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Assembly elections</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_Assembly_elections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Provincial_elections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Provincial_elections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Provincial elections</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Provincial_elections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Municipal_elections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Municipal_elections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Municipal elections</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Municipal_elections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span 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mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azanian_People%E2%80%99s_Organisation" title="Azanian People’s Organisation – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Azanian People’s Organisation" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisation_du_peuple_azanien" title="Organisation du peuple azanien – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Organisation du peuple azanien" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%82%B6%E3%83%8B%E3%82%A2%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E6%A9%9F%E6%A7%8B" title="アザニア人民機構 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アザニア人民機構" data-language-autonym="日本語" 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mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azanian_kansan_j%C3%A4rjest%C3%B6" title="Azanian kansan järjestö – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Azanian kansan järjestö" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azanian_People%27s_Organization" title="Azanian People's Organization – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Azanian People's Organization" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q793572#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Political party in South Africa</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 125%;"><div style="padding-top:0.3em; padding-bottom:0.3em; border-top:2px solid #FDB400; border-bottom:2px solid #FDB400; line-height: 1;"><div class="fn org">Azanian People's Organisation</div> </div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo" style="padding-top:.4em;padding-bottom:.3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:AZAPO_Logo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/AZAPO_Logo.jpg/150px-AZAPO_Logo.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/AZAPO_Logo.jpg/225px-AZAPO_Logo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/AZAPO_Logo.jpg/300px-AZAPO_Logo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="780" data-file-height="760" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">President</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nelvis_Qekema&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nelvis Qekema (page does not exist)">Nelvis Qekema</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Party_chair" title="Party chair">Chairperson</a></th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;">Simphiwe Hashe</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="nowrap">Secretary-General</span></th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;">Chris Swepu</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Honorary President</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Mosibudi_Mangena" title="Mosibudi Mangena">Mosibudi Mangena</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Biko" class="mw-redirect" title="Stephen Biko">Stephen Biko</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abram_Onkgopotse_Tiro" title="Abram Onkgopotse Tiro">Abram Onkgopotse Tiro</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Harry_Nengwekhulu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harry Nengwekhulu (page does not exist)">Harry Nengwekhulu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mthuli_ka_Shezi" title="Mthuli ka Shezi">Mthuli ka Shezi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mapetla_Mohapi" title="Mapetla Mohapi">Mapetla Mohapi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mongezi_Sifika_wa_Nkomo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mongezi Sifika wa Nkomo (page does not exist)">Mongezi Sifika wa Nkomo</a> and others.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">28 April 1978<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1978-04-28</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Merger of</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">BCMA in exile and AZAPO inside South Africa</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Black_People%27s_Convention" title="Black People's Convention">Black People's Convention</a> (BPC)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Office Number 3, 5th Floor, Corner House, 77 Commissioner Street, <a href="/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg">Johannesburg</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Student_wing" title="Student wing">Student wing</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Azanian Students' Convention (AZASCO)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Youth_wing" title="Youth wing">Youth wing</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Azanian Youth Organisation (AZAYO)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_wing" title="Women's wing">Women's wing</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Imbeleko Women's Organisation</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Armed wing</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Azanian_National_Liberation_Army_(AZANLA)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Azanian National Liberation Army (AZANLA) (page does not exist)">Azanian National Liberation Army (AZANLA)</a><br />(<i>formerly</i>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Student Wing for High School Students</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Azanian Students' Movement (AZASM)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_ideologies" title="List of political ideologies">Ideology</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">Socialism</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Black_Consciousness_Movement" title="Black Consciousness Movement">Black consciousness</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Political_spectrum" title="Political spectrum">Political position</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Left-wing" class="mw-redirect" title="Left-wing">Left-wing</a> to <a href="/wiki/Far-left" class="mw-redirect" title="Far-left">far-left</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Colours</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Black_(color)" class="mw-redirect" title="Black (color)">Black</a>, <a href="/wiki/Red" title="Red">Red</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Orange_(colour)" title="Orange (colour)">Orange</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#000000; color:white;"> </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FF0000; color:black;"> </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black;"> </span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Slogan</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><i>The People's Movement</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(South_Africa)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Assembly (South Africa)">National Assembly</a> seats</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 400</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FDB400; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="line-height: 0.8em;">Party flag</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Azanian_People%27s_Organisation.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_the_Azanian_People%27s_Organisation.svg/180px-Flag_of_the_Azanian_People%27s_Organisation.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_the_Azanian_People%27s_Organisation.svg/270px-Flag_of_the_Azanian_People%27s_Organisation.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_the_Azanian_People%27s_Organisation.svg/360px-Flag_of_the_Azanian_People%27s_Organisation.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="line-height: 0.8em;">Website</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.azapo.org.za">www<wbr />.azapo<wbr />.org<wbr />.za</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="padding-top:0;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-top:0.3em; border-top:2px solid #FDB400;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_South_Africa" title="Politics of South Africa">Politics of South Africa</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_South_Africa" title="List of political parties in South Africa">Political parties</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_South_Africa" title="Elections in South Africa">Elections</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Azanian People's Organisation</b> (<b>AZAPO</b>) is a South African liberation movement and political party. The organisation's two student wings are the Azanian Students' Movement (AZASM) for high school learners and the Azanian Students' Convention (AZASCO) for university level students. The organisation's women's wing is Imbeleko Women's Organisation, simply known as IMBELEKO. Its inspiration is drawn from the <a href="/wiki/Black_Consciousness_Movement" title="Black Consciousness Movement">Black Consciousness Movement</a> inspired philosophy of Black Consciousness developed by <a href="/wiki/Steve_Biko" title="Steve Biko">Steve Biko</a>, Harry Nengwekhulu, <a href="/wiki/Abram_Onkgopotse_Tiro" title="Abram Onkgopotse Tiro">Abram Onkgopotse Tiro</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vuyelwa_Mashalaba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vuyelwa Mashalaba (page does not exist)">Vuyelwa Mashalaba</a> and others, as well as <a href="/wiki/Marxist" class="mw-redirect" title="Marxist">Marxist</a> <a href="/wiki/Scientific_Socialism" class="mw-redirect" title="Scientific Socialism">Scientific Socialism</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Azanian_People%27s_Organisation&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>AZAPO was formed out of the prominent black consciousness organisations namely, <a href="/wiki/Black_People%27s_Convention" title="Black People's Convention">Black People's Convention</a> (BPC), the <a href="/wiki/South_African_Students%27_Organisation" title="South African Students' Organisation">South African Students' Organisation</a> (SASO) and the Black Community Programmes (BCP). These were three of the 17 black consciousness organisations that were banned on Wednesday, 19 October 1977 for their role in the 16 June 1976 <a href="/wiki/Soweto_uprising" title="Soweto uprising">Soweto uprisings</a>. A year after the formation of AZAPO, in September 1979, at its conference in Roodepoort, the national executive was elected with <a href="/wiki/Curtis_Nkondo" title="Curtis Nkondo">Curtis Nkondo</a> as its president.<sup id="cite_ref-Maaba_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maaba-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 436">: 436 </span></sup> During 1987, AZAPO was banned by the South African government and forced underground and into exile.<sup id="cite_ref-Maaba_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maaba-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 436">: 436 </span></sup> It would be unbanned in 1990.<sup id="cite_ref-Maaba_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maaba-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 436">: 436 </span></sup> In October 1994, AZAPO merged with its sister organisation in exile, the Black Consciousness Movement of <a href="/wiki/Azania" title="Azania">Azania</a> (BCMA).<sup id="cite_ref-Maaba_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maaba-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 436">: 436 </span></sup> </p><p>AZAPO campaigned for the <a href="/wiki/Isolationism" title="Isolationism">isolation</a> of South Africa during its <a href="/wiki/Apartheid" title="Apartheid">apartheid</a> years by waging a "cultural <a href="/wiki/Boycott" title="Boycott">boycott</a>" in the country; <a href="/wiki/Black_people" title="Black people">black people</a> increasingly regained their resolve to fight for their freedom and formed trade unions and civic organisations. </p><p>The armed wing of AZAPO was the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Azanian_National_Liberation_Army&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Azanian National Liberation Army (page does not exist)">Azanian National Liberation Army</a> (AZANLA) which received support and military training from Iran, Yugoslavia, China, Libya, Botswana, Palestine, Syria, North Korea, Cuba, Zimbabwe and Eritrea. AZANLA is a successor to the Azanian People's Liberation Front (APLF) whose cadres received military training from countries such as Palestine, Syria, Lebanon and Iraq. There was an agreement with Iraq to train AZANLA combatants but that was thwarted by the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">First Gulf War</a> in 1990. During the 1980s, it was engaged in a bloody internecine feud with the <a href="/wiki/African_National_Congress" title="African National Congress">ANC</a> which operated under the guise of the United Democratic Front (UDF).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>AZAPO, along with its youth wing AZAYO were unbanned in 1990, which permitted it to continue its political programs legally. It was invited, but refused to participate in, the <a href="/wiki/Negotiations_to_end_apartheid_in_South_Africa" title="Negotiations to end apartheid in South Africa">negotiations to end apartheid</a>, a decision which led to the resignation of two senior members, Monwabisi Vuza and Imraan Moosa.<sup id="cite_ref-sahistory_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sahistory-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The party then boycotted the <a href="/wiki/South_African_general_election,_1994" class="mw-redirect" title="South African general election, 1994">1994 elections</a>, but has participated in each of the elections since then. AZAPO won one seat in each of the <a href="/wiki/South_African_general_election,_1999" class="mw-redirect" title="South African general election, 1999">1999</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_African_general_election,_2004" class="mw-redirect" title="South African general election, 2004">2004</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_African_general_election,_2009" class="mw-redirect" title="South African general election, 2009">2009</a> elections, but failed to win a seat in the <a href="/wiki/South_African_general_election,_2014" class="mw-redirect" title="South African general election, 2014">2014 general election</a>. </p><p>The current leader (National President) of the party is Nelvis Qekema who was elected at the 25th National Congress held at University of Johannesburg, Soweto on December 4, 2021. He succeeded Strike Thokoane who was elected as president of AZAPO in 2017, during the party's 23rd National Congress in Meadowlands, Soweto.