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Available in 24 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-24" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">24 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B0_(%D9%83%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%8A)" title="قوارير النبيذ (كفيفري) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قوارير النبيذ (كفيفري)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B8_(%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D2%BB%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8B%D1%82)" title="Квеври (керамик һауыт) – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Квеври (керамик һауыт)" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Квеври – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Квеври" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvevri" title="Kvevri – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kvevri" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvevri" title="Kvevri – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kvevri" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quevri" title="Quevri – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Quevri" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tinaja_Kvevri" title="Tinaja Kvevri – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tinaja Kvevri" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvevri" title="Kvevri – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Kvevri" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%94%D5%BE%D6%87%D6%80%D5%AB" title="Քվևրի – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Քվևրի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwevri" title="Kwevri – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Kwevri" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A5%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%95%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ქვევრი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ქვევრი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Квеври – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Квеври" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%92%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ლაგვანი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ლაგვანი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AF%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A7%E3%83%B4%E3%83%AA" title="クヴェヴリ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="クヴェヴリ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvevri" title="Kvevri – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kvevri" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvevri" title="Kvevri – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kvevri" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvevri" title="Kvevri – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kvevri" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwewri" title="Kwewri – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kwewri" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Квеври – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Квеври" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvevri" title="Kvevri – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kvevri" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvevri" title="Kvevri – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kvevri" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvevri" title="Kvevri – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kvevri" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvevri" title="Kvevri – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kvevri" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%80%D1%96" title="Квеврі – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Квеврі" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3649330#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> 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</div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to 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href="/wiki/File:Quevri,_Nationalmuseum_Tiflis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Quevri%2C_Nationalmuseum_Tiflis.jpg/250px-Quevri%2C_Nationalmuseum_Tiflis.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="333" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Quevri%2C_Nationalmuseum_Tiflis.jpg/375px-Quevri%2C_Nationalmuseum_Tiflis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Quevri%2C_Nationalmuseum_Tiflis.jpg/500px-Quevri%2C_Nationalmuseum_Tiflis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="5184" /></a><figcaption>A large Kvevri held at the Georgian National Museum of Tbilisi</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Kvevri</b> or <b>Qvevri</b> (<a href="/wiki/Georgian_language" title="Georgian language">Georgian</a>: <span title="Georgian-language text"><span lang="ka" style="font-style: normal;">ქვევრი</span></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ka-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Georgian" title="Help:IPA/Georgian">[ˈkʰvɛvɾi]</a></span>) - also known as <b>Ch'uri</b> (<a href="/wiki/Georgian_language" title="Georgian language">Georgian</a>: <span title="Georgian-language text"><span lang="ka" style="font-style: normal;">ჭური</span></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ka-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Georgian" title="Help:IPA/Georgian">[ˈtʃʼuɾi]</a></span>) in Western Georgia - are large <a href="/wiki/Earthenware" title="Earthenware">earthenware</a> vessels used for the fermentation, storage and aging of traditional <a href="/wiki/Georgian_wine" title="Georgian wine">Georgian wine</a>. Resembling large, egg-shaped <a href="/wiki/Amphora" title="Amphora">amphorae</a> without handles, they are either buried below ground or set into the floors of large wine cellars. Kvevris vary in size: volumes range from 20 litres to around 10,000; 800 is typical.