">Charles A. Browne</a> <small>(1935–1936)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chauncey_Leake" title="Chauncey Leake">Chauncey Leake</a> <small>(1937–1938)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Sigerist" title="Henry Sigerist">Henry Sigerist</a> <small>(1939)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Harrison_Shryock" title="Richard Harrison Shryock">Richard Shryock</a> <small>(1940–1942)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Karpinski" title="Louis Karpinski">Louis Karpinski</a> <small>(1943–1944)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah_Bowman" title="Isaiah Bowman">Isaiah Bowman</a> <small>(1944)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vilhjalmur_Stefansson" title="Vilhjalmur Stefansson">Vilhjalmur Stefansson</a> <small>(1945–1946)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Farquhar_Fulton" title="John Farquhar Fulton">John Farquhar Fulton</a> <small>(1947–1950)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harcourt_Brown" title="Harcourt Brown">Harcourt Brown</a> <small>(1951–1952)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Stimson" title="Dorothy Stimson">Dorothy Stimson</a> <small>(1953–1956)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Guerlac" title="Henry Guerlac">Henry Guerlac</a> <small>(1957–1960)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I._Bernard_Cohen" title="I. Bernard Cohen">I. Bernard Cohen</a> <small>(1961–1962)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Clagett" title="Marshall Clagett">Marshall Clagett</a> <small>(1963–1964)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Gillispie" title="Charles Gillispie">Charles Gillispie</a> <small>(1965–1966)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_D._O%27Malley" title="Charles D. O&#39;Malley">Charles D. O'Malley</a> <small>(1967–1968)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Kuhn" title="Thomas Kuhn">Thomas Samuel Kuhn</a> <small>(1969–1970)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynn_Townsend_White,_jr" title="Lynn Townsend White, jr">Lynn Townsend White, jr</a> <small>(1971–1972)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erwin_Hiebert" title="Erwin Hiebert">Erwin Hiebert</a> <small>(1973–1974)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_C._Greene" title="John C. Greene">John C. Greene</a> <small>(1975–1976)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Westfall" title="Richard Westfall">Richard Westfall</a> <small>(1977-1978)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Multhauf" title="Robert Multhauf">Robert Multhauf</a> <small>(1979–1980)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederic_L._Holmes" title="Frederic L. Holmes">Frederic L. Holmes</a> <small>(1981–1982)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Holton" title="Gerald Holton">Gerald Holton</a> <small>(1983–1984)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Grant" title="Edward Grant">Edward Grant</a> <small>(1985–1986)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Coleman_(historien)" title="William Coleman (historien)">William Coleman</a> <small>(1987)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Jo_Nye" title="Mary Jo Nye">Mary Jo Nye</a> <small>(1988–1989)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_G._Brush" title="Stephen G. Brush">Stephen G. Brush</a> <small>(1990–1991)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sally_Gregory_Kohlstedt" title="Sally Gregory Kohlstedt">Sally Gregory Kohlstedt</a> <small>(1992–1993)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_C._Lindberg" title="David C. Lindberg">David C. Lindberg</a> <small>(1994–1995)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Gregory_(historien)" title="Frederick Gregory (historien)">Frederick Gregory</a> <small>(1996–1997)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Van_Helden" title="Albert Van Helden">Albert Van Helden</a> <small>(1998–1999)</small></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ronald Numbers</a> <small>(2000–2001)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Servos" title="John Servos">John Servos</a> <small>(2002–2003)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Sokal" title="Michael Sokal">Michael Sokal</a> <small>(2004–2005)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_Cadden" title="Joan Cadden">Joan Cadden</a> <small>(2006–2007)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Maienschein" title="Jane Maienschein">Jane Maienschein</a> <small>(2008–2009)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Lawrence_Farber" title="Paul Lawrence Farber">Paul Lawrence Farber</a> <small>(2010–2011)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynn_Nyhart" title="Lynn Nyhart">Lynn Nyhart</a> <small>(2012–2013)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Creager" title="Angela Creager">Angela Creager</a> <small>(2014–2015)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janet_Browne" title="Janet Browne">Janet Browne</a> <small>(2016–2017)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Lightman" title="Bernard Lightman">Bernard Lightman</a> <small>(2017-2020)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Golinski" title="Jan Golinski">Jan