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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log masuk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Laman untuk penyunting log keluar <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengenalan" aria-label="Ketahui lebih lanjut tentang menyunting"><span>Ketahui lebih lanjut</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumbangan_saya" title="Senarai suntingan yang dibuat daripada alamat IP ini [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Sumbangan</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Perbincangan_saya" title="Perbincangan mengenai penyuntingan daripada alamat IP anda [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Perbincangan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Tapak"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Kandungan" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Kandungan</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Permulaan</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Rujukan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rujukan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Rujukan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rujukan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Kandungan" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Togol isi kandungan" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Togol isi kandungan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Gerakan Baihua</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke rencana dalam bahasa lain. Tersedia dalam 35 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-35" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">35 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A9_%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A9" title="حملة المائة وردة – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حملة المائة وردة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kampanye_Ratusan_Bunga" title="Kampanye Ratusan Bunga – Indonesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kampanye Ratusan Bunga" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pek-hoa-ch%C3%AA-h%C3%B2ng,_pek-ka-cheng-b%C3%AAng" title="Pek-hoa-chê-hòng, pek-ka-cheng-bêng – Cina Min Nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Pek-hoa-chê-hòng, pek-ka-cheng-bêng" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Cina Min Nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campanya_de_les_Cent_Flors" title="Campanya de les Cent Flors – Catalonia" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Campanya de les Cent Flors" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hnut%C3%AD_sta_kv%C4%9Bt%C5%AF" title="Hnutí sta květů – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Hnutí sta květů" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hundrede_Blomster-kampagnen" title="Hundrede Blomster-kampagnen – Denmark" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Hundrede Blomster-kampagnen" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Denmark" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hundert-Blumen-Bewegung" title="Hundert-Blumen-Bewegung – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hundert-Blumen-Bewegung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saja_%C3%B5ie_kampaania" title="Saja õie kampaania – Estonia" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Saja õie kampaania" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hundred_Flowers_Campaign" title="Hundred Flowers Campaign – Inggeris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Hundred Flowers Campaign" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggeris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campa%C3%B1a_de_las_Cien_Flores" title="Campaña de las Cien Flores – Sepanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Campaña de las Cien Flores" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Sepanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kampanjo_de_Cent_Floroj" title="Kampanjo de Cent Floroj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kampanjo de Cent Floroj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1_%DB%8C%DA%A9%E2%80%8C%D8%B5%D8%AF_%DA%AF%D9%84" title="کارزار یک‌صد گل – Parsi" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کارزار یک‌صد گل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Parsi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campagne_des_Cent_Fleurs" title="Campagne des Cent Fleurs – Perancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Campagne des Cent Fleurs" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Perancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%B1%ED%99%94%EC%A0%9C%EB%B0%A9%C2%B7%EB%B0%B1%EA%B0%80%EC%9F%81%EB%AA%85" title="백화제방·백가쟁명 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="백화제방·백가쟁명" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neka_cvjeta_stotinu_cvjetova" title="Neka cvjeta stotinu cvjetova – Croatia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Neka cvjeta stotinu cvjetova" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campagna_dei_cento_fiori" title="Campagna dei cento fiori – Itali" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Campagna dei cento fiori" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Itali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%97%D7%99%D7%9D" title="מערכת מאה הפרחים – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מערכת מאה הפרחים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0imto_g%C4%97li%C5%B3_jud%C4%97jimas" title="Šimto gėlių judėjimas – Lithuania" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Šimto gėlių judėjimas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%88%E0%B5%BB" title="ഹണ്ട്രഡ് ഫ്ലവേഴ്സ് ക്യാമ്പൈൻ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഹണ്ട്രഡ് ഫ്ലവേഴ്സ് ക്യാമ്പൈൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BD_%D1%86%D1%8D%D1%86%D1%8D%D0%B3_%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B3%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B3" title="Зуун