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kvevri&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist" style="width:15em;padding:0.3em; margin-left:10px; border:1px solid red; background:#FFF8C6; text-align:center;"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="font-size:12pt"><a href="/wiki/Georgian_cuisine" title="Georgian cuisine"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:red">Georgian cuisine</span></a> <br /><small><span class="nobold">ქართული სამზარეულო</span></small></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Exhibition-_Georgia_-_(3)_A_Story_of_Encounters,_2023-2024,_Art_%26_History_Museum,_Brussels.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Exhibition-_Georgia_-_%283%29_A_Story_of_Encounters%2C_2023-2024%2C_Art_%26_History_Museum%2C_Brussels.jpg/220px-Exhibition-_Georgia_-_%283%29_A_Story_of_Encounters%2C_2023-2024%2C_Art_%26_History_Museum%2C_Brussels.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Exhibition-_Georgia_-_%283%29_A_Story_of_Encounters%2C_2023-2024%2C_Art_%26_History_Museum%2C_Brussels.jpg/330px-Exhibition-_Georgia_-_%283%29_A_Story_of_Encounters%2C_2023-2024%2C_Art_%26_History_Museum%2C_Brussels.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Exhibition-_Georgia_-_%283%29_A_Story_of_Encounters%2C_2023-2024%2C_Art_%26_History_Museum%2C_Brussels.jpg/440px-Exhibition-_Georgia_-_%283%29_A_Story_of_Encounters%2C_2023-2024%2C_Art_%26_History_Museum%2C_Brussels.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5962" data-file-height="3848" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Dishes and sauces</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_bread" title="Georgian bread">Georgian bread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_cheese" title="Georgian cheese">Georgian cheese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abkhazian_cheese" title="Abkhazian cheese">Abkhazian cheese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajapsandali" title="Ajapsandali">Ajapsandali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badrijani" title="Badrijani">Badrijani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chakapuli" title="Chakapuli">Chakapuli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chakhokhbili" title="Chakhokhbili">Chakhokhbili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chanakhi" title="Chanakhi">Chanakhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chashushuli" title="Chashushuli">Chashushuli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicken_tabaka" title="Chicken tabaka">Chicken tabaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chikhirtma" title="Chikhirtma">Chikhirtma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chkmeruli" title="Chkmeruli">Chkmeruli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churchkhela" title="Churchkhela">Churchkhela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gozinaki" title="Gozinaki">Gozinaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ispanakhi_Matsvnit" class="mw-redirect" title="Ispanakhi Matsvnit">Ispanakhi Matsvnit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khachapuri" title="Khachapuri">Khachapuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharcho" title="Kharcho">Kharcho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khash_(dish)" title="Khash (dish)">Khashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khinkali" title="Khinkali">Khinkali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kubdari" title="Kubdari">Kubdari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuchmachi" title="Kuchmachi">Kuchmachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kupati" title="Kupati">Kupati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lobiani" title="Lobiani">Lobiani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lobio" title="Lobio">Lobio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matsoni" class="mw-redirect" title="Matsoni">Matsoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mchadi" title="Mchadi">Mchadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mujuji" class="mw-redirect" title="Mujuji">Mujuji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelamushi" title="Pelamushi">Pelamushi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pkhali" title="Pkhali">Pkhali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satsivi" title="Satsivi">Satsivi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shotis_puri" title="Shotis puri">Shotis puri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulguni" title="Sulguni">Sulguni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolma" title="Dolma">Tolma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tklapi" title="Tklapi">Tklapi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonis_puri" title="Tonis puri">Tonis puri</a></li> <li><i>sauces:</i> <a href="/wiki/Ajika" title="Ajika">Ajika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satsebeli" title="Satsebeli">Satsebeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tkemali" title="Tkemali">Tkemali</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Wines and drinks</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_wine" title="Georgian wine">Georgian wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akhasheni" title="Akhasheni">Akhasheni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alazani_(wine)" title="Alazani (wine)">Alazani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksandrouli" title="Aleksandrouli">Aleksandrouli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badagoni" title="Badagoni">Badagoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barakoni_wine" title="Barakoni wine">Barakoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinuri" title="Chinuri">Chinuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khvanchkara" class="mw-redirect" title="Khvanchkara">Khvanchkara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kindzmarauli" class="mw-redirect" title="Kindzmarauli">Kindzmarauli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mtevandidi" title="Mtevandidi">Mtevandidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mtsvane" title="Mtsvane">Mtsvane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mujuretuli" title="Mujuretuli">Mujuretuli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mukuzani" title="Mukuzani">Mukuzani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rkatsiteli" title="Rkatsiteli">Rkatsiteli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saperavi" title="Saperavi">Saperavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tavkveri" title="Tavkveri">Tavkveri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsinandali_wine" title="Tsinandali