Golinski</a> <small>(2020-)</small></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <table class="navbox collapsible noprint autocollapse" style=""> <tbody><tr><th class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style=""><div style="float:left; width:6em; text-align:left"><div class="noprint plainlinks nowrap tnavbar" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-emphasized, #000000);"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Laur%C3%A9ats_de_la_m%C3%A9daille_George_Sarton" title="Modèle:Palette Lauréats de la médaille George Sarton"><abbr class="abbr" title="Voir ce modèle.">v</abbr></a>&#160;· <a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Laur%C3%A9ats_de_la_m%C3%A9daille_George_Sarton&amp;action=edit"><abbr class="abbr" title="Modifier ce modèle. Merci de prévisualiser avant de sauvegarder.">m</abbr></a></div></div><div style="font-size:110%">Lauréats de la <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9daille_George-Sarton" title="Médaille George-Sarton">médaille George-Sarton</a></div></th> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-list" style="text-align: center;;" colspan="2"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><small>1955</small> <a href="/wiki/George_Sarton" title="George Sarton">George Sarton</a></li> <li><small>1956</small> <a href="/wiki/Charles_Singer" title="Charles Singer">Charles</a> et <a href="/wiki/Dorothea_Waley_Singer" title="Dorothea Waley Singer">Dorothea Waley Singer</a></li> <li><small>1957</small> <a href="/wiki/Lynn_Thorndike" title="Lynn Thorndike">Lynn Thorndike</a></li> <li><small>1958</small> <a href="/wiki/John_Farquhar_Fulton" title="John Farquhar Fulton">John F. Fulton</a></li> <li><small>1959</small> <a href="/wiki/Richard_Harrison_Shryock" title="Richard Harrison Shryock">Richard Shryock</a></li> <li><small>1960</small> <a href="/wiki/Owsei_Temkin" title="Owsei Temkin">Owsei Temkin</a></li> <li><small>1961</small> <a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Koyr%C3%A9" title="Alexandre Koyré">Alexandre Koyré</a></li> <li><small>1962</small> <a href="/wiki/Eduard_Jan_Dijksterhuis" title="Eduard Jan Dijksterhuis">E. J. Dijksterhuis</a></li> <li><small>1963</small> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vassili_Zoubov&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Vassili Zoubov (page inexistante)">Vassili Zoubov</a>&#160;<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wassili_Pawlowitsch_Subow" class="extiw" title="de:Wassili Pawlowitsch Subow"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en allemand&#160;: «&#160;Wassili Pawlowitsch Subow&#160;»">(de)</span></a></li> <li><small>1964</small> <small>Aucun</small></li> <li><small>1965</small> <a href="/w/index.php?title=J._R._Partington&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="J. R. Partington (page inexistante)">J. R. Partington</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._R._Partington" class="extiw" title="en:J. R. Partington"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;J. R. Partington&#160;»">(en)</span></a></li> <li><small>1966</small> <a href="/wiki/Anneliese_Maier" title="Anneliese Maier">Anneliese Maier</a></li> <li><small>1967</small> <small>Aucun</small></li> <li><small>1968</small> <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Needham" title="Joseph Needham">Joseph Needham</a></li> <li><small>1969</small> <a href="/wiki/Kurt_Vogel" title="Kurt Vogel">Kurt Vogel</a></li> <li><small>1970</small> <a href="/wiki/Walter_Pagel" title="Walter Pagel">Walter Pagel</a></li> <li><small>1971</small> <a href="/wiki/Willy_Hartner" title="Willy Hartner">Willy Hartner</a></li> <li><small>1972</small> <a href="/wiki/Yabuuchi_Kiyoshi" title="Yabuuchi Kiyoshi">Yabuuchi Kiyoshi</a></li> <li><small>1973</small> <a href="/wiki/Henry_Guerlac" title="Henry Guerlac">Henry Guerlac</a></li> <li><small>1974</small> <a href="/wiki/I._Bernard_Cohen" title="I. Bernard Cohen">I. Bernard Cohen</a></li> <li><small>1975</small> <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Taton" title="René Taton">René Taton</a></li> <li><small>1976</small> <a href="/wiki/Bern_Dibner" title="Bern Dibner">Bern Dibner</a></li> <li><small>1977</small> <a href="/wiki/Derek_T._Whiteside" class="mw-redirect" title="Derek T. Whiteside">Derek T. Whiteside</a></li> <li><small>1978</small> <a href="/wiki/Adolf_P._Youschkevitch" title="Adolf P. Youschkevitch">Adolf P. Youschkevitch</a></li> <li><small>1979</small> <a href="/wiki/Maria_Luisa_Righini_Bonelli" title="Maria Luisa Righini Bonelli">Maria Luisa Righini Bonelli</a></li> <li><small>1980</small> <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Clagett" title="Marshall Clagett">Marshall Clagett</a></li> <li><small>1981</small> <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Rupert_Hall" title="Alfred Rupert Hall">A. Rupert</a> et <a href="/wiki/Marie_Boas_Hall" title="Marie Boas Hall">Marie Boas Hall</a></li> <li><small>1982</small> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Kuhn" title="Thomas Kuhn">Thomas Samuel Kuhn</a></li> <li><small>1983</small> <a href="/wiki/Georges_Canguilhem" title="Georges Canguilhem">Georges Canguilhem</a></li> <li><small>1984</small> <a href="/wiki/Charles_Gillispie" title="Charles Gillispie">Charles Gillispie</a></li> <li><small>1985</small> <a