цэцэг дэлгэрэг – Mongolia" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Зуун цэцэг дэлгэрэг" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laat_Honderd_Bloemen_Bloeien" title="Laat Honderd Bloemen Bloeien – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Laat Honderd Bloemen Bloeien" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%99%BE%E8%8A%B1%E6%96%89%E6%94%BE%E7%99%BE%E5%AE%B6%E4%BA%89%E9%B3%B4" title="百花斉放百家争鳴 – Jepun" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="百花斉放百家争鳴" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hundre_blomster-kampanjen" title="Hundre blomster-kampanjen – Bokmal Norway" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Hundre blomster-kampanjen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmal Norway" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kampania_stu_kwiat%C3%B3w" title="Kampania stu kwiatów – Poland" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kampania stu kwiatów" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Poland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desabrochar_de_Cem_Flores" title="Desabrochar de Cem Flores – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Desabrochar de Cem Flores" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%8E%D1%82_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE_%D1%86%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Пусть расцветают сто цветов – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Пусть расцветают сто цветов" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B8%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%99%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%99%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%B8" title="මල් සියයේ මෙහෙයුම – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="මල් සියයේ මෙහෙයුම" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hnutie_sto_kvetov" title="Hnutie sto kvetov – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Hnutie sto kvetov" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%83_%D1%86%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Кампања стотину цветова – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Кампања стотину цветова" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadan_kukan_kampanja" title="Sadan kukan kampanja – Finland" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Sadan kukan kampanja" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_hundra_blommorna" title="De hundra blommorna – Sweden" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="De hundra blommorna" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweden" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B2" title="การรณรงค์ร้อยบุปผา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การรณรงค์ร้อยบุปผา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%C4%83m_hoa_%C4%91ua_n%E1%BB%9F,_tr%C4%83m_nh%C3%A0_%C4%91ua_ti%E1%BA%BFng" title="Trăm hoa đua nở, trăm nhà đua tiếng – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Trăm hoa đua nở, trăm nhà đua tiếng" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y%C3%BCz_%C3%87i%C3%A7ek_Kampanyas%C4%B1" title="Yüz Çiçek Kampanyası – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yüz Çiçek Kampanyası" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" 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QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Cetak/eksport </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Buku&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Gerakan+Baihua"><span>Cipta buku</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:DownloadAsPdf&page=Gerakan_Baihua&action=show-download-screen"><span>Muat turun sebagai PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerakan_Baihua&printable=yes" title="Versi boleh cetak bagi laman ini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versi boleh cetak</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dalam projek lain </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q517371" title="Pautan ke item repositori data yang bersambung [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Butir Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Alatan laman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Penampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Penampilan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Daripada Wikipedia, ensiklopedia bebas.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ms" dir="ltr"><table class="box-Kembangkan_bahasa plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Translation_to_english_arrow.svg/50px-Translation_to_english_arrow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Translation_to_english_arrow.svg/75px-Translation_to_english_arrow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Translation_to_english_arrow.svg/100px-Translation_to_english_arrow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">Rencana ini <b>mungkin boleh dikembangkan melalui teks yang diterjemah daripada <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%99%BE%E8%8A%B1%E9%BD%90%E6%94%BE%E3%80%81%E7%99%BE%E5%AE%B6%E4%BA%89%E9%B8%A3" class="extiw" title="zh:百花齐放、百家争鸣">rencana yang sepadan</a> dalam Wikipedia Bahasa Cina</b>.  <i><small>(Mei 2019)</small></i> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5777433">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border:none;"><div class="hidden-title" style="text-align:center; padding-right: 3em; font-weight: normal; text-align: left">Klik [tunjuk] pada sebelah kanan untuk melihat maklumat penting sebelum menterjemahkan.</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/translate?&u=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%E7%99%BE%E8%8A%B1%E9%BD%90%E6%94%BE%E3%80%81%E7%99%BE%E5%AE%B6%E4%BA%89%E9%B8%A3&sl=zh&tl=ms">Lihat</a> versi rencana Cina itu yang diterjemahkan oleh mesin.