wine">Tsinandali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsolikouri" title="Tsolikouri">Tsolikouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tvishi_(wine)" title="Tvishi (wine)">Tvishi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usakhelauri" title="Usakhelauri">Usakhelauri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vazisubani_(wine)" title="Vazisubani (wine)">Vazisubani</a></li> <li><i>other drinks:</i> <a href="/wiki/Borjomi_(water)" title="Borjomi (water)">Borjomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chacha_(brandy)" title="Chacha (brandy)">Chacha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eristoff" title="Eristoff">Eristoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lagidze_water" title="Lagidze water">Lagidze water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabeglavi" title="Nabeglavi">Nabeglavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sairme_(water)" title="Sairme (water)">Sairme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarkhuna_(drink)" title="Tarkhuna (drink)">Tarkhuna</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Other</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kvevri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kantsi_(horn)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kantsi (horn)">Kantsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keipi" title="Keipi">Keipi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rtveli" title="Rtveli">Rtveli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supra_(feast)" title="Supra (feast)">Supra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamada" title="Tamada">Tamada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trigonella_caerulea" title="Trigonella caerulea">Utskho suneli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmeli_suneli" title="Khmeli suneli">Khmeli suneli</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Georgian_cuisine" title="Template:Georgian cuisine"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Georgian_cuisine" title="Template talk:Georgian cuisine"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Georgian_cuisine" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Georgian cuisine"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Archaeological excavations in the southern Georgian region of <a href="/wiki/Kvemo_Kartli" title="Kvemo Kartli">Kvemo Kartli</a> (notably at Dangreuli Gora, Gadachrili Gora and in the village of Imiri) uncovered evidence of grape pips and kvevris dating back to the 6th millennium B.C.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The villages of Atsana in <a href="/wiki/Guria" title="Guria">Guria</a>; Makatubani, Shrosha, Tq'emlovana and Chkhiroula in <a href="/wiki/Imereti" title="Imereti">Imereti</a>; and Vardisubani in <a href="/wiki/Kakheti" title="Kakheti">Kakheti</a> are traditional kvevri-making areas. Artisanal families have passed down the knowledge of this ancient handicraft through the generations. The clay used to manufacture a Kvevri must be carefully chosen, as its characteristics will influence the wine's mineral content.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><br /> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Georgian_Kvevri.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Georgian_Kvevri.jpg/250px-Georgian_Kvevri.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Georgian_Kvevri.jpg/375px-Georgian_Kvevri.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Georgian_Kvevri.jpg/500px-Georgian_Kvevri.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Kvevris above ground</figcaption></figure> <p>The process of making wine in Kvevri involves pressing the grapes and then pouring the juice, grape skins, stalks and pips into the Kvevri, which is then sealed. The juice is then left to ferment into wine for at least five to six months before being decanted and bottled.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Pomace" title="Pomace">pomace</a> (mash of <a href="/wiki/Seed" title="Seed">pips</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peel_(fruit)" title="Peel (fruit)">skins</a> and <a href="/wiki/Plant_stem" title="Plant stem">stalks</a>) which remains is called chacha in Georgian. It is distilled into brandy which is also called <a href="/wiki/Chacha_(brandy)" title="Chacha (brandy)"><i>chacha</i></a>. The empty Kvevri is then washed, sterilized with lime and re-coated with beeswax, ready to be filled again. </p><p>Traditional Georgian wines do not represent a uniform style. A common feature is that their vinification is carried in Kvevri completely buried in the ground, so that even the outlet neck of it remains below ground level. The most unusual and archaic, out of the traditional Georgian wines are white Kakhetian wine (also known as orange or amber wine), macerated for several months with the skins, seeds and stems of grapes in buried Kvevri. “Kakhetian method" is an extreme current of Georgian wine making tradition, while the moderate faction represents the so-called "Imeretian method". From "Kakhetian method, it differs in amount and quality of the chacha (pomace) used. The Imeretian method uses only part of the chacha, roughly one-tenth, and stems are not used at all. The rest of the production process proceeds in basically the same way. The result is a wine much closer to European standards, not as tannic as the traditional Kakhetian wine, although in this case a long maturation in Kvevri gives them the undisputed Georgian stigma. Intermediate place between the Kakhetian style and Imeretian style represents the traditional white wine from province Kartli (Central Georgia), where the one third of chacha with stems is added to Kvevri.