href="/wiki/Paolo_Rossi_(philosophe)" title="Paolo Rossi (philosophe)">Paolo Rossi</a> et <a href="/wiki/Richard_Westfall" title="Richard Westfall">Richard Westfall</a></li> <li><small>1986</small> <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Mayr" title="Ernst Mayr">Ernst Mayr</a></li> <li><small>1987</small> <a href="/w/index.php?title=G.E.R._Lloyd&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="G.E.R. Lloyd (page inexistante)">G.E.R. Lloyd</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G.E.R._Lloyd" class="extiw" title="en:G.E.R. Lloyd"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;G.E.R. Lloyd&#160;»">(en)</span></a></li> <li><small>1988</small> <a href="/wiki/Stillman_Drake" title="Stillman Drake">Stillman Drake</a></li> <li><small>1989</small> <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Holton" title="Gerald Holton">Gerald Holton</a></li> <li><small>1990</small> <a href="/w/index.php?title=A._Hunter_Dupree&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="A. Hunter Dupree (page inexistante)">A. Hunter Dupree</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A._Hunter_Dupree" class="extiw" title="en:A. Hunter Dupree"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;A. Hunter Dupree&#160;»">(en)</span></a></li> <li><small>1991</small> <a href="/wiki/Mirko_Grmek" title="Mirko Grmek">Mirko Grmek</a></li> <li><small>1992</small> <a href="/wiki/Edward_Grant" title="Edward Grant">Edward Grant</a> et <a href="/w/index.php?title=George_A._van_Sande&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="George A. van Sande (page inexistante)">George A. van Sande</a></li> <li><small>1993</small> <a href="/wiki/John_L._Heilbron" title="John L. Heilbron">John L. Heilbron</a></li> <li><small>1994</small> <a href="/wiki/Allen_G._Debus" title="Allen G. Debus">Allen G. Debus</a></li> <li><small>1995</small> <a href="/wiki/Charles_Rosenberg" title="Charles Rosenberg">Charles Rosenberg</a></li> <li><small>1996</small> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Loren_Graham&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Loren Graham (page inexistante)">Loren Graham</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loren_Graham" class="extiw" title="en:Loren Graham"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Loren Graham&#160;»">(en)</span></a></li> <li><small>1997</small> <a href="/wiki/Betty_Jo_Teeter_Dobbs" title="Betty Jo Teeter Dobbs">Betty Jo Teeter Dobbs</a></li> <li><small>1998</small> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_L._Hankins&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas L. Hankins (page inexistante)">Thomas L. Hankins</a>&#160;<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_L._Hankins" class="extiw" title="de:Thomas L. Hankins"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en allemand&#160;: «&#160;Thomas L. Hankins&#160;»">(de)</span></a></li> <li><small>1999</small> <a href="/wiki/David_C._Lindberg" title="David C. Lindberg">David C. Lindberg</a></li> <li><small>2000</small> <a href="/wiki/Frederic_L._Holmes" title="Frederic L. Holmes">Frederic L. Holmes</a></li> <li><small>2001</small> <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Kevles" title="Daniel Kevles">Daniel Kevles</a></li> <li><small>2002</small> <a href="/wiki/John_C._Greene" title="John C. Greene">John C. Greene</a></li> <li><small>2003</small> <a href="/wiki/Nancy_Siraisi" title="Nancy Siraisi">Nancy Siraisi</a></li> <li><small>2004</small> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_E._Kohler&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert E. Kohler (page inexistante)">Robert E. Kohler</a>&#160;<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_E._Kohler" class="extiw" title="de:Robert E. Kohler"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en allemand&#160;: «&#160;Robert E. Kohler&#160;»">(de)</span></a></li> <li><small>2005</small> <a href="/wiki/Abdelhamid_I._Sabra" title="Abdelhamid I. Sabra">Abdelhamid I. Sabra</a></li> <li><small>2006</small> <a href="/wiki/Mary_Jo_Nye" title="Mary Jo Nye">Mary Jo Nye</a></li> <li><small>2007</small> <a href="/wiki/Martin_J._S._Rudwick" title="Martin J. S. Rudwick">Martin J. S. Rudwick</a></li> <li><small>2008</small> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ronald Numbers</a></li> <li><small>2009</small> <a href="/wiki/John_E._Murdoch" title="John E. Murdoch">John E. Murdoch</a></li> <li><small>2010</small> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_McVaugh&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael McVaugh (page inexistante)">Michael McVaugh</a>&#160;<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_McVaugh" class="extiw" title="de:Michael McVaugh"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en allemand&#160;: «&#160;Michael McVaugh&#160;»">(de)</span></a></li> <li><small>2011</small> <a href="/wiki/Robert_J._Richards" title="Robert J. Richards">Robert J. Richards</a></li> <li><small>2012</small> <a href="/wiki/Lorraine_Daston" title="Lorraine Daston">Lorraine Daston</a></li> <li><small>2013</small> <a href="/wiki/Simon_Schaffer" title="Simon Schaffer">Simon Schaffer</a></li> <li><small>2014</small> <a href="/wiki/Steven_Shapin" title="Steven Shapin">Steven