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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Importance_économique"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Importance économique</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Importance_économique-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Génétique" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Génétique"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Génétique</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Génétique-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Écologie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Écologie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Écologie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Écologie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Classification_et_taxonomie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Classification_et_taxonomie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Classification et taxonomie</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Classification_et_taxonomie-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Classification et taxonomie</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Classification_et_taxonomie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Liste_d'espèces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liste_d'espèces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Liste d'espèces</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liste_d'espèces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_et_références" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_et_références"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes et références</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes_et_références-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liens_externes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liens_externes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Liens externes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liens_externes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sommaire" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Basculer la table des matières" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Basculer la table des matières</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Avena</i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Aller à un article dans une autre langue. Disponible en 75 langues." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-75" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">75 langues</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avena_(chenero)" title="Avena (chenero) – aragonais" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Avena (chenero)" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%88%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%86_(%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%B3)" title="شوفان (جنس) – arabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="شوفان (جنس)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%88%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%86_(%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%B3_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AA)" title="شوفان (جنس من النباتات) – arabe égyptien" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="شوفان (جنس من النباتات)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabe égyptien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avena" title="Avena – asturien" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Avena" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yulaf" title="Yulaf – azerbaïdjanais" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Yulaf" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaïdjanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%81" title="یولاف – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="یولاف" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%91%D1%81" title="Авёс – biélorusse" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Авёс" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="biélorusse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%91%D1%81" title="Авёс – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Авёс" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81_(%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4)" title="Овес (род) – bulgare" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Овес (род)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avena" title="Avena – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Avena" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Сула – tchétchène" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Сула" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="tchétchène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avena" title="Avena – cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Avena" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oves" title="Oves – tchèque" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Oves" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tchèque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%93ws" title="Óws – kachoube" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Óws" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="kachoube" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%C4%95%D0%BB%C4%95" title="Сĕлĕ – tchouvache" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Сĕлĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tchouvache" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Havre" title="Havre – danois" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Havre" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafer" title="Hafer – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hafer" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wows" title="Wows – bas-sorabe" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Wows" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="bas-sorabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avena" title="Avena – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Avena" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aveno" title="Aveno – espéranto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Aveno" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="espéranto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avena" title="Avena – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Avena" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaer_(perekond)" title="Kaer (perekond) – estonien" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kaer (perekond)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avena" title="Avena – basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Avena" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A2%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7" title="گندمیان آونا – persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گندمیان آونا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaurat" title="Kaurat – finnois" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kaurat" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finnois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heewer" title="Heewer – frison septentrional" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Heewer" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frison septentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coirce_fi%C3%A1in" title="Coirce fiáin – irlandais" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Coirce fiáin" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avea" title="Avea – galicien" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Avea" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%91%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%AA-%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%9C_(%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%92)" title="שיבולת-שועל (סוג) – hébreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שיבולת-שועל (סוג)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hébreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zob" title="Zob – croate" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Zob" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wows" title="Wows – haut-sorabe" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Wows" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="haut-sorabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zab" title="Zab – hongrois" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Zab" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongrois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%AF" title="Վարսակ – arménien" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վարսակ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avena" title="Avena – indonésien" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Avena" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aveno" title="Aveno – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Aveno" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avena_(botanica)" title="Avena (botanica) – italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Avena (botanica)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%83%A9%E3%82%B9%E3%83%A0%E3%82%AE%E5%B1%9E" title="カラスムギ属 – japonais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="カラスムギ属" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A8%E1%83%95%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="შვრია – géorgien" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="შვრია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="géorgien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D2%B1%D0%BB%D1%8B" title="Сұлы – kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Сұлы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B7%80%EB%A6%AC%EC%86%8D" title="귀리속 – coréen" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="귀리속" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coréen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D3%A7%D1%80" title="Зӧр – komi-permiak" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Зӧр" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="komi-permiak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D3%A7%D1%80" title="Зӧр – komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Зӧр" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avena_(genus)" title="Avena (genus) – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Avena (genus)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D1%85%D1%8A%D0%B0" title="Нехъа – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Нехъа" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avi%C5%BEa" title="Aviža – lituanien" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Aviža" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituanien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auzas_(%C4%A3ints)" title="Auzas (ģints) – letton" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Auzas (ģints)" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81_(%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4)" title="Овес (род) – macédonien" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Овес (род)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macédonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D3%B9%D0%BB%D1%8C%D3%B9" title="Шӹльӹ – mari occidental" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Шӹльӹ" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="mari occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avena" title="Avena – malais" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Avena" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5" title="Пинеме – erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Пинеме" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avena" title="Avena – néerlandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Avena" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8B" title="Сысджы – ossète" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Сысджы" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossète" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owies" title="Owies – polonais" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Owies" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aveia" title="Aveia – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Aveia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Awina" title="Awina – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Awina" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avena" title="Avena – roumain" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Avena" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="roumain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B2%D1%91%D1%81" title="Овёс – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Овёс" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovos" title="Ovos – slovaque" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ovos" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avena" title="Avena – albanais" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Avena" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avena" title="Avena – serbe" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Avena" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avena" title="Avena – soundanais" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Avena" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="soundanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avena" title="Avena – suédois" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Avena" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suédois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BB%D3%A3" title="Сулӣ – tadjik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Сулӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadjik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BCle" title="Süle – turkmène" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Süle" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yulaf" title="Yulaf – turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yulaf" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8B_(%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3)" title="Солы (ыруг) – tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Солы (ыруг)" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Сула – touvain" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Сула" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="touvain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B7%D1%8C%D1%8B" title="Сезьы – oudmourte" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Сезьы" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="oudmourte" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Овес – ukrainien" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Овес" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avena_(bot%C3%A0nega)" title="Avena (botànega) – vénitien" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Avena (botànega)" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="vénitien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kagr" title="Kagr – vepse" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Kagr" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="vepse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avena" title="Avena – vietnamien" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Avena" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avena" title="Avena – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Avena" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%87%95%E9%BA%A6%E5%B1%9E" title="燕麦属 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="燕麦属" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%87%95%E9%BA%A5%E5%B1%AC" title="燕麥屬 – chinois" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="燕麥屬" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q146760#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifier les liens interlangues" class="wbc-editpage">Modifier les liens</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espaces de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Avena" title="Voir le contenu de la page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discussion:Avena" rel="discussion" title="Discussion au sujet de cette page de contenu [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Modifier la variante de langue" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">français</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Affichages"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Avena"><span>Lire</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Avena&veaction=edit" title="Modifier cette page [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifier</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Avena&action=edit" title="Modifier le wikicode de cette page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifier le code</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Avena&action=history" title="Historique des versions de cette page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Voir l’historique</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Outils de la page"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Outils" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Outils</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Outils</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">masquer</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Plus