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the past, Kvevri were also used for storing brandy, grain, butter, cheese and a variety of other perishable foodstuffs, although in Georgia they have always been primarily used for wine-making. Large ceramic storage vessels such as these are made in many countries, but only Georgia, Spain (<i>vino de tinaja</i>, <i>vino de pitarra</i>) and Portugal (<i>vinho de talha</i>) use them for wine-making.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chateau_Zegaani_Winery.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Chateau_Zegaani_Winery.jpg/250px-Chateau_Zegaani_Winery.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Chateau_Zegaani_Winery.jpg/375px-Chateau_Zegaani_Winery.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Chateau_Zegaani_Winery.jpg/500px-Chateau_Zegaani_Winery.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="599" /></a><figcaption>Kvevris being buried in a winery</figcaption></figure> <p>Wine-makers who use Kvevri claim that their wine is stable by nature, rich in tannins, and that it does not require chemical preservatives to ensure long life and superior taste. The tannins found in kvevri wine limit protein content and prevent <a href="/wiki/Turbidity" title="Turbidity">turbidity</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since the Russian market for Georgian wine has dwindled to a trickle, Georgia has revived this ancient method of wine-making and is exciting interest around the world.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Various commercial wineries in Georgia export kvevri wines abroad, and some wine-makers in Europe and America have taken to making their wine in kvevris.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kvevri and the tradition of wine-making in kvevri was inscribed on the <a href="/wiki/Intangible_Cultural_Heritage_of_Georgia" class="mw-redirect" title="Intangible Cultural Heritage of Georgia">Intangible Cultural Heritage of Georgia</a> registry in 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2013, <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> added the traditional Georgian method of making wine in kvevris as Qvevri Wine to its list of worlds <a href="/wiki/UNESCO_Intangible_Cultural_Heritage_Lists" title="UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists">intangible cultural heritage</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Spelling">Spelling</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kvevri&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Spelling"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Both <i>Kvevri</i> and <i>Qvevri</i> are used in sources of this article. The confusion is caused by difficulties of the <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Georgian" title="Romanization of Georgian">Romanization of Georgian</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Georgian_language" title="Georgian language">Georgian language</a> has two k sounds: <b>ქ</b> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_plosive" title="Voiceless velar plosive">k⁽ʰ⁾</a>/</span> (similar to English) and <b>კ</b> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Velar_ejective_stop" title="Velar ejective stop">kʼ</a>/</span>. The official <a href="/wiki/Transliteration" title="Transliteration">transliteration</a> systems would spell the word as <i>Kvevri</i> (National System) or <i>K'vevri</i> (ISO 9984). <i>Qvevri</i> is a product of an unofficial transliteration system mostly used online. <a href="/wiki/Georgian_keyboard#QWERTY_keyboard" title="Georgian keyboard">QWERTY-derived Georgian keyboard</a> maps letter <b>ქ</b> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_plosive" title="Voiceless velar plosive">k⁽ʰ⁾</a>/</span> to <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1249182868">.mw-parser-output .keyboard-key{border:1px solid #aaa;border-radius:0.2em;box-shadow:0.1em 0.1em 0.2em rgba(0,0,0,0.1);background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);background-image:linear-gradient(to bottom,var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0),var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa),var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0));color:var(--color-base,#202122);padding:0.1em 0.3em;font-family:inherit;font-size:0.85em}</style><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Q" title="Q">Q</a></kbd> and <b>კ</b> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Velar_ejective_stop" title="Velar ejective stop">kʼ</a>/</span> to <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap"><a href="/wiki/K" title="K">K</a></kbd>. Therefore, in Georgian you must type <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Q" title="Q">Q</a></kbd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap"><a href="/wiki/V" title="V">V</a></kbd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap"><a href="/wiki/E" title="E">E</a></kbd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap"><a href="/wiki/V" title="V">V</a></kbd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap"><a href="/wiki/R" title="R">R</a></kbd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap"><a href="/wiki/I" title="I">I</a></kbd> to get <i>ქვევრი</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kvevri&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bluedanubewine.com/pdf/qvevri_eng_Q.pdf">"Making wine in qvevri"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Bluedanubewine.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">Oct 6,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bluedanubewine.com&rft.atitle=Making+wine+in+qvevri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bluedanubewine.com%2Fpdf%2Fqvevri_eng_Q.