Shapin</a></li> <li><small>2015</small> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Fox_(historien)" title="Robert Fox (historien)">Robert Fox</a></li> <li><small>2016</small> <a href="/wiki/Katharine_Park" title="Katharine Park">Katharine Park</a></li> <li><small>2017</small> <a href="/wiki/Garland_E._Allen" title="Garland E. Allen">Garland E. Allen</a></li> <li><small>2018</small> <a href="/wiki/Sally_Gregory_Kohlstedt" title="Sally Gregory Kohlstedt">Sally Gregory Kohlstedt</a></li> <li><small>2019</small> <a href="/wiki/M._Norton_Wise" title="M. Norton Wise">M. Norton Wise</a></li> <li><small>2020</small> <a href="/wiki/Jim_Bennett" title="Jim Bennett">Jim Bennett</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"><li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Histoire_des_sciences" title="Portail de l’histoire des sciences"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Science_history_icon.svg/37px-Science_history_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="37" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Science_history_icon.svg/56px-Science_history_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Science_history_icon.svg/74px-Science_history_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="260" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Histoire_des_sciences" title="Portail:Histoire des sciences">Portail de l’histoire des sciences</a></span> </span></li> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Religions_et_croyances" title="Portail des religions et croyances"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Religious_symbols.svg/24px-Religious_symbols.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Religious_symbols.svg/36px-Religious_symbols.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Religious_symbols.svg/48px-Religious_symbols.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Religions_et_croyances" title="Portail:Religions et croyances">Portail des religions et croyances</a></span> </span></li> </ul> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.eqiad.canary‐6b5746b994‐tjzb7 Cached time: 20250308134547 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.510 seconds Real time usage: 1.112 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1895/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 131104/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 23410/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 25/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 13648/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.361/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 7612057/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 17/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 758.143 1 -total 60.67% 459.928 1 Modèle:Infobox_Biographie2 13.73% 104.080 1 Modèle:Liens 4.75% 35.987 1 Modèle:Portail 4.20% 31.828 1 Modèle:Références 3.59% 27.188 1 Modèle:Palette 3.25% 24.673 5 Modèle:Lien_web 2.95% 22.338 1 Modèle:Voir_homonymes 2.82% 21.413 14 Modèle:Lien 2.78% 21.060 1 Modèle:Suivi_des_biographies --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key frwiki:pcache:14076182:|#|:idhash:canonical and timestamp 20250308134547 and revision id 222909199. Rendering was triggered because: unknown --> </div><!--esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> --><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&amp;type=1x1&amp;usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Ce document provient de «&#160;<a dir="ltr" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ronald_Numbers&amp;oldid=222909199">https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ronald_Numbers&amp;oldid=222909199</a>&#160;».</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Accueil" title="Catégorie:Accueil">Catégories</a> : <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Naissance_en_juin_1942" title="Catégorie:Naissance en juin 1942">Naissance en juin 1942</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:%C3%89tudiant_de_l%27universit%C3%A9_de_Californie_%C3%A0_Berkeley" title="Catégorie:Étudiant de l&#039;université de Californie à Berkeley">Étudiant de l&#039;université de Californie à Berkeley</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Professeur_%C3%A0_l%27universit%C3%A9_du_Wisconsin_%C3%A0_Madison" title="Catégorie:Professeur à l&#039;université du Wisconsin à Madison">Professeur à l&#039;université du Wisconsin à Madison</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Historien_des_sciences" title="Catégorie:Historien des sciences">Historien des sciences</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Historien_am%C3%A9ricain_du_XXe_si%C3%A8cle" title="Catégorie:Historien américain du XXe siècle">Historien américain du XXe siècle</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Historien_am%C3%A9ricain_du_XXIe_si%C3%A8cle" title="Catégorie:Historien américain du XXIe siècle">Historien américain du XXIe siècle</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Historien_des_religions" title="Catégorie:Historien des religions">Historien des religions</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Agnosticisme" title="Catégorie:Agnosticisme">Agnosticisme</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Charles_Darwin" title="Catégorie:Charles Darwin">Charles