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In February 2022, AZAPO and the <a href="/wiki/Pan_Africanist_Congress_of_Azania" title="Pan Africanist Congress of Azania">Pan Africanist Congress of Azania</a> (PAC) announced a new unity pact with the intention to contest elections together.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Negotiations_with_SOPA">Negotiations with SOPA</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Azanian_People%27s_Organisation&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Negotiations with SOPA"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The party has had regular negotiations with <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_Azania" title="Socialist Party of Azania">SOPA</a> aimed at merging the two parties, but these broke down in 2004, 2007 and again in 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-iol_merger_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iol_merger-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-iol_impasse_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iol_impasse-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Election_results">Election results</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Azanian_People%27s_Organisation&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Election results"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_Assembly_elections">National Assembly elections</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Azanian_People%27s_Organisation&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: National Assembly elections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:right; font-size: 95%;"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Election </th> <th>Total votes </th> <th>Share of vote </th> <th>Seats </th> <th>+/– </th> <th>Government </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/South_African_general_election,_1999" class="mw-redirect" title="South African general election, 1999">1999</a> </th> <td>27,257 </td> <td>0.17% </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">1 / 400</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FDB400; color:inherit; width: 0.3%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>New </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Opposition </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/South_African_general_election,_2004" class="mw-redirect" title="South African general election, 2004">2004</a> </th> <td>39,116 </td> <td>0.25% </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">1 / 400</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FDB400; color:inherit; width: 0.3%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0 </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Opposition </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/South_African_general_election,_2009" class="mw-redirect" title="South African general election, 2009">2009</a> </th> <td>38,245 </td> <td>0.22% </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">1 / 400</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FDB400; color:inherit; width: 0.3%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0 </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Opposition </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/South_African_general_election,_2014" class="mw-redirect" title="South African general election, 2014">2014</a> </th> <td>20,421 </td> <td>0.11% </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 400</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #CCCCCC; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1 </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">Extra-parliamentary </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/South_African_general_election,_2019" class="mw-redirect" title="South African general election, 2019">2019</a> </th> <td>12,823 </td> <td>0.07% </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 400</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #CCCCCC; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0 </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">Extra-parliamentary </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2024_South_African_general_election" title="2024 South African general election">2024</a> </th> <td>19,048 </td> <td>0.12%<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 400</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #388F35; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0 </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">Extra-parliamentary </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">From 2024, seats in the National Assembly are determined by a combination of the national ballot, and the nine regional ballots. Only the national ballot figures are shown here.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Provincial_elections">Provincial elections</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Azanian_People%27s_Organisation&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Provincial elections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:right; font-size: 95%;"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Election<sup id="cite_ref-dash_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dash-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Cape" title="Eastern Cape">Eastern Cape</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Free_State_(South_African_province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Free State (South African province)">Free State</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Gauteng" title="Gauteng">Gauteng</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/KwaZulu-Natal" title="KwaZulu-Natal">Kwazulu-Natal</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Limpopo" title="Limpopo">Limpopo</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Mpumalanga" title="Mpumalanga">Mpumalanga</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/North_West_(South_African_province)" title="North West (South African province)">North-West</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Cape" title="Northern Cape">Northern Cape</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Western_Cape" title="Western Cape">Western Cape</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th>%</th> <th>Seats </th> <th>%</th> <th>Seats </th> <th>%</th> <th>Seats </th> <th>%</th> <th>Seats </th> <th>%</th> <th>Seats </th> <th>%</th> <th>Seats </th> <th>%</th> <th>Seats </th> <th>%</th> <th>Seats </th> <th>%</th> <th>Seats </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/South_African_general_election,_1999" class="mw-redirect" title="South African general election, 1999">1999</a> </th> <td></td> <td> </td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td>0.16</td> <td>0/73 </td> <td>0.17</td> <td>0/80 </td> <td>0.54</td> <td>0/49 </td> <td>0.10</td> <td>0/30 </td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td>0.41</td> <td>0/30 </td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/South_African_general_election,_2004" class="mw-redirect" title="South African general election, 2004">2004</a> </th> <td>0.17</td> <td>0/63 </td> <td>0.35</td> <td>0/30 </td> <td>0.25</td> <td>0/73 </td> <td>0.26</td> <td>0/80 </td> <td>0.51</td> <td>0/49 </td> <td>0.19</td> <td>0/30 </td> <td>0.29</td> <td>0/33 </td> <td>0.52</td> <td>0/30 </td> <td>0.09</td> <td>0/42 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/South_African_general_election,_2009" class="mw-redirect" title="South African general election, 2009">2009</a> </th> <td>0.20</td> <td>0/63 </td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td>0.21</td> <td>0/73 </td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td>0.38</td> <td>0/49 </td> <td>0.23</td> <td>0/30 </td> <td>0.25</td> <td>0/33 </td> <td>0.60</td> <td>0/30 </td> <td>0.07</td> <td>0/42 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/South_African_general_election,_2014" class="mw-redirect" title="South African general election, 2014">2014</a> </th> <td>0.12</td> <td>0/63 </td> <td>0.16</td> <td>0/30 </td> <td>0.12</td> <td>0/73 </td> <td>0.15</td> <td>0/80 </td> <td>0.26</td> <td>0/49 </td> <td>0.09</td> <td>0/30 </td> <td>0.17</td> <td>0/33 </td> <td>0.25</td> <td>0/30 </td> <td>0.04</td> <td>0/42 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/South_African_general_election,_2019" class="mw-redirect" title="South African general election, 2019">2019</a> </th> <td>0.08</td> <td>0/63 </td> <td>0.09</td> <td>0/30 </td> <td>0.08</td> <td>0/73 </td> <td>0.07</td> <td>0/80 </td> <td>0.17</td> <td>0/49 </td> <td>0.04</td> <td>0/30 </td> <td>0.08</td> <td>0/33 </td> <td>0.25</td> <td>0/30 </td> <td>0.02</td> <td>0/42 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2024_South_African_general_election" title="2024 South African general election">2024</a> </th> <td>0.22</td> <td>0/73 </td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td>0.12</td> <td>0/80 </td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td>0.04</td> <td>0/42 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Municipal_elections">Municipal elections</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Azanian_People%27s_Organisation&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Municipal elections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:right; font-size: 95%;"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Election </th> <th>Votes </th> <th>% </th> <th>+/– </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/South_African_municipal_election,_2000" class="mw-redirect" title="South African municipal election, 2000">2000</a> </th> <td> </td> <td>0.3% </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/South_African_municipal_election,_2006" class="mw-redirect" title="South African municipal election, 2006">2006</a> </th> <td>74,627 </td> <td>0.3% </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/South_African_municipal_election,_2011" class="mw-redirect" title="South African municipal election, 2011">2011</a> </th> <td>50,631 </td> <td>0.2% </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/South_African_municipal_election,_2016" class="mw-redirect" title="South African municipal election, 2016">2016</a><sup id="cite_ref-iec_summary_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iec_summary-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td>28,049 </td> <td>0.07% </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2021_South_African_municipal_elections" title="2021 South African municipal elections">2021</a><sup id="cite_ref-iec_summary_2021_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iec_summary_2021-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td>17,744 </td> <td>0.06% </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Azanian_People%27s_Organisation&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://azapo.org.za/leadership/">"Leadership – Azanian People's Organisation (AZAPO)"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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New Frame<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Azapo+seeks+renewal&rft.pub=New+Frame&rft.date=2022-03-21&rft.au=Imraan+Buccus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newframe.com%2Fazapo-seeks-renewal%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzanian+People%27s+Organisation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-iol_merger-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-iol_merger_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/azapo-sopa-merge-ahead-of-polls-1.1528174">"Azapo, Sopa merge ahead of polls"</a>. Independent Online. 6 June 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Azapo%2C+Sopa+merge+ahead+of+polls&rft.pub=Independent+Online&rft.date=2013-06-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iol.co.za%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fazapo-sopa-merge-ahead-of-polls-1.1528174&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzanian+People%27s+Organisation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-iol_impasse-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-iol_impasse_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/impasse-thwarts-azapo-sopa-merger-1.1617223">"Impasse thwarts Azapo, Sopa merger"</a>. Independent Online. 5 December 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Impasse+thwarts+Azapo%2C+Sopa+merger&rft.pub=Independent+Online&rft.date=2013-12-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iol.co.za%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fimpasse-thwarts-azapo-sopa-merger-1.1617223&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzanian+People%27s+Organisation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dash-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dash_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.elections.org.za/NPEDashboard/app/dashboard.html">"Results Dashboard"</a>. <i>www.elections.org.za</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.elections.org.za&rft.atitle=Results+Dashboard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.elections.org.za%2FNPEDashboard%2Fapp%2Fdashboard.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzanian+People%27s+Organisation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-iec_summary-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-iec_summary_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elections.org.za/content/LGEPublicReports/402/Detailed%20Results/National.pdf">"Results Summary - All Ballots"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. elections.org.za<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Results+Summary+-+All+Ballots&rft.pub=elections.org.za&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.elections.org.za%2Fcontent%2FLGEPublicReports%2F402%2FDetailed%2520Results%2FNational.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzanian+People%27s+Organisation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-iec_summary_2021-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-iec_summary_2021_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://results.elections.org.za/home/LGEPublicReports/1091/Detailed%20Results/National.pdf">"Results Summary - All Ballots"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. elections.org.za<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Results+Summary+-+All+Ballots&rft.pub=elections.org.za&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fresults.elections.org.za%2Fhome%2FLGEPublicReports%2F1091%2FDetailed%2520Results%2FNational.