d’options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Avena"><span>Lire</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Avena&veaction=edit" title="Modifier cette page [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifier</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Avena&action=edit" title="Modifier le wikicode de cette page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifier le code</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Avena&action=history"><span>Voir l’historique</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Général </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Pages_li%C3%A9es/Avena" title="Liste des pages liées qui pointent sur celle-ci [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pages liées</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Suivi_des_liens/Avena" rel="nofollow" title="Liste des modifications récentes des pages appelées par celle-ci [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Suivi des pages liées</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Aide:Importer_un_fichier" title="Téléverser des fichiers [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Téléverser un fichier</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Pages_sp%C3%A9ciales" title="Liste de toutes les pages spéciales [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Pages spéciales</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Avena&oldid=207919879" title="Adresse permanente de cette version de cette page"><span>Lien permanent</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Avena&action=info" title="Davantage d’informations sur cette page"><span>Informations sur la page</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Citer&page=Avena&id=207919879&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informations sur la manière de citer cette page"><span>Citer cette page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAvena"><span>Obtenir l'URL raccourcie</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAvena"><span>Télécharger le code QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Imprimer / exporter </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Livre&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Avena"><span>Créer un livre</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:DownloadAsPdf&page=Avena&action=show-download-screen"><span>Télécharger comme PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Avena&printable=yes" title="Version imprimable de cette page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Version imprimable</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dans d’autres projets </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Avena" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-species mw-list-item"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Avena_Linnaeus" hreflang="en"><span>Wikispecies</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q146760" title="Lien vers l’élément dans le dépôt de données connecté [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Élément Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Outils de la page"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Apparence"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Apparence</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">masquer</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"><div class="bandeau-container metadata homonymie hatnote"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Aide:Homonymie" title="Aide:Homonymie"><img alt="Page d’aide sur l’homonymie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/20px-Logo_disambig.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/30px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/40px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="375" /></a></span></div><div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p>Pour les articles homonymes, voir <a href="/wiki/Avena_(homonymie)" class="mw-disambig" title="Avena (homonymie)">Avena (homonymie)</a>. </p> </div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r204255952">.mw-parser-output div.taxobox_v3{font-size:0.99em}.mw-parser-output div.taxobox_v3 .entete,.mw-parser-output .taxobox_v3 caption,.mw-parser-output .taxobox_v3 p.bloc{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .taxobox_v3 th{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output div.taxobox_v3.bordered th[scope=row],.mw-parser-output div.taxobox_v3.bordered td{padding-bottom:4px;border-top:1px solid #ededed}.mw-parser-output div.taxobox_v3.animal .entete{background-color:LightSalmon}.mw-parser-output .taxobox_v3.animal caption,.mw-parser-output .taxobox_v3.animal p.bloc{background-color:Bisque}.mw-parser-output div.taxobox_v3.plante 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p.bloc{background-color:#e6e6e6}.mw-parser-output div.taxobox_v3 .taxobox_classification{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.taxobox_v3 .taxobox_classification .rnormal,.mw-parser-output div.taxobox_v3.zoologie .taxobox_classification .normal,.mw-parser-output div.taxobox_v3 th[scope="row"]{font-style:normal}</style><div class="infobox_v3 infobox infobox--frwiki noarchive large taxobox_v3 plante bordered" style="width:20em"> <div class="entete" style=""> <div><i>Avena</i></div> </div><div class="images"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Illustration_Avena_sativa0.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Description de cette image, également commentée ci-après" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Illustration_Avena_sativa0.jpg/240px-Illustration_Avena_sativa0.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="394" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Illustration_Avena_sativa0.jpg/360px-Illustration_Avena_sativa0.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Illustration_Avena_sativa0.jpg/480px-Illustration_Avena_sativa0.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1462" data-file-height="2402" /></a></span> </div> <div class="legend"><a href="/wiki/Avoine_cultiv%C3%A9e" title="Avoine cultivée">Avoine cultivée</a> (<i>Avena sativa</i>)</div><table class="taxobox_classification"><caption style=""><a href="/wiki/Classification_APG_III" title="Classification APG III">Classification APG III (2009)</a></caption><tbody><tr> <th scope="row" style="width:8em;"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A8gne_(biologie)" title="Règne (biologie)">Règne</a></th> <td> <span class="normal"><a href="/wiki/Plante" title="Plante">Plantae</a></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:8em;"><a href="/wiki/Clade" title="Clade">Clade</a></th> <td> <span class="normal"><a href="/wiki/Angiospermes" class="mw-redirect" title="Angiospermes"><span style="font-style: normal">Angiospermes</span></a></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:8em;"><a href="/wiki/Clade" title="Clade">Clade</a></th> <td> <span class="normal"><a href="/wiki/Monocotyl%C3%A9dones" class="mw-redirect" title="Monocotylédones"><span style="font-style: normal">Monocotylédones</span></a></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:8em;"><a href="/wiki/Clade" title="Clade">Clade</a></th> <td> <span class="normal"><a href="/wiki/Commelinid%C3%A9es" title="Commelinidées"><span style="font-style: normal">Commelinidées</span></a></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:8em;"><a href="/wiki/Ordre_(biologie)" title="Ordre (biologie)">Ordre</a></th> <td> <span class="normal"><a href="/wiki/Poales" title="Poales">Poales</a></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:8em;"><a href="/wiki/Famille_(biologie)" title="Famille (biologie)">Famille</a></th> <td> <span class="normal"><a href="/wiki/Poaceae" title="Poaceae">Poaceae</a></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:8em;"><a href="/wiki/Sous-famille_(biologie)" title="Sous-famille (biologie)">Sous-famille</a></th> <td> <span class="normal"><a href="/wiki/Pooideae" title="Pooideae">Pooideae</a></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:8em;"><a href="/wiki/Super-tribu" class="mw-redirect" title="Super-tribu">Super-tribu</a></th> <td> <span class="normal"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poodae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Poodae (page inexistante)">Poodae</a></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:8em;"><a href="/wiki/Tribu_(biologie)" title="Tribu (biologie)">Tribu</a></th> <td> <span class="normal"><a href="/wiki/Poeae" title="Poeae">Poeae</a></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:8em;"><a href="/wiki/Sous-tribu" class="mw-redirect" title="Sous-tribu">Sous-tribu</a></th> <td> <span class="normal"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aveninae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aveninae (page inexistante)">Aveninae</a></span></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p class="bloc"><a href="/wiki/Genre_(biologie)" title="Genre (biologie)">Genre</a></p><div class="center taxobox_classification"><b><span style="font-style: normal"><i>Avena</i></span></b><br /><span class="rnormal"><small><b><a href="/wiki/Carl_von_Linn%C3%A9" title="Carl von Linné">L.