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cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="इस विकि में खोजें [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>खोजें</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="विकिपीडिया में खोजें" aria-label="विकिपीडिया में खोजें" autocapitalize="sentences" title="इस विकि में खोजें [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="विशेष:खोज"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">खोजें</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="व्यक्तिगत उपकरण"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="दिखावट"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="पृष्ठ के फ़ॉन्ट का आकार, चौड़ाई और रंग बदलें" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="दिखावट" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">दिखावट</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=hi.wikipedia.org&uselang=hi" class=""><span>दान करें</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%81&returnto=%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%87" title="हमारा सुझाव है की आप खाता बनाएँ और लॉगिन करें, परन्तु यह अनिवार्य नहीं है" class=""><span>खाता बनाएँ</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8&returnto=%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%87" title="आपको सत्रारम्भ करने के लिए प्रोत्साहित किया जाता है; लेकिन यह अनिवार्य नहीं है [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>लॉग-इन करें</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="अन्य विकल्प" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="व्यक्तिगत उपकरण" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">व्यक्तिगत उपकरण</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=hi.wikipedia.org&uselang=hi"><span>दान करें</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%81&returnto=%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%87" title="हमारा सुझाव है की आप खाता बनाएँ और लॉगिन करें, परन्तु यह अनिवार्य नहीं है"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>खाता बनाएँ</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8&returnto=%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%87" title="आपको सत्रारम्भ करने के लिए प्रोत्साहित किया जाता है; लेकिन यह अनिवार्य नहीं है [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>लॉग-इन करें</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> लॉग-आउट किए गए संपादकों के लिए पृष्ठ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%AF" aria-label="संपादन के बारे में अधिक जानें"><span>अधिक जानें</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="इस आईपी पते से संपादन की सूची [y]" accesskey="y"><span>योगदान</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="इस आईपी एड्रेससे हुए बदलावों के बारे में वार्ता [n]" accesskey="n"><span>वार्ता</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="साइट"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="सामग्री" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">सामग्री</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">साइडबार पर जाएँ</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">छुपाएँ</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">शुरुआत</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-इन्हें_भी_देखें" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#इन्हें_भी_देखें"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>इन्हें भी देखें</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-इन्हें_भी_देखें-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-सन्दर्भ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#सन्दर्भ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>सन्दर्भ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-सन्दर्भ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="सामग्री" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="विषयसूची को टॉगल करें" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">विषयसूची को टॉगल करें</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">चौपाये</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="दूसरे भाषा में लेख पर जाएँ। 86 भाषाओं में उपलब्ध" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-86" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">86 भाषाएँ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrapoda" title="Tetrapoda – अफ़्रीकी" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Tetrapoda" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="अफ़्रीकी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landwirbeltiere" title="Landwirbeltiere – स्विस जर्मन" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Landwirbeltiere" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="स्विस जर्मन" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrapoda" title="Tetrapoda – अरागोनी" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Tetrapoda" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="अरागोनी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B0%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%B9" title="ذوات الأربع – अरबी" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ذوات الأربع" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="अरबी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%A9" title="مولات ربعة – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="مولات ربعة" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81" title="رباعيات الاطراف – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="رباعيات الاطراف" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrapoda" title="Tetrapoda – अस्तुरियन" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Tetrapoda" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="अस्तुरियन" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%B6rdayaql%C4%B1lar" title="Dördayaqlılar – अज़रबैजानी" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Dördayaqlılar" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="अज़रबैजानी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A4%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%82%E2%80%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="دؤردایاق‌لیلار – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="دؤردایاق‌لیلار" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Чатырохногія – बेलारूसी" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Чатырохногія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="बेलारूसी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Чатырохногія – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Чатырохногія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Четирикраки – बुल्गारियाई" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Четирикраки" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="बुल्गारियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrapoda" title="Tetrapoda – बोस्नियाई" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Tetrapoda" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="बोस्नियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetr%C3%A0podes" title="Tetràpodes – कातालान" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Tetràpodes" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="कातालान" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrapoda" title="Tetrapoda – सिबुआनो" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Tetrapoda" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="सिबुआनो" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cty%C5%99no%C5%BEci" title="Čtyřnožci – चेक" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Čtyřnožci" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="चेक" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%C4%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%C4%83_%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Тăватă уралли – चूवाश" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Тăватă уралли" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="चूवाश" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrapoder" title="Tetrapoder – डेनिश" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Tetrapoder" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="डेनिश" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landwirbeltiere" title="Landwirbeltiere – जर्मन" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Landwirbeltiere" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="जर्मन" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87ehar_pay%C4%B1ni" title="Çehar payıni – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Çehar payıni" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%B5%CF%84%CF%81%CE%AC%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%B4%CE%B1" title="Τετράποδα – यूनानी" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τετράποδα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="यूनानी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrapod" title="Tetrapod – अंग्रेज़ी" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Tetrapod" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="अंग्रेज़ी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrapodoj" title="Tetrapodoj – एस्पेरेंतो" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Tetrapodoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="एस्पेरेंतो" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrapoda" title="Tetrapoda – स्पेनिश" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tetrapoda" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="स्पेनिश" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrapoodid" title="Tetrapoodid – एस्टोनियाई" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tetrapoodid" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="एस्टोनियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrapoda" title="Tetrapoda – बास्क" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Tetrapoda" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="बास्क" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="چهاراندامان – फ़ारसी" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="چهاراندامان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="फ़ारसी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrapoda" title="Tetrapoda – फ़िनिश" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tetrapoda" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="फ़िनिश" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrapoda" title="Tetrapoda – फ़्रेंच" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tetrapoda" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="फ़्रेंच" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A8trapodos" title="Tètrapodos – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Tètrapodos" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunw%C3%A4%C3%A4rlisdiarten" title="Lunwäärlisdiarten – उत्तरी फ़्रीसियाई" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Lunwäärlisdiarten" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="उत्तरी फ़्रीसियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fjouwerpoatigen" title="Fjouwerpoatigen – पश्चिमी फ़्रिसियाई" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Fjouwerpoatigen" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="पश्चिमी फ़्रिसियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetr%C3%A1podos" title="Tetrápodos – गैलिशियन" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Tetrápodos" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="गैलिशियन" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiare-chassagh" title="Kiare-chassagh – मैंक्स" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Kiare-chassagh" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="मैंक्स" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%99_%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%A2_%D7%A8%D7%92%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D" title="בעלי ארבע רגליים – हिब्रू" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בעלי ארבע רגליים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="हिब्रू" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kopneni_kralje%C5%BEnjaci" title="Kopneni kralježnjaci – क्रोएशियाई" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kopneni kralježnjaci" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="क्रोएशियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A9gyl%C3%A1b%C3%BAak" title="Négylábúak – हंगेरियाई" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Négylábúak" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="हंगेरियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrapoda" title="Tetrapoda – इंटरलिंगुआ" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Tetrapoda" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="इंटरलिंगुआ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrapoda" title="Tetrapoda – इंडोनेशियाई" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tetrapoda" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="इंडोनेशियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferf%C3%A6tlingar" title="Ferfætlingar – आइसलैंडिक" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Ferfætlingar" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="आइसलैंडिक" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrapoda" title="Tetrapoda – इतालवी" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Tetrapoda" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="इतालवी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E8%82%A2%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9" title="四肢動物 – जापानी" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="四肢動物" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="जापानी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrapoda" title="Tetrapoda – जावानीज़" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Tetrapoda" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="जावानीज़" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiku%E1%BA%93darin" title="Tikuẓdarin – कबाइल" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tikuẓdarin" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="कबाइल" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%8F%D2%9B%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Төртаяқтылар – कज़ाख़" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Төртаяқтылар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="कज़ाख़" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9A%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%B7%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A6%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%B3%E0%B3%81" title="ಚತುಷ್ಪಾದಿಗಳು – कन्नड़" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಚತುಷ್ಪಾದಿಗಳು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="कन्नड़" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%84%A4%EB%B0%9C%EB%8F%99%EB%AC%BC" title="네발동물 – कोरियाई" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="네발동물" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="कोरियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrapoda" title="Tetrapoda – लैटिन" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Tetrapoda" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="लैटिन" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veerveuters" title="Veerveuters – लिंबर्गिश" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Veerveuters" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="लिंबर्गिश" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keturkojai" title="Keturkojai – लिथुआनियाई" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Keturkojai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="लिथुआनियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cetrk%C4%81jai%C5%86i" title="Četrkājaiņi – लातवियाई" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Četrkājaiņi" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="लातवियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%88%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Четириношци – मकदूनियाई" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Четириношци" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="मकदूनियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D" title="ടെട്രാപോഡ് – मलयालम" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ടെട്രാപോഡ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="मलयालम" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D3%B9%D0%BB_%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%BB%D3%93" title="Нӹл яланвлӓ – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Нӹл яланвлӓ" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrapod" title="Tetrapod – मलय" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tetrapod" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="मलय" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%81%E1%80%BC%E1%80%B1%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8%E1%80%81%E1%80%BB%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8_%E1%80%9E%E1%80%90%E1%80%B9%E1%80%90%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AB" title="ခြေလေးချောင်း သတ္တဝါ – बर्मीज़" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ခြေလေးချောင်း သတ္တဝါ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="बर्मीज़" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veerf%C3%B6%C3%B6t" title="Veerfööt – निचला जर्मन" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Veerfööt" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="निचला जर्मन" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viervoeters_(biologie)" title="Viervoeters (biologie) – डच" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Viervoeters (biologie)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="डच" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrapodar" title="Tetrapodar – नॉर्वेजियाई नॉयनॉर्स्क" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Tetrapodar" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="नॉर्वेजियाई नॉयनॉर्स्क" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firbente_virveldyr" title="Firbente virveldyr – नॉर्वेजियाई बोकमाल" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Firbente virveldyr" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="नॉर्वेजियाई बोकमाल" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrapoda" title="Tetrapoda – ओसीटान" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Tetrapoda" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="ओसीटान" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czworonogi" title="Czworonogi – पोलिश" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Czworonogi" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="पोलिश" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%92" title="چارپیرے – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="چارپیرے" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%85%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1_%D9%BE%DA%9A%DB%90_%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%DA%A9%D9%8A_%DA%98%D9%88%D9%8A" title="څلور پښې لرونکي ژوي – पश्तो" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="څلور پښې لرونکي ژوي" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="पश्तो" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetr%C3%A1podes" title="Tetrápodes – पुर्तगाली" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Tetrápodes" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="पुर्तगाली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrapode" title="Tetrapode – रोमानियाई" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Tetrapode" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="रोमानियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Четвероногие – रूसी" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Четвероногие" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="रूसी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrapod" title="Tetrapod – स्कॉट्स" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Tetrapod" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="स्कॉट्स" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrapodi" title="Tetrapodi – सेर्बो-क्रोएशियाई" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Tetrapodi" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="सेर्बो-क्रोएशियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrapod" title="Tetrapod – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Tetrapod" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0tvorno%C5%BEce" title="Štvornožce – स्लोवाक" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Štvornožce" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="स्लोवाक" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrapodi" title="Tetrapodi – सर्बियाई" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Tetrapodi" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="सर्बियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrapoda" title="Tetrapoda – स्वीडिश" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tetrapoda" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="स्वीडिश" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF_(%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D)" title="நாற்காலி (உயிரியல்) – तमिल" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நாற்காலி (உயிரியல்)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="तमिल" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%94" title="เทเทรอพอด – थाई" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เทเทรอพอด" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="थाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrapoda" title="Tetrapoda – टैगलॉग" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Tetrapoda" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="टैगलॉग" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrapoda" title="Tetrapoda – तुर्की" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Tetrapoda" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="तुर्की" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96" title="Чотириногі – यूक्रेनियाई" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Чотириногі" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="यूक्रेनियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D9%88%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%92" title="چوپائے – उर्दू" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="چوپائے" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="उर्दू" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%99ng_v%E1%BA%ADt_b%E1%BB%91n_ch%C3%A2n" title="Động vật bốn chân – वियतनामी" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Động vật bốn chân" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="वियतनामी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viervoeters" title="Viervoeters – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Viervoeters" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrapoda" title="Tetrapoda – वारै" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Tetrapoda" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="वारै" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E8%B6%B3%E7%B1%BB" title="四足类 – वू चीनी" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="四足类" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="वू चीनी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vierpo%C3%B4ters" title="Vierpoôters – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Vierpoôters" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E8%B6%B3%E9%A1%9E" title="四足類 – चीनी" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="四足類" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="चीनी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">छुपाएँ</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">मुक्त ज्ञानकोश विकिपीडिया से</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="hi" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: transparent; text-align:center; border: 2px solid red; error:colour">चतुष्पाद<br /><small>सामयिक शृंखला: <br /><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Late_Devonian" class="extiw" title="en:Late Devonian">Late Devonian</a>–<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holocene" class="extiw" title="en:Holocene">Present</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-lissamphibianorigin_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lissamphibianorigin-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 367.5–0 मिलियन वर्ष <div id="Timeline-row" style="margin: 4px auto 0; clear:both; width:200px; padding:0px; height:18px; overflow:visible; border:1px #666; border-style:solid none; position:relative; z-index:0;"> <div id="PreЄ_marker" style="z-index:1000; position:absolute; left:5px; overflow:visible; width:0; position:absolute; height:100%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Precambrian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Precambrian (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">PreЄ</a></div> <div id="bar" style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(255,220,135); opacity:0.05; filter:alpha(opacity=5); width:1px; left:0px"></div> <div id="bar" style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(255,220,135); opacity:0.1; filter:alpha(opacity=10); width:1px; left:1px"></div> <div id="bar" style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(255,220,135); opacity:0.15; filter:alpha(opacity=15); width:1px; left:2px"></div> <div id="bar" style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(255,220,135); opacity:0.2; filter:alpha(opacity=20); width:1px; left:3px"></div> <div id="bar" style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(255,220,135); opacity:0.25; filter:alpha(opacity=25); width:1px; left:4px"></div> <div id="bar" style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(255,220,135); opacity:0.3; filter:alpha(opacity=30); width:1px; left:5px"></div> <div id="bar" style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(255,220,135); opacity:0.35; filter:alpha(opacity=30); width:1px; left:6px"></div> <div id="bar" style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(255,220,135); opacity:0.4; filter:alpha(opacity=40); width:1px; left:7px"></div> <div id="bar" style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(255,220,135); opacity:0.45; filter:alpha(opacity=45); width:1px; left:8px"></div> <div id="bar" style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(255,220,135); opacity:0.5; filter:alpha(opacity=50); width:1px; left:9px"></div> <div id="bar" style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(255,220,135); opacity:0.55; filter:alpha(opacity=55); width:1px; left:10px"></div> <div id="bar" style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(255,220,135); opacity:0.6; filter:alpha(opacity=60); width:1px; left:11px"></div> <div id="bar" style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(255,220,135); opacity:0.65; filter:alpha(opacity=65); width:1px; left:12px"></div> <div id="bar" style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(255,220,135); opacity:0.7; filter:alpha(opacity=70); width:1px; left:13px"></div> <div id="bar" style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(255,220,135); opacity:0.75; filter:alpha(opacity=75); width:1px; left:14px"></div> <div id="bar" style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(255,220,135); opacity:0.8; filter:alpha(opacity=80); width:1px; left:15px"></div> <div id="bar" style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(255,220,135); opacity:0.85; filter:alpha(opacity=85); width:1px; left:16px"></div> <div id="bar" style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(255,220,135); opacity:0.9; filter:alpha(opacity=90); width:1px; left:17px"></div> <div id="bar" style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(255,220,135); opacity:0.95; filter:alpha(opacity=95); width:1px; left:18px"></div> <div id="bar" style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(255,220,135); left:19px; width:14.230769230769px;"></div> <div id="bar" style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(147,171,110); left:33.230769230769px; width:16.523076923077px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cambrian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cambrian (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Є</a></div> <div id="bar" style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(0,149,126); left:49.753846153846px; width:13.723076923077px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ordovician&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ordovician (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">O</a></div> <div id="bar" style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(179,225,182); left:63.476923076923px; width:8.5230769230769px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silurian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Silurian (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">S</a></div> <div id="bar" style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(211,160,80); left:72px; width:17.476923076923px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Devonian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Devonian (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">D</a></div> <div id="bar" style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(111,175,176); left:89.476923076923px; width:18.523076923077px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carboniferous&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carboniferous (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">C</a></div> <div id="bar" style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(240,64,60); left:108px; width:14.769230769231px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Permian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Permian (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">P</a></div> <div id="bar" style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(146,76,148); left:122.76923076923px; width:15.815384615385px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Triassic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Triassic (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">T</a></div> <div id="bar" style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(0,176,222); left:138.58461538462px; width:16.646153846154px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jurassic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jurassic (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">J</a></div> <div id="bar" style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(127,198,78); left:155.23076923077px; width:24.615384615385px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cretaceous&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cretaceous (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">K</a></div> <div id="bar" style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(253,154,82); left:179.84615384615px; width:13.067692307692px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paleogene&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paleogene (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)"><small>Pg</small></a></div> <div id="bar" style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(255,230,25); left:192.91384615385px; width:7.0861538461538px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neogene&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neogene (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)"><small>N</small></a></div> <div id="end-border" style="position:absolute; height:100%; background-color:#666; width:1px; left:199px"></div><div style="margin:0 auto; line-height:0; clear:both; width:200px; padding:0px; height:8px; overflow:visible; background-color:transparent; position:relative; top:-4px; z-index:100;"><div id="Range-border" style="position:absolute; height:8px; left:86.923076923077px; width:113.07692307692px; background-color:#360; opacity:0.42; filter:alpha(opacity=42);"></div> <div id="Range-border" style="position:absolute; height:8px; left:86.923076923077px; width:113.07692307692px; background-color:#360; opacity:0.{{{3}}}; filter:alpha(opacity={{{3}}});"></div> <div id="Range-Marker" style="position:absolute; height:6px; top:1px; left:87.923076923077px; width:111.07692307692px; background-color:#6c3;"></div> </div> </div></small> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0:Extant_tetrapoda.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Extant_tetrapoda.jpg/250px-Extant_tetrapoda.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Extant_tetrapoda.jpg/375px-Extant_tetrapoda.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Extant_tetrapoda.jpg/500px-Extant_tetrapoda.jpg 2x" data-file-width="945" data-file-height="697" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%">कुछ आधुनिक चतुष्पाद, ऊपर-बाएँ से दक्षिणावर्त मण्डूक, होआतज़िन (पक्षी), स्किंक, चूहा </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: transparent; text-align:center; border: 2px solid red; error:colour"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_(%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8)" class="mw-redirect" title="वर्गिकी (जीवविज्ञान)">वैज्ञानिक वर्गीकरण</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A4_(%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8)" title="जगत (जीवविज्ञान)">जगत</a>: </td> <td><span class="[[जगत (जीवविज्ञान)|जगत]]"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80" title="प्राणी">प्राणी</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%98_(%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8)" title="संघ (जीवविज्ञान)">संघ</a>: </td> <td><span class="[[संघ (जीवविज्ञान)|संघ]]"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="रज्जुकी">रज्जुकी</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%98_(%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8)" title="संघ (जीवविज्ञान)">उपसंघ</a>: </td> <td><span class="[[संघ (जीवविज्ञान)|उपसंघ]]"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" class="mw-redirect" title="कशेरुकी">कशेरुकी</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>अधःसंघ: </td> <td><span class="अधःसंघ"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="हनुमुखी (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">हनुमुखी</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>अधिवर्ग: </td> <td><span class="अधिवर्ग"><b>चतुष्पाद</b></span><br /><small>गुडरिच, १९३०</small> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: transparent; text-align:center; border: 2px solid red; error:colour">उपसमूह </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batrachomorpha" class="extiw" title="en:Batrachomorpha">Batrachomorpha</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reptiliomorpha" class="extiw" title="en:Reptiliomorpha">Reptiliomorpha</a></li></ul> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>चतुष्पाद</b> उन <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80" title="प्राणी">प्राणियों</a> का <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97_(%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8)" title="वर्ग (जीवविज्ञान)">महावर्ग</a> है जो <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80" title="पृथ्वी">पृथ्वी</a> पर चार पैरों पर चलने वाले सर्वप्रथम <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80" title="कशेरुकी प्राणी">कशेरुकी</a> प्राणियों के वंशज हैं। इसमें सारे वर्तमान और <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF" title="विलुप्ति">विलुप्त</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%B0" title="उभयचर">उभयचर</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%AA" title="सरीसृप">सरीसृप</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" title="स्तनधारी">स्तनधारी</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%80" title="पक्षी">पक्षी</a> और कुछ विलुप्त <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%9B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80" title="मछली">मछलियाँ</a> शामिल हैं। यह सभी आज से लगभग ३९ करोड़ वर्ष पूर्व पृथ्वी के <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA" title="डिवोनी कल्प">डिवोनी कल्प</a> में उत्पन्न हुई कुछ समुद्री <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%8F" title="सार्कोप्टरिजियाए">लोब-फ़िन मछलियों</a> से <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE-%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8" title="क्रम-विकास">क्रम-विकसित</a> हुए थे।<sup id="cite_ref-lissamphibianorigin_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lissamphibianorigin-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> चौपाये सब से पहले कब समुद्र से निकल कर ज़मीन पर फैलने लगे, इस बात को लेकर अनुसंधान व बहस <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="जीवाश्मविज्ञान">जीवाश्मशास्त्रियों</a> में जारी है।