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzanian+People%27s+Organisation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Azanian_People%27s_Organisation&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 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aria-labelledby="Political_parties_in_South_Africa432" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:South_Africa_political_parties" title="Special:EditPage/Template:South Africa political parties"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Political_parties_in_South_Africa432" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_South_Africa" title="List of political parties in South Africa">Political parties</a> in <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_South_Africa" title="National Assembly of South Africa">National Assembly</a><br /><small>(with number of seats held)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_National_Congress" title="African National Congress">African National Congress</a> (159)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Alliance_(South_Africa)" title="Democratic Alliance (South Africa)">Democratic Alliance</a> (87)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/UMkhonto_weSizwe_(political_party)" title="UMkhonto weSizwe (political party)">uMkhonto weSizwe</a> (58)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_Freedom_Fighters" title="Economic Freedom Fighters">Economic Freedom Fighters</a> (39)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inkatha_Freedom_Party" title="Inkatha Freedom Party">Inkatha Freedom Party</a> (17)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriotic_Alliance" title="Patriotic Alliance">Patriotic Alliance</a> (9)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Front_Plus" title="Freedom Front Plus">Freedom Front Plus</a> (6)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ActionSA" title="ActionSA">ActionSA</a> (6)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Christian_Democratic_Party" title="African Christian Democratic Party">African Christian Democratic Party</a> (3)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Democratic_Movement" title="United Democratic Movement">United Democratic Movement</a> (3)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rise_Mzansi" title="Rise Mzansi">Rise Mzansi</a> (2)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Transformation_Movement" title="African Transformation Movement">African Transformation Movement</a> (2)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Jama-ah" title="Al Jama-ah">Al Jama-ah</a> (2)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_Council_of_Provinces" title="National Council of Provinces">National Council of Provinces</a><br /><small>(with number of seats held)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_National_Congress" title="African National Congress">African National Congress</a> (54)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Alliance_(South_Africa)" title="Democratic Alliance (South Africa)">Democratic Alliance</a> (20)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_Freedom_Fighters" title="Economic Freedom Fighters">Economic Freedom Fighters</a> (11)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Front_Plus" title="Freedom Front Plus">Freedom Front Plus</a> (3)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inkatha_Freedom_Party" title="Inkatha Freedom Party">Inkatha Freedom Party</a> (2)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Communist and socialist</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Content_Movement" title="African Content Movement">African Content Movement</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Azanian People's Organisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolsheviks_Party_of_South_Africa" title="Bolsheviks Party of South Africa">Bolsheviks Party of South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_People%27s_Ambassadors" title="National People's Ambassadors">National People's Ambassadors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Revolutionary_Workers_Party_(South_Africa)" title="Socialist Revolutionary Workers Party (South Africa)">Socialist Revolutionary Workers Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Communist_Party" title="South African Communist Party">South African Communist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers_International_Vanguard_Party" title="Workers International Vanguard Party">Workers International Vanguard Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers_and_Socialist_Party" title="Workers and Socialist Party">Workers and Socialist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Congress_(South_Africa)" title="United Congress (South Africa)">United Congress</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Social democratic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Congress_of_Democrats" title="African Congress of Democrats">African Congress of Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Democratic_Change" title="African Democratic Change">African Democratic Change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afrikan_Alliance_of_Social_Democrats" title="Afrikan Alliance of Social Democrats">Afrikan Alliance of Social Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agang_South_Africa" title="Agang South Africa">Agang South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_People_(South_African_political_party)" title="Congress of the People (South African political party)">Congress of the People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Good_(political_party)" title="Good (political party)">Good</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Freedom_Party" title="National Freedom Party">National Freedom Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_of_Africans_Unity" title="Power of Africans Unity">Power of Africans Unity</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pan-Africanist</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_People%27s_Convention" title="African People's Convention">African People's Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abantu_Batho_Congress" title="Abantu Batho Congress">Abantu Batho Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_First_Land_First" title="Black First Land First">Black First Land First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan_Africanist_Congress_of_Azania" title="Pan Africanist Congress of Azania">Pan Africanist Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan_Africanist_Movement" title="Pan Africanist Movement">Pan Africanist Movement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Minority rights</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Africa_Muslim_Party" title="Africa Muslim Party">Africa Muslim Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Muslim_Congress" title="Cape Muslim Congress">Cape Muslim Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compatriots_of_South_Africa" title="Compatriots of South Africa">Compatriots of South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minority_Front" title="Minority Front">Minority Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Coloured_Congress" title="National Coloured Congress">National Coloured Congress</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Liberal and libertarian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capitalist_Party_of_South_Africa" title="Capitalist Party of South Africa">Capitalist Party of South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Liberal_Congress" title="Democratic Liberal Congress">Democratic Liberal Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Democrats_(South_Africa)" title="Free Democrats (South Africa)">Free Democrats</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Agrarian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civic_Warriors_of_Maruleng" title="Civic Warriors of Maruleng">Civic Warriors of Maruleng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_Party_(South_Africa)" title="Land Party (South Africa)">Land Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Christian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hope4SA" title="Hope4SA">#Hope4SA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Party_(South_Africa)" title="Christian Democratic Party (South Africa)">Christian Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Political_Movement" title="Christian Political Movement">Christian Political Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_Emancipation_Forum" title="Economic Emancipation Forum">Economic Emancipation Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_Governance_Movement" title="Kingdom Governance Movement">Kingdom Governance Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Christian_Democratic_Party" title="United Christian Democratic Party">United Christian Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniting_People_First" title="Uniting People First">Uniting People First</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Environmentalist</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ECOPEACE_Party" title="ECOPEACE Party">ECOPEACE Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_South_Africa" title="Green Party of South Africa">Green Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Single issue</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Security_Congress" title="African Security Congress">African Security Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_Things_Are_Possible_(political_party)" title="All Things Are Possible (political party)">All Things Are Possible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_for_Transformation_for_All" title="Alliance for Transformation for All">Alliance for Transformation for All</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dagga_Party" title="Dagga Party">Dagga Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forum_for_Service_Delivery" title="Forum for Service Delivery">Forum for Service Delivery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_South_Africa_Party" title="New South Africa Party">New South Africa Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Dudula" title="Operation Dudula">Operation Dudula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Referendum_Party_(South_Africa)" title="Referendum Party (South Africa)">Referendum Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Maintenance_and_Estate_Beneficiaries_Association" title="South African Maintenance and Estate Beneficiaries Association">South African Maintenance and Estate Beneficiaries Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_Forward" title="Women Forward">Women Forward</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Local issues and regionalist</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Better_Residents_Association" title="Better Residents Association">Better Residents Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Independence_Party" title="Cape Independence Party">Cape Independence Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dabalorivhuwa_Patriotic_Front" title="Dabalorivhuwa Patriotic Front">Dabalorivhuwa Patriotic Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gazankulu_Liberation_Congress" title="Gazankulu Liberation Congress">Gazankulu Liberation Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karoo_Gemeenskap_Party" title="Karoo Gemeenskap Party">Karoo Gemeenskap Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MAP16_Civic_Movement" title="MAP16 Civic Movement">MAP16 Civic Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plaaslike_Besorgde_Inwoners" title="Plaaslike Besorgde Inwoners">Plaaslike Besorgde Inwoners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sterkspruit_Civic_Association" title="Sterkspruit Civic Association">Sterkspruit Civic Association</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Conservative</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Covenant" title="African Covenant">African Covenant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Independent_Congress" title="African Independent Congress">African Independent Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Revelation_Congress" title="International Revelation Congress">International Revelation Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Party_South_Africa_(2008)" title="National Party South Africa (2008)">National Party South Africa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Afrikaner nationalist</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afrikaner_Self-determination_Party" title="Afrikaner Self-determination Party">Afrikaner Self-determination Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boerestaat_Party" title="Boerestaat Party">Boerestaat Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herstigte_Nasionale_Party" title="Herstigte Nasionale Party">Herstigte Nasionale Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Conservative_Party_of_South_Africa" title="National Conservative Party of South Africa">National Conservative Party of South Africa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">African traditionalist</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Mantungwa_Community" title="African Mantungwa Community">African Mantungwa Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Renaissance_Unity_Party" title="African Renaissance Unity Party">African Renaissance Unity Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dikwankwetla_Party_of_South_Africa" title="Dikwankwetla Party of South Africa">Dikwankwetla Party of South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_People%27s_Front_(South_Africa)" title="National People's Front (South Africa)">National People's Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Religious_Freedom_Party" title="National Religious Freedom Party">National Religious Freedom Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_National_Congress_of_Traditional_Authorities" title="South African National Congress of Traditional Authorities">South African National Congress of Traditional Authorities</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Uncategorised</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Change_Academy" title="African Change Academy">African Change Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Congress_for_Transformation" title="African Congress for Transformation">African Congress for Transformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_People%27s_Movement" title="African People's