Darwin</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Laur%C3%A9at_de_la_m%C3%A9daille_George-Sarton" title="Catégorie:Lauréat de la médaille George-Sarton">Lauréat de la médaille George-Sarton</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:D%C3%A9c%C3%A8s_%C3%A0_81_ans" title="Catégorie:Décès à 81 ans">Décès à 81 ans</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:D%C3%A9c%C3%A8s_en_juillet_2023" title="Catégorie:Décès en juillet 2023">Décès en juillet 2023</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Catégories cachées : <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Article_contenant_un_appel_%C3%A0_traduction_en_anglais" title="Catégorie:Article contenant un appel à traduction en anglais">Article contenant un appel à traduction en anglais</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Article_contenant_un_lien_mort" title="Catégorie:Article contenant un lien mort">Article contenant un lien mort</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Page_utilisant_P569" title="Catégorie:Page utilisant P569">Page utilisant P569</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Page_utilisant_P570" title="Catégorie:Page utilisant P570">Page utilisant P570</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Page_utilisant_P27" title="Catégorie:Page utilisant P27">Page utilisant P27</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Page_utilisant_des_donn%C3%A9es_de_Wikidata_%C3%A0_traduire_de_l%27anglais" title="Catégorie:Page utilisant des données de Wikidata à traduire de l&#039;anglais">Page utilisant des données de Wikidata à traduire de l&#039;anglais</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Page_utilisant_P69" title="Catégorie:Page utilisant P69">Page utilisant P69</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Page_utilisant_P106" title="Catégorie:Page utilisant P106">Page utilisant P106</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Page_utilisant_P108" title="Catégorie:Page utilisant P108">Page utilisant P108</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Page_utilisant_P463" title="Catégorie:Page utilisant P463">Page utilisant P463</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Page_utilisant_P166" title="Catégorie:Page utilisant P166">Page utilisant P166</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Article_utilisant_l%27infobox_Biographie2_avec_la_charte_par_d%C3%A9faut" title="Catégorie:Article utilisant l&#039;infobox Biographie2 avec la charte par défaut">Article utilisant l&#039;infobox Biographie2 avec la charte par défaut</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Page_utilisant_P18" title="Catégorie:Page utilisant P18">Page utilisant P18</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Article_utilisant_l%27infobox_Biographie2" title="Catégorie:Article utilisant l&#039;infobox Biographie2">Article utilisant l&#039;infobox Biographie2</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Article_utilisant_une_Infobox" title="Catégorie:Article utilisant une Infobox">Article utilisant une Infobox</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Page_utilisant_P345" title="Catégorie:Page utilisant P345">Page utilisant P345</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Page_pointant_vers_des_bases_externes" title="Catégorie:Page pointant vers des bases externes">Page pointant vers des bases externes</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Page_pointant_vers_des_bases_relatives_%C3%A0_l%27audiovisuel" title="Catégorie:Page pointant vers des bases relatives à l&#039;audiovisuel">Page pointant vers des bases relatives à l&#039;audiovisuel</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Article_utilisant_le_mod%C3%A8le_Dictionnaires_inactif" title="Catégorie:Article utilisant le modèle Dictionnaires inactif">Article utilisant le modèle Dictionnaires inactif</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Article_de_Wikip%C3%A9dia_avec_notice_d%27autorit%C3%A9" title="Catégorie:Article de Wikipédia avec notice d&#039;autorité">Article de Wikipédia avec notice d&#039;autorité</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Article_contenant_un_appel_%C3%A0_traduction_en_allemand" title="Catégorie:Article contenant un appel à traduction en allemand">Article contenant un appel à traduction en allemand</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Portail:Histoire_des_sciences/Articles_li%C3%A9s" title="Catégorie:Portail:Histoire des sciences/Articles liés">Portail:Histoire des sciences/Articles liés</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Portail:Sciences/Articles_li%C3%A9s" title="Catégorie:Portail:Sciences/Articles liés">Portail:Sciences/Articles liés</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Portail:Histoire/Articles_li%C3%A9s" title="Catégorie:Portail:Histoire/Articles liés">Portail:Histoire/Articles liés</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Portail:Religions_et_croyances/Articles_li%C3%A9s" title="Catégorie:Portail:Religions et croyances/Articles liés">Portail:Religions et croyances/Articles liés</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Wikip%C3%A9dia:Article_biographique" title="Catégorie:Wikipédia:Article biographique">Wikipédia:Article biographique</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Portail:Biographie/Articles_li%C3%A9s/Culture_et_arts" title="Catégorie:Portail:Biographie/Articles liés/Culture et arts">Portail:Biographie/Articles liés/Culture et arts</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> La dernière modification de cette page a été faite le 11 février 2025 à 00:28.