</a>, <a href="/wiki/1753" title="1753">1753</a><sup id="cite_ref-Tropicos20_décembre_2017_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tropicos20_décembre_2017-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup></b></small></span></div> <p class="bloc"><a href="/wiki/Synonyme_(taxinomie)" title="Synonyme (taxinomie)">Synonymes</a></p> <ul><li><i>Anelytrum</i> Hack.</li> <li><i>Peissia</i> Opiz<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div> <p><i><b>Avena</b></i> est un <a href="/wiki/Genre_(biologie)" title="Genre (biologie)">genre</a> de <a href="/wiki/Plante" title="Plante">plantes</a> <a href="/wiki/Monocotyl%C3%A9done" title="Monocotylédone">monocotylédones</a> de la <a href="/wiki/Famille_(biologie)" title="Famille (biologie)">famille</a> des <i><a href="/wiki/Poaceae" title="Poaceae">Poaceae</a></i>, sous-famille des <i><a href="/wiki/Pooideae" title="Pooideae">Pooideae</a></i>. Ce genre comprend une trentaine d'<a href="/wiki/Esp%C3%A8ce" title="Espèce">espèces</a> originaires des régions tempérées de l'Ancien Monde (<a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asie_de_l%27Ouest" title="Asie de l'Ouest">Asie occidentale</a> et <a href="/wiki/Afrique_du_Nord" title="Afrique du Nord">Afrique du Nord</a>). Ce sont des <a href="/wiki/Plante_herbac%C3%A9e" title="Plante herbacée">plantes herbacées</a> <a href="/wiki/Plante_annuelle" title="Plante annuelle">annuelles</a> ou vivaces, <a href="/wiki/Cespiteux" title="Cespiteux">cespiteuses</a> ou décombantes, dont les tiges (<a href="/wiki/Chaume_(gramin%C3%A9e)" title="Chaume (graminée)">chaumes</a>), non ramifiées, peuvent atteindre de 20 à 200 cm de long. L'inflorescence est une <a href="/wiki/Panicule" title="Panicule">panicule</a> ouverte, lâche. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Caractéristiques_générales"><span id="Caract.C3.A9ristiques_g.C3.A9n.C3.A9rales"></span>Caractéristiques générales</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Avena&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifier la section : Caractéristiques générales" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Avena&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Caractéristiques générales"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Avena_nuda0.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Avena_nuda0.jpg/170px-Avena_nuda0.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Avena_nuda0.jpg/255px-Avena_nuda0.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Avena_nuda0.jpg/340px-Avena_nuda0.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption><i>Avena nuda</i>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Les plantes du genre <i>Avena</i> sont des <a href="/wiki/Plante_herbac%C3%A9e" title="Plante herbacée">plantes herbacées</a> <a href="/wiki/Plante_annuelle" title="Plante annuelle">annuelles</a> ou <a href="/wiki/Plante_vivace" title="Plante vivace">vivaces</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cespiteux" title="Cespiteux">cespiteuses</a> ou décombantes, dont les tiges (<a href="/wiki/Chaume_(gramin%C3%A9e)" title="Chaume (graminée)">chaumes</a>), aux entrenœuds creux, peuvent atteindre 2 mètres de long. Les feuilles ont un limbe linéaire, généralement plat mais parfois enroulé, plus ou moins large (de 1,5 à 20 mm de large selon les espèces), et présentent une ligule membraneuse de 1 à 7 mm de long<sup id="cite_ref-grass_genera_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grass_genera-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>L'inflorescence est une <a href="/wiki/Panicule" title="Panicule">panicule</a> ouverte, lâche. Le fruit est un <a href="/wiki/Caryopse" title="Caryopse">caryopse</a> de taille moyenne, comprimé dorsoventralement, présentant un sillon longitudinal, aux glumelles (lemme et paléole) adhérentes (avoines vêtues) ou libres (avoines nues), au hile linéaire long. L'embryon est petit, avec un épiblaste. L'<a href="/wiki/Albumen" title="Albumen">albumen</a> est dur, et contient des lipides et des grains d'amidon composés<sup id="cite_ref-grass_genera_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grass_genera-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Importance_économique"><span id="Importance_.C3.A9conomique"></span>Importance économique</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Avena&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifier la section : Importance économique" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Avena&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Importance économique"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>L'une des espèces, l'<a href="/wiki/Avoine_cultiv%C3%A9e" title="Avoine cultivée">avoine cultivée</a> (<i>Avena sativa</i>) est largement cultivée comme <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9r%C3%A9ale" title="Céréale">céréale</a> pour ses <a href="/wiki/Caryopse" title="Caryopse">grains</a> destinés à l'<a href="/wiki/Alimentation_animale" title="Alimentation animale">alimentation animale</a> (principalement) ou <a href="/wiki/Alimentation" title="Alimentation">humaine</a> ou pour la plante entière (avoine fourragère) pâturée ou récoltée sous forme de foin ou d'<a href="/wiki/Ensilage" title="Ensilage">ensilage</a>. C'est la sixième <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9r%C3%A9ale" title="Céréale">céréale</a> mondiale par le volume de production. </p><p>En fait sept espèces d'avoines ont été ou sont encore cultivées dans le monde : deux espèces hexaploïdes, <i>Avena sativa</i> L. et <i><a href="/wiki/Avena_byzantina" title="Avena byzantina">Avena byzantina</a></i> C Koch originaire de Grèce et du Moyen-Orient (ces deux espèces qui se distinguent seulement par des caractères morphologiques mineures sont souvent confondues par certains auteurs), une espèce tétraploïde, <i><a href="/wiki/Avena_abyssinica" title="Avena abyssinica">Avena abyssinica</a></i> Hoscht., cultivée en Éthiopie, et quatre espèces diploïdes, <i><a href="/wiki/Avena_strigosa" title="Avena strigosa">Avena strigosa</a></i> Schreb., <i><a href="/wiki/Avena_brevis" title="Avena brevis">Avena brevis</a></i> Roth., <i><a href="/wiki/Avena_hispanica" class="mw-redirect" title="Avena hispanica">Avena hispanica</a></i> Ard. et <i><a href="/wiki/Avena_nuda" title="Avena nuda">Avena nuda</a></i> L<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>4<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Plusieurs autres, notamment <i><a href="/wiki/Avena_fatua" class="mw-redirect" title="Avena fatua">Avena fatua</a></i>, et <i><a href="/wiki/Avena_sterilis" title="Avena sterilis">Avena sterilis</a></i>, sont des <a href="/wiki/Adventice" title="Adventice">mauvaises herbes</a>, adventices des cultures de céréales d'autant plus difficiles à combattre qu'elles sont proches des espèces cultivées et pour lesquelles il n'existe pas d'<a href="/wiki/Herbicide" title="Herbicide">herbicides</a> totalement sélectifs. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Génétique"><span id="G.C3.A9n.C3.A9tique"></span>Génétique</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Avena&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifier la section : Génétique" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Avena&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Génétique"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Le genre <i>Avena</i> présente une grande diversité <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9n%C3%A9tique" title="Génétique">génétique</a>, avec quatre types de <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9nome" title="Génome">génomes</a>, notés A, B, C et D, et trois niveaux de <a href="/wiki/Plo%C3%AFdie" title="Ploïdie">ploïdie</a> (avec un nombre chromosomique de base x=7) : diploïdes (2n = 2x = 14), tétraploïdes (2n = 4x = 28) et hexaploïdes (2n = 6x = 42)<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>5<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>6<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Il constitue un <a href="/wiki/Pool_g%C3%A9nique" title="Pool génique">pool génique</a> utile pour l'amélioration génétique de l'avoine cultivée. Ce pool génique est subdivisé en trois parties selon les possibilités de croisements interspécifiques : le pool génique primaire est constitué par <i>Avena sativa</i> et toutes les espèces hexaploïdes, le pool génique secondaire comprend deux espèces tétraploïdes <i><a href="/wiki/Avena_maroccana" title="Avena maroccana">Avena