Movement">African People's Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Citizens_for_Change" title="Alliance of Citizens for Change">Alliance of Citizens for Change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Independent_Party_(South_Africa)" title="Democratic Independent Party (South Africa)">Democratic Independent Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Civic_Organisation_of_South_Africa" title="Independent Civic Organisation of South Africa">Independent Civic Organisation of South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Peoples_Independent_Civic_Organisation" title="The Peoples Independent Civic Organisation">The Peoples Independent Civic Organisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Movement_for_Change_(South_Africa)" title="People's Movement for Change (South Africa)">People's Movement for Change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Political_Party" title="South African Political Party">South African Political Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Rainbow_Alliance" title="South African Rainbow Alliance">South African Rainbow Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spectrum_National_Party" title="Spectrum National Party">Spectrum National Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Team_Sugar_South_Africa" title="Team Sugar South Africa">Team Sugar South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Independent_Movement" title="United Independent Movement">United Independent Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiluva" title="Xiluva">Xiluva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ximoko_Party" title="Ximoko Party">Ximoko Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Communist</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_Azania" title="Socialist Party of Azania">Socialist Party of Azania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers_Party_of_South_Africa" title="Workers Party of South Africa">Workers Party of South Africa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Socialist and social democratic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(South_Africa)" title="Labour Party (South Africa)">Labour Party (1910)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(South_Africa,_1969)" title="Labour Party (South Africa, 1969)">Labour Party (1969)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Labour_Party_(South_Africa)" title="New Labour Party (South Africa)">New Labour Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Independent_Front" title="United Independent Front">United Independent Front</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_South_Africa" title="Liberalism in South Africa">Liberal and progressive</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(South_Africa)" title="Democratic Party (South Africa)">Democratic Party (1989)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(South_Africa,_1973)" title="Democratic Party (South Africa, 1973)">Democratic Party (1973)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Progressive_Party_(Transkei)" title="Democratic Progressive Party (Transkei)">Democratic Progressive Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Reform_Party_(South_Africa)" title="Democratic Reform Party (South Africa)">Democratic Reform Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominion_Party_(South_Africa)" title="Dominion Party (South Africa)">Dominion Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Alliance_(South_Africa)" title="Federal Alliance (South Africa)">Federal Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Democrats" title="Independent Democrats">Independent Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Party_(South_Africa)" title="Independent Party (South Africa)">Independent Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_South_Africa" title="Liberal Party of South Africa">Liberal Party of South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Federal_Party" title="Progressive Federal Party">Progressive Federal Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Party_(Cape_Colony)" title="Progressive Party (Cape Colony)">Progressive Party (1890)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Party_(South_Africa)" title="Progressive Party (South Africa)">Progressive Party (1959)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Reform_Party_(South_Africa)" title="Progressive Reform Party (South Africa)">Progressive Reform Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reform_Party_(South_Africa)" title="Reform Party (South Africa)">Reform Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Business_Party" title="South African Business Party">South African Business Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Democratic_Congress" title="South African Democratic Congress">South African Democratic Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Party_(Cape_Colony)" title="South African Party (Cape Colony)">South African Party (1896)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Party" title="South African Party">South African Party (1910)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Federal_Party" title="Union Federal Party">Union Federal Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unionist_Party_(South_Africa)" title="Unionist Party (South Africa)">Unionist Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Conservative</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Alliance_(South_Africa)" title="Christian Democratic Alliance (South Africa)">Christian Democratic Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Front_(South_Africa)" title="Christian Front (South Africa)">Christian Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christen_Party/Christian_Party" title="Christen Party/Christian Party">Christen Party/Christian Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Democrats_(South_Africa)" title="Federation of Democrats (South Africa)">Federation of Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herenigde_Nasionale_Party" title="Herenigde Nasionale Party">Herenigde Nasionale Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Het_Volk_(political_party)" title="Het Volk (political party)">Het Volk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Conservative_Party_(South_Africa)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Conservative Party (South Africa)">National Conservative Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_People%27s_Party_(South_Africa,_1981)" title="National People's Party (South Africa, 1981)">National People's Party (1981)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Union_(South_Africa)" title="National Union (South Africa)">National Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_National_Party_(South_Africa)" title="New National Party (South Africa)">New National Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Republic_Party_(South_Africa)" title="New Republic Party (South Africa)">New Republic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solidarity_(South_African_political_party)" title="Solidarity (South African political party)">Solidarity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Party_(Republic_of_South_Africa)" title="South African Party (Republic of South Africa)">South African Party (1977)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Party_(South_Africa)" title="United Party (South Africa)">United Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Afrikaner_nationalism" title="Afrikaner nationalism">Afrikaner nationalist</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afrikaner_Bond" title="Afrikaner Bond">Afrikaner Bond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afrikaner_Eenheidsbeweging" title="Afrikaner Eenheidsbeweging">Afrikaner Eenheidsbeweging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afrikaner_Party" title="Afrikaner Party">Afrikaner Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afrikaner_Volksfront" title="Afrikaner Volksfront">Afrikaner Volksfront</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(South_Africa)" title="Conservative Party (South Africa)">Conservative Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Front_National_(South_Africa)" title="Front National (South Africa)">Front National</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Action_(South_Africa)" title="National Action (South Africa)">National Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Party_(South_Africa)" title="National Party (South Africa)">National Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orangia_Unie" title="Orangia Unie">Orangia Unie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purified_National_Party" title="Purified National Party">Purified National Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Gentile_National_Socialist_Movement" title="South African Gentile National Socialist Movement">South African Gentile National Socialist Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volksparty" title="Volksparty">Volksparty</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abolition_of_Income_Tax_and_Usury_Party" title="Abolition of Income Tax and Usury Party">Abolition of Income Tax and Usury Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keep_It_Straight_and_Simple_Party" title="Keep It Straight and Simple Party">Keep It Straight and Simple Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khoisan_Aboriginal_and_Others_Movement" title="Khoisan Aboriginal and Others Movement">Khoisan Aboriginal and Others Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Alliance_(South_Africa)" title="National Alliance (South Africa)">National Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Convention_(South_Africa)" title="National Democratic Convention (South Africa)">National Democratic Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_People%27s_Party_(South_Africa)" title="National People's Party (South Africa)">National People's Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_and_Justice_Congress" title="Peace and Justice Congress">Peace and Justice Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pro-death_Penalty_Party_(South_Africa)" title="Pro-death Penalty Party (South Africa)">Pro-death Penalty Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubuntu_Party" title="Ubuntu Party">Ubuntu Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Party_(South_Africa)" title="Universal Party (South Africa)">Universal Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bantustan Parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ciskei_National_Independence_Party" title="Ciskei National Independence Party">Ciskei National Independence Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transkei_National_Independence_Party" title="Transkei National Independence Party">Transkei National Independence Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Party_of_Venda" title="National Party of Venda">National Party of Venda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dikwankwetla_Party_of_South_Africa" title="Dikwankwetla Party of South Africa">Dikwankwetla Party of South Africa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_South_Africa" title="List of political parties in South Africa">List of political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_South_Africa" title="Politics of South Africa">Politics of South Africa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Politics_of_South_Africa409" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Politics_of_South_Africa_navbox" title="Template:Politics of South Africa navbox"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Politics_of_South_Africa_navbox" title="Template talk:Politics of South Africa navbox"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Politics_of_South_Africa_navbox" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Politics of South Africa navbox"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Politics_of_South_Africa409" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_South_Africa" title="Politics of South Africa">Politics of South Africa</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By province</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Eastern_Cape" title="Politics of the Eastern Cape">Eastern Cape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_State_(province)#Law_and_government" title="Free State (province)">Free State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gauteng#Law_and_government" title="Gauteng">Gauteng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KwaZulu-Natal#Law_and_government" title="KwaZulu-Natal">KwaZulu-Natal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Limpopo" title="Politics of Limpopo">Limpopo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Mpumalanga" title="Politics of Mpumalanga">Mpumalanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_West_(South_African_province)#Law_and_government" title="North West (South African province)">North West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Northern_Cape" title="Politics of the Northern Cape">Northern Cape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Western_Cape" title="Politics of the Western Cape">Western Cape</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_South_Africa.