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright"><span style="white-space: normal"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Citation_et_r%C3%A9utilisation_du_contenu_de_Wikip%C3%A9dia" title="Wikipédia:Citation et réutilisation du contenu de Wikipédia">Droit d'auteur</a>&#160;: les textes sont disponibles sous <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.fr">licence Creative Commons attribution, partage dans les mêmes conditions</a>&#160;; d’autres conditions peuvent s’appliquer. Voyez les <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Policy:Terms_of_Use/fr">conditions d’utilisation</a> pour plus de détails, ainsi que les <a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Cr%C3%A9dits_graphiques" title="Wikipédia:Crédits graphiques">crédits graphiques</a>. En cas de réutilisation des textes de cette page, voyez <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Citer/Ronald_Numbers" title="Spécial:Citer/Ronald Numbers">comment citer les auteurs et mentionner la licence</a>.<br /> Wikipedia® est une marque déposée de la <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, organisation de bienfaisance régie par le paragraphe <a href="/wiki/501c" title="501c">501(c)(3)</a> du code fiscal des États-Unis.</span><br /></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy/fr">Politique de confidentialité</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:%C3%80_propos_de_Wikip%C3%A9dia">À propos de Wikipédia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Avertissements_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9raux">Avertissements</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipédia:Contact">Contact</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code de conduite</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Développeurs</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/fr.wikipedia.org">Statistiques</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Déclaration sur les témoins (cookies)</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//fr.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ronald_Numbers&amp;mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Version mobile</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" lang="en" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Rechercher</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Rechercher sur Wikipédia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Spécial:Recherche"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Rechercher</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Sommaire" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Basculer la table des matières" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Basculer la table des matières</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ronald Numbers</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>7 langues</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Ajouter un sujet</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.migration-5f74c5bcc9-lsrwc","wgBackendResponseTime":170,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.510","walltime":"1.112","ppvisitednodes":{"value":1895,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":131104,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":23410,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":13,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":25,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":13648,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":17,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 758.143 1 -total"," 60.67% 459.928 1 Modèle:Infobox_Biographie2"," 13.73% 104.080 1 Modèle:Liens"," 4.75% 35.987 1 Modèle:Portail"," 4.20% 31.828 1 Modèle:Références"," 3.59% 27.188 1 Modèle:Palette"," 3.25% 24.673 5 Modèle:Lien_web"," 2.95% 22.338 1 Modèle:Voir_homonymes"," 2.82% 21.413 14 Modèle:Lien"," 2.78% 21.060 1 Modèle:Suivi_des_biographies"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.361","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":7612057,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-ext.eqiad.canary-6b5746b994-tjzb7","timestamp":"20250308134547","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Ronald Numbers","url":"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ronald_Numbers","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q2165714","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q2165714","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributeurs aux projets Wikimedia"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Fondation Wikimedia, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2021-04-16T16:41:24Z","dateModified":"2025-02-10T23:28:17Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/d7\/Ronald_Numbers%2C_HSS_2008.jpg","headline":"historien des sciences am\u00e9ricain"}</script> </body> </html>

Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10