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKvevri" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged March 2023">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">T. Glonti, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oiv.int/oiv/files/5%20-%20Publications/5%20-%202%20Bulletin%20de%20lOIV/FR/5-2-7-3_vol_83_p_335-343.pdf"><i>Traditional technologies and history of Georgian wine</i> (Abstract, PDF file)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150605034927/http://www.oiv.int/oiv/files/5%20-%20Publications/5%20-%202%20Bulletin%20de%20lOIV/FR/5-2-7-3_vol_83_p_335-343.pdf">Archived</a> 2015-06-05 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, in <i>Le Bulletin de l'Organisation internationale de la vigne et du vin</i>, July–August–September 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unesco.org/culture/ich/doc/download.php?versionID=20631">"UNESCO - Intangible Heritage Home"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UNESCO+-+Intangible+Heritage+Home&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unesco.org%2Fculture%2Fich%2Fdoc%2Fdownload.php%3FversionID%3D20631&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKvevri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chateau-fort-manavi.com/wine-cellar/history-of-winemaking-in-georgia/">"History of winemaking in Georgia"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+winemaking+in+Georgia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fchateau-fort-manavi.com%2Fwine-cellar%2Fhistory-of-winemaking-in-georgia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKvevri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.domainegeorgia.com/technology.html">"Qvevri winemaking technology and instructions for red, rose, orange and white wines"</a>. <i>www.domainegeorgia.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">Jul 7,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.domainegeorgia.com&rft.atitle=Qvevri+winemaking+technology+and+instructions+for+red%2C+rose%2C+orange+and+white+wines&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.domainegeorgia.com%2Ftechnology.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKvevri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in French)</span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/10205544">"A.J.M. Silva, "Les vins au goût d'argile: anatomie d'une tradition plurimillénaire. Le cas d'étude portugais du vin de talha"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Academia</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">Oct 6,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Academia&rft.atitle=A.J.M.+Silva%2C+%22Les+vins+au+go%C3%BBt+d%27argile%3A+anatomie+d%27une+tradition+plurimill%C3%A9naire.+Le+cas+d%27%C3%A9tude+portugais+du+vin+de+talha%22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F10205544&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKvevri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303234556/http://www.biowine.ge/eng/about_qvevri.html">"About qvevri"</a>. <i>www.biowine.ge</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biowine.ge/eng/about_qvevri.html">the original</a> on March 3, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">Jul 7,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.biowine.ge&rft.atitle=About+qvevri&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biowine.ge%2Feng%2Fabout_qvevri.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKvevri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newsweek.com/winemakers-go-wild-qvevri-68217">"Winemakers go wild for qvevri"</a>. <i>Newsweek.com</i>. 23 October 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">Oct 6,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Newsweek.com&rft.atitle=Winemakers+go+wild+for+qvevri&rft.date=2011-10-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsweek.com%2Fwinemakers-go-wild-qvevri-68217&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKvevri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.qvevriproject.org/">"Qvevri Project"</a>. <i>Qvevri Project</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">Jul 7,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Eurasianet&rft.atitle=Georgia%3A+Betting+on+Clay+and+Kvevri+for+Entr%C3%A9e+into+International+Wine+Markets&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feurasianet.org%2Fgeorgia-betting-on-clay-and-kvevri-for-entree-into-international-wine-markets&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKvevri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Georgian)</span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://heritagesites.ge/uploads/files/599d49e41f7c0.pdf">"არამატერიალური კულტურული მემკვიდრეობა"</a> [Intangible Cultural Heritage] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. National Agency for Cultural Heritage Preservation of Georgia<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98+%E1%83%99%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98+%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%99%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%90&rft.pub=National+Agency+for+Cultural+Heritage+Preservation+of+Georgia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fheritagesites.ge%2Fuploads%2Ffiles%2F599d49e41f7c0.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKvevri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.culturepartnership.eu/upload/editor/2017/Research/170926%20CDIS%20Georgia%20Analytical%20and%20Technical%20Report.pdf">"UNESCO Culture for development indicators for Georgia (Analytical and Technical Report)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. EU-Eastern Partnership Culture & Creativity Programme. October 2017. pp. 82–88<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UNESCO+Culture+for+development+indicators+for+Georgia+%28Analytical+and+Technical+Report%29&rft.pages=82-88&rft.pub=EU-Eastern+Partnership+Culture+%26+Creativity+Programme&rft.date=2017-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.culturepartnership.eu%2Fupload%2Feditor%2F2017%2FResearch%2F170926%2520CDIS%2520Georgia%2520Analytical%2520and%2520Technical%2520Report.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKvevri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ich.unesco.org/en/decisions">"UNESCO - Decision of the Intergovernmental Committee: 8.COM 8.13"</a>. <i>ich.unesco.