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of South Africa"><img alt="Flag of South Africa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/50px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/75px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/100px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Flag of South Africa</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Political_movements_in_South_Africa" title="Category:Political movements in South Africa">Political<br />movements</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ideologies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_nationalism" title="African nationalism">African nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afrikaner_nationalism" title="Afrikaner nationalism">Afrikaner nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_South_Africa" title="Anarchism in South Africa">Anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_resistance_to_war" title="South African resistance to war">Anti-war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Consciousness_Movement" title="Black Consciousness Movement">Black consciousness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_movement_in_South_Africa" title="Environmental movement in South Africa">Environmentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federalism_in_South_Africa" title="Federalism in South Africa">Federalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_South_Africa" title="Feminism in South Africa">Feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_South_Africa" title="Liberalism in South Africa">Liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarianism_in_South_Africa" title="Libertarianism in South Africa">Libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Africanism" title="Pan-Africanism">Pan-Africanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-racialism" title="Non-racialism">Non-racialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trotskyism_in_South_Africa" title="Trotskyism in South Africa">Trotskyism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_South_Africa" title="List of political parties in South Africa">Political parties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>see <a href="/wiki/Template:South_Africa_political_parties" title="Template:South Africa political parties">South Africa political parties</a></i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other <a href="/wiki/Political_organisation" title="Political organisation">political<br />organisations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AfriForum" title="AfriForum">AfriForum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afrikanerbond" title="Afrikanerbond">Afrikanerbond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afrikaner_Weerstandsbeweging" title="Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging">Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging</a> (AWB)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Traditional_Leaders_of_South_Africa" title="Congress of Traditional Leaders of South Africa">Congress of Traditional Leaders of South Africa</a> (CONTRALESA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_South_African_Students" title="Congress of South African Students">Congress of South African Students</a> (COSAS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earthlife_Africa" title="Earthlife Africa">Earthlife Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keep_Left_(South_Africa)" title="Keep Left (South Africa)">Keep Left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khanya_College" title="Khanya College">Khanya College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koeberg_Alert" title="Koeberg Alert">Koeberg Alert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesbian_and_Gay_Equality_Project" title="Lesbian and Gay Equality Project">Lesbian and Gay Equality Project</a> (LGEP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_Against_Gangsterism_and_Drugs" title="People Against Gangsterism and Drugs">People Against Gangsterism and Drugs</a> (PAGAD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Liberal_Students%27_Association" title="South African Liberal Students' Association">South African Liberal Students' Association</a> (SALSA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Students_Congress" title="South African Students Congress">South African Students Congress</a> (SASCO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_South_African_Wine_Initiative" title="The South African Wine Initiative">South African Wine Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zabalaza_Anarchist_Communist_Front" title="Zabalaza Anarchist Communist Front">Zabalaza Anarchist Communist Front</a> (ZACF)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Trade_unions_in_South_Africa" title="Trade unions in South Africa">Trade unions</a> and<br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_social_movements_in_South_Africa" title="List of social movements in South Africa">Social movements</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>see <a href="/wiki/Template:Trade_unions_in_South_Africa_navbox" title="Template:Trade unions in South Africa navbox">South Africa trade unions</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Equal_Education" title="Equal Education">Equal Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandela_Park_Backyarders" title="Mandela Park Backyarders">Mandela Park Backyarders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_Against_Suffering,_Oppression_and_Poverty" class="mw-redirect" title="People Against Suffering, Oppression and Poverty">People Against Suffering, Oppression and Poverty</a> (PASSOP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poor_People%27s_Alliance" title="Poor People's Alliance">Poor People's Alliance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abahlali_baseMjondolo" title="Abahlali baseMjondolo">Abahlali baseMjondolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landless_Peoples_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Landless Peoples Movement">Landless Peoples Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Cape_Anti-Eviction_Campaign" title="Western Cape Anti-Eviction Campaign">Western Cape Anti-Eviction Campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reclaim_The_City" title="Reclaim The City">Reclaim the City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Justice_Coalition_(South_Africa)" title="Social Justice Coalition (South Africa)">Social Justice Coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treatment_Action_Campaign" title="Treatment Action Campaign">Treatment Action Campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Unemployed_Peoples%27_Movement" title="South African Unemployed Peoples' Movement">Unemployed Peoples' Movement</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Law_of_South_Africa" title="Law of South Africa">Law</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>see <a href="/wiki/Template:SA_law" title="Template:SA law">South African law</a></i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Political culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Renaissance" title="African Renaissance">African Renaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_media_in_South_Africa" title="Alternative media in South Africa">Alternative media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azania#South_Africa" title="Azania">Azania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_South_Africa" title="Corruption in South Africa">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(Don%27t)_touch_me_on_my_studio" title="(Don't) touch me on my studio">(Don't) touch me on my studio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Charter" title="Freedom Charter">Freedom Charter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proudly_South_African" title="Proudly South African">Proudly South African</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainbow_nation" title="Rainbow nation">Rainbow nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renaming_in_South_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Renaming in South Africa">Renaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenderpreneur" title="Tenderpreneur">Tenderpreneurs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toyi-toyi" title="Toyi-toyi">Toyi-toyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubuntu_(philosophy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ubuntu (philosophy)">Ubuntu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UnFreedom_Day" title="UnFreedom Day">UnFreedom Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_monopoly_capital" title="White monopoly capital">White monopoly capital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ungovernability" class="mw-redirect" title="Ungovernability">Ungovernability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenophobia_in_South_Africa" title="Xenophobia in South Africa">Xenophobia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Chinese_sentiment_in_South_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Chinese sentiment in South Africa">Anti-Chinese sentiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Indian_sentiment_in_South_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Indian sentiment in South Africa">Anti-Indian sentiment</a></li></ul></li> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Slogans</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Amandla_(power)" title="Amandla (power)">Amandla Ngawethu!</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/No_Land!_No_House!_No_Vote!" title="No Land! No House! No Vote!">No Land! No House! No Vote!</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dubul%27_ibhunu" title="Dubul' ibhunu">"Dubul' ibhunu" (Shoot the Boer)</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/One_Settler,_One_Bullet" title="One Settler, One Bullet">One Settler, One Bullet</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Each_one_teach_one" title="Each one teach one">"Each One, Teach One"</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books and<br />periodicals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/African_Communist" title="African Communist">African Communist</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Amandla_(magazine)" title="Amandla (magazine)">Amandla</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/ANC_Today" title="ANC Today">ANC Today</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Biko_(book)" title="Biko (book)">Biko</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/I_Write_What_I_Like" title="I Write What I Like">I Write What I Like</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Long_Walk_to_Freedom" title="Long Walk to Freedom">Long Walk to Freedom</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Molotov_Cocktail_(magazine)" title="Molotov Cocktail (magazine)">Molotov Cocktail</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/No_Land!_No_House!_No_Vote!_(book)" title="No Land! No House! No Vote! (book)">No Land! No House! No Vote!</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corrective_rape" title="Corrective rape">Corrective rape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_South_Africa" title="Crime in South Africa">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Independence" class="mw-redirect" title="Cape Independence">Cape Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_South_Africa" title="Elections in South Africa">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E-toll_(South_Africa)" title="E-toll (South Africa)">e-tolling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_farm_attacks" title="South African farm attacks">Farm attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gupta_family" title="Gupta family">Gupta family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_South_Africa" title="HIV/AIDS in South Africa">HIV/AIDS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_brokering" title="Labour brokering">Labour brokering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_land_occupations_in_South_Africa" title="List of land occupations in South Africa">Land occupations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inequality_in_post-apartheid_South_Africa" title="Inequality in post-apartheid South Africa">Legacies of apartheid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lindela_Repatriation_Centre" title="Lindela Repatriation Centre">Lindela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Phala_Phala_Robbery" title="2020 Phala Phala Robbery">Phala Phala robbery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_assassinations_in_post-apartheid_South_Africa" title="Political assassinations in post-apartheid South Africa">Political assassinations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_repression_in_post-apartheid_South_Africa" title="Political repression in post-apartheid South Africa">Political repression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protest_in_South_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Protest in South Africa">Protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_violence_in_South_Africa" title="Sexual violence in South Africa">Sexual violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shack_fires_in_South_Africa" title="Shack fires in South Africa">Shack fires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_South_Africa" title="Terrorism in South Africa">Terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Force_(South_Africa)#Post_1994_use" title="Third Force (South Africa)">Third Force</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Politics_of_South_Africa" title="Category:Politics of South Africa">Category</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Political_history_of_South_Africa288" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Political_history_of_South_Africa" title="Template:Political history of South Africa"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Political_history_of_South_Africa" title="Template talk:Political history of South Africa"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Political_history_of_South_Africa" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Political history of South Africa"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Political_history_of_South_Africa288" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Political history of <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct <a href="/wiki/Polity" title="Polity">polities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Mapungubwe" title="Kingdom of Mapungubwe">Kingdom of Mapungubwe</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1075</span>–<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1220</span>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Cape_Colony" title="Dutch Cape Colony">Dutch Cape Colony</a> (1652–1806)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mthethwa_Paramountcy" class="mw-redirect" title="Mthethwa Paramountcy">Mthethwa Paramountcy</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1780</span>–1817)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ndwandwe" title="Ndwandwe">Ndwandwe Kingdom</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1780</span>–1819)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cape_Colony" title="Cape Colony">Cape Colony</a> (1795–1910)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Zulu_Kingdom" title="Zulu Kingdom">Zulu Kingdom</a> (1816–1897)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Natalia_Republic" title="Natalia Republic">Natalia Republic</a> (1839–1843)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Natal" title="Colony of Natal">Natal Colony</a> (1843–1910)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Orange_Free_State" title="Orange Free State">Orange Free State</a> (1854–1902)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_African_Republic" title="South African Republic">South African Republic</a> (1856–1902)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Griqualand_East" title="Griqualand East">Griqualand East</a> (1861–1879)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Griqualand_West" title="Griqualand West">Griqualand West</a> (1870–1873)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/State_of_Goshen" title="State