maroccana</a></i> et <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Avena_murphyi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Avena murphyi (page inexistante)">Avena murphyi</a></i>, le pool génique tertiaire comprend deux autres espèces tétraploïdes <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Avena_barbata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Avena barbata (page inexistante)">Avena barbata</a></i> et <i><a href="/wiki/Avena_macrostachya" class="mw-redirect" title="Avena macrostachya">Avena macrostachya</a></i>, et toutes les espèces diploïdes<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>7<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. L'avoine cultivée a un génome hexaploïde de type AACCDD (2n = 6x = 42)<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>8<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Écologie"><span id=".C3.89cologie"></span>Écologie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Avena&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifier la section : Écologie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Avena&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Écologie"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Les différentes espèces d'avoine, y compris celles cultivées, servent de nourriture aux <a href="/wiki/Larve" title="Larve">larves</a> de certaines espèces de <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9pidopt%C3%A8res" class="mw-redirect" title="Lépidoptères">lépidoptères</a>, dont la <a href="/wiki/Noctuelle_basilaire" class="mw-redirect" title="Noctuelle basilaire">Noctuelle basilaire</a> (<i>Apamea sordens</i>) et le C-noir (<i><a href="/wiki/Xestia_c-nigrum" title="Xestia c-nigrum">Xestia c-nigrum</a></i>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Classification_et_taxonomie">Classification et taxonomie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Avena&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifier la section : Classification et taxonomie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Avena&action=edit&section=5" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Classification et taxonomie"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Le genre <i>Avena</i> a été décrit pour la première fois par <a href="/wiki/Carl_von_Linn%C3%A9" title="Carl von Linné">Linné</a> et publié en <a href="/wiki/1753" title="1753">1753</a> dans son <i><a href="/wiki/Species_plantarum" title="Species plantarum">Species plantarum</a></i> (Sp. Pl. 1: 79. 1753)<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>9<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Linné avait à l'époque décrit quatre espèces : <i><a href="/wiki/Avena_sativa" class="mw-redirect" title="Avena sativa">Avena sativa</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Avena_fatua" class="mw-redirect" title="Avena fatua">Avena fatua</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Avena_sterilis" title="Avena sterilis">Avena sterilis</a></i> et <i><a href="/wiki/Avena_nuda" title="Avena nuda">Avena nuda</a></i>. En 1880, le botaniste russe, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Regel" title="Robert Regel">Regel</a>, établit une classification des espèces d'<i>Avena</i> basée sur la forme de l'extrémité de la lemme et du rachillet, la pubescence de la lemme et la désarticulation des fleurons. Ces traits sont encore les caractères-clés dans la classification du genre <i>Avena</i><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>10<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. D'autre classifications ont été proposées depuis, notamment celles de I. Malzev en 1930, la plus détaillée, qui proposait sept espèces, 22 sous-espèces et 184 variétés et <a href="/wiki/Forme_(botanique)" title="Forme (botanique)">formes</a>, regroupées en deux sous-sections, <i>Aristulatae</i> et <i>Denticulatae</i>, d'après la forme de l'apex de la lemme. Plus tard, G. Ladinzinsky et D. Zohary (1971) proposaient aussi sept espèces, mais dans des classifications plus récentes le nombre d'espèces augmentait jusqu'à 14 puis 34<sup id="cite_ref-Hornsey_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hornsey-11"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>11<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Selon la base de données <i><a href="/wiki/The_Plant_List" title="The Plant List">The Plant List</a></i>, 178 espèces rattachées au genre <i>Avena</i> ont été décrites, mais 22 seulement sont des espèces acceptées, 118 sont considérées comme des <a href="/wiki/Synonyme_(botanique)" class="mw-redirect" title="Synonyme (botanique)">synonymes</a> et 38 sont non-évaluées<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>12<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Liste_d'espèces"><span id="Liste_d.27esp.C3.A8ces"></span>Liste d'espèces</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Avena&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifier la section : Liste d'espèces" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Avena&action=edit&section=6" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Liste d'espèces"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Selon <i><a href="/wiki/The_Plant_List" title="The Plant List">The Plant List</a></i> <small>(20 décembre 2017)</small><sup id="cite_ref-ThePlantList_taxon20_décembre_2017_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ThePlantList_taxon20_décembre_2017-13"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>13<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> : </p> <div style="column-width:20em;column-gap:1em;" class="colonnes"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Avena_abyssinica" title="Avena abyssinica">Avena abyssinica</a></i> Hochst.</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Avena_aemulans&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Avena aemulans (page inexistante)">Avena aemulans</a></i> Nevski</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Avena_barbata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Avena barbata (page inexistante)">Avena barbata</a></i> Pott ex Link</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Avena_brevis" title="Avena brevis">Avena brevis</a></i> Roth</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Avena_byzantina" title="Avena byzantina">Avena byzantina</a></i> K.Koch</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Avena_chinensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Avena chinensis (page inexistante)">Avena chinensis</a></i> (Fisch. ex Roem. & Schult.) Metzg.</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Avena_clauda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Avena clauda (page inexistante)">Avena clauda</a></i> Durieu</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Avena_eriantha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Avena eriantha (page inexistante)">Avena eriantha</a></i> Durieu</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Avena_fatua" class="mw-redirect" title="Avena fatua">Avena fatua</a></i> L.</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Avena_haussknechtii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Avena haussknechtii (page inexistante)">Avena haussknechtii</a></i> Nevski</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Avena_longiglumis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Avena longiglumis (page inexistante)">Avena longiglumis</a></i> Durieu</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Avena_maroccana" title="Avena maroccana">Avena maroccana</a></i> Gand.</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Avena_murphyi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Avena murphyi (page inexistante)">Avena murphyi</a></i> Ladiz.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Avena_nuda" title="Avena nuda">Avena nuda</a></i> L.</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Avena_prostrata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Avena prostrata (page inexistante)">Avena prostrata</a></i> Ladiz.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Avena_sativa" class="mw-redirect" title="Avena sativa">Avena sativa</a></i> L.</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Avena_saxatilis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Avena saxatilis (page inexistante)">Avena saxatilis</a></i> (Lojac.) Rocha Afonso</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Avena_sterilis" title="Avena sterilis">Avena sterilis</a></i> L.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Avena_strigosa" title="Avena strigosa">Avena strigosa</a></i> Schreb.</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Avena_vaviloviana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Avena vaviloviana (page inexistante)">Avena vaviloviana</a></i> (Malzev) Mordv.