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-12-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ich.unesco.org&rft.atitle=UNESCO+-+Decision+of+the+Intergovernmental+Committee%3A+8.COM+8.13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fich.unesco.org%2Fen%2Fdecisions&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKvevri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/ancient-georgian-traditional-qvevri-wine-making-method-00870">"UNESCO - Ancient Georgian traditional Qvevri wine-making method"</a>. <i>ich.unesco.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-12-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ich.unesco.org&rft.atitle=UNESCO+-+Ancient+Georgian+traditional+Qvevri+wine-making+method&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fich.unesco.org%2Fen%2FRL%2Fancient-georgian-traditional-qvevri-wine-making-method-00870&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKvevri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kvevri&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Barisashvili, Giorgi (2011). <i>Making Wine in Kvevri: A Unique Georgian Tradition</i>. Tbilisi: Association ELKANA. ISBN 9789941037016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1040583941">OCLC 1040583941</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kvevri&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.vinoge.com/history/history-georgian-wine">A history of Georgian wine-making in kvevris</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160424034712/http://www.gwa.ge/upload/file/qvevri_eng_Q.pdf">An illustrated handbook explaining in detail how kvevris and kvevri wine are made</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180221135227/http://therealwinefair.com/all-you-needed-to-know-about-qvevri-but-were-afraid-to-ask/">The Real Wine Fair on "All you needed to know about Qvevri but were afraid to ask"</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VD617tvNWIA">Documentary film about Kvevris production.</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 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title="Vitis">Species</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terroir" title="Terroir">Terroir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veraison" title="Veraison">Veraison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vineyard" title="Vineyard">Vineyard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_wine" title="History of wine">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Ancient <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phoenicians_and_wine" title="Phoenicians and wine">Phoenicians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece_and_wine" title="Ancient Greece and wine">Ancient Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome_and_wine" title="Ancient Rome and wine">Ancient Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_in_China" title="Wine in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noah%27s_wine" title="Noah's wine">Noah's wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_French_wine" title="History of French wine">France</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_French_Wine_Blight" title="Great French Wine Blight">Great French Wine Blight</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_wine#History" title="Georgian wine">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_World_wine" title="New World wine">New World</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judgment_of_Paris_(wine)" title="Judgment of Paris (wine)">Judgment of Paris</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Styles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Red_wine" title="Red wine">Red</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_wine" title="White wine">White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sparkling_wine" title="Sparkling wine">Sparkling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ros%C3%A9" title="Rosé">Rosé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_wine" title="Orange wine">Orange</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dessert_wine" title="Dessert wine">Dessert</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fortified_wine" title="Fortified wine">Fortified</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_wine" title="Ice wine">Ice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aromatised_wine" title="Aromatised wine">Aromatized</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fruit_wine" title="Fruit wine">Fruit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noble_rot" title="Noble rot">Noble rot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straw_wine" title="Straw wine">Straw</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Other <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Table_wine" title="Table wine">Table</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_wine" title="Natural wine">Natural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biodynamic_wine" title="Biodynamic wine">Biodynamic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organic_wine" title="Organic wine">Organic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosher_wine" title="Kosher wine">Kosher</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Top <a href="/wiki/List_of_grape_varieties" title="List of grape varieties">grape varieties</a><br />by acreage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/White_wine" title="White wine">White</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air%C3%A9n" title="Airén">Airén</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aligot%C3%A9" title="Aligoté">Aligoté</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catarratto" title="Catarratto">Catarratto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayetana_blanca" title="Cayetana blanca">Cayetana blanca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chardonnay" title="Chardonnay">Chardonnay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chenin_blanc" title="Chenin blanc">Chenin blanc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombard" title="Colombard">Colombard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glera_(grape)" title="Glera (grape)">Glera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%BCner_Veltliner" title="Grüner Veltliner">Grüner Veltliner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macabeo" title="Macabeo">Macabeo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCller-Thurgau" title="Müller-Thurgau">Müller-Thurgau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscat_Blanc_%C3%A0_Petits_Grains" title="Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains">Muscat blanc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscat_of_Alexandria" title="Muscat of Alexandria">Muscat of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palomino_(grape)" title="Palomino (grape)">Palomino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riesling" title="Riesling">Riesling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rkatsiteli" title="Rkatsiteli">Rkatsiteli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sauvignon_blanc" title="Sauvignon blanc">Sauvignon blanc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9millon" title="Sémillon">Sémillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trebbiano" title="Trebbiano">Trebbiano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welschriesling" title="Welschriesling">Welschriesling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Red_wine" title="Red wine">Red</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alicante_Bouschet" title="Alicante Bouschet">Alicante Bouschet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbera" title="Barbera">Barbera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobal" title="Bobal">Bobal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabernet_Franc" title="Cabernet Franc">Cabernet Franc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabernet_Sauvignon" title="Cabernet Sauvignon">Cabernet Sauvignon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carignan" title="Carignan">Carignan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinsaut" title="Cinsaut">Cinsaut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douce_noir" title="Douce noir">Douce noir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamay" title="Gamay">Gamay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenache" title="Grenache">Grenache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabella_(grape)" title="Isabella (grape)">Isabella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malbec" title="Malbec">Malbec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merlot" title="Merlot">Merlot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montepulciano_(grape)" title="Montepulciano (grape)">Montepulciano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mourv%C3%A8dre" title="Mourvèdre">Mourvèdre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinot_noir" title="Pinot noir">Pinot noir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangiovese" title="Sangiovese">Sangiovese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrah" title="Syrah">Syrah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tempranillo" title="Tempranillo">Tempranillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zinfandel" title="Zinfandel">Zinfandel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_wine-producing_regions" title="List of wine-producing regions">Major regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_World_wine" title="Old World wine">Old World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_World_wine" title="New World wine">New World</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Packaging, <a href="/wiki/Wine_accessory" title="Wine accessory">accessories</a>,<br />and <a href="/wiki/Storage_of_wine" title="Storage of wine">storage</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_wine_closure" title="Alternative wine closure">Alternative wine closure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Box_wine" title="Box wine">Box wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corkscrew" title="Corkscrew">Corkscrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decanter" title="Decanter">Decanter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jug_wine" title="Jug wine">Jug wine</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kvevri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muselet" title="Muselet">Muselet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_tongs" title="Port tongs">Port tongs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screw_cap_(wine)" title="Screw cap (wine)">Screw cap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_bottle" title="Wine bottle">Wine bottle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_cave" title="Wine cave">Wine cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_cellar" title="Wine cellar">Wine cellar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_cork" title="Wine cork">Wine cork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_dispenser" title="Wine dispenser">Wine dispenser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_glass" title="Wine glass">Wine glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_label" title="Wine label">Wine label</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_rack" title="Wine rack">Wine rack</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wine_chemistry" title="Wine chemistry">Wine chemistry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aroma_of_wine" title="Aroma of wine">Aroma of wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acids_in_wine" title="Acids in wine">Acids in wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenolic_content_in_wine" title="Phenolic content in wine">Phenolic content in wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proteins_in_wine" title="Proteins in wine">Proteins in wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugars_in_wine" title="Sugars in wine">Sugars in wine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Industry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Classification_of_wine" title="Classification of