</li> <li>Terjemahan mesin Google adalah permulaan yang berguna untuk terjemahan, tetapi penterjemah harus membaiki kesalahan-kesalahan mengikut keperluan dan mengesahkan bahawa terjemahan itu adalah tepat, bukan sahaja salin dan tampal teks keterjemahan mesin ke dalam Wikipedia Bahasa Melayu.</li> <li>Jangan terjemah teks yang tidak boleh dipercayai atau berkualiti rendah. Jika boleh, sahkan teks dengan rujukan yang disediakan dalam rencana bahasa asing.</li> <li>Selepas menterjemah, templat <code>{{Laman diterjemahkan|zh|百花齐放、百家争鸣}}</code> hendaklah ditambah pada <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perbincangan:Gerakan_Baihua&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perbincangan:Gerakan Baihua (laman tidak wujud)">laman perbincangan</a> untuk memastikan pematuhan kepada <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Hak_cipta" title="Wikipedia:Hak cipta">hak cipta</a>.</li> <li>Untuk panduan lebih lanjut, sila lihat <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Terjemahan" title="Wikipedia:Terjemahan">Wikipedia:Terjemahan</a>.</li></ul> </div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Gerakan Baihua</b> (<a href="/wiki/Tulisan_Cina_Ringkas" title="Tulisan Cina Ringkas">Cina ringkas</a>: <span title="Cina-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">百花齐放</span></span><span class="lang-comment" style="font-style: normal; display: none; color: #33aa33; margin-left: 0.3em;">code: zh is deprecated </span>; <a href="/wiki/Tulisan_Cina_Tradisional" title="Tulisan Cina Tradisional">Cina tradisional</a>: <span title="Cina-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">百花齊放</span></span><span class="lang-comment" style="font-style: normal; display: none; color: #33aa33; margin-left: 0.3em;">code: zh is deprecated </span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <em>Bǎihuā Qífàng</em>), merupakan suatu tempoh di <a href="/wiki/Republik_Rakyat_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Republik Rakyat China">Republik Rakyat China</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> pada tahun 1956 di mana <a href="/wiki/Parti_Komunis_China" title="Parti Komunis China">Parti Komunis China</a> yang memerintah negara tersebut menggalakkan rakyatnya meluahkan rungutan mengenai kelemahan rejim mereka. Ia berdasarkan suatu ungkapan terkenal dituturkan pengerusi parti tersebut, <a href="/wiki/Mao_Zedong" title="Mao Zedong">Mao Zedong</a>, yang sendirinya merupakan saduran suatu bait puisi lama: </p> <blockquote> <p>「对艺术工作主张百花齐放，对学术工作主张百家争鸣」 - <i>duì yìshù gōngzuò zhǔzhāng <b>bǎihuā</b> qífàng, duì xuéshù gōngzuò zhǔzhāng bǎijiā zhēngmíng</i> </p><p>[<b>Seratus bunga</b> yang mekar mengembangkan seni, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhuzi_baijia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhuzi baijia (laman tidak wujud)">seratus aliran pemikiran</a> yang muncul mengembangkan ilmu pengetahuan.]<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WuWu2002_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WuWu2002-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </blockquote> <p>Pergerakan ini dilihat sebagai tindak balas daripada pihak intelektual yang merasa terasing daripada penglibatan hal kenegaraan pemerintahan Beijing.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Langkah besar-besaran ini terhenti pada Julai 1957 setelah Mao mendapat tahu mengenai berita bahawa Setiausaha Parti Komunis Soviet, <a href="/wiki/Nikita_Khrushchev" title="Nikita Khrushchev">Nikita Khrushchev</a> membuat <a href="/w/index.php?title=O_kul%27te_lichnosti_i_yego_posledstviyakh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="O kul'te lichnosti i yego posledstviyakh (laman tidak wujud)">suatu ucapan dikarang</a> mengutuk kuat dasar-dasar pemerintahan <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a> yang kecenderungan kuku besi dan membentuk suatu <a href="/wiki/Kultus_individu" title="Kultus individu">kultus individu</a>, serta kejadian-kejadian berlangsung dalam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Revolusi_Hungary_1956&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Revolusi Hungary 1956 (laman tidak wujud)">Revolusi Hungary 1956</a>, semasa Kongres Parti Komunis Kesatuan Soviet ke-20 di Moskva beberapa bulan tahun lepas. Mao mula bertukar fikiran mengenai ideologinya sehingga memutuskan pendekatan yang lebih keras dalam menyemai nilai yang dianggap menepati sosialisme yang difahaminya. Mao segera mewujudkan suatu "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pergerakan_Anti-Kanan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pergerakan Anti-Kanan (laman tidak wujud)">langkah penyingkiran</a>" yang menyasarkan serta menahan para intelektual, pegawai, pelajar, seniman dan pembangkang yang dianggap musuh kepada matlamat pemerintahannya hasil pemikiran "<a href="/wiki/Haluan_kanan" class="mw-redirect" title="Haluan kanan">kanan</a>" mereka.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The campaign led to a loss of individual rights, especially for any Chinese intellectuals educated in Western centers of learning. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rujukan">Rujukan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerakan_Baihua&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bahagian: Rujukan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerakan_Baihua&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Rujukan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6173370">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2" style=""> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">MacFarquhar, Roderick. <i>The Hundred Flowers</i>, 1960, pp. 3</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5110723">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/Hundred%2BFlowers?region=us&q=hundred+flowers+">"Definition of Hundred Flowers"</a>. Oxford Dictionaries<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">2012-05-17</span></span>. <q>"The policy of letting a hundred flowers bloom and a hundred schools of thought contend is designed to promote the flourishing of the arts and the progress of science".