<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>हालांकि वर्तमान में अधिकतर चौपाई <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF_(%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8)" title="जाति (जीवविज्ञान)">जातियाँ</a> धरती पर रहती हैं, पृथ्वी की पहली चौपाई जातियाँ सभी समुद्री थीं। उभयचर अभी-भी अर्ध-जलीय जीवन व्यतीत करते हैं और उनका आरम्भ पूर्णतः जल में रहने वाले मछली-रूपी बच्चें से होता है। लगभग ३४ करोड़ वर्ष पूर्व ऐम्नीओट उत्पन्न हुये, जिनके शिशुओं का पोषण अंडों में या मादा के गर्भ में होता है। इन <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%90%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ऐम्नीओटों (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">ऐम्नीओटों</a> के वंशजों ने पानी में अंडे छोड़ने-वाले उभयचरों की अधिकतर जातियों को विलुप्त कर दिया हालांकि कुछ वर्तमान में भी अस्तित्व में हैं। आगे चलकर यह ऐम्नीओट भी दो मुख्य शाखाओं में बंट गये। एक शाखा में <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9B%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80" title="छिपकली">छिपकलियाँ</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0" title="डायनासोर">डायनासोर</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%80" title="पक्षी">पक्षी</a> और उनके सम्बन्धी उत्पन्न हुए, जबकि दूसरी शाखा में स्तनधारी और उनके अब-विलुप्त सम्बन्धी विकसित हुए। जहाँ मछलियों में क्रम-विकास से चार-पाऊँ बनकर चौपाये बने थे, वहीं सर्प जैसे कुछ चौपायों में क्रम-विकास से ही यह पाऊँ ग़ायब हो गये। कुछ ऐसे भी चौपाये थे जो वापस समुद्री जीवन में चले गये, जिनमें <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2" title="ह्वेल">ह्वेल</a> शामिल है। फिर-भी जीववैज्ञानिक दृष्टि से चौपायों के सभी वंशज चौपाये ही समझे जाते हैं, चाहें उनके पाँव हो या नहीं और चाहे वे समुद्र में रहें या धरती पर।<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="इन्हें_भी_देखें"><span id=".E0.A4.87.E0.A4.A8.E0.A5.8D.E0.A4.B9.E0.A5.87.E0.A4.82_.E0.A4.AD.E0.A5.80_.E0.A4.A6.E0.A5.87.E0.A4.96.E0.A5.87.E0.A4.82"></span>इन्हें भी देखें</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%87&action=edit&section=1" title="अनुभाग सम्पादित करें: इन्हें भी देखें"><span>संपादित करें</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%8F" title="सार्कोप्टरिजियाए">सार्कोप्टरिजियाए</a> (लोब-फ़िन मछलियाँ)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%90%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%9F" title="ऐम्नीओट">ऐम्नीओट</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE-%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8" title="क्रम-विकास">क्रम-विकास</a> (इवोल्यूशन)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="सन्दर्भ"><span id=".E0.A4.B8.E0.A4.A8.E0.A5.8D.E0.A4.A6.E0.A4.B0.E0.A5.8D.E0.A4.AD"></span>सन्दर्भ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%87&action=edit&section=2" title="अनुभाग सम्पादित करें: सन्दर्भ"><span>संपादित करें</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-lissamphibianorigin-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-lissamphibianorigin_1-0">अ</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-lissamphibianorigin_1-1">आ</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Alexander, Pyron R. (July 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_systematic-biology_2011-07_60_4/page/466">"Divergence Time Estimation Using Fossils as Terminal Taxa and the Origins of Lissamphibia"</a>. <i>Systematic Biology</i>. <b>60</b> (4): 466–481. <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%95" class="mw-redirect" title="पबमेड अभिज्ञापक">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21540408">21540408</a>. <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%95" title="डिजिटल वस्तु अभिज्ञापक">डीओआइ</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fsysbio%2Fsyr047">10.1093/sysbio/syr047</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Systematic+Biology&rft.atitle=Divergence+Time+Estimation+Using+Fossils+as+Terminal+Taxa+and+the+Origins+of+Lissamphibia&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=466-481&rft.date=2011-07&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fsysbio%2Fsyr047&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F21540408&rft.aulast=Alexander&rft.aufirst=Pyron+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_systematic-biology_2011-07_60_4%2Fpage%2F466&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%87" class="Z3988"></span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5547232">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:12px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Narkiewicz, Katarzyna; Narkiewicz, Marek (January 2015). "The age of the oldest tetrapod tracks from Zachełmie, Poland". Lethaia 48 (1): 10–12. doi:10.1111/let.12083. ISSN 0024-1164.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Canoville, Aurore; Laurin, Michel (June 2010). "Evolution of humeral microanatomy and lifestyle in amniotes, and some comments on paleobiological inferences". Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 100 (2): 384–406. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8312.2010.01431.x.</span> </li> </ol></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">"<a dir="ltr" href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=चौपाये&oldid=5822521">https://hi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=चौपाये&oldid=5822521</a>" से प्राप्त</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%81" title="विशेष:श्रेणियाँ">श्रेणियाँ</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80:%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80" title="श्रेणी:चौपाये प्राणी">चौपाये प्राणी</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80:%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="श्रेणी:प्राणी शारीरिकी">प्राणी शारीरिकी</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80:%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%95" title="श्रेणी:कशेरुक">कशेरुक</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">छुपी हुई श्रेणी: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80:%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%81_(%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8)_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%AA_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%96" title="श्रेणी:जातियाँ (जीवविज्ञान) सूक्ष्मप्रारूप वाले लेख">जातियाँ (जीवविज्ञान) सूक्ष्मप्रारूप वाले लेख</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> अन्तिम परिवर्तन 10:08, 15 अप्रैल 2023।</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">यह सामग्री <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">क्रियेटिव कॉमन्स ऍट्रीब्यूशन/शेयर-अलाइक लाइसेंस</a> के तहत उपलब्ध है; 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