</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Avena_ventricosa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Avena ventricosa (page inexistante)">Avena ventricosa</a></i> Balansa</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Avena_volgensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Avena volgensis (page inexistante)">Avena volgensis</a></i> (Vavilov) Nevski</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_et_références"><span id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Notes et références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Avena&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifier la section : Notes et références" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Avena&action=edit&section=7" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Notes et références"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small decimal" style=""><div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Tropicos20_décembre_2017-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-Tropicos20_décembre_2017_1-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="#Tropicos">Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden., consulté le 20 décembre 2017</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomygenus.aspx?id=1190"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en"><i>Genus: Avena L.</i></cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">Germplasm Resource Information Network (GRIN)</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2017-12-21" data-sort-value="2017-12-21">21 décembre 2017</time>)</small></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-grass_genera-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-grass_genera_3-0">a</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-grass_genera_3-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> L. Watson, T.D. Macfarlane et M.J. Dallwitz, « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://delta-intkey.com/grass/www/avena.htm"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en"><i>Avena</i> L.</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">The grass genera of the world</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2017-12-21" data-sort-value="2017-12-21">21 décembre 2017</time>)</small></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2000"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Kenneth F. Kiple, Kriemhild Coneè Ornelas, <cite class="italique" lang="en">The Cambridge World History of Food</cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="tome">t.</abbr> I, Cambridge University Press, <abbr class="abbr" title="collection">coll.</abbr> « Cambridge histories online », <time>2000</time>, 2153 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-521-40214-9" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-521-40214-9"><span class="nowrap">978-0-521-40214-9</span></a>)</small>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">121-124</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+World+History+of+Food&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.pages=121-124&rft.tpages=2153&rft.isbn=978-0-521-40214-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AAvena"></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2016"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Honghai Yan, Sara L. Martin, Wubishet A. Bekele, Robert G. Latta, Axel Diederichsen, Yuanying Peng, Nicholas A. Tinker, « <cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en"><i>Genome size variation in the genus Avena</i></cite> », <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Génome</span></i>, NRC Research Press, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 59, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr> 3,‎ <time>2016</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">209-220</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/10.1139/gen-2015-0132#.WjrTzDciFPY">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%27%27Genome+size+variation+in+the+genus+Avena%27%27&rft.jtitle=G%C3%A9nome&rft.issue=3&rft.date=2016&rft.volume=59&rft.pages=209-220&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nrcresearchpress.com%2Fdoi%2F10.1139%2Fgen-2015-0132%23.WjrTzDciFPY&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AAvena"></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="SinghKumar2016"><span class="ouvrage" id="Mohar_SinghSandeep_Kumar2016"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Mohar Singh et Sandeep Kumar, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Broadening the Genetic Base of Grain Cereals</cite>, Springer, <time>2016</time>, 275 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-81-322-3613-9" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-81-322-3613-9"><span class="nowrap">978-81-322-3613-9</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Je8QDQAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover">présentation en ligne</a>)</small>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr> 5<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Broadening+the+Genetic+Base+of+Grain+Cereals&rft.pub=Springer&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=Mohar&rft.au=Sandeep+Kumar&rft.date=2016&rft.pages=5&rft.tpages=275&rft.isbn=978-81-322-3613-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AAvena"></span></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Jugulam2017"><span class="ouvrage" id="Mithila_Jugulam2017"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Mithila Jugulam, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Biology, Physiology and Molecular Biology of Weeds</cite>, CRC Press, <time>2017</time>, 230 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-1-351-64735-9" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-1-351-64735-9"><span class="nowrap">978-1-351-64735-9</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hlAsDwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Biology%2C+Physiology+and+Molecular+Biology+of+Weeds&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft.aulast=Jugulam&rft.aufirst=Mithila&rft.date=2017&rft.tpages=230&rft.isbn=978-1-351-64735-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AAvena"></span></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="1994"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Jellen E.N., Philipps R.L.  ; Rines H.W., « <cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en"><i>Chromosomal localization and polymorphisms of ribosomal DNA in oat (Avena spp.)</i></cite> », <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Genome (Ottawa)</span></i>, National Research Council of Canada, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 37, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr> 1,‎ <time>1994</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">23-32</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18470058">résumé</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%27%27Chromosomal+localization+and+polymorphisms+of+ribosomal+DNA+in+oat+%28Avena+spp.%29%27%27&rft.jtitle=Genome+%28Ottawa%29&rft.issue=1&rft.date=1994&rft.volume=37&rft.pages=23-32&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AAvena"></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : italien">(it)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ipni.org/ipni/idPlantNameSearch.do?id=17560-1&back_page=%2Fipni%2FeditAdvPlantNameSearch.do%3Ffind_infragenus%3D%26find_isAPNIRecord%3Dtrue%26find_geoUnit%3D%26find_includePublicationAuthors%3Dtrue%26find_addedSince%3D%26find_family%3D%26find_genus%3Davena%26find_sortByFamily%3Dtrue%26find_isGCIRecord%3Dtrue%26find_infrafamily%3D%26find_rankToReturn%3Dall%26find_publicationTitle%3D%26find_authorAbbrev%3D%26find_infraspecies%3D%26find_includeBasionymAuthors%3Dtrue%26find_modifiedSince%3D%26find_isIKRecord%3Dtrue%26find_species%3D%26output_format%3Dnormal"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="it"><i>Poaceae Avena L.</i></cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">The International Plant Names Index (IPNI)</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2017-12-22" data-sort-value="2017-12-22">22 décembre 2017</time>)</small></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Loskutov"><span class="ouvrage" id="Igor_Loskutov"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Igor Loskutov, « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vir.nw.ru/avena/sys_app.htm"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en"><i>Systematical approaches to the genus Avena L.