of Goshen">Goshen</a> (1882–1883)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Stellaland" title="Stellaland">Stellaland</a> (1882–1885)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nieuwe_Republiek" title="Nieuwe Republiek">Nieuwe Republiek</a> (1884–1888)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Upingtonia" title="Upingtonia">Upingtonia</a> (1885–1887)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Klein_Vrystaat" title="Klein Vrystaat">Klein Vrystaat</a> (1886–1891)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Orange_River_Colony" title="Orange River Colony">Orange River Colony</a> (1902–1910)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Transvaal_Colony" title="Transvaal Colony">Transvaal Colony</a> (1902–1910)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Union_of_South_Africa" title="Union of South Africa">Union of South Africa</a> (1910–1961)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Transkei" title="Transkei">Transkei</a> (1976–1994)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bophuthatswana" title="Bophuthatswana">Bophuthatswana</a> (1977–1994)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Venda" title="Venda">Venda</a> (1979–1994)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ciskei" title="Ciskei">Ciskei</a> (1981–1994)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Early_history_of_South_Africa" title="Early history of South Africa">Pre-colonial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bantu_expansion" title="Bantu expansion">Bantu migrations</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Salt_River" title="Battle of Salt River">Battle of Salt River</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_South_Africa_(1652%E2%80%931815)" title="History of South Africa (1652–1815)">1652–1815</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Cape_Colony_before_1806#First_settlement" title="History of the Cape Colony before 1806">Dutch settlement</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Huguenots_in_South_Africa" title="Huguenots in South Africa">French Huguenot settlement</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Khoikhoi%E2%80%93Dutch_Wars" title="Khoikhoi–Dutch Wars">Khoikhoi–Dutch Wars</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Xhosa_Wars" title="Xhosa Wars">Xhosa Wars</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Muizenberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Muizenberg">Battle of Muizenberg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Blaauwberg" title="Battle of Blaauwberg">Battle of Blaauwberg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Dutch_Treaty_of_1814" title="Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814">Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_South_Africa_(1815%E2%80%931910)" title="History of South Africa (1815–1910)">1815–1910</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mfecane" title="Mfecane">Mfecane</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1820_Settlers" title="1820 Settlers">1820 Settlers</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Great_Trek" title="Great Trek">Great Trek</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Boer_Republics" class="mw-redirect" title="Boer Republics">Boer Republics</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Transvaal_Civil_War" title="Transvaal Civil War">Transvaal Civil War</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mineral_Revolution" title="Mineral Revolution">Mineral Revolution</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Witwatersrand_Gold_Rush" title="Witwatersrand Gold Rush">Witwatersrand Gold Rush</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_African_Wars_(1879%E2%80%931915)" title="South African Wars (1879–1915)">South African Wars</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_Africa_Act_1909" title="South Africa Act 1909">South Africa Act 1909</a> (<a href="/wiki/National_Convention_(South_Africa)" title="National Convention (South Africa)">National Convention</a>)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_South_Africa_(1910%E2%80%9348)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of South Africa (1910–48)">1910–1948</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_West_Africa_campaign" title="South West Africa campaign">South West Africa campaign</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Maritz_rebellion" title="Maritz rebellion">Maritz rebellion</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rand_Rebellion" title="Rand Rebellion">Rand Rebellion</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Great_Depression_in_South_Africa" title="Great Depression in South Africa">Great Depression</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1946_African_Mine_Workers%27_Union_strike" title="1946 African Mine Workers' Union strike">1946 African Mine Workers' Union strike</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bantustan" title="Bantustan">Bantustans</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Apartheid" title="Apartheid">Apartheid</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1948_South_African_general_election" title="1948 South African general election">1948 general election</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Apartheid_legislation" title="Apartheid legislation">Apartheid legislation</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pass_laws" class="mw-redirect" title="Pass laws">Pass laws</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Internal_resistance_to_apartheid" title="Internal resistance to apartheid">Internal resistance</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Coloured-vote_constitutional_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="Coloured-vote constitutional crisis">Coloured-vote constitutional crisis</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Defiance_Campaign" title="Defiance Campaign">Defiance Campaign</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_People_(1955)" title="Congress of the People (1955)">Congress of the People</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Charter" title="Freedom Charter">Freedom Charter</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_March_(South_Africa)" title="Women's March (South Africa)">Women's March 1956</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1957_Alexandra_bus_boycott" title="1957 Alexandra bus boycott">1957 Alexandra bus boycott</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sharpeville_massacre" title="Sharpeville massacre">Sharpeville massacre</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1960_South_African_republic_referendum" title="1960 South African republic referendum">1960 republic referendum</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_South_Africa_during_apartheid" title="Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid">International isolation</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_1761" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution 1761">UN Resolution 1761</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_591" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 591">UNSC Resolution 591</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Academic_boycott_of_South_Africa" title="Academic boycott of South Africa">Academic boycott</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Disinvestment_from_South_Africa" title="Disinvestment from South Africa">Disinvestment</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Constructive_engagement" title="Constructive engagement">Constructive engagement</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tar_Baby_Option" class="mw-redirect" title="Tar Baby Option">Tar Baby Option</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sporting_boycott_of_South_Africa_during_the_apartheid_era" title="Sporting boycott of South Africa during the apartheid era">Sporting boycott</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Apartheid-era_South_Africa_and_the_Olympics" title="Apartheid-era South Africa and the Olympics">Olympics</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_and_apartheid" title="Rugby union and apartheid">Rugby union</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rivonia_Trial" title="Rivonia Trial">Rivonia Trial</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Durban_Moment" title="Durban Moment">Durban Moment</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_African_Border_War" title="South African Border War">Border War</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93South_Africa_relations#Strategic_relations" title="Israel–South Africa relations">Israeli alliance</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93South_Africa_Agreement" title="Israel–South Africa Agreement">Israel–South Africa Agreement</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mafeje_affair" title="Mafeje affair">Mafeje affair</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Soweto_uprising" title="Soweto uprising">Soweto Uprising</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_Africa_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="South Africa and weapons of mass destruction">Weapons of mass destruction</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Project_Coast" title="Project Coast">Project Coast</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Church_Street_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="Church Street bombing">Church Street bombing</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1983_South_African_constitutional_referendum" title="1983 South African constitutional referendum">1983 constitutional referendum</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Langa_massacre" title="Langa massacre">Langa massacre</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rubicon_speech" title="Rubicon speech">Rubicon speech</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Vula" title="Operation Vula">Operation Vula</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dakar_Conference" title="Dakar Conference">Dakar Conference</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1987_Transkei_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1987 Transkei coup d'état">Transkei coup d'état</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1990_Ciskei_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1990 Ciskei coup d'état">Ciskei coup d'état</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1990_Venda_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1990 Venda coup d'état">Venda coup d'état</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Third_Force_(South_Africa)" title="Third Force (South Africa)">Third Force</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Negotiations_to_end_apartheid_in_South_Africa" title="Negotiations to end apartheid in South Africa">CODESA</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Storming_of_the_Kempton_Park_World_Trade_Centre" title="Storming of the Kempton Park World Trade Centre">Storming of the Kempton Park World Trade Centre</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bisho_massacre" title="Bisho massacre">Bisho massacre</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1992_South_African_apartheid_referendum" title="1992 South African apartheid referendum">1992 apartheid referendum</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Saint_James_Church_massacre" title="Saint James Church massacre">Saint James Church massacre</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1994_Bophuthatswana_crisis" title="1994 Bophuthatswana crisis">Bophuthatswana crisis</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Shell_House_massacre" title="Shell House massacre">Shell House massacre</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_South_Africa_(1994%E2%80%93present)" title="History of South Africa (1994–present)">Post-<br />apartheid</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1994_South_African_general_election" title="1994 South African general election">1994 general election</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Nelson_Mandela" title="Cabinet of Nelson Mandela">Government of National Unity</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_and_Development_Programme" title="Reconstruction and Development Programme">Reconstruction and Development Programme</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Truth_and_Reconciliation_Commission_(South_Africa)" title="Truth and Reconciliation Commission (South Africa)">Truth and Reconciliation Commission</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_African_Arms_Deal" title="South African Arms Deal">Arms Deal</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Floor_crossing_(South_Africa)" title="Floor crossing (South Africa)">Floor crossing</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2002_Soweto_bombings" title="2002 Soweto bombings">Soweto bombings</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/African_Renaissance" title="African Renaissance">African Renaissance</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Travelgate_(South_Africa)" title="Travelgate (South Africa)">Travelgate</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Xenophobia_in_South_Africa" title="Xenophobia in South Africa">Xenophobia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Kennedy_Road" title="Attack on Kennedy Road">Attack on Kennedy Road</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Blikkiesdorp" title="Blikkiesdorp">Blikkiesdorp</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Marikana_killings" class="mw-redirect" title="Marikana killings">Marikana massacre</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Western_Cape_2012_Farm_Workers%27_strike" title="Western Cape 2012 Farm Workers' strike">2012 Western Cape farm workers' strike</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nkandla_(homestead)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nkandla (homestead)">Nkandlagate</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_South_Africa" title="Racism in South Africa">Racism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2014_South_African_platinum_strike" title="2014 South African platinum strike">2014 platinum strike</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rhodes_Must_Fall" title="Rhodes Must Fall">#RhodesMustFall protests</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/FeesMustFall" title="FeesMustFall">#FeesMustFall student protests</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tshwane_riots,_2016" class="mw-redirect" title="Tshwane riots, 2016">Tshwane riots</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2019_service_delivery_protests" title="2019 service delivery protests">2019 service delivery