wine">Classification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oenophilia" title="Oenophilia">Oenophilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sommelier" title="Sommelier">Sommelier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_and_food_pairing" title="Wine and food pairing">Wine and food pairing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_fault" title="Wine fault">Wine fault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_fraud" title="Wine fraud">Wine fraud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winemaker" title="Winemaker">Winemaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wine_personalities" class="mw-redirect" title="List of wine personalities">Wine personalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_tasting" title="Wine tasting">Wine tasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_tasting_descriptors" title="Wine tasting descriptors">Wine tasting descriptors</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_bottle_and_glass_of_wine.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/A_bottle_and_glass_of_wine.svg/8px-A_bottle_and_glass_of_wine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/A_bottle_and_glass_of_wine.svg/13px-A_bottle_and_glass_of_wine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/A_bottle_and_glass_of_wine.svg/17px-A_bottle_and_glass_of_wine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="948" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Wine" title="Portal:Wine">Wine portal</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_wine" title="Outline of wine">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_wine_terms" title="Glossary of wine terms">Glossary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Winemaking" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Winemaking" title="Template:Winemaking"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Winemaking" title="Template talk:Winemaking"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Winemaking" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Winemaking"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Winemaking" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Winemaking" title="Winemaking">Winemaking</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Harvest_(wine)" title="Harvest (wine)">Harvest</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Late_harvest_wine" title="Late harvest wine">Late harvest wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noble_rot" title="Noble rot">Noble rot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vintage" title="Vintage">Vintage</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pressing_(wine)" title="Pressing (wine)">Pressing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acids_in_wine" title="Acids in wine">Deacidification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destemming" class="mw-redirect" title="Destemming">Destemming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaptalization" title="Chaptalization">Chaptalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_press" class="mw-redirect" title="Wine press">Wine press</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Maceration_(wine)" title="Maceration (wine)">Maceration</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carbonic_maceration" title="Carbonic maceration">Carbonic maceration</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fermentation_in_winemaking" title="Fermentation in winemaking">Fermentation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malolactic_fermentation" title="Malolactic fermentation">Malolactic fermentation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sparkling_wine_production" title="Sparkling wine production">Sparkling wine production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugars_in_wine" title="Sugars in wine">Sugars in wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCssreserve" class="mw-redirect" title="Süssreserve">Süssreserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_method" title="Traditional method">Traditional method</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeast_assimilable_nitrogen" title="Yeast assimilable nitrogen">Yeast assimilable nitrogen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeast_in_winemaking" title="Yeast in winemaking">Yeast in winemaking</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Aging_of_wine" title="Aging of wine">Aging</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oak_(wine)" title="Oak (wine)">Oak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solera" title="Solera">Solera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_cellar" title="Wine cellar">Wine cellar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other steps</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clarification_and_stabilization_of_wine" title="Clarification and stabilization of wine">Clarification and stabilization of wine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Winery" title="Winery">Winery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_bottle" title="Wine bottle">Wine bottle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_viticulture_terms" title="Glossary of viticulture terms">Glossary of viticulture terms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_winemaking_terms" title="Glossary of winemaking terms">Glossary of winemaking terms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_tasting_descriptors" title="Wine tasting descriptors">Wine tasting descriptors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_wine_press" title="History of the wine press">History of the wine press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_wine" title="History of wine">History of wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terroir" title="Terroir">Terroir</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_bottle_and_glass_of_wine.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/A_bottle_and_glass_of_wine.svg/8px-A_bottle_and_glass_of_wine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="16" class="mw-file-element" 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