</i></cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">vir.nw.ru</span>, <a href="/wiki/Institut_Vavilov" title="Institut Vavilov">Institut Vavilov</a> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2017-12-22" data-sort-value="2017-12-22">22 décembre 2017</time>)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hornsey-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-Hornsey_11-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Hornsey2016"><span class="ouvrage" id="Ian_S._Hornsey2016"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Ian S. Hornsey, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Alcohol and its Role in the Evolution of Human Society</cite>, Royal Society of Chemistry, <time>2016</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-1-78262-625-1" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-1-78262-625-1"><span class="nowrap">978-1-78262-625-1</span></a>)</small>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">270-284</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Alcohol+and+its+Role+in+the+Evolution+of+Human+Society&rft.pub=Royal+Society+of+Chemistry&rft.aulast=Hornsey&rft.aufirst=Ian+S.&rft.date=2016&rft.pages=270-284&rft.isbn=978-1-78262-625-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AAvena"></span></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2013"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theplantlist.org/1.1/browse/A/Poaceae/Avena/"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en"><i>Avena</i></cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">www.theplantlist.org</span>, <time>2013</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2017-12-22" data-sort-value="2017-12-22">22 décembre 2017</time>)</small></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ThePlantList_taxon20_décembre_2017-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-ThePlantList_taxon20_décembre_2017_13-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="#ThePlantList_taxon"><i>The Plant List</i> (2013). Version 1.1. Published on the Internet; http://www.theplantlist.org/, consulté le 20 décembre 2017</a></span> </li> </ol></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Liens_externes">Liens externes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Avena&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifier la section : Liens externes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Avena&action=edit&section=8" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Liens externes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r194021218">.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>.titre{text-align:center;margin:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li{list-style:none;margin:0.2em 0;text-indent:0;padding-left:24px;min-height:20px;text-align:left;display:block}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li>a{font-style:italic}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .autres-projets{float:none}}</style><div class="autres-projets boite-grise boite-a-droite noprint js-interprojets"> <p class="titre">Sur les autres projets Wikimedia :</p> <ul class="noarchive plainlinks"> <li class="commons"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Avena?uselang=fr">Avena</a>, sur <span class="project">Wikimedia Commons</span></li><li class="wikispecies"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Avena" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Avena">Avena</a>, <span class="nowrap">sur <span class="project">Wikispecies</span></span></li> </ul> </div> <ul><li><span class="ouvrage" id="EFloras"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Référence <i><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_China" title="Flora of China">Flora of China</a></i> : <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=103247"><i>Avena</i> </a> <small>(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2017-12-20" data-sort-value="2017-12-20">20 décembre 2017</time>)</small></span></li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="EFloras"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Référence <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efloras.org/flora_page.aspx?flora_id=5">Flora of Pakistan</a></i> : <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=5&taxon_id=103247"><i>Avena</i> </a> <small>(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2017-12-20" data-sort-value="2017-12-20">20 décembre 2017</time>)</small></span></li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="EFloras"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Référence <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efloras.org/flora_page.aspx?flora_id=11">Flora of Missouri</a></i> : <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=11&taxon_id=103247"><i>Avena</i> </a> <small>(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2017-12-20" data-sort-value="2017-12-20">20 décembre 2017</time>)</small></span></li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="BioLib"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Référence <i><a href="/wiki/BioLib" title="BioLib">BioLib</a></i> : <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id42554/"><i>Avena</i> L.</a></span></li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="CatalogueofLife"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Référence <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">Catalogue of Life</a></span></i> : <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/8VVDD"><i>Avena</i> L.</a> <small>(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2023-03-30" data-sort-value="2023-03-30">30 mars 2023</time>)</small></span></li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Kew_liste"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Référence <a href="/wiki/World_Checklist_of_Selected_Plant_Families" title="World Checklist of Selected Plant Families"><i>World Checklist of Selected Plant Families</i> (WCSP)</a> : <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://powo.science.kew.org/results?q=Avena">nv </a> <small>(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2017-12-20" data-sort-value="2017-12-20">20 décembre 2017</time>)</small></span></li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="NCBI"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Référence <i><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a></i> : <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=4496"><i>Avena</i></a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?lin=s&p=has_linkout&id=4496">taxons inclus</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Tela-métro"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : français">(fr)</abbr> Référence <i><a href="/wiki/Tela_Botanica" title="Tela Botanica">Tela Botanica</a></i> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tela-botanica.org/page:eflore">France métro</a>) : <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tela-botanica.org/bdtfx-nn-85966"><i>Avena</i> L.</a></span></li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="ThePlantList_taxon"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Référence <i><a href="/wiki/The_Plant_List" title="The Plant List">The Plant List</a></i> : <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theplantlist.org/1.1/browse/A/Poaceae/Avena"><i>Avena</i> </a> <small>(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2017-12-20" data-sort-value="2017-12-20">20 décembre 2017</time>)</small></span></li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Tropicos"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Référence <i><a href="/wiki/Tropicos" title="Tropicos">Tropicos</a></i> : <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tropicos.org/name/40023225"><i>Avena</i> L.