protests</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2019_Johannesburg_riots" title="2019 Johannesburg riots">2019 Johannesburg riots</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Africa" title="COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa">COVID-19 pandemic</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2020_Phala_Phala_Robbery" title="2020 Phala Phala Robbery">2020 Phala Phala Robbery</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2021_South_African_unrest" title="2021 South African unrest">2021 unrest</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lady_R_incident" title="Lady R incident"><i>Lady R</i> incident</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Political culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/African_nationalism" title="African nationalism">African nationalism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Afrikaner_Calvinism" title="Afrikaner Calvinism">Afrikaner Calvinism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Afrikaner_nationalism" title="Afrikaner nationalism">Afrikaner nationalism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_South_Africa" title="Anarchism in South Africa">Anarchism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Azania" title="Azania">Azania</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Baasskap" title="Baasskap">Baasskap</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Boerehaat" title="Boerehaat">Boerehaat</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Black_Consciousness_Movement" title="Black Consciousness Movement">Black Consciousness Movement</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cape_Independence" class="mw-redirect" title="Cape Independence">Cape Independence</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Day_of_the_Vow" title="Day of the Vow">Day of the Vow</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Greater_South_Africa" title="Greater South Africa">Greater South Africa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Honorary_whites" title="Honorary whites">Honorary whites</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Rooi_gevaar" title="Rooi gevaar">Rooi gevaar</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_South_Africa" title="Slavery in South Africa">Slavery</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Swart_gevaar" title="Swart gevaar">Swart gevaar</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Uitlander" title="Uitlander">Uitlander</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Volkstaat" title="Volkstaat">Volkstaat</a></i></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct<br />organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Civic and political<br />organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Afrikaner_Bond" title="Afrikaner Bond">Afrikaner Bond</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Afrikaner_Broederbond" title="Afrikaner Broederbond">Afrikaner Broederbond</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Afrikaner_Party" title="Afrikaner Party">Afrikaner Party</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Abolition_of_Income_Tax_and_Usury_Party" title="Abolition of Income Tax and Usury Party">AITUP</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/African_Political_Organization" class="mw-redirect" title="African Political Organization">APO</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Afrikaner_Volksfront" title="Afrikaner Volksfront">AVF</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Black_People%27s_Convention" title="Black People's Convention">BPC</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Black_Sash" title="Black Sash">Black Sash</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Boerestaat_Party" title="Boerestaat Party">Boerestaat Party</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Alliance_(South_Africa)" title="Christian Democratic Alliance (South Africa)">CDA</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ciskei_National_Independence_Party" title="Ciskei National Independence Party">CNIP</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cape_Town_Ecology_Group" title="Cape Town Ecology Group">CTEG</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_African_Congress_of_Democrats" title="South African Congress of Democrats">COD</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Congress_Alliance" title="Congress Alliance">Congress Alliance</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Conscientious_Objector_Support_Group" title="Conscientious Objector Support Group">COSG</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_South_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservative Party of South Africa">CP</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Left_Front" title="Democratic Left Front">DLF</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dominion_Party_(South_Africa)" title="Dominion Party (South Africa)">Dominion Party</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(South_Africa,_1973)" title="Democratic Party (South Africa, 1973)">DP (1973–1977)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(South_Africa)" title="Democratic Party (South Africa)">DP (1989–2000)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Progressive_Party_(Transkei)" title="Democratic Progressive Party (Transkei)">DPP</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Socialist_Movement_(South_Africa)" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Socialist Movement (South Africa)">DSM</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/End_Conscription_Campaign" title="End Conscription Campaign">ECC</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Federal_Alliance_(South_Africa)" title="Federal Alliance (South Africa)">FA</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Democrats_(South_Africa)" title="Federation of Democrats (South Africa)">FD</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Genootskap_van_Regte_Afrikaners" title="Genootskap van Regte Afrikaners">Genootskap van Regte Afrikaners</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Purified_National_Party" title="Purified National Party">GNP</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Het_Volk_(political_party)" title="Het Volk (political party)">Het Volk</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Herenigde_Nasionale_Party" title="Herenigde Nasionale Party">HNP (Herenigde)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Herstigte_Nasionale_Party" title="Herstigte Nasionale Party">HNP (Herstigte)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Democratic_Alternatives_in_South_Africa" title="Institute for Democratic Alternatives in South Africa">IDASA</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Independent_Democrats" title="Independent Democrats">ID</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Independent_Party_(South_Africa)" title="Independent Party (South Africa)">IP</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_Socialist_League" title="International Socialist League">ISL</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jeugkrag" title="Jeugkrag">Jeugkrag</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg_Reform_Committee" title="Johannesburg Reform Committee">Johannesburg Reform Committee</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(South_Africa)" title="Labour Party (South Africa)">Labour Party (1910–1958)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(South_Africa,_1969)" title="Labour Party (South Africa, 1969)">Labour Party (1969–1994)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_South_Africa" title="Liberal Party of South Africa">Liberal Party (1953–1968)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Action_(South_Africa)" title="National Action (South Africa)">NA</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Conservative_Party_(South_Africa)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Conservative Party (South Africa)">NCP</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Natal_Indian_Congress" title="Natal Indian Congress">Natal Indian Congress</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/New_Labour_Party_(South_Africa)" title="New Labour Party (South Africa)">NLP</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/New_National_Party_(South_Africa)" title="New National Party (South Africa)">NNP</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Party_(South_Africa)" title="National Party (South Africa)">NP</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_People%27s_Party_(South_Africa,_1981)" title="National People's Party (South Africa, 1981)">NPP</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/New_Republic_Party_(South_Africa)" title="New Republic Party (South Africa)">NRP</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Union_of_South_African_Students" title="National Union of South African Students">NUSAS</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Occupy_South_Africa" title="Occupy South Africa">Occupy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Orangia_Unie" title="Orangia Unie">Orangia Unie</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vereniging_van_Oranjewerkers" title="Vereniging van Oranjewerkers">Oranjewerkers</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Orde_Boerevolk" title="Orde Boerevolk">Orde Boerevolk</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Progressive_ANC_Voters_Network" title="Progressive ANC Voters Network">PAVN</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Federal_Party" title="Progressive Federal Party">PFP</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Party_(Cape_Colony)" title="Progressive Party (Cape Colony)">Progressive Party (Cape Colony)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Party_(South_Africa)" title="Progressive Party (South Africa)">Progressive Party</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Reform_Party_(South_Africa)" title="Progressive Reform Party (South Africa)">PRP</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Radio_Freedom" title="Radio Freedom">Radio Freedom</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Reform_Party_(South_Africa)" title="Reform Party (South Africa)">Reform Party</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_African_Business_Party" title="South African Business Party">SABP</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_African_Democratic_Convention" class="mw-redirect" title="South African Democratic Convention">SADECO</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_African_Indian_Congress" title="South African Indian Congress">SAIC</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_African_Students%27_Organisation" title="South African Students' Organisation">SASO</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_African_Youth_Congress" title="South African Youth Congress">SAYCO</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_African_Youth_Revolutionary_Council" title="South African Youth Revolutionary Council">SAYRCO</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_African_Party_(Cape_Colony)" title="South African Party (Cape Colony)">South African Party (Cape Colony)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_African_Party" title="South African Party">South African Party (1911–1934)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_African_Party_(Republic_of_South_Africa)" title="South African Party (Republic of South Africa)">South African Party (1977–1980)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Transkei_National_Independence_Party" title="Transkei National Independence Party">TNIP</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Torch_Commando" title="Torch Commando">Torch Commando</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Union_Federal_Party" title="Union Federal Party">UFP</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_Party_(South_Africa)" title="United Party (South Africa)">United Party</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Unionist_Party_(South_Africa)" title="Unionist Party (South Africa)">Unionist Party</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Party_of_Venda" title="National Party of Venda">National Party of Venda</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Volksparty" title="Volksparty">Volksparty</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Workers_Party_of_South_Africa" title="Workers Party of South Africa">Workers Party</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Workers_Organisation_for_Socialist_Action" title="Workers Organisation for Socialist Action">WOSA</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Trade unions and<br />social movements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anti-Privatisation_Forum" title="Anti-Privatisation Forum">APF</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Black_Consciousness_Movement" title="Black Consciousness Movement">BCM</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Black_Trade_Union_of_Transnet_Workers" title="Black Trade Union of Transnet Workers">BLATU</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Non-European_Trade_Unions" title="Council of Non-European Trade Unions">CNETU</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cape_Town_Stevedoring_Workers_Union" title="Cape Town Stevedoring Workers Union">CTSWU</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Food_and_Canning_Workers%27_Union" title="Food and Canning Workers' Union">FCWU</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Non-European_Trade_Unions" title="Federation of Non-European Trade Unions">FNETU</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_South_African_Trade_Unions" title="Federation of South African Trade Unions">FOSATU</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Industrial_and_Commercial_Workers%27_Union" title="Industrial and Commercial Workers' Union">ICU</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Industrial_Workers_of_the_World_(South_Africa)" title="Industrial Workers of the World (South Africa)">IWW</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Musicians_Union_of_South_Africa" title="Musicians Union of South Africa">MUSA</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Non-European_Unity_Movement" title="Non-European Unity Movement">NEUM</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Union_of_Railway_and_Harbour_Servants" title="National Union of Railway and Harbour Servants">NURHS</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Performing_Arts_Workers%27_Equity" title="Performing Arts Workers' Equity">PAWE</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_African_Agricultural_Plantation_and_Allied_Workers_Union" title="South African Agricultural Plantation and Allied Workers