</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Definition+of+Hundred+Flowers&rft.pub=Oxford+Dictionaries&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Foxforddictionaries.com%2Fdefinition%2FHundred%252BFlowers%3Fregion%3Dus%26q%3Dhundred%2Bflowers%2B&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AGerakan+Baihua" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WuWu2002-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WuWu2002_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFHarry_WuHongda_Harry_WuGeorge_Vecsey2002" class="citation book cs1">Harry Wu; Hongda Harry Wu; George Vecsey (30 December 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xmWrlMvLvqcC&pg=PA49"><i>Troublemaker: One Man's Crusade Against China's Cruelty</i></a>. NewsMax Media, Inc. m/s. 49–55. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-9704029-9-8" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-9704029-9-8"><bdi>978-0-9704029-9-8</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">17 May</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Troublemaker%3A+One+Man%27s+Crusade+Against+China%27s+Cruelty&rft.pages=49-55&rft.pub=NewsMax+Media%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2002-12-30&rft.isbn=978-0-9704029-9-8&rft.au=Harry+Wu&rft.au=Hongda+Harry+Wu&rft.au=George+Vecsey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxmWrlMvLvqcC%26pg%3DPA49&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AGerakan+Baihua" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170212163835/http://chineseposters.net/themes/double-hundred-policy.php">"Double-Hundred Policy (1956-1957)"</a>. <i>chineseposters.net</i>. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chineseposters.net/themes/double-hundred-policy.php">yang asal</a> pada 2017-02-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">11 Februari</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=chineseposters.net&rft.atitle=Double-Hundred+Policy+%281956-1957%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fchineseposters.net%2Fthemes%2Fdouble-hundred-policy.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AGerakan+Baihua" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFLink2007" class="citation journal cs1">Link, Perry (23 Julai 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cantonrep.com/printable.php?ID=366534">"Legacy of a Maoist Injustice"</a>. The Repository.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Legacy+of+a+Maoist+Injustice&rft.date=2007-07-23&rft.aulast=Link&rft.aufirst=Perry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cantonrep.com%2Fprintable.php%3FID%3D366534&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AGerakan+Baihua" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error error citation-comment">Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|dead-url=</code> ignored (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">bantuan</a>); </span><span class="cs1-hidden-error error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> </ol></div> <dl><dt>Bibliografi</dt></dl> <ul><li>MacFarquhar, Roderick. <i>The Hundred Flowers</i>, Paris: The Congress for Cultural Freedom, 1960.</li> <li>MacFarquhar, Roderick. <i>The Origins of the Cultural Revolution: Contradictions Among the People, 1956-1957</i>. Columbia University Press, 1973.</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Diambil daripada "<a dir="ltr" href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gerakan_Baihua&oldid=5228396">https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gerakan_Baihua&oldid=5228396</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Kategori" title="Khas:Kategori">Kategori</a>: <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategori:Rencana_untuk_dikembangkan_dari_Mei_2019&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategori:Rencana untuk dikembangkan dari Mei 2019 (laman tidak wujud)">Rencana untuk dikembangkan dari Mei 2019</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Kategori-kategori tersembunyi: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_errors:_unsupported_parameter" title="Kategori:CS1 errors: unsupported parameter">CS1 errors: unsupported parameter</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_errors:_missing_periodical" title="Kategori:CS1 errors: missing periodical">CS1 errors: missing periodical</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Rencana_dengan_parameter_tarikh_tidak_sah_dalam_templat" title="Kategori:Rencana dengan parameter tarikh tidak sah dalam templat">Rencana dengan parameter tarikh tidak sah dalam templat</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Semua_rencana_untuk_dikembangkan" title="Kategori:Semua rencana untuk dikembangkan">Semua rencana untuk dikembangkan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Rencana_yang_memerlukan_terjemahan_dari_Wikipedia_bahasa_asing" title="Kategori:Rencana yang memerlukan terjemahan dari Wikipedia bahasa asing">Rencana yang memerlukan terjemahan dari Wikipedia bahasa asing</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Rencana_yang_mengandungi_teks_bahasa_Cina" title="Kategori:Rencana yang mengandungi teks bahasa Cina">Rencana yang mengandungi teks bahasa Cina</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Lang_and_lang-xx_using_deprecated_ISO_639_codes" title="Kategori:Lang and lang-xx using deprecated ISO 639 codes">Lang and lang-xx using deprecated ISO 639 codes</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Laman ini kali terakhir disunting pada 12:26, 20 Ogos 2021.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Teks disediakan di bawah <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.ms">Lesen Creative Commons Pengiktirafan/Perkongsian Serupa</a>; terma tambahan mungkin digunapakai. 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