</a> <small> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tropicos.org/NameSubordinateTaxa.aspx?nameid=40023225">+ liste sous-taxons</a>)</small> <small>(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2017-12-20" data-sort-value="2017-12-20">20 décembre 2017</time>)</small></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-container" style="clear:both;"> <table class="navbox collapsible noprint autocollapse" style=""> <tbody><tr><th class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style=""><div style="float:left; width:6em; text-align:left"><div class="noprint plainlinks nowrap tnavbar" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-emphasized, #000000);"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_C%C3%A9r%C3%A9ales" title="Modèle:Palette Céréales"><abbr class="abbr" title="Voir ce modèle.">v</abbr></a> · <a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_C%C3%A9r%C3%A9ales&action=edit"><abbr class="abbr" title="Modifier ce modèle. Merci de prévisualiser avant de sauvegarder.">m</abbr></a></div></div><div style="font-size:110%"><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9r%C3%A9ale" title="Céréale">Céréales</a> et <a href="/wiki/Pseudo-c%C3%A9r%C3%A9ale" title="Pseudo-céréale">pseudo-céréales</a></div></th> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Céréales</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agropyre_interm%C3%A9diaire" title="Agropyre intermédiaire">Agropyre intermédiaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpiste_des_Canaries" title="Alpiste des Canaries">Alpiste</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Avena</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avoine_cultiv%C3%A9e" title="Avoine cultivée">Avoine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avena_nuda" title="Avena nuda">Avoine nue</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bl%C3%A9" title="Blé">Blés</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amidonnier" title="Amidonnier">Amidonnier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amidonnier_sauvage" title="Amidonnier sauvage">Amidonnier sauvage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bl%C3%A9_dur" title="Blé dur">Blé dur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bl%C3%A9_tendre" title="Blé tendre">Blé tendre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bl%C3%A9_khorasan" title="Blé khorasan">Blé khorasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triticum_aestivum_subsp._sphaerococcum" title="Triticum aestivum subsp. sphaerococcum">Blé indien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bl%C3%A9_Norin_10" title="Blé Norin 10">Blé Norin 10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timilia" title="Timilia">Timilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bl%C3%A9_poulard" title="Blé poulard">Blé poulard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engrain" title="Engrain">Engrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triticum_boeoticum" title="Triticum boeoticum">Engrain sauvage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89peautre" title="Épeautre">Épeautre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89peautre_vert" title="Épeautre vert">Épeautre vert</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coix" title="Coix">Coix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coix_lacryma-jobi" title="Coix lacryma-jobi">Larme-de-Job</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digitaria" title="Digitaria">Digitaires céréalières</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digitaria_sanguinalis" title="Digitaria sanguinalis">Digitaire sanguine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fonio_blanc" title="Fonio blanc">Fonio blanc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fonio_noir" title="Fonio noir">Fonio noir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digitaria_cruciata" title="Digitaria cruciata">Raishan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Echinochloa" title="Echinochloa">Echinochloa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Echinochloa_frumentacea" title="Echinochloa frumentacea">Pied-de-coq cultivé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Echinochloa_frumentacea" title="Echinochloa frumentacea">Millet japonais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Echinochloa_stagnina" title="Echinochloa stagnina">Pied-de-coq du Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Echinochloa_stagnina" title="Echinochloa stagnina">Borgou</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89leusine" title="Éleusine">Éleusine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%C3%AFs" title="Maïs">Maïs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ma%C3%AFs_doux" title="Maïs doux">Doux</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9teil" title="Méteil">Méteil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millet_(gramin%C3%A9e)" title="Millet (graminée)">Millets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mil_(c%C3%A9r%C3%A9ale)" title="Mil (céréale)">Mils</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mil_%C3%A0_chandelle" title="Mil à chandelle">Mil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millet_commun" title="Millet commun">Millet commun</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hordeum" title="Hordeum">Orges</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Escourgeon" title="Escourgeon">Escourgeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orge_commune" title="Orge commune">Orge commune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orge_des_rats" title="Orge des rats">Orge des rats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orge_du_Tibet" title="Orge du Tibet">Orge du Tibet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orge_hybride" title="Orge hybride">Orge hybride</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riz" title="Riz">Riz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secale" title="Secale">Secale</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seigle" title="Seigle">Seigle</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Setaria" title="Setaria">Sétaires céréalières</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Setaria_italica" title="Setaria italica">Sétaire d'Italie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Setaria_palmifolia" title="Setaria palmifolia">Sétaire à feuilles de palmier</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorghum" title="Sorghum">Sorgho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teff" title="Teff">Teff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triticale" title="Triticale">Triticale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%97Tritordeum" title="×Tritordeum">Tritordeum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Typha" title="Typha">Massette</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Massette_%C3%A0_larges_feuilles" title="Massette à larges feuilles">Quenouille</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zizanie" title="Zizanie">Zizanie</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Riz_sauvage" title="Riz sauvage">Zizanie des marais</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Pseudo-céréales</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amarante_(plante)" title="Amarante (plante)">Amarantes pseudo-céréales</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amarante_queue-de-renard" title="Amarante queue-de-renard">Amarante queue-de-renard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amaranthus_cruentus" title="Amaranthus cruentus">Amarante rouge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amaranthus_hypochondriacus" title="Amaranthus hypochondriacus">Amarante hypocondriaque</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9losie" title="Célosie">Célosie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chenopodium" title="Chenopodium">Chénopodes pseudo-céréales</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chenopodium_album" title="Chenopodium album">Chénopode blanc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chenopodium_berlandieri" title="Chenopodium berlandieri">Chénopode de Berlandier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chenopodium_pallidicaule" title="Chenopodium pallidicaule">Kañiwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quinoa" title="Quinoa">Quinoa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chia_(plante)" title="Chia (plante)">Chia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noix-pain" title="Noix-pain">Noix-pain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarrasin_commun" title="Sarrasin commun">Sarrasin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sarrasin_commun" title="Sarrasin commun">Blé noir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarrasin_de_Tartarie" title="Sarrasin de Tartarie">Sarrasin de Tartarie</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Articles connexes</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balle_(c%C3%A9r%C3%A9ale)" title="Balle (céréale)">Balle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germe_des_c%C3%A9r%C3%A9ales" title="Germe des céréales">Germe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grains_anciens" title="Grains anciens">Grains anciens</a></li> <li><a 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data-file-width="198" data-file-height="176" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Protection_des_cultures" title="Portail:Protection des cultures">Portail de la protection des cultures</a></span> </span></li> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Poaceae" title="Portail des Poaceae"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Wheat-icon.svg/10px-Wheat-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Wheat-icon.svg/15px-Wheat-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Wheat-icon.svg/21px-Wheat-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="28" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Poaceae" title="Portail:Poaceae">Portail des 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