Union">SAAPAWU</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_African_Congress_of_Trade_Unions" title="South African Congress of Trade Unions">SACTU</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_African_Industrial_Federation" title="South African Industrial Federation">SAIF</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_African_Railways_and_Harbours_Union" title="South African Railways and Harbours Union">SARHU</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_African_Trades_Union_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="South African Trades Union Council">SATUC</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Die_Spoorbund" class="mw-redirect" title="Die Spoorbund">Die Spoorbund</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_Democratic_Front_(South_Africa)" title="United Democratic Front (South Africa)">UDF</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Umkosi_Wezintaba" title="Umkosi Wezintaba">Umkosi Wezintaba</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Paramilitary and<br />terrorist organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Azanian_People%27s_Liberation_Army" title="Azanian People's Liberation Army">APLA</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/African_Resistance_Movement" title="African Resistance Movement">ARM</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Afrikaner_Weerstandsbeweging" title="Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging">AWB</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Blanke_Bevrydingsbeweging" title="Blanke Bevrydingsbeweging">BBB</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Boeremag" title="Boeremag">Boeremag</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_African_Gentile_National_Socialist_Movement" title="South African Gentile National Socialist Movement">Greyshirts</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Umkhonto_we_Sizwe" class="mw-redirect" title="Umkhonto we Sizwe">MK</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ossewabrandwag" title="Ossewabrandwag">Ossewabrandwag</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Orde_van_die_Dood" title="Orde van die Dood">Orde van die Dood</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/People_Against_Gangsterism_and_Drugs" title="People Against Gangsterism and Drugs">PAGAD</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_African_National_Front" title="South African National Front">SANF</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Histories of<br />political parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_African_National_Congress" title="History of the African National Congress">African National Congress</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Democratic_Alliance_(South_Africa)" title="History of the Democratic Alliance (South Africa)">Democratic Alliance</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Pan_Africanist_Congress_of_Azania" title="History of the Pan Africanist Congress of Azania">Pan Africanist Congress of Azania</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Political_history_of_South_Africa" title="Category:Political history of South Africa">Category</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="South_Africa_articles599" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:South_Africa_topics" title="Template:South Africa topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:South_Africa_topics" title="Template talk:South Africa topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:South_Africa_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:South Africa topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="South_Africa_articles599" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_South_Africa" title="Outline of South Africa">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_South_Africa" title="History of South Africa">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_South_Africa" title="Timeline of South Africa">Timeline</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_years_in_South_Africa" title="List of years in South Africa">Years</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_history_of_South_Africa" title="Early history of South Africa">Early history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Mapungubwe" title="Kingdom of Mapungubwe">Kingdom of Mapungubwe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Mutapa" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Mutapa">Kingdom of Mutapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaditshwene" title="Kaditshwene">Kaditshwene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Cape_Colony" title="Dutch Cape Colony">Dutch Cape Colony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mthethwa_Paramountcy" class="mw-redirect" title="Mthethwa Paramountcy">Mthethwa Paramountcy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ndwandwe" title="Ndwandwe">Ndwandwe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Colony" title="Cape Colony">Cape Colony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zulu_Kingdom" title="Zulu Kingdom">Zulu Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_Free_State" title="Orange Free State">Orange Free State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transvaal_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Transvaal Republic">Transvaal Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Boer_War" title="First Boer War">First Boer War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Boer_War" title="Second Boer War">Second Boer War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Depression_in_South_Africa" title="Great Depression in South Africa">Great Depression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_South_Africa_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of South Africa during World War II">World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apartheid" title="Apartheid">Apartheid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Border_War" title="South African Border War">Border War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_South_Africa_(1994%E2%80%93present)" title="History of South Africa (1994–present)">Democratic South Africa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">By topic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_South_Africa" title="Economic history of South Africa">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_South_Africa" title="Military history of South Africa">Military</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_South_Africa" title="Geography of South Africa">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biodiversity_of_South_Africa" title="Biodiversity of South Africa">Biodiversity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_South_Africa" title="Climate of South Africa">Climate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_South_Africa" title="Climate change in South Africa">Climate change</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_South_Africa" title="Districts of South Africa">Districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_South_Africa" title="List of earthquakes in South Africa">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_estuaries_of_South_Africa" title="List of estuaries of South Africa">Estuaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_forests_of_South_Africa" title="List of forests of South Africa">Forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_South_Africa" title="List of islands of South Africa">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_South_Africa" title="List of lakes of South Africa">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountain_ranges_of_South_Africa" title="List of mountain ranges of South Africa">Mountain ranges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_South_African_municipalities" class="mw-redirect" title="List of South African municipalities">Municipalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_South_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Protected areas of South Africa">National parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_populated_places_in_South_Africa" title="List of populated places in South Africa">Populated places</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_South_Africa" title="Provinces of South Africa">Provinces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_South_Africa" title="List of rivers of South Africa">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_South_Africa" title="Wildlife of South Africa">Wildlife</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_South_Africa" title="Politics of South Africa">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_South_Africa" title="Constitution of South Africa">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courts_of_South_Africa" title="Courts of South Africa">Courts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_South_Africa" title="Corruption in South Africa">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_South_Africa" title="Elections in South Africa">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_South_Africa" title="Foreign relations of South Africa">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_South_Africa" title="Government of South Africa">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_South_Africa" title="Human rights in South Africa">Human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_South_Africa" title="Law of South Africa">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_South_Africa" title="Law enforcement in South Africa">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_National_Defence_Force" title="South African National Defence Force">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_South_Africa" title="Parliament of South Africa">Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_South_Africa" title="List of political parties in South Africa">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_South_Africa" title="President of South Africa">President</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lifespan_timeline_of_presidents_of_South_Africa" title="Lifespan timeline of presidents of South Africa">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Security_Agency_(South_Africa)" title="State Security Agency (South Africa)">State security</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_South_Africa" title="Economy of South Africa">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_South_Africa" title="Agriculture in South Africa">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_South_Africa" title="Banking in South Africa">Banking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_South_Africa" title="List of companies of South Africa">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_South_Africa" title="Telecommunications in South Africa">Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_South_Africa" title="Economic history of South Africa">Economic history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_South_Africa" title="Energy in South Africa">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_trade_of_South_Africa" title="Foreign trade of South Africa">Foreign trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Income_inequality_in_South_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Income inequality in South Africa">Income inequality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_industry_of_South_Africa" title="Mining industry of South Africa">Mining industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_rand" title="South African rand">Rand <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State-owned_enterprises_of_South_Africa" title="State-owned enterprises of South Africa">State-owned enterprises</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JSE_Limited" title="JSE Limited">Stock exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_South_Africa" title="Taxation in South Africa">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_South_Africa" title="Tourism in South Africa">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_unions_in_South_Africa" title="Trade unions in South Africa">Trade unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_South_Africa" title="Transport in South Africa">Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_South_Africa" title="Water supply and sanitation in South Africa">Water and sanitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wealth_inequality_in_South_Africa" title="Wealth inequality in South Africa">Wealth inequality</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_South_Africa" title="Category:Society of South Africa">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_South_Africa" title="Cannabis in South Africa">Cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_South_Africa" title="Crime in South Africa">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disability_in_South_Africa" title="Disability in South Africa">Disability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_South_Africa" title="Education in South Africa">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_South_Africa" title="Feminism in South Africa">Feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_South_Africa" title="Health in South Africa">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_South_Africa" title="Healthcare in South Africa">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_South_Africa" title="Immigration to South Africa">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_South_Africa" title="Intersex rights in South Africa">Intersex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_invasion_in_South_Africa" title="Land invasion in South Africa">Land invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_South_Africa" title="Languages of South Africa">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_South_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in South Africa">LGBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_South_African_provinces_by_life_expectancy" title="List of South African provinces by life expectancy">Life expectancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_South_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Poverty in South Africa">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_South_Africa" title="Racism in South Africa">Racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_South_Africa" title="Religion in South Africa">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_violence_in_South_Africa" title="Sexual violence in South Africa">Sexual violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slum_clearance_in_South_Africa" title="Slum clearance in South Africa">Slum clearance</a></li> <li><a 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